Libro 1.indb

Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Iberian 

Peninsula 

2. Zoogeographical analysis of the gall midge fauna 

MARCELA SKUHRAVÁ 1 , VÁCLAV SKUHRAVÝ 1 , JAVIER BLASCO-ZUMETA 2 Y 

JULI PUJADE-VILLAR 3 

1. Bítovska 1227, CZ-140 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic. 

2. C./ Hispanidad 8, E-50750 Pina de Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain. 

3. Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, Department de Biologia Animal, 

E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. 

Recibido: 15-12-2005. Aceptado: 28-04-2006 

ISSN: 0210-8984 

ABSTRACT 

The gall midge fauna of Iberian Peninsula including 261 species is analysed from the zoogeographical 

point of view. The occurrence of each species is shown in the distribution 

maps. Evaluation of the frequency: 115 species (44%) occur very scarcely, 87 species (33%) 

scarcely, 34 species (13%) medium frequently, 18 species (7%) frequently, 5 species (2%) 

very frequently. Two species (1%), viz. Phyllodiplosis cocciferae (Tavares, 1902) causing galls 

on Quercus coccifera L. and Dryomyia lichtensteinii (F. Löw, 1878) causing galls on Quercus 

ilex L. and Q. suber L. are the most frequent species of the family Cecidomyiidae in the 

Iberian Peninsula. Analysis of the overall distribution: 110 species (43%) are Mediterranean 

and sub-Mediterranean, 90 species (35%) European, 45 (17%) Euro-Siberian, 13 (5%) Holarctic. 

Dasineura gleditchiae (Osten Sacken, 1866) galling leaflets of Gleditsia triacanthos 

L. and Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt, 1926) galling vegetative tips of Vaccinium corymbosum 

L. are immigrants of the Nearctic Region. Etsuhoa sabinae (Kieffer, 1890) causing galls 

on Juniperus sabina L. and Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis Fedotova, 1992 causing galls on 

stems of Ephedra distachya L. have disjuncted Euro-Asian areas of distribution (the type 

Mediterraneo-Turanian). Kochiomyia kochiae (Kieffer, 1909), the Pontic-Pannonian species 

causing galls on Bassia prostrata (L.) Beck in Rchb. (= Kochia prostrata L.) reaches in the 

Iberian Peninsula as the most western limits of its distribution area. 38 species are endemic 

to the Iberian Peninsula for the present time. The actualized list of host plants attacked by 

gall midges is given. Macrolabis brunellae Rübsaamen, 1921, and Macrolabis ruebsaameni 

Hedicke, 1938, are new synonyms of Macrolabis brunellae Tavares, 1907. Contarinia silenei 

Tavares, 1916, is a new synonym of Contarinia steini (Karsch, 1881). Echinospartum 

ibericum Rivas Mart., Sánchez Mata & Sancho (= E. lusitanicum L., = Genista lusitanica 

L.) (not Retama sphaerocarpa Bss., = Spartium sphaerocarpum L.) is the correct host plant 

of Spartiomyia martinsi (Tavares, 1902). Artemisia herba-alba Asso (not Ambrosia sp.) is 

the correct host plant of Rhopalomyia ambrosinae Gagné, 2004. 

Key words: zoogeography, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Iberian Peninsula. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

94 

M. SKUHRAVÁ, V. SKUHRAVÝ, J. BLASCO-ZUMETA y J. PUJADE-VILLAR 

RESUMEN 

Cecidómidos (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) de la Península Ibérica. 2. Análisis zoogeográfico. 

Se analiza desde un punto de vista zoogeográfico la fauna de cecidómidos de la Península 

Ibérica, con un total de 261 especies tratadas. La localización de las citas de cada especie 

se muestra en los mapas de de distribución, con la siguiente estima de abundancia: 115 

especies (44%) pueden considerarse como muy raras, 87 especies (33%) raras, 34 especies 

(13%) comunes, 18 especies (7%) abundantes, 5 especies (2%) muy abundantes. Dos especies 

(1% viz.) Phyllodiplosis cocciferae (Tavares, 1902) con agallas en Quercus coccifera L. y 

Dryomyia lichtensteinii (F. Löw, 1878) con agallas en Quercus ilex L., Q. suber L. son las 

especies de cecidómidos más abundantes de la Península Ibérica. El análisis de la corología de 

las especies tratadas muestra que 110 especies (43%) son mediterráneas y submediterráneas, 

90 especies (35%) son europeas, 45 (17%) euro-siberianas, 13 (5%) holárticas. Dasineura 

gleditchiae (Osten Sacken, 1866) con agallas en las hojas de Gleditsia triacanthos L. y 

Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt, 1926) con agallas en las yemas de Vaccinium corymbosum L. son 

introducciones de origen neártico. Etsuhoa sabinae (Kieffer, 1890) con agallas en Juniperus 

sabina L. y Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis Fedotova, 1992 con agallas en Ephedra distachya 

L. tienen una corología euro-asiática (tipo mediterráneo-turaniano). Kochiomyia kochiae 

(Kieffer, 1909), una especie póntico-panoniano con agallas en Kochia prostrata L. tiene su 

límite occidental de distribución en la Península Ibérica. Hasta donde conocemos 38 species 

son endémicas de la Península Ibérica. Se presenta la lista actualizada de plantas atacadas 

por cecidómidos. Macrolabis brunellae Rübsaamen, 1921y Macrolabis ruebsaameni Hedicke, 

1938, son nuevas sinonimias de Macrolabis brunellae Tavares, 1907. Contarinia silenei 

Tavares, 1916, es una nueva sinonimia de Contarinia steini (Karsch, 1881). Echinospartum 

ibericum Rivas Mart., Sánchez Mata & Sancho (= E. lusitanicum L., = Genista lusitanica 

L.) (not Retama sphaerocarpa Bss., = Spartium sphaerocarpum L.) es la correcta planta 

huésped de Spartiomyia martinsi (Tavares, 1902). Artemisia herba-alba Asso (no Ambrosia 

sp.) es la planta huésped correcta de Rhopalomyia ambrosinae Gagné, 2004. 

Palabras clave: zoogeografía, Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, España, Portugal, Andorra, Península 

Ibérica. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Cecidomyiidae, called gall midges, belong to one of the most 

speciose families of Diptera. GAGNÉ (2004) gave 5451 species and 598 

genera of living and fossil gall midges in the world. About 1700 species 

in 270 genera occur in Europe. The family is recently classified in 

four subfamilies, viz. Catotrichinae (non-European; 7 species in eastern 

Asia and Australia), Lestremiinae (230 species in Europe), Porricondylinae 

(290 species in Europe) and Cecidomyiinae (1170 species in Europe) 

(SKUHRAVÁ, 1986; JASCHHOF 2000). The Catotrichinae, Lestremiinae 

and Porricondylinae involve saprophagous or mycophagous species. Their 

larvae develop in decaying organic matter, in mouldy plants and rotten 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

GALL MIDGES (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA 95 

wood, under the bark of trees, in mushrooms or in cones of conifers. The 

Cecidomyiinae include phytophagous, zoophagous or mycophagous species. 

Many phytophagous larvae are gall makers inducing galls on various plants 

but some live free in flower heads or in stems of plants, without making 

galls. Some phytophagous species are serious pests of cultivated plants and 

forest trees but, on the other hand, several phytophagous species are used 

in biological control of weeds. Larvae of some species live as inquilines in 

galls of other gall midges or other insects. Zoophagous larvae are predators 

of other gall midges, aphids, mites, coccids, or other small arthropods. 

Some of them are used in biological control of pests. Several species are 

endoparasites of aphids, psyllids and tingids. The biology of many species 

is completely unknown (SKUHRAVÁ et al., 1984; GAGNÉ 1989, 1994; 

HARRIS 1994, 2004). 

Adults are usually small flies, 0.5 – 8 mm long, with long antennae and 

with wing veins reduced in number. Larvae are generally elongate-cylindrical, 

sometimes coloured. They have on the ventral side of the prothoracic 

segment a sclerotised structure, the sternal spatula, which is found only in 

the Cecidomyiidae and, although it has often been secondarily lost, is a 

synapomorphy indicating that the family is monophyletic. Its characteristic 

shape is of importance in the identification of species and genera. 

Gall midge species which were described or recorded in the territory of 

Spain, Portugal and Andorra in the period 1900-1996 and were mentioned 

in many scattered papers, were summarized in the article of SKUHRAVÁ et 

al. (1996) where also the history of gall midge researchers is described and 

the list of host plant species attacked by gall midge species together with 

complete bibliography is given. That work was dedicated to the memory of the 

great Portuguese entomologist, Prof. Joaquim da Silva Tavares (1866-1931), 

the member of the Order Jesus, who published many papers dealing with 

gall midges (Cecidomyiidae) and gall wasps (Cynipidae) and is the founder 

of the cecidological studies in the Iberian Peninsula. Detailed biographical 

data and the list of the scientific articles of J. S. Tavares may be found in 

the papers of LEITE (1931), LUISIER (1932) and HOUARD (1932). 

In the SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996) paper, the following data for each gall 

midge species were given: the host plant species, its occurrence (absence or 

presence by the sign +) in Spain, Portugal and Andorra, and the references 

to citations of authors. In 1996 we did not evaluate the gall midge fauna 

from the zoogeographical point of view and we noted that it will be done 

in an independent paper in the future. 

Above mentioned data were used in the check-list of species of the 

family Cecidomyiidae (SKUHRAVÁ et al., 2002) in the Catálogo de los 

Diptera de España, Portugal y Andorra which was prepared under the lead- 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

96 


ing of CARLES-TOLRÁ HJORTH-ANDERSEN (2002). In this catalog we 

gave also comments to species described or recorded after the year 1996. 

The importance of protection of biotops in Los Monegros where several 

gall midge species have their type localities is discussed in the article of 

SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999) in the monographical volume edited 

by MELIC & BLASCO-ZUMETA (1999). The fauna of gall midges of Mallorca 

was elaborated in an independent article (SKUHRAVÁ & SKUHRAVÝ 

2001). 

From the point of view of gall midges, the Iberian Peninsula is explored 

very unevenly. The most western part of the peninsula, the Portugal, covering 

the area of 92 082 km 2 , is the best explored area due to the activities 

of J. S. Tavares. In this part 120 gall midge species were found. The large 

area of Spain, covering the area of 504 782 km 2 , is relatively less explored 

with 229 recorded species. Most investigations were done in the northern 

part, less in the central part and practically the southern part remains quite 

unexplored. From the small area of Andorra, including 453 km 2 , which is 

situated in the most northern part of the peninsula in the Pyrenees Mountains, 

only 29 gall midge species are known; nevertheless, these numbers must 

be bigger. In addition, four new Iberian gall midge species were found in 

the herbarium collection of A. Vilarrúbia which is deposited in the Zoology 

Museum of Barcelona (BELLIDO et al., 2003). 

MATERIAL AND METHODS 

The material for this study includes 261 species of gall midge fauna of 

Iberian Peninsula which were found by various researchers during the period 

of 1900-2000. The actualized list of host plants attacked by gall midges 

is shown in this article. Usually most of these authors identified collected 

material based on galls not on adults. The shape of gall is enough reliable 

in order to recognize the gall midge species. All data are analyzed from 

the point of view of zoogeography the method of which was outlined by 

SKUHRAVÁ (1987, 1994a, 1994b, 1997b). The method includes the evaluation 

of the occurrence of species in the territory using maps (Appendix 1), 

the evaluation of frequency and the evaluation of the character of general 

distribution of the species in the Palaearctic Region. The nomenclature of gall 

midge species is based on SKUHRAVÁ (1986, 1989, 1997a), JASCHHOF 

(1998) and GAGNÉ (2004). We add the recent synonymic names proposed 

by GAGNÉ (2004) and the synonymies in some conflictive names of species 

according to the old bibliography, as it is the case of Janetia panteli (Kieffer, 

1909), for example. The nomenclature of host plant species is based on 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


TUTIN et al. (1964-1980) and CASTROVIEJO et al. (1986-2005). We also 

add the currently synonymic plant names used in some cases in the Iberian 

bibliography. Finally, some new data dealing with Cecidomyiidae and their 

presence in Spain, Portugal and Andorra were mentioned in SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996) without mentioning the localities. In this paper we add these 

and also new data. 

RESULTS 

Annotated list of species 

For each species, the following data are given: valid name of the gall 

midge species, synonyms, short description of the gall or the biology, the 

host plant species and its family, the type of occurrence with the reference 

to the map on the figs 1- 135 given in the Appendix 1, references to authors 

and the general type of distribution with the note if the species is endemic 

to the Iberian Peninsula. To express the occurrence of the species, we use 

the following terms: very scarce, scarce, medium frequent, frequent, very 

frequent and the most frequent. 

We add for each species the precise localities not mentioned in SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996), the new records (if the species is mentioned for the first time 

from Andorra) and several new findings (when the species was mentioned 

anteriorly in Spain or Andorra but this mention represents the first record 

in a Spanish’s province). 

Subfamily: Cecidomyiinae 

Acodiplosis pulicariae Kieffer, 1913 

Larvae cause galls on leaves of Pulicaria odora Rchb. (Asteraceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 1). Reference: TAVARES (1931). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Ametrodiplosis auripes (F. Löw, 1888) 

Larvae cause galls on underground parts of stems on Galium mollugo (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 1); Malla (Barcelona, 1937), leg. A. Vilarrúbia. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et 

al. (2002), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Ametrodiplosis nivea Tavares, 1916 

Larvae live in flower bud galls of Macrolabis brunellae Tav. on Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 2). References: TAVARES (1916a, 1919), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Ametrodiplosis thalictricola (Rübsaamen, 1895) 

Larvae change into galls the fruits of Thalictrum flavum (= T. glaucum Desf.) (Ranuncu- 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

98 


laceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 2). References: TAVARES (1903, 1905a, 1916a), 

COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Arceuthomyia valerii (Tavares, 1904) 

Rhopalomyia valerii Tavares, 1904 

Larvae cause large pear-shaped galls on Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 3); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1983-1986, new finding), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1904a, 1905a, 1919), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et 

al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Arnoldiola quercus (Binnie, 1877) 

Arnoldia quercina Tavares, 1920 

Larvae live among young leaves in rosette-like deformations of the growing tips of Quercus 

robur L., Q. pubescens Willd. (= Q. humilis Mill.) and Q. faginea Lam. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 3); La Massana (Andorra, 1992) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES 

(1920, 1922), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Arthrocnodax vitis Rübsaamen, 1895 

Larvae are predators of eriophyid mites Colomerus vitis (Pag.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) on 

leaves of Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 4). References: OCETE 

& SKUHRAVÁ (1995), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia adenocarpi Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause galls on vegetative tips of shoots of Adenocarpus telonensis (Lois.), A. complicatus 

(L.) J. Gay in Durieui (= A. intermedius DC) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 4). 

References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1916a), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean, 

endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Asphondylia borzi (Stefani, 1898) 

Larvae cause galls on buds or fruits of Rhamnus alaternus L. (Rhamnaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 5). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia calycotomae (Kieffer in Houard, 1912) 

Larvae cause large galls on buds or on pods of Calycotome spinosa (L.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 5); La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1989) and Matadepera (Barcelona, 1991) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia conglomerata Stefani, 1900 

Larvae cause large galls up 40 mm long on Atriplex halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 6). References: TAVARES (1931), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), 

SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia coronillae (Vallot, 1828) 

Larvae cause galls on buds and pods of of Emerus major Hill. (= Coronilla emerus L.) 

and C. minima L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 6). References: VILLARÚBIA 

(1936), BELLIDO et al (2003). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia cytisi Frauenfeld, 1873 

Larvae cause galls on buds and pods of Cytisus multiflorus (L´Her.) Sweet (= C. albus Link.) 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


(Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 7). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1909, 1921). 

Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Asphondylia dorycnii (Müller, 1870) 

Larvae cause galls on buds at vegetative tip of Dorycnium gracile Jord. (= D. herbaceum 

Vill. subsp. gracile Jord.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 7); Matadepera (Barcelona, 

1984, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1921), VILARRÚBIA 

(1936), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia ervi Rübsaamen, 1896 

Larvae cause galls on pods of Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray and V. cracca L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 8). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a: incorrectly as Asphondylia 

melanopus). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Asphondylia genistae (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause swellings on pods of Genista falcata Brot. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 8). 

References: TAVARES (1907a, 1909), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Asphondylia melanopus Kieffer, 1890) 

Larvae cause swellings on pods of Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 9). 

References: TAVARES (1902b, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Asphondylia menthae Kieffer, 1901 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (= M. rotundifolia 

(L.) Huds.), M. spicata L. (= M. viridis L.) and M. pulegium L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: 

frequent (Fig. 9). References: TAVARES (1907a, 1916a), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 

Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia ononidis F. Löw, 1873 

Larvae change into galls the axillar or terminal buds on Ononis tridentata L., O. natrix L. 

(= O. hispanica L.) and O. spinosa L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 10). References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), STROBL (1906). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia pterosparti Tavares, 1902 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds or axillary leaf buds on stem of Pterospartum 

tridentatum (L.) Willk. in Willk. & Lange (= Chamaespartium tridentatum L., = Pterospartium 

cantabricum Spach., = Genista tridentata L.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 10). 

References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1916a), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 

Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Asphondylia rosmarini Kieffer, 1896 

Larvae cause small pouch galls on leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 11); La Retuerta (Zaragoza, 1998), leg. Blasco-Zumeta. References: 

SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia rutae Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae deform fruits of Ruta montana Clus. (Rutaceae) and change them in galls. Occurrence: 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

100 


scarce (Fig. 11); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1977, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia sarothamni Loew, 1850 

Asphondylia mayeri Liebel, 1889 

Larvae change into galls the buds and pods of Cytisus (Sarothamnus) scoparius (L.) Link. 

and C. grandiflorus Webb. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 12); Matadepera 

and Montseny (Barcelona, 1991, new findings) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES 

(1902a, 1905a), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: European. 

Asphondylia scrophulariae Schiner, 1856 

Asphondylia scrophulariae Tavares, 1907b 

Asphondylia scrophularina Tavares, 1919 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Scrophularia canina L. (Scrophulariaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 12). References: TAVARES (1907a, 1907b, 1919), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia serpylli Kieffer, 1898 

Asphondylia thymi Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Thymus sp. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 13); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990, new finding) and Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1995) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1921, 1931), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: 

European. 

Asphondylia swaedae Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae cause globular galls on stems of Suaeda vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 13). Reference: HOUARD (1913, 1918). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia tavaresi (Rübsaamen, 1916) 

Larvae cause flower bud galls on Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 14). Reference: TAVARES (1907a: as Asphondylia serpylli Kieffer). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Asphondylia ulicis Trail, 1873 

Larvae cause swollen flower buds of Ulex europaeus L. and Ulex sp. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: 

frequent (Fig. 14); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1983, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Asphondylia verbasci (Vallot, 1827) 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Verbascum nigrum L. and V. sinuatum L. (Scrophulariaceae). 

Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 15). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), 

COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Baldratia salicorniae Kieffer, 1897 

Baldratia hyalina Kieffer, 1912 

Larvae cause swellings on stems of Arthrocnemum fruticosum (L.) (Chenopodiaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 16). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), COGOLLUDO (1921), 

MÖHN (1966). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Baldratia suaedae Möhn, 1969 

Larvae cause small ovoid swellings on the shoots of Suaeda vera J. F. Gmel. (Chenopodiaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 16). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & 

SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Bayeriola salicariae (Kieffer, 1888) 

Larvae change into galls axillar or terminal bud on stem of Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae). 

Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 17). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1921), 

COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Bayeriola thymicola (Kieffer, 1888) 

Larvae cause large galls on vegetative tip or axillary buds of Thymus mastichina L. (Lamiaceae) 

and other species. The gall is densely covered with hairs. Occurrence: medium frequent 

(Fig. 17); Sant Julià de Lòria and Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1994-1995) leg. Pujade-Villar. 

References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905, 1921), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), 

BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Blastodiplosis thalictricina Tavares, 1916 

Larvae live as inquilines in galls caused by Ametrodiplosis thalictricola Rübs. on Thalictrum 

flavum L. (Ranunculaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 18). References: TAVARES (1916a). 

Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Blastomyia origani (Tavares, 1902) 

Oligotrophus origani Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause large galls on Origanum virens Hffg. (Lamiaceae). The gall is formed of aggregated 

leaves. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 18). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 

1919). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Braueriella phillyreae (F. Löw, 1877) 

Larvae cause pustule galls on leaves of Phillyrea angustifolia L. and P. latifolia L. (= P. 

media L., = P. ilicifolia L.) (Oleaceae). Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 19). References: TROTTER 

(1902b), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1907b, 1907b, 1924), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILAR- 

RÚBIA (1936), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Clinodiplosis cilicrus (Kieffer, 1889) 

Alethediplosis pulchricornis Tavares,1916 

Larvae are phytosaprophagous and live in various decaying plant matter. Tavares (1916a) reared 

two females together with adults of Contarinia steini (Karsch) from galls on Silene dioica 

(L.) Clairv. (= Lychnis dioica DC.) (Caryophyllaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 20). 

References: TAVARES (1916a, 1920). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Contarinia anthobia (F. Löw, 1877) 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Crataegus monogyna Jaq. (Rosaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 20). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia camphorosmae (Tavares, 1920) 

Navasodiplosis camphorosmae Tavares, 1920 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

102 


Larvae cause ovoid leaf bud galls on stems of Camphorosma monspeliaca L. (Chenopodiaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 21). References: TAVARES (1920), COGOLLUDO (1921), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Contarinia coryli (Kaltenbach, 1859) 

Contarinia corylina F. Löw, 1878 

Larvae cause swellings on catkins of Corylus avellana L. (Corylaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 21); La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1993, new finding), leg. X. Sanz. Reference: 

COGOLLUDO (1921), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Contarinia ilicis Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae cause small galls on leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: medium 

frequent (Fig. 22); Alforja (Tarragona, 1988, new finding), Arenys de Lladó (Teruel, 1988, 

new finding), Balaguer (Lleida, 1988, new finding), Caldes de Malavella (Girona, 1994, new 

finding), Matadepera (Barcelona, 1980, new finding), Navàs (Barcelona, 1997, new finding), 

Juverri, Sant Julià de Lòria and Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1989-1992), leg. Pujade-Villar. 

References: TROTTER (1902a), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921), COGOLLUDO (1921), 

VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Contarinia lamii Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae live between deformed leaves of Lamium maculatum L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 22). References: TAVARES (1905a, 1920), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 

European. 

Contarinia loti (De Geer, 1776) 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Lotus corniculatus L., L. uliginosus L. and L. 

pedunculatus Cav. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 23); Santa Coloma (Andorra, 

1995) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1921), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia luteola Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause small cylindrical galls on branches of Quercus ilex L. and Q. coccifera L. 

(Fagaceae). Occurrence: very frequent (Fig. 23); Alforja (Tarragona, 1988, new finding), 

Arenys de Lladó (Teruel, 1988, new finding), Balaguer (Lleida, 1988, new finding), Caldes 

de Malavella (Girona, 1994, new finding), Matadepera (Barcelona, 1980, new finding), Mura 

(Barcelona, 1983, new finding), Bixessarri, Juberri, San Julià de Lòria, Santa Coloma (Andorra, 

1992-1995), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a), VENTALLÓ 

(1905), HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. 


Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer, 1888) 

Diplosis ruderalis Kieffer, 1890 

Contarinia pontevedrensis Tavares, 1916 

Contarinia gallaica Tavares, 1916 

Contarinia tudensis Tavares, 1916 

Larvae change into galls the flower buds of Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser (= Nasturtium 

palustre DC), Raphanus raphanistrum L. (= R. sylvestris Lam.), Brassica napus L., Erucastrum 

incanum Koch (Brassicaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 24). References: TAVARES 

(1916a, 1916b, 1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Contarinia petioli (Kieffer, 1898) 

Larvae cause swellings on the leaf petioles of Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 24); Montseny (Barcelona, 1992, new finding), leg. M. Boada. Reference: 


Contarinia pimpinellae Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause fusiform swellings on stems of Pimpinella villosa Schousb. (Apiaceae). Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 25). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1919), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Contarinia piri Tavares, 1922 

Larvae change in galls the flower buds of Pyrus communis pyraster L. (Rosaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 25); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1988, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

TAVARES (1922). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Contarinia quercina (Rübsaamen, 1890) 

Contarinia quaesita Tavares, 1916 

Larvae develop among deformed young leaves of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 26). References: TAVARES (1916a, 1922, 1931), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia rumicina (Tavares, 1919) 

Atylodiplosis rumicina Tavares, 1919 

Larvae develop in male flowers of Rumex acetosella L. (Polygonaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 26). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian 

Peninsula, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Contarinia rumicis (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae develop in flower buds of Rumex acetosella L. (Polygonaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 27). Reference: TAVARES (1905a). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia scoparii (Rübsaamen, 1889) 

Larvae cause small swellings at the tip of young stem of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link and 

C. grandiflorus Webb. (Fabaceae). The gall is formed of one chamber where a solitary larva 

develops. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 27). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 

1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia scrophulariae Kieffer, 1896 

Larvae change in galls the flower buds of Scrophularia schousboei Lge. (Scrophulariaceae). 

The species was originally described on adults obtained from galls on Scrophularia nodosa 

L. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 28). References: TAVARES (1903, 1905a). Distribution: European. 

Contarinia steini (Karsch, 1881) 

Contarinia silenei Tavares, 1916, new synonym 

Tavares (1916a) described C. silenei and informed that the larvae change in galls the flower 

buds of Silene sp. (Caryophyllaceae). Later Tavares (1919) gave a precision that the larvae 

of C. silenei develop in flower buds of Melandrium pratense Rocling (= Lychnis dioica DC), 

not in galls on Silene which he gave in the original description of his species (Tavares, 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

104 


1916a). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 28). References: TAVARES (1916a, 1919), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Contarinia tiliarum (Kieffer, 1890) 

Larvae cause swellings on flower stalks, leaf petioles and young twigs of Tilia platyphyllos 

Scop. and T. cordata Mill. (Tiliaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 29). Reference: 


Contarinia viticola Rübsaamen, 1906 

Larvae change in galls the flower buds of Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 29); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990, 1995) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Craneiobia corni (Giraud, 1863) 

Larvae cause large hard galls on leaves of Cornus sanguinea L. (Cornaceae). The gall is 

hemispherical on the upper side and nosy elongated on the lower side. Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 30). La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1993, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Cystiphora sanguinea (Bremi, 1847) 

Cecidomyia hieracii F. Löw, 1874 

Larvae cause pustule leaf galls on Hieracium pilosella L. var. pulchellum Sch. (Asteraceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 30); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1992, new finding) leg. Pujade- 

Villar. Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) 

Cecidomyia sonchi Bremi, 1847 

Larvae cause pustule leaf galls on Sonchus oleraceus L. and S. tenerrimus L. (Asteraceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 31). References: TROTTER (1902b), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 

Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura acrophila (Winnertz, 1853) 

Larvae produce pod-like galls on young leaflets of Fraxinus excelsior L. and F. angustifolia 

Vahl. (Oleaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 31); Montseny (Barcelona, 1990, new 

finding), Engolasters and Sispony (Andorra, 1992, 1993), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura affinis (Kieffer, 1886) 

Larvae cause galls on Viola odorata L. and V. canina L. (Violaceae). The gall is rolled and 

thickened leaf margin mainly on very young leaves. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 32); 

Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990, new finding), Engolasters and Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1995) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1909, 1921, 1931), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura alyssi (Kieffer, 1901) 

Larvae cause ovoid or fusiform swellings on stems of Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. (= A. calycinum 

L.). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 33). References: LÁZARO (1915), COGOLLUDO 

(1921), TAVARES (1924). Distribution: European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Dasineura andrieuxi (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae change into galls terminal or axial buds on stem of Halimium calycinum (L.) K. Koch 

(= H. commutatum Pau, = H. libanotis (L.) Lge) (Cistaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 33). 

References: TAVARES (1902c, 1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura aparines (Kieffer, 1889) 

Larvae cause large galls on the growing tips of Galium aparine L. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 34); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura asparagi (Tavares, 1902) 

Perrisia asparagi Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause galls at tips of young branches of Asparagus aphyllus L. (Liliaceae). The 

thorns remain small, are swollen and adpressed to swollen shortened stem. Under the deformed 

thorns one white larva develops. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 34). References: 

TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic 

to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Dasineura asperulae (F. Löw, 1875) 

Larvae cause rounded whitish spongy swellings on stems of Asperula cynanchica L. and A. 

cynanchica ssp. aristata L. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 35). References: TAVARES 

(1902a, 1905a), VILARRÚBIA (1936), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura axillaris (Kieffer, 1896) 

Red larvae cause axillary bud galls on stems of Trifolium medium L. (Fabaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 32). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002), BELLIDO et al. 


Dasineura bragancae (Tavares, 1904) 

Larvae cause large leaf galls on Thalictrum flavum (L.) (= T. glaucum Desf.) (Ranunculaceae). 

The gall of the size of a plum is formed of many small deformed leaves, inside with many 

larvae which pupate there in white cocoons. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 35). References: 

TAVARES (1904a, 1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Dasineura broteri (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae cause oval or cone-shaped galls on Erica ciliaris L. (Ericaceae). The gall is formed 

of many scale-shaped leaves and is similar to the gall of Dasineura ericaescopariae. Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 36). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1919), 

HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura brunellae (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia brunellae Kieffer, 1909 

Red larvae live between two erected leaves at the vegetative tip of Prunella vulgaris L. 

(Lamiaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 36). Reference: TAVARES (1920). Distribution: 

European. 

Dasineura capsulae (Kieffer, 1901) 

Larvae produce hard galls on the growing points of Euphorbia cyparissias L. and E. nicaeen- 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

106 


sis All. (Euphorbiaceae). Inside the gall is a chamber where many larvae develop together. 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 37). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a), BELLIDO et al. 


Dasineura cerastii (Binnie, 1877) 

Orange coloured larvae develop between leaves at shoot tips of Cerastium glomeratum 

Thuill. 

and C. fontanum Baunig. (= C. triviale Lk.) (Caryophyllaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 37). Reference: TAVARES (1905a). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura coronillae (Tavares, 1902) 

Red larvae cause irregular agglomeration of swollen leaves at vegetative tips of Coronilla 

valentina L. (= C. glauca L.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 38). References: TAVARES 

(1902a, 1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Dasineura crataegi (Winnertz, 1853) 

Larvae produce terminal rosette galls on Crataegus monogyna Jaq. (Rosaceae). Among 

deformed leaves many orange larvae develop. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 38). References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1930, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARÚBIA (1936), 


Dasineura daphnes (Kieffer, 1901) 

Larvae cause globular leaf galls on shoots of Daphne gnidium L. (Thymelaeaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 39); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1989) and Sant Celoni (Barcelona, 1995) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura dioicae (Rübsaamen, 1895) 

Larvae cause galls on Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae). The leaf margin is thickened and curled 

loosely upwards, inside with yellowish white larvae. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 39); 

Matadepera (Barcelona, 1988) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). 

Distribution: European. 

Dasineura elegans (Tavares, 1907) 

Larvae cause rosette leaf galls at tips of branches of Erica umbellata L. and E. australis L. 

(Ericaceae). Inside the gall is one chamber with only one yellow larva. Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 40). References: TAVARES (1907a, 1907b, 1909, 1920). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Dasineura ericaescopariae (Dufour, 1837) 

Larvae cause large galls at tips of shoots of Erica scoparia L., E. arborea L. and E. erigena 

R. Ross (Ericaceae). The gall consists of many shortehed thickened leaves. Inside the gall 

many larvae develop. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 40); La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1993, 

new finding). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921), HOUARD (1918), COGOL- 

LUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), PUJADE-VILLAR (1981), BELLIDO et al. (2003). 

Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura erodiicola Sylvén, 1993 

Larvae develop on Erodium moschatum (L.) Ĺ Hérit. (Geraniaceae). They develop gregariously 

on the ovary or fruits, preferably or exclusively in the furrows separating the carpels or 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


mericarp. This species was described by E. Sylvén from the type-locality Algarve, Albufeira 

in Portugal. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 41). Reference: SYLVÉN & TASTAS-DUQUE 


Dasineura fraxini (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause swellings of the mid-vein on the leaflets of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 41); Engolasters and Sispony (Andorra, 1992-1993), Matadepera 

(Barcelona, 1980) and Montseny (Barcelona, 1995), leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ 


Dasineura galiicola (F. Löw, 1880) 

Larvae form artichoke-shaped galls on Galium uliginosum L. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 42); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1987) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura gleditchiae (Osten Sacken, 1866) 

Larvae change into galls the leaflets of Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Caesalpiniaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 42). Reference: ESTAL et al. (1998). Distribution: Nearctic, immigrant 

in Europe. 

Dasineura halimii (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae change terminal or axillar leaf buds in fusiform galls on Halimium ocymoides (Lam.) 

Willk. in Willk. & Lange (= H. heterophyllum Spach) and H. alyssoides (Lam.) (= H. occidentale 

WK) (Cistaceae). Each gall with solitary red larva. Occurrence: medium frequent 

(Fig. 43). References: TAVARES (1902d, 1905a, 1909, 1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 


Dasineura herminii (Tavares, 1902) 

Orange coloured larvae cause globular galls on stem tips of Halimium alyssoides (Lam.) (= 

Halimium occidentale WK) (Cistaceae). The gall is formed of many deformed leaves and is 

inhabited by many larvae. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 43). References: TAVARES 

(1902d, 1905a, 1909, 1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic 


Dasineura hygrophila (Mik, 1883) 

Larvae produce globular leaf galls on growing points of Galium debile Desv. (= G. palustre 

L.), G. elodes Hoffgg. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 44). References: TAVARES 

(1902b, 1905a). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura hyperici (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause leaf bud galls on Hypericum undulatum Schousb. (Hypericaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 44). Reference: TAVARES (1902a). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura ilicis (Tavares, 1919) 

Perrisia ilicis Tavares, 1919 

Larvae live on leaves of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae), probably as inquilines or comensals of 

larvae of Contarinia luteola Tav. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 45). References: TAVARES (1919, 

1920). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

108 


Dasineura kiefferi (Marchal, 1896) 

Larvae change in galls the flower buds of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 45). Matadepera (Barcelona, 1979) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ 


Dasineura lithospermi (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause rosette leaf galls on Lithospermum officinale L. (Boraginaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 46). References: TAVARES (1931), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: 


Dasineura mali (Kieffer, 1904) 

Larvae cause galls on Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. (= Pyrus malus L.) (Rosaceae). The gall 

is rolled leaf margin. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 46); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1980) leg. 

Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura mariae Sylvén, 1993 

Larvae develop in pod-like folded leaflets of Erophaca baetica (L.) Boiss. (= Astragalus 

lusitanicus Lam.) (Fabaceae). It is still not known whether these larvae are gall producers 

or inquilines. This species was described based on material from the type-locality: Sierra 

Blanca, Ojén (Málaga, Spain). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 47). Reference: SYLVÉN & 

TASTAS-DUQUE (1993). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Dasineura medicaginis (Bremi, 1847) 

Cecidomyia ignorata Wachtl, 1884 

Larvae produce leaf bud galls on Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 47). References: TAVARES (1931), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), 

SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura odoratae Stelter, 1982 

Larvae cause galls on Viola odorata L. (Violaceae). Galls are formed of loose, fleshy swollen 

and delicate rolled leaf margins. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 48); Matadepera (Barcelona, 

1982) and Montseny (Barcelona, 1991) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. 


Dasineura oleae (F. Löw, 1885) 

Larvae cause oval galls on leaves of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae). Inside a chamber with 

yellow larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 48). Reference: TAVARES (1931). Distribution: 


Dasineura oxyacanthae (Rübsaamen, 1914) 

Dasyneura oyensis Tavares, 1922 

Larvae develop in swollen flower buds of Crataegus monogyna Jaq. (Rosaceae). It is not 

quite clear wheather this species is a gall producer or an inquiline in galls caused by Contarinia 

anthobia (F. Löw). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 49). Reference: TAVARES (1922). 


Dasineura panteli (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia? panteli Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae cause galls in the form of an unregular fold along the side leaf vein on Quercus 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (Fagaceae). Kieffer (1909) described this species very 

briefly based on the shape of the gall which was found in Spain (without giving the name 

of the locality). He named the species after the finder, R. P. Pantel, who lived in Mérida 

(Badajoz, Spain) and evidently sent galls to J. J. Kieffer for identification. Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 49). Reference: TAVARES (1920). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura periclymeni (Rübsaamen, 1889) 

Larvae cause marginal leaf rolls of Lonicera periclymenum L. (Caprifoliaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 50). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura plicatrix (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae change in galls young leaves of Rubus caesius L. (Rosaceae) and Rubus spp. Attacked 

leaves are unregularly twisted, folded along veins and deformed. Occurrence: very frequent 

(Fig. 50) ; Caldes de Malavella and Figueres (Girona, 1991, new findings), Cornudella 

(Tarragona, 1996, new finding), Matadepera and Bellaterra (Barcelona, 1989-1994, new 

findings), Montseny (Barcelona, 1991, new finding), Olot (Girona, 1997), Tàrrega (Lleida, 

2004, new finding), Rubielos de Mora (Teruel, 1999, new finding), Sispony (Andorra, 

2003, new record), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1931). 


