Jabal El-Arab - Flora Syria On Line

• Shading effect of the western slopes compared to the eastern slopes.
• Effect of the Tiberias-Hermon gap, the humid Mediterranean air flow within this
gap to reach Jabal El-Arab.
• Effect of humid air of Khamasin cyclone at the beginning of the Spring (March-
April) with.
Annual rain amounts to 220 mm in the northern and southern parts of the study area
and highest rainfall occurs at the western slopes of the mountain in the Ein El-Arab
station (538.6 mm, 1510 m).
Coldest month is January where lowest mean annual temperature (2.5°C in Ein El
Arab) while hottest month is July (23.4°C in Shahba).
Monthly mean minimum temperature varies from -1.5°C (Ein El-Arab) in January
increasing gradually until August (17.6°C in Shahba).
Monthly mean maximum temperature varies from 5.8°C (Ein El-Arab) in January
increasing to 30.9°C (Swieda) in August.
Frost occurs in about 4 months of the year from January to April during this period
temperature may drop to –14°C.
Emberger index (Q) lies between 40 and 66 and the average of minimum
temperature (m) during the coldest month varies between –1.5°C in Ein El-Arab and
3.1°C in Swieda which indicates a semi-arid bioclimate with a cool Mediterranean
variety.
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ein El-Arab 1510m 11.9°C 538.6mm
Jan Feb Mar. Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct. Nov Dec.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
40
30
20
10
0
Swieda 997m 15.7°C 341mm
Jan Feb Mar. Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct. Nov Dec.
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0