Fulgoridae
Fulgoridae
Fulgoridae
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A Phylogenetic Investigation of<br />
the Planthopper Superfamily<br />
Fulgoroidea (Insecta:<br />
Hemiptera), with Emphasis on<br />
the Family <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
DEFENDED!<br />
Julie Urban<br />
University at Albany &<br />
New York State Museum
First Phylogeny of <strong>Fulgoridae</strong> -molecular<br />
data<br />
(Urban & Cryan, accepted MP&E)
Taxonomic sampling:<br />
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> -- molecular<br />
Ingroup: 69 taxa in 46 genera<br />
-- representatives of 8 of 8 subfamilies, 10 of 11 tribes<br />
Outgroups:<br />
Dictyopharidae (7)<br />
Cixiidae (2), Delphacidae (1)<br />
Molecular data -- ~ 5000 bp<br />
18S rDNA ~1,900 bp<br />
28S rDNA ~2,200 bp<br />
Histone 3 ~ 350 bp<br />
Wingless ~ 350 bp<br />
COI ~ 500 bp
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
MP analysis<br />
-- 19 equally parsimonious<br />
topologies<br />
-- robust to different weightings
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
MP analysis<br />
-- 19 equally parsimonious<br />
topologies<br />
-- robust to different weightings<br />
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> not monophyletic<br />
with respect to Dictyopharidae<br />
Dictyopharids<br />
Zanna
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
MP analysis<br />
-- 19 equally parsimonious<br />
topologies<br />
-- robust to different weightings<br />
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> not monophyletic<br />
with respect to Dictyopharidae
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
Tests of classification:<br />
-- Reject monophyly of family<br />
-- Reject monophyly of 5 of 7<br />
tested subfamilies<br />
-- Reject monophyly of 5 of 6<br />
tested tribes
NW<br />
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
Nearctic<br />
Nearctic<br />
Biogeography:<br />
-- Old World origin<br />
-- Monophyletic New World<br />
(colonization of Neotropics)<br />
-- Multiple dispersal events<br />
into Nearctic<br />
Mapping Head Process:<br />
-- 4-7 losses of head process<br />
across fulgorid evolution
1<br />
2<br />
5<br />
6<br />
12<br />
13<br />
7<br />
10<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops delessertii<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Anecphora sp.<br />
Penthicodes farinosa<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Raphiophora sp. LappidaRaphiophoraScolops<br />
8<br />
9<br />
Dictyophara sp.1<br />
Dictyophara sp.2<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
DictyopharaRhynchomitra<br />
Hyalodictyon<br />
sp.1<br />
15<br />
11 14<br />
18<br />
16<br />
17<br />
Penthicodes atomaria<br />
Druentia sicca<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
21<br />
20<br />
22<br />
23<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Birdantis blötei<br />
Desudaba danaë<br />
Eurinopsyche sp.<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
25<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
30<br />
31<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
19<br />
29<br />
28<br />
33<br />
32<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Artacie dufourii<br />
27 34<br />
35<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
26<br />
24<br />
36<br />
37<br />
Fulgora castresii<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Fulgora cearensis<br />
Stalubra brunnea<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Episcius bolivianus<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus<br />
Neocynthus sp.<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Weyrauchia peruviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Flatolystra distincta<br />
Flatolystra verrucosa<br />
Enhydria tessellata<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
38<br />
XosopharaPyrops Saiva<br />
AnecphoraPenthicodesDruentiaUndetermined<br />
Kalidasa<br />
Neolieftinckana BirdantisDesudabaEurinopsyche<br />
Odontoptera<br />
EnchophoraArtacie<br />
Phrictus<br />
Cathedra Fulgora Stalubra<br />
41<br />
43 44<br />
Pterodictya Phenax<br />
40<br />
45<br />
Echetra Episcius AracynthusNeocynthus<br />
39<br />
42<br />
47<br />
46<br />
51<br />
49<br />
52<br />
48<br />
50<br />
DiareusaSinualaAphrodisias Copidocephala<br />
55<br />
54<br />
56<br />
57<br />
53<br />
60<br />
59<br />
61<br />
58<br />
63<br />
62<br />
CyrpoptusAmycle<br />
EchetraWeyrauchiaEpiscius<br />
AmerzannaCalyptoproctus Paralystra<br />
Flatolystra EnhydriaDilobura<br />
64<br />
65<br />
67<br />
66<br />
69<br />
68<br />
Poblicia Scaralis<br />
Lystra Learcha<br />
Matacosa Alphina
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> -- molecules + morphology<br />
Taxonomic sampling<br />
69 ingroup taxa + 10 outgroups<br />
Morphological data -- 110 characters<br />
Characters and states developed from literature on<br />
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> and other planthopper families<br />
Molecular data -- ~ 5000 bp<br />
18S rDNA ~1,900 bp<br />
28S rDNA ~2,200 bp<br />
Histone 3 ~ 350bp<br />
Wingless ~ 350bp<br />
COI ~ 500bp
Australia<br />
+ PNG<br />
Africa + Asia<br />
NW<br />
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Rhaphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.1<br />
Dictyophara sp.2<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Rentinusdilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
Penthicodes farinosa<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes atomaria<br />
Druentia sicca<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Stalubra brunnea<br />
Enhydria tessellata<br />
Odontopera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora cearensis<br />
Fulgora castresii<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictusquinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Episciusboliviana<br />
Episciusguianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus<br />
Neocynthus sp.<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Calyptoproctussp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Flatolystra distincta<br />
Flatolystra verrucosa<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Bayesian analysis<br />
Zanna placed outside of<br />
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Monophyletic New World<br />