Dasineura populeti (Rübsaamen, 1889) 

Larvae cause galls in form of rolled leaf margins on Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 51). Reference: TAVARES (1931). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura pteridis (Müller, 1871) 

Cecidomyia filicina Kieffer, 1889 

Larvae cause galls on leaflets of Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn (Hypolepidaceae). The gall is 

swollen rolled leaf margin. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 51); La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona 

1993, new finding), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1903, 1905a, 1909, 

1921, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura pyri (Bouché, 1847) 

Larvae produce galls in form of swollen rolled leaf margins of Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 52). Reference: TAVARES (1921). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura ranunculi (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause cornet-shaped rolled and swollen leaves on Ranunculus repens L. (Ranunculaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 52); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1994) and Montseny (Barcelona, 1995) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura rhododendri (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia rhododendri Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae cause large bud leaf galls on Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (Ericaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 53); Vall d‘Aran (Lleida, 1979) leg. Pujade-Villar and Tristaina (Andorra, 2003, 

new record). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura rosae (Bremi, 1847) 

Cecidomyia rosarum Hardy, 1850 

Wachtliella rosarum (Hardy, 1850) 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

110 


Larvae produce galls on leaflets of Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) and Rosa spp. The leaflet 

is folded along the vein and larvae develop in a chamber inside. Occurrence: very frequent 

(Fig. 53); Caldes de Malavella (Girona, 1991, new finding), Cornudella (Tarragona, 1996, 

new finding), Matadepera (Barcelona, 1989-1994, new finding), Montseny (Barcelona, 1991, 

new finding), Poblet (Tarragona, 1988, new finding), Rubielos de Mora (Teruel, 1999, new 

finding), Vall Farrera (Lleida, 1988, new finding), Aixovall, Bixessari, La Comella, Escaldes, 

La Cortinada, Santa Coloma, Sant Julià de Lòria, La Massana, Sispony (Andorra, 1989-1995). 

References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1921, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921), BELLIDO et al. 


Dasineura rosmarini (Tavares, 1902) 

Dasyneura rosmarini Tavares, 1902 

Perrisia rosmarini (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae change in galls flower buds of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 54). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1916a, 1922), COGOLLUDO (1921). 


Dasineura rufescens (Stefani, 1898) 

Larvae cause fusiform swellings of branches on Phillyrea angustifolia L. and P. latifolia 

L. (= P. media L.) (Oleaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 54). References: TAVARES (1902a, 

1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura sampaina (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae cause ovoid galls on vegetative tips of Linum usitatissimum L. ssp. angustifolium 

(L.) Huds. (Linaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 55). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a). 


Dasineura scorpii (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia? scorpii Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae cause globular galls on terminal or axial buds of Genista scorpius (L.) DC (Fabaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 55); Los Monegros (Zaragoza, 1995-1996), leg. Blasco-Zumeta, 

Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÝ & 

SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura serotina (Winnertz, 1853) 

Larvae produce leaf bud galls on Hypericum pulchrum L. and H. linariifolium Vahl. Inside 

galls white larvae develops. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 56). References: TAVARES (1914, 

1921). Distribution: European. 

Dasineura sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803) 

Larvae cause whitish spongy swellings on flower buds of Sisymbrium irio L. (Brassicaceae). 

D. sisymbrii was originally described as causing galls on Nasturtium sylvestre L. (now correctly 

Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess.). D. sisymbrii causes galls on various Brassicaceae but 

it is not possible to exclude that another gall midge species on Sisymbrium irio develops. 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 56). References: COGOLLUDO (1921), TAVARES (1924). Distribution: 

European. 

Dasineura squamosa (Tavares, 1919) 

Perrisia squamosa Tavares, 1919 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Larvae develop in atrophied acorns of Quercus robur L. and Q. lusitanica Lam. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 57). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura teucrii (Tavares, 1903) 

Larvae cause terminal leaf bud galls on Teucrium scorodonia L., T. lusitanicum Lam. and 

T. salviastrum Schreber (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 57). References: TAVARES 

(1903, 1905a, 1909, 1916a, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura tiliae (Schrank, 1803) 

Cecidomyia tiliamvolvens Rübsaamen, 1889 

Larvae cause galls in form of rolled leaf margins on Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (Tiliaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 58); Guimerà (Lleida, 2001) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura trifolii (F. Löw, 1874) 

Larvae cause galls – folded leaflets of Trifolium repens L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 58). References: TROTTER (1902b), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Euro- 

Siberian. 

Dasineura trotteri (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae cause fusiform one-sided swellings on stems of Cytisus multiflorus (L´Her.) Sweet 

(= C. albus Link.), C. scoparius Koch., C. striatus (Hill) Rothm. (= C. welwitschii Bss. et 

Reut.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 59). References: TAVARES (1902d, 1905a, 

1909, 1916a), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura tubicoloides Gagné, 2004 

Cecidomyia tubicola Kieffer, 1889 

Larvae cause galls on Cytisus (Sarothamnus) scoparius L., C. striatus (Hill) Rothm. (= C. 

welwitschii B. R.), C. patens Webb. and C. grandiflorus Webb. (Fabaceae). The galls are 

formed by lateral buds which are elongate, tubular, swollen and adpressed to the stem. It 

is not quite clear if the same gall midge species occurs in galls of all mentioned host plant 

species. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 59). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1909, 1921). 


Dasineura turionum (Kieffer & Trotter, 1904) 

Larvae are known to cause galls of two forms on Asparagus acutifolius L. (Liliaceae). The 

first gall form is consisted of many deformed small swollen leaves at the tip of the shoots 

which include inside red larvae; the second form of he gall is presented by the whole shoot 

which is swollen and deformed and under each of deformed thorns one larva develops. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 60); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura ulmaria (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause small, smooth, rounded swellings on leaves of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Max. 

(Rosaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 60). References: HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO 


Dasineura ulmicola (Kieffer, 1909) 

Larvae cause small pustule galls on leaves of Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae), with openings 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

112 


on the lower side of the leaf. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 61); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1990) 

and Sant Celoni (Barcelona, 1989) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). 


Dasineura urticae (Perris, 1840) 

Larvae cause irregular pouch-like swellings on leaf blade and petioles, on stems and flower 

stalks of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 61). References: 

TROTTER (1902b), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936). 


Dasineura viciae (Kieffer, 1888) 

Whitish larvae cause galls on Vicia sepium L. and V. disperma DC (Fabaceae). The gall is 

formed of a folded leaflet. Usually all youngest leaflets are changed in galls. STELTER 

(1992) redescribed this species. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 62); Sant Julià de Lòria 

(Andorra, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1905a, 1914, 1921), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Dasineura vicicola (Tavares, 1905) 

Red larvae cause galls on Vicia angustifolia All.ssp. bobartii Koch (Fabaceae). The galls are 

formed of young folded leaflets. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 62). References: TAVARES 

(1905b, 1906, 1907a). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Dasineura vincae (Kieffer & Trotter, 1904) 

Red larvae change in large galls the terminal or axial leaf buds of Vinca minor L. (Apocyanaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 63); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1988) leg. Pujade-Villar. 

Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dasineura violae (F. Löw, 1880) 

Orange coloured larvae cause rosette leaf galls on Viola tricolor L. (Violaceae). Attacked 

leaves are deformed and densely haired. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 63); Montseny (Barcelona, 

1994) and Engolasters (Andorra, 1995) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. 


Dasineura zimmermanni (Tavares, 1902) 

A solitary red larva produces a small gall on the terminal leaf bud of Erica arborea L. 

(Ericaceea). Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 64); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1989, new finding). 

References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1916a), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA 

(1936); BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dicrodiplosis pseudococci (Felt, 1914) 

Larvae prey on Planococcus citri Risso (Coccoidea, Homoptera). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 64). 

Reference: HARRIS (1968). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dryomyia cocciferae (Marchal, 1897) 

Larvae cause pouch galls on lower side of the leaf of Quercus coccifera L. and Q. suber 

L. (Fagaceae), with an opening on the upper side of the leaf. Occurrence: very frequent 

(Fig. 65); Caldes de Malavella (Girona, 1991, new finding), Cornudella (Tarragona, 1996, 

new finding), Matadepera (Barcelona, 1989-1994, new finding), Montseny (Barcelona, 1991, 

new finding), Tàrrega (Lleida, 2004, new finding); El Toscà (Tarragona, 1988, new finding), 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TROTTER (1902), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921, 1924), 

COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Dryomyia dubia Tavares, 1916 

Biology unknown. Tavares (1916a) caught the female in March near the leaves with galls of 

Iteomyia capreae on Salix spp. and Neuroterus quercusbaccarum on caducifolious Quercus 

spp. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 65). Reference: TAVARES (1916a). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Dryomyia lichtensteinii (F. Löw, 1878) 

Larvae cause galls on leaves of Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L. (Fagaceae). The gall is ovoid, 

situated on the lower side, thick-walled, inside with one chamber and with a slit opening 

on the upper side of the leaf. Occurrence: the most frequent species found at 24 localities 

(Fig. 66); Caldes de Malavella and Figueres (Girona, 1991, new finding), Cornudella (Tarragona, 

1996, new finding), Bellaterra (Barcelona, 1989, new finding), Montseny (Barcelona, 

1991, new finding), Olot (Girona, 1997), Tàrrega (Lleida, 2004, new finding), Rubielos de 

Mora (Teruel, 1999, new finding), Cazorla (Jaén, 1996, new finding), Sierra Espuña (Murcia, 

1996 new finding), Sierra del Madero (Soria, 1996, new finding)¸ Aracena (Huelva, 1996, new 

finding), Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz, 1996, new finding), Valencia de Alcántara (Cáceres, 

1995, new finding), Pantano de Alarcón (Cuenca, 1997, new finding), Toro (Zamora, 1993, 

new finding). References: TROTTER (1902a), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), VENTALLÓ (1905), 

HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), PUJADE-VILLAR (1981), 

BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Endopsylla endogena (Kieffer, 1907) 

Larvae feed zoophagously on Stephanitis pyri F. (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Tavares sent larvae 

of S. pyri attacked by an undescribed species for description to Kieffer. Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 67). Reference: Kieffer (1907). Distribution: European, endemic to the Iberian 

Peninsula. 

Etsuhoa sabinae (Kieffer, 1890) 

Oligotrophus sabinae Kieffer, 1890 

Larvae cause large cone-shaped galls on terminal parts of shoots of Juniperus sabina L. 

(Cupressaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 67); Bellvé de Cerdanya (Lleida, 1995) leg. 

Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Asian. 

Etsuhoa thuriferae Skuhravá, 1996 

Larvae cause rounded or ovoid galls of various size at the branch tips of shoots on Juniperus 

thurifera L. (Cupressaceae). The gall includes a shortened shoot and consists of several 

shortened leaves. Only one larva develops inside the gall. Buhl (1998) and Askew et al. 

(2001) reported on several parasitoids reared from galls of E. thuriferae. Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 68). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ (1996), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Geocrypta braueri (Handlirsch, 1884) 

Geocrypta hypericina Tavares, 1919 

Larvae cause leaf bud galls on underground shoots of Hypericum pulchrum L. (Hypericaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 68). References: TAVARES (1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

114 


Geocrypta galii (Loew, 1850) 

Cecidomyia galii Loew, 1850 

Perrisia galii (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause smooth fleshy swellings on stems and flower stalks of Galium mollugo L., 

G. mollugo L. ssp. erectum Huds., G. verrucosum Huds. (G. saccharatum All.) and G. broterianum 

Bss. et Reut. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 69). References: TAVARES 

(1902a, 1905a, 1916a, 1921), COGOLLUDO (1921), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: 


Gephyraulus raphanistri (Kieffer, 1896) 

Cecidomyia raphanistri Kieffer, 1896 

White larvae change in galls the flower buds of Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Brassicaceae). 

Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 69). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1909, 1921), COGOL- 

LUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Harmandiola cavernosa (Rübsaamen, 1899) 

Diplosis cavernosa Rübsaamen, 1899 

Larvae produce large hard, thick walled galls on leaves of Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae). 

The gall is hemispherical on lower side with a slit opening on the upper side. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 70). Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Harmandiola globuli (Rübsaamen, 1889) 

Diplosis globuli Rübsaamen, 1889 

Larvae cause smaller thin-walled galls on the upper side of the leaves of Populus tremula 

L. (Salicaceae). The slit opening is on the lower side of the leaf. Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 70); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. 


Harmandiola tremulae (Winnertz, 1853) 

Cecidomyia tremulae Winnertz, 1853 

Diplosis loewii Rübsaamen, 1892 

Larvae cause large, hard, thick-walled galls on the upper side of the leaf of Populus tremula 

L. (Salicaceae). The slit opening is on the lower side of the leaf. Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 71); Montseny (Barcelona, 1994) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. 


Hartigiola annulipes (Hartig, 1839) 

Cecidomyia annulipes Hartig, 1839 

Larvae cause cylindrical galls on leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 71). Reference: TAVARES (1921), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Inulomyia subterranea (Frauenfeld, 1861) 

Cecidomyia subterranea Frauenfeld, 1861 

Contarinia subterranea (Frauenfeld, 1861) 

Larvae cause ovoid bud galls, densely haired, situated on root necks of Inula salicina L. 

(Asteraceae). STELTER (1965) redescribed this species. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 72). 

Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Iteomyia capreae (Winnertz, 1853) 

Larvae cause small hemispherical galls on leaves of Salix caprea L., S. aurita L. and S. 

atrocinerea Brot. (non S. cinerea L.) (Salicaceae). Each gall contains one larva and has a 

small round opening on the lower side of the leaf. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 72). References: 

TROTTER (1902b), TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1919, 1931), HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO 

(1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Iteomyia major Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae cause larger galls mainly on leaf veins on Salix aurita L. and S. atrocinerea Brot. 

(non S. cinerea L.) (Salicaceae), with openings on the underside. Several galls usually coalesce 

forming a large gall on the vein. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 73). References: TROTTER 

(1902b), TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Jaapiella bryoniae (Bouché, 1847) 

Larvae cause large leaf bud galls galls on Bryonia cretica subsp. dioica L. (= B. dioica 

L.) (Cucurbitaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 74). References: TAVARES (1902b, 

1905a, 1920, 1921). Distribution: European. 

Jaapiella cucubali (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia cucubalina Tavares, 1919 

Larvae develop in swollen leaf and flower buds on Cucubalus baccifer L. (Caryophyllaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 75). References: TAVARES (1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: 

sub-Mediterranean. 

Jaapiella genistamtorquens (Kieffer, 1888) 

Pink larvae cause small rosette leaf galls, densely haired, at shoot tips of Genista pilosa L. 

(Fabaceae). Many larvae develop in one gall. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 75). Reference: 

TAVARES (1914). Distribution: European. 

Jaapiella genisticola (F. Löw, 1877) 

First white, later pink coloured larva causes an artichoke leaf gall at the shoot tip of Genista 

tinctoria L., G. anglica L. and Echinospartum ibericum Rivas Mart. Sánchez Mata & Sancho 

(= E. lusitanicum L.) (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 76). References: TAVARES 

(1902b, 1905a, 1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Jaapiella loticola (Rübsaamen, 1899) 

Larvae cause leaf bud galls on Lotus corniculatus L., L. uliginosus L. and L. pedunculatus 

Cav. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 76). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 

1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Jaapiella medicaginis (Rübsaamen, 1912) 

Larvae develop in folded leaflets of Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 77); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1994) and Sant Celoni (Barcelona, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. 

Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Jaapiella parvula (Liebel, 1899) 

Larvae develop in swollen flower buds of Bryonia cretica subsp. dioica L. (= B. dioica L.) 

(Cucurbitaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 77). References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1921). 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

116 


Jaapiella sarothamni Rübsaamen, 1917 

Larvae develop in swollen flower buds of Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 78); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1994) and Montseny (Barcelona, 1993) leg. 


Jaapiella veronicae (Vallot, 1827) 

Larvae produce leaf galls on growing points of Veronica chamaedrys L. and V. micrantha 

Hoffg. (Scrophulariaceae). Attacked leaves are densely covered with white hairs. Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 78). References: TROTTER (1902b), HOUARD (1918, 1919), TAVARES 

(1902b, 1905a, 1909, 1921), COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Janetia panteli (Kieffer, 1909) 

Arnoldia panteli Kieffer, 1909: 23 

Kiefferiola panteli (Kieffer, 1909): Tavares, 1920: 43; Skuhravá 1986 

Janetia panteli (Kieffer, 1909): Gagné, 2004: 171 

Larvae cause pustule galls on leaves of Quercus lusitanica Lam. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 79). References: TAVARES (1920, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921). 


Janetiella lemeei (Kieffer, 1904) 

Larvae cause small swellings on leaf veins of Ulmus minor Mill. (Ulmaceae). Each gall is 

prolonged in a tube ending with an opening. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 80); Matadepera (Barcelona, 

1991) and Montseny (Barcelona, 1994) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: SKUHRAVÁ 


Janetiella maculata Tavares, 1902 

Larvae develop in swollen axillary leaf bud on stem of Cytisus multiflorus (L´Her.) Sweet 

(= C. albus Hacq.) (Fabaceae). Inside the chamber one solitary red larva develops. Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 80). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1919), COGOLLUDO (1921). 


Janetiella oenephila (Haimhoffen, 1875) 

Larvae cause small swellings on leaf veins of Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae). Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 81); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1995, new finding) leg. Pujade-Villar. 

References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Janetiella thymi (Kieffer, 1888) 

Larvae cause small smooth leaf bud galls on Thymus pulegoides L. (= T. serpyllum L.), T. 

capitellatus Hffg. and T. villosus L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 82); Sant Julià 

de Lòria (Andorra, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: TAVARES (1903). Distribution: 


Janetiella tuberculi (Rübsaamen, 1889) 

Larvae cause lateral swellings on stems of Cytisus striatus (Hill) Rothm. (= C. patens 

Webb.) 

(Fabaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 82). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1921). 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Kiefferia pericarpiicola (Bremi, 1847) 

Asphondylia pimpinellae F. Löw, 1877 

Larvae change in galls the fruits of Foeniculum officinale All., Laserpitium prutenicum L., 

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (= P. sativum Hffm.), Physospermum cornubiense (L.) 

DC. (= P. aquilegiaefolium Koch) (Apiaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 83). References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1907a, 1909, 1914), VILARRÚBIA (1936). Distribution: 


Kochiomyia kochiae (Kieffer, 1909) 

Rhopalomyia? Koehliae Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae cause globular, wooly galls of the size of a pea, at tips of shoots on Bassia prostrata 

(L.) Beck in Rchb. (= Kochia prostrata L.) (Chenopodiaceae). In one gall many larvae develop. 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 84). References: HOUARD (1906, 1908-1909). Distribution: 

European, Pontic-Pannonian. 

Lasioptera ariasis Skuhravá & Garcia (in litt.) 

