First name: Natela Surname: Dogonadze

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti 

humanitarul-socialuri fakulteti 

mzia TofuriZe 

klasgareSe muSaobis Sinaarsi da organizeba inglisuri enis 

swavlebisas qarTul saSualo skolaSi V-IX klasebSi 

doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili 

disertacia 

Tbilisi 2008 

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Sesavali 

Tavi I. klasgareSe muSaobis miznebi da amocanebi inglisuri 

enis swavlebisas saSualo skolaSi (V-IX kl.) 

1.1. V-IX klasebis moswavleebis asakobriv-fsiqologiuri 

Taviseburebani ……………………………………………………………….. 13 

1.2. fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri faqtorebis zemoqmedeba 

moswavleebze klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi ……………………. 21 

1.3. klasgareSe muSaobis formebi da saxeebi …………………………... 26 

1.4. klasgareSe muSaobis miznebi da amocanebi ………………………… 30 

1.5. daskvna ………………………………………………………………………….. 33 

Tavi II. klasgareSe muSaobis Sinaarsi da organizeba V-IX klasebSi 

2.1. klasgareSe muSaoba zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis 

gasaviTareblad ………………………………………………………………. 35 

2.2. klasgareSe muSaoba kiTxvisa da Targmanis 

unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad ……………………………………………. 45 

2.3. ena da kultura ................................................................................................. 50 

2.4. Sesaswavli enis matarebeli eris (erebis) kulturis 

Seswavla klasgareSe muSaobisas ………………………………………. 56 

2.5. ucxouri enis specialuri miznebiT Seswavla klasgareSe 

muSaobisas …………………………………………………………………….. 59 

2.6. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis adgili klasgareSe muSaobaSi ….. 63 

2.7. testirebis roli klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi ………………. 67 

2.8. klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba ………………………………………. 69 

2.9. daskvna …………………………………………………………………………… 75 

Tavi III sakontrolo eqsperimenti 

3.1. eqsperimentis miznebi da meTodika ……………………………………… 77 

3.2. eqsperimentis msvleloba ………………………………………………….. 79 

3.3. miRebuli Sedegebis analizi ……………………………………………… 83 

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daskvna-rekomendaciebi ……………………………………………………… 88 

bibliografia …………………………………………………………………… 91 

danarTi …………………………………………………………………………… 97 

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Cvens qveyanaSi ucxouri enis Seswavlas yovelTvis didi mniSvneloba 

eniWeboda. bolo dros, Cvens sazogadoebaSi momxdar cvlilebebTan 

dakavSirebiT, gansakuTrebiT did interess Cveni moswavleebi, 

maswavleblebi da mkvlevarebi iCenen inglisuri enis swavla-swavlebisadmi. 

enis SeTvisebis warmateba didadaa damokidebuli imaze, saTanado enis 

garemoSi iswavleba igi Tu mis gareSe. swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodikaSi 

gamijnulia ori cneba: “meore ena” – ena, romelic iswavleba saTanado 

garemoSi (magaliTad, inglisSi inglisuri enis Semswavlel kursebze), da 

“ucxouri ena” – ena, romelic iswavleba saTanado garemos gareSe 

(magaliTad, saqarTveloSi Seswavlili inglisuri ena). “ucxouri enis” 

Seswavlisas misi praqtikulad gamoyenebis dro sakmaod SezRudulia, amis 

gamo rTuldeba misi Seswavla namdvilad komunikaciur doneze. amitom erT- 

erT efeqtur gamosavals warmoadgens klasgareSe muSaoba am enis unar- 

Cvevebis formireba-srulyofis mizniT. 

klasgareSe ewodeba im saganmanaTleblo-aRmzrdelobiT muSaobas, 

romelsac skola moswavleebTan gakveTilebis gareSe atarebs. Tu igi 

sworadaa organizebuli, klasgareSe muSaoba saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi 

muSaobis organul nawils warmoadgens. misi daniSnulebaa, moswavleebze 

moaxdinos zemoqmedeba maTi yovelmxrivi ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. mas 

didi mniSvneloba aqvs ucxouri enis aTvisebis saqmeSi. 

Cvens dRevandel realobaSi klasgareSe muSaobas dawyebiT klasebSiRa 

Tu aqvs adgili. klasgereSe muSaoba sabWoTa periodSi didwilad 

dakavSirebuli iyo ideologiur muSaobasTan, romlis gauqmebamac gamoiwvia 

klasgareSe muSaobis Semcireba. amas mravali sxva mizezic aqvs: 

maswavleblis dabali anazRaureba da isedac didi datvirTva, klasgareSe 

muSaobisaTvis anazRaurebis ararseboba, moswavleTa didi datvirTva 

skolaSi da mis gareSe. ucxouri (da, gansakuTrebiT, inglisuri) enis 

popularobis gamo SesaZlebeli da sasurvelicaa klasgareSe muSaobis 

organizeba, rasakvirvelia, ZiriTadad fasian (maswavleblisTvis) da 

nebayoflobiT (bavSvebisaTvis) safuZvelze. es moswavleebs did 

sargeblobas moutans, Tuki kalsgareSe muSaobis Sinaarsi da meTodebi 

SesabamisobaSi iqneba moyvanili Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebTan. 

klasgareSe muSaobas Tavisi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi aqvs, rac mkafiod 

ganasxavebs mas muSaobis sagakveTilo formisagan. klasgareSe muSaoba ar 

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aris Catarebis adgiliT an garedan mowodebuli programiT SezRuduli. 

yvelaferi damokidebulia moswavleTa da maTi mSoblebis “dakveTaze”, maT 

interesebsa da moTxovnilebebze, maswavleblis kvalifikaciasa da 

enTuziazmze. klasgareSe muSaobis nebismieri forma gamoricxavs codnis 

mkacr kontrols (niSnis saxiT), Tumca masac aqvs (ZiriTadad, dadebiTi) 

Sefasebis garkveuli formebi. 

klasgareSe muSaoba mimdinareobs sainteresod Sedgenili masalis 

gamoyenebiT, romelSic maswavlebels meti saSualeba aqvs asaxos sakuTari 

moswavleebis interesebi da Taviseburebebi. muSaobis forma xSirad 

gasarTobia, rac uwyobs xels enobrivi masalis latentur SeTvisebas, 

romelic, rogorc cnobilia, ufro iolia da amave dros ufro myari unar- 

Cvevebis formirebasac uzrunvelyofs [Алхазишвили, 1974, 1988, alxaziSvili, 

1997]. 

