uasars by Franco John Masci A thesis submitted in total fulf
uasars by Franco John Masci A thesis submitted in total fulf
uasars by Franco John Masci A thesis submitted in total fulf
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
î<br />
Õ&Ö¾9Ãj.:†wÝðMݧÞÞÔDÚ§ÝLݧÞcÜx£Ú–ÝÙ>Ý ÓÝÙ9àÝEÙ=Þ<br />
ݧè]Ùcx?w=èÔ¤w{ݧÞwÔà]ÙáÜíâÞ±Ù Za6¨ùÝÚ]à Za6 ñ˜é1Þ±á}ÜÚÝÚ]àÞ±á}Üãsç°Û|ÜÚ]ÔÙwÔÙë†ÔDãÞcÜŒÜÔDÛŒðEî<br />
Ò°ÜÓ?Ýw=Ô<br />
ÜŒã©õ! âmÝEÚ]ãÞcÜx£Úaxâ"xè]ÙÔ¤w=Ü£ÔàHÔDÚEÔwÓ§ðvâmxyw©Ý<br />
]ú ÓݧÙãx£Û|Ý]ØÚEÙÝÚ]àMØ{ÔÞ±ÝÛ<br />
ݧèÝ]Ú]àLݧÚ]ãDÔÙoÝyw=Ô ÝÙÙFÝ]ØÔàIÖ Ý§Ú]àMÞ±áw=ÔDÔCàÝ]Ù‚Þ;Ô¢‹Þ<br />
Üã(õ! ÜŒÚ]ãÞcÜx£ÚMØ{ԷݧÙcÝw=ÔDÙÙŽÚÖmuÝÛÝãüÞ<br />
ݧÙÙcx‹ãÜŠ ]ú˜Öy¯áEÔ;ÝØ_xyÝ]ÚÞxâÙcxâÞ".:†wÝðYÝè]ÙFx?wëEÞcÜx£Ú ÜŒã«xâ†Þ±á]ÔÓݧÛÝãüÞ ãsá]Ýyw±ÝãüÞ±Ô¤wcÜÙ‚Þ<br />
ÜŒÚ]ãÞcÜx£Ú¡èð¡à}Ý]Ù=Þ(ãwFÝ]ãÜÝÛÛíð-àEÔDë†ÔDÚ]à]Ùjx£Ú{ÝCÚ§Ý]ØYè†Ôwxâë]áð‹ÙcÜãDÝÛ ÜÔÙxâ†Þ±á]Ô>Ýè]ÙFx?wè}ÜÚ]ÓCÓݧÙ!à}Ý]Ù=Þ(ØCÜ¢‹Þ Ýw=ÔÖ^õ/ÞAØŽÝ·ð¡è†Ôë[xÙÙcÜŒè]ÛԔ܌ڡÙcx£Ø{Ôã·Ý§ÙÔDÙ<br />
Ý`Þ±ÔDà¡ßnÜíÞ±áx£ëEÞcÜã·Ý§Û]Ô¢‹Þ<br />
ÜxÚ¥ÝÚ]àŽÚ]ÔDÓ£Û|Üè]ÛŒÔnx£ëEÞ ÜŒã·ÝÛ†Ô¢‹ÞcÜÚ]ãüÞ ÜxÚ¥ÝÙ«xè]ÙÔ¤w=Ü£ÔàÜÚ<br />
Ú§Ý]Ø-èÔ¤w«xâ¹áÜÓá8wÔà]ÙáÜíâÞ«wÝàÜx5žeÝ]ÝÙ±Ýyw=ÙèðM×:ÛŒÜeÜÙ|¦©¨méñM9?9NÏFîQÖ¥ ë}wcx£ë†Ôw‚Þ<br />
Ü|x£Ú<br />
ÞcxYáLÝ·Ü£ÔoÙ=ÞwFx£Ú]Ó¡.:†wÝðŽÝè]ÙFx?wë&Þ<br />
x§âIÞ±á]Ô;âmx£ÛŒÛxßnÜÚ]ÓÃE¦ èÔ©Ô¢&ë]ÛÝyÜÚ]ÔàŽèðÝÚð ØÔüÞsÝÛ†ÝÚEà¥á]ÔDÚEãDÔoà}Ý]Ù=Þ;ݧèÝ]Ú]àLݧÚ]ãDÔ ÏÝ]ãsávÝ-ÙFÜŒÞcÝLÝ§Þ ØÝ·ð<br />
ÛÜíÞÞÛÔ^w=ÔDà]àEÔDÚ x{ÙcÝw‚ÜÏÜíÜ£Ôzñ{xÚ]ÛŒðŽÛÝyw=Ó£ÔCÓ?w±ÝzÜÚ]ÙÔ£¢}ÜŒÙ=Þ;ß;áÜŒãsá–ãDÝyÝ]ÙÔ ÜŒÚ]Ó]Ö¥¯á]Ôx£ë]ë{x£ÙcÜíÞ±ÔCáxßkÔÜÔwñ†ß;á]Ôw=Ô'xÚ]Ô‚x£è]ÙÔ¤w=ÜÔDÙŽx£ÚEÛŒð¥Ù‚Þ wFx£Ú]ÓCx£ëEÞ ÜŒã·ÝÛmÔ£¢‹Þ ÜÚEãÞ Ü|x£Ú<br />