Larvae develops and cause damage to fruits of cherries Prunus cerasus L. cultivar ´Picotas´ 

(Rosaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 84); Valle del Jerte in the Province of Cáceres in 

Spain in 1995, leg. García (SKUHRAVÁ & GARCÍA, in prep.) Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Lasioptera berlesiana Paoli, 1907 

Lasioptera kiefferiana Del Guercio, 1910 

Larvae are associated with olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Olea europaea 

L. (Oleaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 85). References: COGOLLUDO (1921), 

TAVARES (1924). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Lasioptera carophila F. Löw, 1874 

Larvae cause rounded swellings at the base of primary or secondary umbels on Carum carvi 

L., Daucus carota L., Foeniculum officinale All., Bupleurum fruticescens L. and Margotia 

gummifera Lge. (Apiaceae). Each gall contains a chamber with one orange-red larva. Occurrence: 

frequent (Fig. 85); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984-2003, new finding), Valls (Tarragona, 

2002, new finding), Tàrrega (Lleida, 2001, new finding), Lorca (Murcia, 1996, 

new finding), Aracena (Huelva, 1996, new finding). References: TROTTER (1899, 1900), 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1907a), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), BELLIDO 


Lasioptera eryngii (Vallot, 1829) 

Larvae produce swellings of stems on Eryngium campestre L. (Apiaceae). Each swelling 

contains many chambers. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 86); El Mascà (Tarragona, 

1982, new finding), leg. Pere Luque, and Sant Julià de Lòria and Santa Coloma (Andorra, 

1995), leg. J. Pujade-Villar. References: COGOLLUDO (1921), TAVARES (1931), VILAR- 

RÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al (2003). In SKUHRAVÁ et al. 

(1996), the asterisk mark was erroneusly placed to the following species. Distribution: sub- 


Lasioptera populnea Wachtl, 1883 

Larvae live as inquilines in galls of Contarinia populi (Rübs.) on leaves of Populus tremula 

L. (Salicaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 86). Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). This 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

118 


species does not occur in Andorra as it is indicated in SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: 

European. 

Lasioptera rubi (Schrank, 1803) 

Tipula rubi Schrank, 1803 

Larvae cause rounded swellings on the stems of Rubus spp. (Rosaceae). Occurrence: frequent 

(Fig. 87); La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1981, new finding), Sant Celoni (Barcelona, 1980, 

new finding), Ribera de Cardó (Lleida, 1988, new finding), Valls (Tarragona, 2002, new 

finding), Tàrrega (Lleida, 2004, new finding), Ciudad Encantada (Cuenca, 1997), Sierra de 

Córdoba (Cordoba, 1996, new finding), Aracena (Huelva, 1996, new finding), Jaca (Huesca, 

leg. M. Goula, 2002, new finding), Engolasters, Juberri, La Massana, Sant Julià de Lòria, 

Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1992-1995), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: COGOLLUDO (1921), 

TAVARES (1924, 1931), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: 


Lestodiplosis aestiva (Tavares, 1916) 

Coprodiplosis aestiva Tavares, 1916 

Larvae prey on larvae of Ametrodiplosis thalictricola (Rübs.) on Thalictrum flavum (= T. 

glaucum Desf.) (Ranunculaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 87). References: TAVARES 

(1916a, 1919). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Lestodiplosis hyperici (Tavares, 1919) 

Coprodiplosis hyperici Tavares, 1919 

Larvae prey on larvae of Geocrypta braueri (Handlirsch) on Hypericum pulchrum L. (Hypericaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 88). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: 


Lestodiplosis marini (Tavares, 1919) 

Coprodiplosis marini Tavares, 1919 

Tavares (1919) caught a male and informed that the larva is probably the ectoparasitoid 

of Contarinia scoparii Rübs. on Cytisus scoparius (L.) Lonk (Fabaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 88). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the 

Iberian Peninsula. 

Lestodiplosis quercina (Tavares, 1922) 

Theatodiplosis quercina Tavares, 1922 

Larvae prey on larvae of Contarinia quercina (Rübs.) on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 89). References: TAVARES (1922, 1924). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Lestodiplosis quercus (Tavares, 1919) 

Coprodiplosis quercus Tavares, 1919 

Larvae prey on larvae of Dasineura squamosa (Tavares) on Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 89). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Macrodiplosis pustularis (Bremi, 1847) 

Diplosis dryobia F. Löw, 1877 

Larvae cause marginal leaf galls on Quercus robur L., Q. petraea Liebl., Q. pubescens Willd. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


(= Q. humilis Lam.) and Q. pyrenaica Willd. (Fagaceae). The gall is formed of folded leaf 

lobe downwards. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 90); Matadepera (1980-1986, new finding), 

El Montseny (Barcelona, 1980-1985, new finding), La Panadella (Lleida, 2002, new finding), 

Cornudella del Montsant (1997, new finding), Ventalló (Girona, 1999, new finding), 

Engolasters, Juberri, La Massana, Santa Coloma, San Julià de Lòria (Andorra, 1992-1995). 

References: TAVARES (1907a, 1909, 1916a, 1931), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA 

(1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Macrodiplosis roboris (Hardy, 1854) 

Macrodiplosis volvens Kieffer, 1895 

Larvae cause galls on Quercus robur L., Q. petraea Liebl. and Q. pubescens Willd. (= Q. 

humilis Lam.) (Fagaceae). The gall is formed of rolled up the leaf margin usually between 

lobes. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 90); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1980-1986, new 

finding), El Montseny (Barcelona,1980-1985, new finding), La Panadella (Lleida, 2002, new 

finding), Santa Coloma and Sant Julià de Lòria (Andorra 1992-1995) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1905a, 1907a, 1909, 1921, 1931), VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ 


Macrolabis aquilegiae (Kieffer, 1909) 

Perrisia aquilegiae Kieffer, 1909 

Larvae change in galls the flower buds of Aquilegia vulgaris L. (Ranunculaceae). Nijveldt 

(1977) redescribed this species and placed it in the genus Macrolabis Kieffer. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 91). Reference: TROTTER (1902a). Distribution: European. 

Macrolabis brunellae Tavares, 1907 

Macrolabis brunellae Rübsaamen, 1921, new synonym 

Macrolabis ruebsaameni Hedicke, 1938, new synonym 

Larvae change into galls the leaf and flower buds of Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 91). References: TAVARES (1907a, 1909, 1919, 1920), COGOLLUDO 

(1921). Distribution: Mediterranean. - This species is identical with Macrolabis ruebsaameni 

Hedicke, 1938 (as a new name for M. brunellae Rübsaamen, 1921) and they are new synonyms 

of M. brunellae Tavares, 1907. 

Macrolabis heraclei (Kaltenbach, 1862) 

Cecidomyia corrugans F. Löw, 1877 

Macrolabis tamujana Tavares, 1922 

Larvae cause leaf galls on Heracleum sphondylium L. (Apiaceae). The gall is formed of a 

folded and curled leaf. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 92). Reference: TAVARES (1922). Distribution: 


Macrolabis hippocrepidis Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae develop in folded leaflets of Hippocrepis valentina Bss. (Fabaceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 92). Reference: TAVARES (1931). Distribution: European. 

Macrolabis marteli Kieffer, 1892 

Larvae develop in downwards rolled leaf margins of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 93); Montseny (Barcelona, 1994) leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

120 


Macrolabis scrophulariae Tavares, 1906 

Larvae change into galls young inflorescences of Scrophularia scorodonia L. (Scrophulariaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 93). References: TAVARES (1906, 1907a, 1922). Distribution: 


Mayetiola destructor (Say, 1817) 

Larvae cause swellings on stems of Triticum vulgare L. and other cereals and weed grasses 

(Poaceae). This species, called the Hessian fly, was identified in Spain for the first time at the 

end of the 19th century by Herrero. It was a very important pest in the period from 1943 to 

1953 (ALFARO 1955, MORRAL 1993a, 1993b, 1993c; MORRAL et al., 1994). Occurrence: 

very abundant (Fig. 94). From time to time it is a serious pest. It occurs in all provinces of 

Iberian Peninsula where the cereals are grown. ALFARO (1955) mentioned many localities 

(about 60 in Zaragoza, 12 in Huesca and others). References: TAVARES (1931), ALFARO 

(1955), LÓPEZ-BRAÑA (1993), MORRAL (1993a, 1993b, 1993c; MORRAL et al., 1994), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Palaearctic, 

widespread in Europe, western Asia and northern Africa; immigrant in North America and 

New Zealand (SKUHRAVÁ et al.1984). 

Mikiola fagi (Hartig, 1839) 

Larvae cause pointed galls on leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae). Inside the chamber 

only one larva develops. Pujade-Villar (1990) reported on parasitoids. Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 94). References: COGOLLUDO (1921), TAVARES (1931), VILARRÚBIA (1936), PU- 

JADE-VILLAR (1990), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank, 1776) 

Diplosis buxi Laboulbène,1873 

Larvae cause blister-like galls on leaves of Buxus sempervirens L. (Buxaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 95); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1985-1995), Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1993) leg. 


Myricomyia mediterranea (F. Löw, 1885) 

Larvae produce small galls on branches of Erica arborea L., E. scoparia L. and E. australis 

L. (Ericaceae). Each gall contains only one larva. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 95); Matadepera 

(Barcelona, 1985-1995), La Roca del Vallès (Barcelona, 1989) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909), COGOLLUDO (1921), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). 


Neomikiella beckiana (Mik, 1885) 

Larvae cause large, densely whitish hairy galls on leaf buds and young leaves of Inula 

conyza DC (Asteraceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 96). Reference: TAVARES (1914). 

Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Oligotrophus juniperinus (Linné, 1758) 

Larvae cause galls on branches of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae). The gall is slender, 

with tips of outer needles recurved. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 96); Matadepera (Barcelona, 

1980-1986, new finding), Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

HIERONYMUS (1890), TROTTER (1902b), TAVARES (1903), COGOLLUDO (1921), 

VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: 

European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Oligotrophus panteli Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae cause galls on branches of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus communis L. ssp. 

nana Syme (Cupressaceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 97); Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1993) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TROTTER (1902a), TAVARES (1902b, 1905a), VILARRÚ- 

BIA (1936), PUJADE-VILLAR (1981), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), BELLIDO et al. (2003). 


Ozirhincus anthemidis (Rübsaamen, 1915) 

Ozirhincus ibericus Möhn, 1968 

Larvae change in galls the achenes in flower heads of Anthemis cotula L. (Asteraceae). Each 

gall contains only one larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 97). Reference: MÖHN (1968). 


Ozirhincus longicollis Rondani, 1840 

Clinorrhyncha chrysanthemi Loew, 1850 

Larvae change in galls the achenes in flower heads of Chamaemelum nobile L. (= Anthemis 

nobilis L.) (Asteraceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 98). References: MÖHN (1968), 


Ozirhincus millefolii (Wachtl, 1884) 

Ozirhincus lusitanicus Möhn, 1968 

Larvae change in galls the achenes in flower heads of Achillea ageratum L. (Asteraceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 98). Reference: MÖHN (1968). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Ozirhincus tanaceti (Kieffer, 1889) 

Ozirhincus hispanicus Möhn, 1968 

Larvae change in galls the achenes in flower heads of Tanacetum vulgare L. and Anthemis 

tuberculata Boiss. (Asteraceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 99). Reference: MÖHN (1968). 


Parallelodiplosis galliperda (F. Löw, 1889) 

Larvae live as inquilines under the galls of Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (L.) (Hymenoptera: 

Cynipidae) on leaves of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent 

(Fig. 99); Montseny (Barcelona, 1986, new finding), Begues (Barcelona, 2003, new finding), 

Matadepera (Barcelona, 1986-1988), Anyós, Encamp, La Massana Sispony (Andorra, 1993- 

1994), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1905a, 1919); SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). 


Phegomyia fagicola (Kieffer, 1901) 

Larvae cause galls on leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. (Fagaceae). The gall is formed of folded 

and swollen leaf blade along the lateral vein with a slit opening on the upper side. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 100). Reference: TAVARES (1921). Distribution: European. 

Phyllodiplosis cocciferae (Tavares, 1902) 

Contarinia cocciferae Tavares, 1902 

Blastodiplosis cocciferae (Tavares, 1902) 

Larvae cause large cone-shaped galls on branches of Quercus coccifera L., Q. ilex L. and Q. 

suber L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: one of two the most frequent species (Fig. 100); Caldes de 

Malavella (Girona, 1991, new finding), Cornudella (Tarragona, 1996, new finding), Montseny 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

122 


(Barcelona, 1991, new finding), Cazorla (Jaén, 1996, new finding), Sierra Espuña (Murcia, 

1996 new finding), Sierra del Madero (Soria, 1996, new finding)¸ Aracena (Huelva, 1996, 

new finding), Toro (Zamora, 1993, new finding), Bixessarri, Juberri, San Julià de Lòria, 

Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1989-1993), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TROTTER (1902a), 

TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1922), VENTALLÓ (1905), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA 

(1936), PUJADE-VILLAR (1981), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ 

(1999) and BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Planetella arenariae (Rübsaamen, 1899) 

Hormomyia arenariae Rübsaamen, 1899 

Larvae cause swellings on stems of Carex arenaria L. (Cyperaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 101). Reference: TAVARES (1931). Distribution: European. 

Polystepha quercus Kieffer, 1897 

Polystepha titilivii Tavares, 1924 

Larvae cause pustule galls on leaves of Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 101). Reference: TAVARES (1924). Distribution: European. 

Probruggmanniella phillyreae (Tavares, 1907) 

Schizomyia phillyreae Tavares, 1907 

Larvae change into galls the fruits of Phillyrea angustifolia L. (Oleaceae). Occurrence: scarce 

(Fig. 102). References: TAVARES (1907a, 1907b, 1924). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt, 1926) 

Larvae cause galls at vegetative tips of Vaccinium corymbosum (Vacciniaceae). Inside damaged 

part several yellow larvae develop. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 102). Reference: CALVO 

et al. (in press). Distribution: immigrant from the Nearctic Region. 

Psectrosema provinciale Kieffer, 1912 

Larvae cause fusiform swellings on young shoots of Tamarix gallica Webb. (Tamaricaceae). 

Only one red larva develops in each chamber. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 103). Reference: 

TAVARES (1914). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Psectrosema tamaricis (Stefani, 1902) 

Larvae cause spindle-shaped swellings on Tamarix gallica Webb. (Tamaricaceae). The chamber 

inside the gall contains several yellow larvae. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 103). References: 

TAVARES (1903, 1905a). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Putoniella pruni (Kaltenbach, 1872) 

Diplosis marsupialis F. Löw, 1879 

Larvae cause thick swellings on leaf veins of Prunus domestica L. and P. spinosa L. (Rosaceae), 

with slit opening above. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 104). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ 


Rabdophaga albipennis (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause slight swellings on young twigs of Salix alba L. (Salicaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 104); Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1995), leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: TAVARES 

(1905a), and SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Rabdophaga clavifex (Kieffer, 1891) 

Larvae cause large swellings at tips of twigs on Salix aurita L., S. atrocinerea Brot. (non 

S. cinerea L.) and S. caprea L. (Salicaceae). The gall is thumb-shaped, abnormally hairy, 

with 8-15 deformed buds, each bud with one larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 105). 

References: TAVARES (1905a, 1909). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Rabdophaga heterobia (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause galls of two forms on Salix triandra L. (Salicaceae). The larvae of the overwintering 

generation change into galls the male catkins (swollen catkins) and the larvae of 

the summer generation change in galls the leaf buds which are large and very hairy. Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 105); Andorra (without locality, 1995), Martorell (Barcelona, 1996), leg. 

Pujade-Villar. References: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Rabdophaga karschi (Kieffer, 1891) 

Larvae cause small fusiform swellings on young branches of Salix aurita L. (Salicaceae), 

inside with one chamber including one larva. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 106). References: 

COGOLLUDO (1921, on Salix repens L. var. argentea Koch), TAVARES (1924). – Note. 

According to the host plant species, the causer of the swellings is probably the species 

Rabdophaga schicki Stelter, 1982, which was described on adults reared from Salix repens 

L. ssp. rosmarinifolia in Germany (STELTER, 1982, 1993). Distribution: European. 

Rabdophaga marginemtorquens (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause rolled leaf margins on Salix alba L. (Salicaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 106). Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Rabdophaga nervorum (Kieffer, 1895) 

Larvae cause spindle-shaped swellings on leaf veins of Salix aurita L. and S. atrocinerea 

Brot. (non S. cinerea L.) (Salicaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 107). References: 

TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1904b, 1909, 1921). Distribution: European. 

Rabdophaga pierrei (Kieffer, 1896) 

Larvae live under the bark of Salix atrocinerea Brot. (non S. cinerea L.) (Salicaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 107). References: TAVARES (1905a, 1907a, 1909, 1921). Distribution: 

European. 

Rabdophaga rosaria (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause large rosette galls on Salix alba L. (Salicaceae). One larva develops in the 

centre of the gall. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 108); Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1995) leg. Pujade- 

Villar. References: TAVARES (1902b, 1905a) and SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: 


Rabdophaga salicis (Schrank, 1803) 

Larvae cause large globular or cylindrical stem swellings on Salix caprea L., S. atrocinerea 

Brot. (non S. cinerea L.) and S. repens L. (Salicaceae). Inside swellings many larvae develop. 

Occurrence: very frequent species (Fig. 108). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 

1921), TROTTER (1902), HOUARD (1918), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936). 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

124 


Rabdophaga terminalis (Loew, 1850) 

Dasineura terminalis (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae cause spindle or elongated galls on terminal buds on Salix fragilis L. (Salicaceae). 

Inside the gall many larvae develop. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 109). Reference: 

TAVARES (1931); BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Resseliella oleisuga (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886) 

Larvae develop under the bark of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 109). Reference: COUTIN & KATLABI (1986). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Rhopalomyia ambrosinae Gagné, 2004 

GAGNÉ (2004) gave a new name for Navasia santolinae Tavares, 1919: 34 and gave as the 

host plant Ambrosia sp. (Asteraceae). TAVARES (1919:34) in his description of N. santolinae 

gave as the host plant Santolina chamaecyparissus L. In the same article TAVARES 

(1919:96) informed that he made a mistake and the correct host plant species is Artemisia 

herba-alba Asso. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 110). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: 


Rhopalomyia artemisiae (Bouché, 1834) 

Larvae cause large globular or button-shaped galls on stems of Artemisia campestris L. 

(Asteraceae). The gall is formed of many shortened leaves and contains many chambers, 

each with one larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 110). References: TROTTER (1902b), 

COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Rhopalomyia baccarum (Wachtl, 1883) 

Larvae cause globular, soft bud galls on basal part of stems or in leaf axils of Artemisia 

vulgaris L., A. campestris L. and A. crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae). Each gall contains one 

larva. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 111); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1983, new finding), leg. Pujade-Villar. 

References: TROTTER (1902), TAVARES (1903, 1905a), COGOLLUDO (1921), 

VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Rhopalomyia hispanica Tavares, 1904 

Larvae cause globular fleshy bud galls on Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Asteraceae), inside 

with a small ovoid inner gall. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 111). References: TAVARES (1904b), 

COGOLLUDO (1921), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). 


Rhopalomyia hypogaea (F. Löw, 1885) 

Larvae cause galls on stems of Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (= Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 

L.) (Asteraceae). The gall is formed of swollen and distorted stem or enlarged buds in leaf 

axils. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 112). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002); BELLIDO 

et al (2003). Distribution: European. 