klasgareSe muSaobisas naklebad (Tu saerTod) aqvs adgili Secdomis 

daSvebis, dabali niSnis miRebis SiSs, rac saswavlo procesis dadebiT 

atmosferos uzrunvelyofs. 

klasgareSe muSaoba xels uwyobs bavSvis SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis 

ganviTarebas. am mizniT gansakuTrebiT efeqturia konkursebis, saRamoebis, 

olimpiadebis Catareba. 

klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi moswavleevi eCvevian gonebriv Sromas, 

praqtikulad iyeneben da aRrmaveben gakveTilze miRebul Teoriul codnas, 

saSualeba aqvT, gaamyaron Camoyalibebuli enobrivi unar-Cvevebi. k.d.uSinski 

aRniSnavda: “gonebrivi Sroma yvelaze mZimea adamianisaTvis; ocneba advili 

da sasiamovnoa, magram fiqri Znelia ara marto bavSvvebisTvis, aramed 

zrdadasrulebuli adamianebisTvisac ki. xSirad vxvdebiT sizarmacis 

faqtebs azrovnebasTan dakavSirebiT. adamians SeuZlia ufro iolad 

imuSaos mTeli dRe an ramdenime saaTis ganmavlobaSi yovelgvari azris 

gareSe, meqanikurad izepiros erTi da igive gverdi, vidre seriozulad 

ifiqros ramdenime wuTis manZilze. ufro metic, seriozuli gonebrivi 

Sroma ufro male Rlis aseT Sromas miuCvevel adamians, vidre yvelaze 

damRleli fizikuri Sroma” [Ушинский, 1951, gv. 39]. 

ucxouri enis Tanamedrove swavleba naklebad iTvaliswinebs enobrivi 

movlenebis gaazrebas, yuradRebis centri gadatanilia avtomatizmebis 

Camoyalibebaze, rac TavisTavad gamarTlebulia, magram analizuri tipis 

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mexsierebis mqone enis Semswavlelebs uWirT masalis SeTviseba misi Rrma 

analizis gareSe. garda amisa, enaSi namdvilad dainteresebul moswavleebs 

xSirad uCndebaT survili, ufro Rrmad gaerkvnen zogierT sakiTxebSi, risi 

saSualebac maT ar eZlevaT gakveTilze. cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebis 

saSualeba maT SeiZleba mieces klasgareSe muSaobisas. 

klasgareSe muSaoba skolaSi mravalferovania. igi emyareba garkveul 

principebs, romlebic mdgomareobs SemdegSi: mizanswrafuloba, 

Segnebuloba (im SemTxvevebis garda, roca misi motivacia garegania da 

modis maswavlebelisa Tu mSoblebisagan), aqtiuroba, nebayoflobiToba, 

interesi, SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlena gansazRvraven mis Sinaarss. 

klasgareSe muSaobisas ufro didi roli aqvs damoukidebel muSaobas. 

moswavleebi TviTon weren statiebs gazeTisaTvis, amzadeben sakonferencio 

moxsenebebs da a.S., maswavlebeli ki mxolod exmareba da mimarTulebas 

aZlevs maT saqmianobas. maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos imas, rom 

moswavleebSi ganaviTaros klasgareSe muSaobis siyvaruli da interesi, 

monawileoba miaRebinos maT klasgareSe muSaobaSi, romelic unda 

atarebdes praqtikul xasiaTs. 

ucxouri enis maswavleblis moRvaweobis sfero klasgareSe muSaobis 

procesSi SeiZleba Zalian farTo iyos: mocemul enaze dawerili 

mxatvruli literatura, Sesaswavli enis matarebeli eris (erebis) 

kultura, gazeT-Jurnalebi, sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinebis 

informacia. es moiTxovs maswavleblisagan Zalian farTo da Rrma codnas, 

erudicias. ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaobis warmatebuli 

realizaciisaTvis maswavlebels sWirdeba rogorc enobrivi masalis ufro 

maRal doneze floba, ise komunikabeluroba, moswavlis fsiqologiis 

rRmad wvdoma. maswavlebeli kargi organizatori da namdvili lideri unda 

iyos. 

klasgareSe muSaobis formebi da Sinaarsi rac SeiZleba mravalferovani 

unda iyos, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavleTa misadmi interesis SemuSaveba- 

SenarCunebas. sxvadasxva saskolo RonisZiebebSi SeiZleba sxvadasxva 

moswavleebi CavrToT. aseTi RonisZiebebis dros maTTvis sainteresoa 

xolme sxvadasxva klasebisa da asakis bavSvebTan urTierTobac. RinisZiebis 

momzadebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba SeiZleba SezRuduli raodenobis 

moswavlem miiRos, magram misi Sedegebi wardgeba xolme yvela moswavlis 

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winaSe, ramac SeiZleba SemdgomSi sxvebic miizidos masSi 

monawileobisaTvis. 

aqtualoba 

inglisuri enis popularobam, sxva sityvebiT, misma “zogadsakacobrio 

sivrceSi” ganfenilobam, Sedegad moitana inglisuri enis 

specialistebisaTvis erTi sakmaod arasasiamovno faqti, romelsac SeiZleba 

enobrivi kompetenciis stagnacia ewodos. xSirad moismenT Semdeg frazas: 

“me myofnis is inglisuri, rac vici”. umravles SemTxvevaSi enis codnis is 

done, romelic, misi azriT, yofnis inglisur enaze mosaubres, arc ki 

uaxlovdeba enis kompetenturi gamoyenebis safexurs. ucnauria, magram 

faqtia, rom umravles SemTxvevaSi saxezea inglisuri enis popularobis 

xarisxis zrda da enis ufro maRali kompetenciisaken svlis stimulis 

kleba. 

specialuri literatura ar ganicdis inglisuri enis swavlebis 

strategiebisadmi miZRvnil naSromTa simwires, magram, faqtia, rom 

SemuSavebuli strategiebi orientirebulni arian enis SemswavlelisaTvis 

konkretuli enobrivi qmedebis gamartivebaze, am qmedebisaTvis efeqturobis 

ufro maRali xarisxis miniWebaze da ara enis SemswavlelisaTvis enis 

codnis ufro maRal safexurze gadanacvlebisaTvis saWiro motivaciis 

Seqmnaze. 

