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34 ,fdidsf rfhlbjkjubf 11.5±6.3 versus 56.0±17.3 pg/mL for II versus DD genotype, respectively; PID and DD>II; P
,fdidsf rfhlbjkjubf release in BNP. However, in the present study, no relationship between the exercise-induced increase in IL-6 or other exercise-induced im-mune reactions and the release in NTproBNP was found. Consequently, other reasons for the exercise-induced release of BNP in healthy athletes have to be considered. Owing to the increase in cardiac work and arterial blood pressure during exercise, elevated left ventricular wall stress on cardiomyocytes could be one stimulus for the exercise-induced increase in BNP release. In addition, it has been shown that catecholamines induce an increase in the gene expression and release of BNP in vitro and in patients with sepsis. As epinephrine and norepinephrine during 4 h of cycling at an intensity of 70% individ-ual anaerobic threshold are elevated about 1.5 to 2-fold, increases in catecholamines could further explain the exercise-induced increases in BNP or NT-proBNP in healthy athletes. In conclusion, the exercise-induced immune response does not contribute to the exercise-induced increase in BNP or NT-proBNP in healthy athletes, which therefore has to be differentiated from (NT-pro)BNP elevations modulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines in cardiovascular patients with systemic inflammation. In an other article “Independent elevations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponins in endurance athletes after prolonged strenuous exercise”, Scharhag et al suggest, that the release of BNP during and after exercise may not result from myocardial damage but may have cytoprotective and growth-regulating effects. This conclusion was made after the researches “examined exercise-induced changes in NT-proBNP, cTnI, and cTnT in 105 obviously healthy endurance athletes (40 +/- 8 years) before and after prolonged strenu-ous exercise. Blood samples were taken before, 15 minutes, and 3 hours after a marathon (n = 46), a 100-km run (n = 14), and a mountain bike marathon (n = 45). RESULTS: Eighty-one of 105 athletes exceeded the upper reference limit of NTproBNP (males/females 88:153 ng/L) after exercise. NTproBNP increased in all 3 events (P
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