Rhopalomyia millefolii (Loew, 1850) 

Larvae produce galls on flower and leaf buds of Achillea ageratum L. (Asteraceae). Each 

gall contains one larva. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 112). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a), 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares, 1904 

Eudictyomyia navasi (Tavares, 1904) 

Misospatha navasi (Tavares, 1904) 

Larvae cause very nice, densely white pubescent, galls on Artemisia herba-alba Asso and 

A. incana (Asteraceae). Galls are situated on stem sides. Several chambers occur inside one 

gall. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 113); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984, new finding) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1904b), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA 

(1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999); BELLIDO et al. 


Rhopalomyia navasina (Tavares, 1919) 

Dictyomyia navasina Tavares, 1919a: 26: Spain, Zaragoza 

Dictyomyia navasiana Tavares, 1919: in Skuhravá 1986:170 (misspelling) 

Larvae cause ovoid bud galls on stems of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (Asteraceae) of 

size 10-14 mm. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 113); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984, new finding) 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1919), COGOLLUDO (1921), SKUHRAVÁ et 

al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: 


Rhopalomyia producticeps Kieffer, 1912 

Larvae cause tubular galls on stems of Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Asteraceae). Inside the 

gall it is only one chamber with one larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 114). Reference: 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Rhopalomyia salsolae (Tavares, 1924) 

Misospatha salsolae Tavares, 1924 

Rhopalomyia salsolae (Tavares, 1924): Gagné 2004:247 

TAVARES (1924) caught a female in glass dish where the galls of Stefaniola salsolae on 

Salsola vermiculata were placed. Larvae of R. salsolae are probably inquilines. The female 

of R. salsolae differs from the female of R. salsolata mainly by the number of antennal 

segments. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 114). References: TAVARES (1924), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic 


Rhopalomyia salsolata Gagné, 2004 

Gagné (2004) gave a new name to Dictyomyia salsolae Tavares, 1924: 42 

Tavares (1924) caught a female on Salsola vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae), on which was 

the gall of Stefaniola salsolae. Nothing more is known. Probably R. salsolata is an inquiline 

species. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 115). Reference: TAVARES (1924), SKUHRAVÁ et 

al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to 

the Iberian Peninsula. 

Rhopalomyia santolinae Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause large whitish spongious galls on stems of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. var. vulgaris 

Bss. (Asteraceae). Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 115); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984, 

new finding), leg. Pujade-Villar, Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: 

TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et al (2003). 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

126 


Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. The biology of R. santolinae 

in the article of SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), in which this species is considered 

to be an inquiline in the galls of Dictyomyia navasiana Tavares, is not correct. 

Rhopalomyia setubalensis Tavares, 1902 

Dictyomyia setubalensis (Tavares, 1902): Skuhravá, 1986: 170. 

Larvae cause small whitish galls at the base of leaves of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. var. 

vulgaris (Asteraceae). Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 116); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984, new 

finding), leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902c, 1905a, 1919), COGOLLUDO 

(1921), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999), BELLIDO et al. 


Rhopalomyia tavaresi Gagné, 1975 

new name for Eudictyomyia artemisiae Tavares, 1920 

Larvae are inquilines in galls of Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares on Artemisia herba-alba Asso 

(Asteraceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 116). References: TAVARES (1920), SKUHRAVÝ 

& SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. 

Rhopalomyia tubifex (Bouché, 1847) 

Larvae cause tubular galls on stems of Artemisia campestris L. (Asteraceae). Occurrence: 

medium frequent (Fig. 117). References: COGOLLUDO (1921), TAVARES (1922), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Sackenomyia reaumurii (Bremi, 1847) 

Oligotrophus solmsii Kieffer, 1905 

Phlyctidobia solmsii (Kieffer, 1905) 

Larvae cause blister-like galls on leaves of Viburnum lantana L. (Caprifoliaceae). Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 117); Santa Coloma (Andorra, 1993) leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES 

(1931), VILARRÚBIA (1936), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Schizomyia galiorum Kieffer, 1889 

Larvae cause flower bud galls on Galium mollugo L., G. mollugo ssp. erectum Huds., G. 

broterianum Bss.et Reut. and G. lucidum All. (Rubiaceae). Occurrence: medium frequent 

(Fig. 118). References: TROTTER (1902b), TAVARES (1902b, 1905a, 1921), COGOLLUDO 


Spartiomyia martinsi (Tavares, 1902) 

Janetiella martinsi Tavares, 1902 

Larvae cause ovoid swellings on stems and swollen buds of Echinospartum ibericum Rivas 

Mart. Sánchez Mata & Sancho (= E. lusitanicum L., = Genista lusitanica L.) (Fabaceae). 

Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 118). References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1916a). Distribution: 

Mediterranean, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. - Note. TAVARES (1902a: 65) in his 

description gave as the host plant species „Retama sphaerocarpa (Bss.) (= Spartium sphaerocarpum 

L.).“ but in the reprint is by the own Tavares´s hand written „Genista lusitanica 

L.“ and this host plant species is given also in the legend to the figure joined to this paper. 

TAVARES (1916a:136) precise the information that the correct host plant species is Genista 

lusitanica L. GAGNÉ (2004) in the world catalog of gall midges gives incorrectly as the 

host plant Retama sphaerocarpa. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Spurgia euphorbiae (Vallot, 1827) 

Cecidomyia capitigena Bremi, 1847 

Cecidomyia subpatula Bremi, 1847 

Dasineura subpatula (Bremi, 1847) 

Larvae cause large globular galls on vegetative tips of Euphorbia cyparissias L. and E. amygdaloides 

L. (Euphorbiaceae). Each gall is composed of many shortened deformed leaves. 

Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 119). References: TAVARES (1905a, 1921, 1931), BEL- 

LIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: European. 

Stefaniella brevipalpis Kieffer, 1898 

Larvae cause globular or fusiform swellings on stems, leaf petioles and mid veins of Atriplex 

halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae) with many long chambers, without membranes. Each chamber 

with one orange larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 119). Reference: TAVARES (1905a, 

1913). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Stefaniella trinacriae Stefani, 1900 

Larvae cause fusiform woody galls, till the size of 20 mm, on Atriplex halimus L. (Chenopodiaceae). 

In the gall many chambers, in each chamber one yellow-whittish larva. The gall 

include Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 120). References: TAVARES (1931), SKUHRAVÁ et al. 

(1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Stefaniola bilobata (Kieffer, 1913) 

Dibaldratia bilobata Kieffer, 1913 

Larvae cause small elongated galls on buds of Salsola vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae). Buhl 

(1998) reported on parasites. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 120). References: MÖHN (1971), SKUHRAVÁ 

et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean. 

Stefaniola gloma Möhn, 1971 

Larvae cause slight swellings of flower branches on Stefaniola vermiculata L. (Chenopodiaceae). 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 121). Reference: MÖHN (1971). Distribution: 


Stefaniola parva (Tavares, 1919) 

Salsolomyia parva Tavares, 1919 

Larvae live as inquilines in galls of Stefaniola salsolae (Tavares) on Salsola vermiculata 

L. (Chenopodiaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 121). References: TAVARES (1919), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Stefaniola salsolae (Tavares, 1904) 

Stefaniella salsolae Tavares, 1904 

Larvae cause bud galls on Salsola vermiculata L. (= S. microphylla Mocq.) (Chenopodiaceae). 

The bud is changed into rosa-shaped fleshy gall, up to the size of 15-18 mm, inside with a 

chamber. The surface of the gall is covered with many small, hairy leaves. ASKEW (1994, 

1997) described several new species of parasitoids that were reared from galls of S. salsolae 

by Blasco-Zumeta. Occurrence: medium frequent (Fig. 122). References: TAVARES 

(1904b, 1914, 1918, 1919), MÖHN (1971), COGOLLUDO (1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), 

SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1993), SKUHRAVÝ & SKUHRAVÁ (1999). Distribution: Mediterranean, 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

128 


Stefaniola vastita Möhn, 1971 

Larvae cause hardly ascertainable galls on Anabasis articulata (Forsk.) Moq. (Chenopodiaceae). 

One up four chambers are situated in lateral soft part of the shoot, not in the central part. 

Each gall contains one larva. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 122). Reference: MÖHN (1971). 


Taxomyia taxi (Inchbald, 1861) 

Larvae cause rosette or artichoke leaf galls on branches of Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae). One 

orange larva develops in the centre of the gall. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 123); Matadepera 

(Barcelona, 1990), Montseny (Barcelona, 1987), Montserrat (Barcelona, 1997, new finding), 

leg. Pujade-Villar. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: European. 

Thecodiplosis brachyntera (Schwägrichen, 1835) 

Larvae cause galls on needle paires of Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae). The gall is formed of a 

pair of shortened, at base swollen and coalesced needles. One orange-red larva in the chamber. 

Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 123); Teruel, leg. J. Baixeras of the University of Valencia, det. 

M. Skuhravá. Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996). Distribution: Euro-Siberian. 

Trisopsis hyperici Tavares, 1919 

Larvae prey on larvae of Geocrypta braueri (Handl.) in galls on Hypericum perforatum L. 

(Hypericaceae). Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 124). Reference: TAVARES (1919). Distribution: 


Wachtliella caricis (Loew, 1850) 

Cecidomyia riparia Winnertz, 1853 

Larvae change into galls the fruits of Carex riparia L. (Cyperaceae). Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 124). Reference: TAVARES (1905a). Distribution: European. 

Wachtliella ericina (F. Löw, 1885) 

Larvae cause large rosette or artichoke leaf galls at tips of branches of Erica arborea L., E. 

erigena R. Ross (= E. herbacea L.), E. terminalis Salisb. (= E. stricta Don Cat.) and E. australis 

L. (= E. aragonensis Wk.) (Ericaceae). The gall is up 10 mm in size. Each gall contains only 

one red larva. Occurrence: frequent (Fig. 125); Matadepera (Barcelona, 1984, new finding), 

leg. Pujade-Villar. References: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 1909, 1920, 1921), COGOLLUDO 

(1921), VILARRÚBIA (1936), BELLIDO et al. (2003). Distribution: sub-Mediterranean. 

Wachtliella persicariae (Linné, 1767) 

Larvae cause galls on leaves of Polygonum amphibium L. (Polygonaceae). The gall is formed 

of rolled, thickened leaf margins and contains several light red larvae. Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 126). Reference: COGOLLUDO (1921). Distribution: European. 

Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis Fedotova, 1992 

Larvae cause swellings on stems of Ephedra distachya L. (Ephedraceae). Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 126). The galls were discovered in 1995 by Blasco-Zumeta in Monegros area 

(Zaragoza) and then many times in this area in subsequent years. Blasco-Zumeta was successful 

in rearing adults that are identical with the adults described from Kazakhstan (Middle 

Asia) by Fedotova in 1992 (FEDOTOVA, 2000). Reference: SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). 

Distribution: Euro-Asian, disjuncted, with small islands of occurrence in western Europe 

and in Asia (Kazakhstan). 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Zeuxidiplosis giardi (Kieffer, 1896) 

Larvae cause spherical bud galls on stems of Hypericum tomentosum L., H. perforatum 

L., H. pulchrum L. and H. undulatum Schousb. (Hypericaceae). In the chamber of the gall 

one red larva develops. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 127). Reference: TAVARES (1902a, 1905a, 

1921). Distribution: European. 

Subfamily: Lestremiinae 

Anaretella defecta (Winnertz, 1870) 

Biology is not known. Adults were caught mainly in forests of various types. Meyer (1984) 

found adults on salt meadows. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 127). Reference: JASCHHOF 

(1998). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Aprionus wildeni Jaschhof, 1997 

The male was caught in the Quercus suber-forest in Andalusia, at Jimena de la Frontera 

(Cádiz), by J. Wilden and the species has been described based on this male. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 128). Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic 


Bryomyia producta (Felt, 1908) 

Adults were caught mainly in broad-leaved forests. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 128). 

Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Campylomyza flavipes Meigen, 1818 

Adults fly in forests, meadows and fields from lowlands to mountains. Occurrence: very 

scarce (Fig. 129). Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Campylomyza fusca Winnertz, 1870 

Campylomyza obscura Winnertz, 1870 

Adults were caught in forests and meadows. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 129). STROBL (1906) 

found adults in palm forest. Distribution: Holarctic. 

Catocha latipes Haliday, 1833 

Adults were found mainly on meadows. STROBL (1906) found adults in palm forest. Occurrence: 

very scarce (Fig. 130). Reference: STROBL (1906). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Gongromastix angustipennis (Strobl, 1904) 

Lestremia andorrana Enderlein, 1936 

Biology is not known. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 130). References: ENDERLEIN (1936), 

JASCHHOF (1998), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Lestremia cinerea Macquart, 1826 

Lestremia fusca Meigen, 1830 

Adults were caught in forests and on meadows from lowland to mountains. Occurrence: 


Micromyia lucorum Rondani, 1840 

Adults were caught mainly on meadows, less in forests. Occurrence: scarce (Fig. 131). Reference: 

JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Holarctic. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

130 


Neurolyga fenestralis Rondani, 1840 

Campylomyza rudis Winnertz, 1870 

Campylomyza fuscinervis Winnertz, 1870 

Adults were found on windows and they occur also in forests and meadows. Occurrence: 

scarce (Fig. 132). References: STROBL (1900,1906), SKUHRAVÁ et al. (2002). Distribution: 

Holarctic. 

Peromyia palustris (Kieffer, 1895) 

Adults were caught in humid meadows between mosses. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 132). 


Peromyia suberis Jaschhof, 1997 

Adults were caught in the Quercus-suber-forest in Andalusia, at Jimena de la Frontera 

(Cádiz). The species has been described based on this material. Occurrence: very scarce 

(Fig. 133). Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Mediterranean, endemic to the 

Iberian Peninsula. 

Peromyia truncata Yukawa, 1967 

Biology not known. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 133). Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). 

Distribution: Palaearctic. 

Polyardis adela Pritchard, 1947 

Adults were caught in broad-leaved forests. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 134). 


Polyardis bispinosa (Mamaev, 1963) 

Adults were caught in broad-leaved forests. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 134). 

Reference: JASCHHOF (1998). Distribution: Palaearctic. 

Polyardis silvalis (Rondani, 1840) 

Adults were caught in various types of forests. Occurrence: very scarce (Fig. 135). 


Xylopriona toxicodendri (Felt, 1907) 

Adults fly on meadows. MEYER (1984) found them very frequently in salt meadows. Occurrence: 


EVALUATION OF RESULTS 

Frequency 

The occurrence of each of 261 species forming the gall midge fauna of 

the Iberian Peninsula, which is shown in the maps at the Appendix 1, is the 

basis for evaluation of frequency. According to the number of localities and 

their distribution (see the point maps) at which the particular species has 

been found, it is possible to divide all gall midge species recorded in the 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


territory into six frequency groups, viz. the species occurring very scarcely, 

scarcely, medium frequently, frequently, very frequently and most frequently. 

These terms expressing the frequency are used also in paragraphs of each 

species in the Annotated list. These frequency data has been referred to 

the actual knowledge. Nevertheless, future studies could change this actual 

frequency but the present knowledge is presented here. Mayetiola destructor, 

a widely distributed pest of cereals, is not included in the following 

evaluation. 

In the Iberian Peninsula 115 species (44%) occur very scarcely. Each 

of them was recorded in the Iberian Peninsula at only one locality. Some 

of these species were described by Tavares and other researchers and subsequently 

they have not been found anywhere, as for example, Blastodiplosis 

thalictricina, Contarinia camphorosmae, Dasineura bragancae and some 

of other species described by Tavares; Baldratia suaedae, Stefaniola gloma 

and S. vastita by Möhn; Dasineura erodiicola and Dasineura mariae by 

Sylvén; Etsuhoa thuriferae by Skuhravá; Aprionus wildeni and Peromyia 

suberis described by Jaschhof. Many species that occur abundantly in 

Central Europe reach in Iberian Peninsula the southern boundary of their 

distribution, as for example Putoniella pruni causing galls on leaves of 

Prunus spinosa (Fig. 104). Dasineura oleae causing galls on leaves of Olea 

europaea, which is very abundant and is considered to be a pest in central 

and eastern Mediterranean, was found at only one locality in the Iberian 

Peninsula (Fig. 48). 

Eighty seven species (33%) occur scarcely. Each of them has been found 

at 2, 3 or 4 localities. Mikiola fagi causing galls on leaves of Fagus sylvatica 

was recorded at four localities in north-eastern part of Spain (Fig. 94). It 

is the representative of European fauna. It occurs abundantly in Central 

Europe and reaches in north-eastern Spain the most southern limits of its 

distribution area. Nevertheless, we have to mention that this species attacks 

leaves of Fagus sylvatica and, although this host tree is only restricted in 

some areas of north and the northest parts of the Iberian Peninsula, M. fagi 

is very abundant in these areas. On the other side, Baldratia salicorniae 

causing galls on Arthrocnemum fruticosum is a Mediterranean species which 

was found at four localities situated along the seaside of the Mediterranean 

Sea and of Atlantic Ocean (Fig. 16). 

Thirty four species (13%) occur medium frequently. Each of them has 

been found at 5, 6, 7 or 8 localities. Of these species, the most interesting 

is Stefaniola salsolae causing rosette-like galls on buds of Salsola vermiculata 

was found at 5 localities (Fig. 122); Dasineura asparagi causing galls 

at tips of young shoots of Asparagus aphyllus was found at 5 localities 

(Fig. 34) and D. broteri causing cone-shaped galls on buds of Erica ciliaris 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

132 


was found at 7 localities, both in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula 

(Fig. 36); Janetiella oenephila causing galls on leaves of Vitis vinifera was 

found at 6 localities (Fig. 81); Contarinia scoparii causing galls on tips 

of young shoots of Cytisus scoparius was found at 5 localities (Fig. 27), 

and Contarinia ilicis causing small galls on the leaves of Quercus ilex was 

found at 8 localities (Fig. 22). 

Eighteen species (7%) occur frequently. Each of them has been found 

at 9, 10, 11 or 12 localities. Of them, the most interesting are four species 

causing galls on various species of Erica, viz. Dasineura ericaescopariae 

(Fig. 40), D. zimmermanni (Fig. 64), Wachtliella ericina (Fig. 125) and Myricomyia 

mediterranea (Fig. 95); Asphondylia ulicis causing galls on swollen 

flower buds of Ulex europaeus (Fig. 14). Braueriella phillyreae causing pustule 

galls on leaves of Phillyrea latifolia (Fig. 19); Dasineura tubicoloides 

causing tubular galls on buds of Cytisus (Sarothamnus) scoparius (Fig. 5 

9); Dasineura crataegi inducing rosette leaf galls on Crataegus monogyna 

(Fig. 38), and finally Iteomyia capreae and I. major causing galls on the 

leaves of Salix caprea and related Salix-species (Figs. 72 and 73) are other 

interesting and widely distributed species. 

Five species (2%) occur very frequently. Each of them has been found 

at 13, 14 or 15 localities. Two species are associated with oaks, viz. Contarinia 

luteola causing small galls on branches of Quercus ilex (Fig. 23) and 

Dryomyia cocciferae inducing galls on leaves of Quercus coccifera (Fig. 65). 