es problema gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia skolaSi, im garemoSi, sadac 

moswavleebi jer kidev ver acnobiereben, rom inglisuri enis codna 

momavali profesionalis informirebulobis, marketabelurobisa da 

mobilurobis ganmsazRvreli erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. 

ena ara mxolod komunikaciis instrumentia, aramed RirebulebaTa 

sistemacaa da swored am sistemis codnis gaRrmavebis stimulis Zieba 

gansazRvravs sadisertacio naSromis aqtualobas. 

bevri sakiTxi klasgareSe muSaobis Tanamedrove da maRal doneze 

Casatareblad ar aris saTanadod damuSavebuli. sasurvelia, moxdes 

klasgareSe muSaobis formebis meToduri konkretizacia, romelic Cvens 

pirobebSi uzrunvelyofs ucxouri enebis swavlebis efeqtianobas. 

am mizniT maswavlebelma unda icodes: 

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- skolis reformis mimarTulebebi, axali moTxovnebi saswavlo masalebisa 

da procesis mimarT, 

- saswavlo procesSi da klasgareSe muSaobisas zogadsaganmanaTleblo, 

aRmzrdelobiTi, ganmaviTarebeli da praqtikuli miznebi, maTi 

realizaciis gzebi, 

- ucxouri enis swavlebis lingvisturi, pedagigiuri da fsiqologiuri 

safuZvlebi, 

- moswavleTa (da maTi mSoblebis) moTxovnilebebi, maTi individualuri 

Taviseburebebi. 

maswavlebeli kargad unda flobdes ucxour enas, hqondes komunikaciuri 

unar-Cvevebi, icnobdes Sesaswavli enis qveynis (qveynebis) kulturas (mis 

istorias, geografias, xelovnebas, politikur wyobas, tradiciebsa da a.S.). 

kvlevis obieqtia klasgareSe muSaoba ucxouri (inglisuri) enis 

swavlebisas saSualo skolis V-IX klasebSi. 

kvlevis mizani 

kvlevis mizania inglisur enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis efeqturobis 

gazrda, raSic igulisxmeba ucxo enis codnis donis gradualuri sistemis 

farglebSi moswavleTaTvis erTi safexuridan meoreze gadanacvlebis 

stimulis Seqmna. 

aRniSnuli miznis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba kvlevis Semdegi etapebi 

meToduri, fsiqologiuri, pedagogiuri da lingvo-kulturologiuri 

aspeqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

es etapebia: 

1. klasgareSe muSaobis formebis meToduri klasifikacia; 

2. enobrivi unar-Cvevebis formirebis TaviseburebaTa analizi lingvo- 

kulturologiuri aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT; 

3. samizne auditoriis asakobriv-fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis 

identificireba; 

4. klasgareSe muSaobis motivaciis uzrunvelyofis saSualebaTa 

gansazRvra; 

5. klasgareSe muSaobis miznebisa da amocanebis, formebisa da saxeebis 

dazusteba; 

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6. enis Semswavlelsa da maswavlebels Soris maqsimalurad 

efeqturi komunikaciis damyarebis gzaTa Zieba; 

7. komunikaciuri TamaSebis konstruirebis safuZvlis SerCeva; 

8. klasgareSe muSaobis konteqstSi enobriv qmedebaTa statusis 

gansazRvra erTmaneTis mimarT maTi dominanturoba-aradominanturobis 

mixedviT. 

kvlevis amocanebia: 

meTodur aspeqtSi: 

ucxour enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis formebis meToduri klasifikacia, 

gasaviTarebeli enobrivi unar-Cvevebis, lingvokulturuli aspeqtisa da 

sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT; 

fsiqologiur aspeqtSi: 

V-IX klasebis moswavleebis asakobriv-fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis 

gaTvaliswineba klasgareSe muSaobis organizebisas; klasgareSe muSaobis 

motivaciis uzrunvelyofis saSualebebis garkveva, ucxouri enis 

dauflebis motivaciis gazrda klasgareSe muSaobis saSualebiT; 

pedagogiur aspeqtSi: 

klasgareSe muSaobis miznebisa da amocanebis, formebsa da saxeebis 

dazusteba; TvalsaCinoebisa da teqnikuri saSualebebis optimaluri 

gamoyenebis miRweva; moswavleTa da maswavleblis urTierTobebis 

srulyofis gzebis Zieba. 

am amocanaTa gadasawyvetad gamoyenebulia kvlevis Semdegi meTodebi: 

- sakvlevi problemis Sesaxeb arsebuli literaturis Seswavla- 

analizi; 

- klasgareSe muSaobis procesze dakvirveba, moswavleTa da 

maswavlebelTa azris gamovlena (anketireba, saubari); 

- sakonstatacio da sakontrolo eqsperimenti Cvens mier 

SemoTavazebuli meTodikis efeqturobis Sesamowmeblad; 

- eqsperimentis Sedegebis analizi. 

kvlevis hipoTeza: ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaoba mniSvnelovnad 

ufro efeqturi iqneba, Tu: 

- erTis mxriv, igi saklaso muSaobis logikuri gagrZeleba iqneba, 

meore mxriv ki, mas gansxvavebuli (naklebad formaluri, metad 

emociuri) saorganizacio formebi eqneba, 

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- masSi metad dainergeba urTuerTobaTa demokratiuli stili, 

- gaizrdeba teqnikuri saSualebebis roli mis warmarTvaSi, 

- realizebuli iqneba saganTaSorisi kavSirebi da ucxour enaSi 

klasgareSe muSaoba sxvadasxva sagnebSi klasgareSe muSaobis 

sistemis organul nawils Seadgens; gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda 

mieqces sazogadoebriv dakveTas ucxouri enis mcodne garkveuli 

dargis muSakebze. 

es ki, Tavis rigSi, mniSvnelovnad gazrdis ucxouri enis Seswavlis 

motivaciasa da misi SeTvisebis efeqturobas am sagnis gakveTileze. 

siaxle 

sadisertacio naSromi warmoadgens axal realobaSi klasgareSe 

muSaobis procesis praqtikuli Seswavlis erT-erT pirvel cdas. 

klasgareSe muSaobis procesis kvlevam moicva iseTi mniSvnelovani etapebi, 

rogoricaa procesis marTvis TaviseburebaTa Seswavla, klasgareSe 

gansaxorcielebel enobriv qmedebaTa erTiani da racionaluri sistemebis 

SemuSaveba. 