ÞcxÏx<br />
ãx£ÛŒà¡Ø_x£ÛŒÔDã¤Ý]ÛÝyw^ÔDÚÜeÜwFx£Ú]Ø{ÔDÚÞ±Ù3ß;á]Ô¤wÔ”.+Bw±Ý·ð¡Ý§è]Ùcx?w=ë<br />
á܌ӣáMâmx?wàÝ]Ù‚Þ;Þ<br />
ÞcÜx£ÚHßnÜŒÛÛ^èÔÜÚEÔÜe܌ޱÝè]ÛÔMéìÔDÓEÖ&·¤ÝÚEÓñAñM9?9EñÝ£îüÖ5¦©Ù ÝÚÃÜŒÚÜŒÞcÜÝÛmßEx?wç§ÜŒÚ]Ó–áð‹ë{xÞ±á]ÔÙcÜŒÙñ ÜíÜ£ÔDÛíð x§âáEÔ·Ý·ÜFð¡ØÔüÞsÝÛŒÙ"ÜÚw=ÔDÛݧÞ<br />
xyÝwCëwÔàÜãüÞ Ü|x£Ú]Ù§ÜÚHÞá]Ô¡Ú]Ô£¢&Þ Ù=ÔDãÞcÜx£Ú Ùá]ÝÛÛnÝÙÙFÝ]ØÔ{ÝÚÔ£¢&ÞcÜÚ]ãüÞ Ü|x£Ú/ÞcxqÓ£ÝÙoã¤x£ÛÝ]Ø{Ú<br />
ÜãDÝÛãxÚFÞcÜÚ§ÝÝ]Ø Ù=Ûx£ë†ÔDÙxâqænÝyw=çÔÙ®ž§ÝLÝÙÝywÙ<br />
ÜŒÙYàÝ]Ô¥Þcx wÔDàEà]ÔDÚÜŒÚ]Óèð¤àÝ]Ù‚Þ¢ñAÞ±á]ÔÚûÝÚ§Ý]Ø-èÔ¤wxâ>ÙcÜØ{ë]یԎëw=ÔDàÜŒãÞÜ|x£Ú]Ù/ÜŒÚÜ?x£ÛíÜÏÜŒÚ]Ó<br />
õ/â©Þ±á]ÔawÔÛݧÞcÜŒÜÔDÛŒð°ÛÝyw=Ó£ÔMÙë}wԷݧàëÜÚ¦x£ë&Þ<br />
ñjòó<br />
d<br />
d<br />
ðð Fraction Absorbed (%)<br />
100.0<br />
10.0<br />
1.0<br />
ïV<br />
A<br />
= 0.5 mag<br />
A<br />
ïV = 2 mag<br />
A<br />
ïV = 4 mag<br />
Th<strong>in</strong> l<strong>in</strong>e: z =0<br />
Thick l<strong>in</strong>e: z =1<br />
0.1<br />
0.1 1.0 10.0<br />
Observed Energy (keV)<br />
ÙFÜÓ£Ú}ÜLãDÝÚÞ±ÛŒð Û|xßxÔ¤wxÞ±áLݧڎޱáLÝ`Þ”x£è]Ù=Ôw=ÜÔDàÜÚÞ±á]Ô©Ûx‹ã·ÝÛ†õ! ]úÃñ‹Þ±ÔDØ{ë†Ôw±Ý`Þ Ýw=ÔDÙxÞáLݧÞÝzwÔ<br />
ÜŒÙ3ÚxÞ"ÜØ{ØÔàÜݧÞÔDÛíðÔ¢&ëÔãÞÔDà{ÙcÜÚEãDÔàÝ]Ù‚Þ²ÜÙ:ݧیßxÝð‹Ù:çFÚxß;Ú Þ xqâmx?w=Ø›âmwFx£Ø ݧãDãw=ÔÞcÜx£Ú<br />
ÜŒã‚xâ^Þá]ÔÓÝÛÝãÞcÜãoõ! Eú˜Ö<br />
òÔ*-ê 7 ):88<br />
Ü|x£ÚMÝÚ]àvØ{ÔÞsݧÛmÝèÝ]ÚEàLÝÚ]ãÔDÙ>ãsáLÝyw±Ý§ãÞ±Ô¤wcÜŒÙ=Þ ã¤x£ÚÜ£Ô¤wÙcÜ|x£Úgw=ÔDÛݧÞ<br />
1 ê<br />
'„å+Ñ#åBN<br />
/OóS (iòÎÒ R ê