The other species of this group are Dasineura plicatrix inducing unregularly 

twisted leaves on various Rubus species (Fig. 50); Rabdophaga salicis causing 

swellings on twigs of various Salix species (Fig. 108), and Dasineura 

rosae causing folded leaflet galls on various Rosa species (Fig. 53). 

Two species (1%), Phyllodiplosis cocciferae and Dryomyia lichtensteinii, 

occur most frequently. Both are the typical representatives of the Mediterranean 

fauna. Phyllodiplosis cocciferae causes cone-shaped galls on buds 

of Quercus coccifera and its galls were found at 20 localities (Fig. 100). 

Dryomyia lichtensteinii induces ovoid galls on leaves of Quercus ilex and 

Q. suber. Its galls were found at 24 localities (Fig. 66). 

Zoogeography 

The gall midge species occurring in the Iberian Peninsula may be 

divided, according to their overall distribution, into seven zoogeographic 

groups: European, Euro-Siberian, Euro-Asian, Mediterranean including sub- 

Mediterranean, Palaearctic, Holarctic and Nearctic. 

About 90 species (35%) belong to European zoogeographic group, 

which species have centres of distribution in Central Europe and penetrate 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


southwards up to Iberian Peninsula where usually run the southern boundary 

of their distribution area. Typical representatives of European species 

are Hartigiola annulipes and Mikiola fagi causing galls on leaves of Fagus 

sylvatica, and Macrodiplosis pustularis and M. roboris causing galls on 

leaves of Quercus robur and Q. petraea. Five species associated with Cytisus 

(Sarothamnus) scoparius, viz. Asphondylia sarothamni, Contarinia scoparii, 

Dasineura tubicoloides, Jaapiella sarothamni and Janetiella tuberculi, are 

European and sub-Atlantic species occurring abundantly along the seaside, 

penetrate inland and reach with its host plant eastwards up to the Czech 

Republic. 

Kochiomyia kochiae is the Pontic-Pannonian species causing galls on 

Bassia prostrata (= Kochia prostrata). It occurs abundantly along the seaside 

of the Black Sea (Pontus Euxinus) and in the Pannonian lowlands in 

Hungary (SKUHRAVÁ & SKUHRAVÝ, 1999). The galls were found also 

in southern France and in north-eastern Spain where this species reaches 

the most western limits of its remarkable distribution area. 

Forty five species (17%) may be regarded as Euro-Siberian. They occur 

abundantly in Europe, extending at least to Western Siberia and few 

species reach up to the eastern part of Palaearctic Region, to the Far East, 

China and Japan. Typical representatives are Harmandiola cavernosa and H. 

globuli associated with Populus tremula, Lasioptera rubi on various species 

of Rubus, Iteomyia capreae on Salix caprea and, S. aurita and Contarinia 

tiliarum causing galls on young shoots of Tilia cordata and T. platyphyllos. 

Most of Euro-Siberian species reach the southern limits of distribution area 

in Iberian Peninsula. 

Two species, viz. Etsuhoa sabinae and Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis, have 

disjuncted Euro-Asian areas of distribution. Galls of Etsuhoa sabinae on 

Juniperus sabina occur rarely in mountains of Europe and were also found 

in mountains of eastern Kazakhstan. Galls of Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis on 

Ephedra distachya were discovered in western Kazakhstan near the Caspian 

Sea, in northern Spain and southern France. Such type of distribution may 

be denominated as Mediterraneo-Turanian. 

Two other species, viz. Peromyia truncata and Polyardis bispinosa, belonging 

to the subfamily Lestremiinae, have Palaearctic distribution. Adults 

were caught rarely in Europe and in Asia (Far East, Japan). 

Mediterrenean and sub-Mediterranean species are the largest group including 

about 110 species (43%). They occur abundantly in the Mediterranean, 

some of them penetrate with their host plants northwards and few species 

reach even up to Central Europe. These are usually called sub-Mediterranean 

species. Phyllodiplosis cocciferae and Dryomyia cocciferae causing 

galls on Quercus coccifera, four species associated with Quercus ilex, viz. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

134 


Contarinia ilicis, C. luteola, Dasineura ilicis and Dryomyia lichtensteinii, 

Dasineura asparagi causing galls on Asparagus aphyllus and four species 

associated with Artemisia herba-alba, viz. Rhopalomyia hispanica, R. navasi, 

R. producticeps and R. tavaresi are typical Mediterranean species, similarly 

as Braueriella phillyreae, Dasineura rufescens and Probruggmanniella phillyreae 

which are associated with various species of Phillyrea. 

Six gall midge species associated with various Erica spp. have Mediterranean 

type of distribution. Dasineura broteri, D. elegans and D. zimmermanni 

occupy only small distribution areas. In contrast, Dasineura ericaescopariae, 

Myricomyia mediterranea and Wachtliella ericina occupy large distribution 

areas in the Mediterranean. W. ericina reaches up to southern England, to 

southern Denmark and to the southern part of the Czech Republic in the 

Central Europe. Asphondylia coronillae causing galls on buds and pods of 

Emerus major (Coronilla emerus) is a Mediterranean species that occurs 

abundantly in southern Europe and penetrates up to Switzerland and northern 

Italy. Lasioptera eryngii causing large galls on stems of Eryngium campestre 

occurs scattered in the whole Mediterranean and occupies a large distribution 

area reaching up to Turkey. It penetrates northwards up to the Czech and 

Slovak Republics where runs the most northern boundary of its distribution 

area. It may be designated as the typical sub-Mediterranean species. 

Thirty eight species which are known so far only from the Iberian 

Peninsula may be regarded as endemic for the present time. They have not 

been recorded in any other country and seem to be restricted to the Iberian 

Peninsula. It is necessary to emphasize that they may be revealed in 

some of other countries in the future. As a true endemic may be regarded 

only such species which are associated with host plants endemic to Iberian 

Peninsula, as for example Dasineura halimii and D. herminii causing galls 

on Halimium spp. (Fig. 43). 

The following 38 species may be regarded as endemic for the present 

time: Ametrodiplosis nivea, Aspondylia adenocarpi, A. pterosparti, A. tavaresi, 

Blastodiplosis thalictricina, Contarinia pimpinellae, C. piri, C. rumicina, 

Dasineura asparagi, D. bragancae, D. coronillae, D. elegans, D. halimii, 

D. herminii, D. ilicis, D. mariae, D. vicicola, Dryomyia dubia, Endopsylla 

endogena, Janetiella maculata, Lasioptera ariasis, Lestodiplosis aestiva, L. 

hyperici, L. marini, L. quercina, L. quercus, Macrolabis scrophulariae, Rhopalomyia 

ambrosinae, R. hispanica, R. salsolae, R. salsolata, R. santolinae, 

R. tavaresi, Spartiomyia martinsi, Stefaniola parva, S. salsolae, all of the 

subfamily Cecidomyiinae, and Aprionus wildeni and Peromyia suberis of 

the subfamily Lestremiinae. 

Of all, only 13 species (5%) belonging to the subfamily Lestremiinae have 

the true Holarctic distribution. Some species of the subfamily Cecidomyiinae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


show also the Holarctic distribution but they are primarily European or Euro- 

Siberian species which were secondarily transferred or introduced to the Nearctic 

Region along with host plants, as for example Dasineura mali, D. pyri, 

Mayetiola destructor, Monarthropalpus fl avus and Zeuxidiplosis giardi. 

Dasineura gleditchiae and Prodiplosis vaccinii are immigrants which 

came in Europe from the Nearctic Region. They may be considered to be 

invasive which abruptly occurred in the territory of Iberian Peninsula. 

The analysis of gall midge fauna of Iberian Peninsula supported the division 

of the Iberian Peninsula in two biogeographical provinces proposed by 

UDVARDY (1975): in the Province of Iberian Highlands in the north-west 

which is inhabited mainly by European and Euro-Siberian species and the 

Mediterranean Province comprising the rest of the Peninsula with typical 

Mediterranean species. 

COMMENTS 

It was necessary to delete the species Rabdophaga clausilia (Bremi, 

1847) given in the lists of SKUHRAVÁ et al. (1996, 2002) (as Dasineura 

clausilia) the galls of which were reported to be found on Salix babylonica 

in Spain; this host is only present in some gardens in the Iberian Peninsula. 

The galls of R. clausilia in the form of narrow rolled leaf margin which 

were illustrated in the Bremi´s paper (1847: Taf. 2, Fig. 33 as C. clausilia 

on Salix alba) are not caused by the gall midge larvae but by the eriophyid 

mites, probably by Aculus magnirostris (Nalepa) (Acarina: Eriophyidae); so 

we think it is a erroneus identification. 

It was necessary to delete the species Dryomyia circinans (Giraud, 1861) 

and Janetia cerris (Kollar, 1850) (= Lasioptera cerris Kollar = Arnoldia 

cerris (Kollar)), causing galls on leaves of Quercus cerris because this oak 

species is not present in the Iberian Peninsula so the occurrence of these 

two gall midges are doubtful in Spain. The galls of both species were reported 

by MACEIRA (1911) from Galicia. On the other hand, the galls of 

gall midge species associated with Quercus cerris were several times found 

in outlying localities very far from the natural occurrence of the host plant 

species, as it is shown in the map in the chapter of Skuhravá et al. (1984: 

214), but always in this host. 

Also the occurrence of two other species is doubtful. COGOLLUDO 

(1921) reported the galls of Rabdophaga karschi on Salix repens L. var. 

argentea. Galls of this species were decribed to occur on Salix aurita. The 

causer of the galls on Salix repens may be Rabdophaga schicki Stelter, 1982, 

which were described on adults reared from Salix repens L. ssp. rosmarini- 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

136 


folia in Germany (STELTER, 1982). It is necessary to confirm its presence 

by the examination of material of galls, adults and larvae. COGOLLUDO 

(1921) reported galls of Dasineura sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803) on flower 

buds of Sisymbrium irio L. (Brassicaceae). D. sisymbrii was originally 

described from galls on Nasturtium sylvestre L. (now correctly Rorippa 

sylvestris (L.) Bess.). It may cause galls also on other genera and species 

of Brassicaceae but it is not possible to exclude that another gall midge 

species on Sisymbrium irio develops. It is necessary to solve this problem 

by finding new material of galls on Sisymbrium irio, to rear adults and 

compare morphological characters of adults and larvae. 

Tavares incorrectly identified the host plant species of two gall midge 

species, viz. Spartiomyia martinsi and Navasia santolinae. TAVARES (1902a: 

65) in his description of Spartiomyia martinsi gave as the host plant species 

„Retama sphaerocarpa (Bss.) (= Spartium sphaerocarpum L.)“ but in the 

reprint is by own Tavares´s hand written: Genista lusitanica L. (this host 

plant species is given also in the figure joined to this paper). TAVARES 

(1916a:136 gave the correct information that the host plant species is Genista 

lusitanica L. GAGNÉ (2004) gives incorrectly as the host plant Retama 

sphaerocarpa (Fabaceae). According to the present botanical nomenclature 

given in CASTROVIEJO et al. (1986-2005), the valid name of this host 

plant species is Echinospartum ibericum. 

GAGNÉ (2004) gave the new name Rhopalomyia ambrosinae for Navasia 

santolinae Tavares, 1919: 34 and gave Ambrosia sp. as the host plant. 

TAVARES (1919: 34) in his description of Navasia santolinae gave as the 

host plant Santolina chamaecyparissus L. and in the same article (TAVARES, 

1919: 96) he informed that he made a mistake and that the correct host plant 

species is Artemisia herba-alba Asso. Therefore, Rhopalomyia ambrosinae 

causes galls on Artemisia herba-alba and not on Ambrosia sp. as GAGNÉ 

(2004) gave in his Catalog. 

Other problem are the gall midges associated with Prunella spp. TAVARES 

(1907) described Macrolabis brunellae from the galls on Prunella (Brunella) 

vulgaris which were found in Portugal. RÜBSAAMEN (1921) described 

Macrolabis brunellae from similar galls on Prunella grandiflora that were 

found in Germany. The article of RÜBSAAMEN (1921) was published after 

the death of Rübsaamen (+1919) due to the responsibility of HEDICKE 

(1938) who gave a new name - Macrolabis ruebsaameni to the species described 

by Rübsaamen. Hedicke believed that it is a different species. The 

first author (M.S.) compared the descriptions of both species and its biology 

and came to the conclusion that these species are identical. 

Similar problem is with the gall midge species described by TAVARES 

(1916a) as Contarinia silenei from the host plant Silene sp. Larvae of this 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


species develop in unopened swollen flower buds. TAVARES (1919) gave 

a precision to his older information and wrote that the galls are formed 

on Melandrium pratense Rocling (Lychnis dioica DC.), according to the 

present nomenclature Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. Contarinia silenei is in 

morphological characters given in the description very similar to Contarinia 

steini (Karsch, 1881) larvae of which develop in unopened swollen flower 

buds of Silene dioica. Therefore both species are considered to be identical 

and Contarinia silenei Tavares, 1916 is a new synonym of Contarinia 

steini (Karsch, 1881). 

Several other problems remain unsolved. TAVARES (1916a, 1919, 1922) 

reared from galls of five gall midge species also adults of the genus Lestodiplosis 

larvae of which preyed on larvae of gall-making gall midges. He 

described five species of the genus Lestodiplosis in belief that each species 

is prey-specific, i.e. that the larva of particular Lestodiplosis-species 

attacks only one particular species of the prey. This assumption resulted in 

the fact that about 90 species of the genus Lestodiplosis were described in 

the Palaearctic Region (SKUHRAVÁ, 1986). In the present some researchers 

suppose that species of the genus Lestodiplosis may be monophagous, 

polyphagous and some even generalist predators. To solve how many species 

of the genus Lestodiplosis exist in the reality, it is necessary to do a 

thorough revision of the genus Lestodiplosis both from the taxonomical and 

biological points of view. 

Twelve gall midge species belonging to the Iberian fauna were described 

by KIEFFER (1909) very insufficiently only on the basis of the shape of 

the gall on the host plant. Kieffer in some cases was not sure to which 

genus the new species belonged and indicated these species with the question 

mark. TAVARES (1920) reared two of Kieffer´s species and described 

adults of Contarinia lamii and Dasineura brunellae. NIJVELDT (1977) 

redescribed Perrisia aquilegiae Kieffer, 1909 and placed it in the genus 

Macrolabis Kieffer. It is the task for future researchers to find new material 

of these galls, to rear adults and to describe adults, larvae and pupae 

of these gall midge species. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

We thank Dr. Iñigo Sánchez, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, for verification 

of scientific names of the host plants and for valuable advice regarding the 

synonymy of host plant species. We also thank Dr. J. Baixeras, University 

of Valencia, and Dr. T. Garcia, Servicio de Sanidad Vegetal, Ronda del 

Salvador, Plasencia, for sending materials of Thecodiplosis brachyntera 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

138 


and Lasioptera ariasis, respectively. Finally, our thanks are due to X. Sanz 

i Carreras, M. Boada, Pere Luque and Dr. Marta Goula for sending us the 

galls of Contarinia coryli, C. petioli, Lasioptera eryngii and Lasioptera 

rubi, respectively. 

REFERENCES 

ALFARO, A., 1955. Mayetiola destructor Say y Mayetiola mimeuri Mesnil, en Zaragoza. 

Bol. Pat. Veget. Entomol. Agricola, 21: 85-116. 

ASKEW, R. R., 1994. Two new European species of Ormyrus (Hymenoptera, Ormyridae). 

Entomol. Mon. Mag., 130: 87-93. 

ASKEW, R. R., 1997. Two new species of Idiomacromerus Crawford (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, 

Torymidae) from Spain. Misc. Zool., 20: 65-70. 

ASKEW, R. R., BLASCO-ZUMETA, J. & PUJADE-VILLAR J., 2001. Chalcidoidea y Mymarommatoidea 

(Hymenoptera) de un sabinar de Juniperus thurifera L. en Los Monegros, 

Zaragoza. Monografias S.E.A., 4: 1-76. 

BELLIDO, D., ROS-FARRÉ, P. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 2003. Col.lecció Vilarrúbia I: gal. 

les dipositades al Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona. Ses. Entom. ICHN-SCL, 12: 109- 

138. 

BREMI, J. J., 1847. Beiträge zu einer Monographie der Gallmücken, Cecidomyia Meigen. 

Neue Denkschr. allg. schweiz. Ges. ges. Naturw., 9: 1-72. 

BUHL, P. N., 1998. Platygasteridae (Hymenoptera) species of Juniperus thurifera L. forest of 

Los Monegros Region (Zaragoza, Spain). Zapateri Revta. Aragon. Entomol., 8: 11-42. 

CALVO, D., MOLINA, J. M., SKUHRAVÁ, M., in press. Prodiplosis vaccinii (Felt, 1926), 

an introduced pest of blueberries in southwestern Spain. (in press) 

CARLES-TOLRÁ HJORTH-ANDERSEN, M. (coordinador), 2002. Catálogo de los Diptera 

de España, Portugal y Andorra (Insecta). Monografias S. E. A., 8: 323 pp. 

CASTROVIEJO, S. (editor), 1986-2005. Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península 

Ibérica e Islas Baleares. (12 vols.). Ed. Real Jardín Botánico-C.S.I.C. Madrid. 

COGOLLUDO, J., 1921. Contribución al conocimiento de las zoocecidias de España. Trab. 

Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat., Ser. Bot., 16: 1-117. 

COUTIN, R. & KATLABI, H., 1986. Cecidomyiidae, pp. 95-113. In: Arambourg Y.: Traite 

dÉntomologie oleicole. Conseil Oleicole International, Juan Bravo, Madrid. 

ENDERLEIN, G., 1936: 22. Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In: Brohmer P., Ehrmann P. & 

Ulmer G. (eds.): Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas. Vol. 6. Insekten. III. Teil. Leipzig: 259 

pp. 

ESTAL, P., SORIA, S. & VINUELA, E., 1998. Nota de la presencia en España de Dasineura 

gleditchiae (Osten Sacken), sobre acacia de tres espinas. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 24: 

225-230. 

FEDOTOVA, Z.A., 2000. Plant-feeding gall-midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of the deserts 

and mountains of Kazakhstan: Morphology, biology, distribution, phylogeny and systematics. 

Samara: 803 pp. (in Russian). 

GAGNÉ, R. J., 1989. The plant-feeding gall midges of North America. Cornell University 

Press, Ithaca and London, 356 pp. 

GAGNÉ, R. J., 1994. The gall midges of the Neotropical Region. Cornell University Press, 

Ithaca and London, 352 pp. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


GAGNÉ, R. J., 2004. A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. Mem. Entomol. 

Soc. Wash. 25: 408 pp. 

HARRIS, K. M., 1968. A systematic revision and biological review of the cecidomyiid predators 

(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on world Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Trans.R. 

Entomol. Soc. Lond., 119: 401-494. 