komunikaciuri TamaSebis konstruirebix safuZvlad gamoyenebulia 

scenarebisa da freimebis agebis teqnika, vinaidan scenari da freimi xels 

uwyobs tipiuri situaciebis adekvatur kognitiur gadamuSavebas, 

uzrunvelyofs teqstis bmulobas, konteqstualur “molodins”, iZleva 

Semdgom movlenaTa prognozirebis saSualebas. komunikaciur-kognitiuri 

pragmatika gvTavazobs im faqtorTa Seswavlis saSualebas, romelTa 

meSveobiTac iqmneba teqstis mTlianobisa da bmulobis gancda. aqedan 

gamomdinare, scenarebisa da freimebis agebis teqnika warmoadgens enis 

SemswavlelTa mier codnis reprezentaciis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas. 

klasgareSe muSaobis procesi ganixileba interdisciplinarizmis 

konteqstSi. 

kvlevis Teoriul Rirebulebas wammoadgens is, rom masSi 

safuZvlianadaa Seswavlili iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa: fsiqologiur- 

pedagogiuri faqtorebi, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdens V-X klasis 

moswavleebze klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi, klasgareSe muSaobis formebi 

da saxeebi, miznebi da amocanebi, klasgareSe muSaobis kanonzomierebebi 

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zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da Targmanis unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad, 

Sesaswavli enis matarebeli eris (erebis) kulturis Sesawavlad, 

sxvadasxva, maT Soris profesiuli interesebis dasakmayofileblad. 

kvlevaSi dazustebulia Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da testirebis adgili 

klasgareSe muSaobaSi da gaanalizebulia klasgareSe muSaobis 

organizebisadmi moTxovnebi. 

kvlevis praqtikuli mniSvnelobaa is, rom naSromSi warmodgenili 

meToduri da praqtikuli masalebi daexmareba ucxouri enis maswavleblebs 

efeqturad warmarTon ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaoba, rac did wvlils 

Seitans moswavleTa mier ucxouri enis dauflebaSi. 

dasacavad gamotanilia Semdegi debulebebi: 

1. miuxedavad imisa, rom enobrivad da Sinaarsobrivad ucxour enaze 

klasgareSe muSaoba saklaso muSaobas eyrdnoba, misi enobrivi masala, 

Tematika da formebi ufro mdidaria, samuSaos arsi ki komunikaciuria. 

2. didia ucxour enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis saganTaSorisi kavSirebis 

uzrunvelyofisa da profesiuli orientaciis roli. 

3. klasgareSe muSaobam didi wvlili unda Seitanos ara marto 

ucxoenobrivi unar-Cvevebis srulyofaSi, aramed moswavlis pirovnebis 

CamoyalibebaSi, mis socializaciaSi, Semoqmedebis stimulirebaSi da a.S. 

4. klasgareSe muSaobisas urTierTobaTa demokratiuli stili SemdegSi 

unda gamovlindes: RonisZiebaTa didi nawili TviTmmarTvelobiT unda 

warimarTos, moswavleebs unda mieces saSualeba TviTon SearCion 

muSaobis forma, Tematika, saswavlo masala, monawileoba miiRon masalis 

axsnaSi, warmatebis maswavleblis mier Sefaseba ZiriTadad TviT- da 

urTierTSefasebiT icvleba. 

5. maswavleblis roli klasgareSe muSaobaSi aris saswavlo programasTan 

kavSiris uzrunvelyofa (magaliTad, masalebis adaptireba), moswavleTa 

da administracias Soris urTierTobebis koordinireba, enobrivi 

konsultaciebis gaweva, moswavleTa motivireba da aqtivizacia. 

6. klasgareSe muSaobaSi metad unda dainergos swavlebis Tanamedrove 

teqnikuri saSualebebi (gansakuTrebiT, kompiuteri) da xerxebi 

(magaliTad, testireba). 

7. ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaobis motivebia garToba, enobrivi unar- 

Cvevebis swrulyofa, sagnobrivi da profesiuli codnisa da unar- 

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Cvevebis SeZena, cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofileba. maTi uzrunvelyofisas 

izrdeba aseve saklaso muSaobis motivacia da efeqturoba. 

8. klasgareSe muSaobis formebis meToduri klasifikacia eyrdnoba 

gasaviTarebel enobriv unar-Cvevebs, muSaobaSi CarTuli moswavleebis 

raodenobasa da RonisZiebebis regularobas, misi Catarebis adgils. 

naSromis struqtura da Sinaarsi: naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, sami 

Tavis, daskvniTi nawilisa da bibliografiisagan. disertacia dabeWdilia 

88… gverdze. 

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Tavi I. klasgareSe muSaobis miznebi da amocanebi inglisuri enis 

swavlebisas saSualo skolaSi (V_IX kl.) 

1.1. V-IX klasebis moswavleebis asakobriv-fsiqologiuri 

Taviseburebani 

sxvadasxva asakobriv etapze bavSvis saqmianoba warmoSobs sxvadasxva 

sistemas, yoveli asakobrivi etapi xasiaTdeba wamyvani saxis aqtivobiT. 

saSualo da ufrosi saskolo asakisTvis (romelsac V-IX klasis 

moswavleebi ganekuTvnebian) aseT aqtivobas swavla warmoadgens. miuxedavad 

amisa, Tu saswavlo procesis motivacia ar aris uzrunvelyofili (aq 

pirvel rigSi Sinagan motivaciazea laparaki), moswavleebi kargaven 

interess swavlis mimarT da saswavlo aqtivobis efeqturoba dabali xdeba. 

moswavleTa motivirebis erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens 

TamaSis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi. 

cnobilia, rom TamaSi – skolamdeli asakis wamyvani aqtivoba – umetesi 

adamianis mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi garkveul adgils inarCunebs. 

swored amitom TamaSTan dakavSirebuli klasgareSe (ucxour enaze 

Catarebuli) RonisZiebebi didi popularobiT sargeblobs moswavleebSi. 

rasakvirvelia, maTi saxe icxleba, asakTan dakavSirebiT: moZravi da magidis 

TamaSebi, enobrivi TamaSebi, viqtorinebi, Sejibrebebi, rolebis gaTamaSeba 

da a.S. 