lineage<br />
2 Old World lineages?
Australia<br />
+ PNG<br />
Africa + Asia<br />
NW<br />
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Rhaphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.1<br />
Dictyophara sp.2<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Rentinusdilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
Penthicodes farinosa<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes atomaria<br />
Druentia sicca<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Stalubra brunnea<br />
Enhydria tessellata<br />
Odontopera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora cearensis<br />
Fulgora castresii<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictusquinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Episciusboliviana<br />
Episciusguianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus<br />
Neocynthus sp.<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Calyptoproctussp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Flatolystra distincta<br />
Flatolystra verrucosa<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa
<strong>Fulgoridae</strong> II (Urban & Cryan, in progress)<br />
Increasing taxonomic sampling<br />
13 genera new to data set<br />
40 species new to data set<br />
Reworking some morphological characters<br />
Objective: Basis for revised classification
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
Increased sampling of Zanna
Bothriocera eborea<br />
Oecleus sp.<br />
Tropidocephala sp.<br />
Zanna sp.1<br />
Zanna sp.2<br />
Zanna sp.3<br />
Raphiophora sp.<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Dictyophara sp.<br />
undet. Dictyopharidae<br />
Rhynchomitra microrhina<br />
Hyalodictyon sp.<br />
Lappida sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops sp.<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.1<br />
Penthicodes pulchella<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Rentinus dilatatus<br />
Eurinopsyche obscurata<br />
Birdantis blotei<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Stalubra sp.<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Fulgora sp.2<br />
Fulgora sp.1<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictus quinquepartitus<br />
Enchophora nigromaculata<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.1<br />
Enchophora sanguinea var.2<br />
Artacie dufouri<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Calyptoproctus sp.<br />
Paralystra florenciana<br />
Pterodictya reticularis<br />
Phenax variegata<br />
Episcius boliviana<br />
Episcius guianensis<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Echetra nebulosa<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 1<br />
Neocynthus crassus var. 2<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Sinuala tuberculata<br />
Copidocephala guttata<br />
Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Flatolystra sp.2<br />
Dilobura conspurcata<br />
Enhydria sp.<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Learcha sponsa<br />
Matacosa miscella<br />
Scaralis semilimpida<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Scaralis sp.2<br />
Scaralis sp.3<br />
Cixiidae<br />
Delphacidae<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
Increased sampling of Zanna<br />
Increased sampling within<br />
Dictyopharidae<br />
Increased Old World<br />
sampling (3 genera)<br />
Increased sampling within<br />
genera
Endosymbionts<br />
Within <strong>Fulgoridae</strong> and Dictyopharidae<br />
Sulcia muelleri<br />
NW<br />
Aphrophora quadrinotata<br />
Clastoptera arizonana<br />
Scolops sulcipes<br />
Scolops sp.<br />
Dictyophara sp.1<br />
Dictyophara sp.2<br />
Rhaphiophora sp.<br />
Zanna sp.<br />
Xosophara sp.<br />
Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
Rentinusdilatatu s<br />
Desudaba danae<br />
Saiva nodata<br />
Pyrops intricata<br />
Penthicodes sp.2<br />
Anecphora torrida<br />
Druentia sicca<br />
Kalidasa lanata<br />
undet. <strong>Fulgoridae</strong><br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Poblicia fuliginosa<br />
Lystra lanata<br />
Alphina glauca<br />
Alphina glauca (2)<br />
Scaralis sp.1<br />
Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
Amerzanna peruana<br />
Amycle vernalis<br />
Flatolystra sp.1<br />
Weyrauchia fulminea<br />
Episciusguianensis<br />
Episciusboliviana<br />
Enchophora rosacea<br />
Enchophora stillifera<br />
Odontoptera carrenoi<br />
Odontoptera toulgoeti<br />
Diareusa annularis<br />
Aphrodisias cacica<br />
Diareusa imitatrix<br />
Cathedra serrata<br />
Phrictus tripartitus<br />
Phrictusquinquepartitus<br />
Phrictus regalis<br />
Fulgora laternaria<br />
Enchophora sanguinea<br />
Echetra modesta<br />
Aracynthus sanguineus<br />
Neocynthus sp.<br />
Stalubra brunnea<br />
Enhydria tessellata<br />
? -proteobacteria<br />
? Zanna sp.1<br />
? Xosophara sp.<br />
? Neolieftinckana fuscata<br />
? Druentia sicca<br />
? Echetra nebulosa<br />
? Echetra modesta<br />
? Lystra lanata<br />
? Copidocephala viridiguttata<br />
? Enhydria tessellata<br />
? Cathedra serrata<br />
? Phrictus tripartitus<br />
? Phrictus regalis<br />
? Diareusa imitatrix<br />
? Diareusa annularis<br />
? Cyrpoptus suavis<br />
? Paralystra florenciana<br />
? Flatolystra distincta<br />
? Scaralis sp.2<br />
? Scaralis sp.3<br />
? Aracynthus sanguineus
Other Lineages?<br />
(Moran et al., 2005)
Sulcia in Delphacidae?<br />
loss of<br />
Sulcia<br />
(Buchner, 1965)
New Rentinus species<br />
Collected by Simon lab -- Australia
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