HARRIS, K. M., 1994. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae): Classification and biology. Pp. 201-210. 

In: Williams M. A. J. (ed.): Plant Galls. Organisms, Interactions, Populations. Oxford: 

Systematics Association Special Volume 49. 

HARRIS, K. M., 2004. Specialist and generalist cecidomyiid predators on aphids, mites, 

scale insects and other invertebrates. Entomologica, Bari, 38: 29-40. 

HEDICKE, H., 1938. In: Rübsaamen E.H. & Hedicke H. (pp.290-291): Die Cecidomyiden 

(Gallmücken) und ihre Cecidien. Zoologica, 77 (29): 265-296. 

HIERONYMUS, G., 1890. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der europäischen Zoocecidien und der 

Verbreitung derselben. Jahresb. Schless. Ges. Vater. Cultur Breslau, 68: 49-272. 

HOUARD, C., 1906. Glanures cécidologiques. Marcellia, 5: 65-69. 

HOUARD, C., 1908-1909. Les zoocécidies des plantes dÉurope et du Bassin de la Méditerranée. 

A. Hermann et fils, Paris, 1247 pp. 

HOUARD, C., 1913. Les collections cécidologiques du Laboratoire dÉntomologie du Museum 

d´Histoire naturelle de Paris: Galles du Dr. P. Marchal. Marcellia, 12: 13-16. 

HOUARD, C., 1918. Galles dÉurope. Marcellia, 16 (1917): 108-125. 

HOUARD, C., 1932. Joaquim da Silva Tavares, cécidologue portugais (1866-1931). Marcellia, 

27: 107-119. 

JASCHHOF, M., 1998. Revision der “Lestremiinae” (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) der Holarktis. 

Studia Dipterologica, Suppl. 4: l-552. 

JASCHHOF, M., 2000. Catotrichinae subfam.n.: a re-examination of higher classification in 

gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomol. Science, 3: 639-652. 

KIEFFER, J. J., 1907. Eine neue endoparasite Cecidomyide. Zeitschrift für systematische 

Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7: 129-130. 

KIEFFER, J. J., 1909. Contributions a la connaissance des insectes gallicoles. Bulletin de 

la Société d´Histoire Naturelle de Metz, 2 (3) 1-35. 

LÁZARO, B., 1915. Noticias de algunas agallas de España. Asoc. Esp. Progr. Cienc., 6: 5-59. 

LEITE, S., 1931. J. S. Tavares. Brotéria, 1931: 273-297. 

LÓPEZ-BRAŇA, I., 1993. Primeros resultados de resistencias de plantas de trigo a la 

plaga Mayetiola destructor Say en Badajoz. IV jordanas científicas de la S.E.E.L. 

(actas): 69. 

LUISIER, A., 1932. In memoriam le R. P. J. da Silva Tavares, S. J. Brotéria, 1932: 1-26. 

MACEIRA, G., 1911. Las agallas foliares de los robles. Publicación oficial, Ministerio de 

Fomento. Dirección general de Agricultura, Minas y Montes, 34 pp. 

MELIC, A. & BLASCO-ZUMETA, J. (eds.), 1999. Manifiesto Científico por Los Monegros. 

Volumen Monográfico. Bol. Soc. Entomol. Arag., 24 (1998): 1-266. 

MEYER, H., 1984. Experimentell-ökologische Untersuchungen an Gallmücken (Cecidomyiidae 

– Diptera) in Salzwiesenbereichen Nordwestdeutschlands. Faunistisch-Ökologische 

Mitt., Suppl. 5: 1-124. 

MÖHN, E., 1966-1971. 6.L. Cecidomyiidae (= Itonididae). In: Lindner E. (editor): Die 

Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. 2(2): Lieferungen: 269: 1-48 (1966), 273: 49-96 

(1968), 274: 97-160 (1968), 277: 161-200 (1969), 288: 201-248 (1971). 

MORRAL, J. del, 1993a. Importancia de los parásitos útiles en el control de Mayetiola 

destructor Say. IV jornadas científicas de la S.E.E.L. (actas): 100. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

140 


MORRAL, J. del, 1993b. Relación de la fitotecnia de trigo noc el parasitismo de Mayetiola 

destructor Say. IV jornadas científicas de la S.E.E.L. (actas): 121. 

MORRAL, J. del, 1993c. Valoración de la importancia de la plaga de Mayetiola destructor Say 

sobre el cultivo de trigo en Badajoz. IV jornadas científicas de la S.E.E.L. (actas): 100. 

MORRAL, J. del, MEJÍAS, A., CHACÓN, A., DELIVES, A., LÓPEZ-BRAÑA, I., MAR- 

TÍN, J. A., SIN, E. & MARTÍNEZ, C., 1994. Consideraciones para el desarrollo de 

un programa de sanidad respecto a la plaga Mayetiola destructor Say en los trigos de 

Badajoz. I Congr. Soc. esp. Agric. Ecol., Toledo, 120-127. 

NIJVELDT, W., 1977. Notes on Cecidomyiidae, II. Entomol. Ber., 37: 88-92. 

OCETE, R. & SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1996. Nota sobre la presencia de Arthrocnodax vitis Rübsaamen 

(Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) en erineos de poblaciones de vid silvestre de la región 

subbética. Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 22: 465-468. 

PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 1981. Els cecidis: estructures importants per conèixer. Escletxa, 1: 

11-19. 

PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 1990. Notes sobre Mikiola fagi (Hartig) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) 

i de la fauna associada als seus cecidis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae, 

Torymidae, Eulophidea, Eupelmidae) a la fageda de Santa Fe del Montseny. Ses. Entom. 

ICHN-SCL, VI (1989): 77-85 

RÜBSAAMEN, E. H., 1921, Cecidomyiden-Studien VII. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift,1921: 

33-52. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1986. Cecidomyiidae. Pp.: 72-297. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds): Catalogue 

of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 4. Sciaridae-Anisopodidae. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science 

Publishers & Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 441 pp. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1987. Analysis of areas of distribution of some Palaearctic gall midge 

species (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). Cecidologia Internationale, 8: 1-48. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1989. Taxonomic changes and records in Palaearctic Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). 

Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 86: 202-233. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1994a. The zoogeography of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the 

Czech Republic. I. Evaluation of faunistic researches in the 1855-1990 period. Acta 

Soc. Zool. Bohem., 57 (1993): 211-293. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1994b. The zoogeography of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the 

Czech Republic. II. Review of gall midge species including zoogeographical diagnoses. 

Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 58: 79-126. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1996. A new gall midge species, Etsuhoa thuriferae sp. n. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), 

from galls on Juniperus thurifera L. (Cupressaceae) in Spain. Zapateri 

Rev. aragon. Entomol., 5(1995): 135-146. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1997a. Cecidomyiidae. Pp.71-204. In: Papp L. & Darvas B. (eds): Contributions 

to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocera and Lower Brachycera. 

Budapest: Science Herald, 592 pp. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1997b. Gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of the Czech and Slovak 

Republics as members of zoogeographical units in the Palaearctic Region. Folia Fac. 

Sci. Nat. Univ. Masarykianae Brunensis, Biol., 95: 149-171. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., BLASCO-ZUMETA, J. & PUJADE–VILLAR, J., 2002. Cecidomyiidae. Pp.: 

21-25. In: Carles-Tolrá Hjorth-Andersen (coordinador): Catálogo de los Diptera de España, 

Portugal y Andorra (Insecta). Monografias Soc. Entomol. Aragonesa, 8: 1-323. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., BLASCO-ZUMETA, J. & SKUHRAVÝ, V., 1993. Gall midges (Diptera, 

Cecidomyiidae) of Aragón (Spain). A review of species found in the period 1890-1990 

with new records for the Monegros region. Zapateri Rev. arag. Entomol., 3: 27-36. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


SKUHRAVÁ, M. & GARCÍA, T. M., 2001. A new gall midge species Lasioptera ariasis sp. 

n. damaging fruits of Prunus cerasus (Rosaceae) in Spain. (in prep.). 

SKUHRAVÁ, M. & SKUHRAVÝ, V., 1999. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Hungary. 

Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., 91: 105-139. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M. & SKUHRAVÝ, V., 2001. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Mallorca 

(Balearic Islands, Spain). Boln. Asoc. esp. Entomol., 28: 105-119. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., SKUHRAVÝ, V., BLASCO-ZUMETA, J. & PUJADE-VILLAR, J., 1996. 

Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of the Iberian Peninsula. Boln. Asoc. Esp. Entomol., 

20: 41-61. 

SKUHRAVÁ, M., SKUHRAVÝ, V. & BREWER, J. W., 1984. Biology of gall midges. Pp. 

169-222. In: Ananthakrishnan T. N.: Biology of Gall Insects. Oxford & IBH Publishing 

Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, 362 pp. 

SKUHRAVÝ, V. & SKUHRAVÁ, M., 1999. Gall midges (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) of Los 

Monegros require protection of their biotops. Pp.131-135. In: Melic A. & Blasco-Zumeta, 

J. (eds): Manifiesto Científico por Los Monegros. Volumen Monográfico. Bol. 

Soc. Entomol. Arag., 24 (1998): 1-266. 

STELTER, H., 1965. Untersuchungen über Gallmücken XI. Inulomyia subterranea (Frauenfeld, 

1861) Stelter n. g., Contarinia inulicola Stelter n. sp. nebst hinweisen auf einige Gallen 

an Inula-Arten durch ungeklärte Gallmücken. Marcellia, 32: 89-110. 

STELTER, H., 1982. Untersuchungen über Gallmücken XXIII. Die Gallmücken an Salix repens 

(Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Entomol. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden, 45 (1981): 15-33. 

STELTER, H., 1992. Untersuchungen über Gallmücken XXXI. Über einige Gallmücken in 

Blattgallen an Vicia-Arten aus Mitteleuropa (Insecta, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Entomol. 

Abh. Staatl. Mus. Naturk. Dresden, 54: 173-182. 

STELTER, H. 1993. Untersuchungen über Gallmücken XXXVIII: Synonyme europäischer 

Arten der Gattung Rabdophaga Westwood, 1847. Beitr. Entomol., 43: 387-391. 

STROBL, G. 1900. Spanische Dipteren. X. Theil. Wien. Entomol. Ztg., 19: 92-100. 

STROBL, G. 1906. Spanische Dipteren. II. Beitrag. Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 3(5): 

271-422. 

SYLVÉN, E. & TASTAS-DUQUE, R., 1993. Adaptive, taxonomic, and phylogenetic aspects 

of female abdominal features in Oligotrophini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) and four new 

Dasineura species from the Western Palaearctic. Zool. Scripta, 22: 277-298. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1902a. As zoocecídias Portuguezas. Ann. Sci. Nat. Porto, 7: 17-109. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1902b. As zoocecídias Portuguezas. Addenda. Brotéria, 1: 97-142. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1902c. Description de deux Cécidomyies nouvelles. Marcellia, 1: 98- 

100. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1902d. Descripçao de tres Cecidomyias novas. Brotéria, 1: 182-185. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1903. Zoocecídias novas para a fauna Portugueza. Brotéria, 2: 160-179. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1904a. Descripçao de duas Cecidomyias novas. Brotéria, 3: 298-301. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1904b. Descripçao de tres cecidomyias Hespanholas novas. Brotéria, 

3: 293-297. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1905a. Synopse das zoocecidias Portuguezas. Brotéria, 4: 1-123. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1905b. Descripçao de uma Cecidomyia nova. Brotéria, 4: 260-261. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1906. Notas Cecidologicas. Brotéria, 5: 77-80. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1907a. Primeiro appendice a synopse das zoocecidias Portuguezas. 

Brotéria, 6: 109-134. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1907b. Diagnose de trois Cécidomyes nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Port. Sci. 

Nat., 1: 1-5. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

142 


TAVARES, J. da S., 1909. As cecidias do Gerez. Brotéria, 8: 107-120. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1913. Dernières nouveautes cecidologiques du Portugal. Brotéria, 11: 

199-215. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1914. Dernieres nouveautes cecidologiques du Portugal. Brotéria, 12: 

18-56. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1916a. Espécies e variedades novas de Cynípidas e Cecidomyias da 

Península Ibérica e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. Brotéria, 14: 65-137. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1916b. Descripçao de duas Contarinias novas. Brotéria, 14: 188-195. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1918. Espécies novas de Cynípidas e Cecidomyias da Península Ibérica 

e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. II. Série. Brotéria, 16: 130-141. 


e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. II. Série. Brotéria, 17: 5-101. 


e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. III. Série. Brotéria, 18: 43-74. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1921. Cecídias novas para Espanha. Brotéria, 19: 30-68. 


e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. IV. Série. Brotéria, 20: 97-155. 


e descripçao de algumas já conhecidas. V. Série. Brotéria, 21: 1-48. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1930. Cecídias de Zumárraga (Guipúzcoa, Espanha). Brotéria, 26: 113- 

119. 

TAVARES, J. da S., 1931. Cecidia nova seu quae hucusque in Peninsula Ibérica non innotuerunt. 

Brotéria, 26: 69-96. 

TROTTER, A., 1899. Prima communicatione intorno alle galle (zoocecidii) del Portugallo. 

Bull. Soc. Brot., 16: 196-202. 

TROTTER, A., 1900. Seconda communicatione intorno alle galle del Portugallo. Bol. Soc. 

Brot., 17: 155-158. 

TROTTER, A., 1902a. Terza communicatione intorno alle galle (zoocecidii) del Portugallo. 

Bol. Soc. Brot, 18: 152-162. 

TROTTER, A., 1902b. Elenco di galle eaccolte in Ispagna. Marcellia, 1: 122-126. 

TUTIN, T. G., HEYWOOD, V. H., BURGES, N. A., VALENTINE, D. H., WALTERS, S. M. 

& WEBB, A. A., 1964-1980: Flora Europaea. Cambridge: Univ. Press, 1 (1964): 428 

pp, 2 (1968): 420 pp., 3 (1972): 370 pp., 4 (1976): 505 pp., 5 (1980): 510 pp. 

UDVARDY, M. D. F., 1975. A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. 

IUCN Occasional Paper No.18, Morges, Switzerlans, 48pp. 

VENTALLÓ, D., 1905. Algunas zoocecidias de Tarrassa. Bull. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 

Barcelona, 1905: 65. 

VILARRÚBIA, A., 1936. Les zoocecídies de les plantes de Catalunya. Treb. Mus. Cienc. 

Nat. Barcelona, Ser. entomol. 11(10): 1-106. 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


Appendix 1. List of host plants attacked by gall midges in the Iberian Peninsula 

Apéndice 1. Listado de plantas huésped atacadas por cecidómidos en la Península 

Ibérica 

Host plant species 

Achillea ageratum 

Adenocarpus complicatus 

Adenocarpus telonensis 

Alyssum alyssoides 

Anabasis articulata 

Anthemis cotula 

Anthemis tuberculata 

Arthrocnemum fruticosum 

Aquilegia vulgaris 

Artemisia campestris 

Artemisia crithmifolia 

Artemisia herba-alba 

Artemisia vulgaris 

Asparagus acutifolius 

Asparagus aphyllus 

Asperula cynanchica 

Astragalus lusitanicus 

Atriplex halimus 

Bassia prostrata (Kochia prostrata) 

Brassica napus 

Bryonia cretica 

Bupleurum fruticescens 

Buxus sempervirens 

Calicotome spinosa 

Camphorosma monspeliaca 

Carex arenaria 

Gall midge species 

Ozirhincus millefolii 

Rhopalomyia millefolii 

Asphondylia adenocarpi 

Asphondylia adenocarpi 

Dasineura alyssi 

Stefaniola vastita 

Ozirhincus anthemidis 

Ozirhincus tanaceti 

Baldratia salicorniae 

Macrolabis aquilegiae 

Rhopalomyia artemisiae 

Rhopalomyia baccarum 

Rhopalomyia tubifex 


Rhopalomyia ambrosinae 

Rhopalomyia hispanica 

Rhopalomyia navasi 

Rhopalomyia producticeps 

Rhopalomyia tavaresi 


Dasineura turiorum 

Dasineura asparagi 

Dasineura asperulae 

Dasineura mariae 

Asphondylia conglomerata 

Stefaniella brevipalpis 

Stefaniella trinacriae 

Kochiomyia kochiae 

Contarinia nasturtii 

Jaapiella bryoniae 

Jaapiella parvula 

Lasioptera carophila 

Monarthropalpus flavus 

Asphondylia calycotomae 

Contarinia camphorosmae 

Planetella arenariae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

144 



Carex riparia 

Carum carvi 

Cerastium glomeratum 

Cerastium fontanum 

Chamaemelum nobile 

Chamaespartium tridentatum 

Cornus sanguinea 

Coronilla glauca 

Coronilla minima 

Corylus avellana 

Crataegus monogyna 

Cucubalus baccifer 

Cytisus grandiflorus 

Cytisus multiflorus (C. albus) 

Cytisus scoparius (Sarothamnus scoparius) 

Cytisus striatus (C. patens) 

Daphne gnidium 

Daucus carota 

Dorycnium gracile (D. herbaceum) 

Echinospartum ibericum (E. lusitanicum) 

Emerus major (Coronilla emerus) 

Ephedra distachya 

Erica aragonensis 

Erica arborea 


Wachtliella caricis 


Dasineura cerastii 

Dasineura cerastii 

Ozirhincus longicollis 

Asphondylia pterosparti 

Craneiobia corni 

Dasineura coronillae 

Asphondylia coronillae 

Contarinia coryli 

Contarinia anthobia 

Dasineura crataegi 

Dasineura oxyacanthae 

Jaapiella cucubali 

Asphondylia sarothamni 

Dasineura tubicoloides 

Asphondylia cytisi 

Dasineura trotteri 

Janetiella maculata 

Asphondylia sarothamni 

Contarinia scoparii 



Jaapiella sarothamni 

Janetiella tuberculi 

Lestodiplosis marini, zoophagous 



Janetiella tuberculi 

Dasineura daphnes 


Asphondylia dorycnii 

Jaapiella genisticola 

Spartiomyia martinsi 

Asphondylia coronillae 

Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis 

Wachtliella ericina 

Dasineura ericaescopariae 

Dasineura zimmermanni 

Myricomyia mediterranea 


Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006



Erica australis (E. aragonensis) 

Erica ciliaris 

Erica erigena (E. herbacea) 

Erica scoparia 

Erica terminalis (E. stricta) 

Erica umbellata 

Erodium moschatum 

Erophaca baetica (Astragalus lusitanicus) 

Erucastrum incanum 

Eryngium campestre 

Euphorbia amygdaloides 

Euphorbia cyparissias 

Euphorbia nicaeensis 

Fagus sylvatica 

Filipendula ulmaria 

Foeniculum vulgare 

Fraxinus angustifolia 

Fraxinus excelsior 

Galium aparine 

Galium broterianum 

Galium debile (G. palustre) 

Galium lucidum 

Galium mollugo 

Galium uliginosum 

Galium verrucosum (G. saccharatum) 