sportuli, mxatvruli, SromiTi aqtivoba SeiZleba integrirebul iqnas 

ucxouri enis klasgareSe muSaobisas: “msoflio Cempionati” sportis ama Tu 

im saxeobaSi ucxour enaze komentaris gaweviT, interviuebis aRebiT da a.S., 

eqskursia samxatvro galereaSi “ucxoeli stumrebisTvis”, speqtaklis 

dadgma ucxour enaze, garemos dacvis RonisZieba (skolis ezos an 

axlomdebare parkis dalageba) da mis Sesaxeb ucxoeli megobrebis 

informireba eleqtronuli fostis gamoyenebiT da a.S. 

dawyebiT skolasTan SedarebiT V-IX klsebis moswavleebis azrovneba 

ZiriTadad sityvier-logikuria. amave dros ar unda daviviwyoT, rom 

moswavleTa nawilis azrovnebis ZiriTad saxed mTeli cxovrebis manZilze 

SeiZleba darCes xatovani forma, rac sruliad ar gamoricxavs maT 

normalur inteleqtualur ganviTarebas, amitom TvalsaCino-xatovan 

azrovnebas mainc sagrZnobi mniSvneloba aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare, rogorc 

13

sagakveTilo, ise – gansakuTrebiT – klasgareSe muSaobisas aucilebelia 

STambeWdavi audiovizualuri TvalsaCinoebis uzrunvelyofa. aseTi 

TvalsaCinoebis garkveul nawils moswavleebi xalisiT qmnian TviTon 

klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi. TvalsaCinoebis SerCevisas unda gvaxsovdes, 

rom dRevandeli bavSvebi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi ganebivrebuli arian 

mravalferovani da kaSkaSa audiovizualuri masaliT, amitom isini umetes 

SemTxvevaSi ar kmayofildebian swavlisas ubralo naxatebiTa da 

suraTebiT, aramed urCevniaT videoCanawerebis an kompiuteruli 

multimediis gamoyeneba. 

mexsiereba am asakSi ufro metad eyrdnoba gagebas, logikur asociaciebs. 

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri moswavle isev ZiriTadad endoba 

dawyebiTi skolis moswavleebisTvis damaxasiaTebel meqanikur 

damaxsovrebas, rac xSirad maswaveblisa da mSoblebis danaSaulicaa, 

radgan maT ar ganuviTares bavSvs damaxsovrebis sxva meqanizmebi. rogorc 

saklaso, ise klasgareSe muSaobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa, 

uzrunvelyos iseTi davalebebi, romlebic ganaviTareben moswavleebis 

gonebas, dakvirvebis unars, uzrunvelyofen asociaciebis Seqmnas da 

amgvarad ganaviTareben logikur damaxsovrebas. am mizniT ucxouri enis 

swavlebisas sasargebloa sxvadasxva saxis dajgufebis davalebebis 

(Tematuri dajgufeba, sinonimebisa da antonimebis, monaTesave sityvebis 

povna, cnebisaTvis definiciis Camoyalibeba da a.S.) gamoyeneba. 

V-VII klasSi (10-13 w.) moswavleTa mexsiereba, maTi unari daeuflon 

ucxour enas jer kidev optimaluria. saswavlo saqmianobaSi warmateba 

dadebiTad moqmedebs motivaciaze. VIII klasidan ki, erTis mxriv, uneblie 

damaxsovrebis unari mniSvnelovnad klebulobs, meore mxriv ki, rTuldeba 

Sesaswavli masala. es zogjer iwvevs warumateblobis StabeWdilebas, rac 

ukargavs moswavles Tavisi unaris (daeuflos ucour enas) rwmenas da am 

sagnis Seswavlis motivaciac, Sesabamisad, xSirad klebulobs. 

maswavleblis amocanaa, erTis mxriv, auxnas moswavles, rom misi mexsiereba 

ki ar gauaresda, aramed ubralod Seicvala, meore mxriv ki, 

gaiTvaliswinos iseTi masala da davalebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen 

Seqmnili sirTulis gadalaxvas. Tu maswavlebeli SeniSnavs didi 

moculobis mqone masalis damaxsovreis seriozul sirTules, masalis 

14

Seswavlis tempi droebiT unda garkveulwilad Seneldes, meti gameoreba 

unda iqnes uzrunvelyofili. 

masalis aRqmisas V-IX klasSi sinTezi da analizi gawonasworebulia, 

rac xels uwyobs sakmaod srulyofil aRqmas. es saSualebas iZleva, 

klasgareSe muSaobisas (romlis drosac moswavleebi interesebisa da 

unarebis gaTvaliswinebiT arian dajgufebulni) sakmaod swraf temps 

mivmarToT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, ra Tqma unda, rom rogorc mexsierebis, 

ise aRqmis dominanturi tipi (audialuri, vizualuri, kinesTeturi; 

sinTezuri, analizuri) yvela moswavles individualuri aqvs, amitom 

ucxouri enis klasgareSe Seswavlisas, erTis mxriv, unda daveyrdnoT 

konkretuli moswavlisTvis aRqmis damaxasiaTebel saxes, meore mxriv ki, 

vecadoT ganuviTaroT mas aRqmis is saxe, romelic mas naklebad aqvs 

ganviTarebuli. 

bevr moswavles uWirs yuradRebis xangrZlivi koncentracia, amitom 

aqtivobaTa saxeebis monacvleoba aucilebelia. 

V-IX klasis moswavleebs TandaTanobiT uviTardebaT interesebis 

specializacia. Tu dawyebiTi skolis moswavleebs yvela siaxle 

ainteresebT, mozardebs (zogs sakmaod adre, zogs ki SedarebiT gvian) 

uviTardebaT dominanturi interesi cxovrebis ama Tu im sferosadmi. 

xSirad es xdeba zogierTi saswvlo sagnebis mimarT interesis dakargvis 

xarjze, rac arasruli saSualo skolis pirobebSi Zalian arasasurvelia. 

ucxouri ena saSualebas iZleva saganTaSorisi kavSirebis gamoyenebisa, 

amitom - sakuTriv ucxouri enisadmi motivaciis daqveiTebis SemTxvevaSi – 

SeiZleba mivmarToT moswavlis sxva interesebis sferoSi informaciis 

mopoveba-gaziarebis motivs. amis saukeTeso saSualebas iZleva wreobrivi 

muSaoba (magaliTad, fiziko-maTematikuri ucxourenovani literaturis 

kiTxvis wre). 

icvleba aseve ucxouri enis Seswavlis motivacia. sagakveTilo 

mecadineobisagan gansxvavebiT klasgareSe muSaobis yvela monawile 

motivirebulia (radgan masSi monawileoba nebayoflobiTia). amave dros jer 

ara aqvs adgili stabilur motivacias. swored am mimarTulebiT unda 

imuSaos maswavlebelma. 