Genista anglica 

Genista falcata 

Genista pilosa 

Genista scorpius 


Dasineura elegans 



Dasineura broteri 






Dasineura elegans 

Dasineura erodiicola 

Dasineura mariae 


Lasioptera eryngii 

Spurgia euphorbiae 

Dasineura capsulae 

Spurgia euphorbiae 

Dasineura capsulae 

Hartigiola annulipes 

Mikiola fagi 

Phegomyia fagicola 

Dasineura ulmaria 

Kiefferia pericarpiicola 


Dasineura acrophila 

Dasineura acrophila 

Dasineura fraxini 

Dasineura aparines 

Geocrypta galii 

Dasineura hygrophila 

Schizomyia galiorum 

Ametrodiplosis auripes 


Schizomyia galiorum 

Dasineura galiicola 



Asphondylia genistae 

Jaapiella genistamtorquens 

Dasineura scorpii 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

146 



Genista tinctoria 

Gleditsia triacanthos 

Halimium alyssoides (H. occidentale) 

Halimium calycinum (H. commutatum, H. libanotis) 

Halimium ocymoides (H. heterophyllum) 

Hedera helix 

Heracleum sphondylium 

Hieracium pilosella 

Hippocrepis valentina 

Hypericum linariifolium 

Hypericum perforatum 

Hypericum pulchrum 

Hypericum tomentosum 

Hypericum undulatum 

Inula conyza 

Inula salicina 

Juniperus communis 

Juniperus oxycedrus 

Juniperus sabina 

Juniperus thurifera 

Kochia prostrata 

Lamium maculatum 

Laserpitium prutenicum 

Lavandula stoechas 

Leucanthemum vulgare 

Linum usitatissimum 

Lithospermum officinale 

Lonicera periclymenum 

Lotus corniculatus 



Dasineura gleditchiae 

Dasineura halimii 

Dasineura herminii 

Dasineura andrieuxi 

Dasineura halimii 

Dasineura kiefferi 

Macrolabis heraclei 

Cystiphora sanguinea 

Macrolabis hippocrepidis 

Dasineura serotina 

Dasineura hyperici 

Macrolabis marteli 

Zeuxidiplosis giardi 

Lestodiplosis hyperici, zoophagous 

Dasineura serotina 

Geocrypta braueri 


Trisopsis hyperici, zoophagous 

Lestodiplosis hyperici, zoophagous 



Neomikiella beckiana 

Inulomyia subterranea 

Oligotrophus juniperinus 

Oligotrophus panteli 

Arceuthomyia valerii 

Etsuhoa sabinae 

Etsuhoa thuriferae 

Kochiomyia kochiae 

Contarinia lamii 


Asphondylia tavaresi 

Rhopalomyia hypogaea 

Dasineura sampaina 

Dasineura lithospermi 

Dasineura periclymeni 

Asphondylia melanopus 

Contarinia loti 

Jaapiella loticola 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006



Lotus pedunculatus 

Lotus uliginosus 

Lychnis dioica 

Lythrum salicaria 

Margotia gummifera 

Medicago sativa 

Mentha pulegium 

Mentha suaveolens (M. rotundifolia) 

Mentha spicata (M. viridis) 

Olea europaea 

Ononis natrix (O. hispanica) 

Ononis spinosa 

Ononis tridentata 

Origanum virens 

Petroselinum crispum (P. sativum) 

Phillyrea angustifolia 

Phillyrea latifolia (P. media) 

Physospermum cornubiense (P. aquilegiaefolium) 

Pimpinella villosa 

Pinus sylvestris 

Polygonum amphibium 

Populus nigra 

Populus tremula 

Prunella vulgaris 

Prunus cerasus 

Prunus domestica 






Contarinia steini 

Clinodiplosis cilicrus 

Bayeriola salicariae 


Dasineura medicaginis 

Jaapiella medicaginis 

Asphondylia menthae 



Dasineura oleae 

Lasioptera berlesiana 

Resseliella oleisuga 

Asphondylia ononidis 



Blastomyia origani 


Braueriella phillyreae 

Dasineura rufescens 

Probruggmanniella phillyreae 

Braueriella phillyreae 

Dasineura rufescens 


Contarinia pimpinellae 

Thecodiplosis brachyntera 

Wachtliella persicariae 

Harmandiola globuli 

Contarinia petioli 

Dasineura populeti 

Harmandiola cavernosa 

Harmandiola tremulae 

Lasioptera populnea 

Ametrodiplosis nivea 

Dasineura brunellae 

Macrolabis brunellae 

Lasioptera ariasis 

Putoniella pruni 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

148 



Prunus spinosa 

Pteridium aquilinum 

Pterospartum tridentatum 

Pulicaria odora 

Pyrus communis 

Pyrus malus 

Quercus coccifera 

Quercus faginea 

Quercus pubescens (= Q. humilis) 

Quercus ilex 

Quercus lusitanica 

Quercus petraea 

Quercus pyrenaica 

Quercus robur 

Quercus suber 

Ranunculus repens 

Raphanus raphanistrum 

Rhamnus alaternus 

Rhododendron ferrugineum 


Putoniella pruni 

Dasineura pteridis 

Asphondylia pterosparti 

Acodiplosis pulicariae 

Dasineura pyri 

Contarinia piri 

Dasineura mali 

Contarinia luteola 

Phyllodiplosis cocciferae 

Dryomyia cocciferae 

Arnoldiola quercus 

Janetia panteli 

Macrodiplosis pustularis 



Macrodiplosis roboris 


Contarinia ilicis 

Contarinia luteola 

Dasineura ilicis 

Dryomyia lichtensteinii 

Dasineura squamosa 

Dasineura panteli 





Contarinia quercina 

Dasineura panteli 

Dasineura squamosa 

Lestodiplosis quercina, zoophagous 

Lestodiplosis quercus, zoophagous 



Polystepha quercus 

Parallelodiplosis galliperda 

Dryomyia lichtensteinii 


Dasineura ranunculi 

Gephyraulus raphanistri 


Asphondylia borzi 

Dasineura rhododendri 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006



Rorippa palustris 

Rosa canina 

Rosmarinus officinalis 

Rubus sp. 

Rubus caesius 

Rumex acetosella 

Ruta montana 

Salix alba 

Salix aurita 

Salix caprea 

Salix atrocinerea 

Salix fragilis 

Salix repens 

Salix triandra 

Salsola vermiculata (S. microphylla) 

Santolina chamaecyparissus 

Santolina rosmarinifolia 

Scrophularia canina 

Scrophularia scorodonia 

Scrophularia schousboei 



Dasineura rosae 

Dasineura rosmarini 

Lasioptera rubi 

Dasineura plicatrix 

Contarinia rumicis 

Contarinia rumicina 

Asphondylia rutae 

Rabdophaga albipennis 

Rabdophaga marginemtorquens 

Rabdophaga rosaria 

Iteomyia capreae 

Iteomyia major 

Rabdophaga clavifex 

Rabdophaga karschi 

Rabdophaga nervorum 

Rabdophaga pierrei 



Rabdophaga salicis 


Iteomyia major 


Rabdophaga nervorum 

Rabdophaga pierrei 


Rabdophaga terminalis 


Rabdophaga heterobia 

Rhopalomyia salsolae 

Rhopalomyia salsolata 

Stefaniola bilobata 

Stefaniola gloma 

Stefaniola parva 

Stefaniola salsolae 

Rhopalomyia navasina 

Rhopalomyia santolinae 

Rhopalomyia santolinae 

Rhopalomyia setubalensis 

Asphondylia scrophulariae 

Macrolabis scrophulariae 

Contarinia scrophulariae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

150 



Silene dioica (Lychnis dioica) 

Sisymbrium irio 

Sonchus oleraceus 

Sonchus tenerrimus 

Suaeda vera 

Suaeda vermiculata 

Tamarix gallica 

Tanacetum vulgare 

Taxus baccata 

Teucrium lusitanicum 

Teucrium salviastrum 

Teucrium scorodonia 

Thalictrum flavum (T. glaucum) 

Thymus sp. 

Thymus capitellatus 

Thymus mastichina 

Thymus pulegoides (T. serpyllum) 

Thymus villosus 

Tilia cordata 

Tilia platyphyllos 

Trifolium medium 

Trifolium repens 

Triticum vulgare 

Ulex europaeus 

Ulmus minor 

Urtica dioica 

Vaccinium corymbosum 

Verbascum nigrum 

Verbascum sinuatum 

Veronica micrantha 

Veronica chamaedrys 


Contarinia steini 

Clinodiplosis cilicrus 

Dasineura sisymbrii 

Cystiphora sonchi 

Cystiphora sonchi 

Baldratia suaedae 

Asphondylia swaedae 

Psectrosema provinciale 

Psectrosema tamaricis 

Ozirhincus tanaceti 

Taxomyia taxi 

Dasineura teucrii 



Ametrodiplosis thalictricola 

Blastodiplosis thalictricina 

Dasineura bragancae 

Lestodiplosis aestiva, zoophagous 

Asphondylia serpylli 

Bayeriola thymicola 

Janetiella thymi 

Bayeriola thymicola 



Contarinia tiliarum 

Contarinia tiliarum 

Dasineura tiliae 

Dasineura axillaris 

Dasineura trifolii 

Mayetiola destructor 

Asphondylia ulicis 

Dasineura ulmicola 

Janetiella lemeei 

Dasineura dioicae 

Dasineura urticae 

Prodiplosis vaccinii 

Asphondylia verbasci 

Asphondylia verbasci 

Jaapiella veronicae 

Jaapiella veronicae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006



Viburnum lantana 

Vicia angustifolia 

Vicia cracca 

Vicia disperma 

Vicia hirsuta 

Vicia sepium 

Vinca minor 

Viola canina 

Viola odorata 

Viola tricolor 

Vitis vinifera 


Sackenomyia reaumurii 

Dasineura vicicola 

Asphondylia ervi 

Dasineura viciae 

Asphondylia ervi 

Dasineura viciae 

Dasineura vincae 

Dasineura affinis 

Dasineura affinis 

Dasineura odoratae 

Dasineura violae 

Contarinia viticola 

Janetiella oenephila 

Arthrocnodax vitis, zoophagous 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

152 


Appendix 2. Distribution maps of gall midge species in the Iberian Peninsula. 

Apéndice 2. Mapa de distribución de las especies de cedidómidos en la península 

Ibérica. 

● Acodiplosis pulicariae 

○ Ametrodiplosis auripes 

● Ametrodiplosis nivea 

○ Ametrodiplosis thalictricola 

● Arceuthomyia valerii 

○ Arnoldiola quercus 

● Arthrocnodax vitis 

○ Asphondylia adenocarpi 

● Asphondylia borzi 

○ Asphondylia calycotomae 

● Asphondylia conglomerata 

○ Asphondylia coronillae 

● Asphondylia cytisi 

○ Asphondylia dorycnii 

● Asphondylia ervi 

○ Asphondylia genistae 

● Asphondylia melanopus 

○ Asphondylia menthae 

● Asphondylia ononidis 

○ Asphondylia pterosparti 

● Asphondylia rosmarini 

○ Asphondylia rutae 

● Asphondylia sarothamni 

○ Asphondylia scrophulariae 

● Asphondylia serpylli 

○ Asphondylia swaedae 

● Asphondylia tavaresi 

○ Asphondylia ulicis 

● Asphondylia verbasci 

● Baldratia salicorniae 

○ Baldratia suaedae 

● Bayeriola salicariae 

○ Bayeriola thymicola 

● Blastodiplosis thalictricina 

○ Blastomyia origani 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


● Braueriella phillyreae 

● Clinodiplosis cilicrus 

○ Contarinia anthobia 

● Contarinia camphorosmae 

○ Contarinia coryli 

● Contarinia ilicis 

○ Contarinia lamii 

● Contarinia loti 

○ Contarinia luteola 

● Contarinia nasturtii 

○ Contarinia petioli 

● Contarinia pimpinellae 

○ Contarinia piri 

● Contarinia quercina 

○ Contarinia rumicina 

● Contarinia rumicis 

○ Contarinia scoparii 

● Contarinia scrophulariae 

○ Contarinia steini 

● Contarinia tiliarum 

○ Contarinia viticola 

● Craneiobia corni 

○ Cystiphora sanguinea 

● Cystiphora sonchi 

○ Dasineura acrophila 

● Dasineura affinis 

○ Dasineura axillaris 

● Dasineura alyssi 

○ Dasineura andrieuxi 

● Dasineura aparines 

○ Dasineura asparagi 

● Dasineura asperulae 

○ Dasineura bragancae 

● Dasineura broteri 

○ Dasineura brunellae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

154 


● Dasineura capsulae 

○ Dasineura cerastii 

● Dasineura coronillae 

○ Dasineura crataegi 

● Dasineura daphnes 

○ Dasineura dioicae 

● Dasineura elegans 

○ Dasineura ericaescopariae 

● Dasineura erodiicola 

○ Dasineura fraxini 

● Dasineura galiicola 

○ Dasineura gleditchiae 

● Dasineura halimii 

○ Dasineura herminii 

● Dasineura hygrophila 

○ Dasineura hyperici 

● Dasineura ilicis 

○ Dasineura kiefferi 

● Dasineura lithospermi 

○ Dasineura mali 

● Dasineura mariae 

○ Dasineura medicaginis 

● Dasineura odoratae 

○ Dasineura oleae 

● Dasineura oxyacanthae 

○ Dasineura panteli 

● Dasineura periclymeni 

○ Dasineura plicatrix 

● Dasineura populeti 

○ Dasineura pteridis 

● Dasineura pyri 

○ Dasineura ranunculi 

● Dasineura rhododendri 

○ Dasineura rosae 

● Dasineura rosmarini 

○ Dasineura rufescens 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


● Dasineura sampaina 

○ Dasineura scorpii 

● Dasineura serotina 

○ Dasineura sisymbrii 

● Dasineura squamosa 

○ Dasineura teucrii 

● Dasineura tiliae 

○ Dasineura trifolii 

● Dasineura trotteri 

○ Dasineura tubicoloides 

● Dasineura turionum 

○ Dasineura ulmaria 

● Dasineura ulmicola 

○ Dasineura urticae 

● Dasineura viciae 

○ Dasineura vicicola 

● Dasineura vincae 

○ Dasineura violae 

● Dasineura zimmermanni 

○ Dicrodiplosis pseudococci 

● Dryomyia cocciferae 

○ Dryomyia dubia 

● Dryomyia lichtensteinii 

● Endopsylla endogena 

○ Etsuhoa sabinae 

● Etsuhoa thuriferae 

○ Geocrypta braueri 

● Geocrypta galii 

○ Gephyraulus raphanistri 

● Harmandiola cavernosa 

○ Harmandiola globuli 

● Harmandiola tremulae 

○ Hartigiola annulipes 

● Inulomyia subterranea 

○ Iteomyia capreae 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

156 


● Iteomyia major ● Jaapiella bryoniae ● Jaapiella cucubali 

○ Jaapiella genistamtorquens 

● Jaapiella genisticola 

○ Jaapiella loticola 

● Jaapiella medicaginis 

○ Jaapiella parvula 

● Jaapiella sarothamni 

○ Jaapiella veronicae 

● Janetia panteli 

● Janetiella lemeei 

○ Janetiella maculata 

● Janetiella oenephila 

● Janetiella thymi 

○ Janetiella tuberculi 

● Kiefferia pericarpiicola 

● Kochiomyia kochiae 

○ Lasioptera ariasis 

● Lasioptera berlesiana 

○ Lasioptera carophila 

● Lasioptera eryngii 

○ Lasioptera populnea 

● Lasioptera rubi 

○ Lestodiplosis aestiva 

● Lestodiplosis hyperici 

○ Lestodiplosis marini 

● Lestodiplosis quercina 

○ Lestodiplosis quercus 

● Macrodiplosis pustularis 

○ Macrodiplosis roboris 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


● Macrolabis aquilegiae 

○ Macrolabis brunellae 

● Macrolabis heraclei 

○ Macrolabis hippocrepidis 

● Macrolabis marteli 

○ Macrolabis scrophulariae 

● Mayetiola destructor 

○ Mikiola fagi 

● Monarthropalpus flavus 

○ Myricomyia mediterranea 

● Neomikiella beckiana 

○ Oligotrophus juniperinus 

● Oligotrophus panteli 

○ Ozirhincus anthemidis 

● Ozirhincus longicollis 

○ Ozirhincus millefolii 

● Ozirhincus tanaceti 

○ Parallelodiplosis galliperda 

● Phegomyia fagicola 

○ Phyllodiplosis cocciferae 

● Planetella arenariae 

○ Polystepha quercus 

● Probruggmanniella phillyreae 

○ Prodiplosis vaccinii 

● Psectrosema provincialis 

○ Psectrosema tamaricis 

● Putoniella pruni 

○ Rabdophaga albipennis 

● Rabdophaga clavifex 

○ Rabdophaga heterobia 

● Rabdophaga karschi 

○Rabdophaga marginemtorquens 

● Rabdophaga nervorum 

○ Rabdophaga pierrei 

● Rabdophaga rosaria 

○ Rabdophaga salicis 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

158 


● Rabdophaga terminalis 

○ Resseliella oleisuga 

● Rhopalomyia ambrosinae 

○ Rhopalomyia artemisiae 

● Rhopalomyia baccarum 

○ Rhopalomyia hispanica 

● Rhopalomyia hypogaea 

○ Rhopalomyia millefolii 

● Rhopalomyia navasi 

○ Rhopalomyia navasina 

● Rhopalomyia producticeps 

○ Rhopalomyia salsolae 

● Rhopalomyia salsolata 

○ Rhopalomyia santolinae 

● Rhopalomyia setubalensis 

○ Rhopalomyia tavaresi 

● Rhopalomyia tubifex 

○ Sackenomyia reaumurii 

● Schizomyia galiorum 

○ Spartiomyia martinsi 

● Spurgia euphorbiae 

○ Stefaniella brevipalpis 

● Stefaniella trinacriae 

○ Stefaniola bilobata 

● Stefaniola gloma 

○ Stefaniola parva 

● Stefaniola salsolae 

○ Stefaniola vastita 

● Taxomyia taxi 

○ Thecodiplosis brachyntera 

● Trisopsis hyperici 

○ Wachtliella caricis 

● Wachtliella ericina 

● Wachtliella persicariae 

○ Xerephedromyia ustjurtensis 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006


● Zeuxidiplosis giardi 

○ Anaretella defecta 

● Aprionus wildeni 

○ Bryomyia producta 

● Campylomyza flavipes 

○ Campylomyza fusca 

●Catocha latipes 

○ Gongromastix angustipennis 

● Lestremia cinerea 

○ Micromyia lucorum 

● Neurolyga fenestralis 

○ Peromyia palustris 

● Peromyia suberis 

○ Peromyia truncata 

● Polyardis adela 

○ Polyardis bispinosa 

● Polyardis silvalis 

○ Xylopriona toxicodendri 

Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 30 (1-2): 93-159, 2006

Libro 1.indb

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?