enis Seswavlis dawyebiT safexurze klasgareSe muSaobis mizania 

mxolod zogadi enis unar-Cvevebis srulyofa da moswavleTa interesis 

15

gaRviveba garTobis xarjze, saSualo safexurze ki gasaTvaliswinebelia 

rogorc maTi zogadi codnis gafarToeba, ise momavali profesiuli 

interesebis gaTvaliswineba. 

iwyeben ra ucxouri enis Seswavlas, moswavleebi avlenen interess 

rogorc TviT enobrivi masalis Seswavlisadmi, ise im xalxis 

cxovrebisadmi, romlis enasac isini euflebian. magram swavlebis dawyebiT 

safexurze am interesis dakmayofilebas xels ar uwobs enis flobis done, 

saSualo safexurze ki ucxouri enis dasaufleblad gamoyofili saaTebis 

simwire ar iZleva saSualebas bolomde daakmayofilos es interesi. 

daukmayofilebel interess ki “Caqrobis” Tviseba aqvs. garda amisa, 

sazogadoebrivi movlenebi swrafad viTardeba, ise rom verc erTi 

saxelmZRvanelo maT ver “daeweva”. klasgareSe muSaobisas meti saSualeba 

arsebobs dakmayofildes moswavleTa interesi da gamoyenebul iqnas 

SedarebiT didi moculobis mqone uaxlesi masala. 

V klass fsiqologebi “skolidan gandgomis asaks” zogjer uwodeben. 

farTovdeba mozardis socialuri garemo: ojaxs, skolasa da ezos emateba 

sxva urTierTobebi. mozardi aRar aRiqvavs sakuTar Tavs rogoc “viwro 

samyaros” nawils. es bunebrivi procesia, magram am procesma ar unda 

vadamde daaSoros bavSvi skolisagan. uaRresad mniSvnelovania, skolam 

moswavles SesTavazos iseTi klasgareSe muSaoba (maT Soris, ucxour 

enaSic), rom mozardma skolaSi igrZnos Tavi rogorc saxlSi an sxva 

misTvis mimzidvel adgilas. ucxour enaze sainteresod organizebuli 

Tematuri saRamoebi da diskoTekebic ki SeiZleba aseTi “magnitis” rolSi 

gamoviyenoT. 

mozardebisTvis saukeTo avtoriteti maTive Tanatolebia. saklaso 

oTaxSi maTi urTierToba SezRudulia saswavlo aqtivobiT (sxva 

urTierToba, faqtiurad, disciplinis darRvevas warmoadgens). klasgareSe 

muSaobisas moswavleTa urTuerTobebi ufro Tavisufalia, rac xels 

uwyobs maT harmoniul socializacias. 

fsiqologiaSi aRniSnaven mozardobis asakisTvis damaxasiaTebel 

moWarbebul agznebas, xasiaTis cvalebadobas. moswavleebi xSirad xan 

Warbad mxiarulebi arian, xan ki – mowyenilebi. “gardamavali asakis” 

problemebi, rasakvirvelia, zogjer uaryofiTad moqmedeben swavlaSi 

warmatebaze, moswavleebs Soris da maswavleblebTan urTierTobebze. 

16

klasgareSe muSaoba, romelic xasiaTdeba naklebad formaluri 

urTierTobebiT, saSualebas iZleva aseTi gauwonasworebeli qcevis 

regulirebisa da ukeTesi urTierTgagabis miRwevis. 

fsiqologiurad gauwonasworebuli mdgomareobis miuxedavad, 

mozardobis asaki saukeTesoa SemoqmedebisTvis, radgan aRtacebebi am 

asakSi gansakuTrebiT Zlieria. mozardi TviTSemecnebis gzaze dgas, 

Semoqmedeba ki sakuTari Zalebis mosinjvis saukeToso saSualebaa. amitom 

mozardTa interesi klasgareSe muSaobisadmi didi iqneba, Tuki igi 

adekvaturad iqneba organizebuli. 

mozardobis asakSi kamaTi – erT-erTi sayvareli aqmianobaa. kamaTSi 

moswavleebs uviTardebaT logikuri azrovneba (dasabuTebis unari) da 

uyalibdebaT xasiaTi. debatebis klubi (ucxour enaze) am moTxovnilebasac 

daakmayofilebs da ucxoenobriv sametyvelo unar-Cvevebsac srulyofs. 

asakobrivi interesebis, aRqmis, mexsierebisa da azrovnebis 

Taviseburebebis, iseve rogorc ucxoenobrivi unar-Cvevebis donis 

gaTvaliswinebiT, ganvixiloT ramdenime klasgareSe muSaobisTvis 

gamosadegi teqsti da maTze muSaoba. 

VI klasi 

teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli usvams bavSvebs ramdenime kiTxvas: 

- Do you like pets? 

- Do you have pets at home? 

- What pet or pets do you have? 

- What can you do with a pet? 

Kittens and apples 

Mr Brown had a shop in front of his house. It was a little fruit shop. In the shop there were 

many kinds of fruits. Mr Brown had a cat and the cat had five kittens. Mr Brown didn’t know what 

to do with the kittens. 

So one day Mr Brown put the kittens onto a basket and put the basket on a bench in the street in 

front of his shop. He put a sheet of paper with the words “Please take one” in the basket. On the 

same bench there was a box of nice red apples for sale. Then Mr Brown went into the room for 

dinner. 

Two schoolboys who were walking along the street came up to the shop, saw the basket with the 

kittens and the paper, put the paper into the box with the apples and ran away. 

17

When Mr Brown came back an hour later, he saw that the box with the apples was empty, but the 

basket with the kittens was still there. 

maswavlebeli ukiTxavs bavSvebs teqsts, isini Tvals ayoleben mas. 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia ori wakiTxva. Semdeg maswavlebeli 

aCvenebs bavSvebs naxatebs, moswavleebma ki unda waukiTxon Sesabamisi 

winadadebebi. Semdeg wignebi ixureba da davSvebi (isev suraTebze 

dayrdnobiT) yvebian teqsts. Semdeg ramdenime moswavle pantomimurad 

gaiTamaSebs moTxrobis “gmirebis” rolebs, danarCenebi ki yvebian, Tu ra 

xdeba. 

VII klasi 

teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli uxsnis (dafaze wers) moswavleebs 

ramdenime axal sityvas: 

intensely – very much 

rescue – help (in danger) 

accordingly – so, here: as she was recommended 

deck – upper board of a ship 

admirer – somebody who admires you (likes you very much) 

devotedly – ready to do anything for her 

plunge – jump or put into the water 

immediately – the same moment 

moswavleebs eZlevaT dro, CumaT waikiTxon moTxroba. Semdeg isini 

Tanmimdevrulad (TiTo moswavle TiTo-TiTo winadadebas) kiTxuloben mas 

xmamaRla. 

A way out of a difficulty 

The great English writer Charles Dickens used to tell an American story of a young lady on board 

a ship. She was intensely loved by five young men. She could not choose whom of them to get 

married to. She was advised by the captain to jump into the water and to marry the young man who 

comes to her rescue. Accordingly, the next morning, when the young lady was on the deck, and the 

five admirers stood looking devotedly at her, she plunged into the sea. Four admirers jumped 

immediately after her. When they all were back on board, the lady asked the captain: “What am I to 

do with them now? They are so wet?” “Take the dry one” was the captain’s advice. 

maswavlebeli wers dafaze kiTxvebis pirvel sityvas: “Who? How many? 

What? What? When? What? What?” moswavleebma unda gaagrZelon kiTxvebi, Semdeg 

18

ki upasuxon maT. maT unda Tqvan, moewonaT Tu ara xumroba da misi 

“gmirebi” da ratom. 

VIII klasi 

moTxroba eZleva moswavleebs saxlSi wasakiTxad. erT-erTi moswavle 

gamoiyofa “eqspertad”. misi movaleobaa, daexmaros sxva moswavleebs, Tu 

isini ver gaigeben romelime sityvas an winadadebas. am mizniT mas sWirdeba 

ara mxolod leqsikoni gamoiyenos (amas, albaT, sxva moswavleebic 

gaakeTeben), aramed sxva sacnobaro masalebsac (enciklopedias, bibliis 

sabavSvo gamocemas) da maswavlebels mimarTos. 

Advice of King Solomon to the Young 

To have knowledge you must first reverence for the Lord. Stupid people have no respect for 

wisdom and refuse to learn. 

My child, pay attention to what your father and mother tell you. Their teaching will improve your 

characters as a handsome turban or a necklace improves your appearance. 

My child, when sinners tempt you, don’t give in. Suppose they say: “Come on, let’s find someone 

to kill. Let’s attack some innocent people for the fun of it. They may be alive and well when we find 

them, but they’ll be dead when we are through with them! We’ll find all kinds of riches and fill our 

houses with loot! Come and join us and we’ll share all the riches!” 

My child, don’t go with people like that. Stay away from them. People like that are always setting 

a trap for themselves, a trap in which they will die. Robbery always claims the life of the robber – 

this is what happens to any one who lives by violence. 

“eqsperti” (wris sxdomis wamyvani) exmareba im moswavleebs, romlebmac 

rame ver gaiges teqstSi. Semdeg is sTxovs Tavis megobrebs Seadginon 

teqstis gegma. gegmaze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis 

ZiriTad azrebs, Semdeg ki msjeloben teqstSi wamoyenebul zneobriv 

problemebze, ixseneben bibliur mcnebebs. 

IX klasi 

moswavleebs miecaT Tema – axali weli did britaneTsa da amarikis 

SeerTebul StatebSi, romelzec maT unda moeZebnaT mokle saintereso 

informaciebi. yvela informacia Semdeg ganTavsda kedlis gazeTSi, xolo 

gamarjvebulad gamocxadda qvemoT motanili teqsti. 

Who decorated the first Christmas tree? 

No one knows for sure how the custom of bringing an evergreen tree indoors and decorating it 

started. What we know is that it started in Germany. One legend says that Martin Luther, who 

19

introduced a kind of Protestant (Lutheran) church, started the practice. According to the story, he 

noticed the star in the sky as he walked home one Christmas Eve (about the year 1513). He thought 

the star looked as if it were shining on the top of a fir-tree. He cut the tree down, brought it home, 

and decorated it with lighted candles. Decorating Christmas trees became popular in Germany. 

The custom has been spreading all over the world. Prince Albert (the husband of Queen Elizabeth 

I), who came from Germany, brought this tradition to England. Now one can see Christmas trees 

even in countries like Japan that have nothing to do with Christian religion, but whose people like 

the beautiful custom. 

moswavleebi saubrobdnen sxvadasxva saaxalwlo tradiciebze. kedlis 

gazeTis gacnobis Semdeg gaimarTa viqtorina mocemul Temaze. 

20

1.2. fsiqologiur-pedagogiuri faqtorebis zemoqmedeba moswavleebze 

klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi 

yvela sxva saswavlo sagnis msgavsad, ucxouri enebis swavlebas Semdegi 

miznebi aqvs: praqtikuli anu komunikaciuri (sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis 

Camoyalibeba oTxi ZiriTadi formiT – audireba, saubari, kiTxva da wera), 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo, ganmaviTarebeli da aRmzrdelobiTi. am miznebis 

realizacia ZiriTadad xdeba ucxouri enis gakveTilebze, magram saaTebis 

simwiris pirobebSi aSkaraa, rom mxolod gakveTilebze SeuZlebelia yvela 

am miznis maRal doneze realizeba, yvela moswavlis moTxovnilebebisa Tu 

Tavisburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. swored amitom swavlebis aRniSnuli 

miznebis realizeba garkveulwilad gadanawilebulia, erTis mxriv, 

moswavlis damoukidebel muSaobaze Sin da enobriv laboratoriebSi da, 

meore mxriv, maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT klasgareSe muSaobaze. 

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT V-IX klasis moswavleebis fsiqologiur 

Taviseburebebs, gasagebi xdeba, rom mxolod calkeul moswavleebs am 

asakSi ukve SeuZlia maswavleblis daxmarebisa da kontrolis gareSe 

ucxoenobrivi unar-Cvevebis gaumjobeseba. maRali motivaciis stabiluri 

SenarCunebac maswavleblis zemoqmedebis gareSe jer-jerobiT rTulia. 

ucxouri enis swavlebis pirvel wels (sabazo skolis V klasi) 

umravlesi moswavlis motivacia sakmaod maRalia xolme. es 

ganpirobebulia sagnis siaxliT da aseve axali sakomunikacio saSualebis 

gacnobiT, bavSvebis bunebribi cnobismoyvareobiT. Sesaswavli masala jer- 

jerobiT martivia, davalebaTa didi nawili gasarTobi xasiaTisaa. 

marTalia, motivacia, v.a.Sestinikinas kvlevis Tanaxmad [Шестиникина, 1971, 

1978], xSirad bundovania (15%-ma upasuxa, rom imitom swavlobs ucxour enas, 

rom igi maT ainteresebT, 15%-ma – niSnis gamo, 60%-ma – saintereso 

informaciis misaRebad), magram misi done maRalia. swavlebis meore wels 

rTuldeba masala, gasarTob davalebebs naklebi dro eTmoba, qreba 

siaxlis motivi, amitom motivaciis done mniSvnelovnad klebulobs. aqedan 

Sestinikida askvnis, rom motivaciis diferencirebas, axali motivebis 

Seqmnasa da motivaciis donis gazrda-SenarCunebas didi yuradReba unda 

mieqces klasgareSe muSaobisas. 

21

saskolo praqtika mowmobs, rom ucxouri enis swavla-swavlebis 

praqtikuli, zogadsaganmanaTleblo, ganmaviTarebeli da aRmzrdelobiTi 

miznebis misaRwevad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs zepirmetyvelebis 

unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. amitom klasgareSe muSaobis yvelaze 

Zliermoqmedi motivia zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis 

meti drois daTmoba. saRamoebi, leqsebisa da epizodebis Teatralizebuli 

SesrulebiT, sadiskusio klubebi, zepiri Tematuri moxsenebebi, oratoruli 

da sxva konkursebi mimzidvelia moswavleebisTvis pirvel rigSi zepiri 

praqtikis damatebiTi SesaZleblobis gamo. bavSvebs exalisebaT, roca 

xedaven, rom maT namdvilad SeuZliaT sakuTari azris ucxour enaze 

zepirad Camoyalibeba da misi gaziareba megobrebTan da ufrosebTan. 

meToduri literaturis analizis safuZvelze ganvsazRvreT klasgareSe 

muSaobis Semdegi mimarTulebebi: 

1) swavlebis ZiriTadi miznis mixedviT (sakomunikacio, 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo, ganmaviTarebeli Tu aRmzrdelobiTi miznis 

realizaciisaTvis); 

2) wamyvani sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis saxeobis (kombinirebuli, 

zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) mixedviT; 

3) mecadineobis periodulobis mixedviT (kviraSi erTxel, semestrSi 

an saswavlo weliwadSi erTxel), 

4) organizebis formis mixedviT (gakveTilis msgavsi, TamaSi, 

eqskursia, saRamo da a.S.). 

klasgareSe muSaoba moicavs Semdeg RonisZiebebs: kedlis gazeTis, 

albomis, plakatebis gamoSveba, gamofenis momzadeba, Tematuri saRamoebi, 

konferenciebi, olimpiadebi, proeqtebi, konkursebi da a.S. umravlesoba 

maTgani ramdenime mimarTulebiTaa gamosadegi, magaliTad, kedlis gazeTis 

momzadeba emsaxureba zogadsaganmanaTleblo (axali saintereso masalis 

moZieba), aRmzrdelobiT (Tematikis gaTvaliswinebiT) da ganmaviTarebel 

(SemoqmedebiT) miznebs, aviTarebs werisa (redkolegiis wevrebisTvis) da 

kiTxvis (danarCeni klasisTvis) unar-Cvevebs, sruldeba SedarebiT iSviaTad 

(weliwadSi or an samjer), muSaobis formiT hgavs namdvili Jurnalistebis 

muSaobas. 

sagakveTilo da klasgareSe muSaobis organuli kavSiri unda 

gamovlindes ori mimarTulebiT: 

22

- klasgareSe muSaoba enobrivad da Tematurad eyrdnoba gakveTilze 

muSaobas, Tumca rogorc enobrivi masala, ise Tematika ufro farToa; 

- klasgareSe muSaoba aRrmavebs da afarTovebs moswavleTa mier ara 

mxolod ucxouri enis, aramed sxva gakveTilebzec miRebul codnas, 

srulyofs arsebul unar-Cvevebs. 

klasgareSe muSaobis motivacia dakavSirebulia: 

- sasaubro da wasakiTxi masalis TematikasTan, 

- muSaobis - ufro xSirad gasarTob da emociur - formasTan (Tumca 

mosamzadebel etapze aqac bevri Sromaa saWiro), 

- moswavleTa interesebis, maTi individualuri, skolis-gareSe aqtivobebis 

sferoebis gaTvaliswinebasTan, 

- meti Semoqmedebis saSualebasTan, 

- uaryofiTi Sefasebisa da emociebis TiTqmis ararsebobasTan, 

- mis nebayoflobT xasiaTTan, 

- moswavleebis niWis gamovlenis SesaZleblobasTan, 

- SedarebiT ufros klasebSi – moswavleTa momavali profesiis asarCevad 

meti informaciis miwodebis SesaZleblobasTan. 

tradiciul gakveTilze, gansakuTrebiT swavlebis dawyebiT safexurze 

Znelad realizdeba Tanamedrove pedagogikis erT-erTi wamyvani moTxovna – 

Semswavlelze orientirebuli swavleba (student-centered teaching). am midgomis 

realizaciis ukeTes saSualebas iZleva klasgareSe muSaoba. 

klasgareSe muSaobisas moswavleebi qmnian TvalsaCinoebas, romelic 

SemdgomSi maT an momdevno Taobebis swavlebaSic gamosadegia. 

klasgaereSe muSaobisas moswavleebs uviTardebaT “gunduri suli”, 

urTierTmxardaWera, pasuxisgeblobis grZnoba. 

RonisZiebaTa regularobis sxvadasxva donis miuxedavad, klasgareSe 

muSaoba sistemuri (da ara qaoturi) unda iyos da TandaTanobiT, 

mizanmimarTulad aRwevdes dasaxul miznebs. 

SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT aRiniSnos klasgareSe mecadineobebis dadebiTi 

gavlena moswavleTa emociur ganviTarebaze, maTi individualuri 

interesebis dakmayofilebaze. iseTi emociebi, rogoricaa gakvirveba, 

siamovneba, warmatebis sixaruli, siamaye, kmayofileba bevrad ufro 

damaxasiaTebelia klasgareSe, vidre sagakveTilo mecadineobisTvis. 

klasgareSe muSaoba Slis farTo perspeqtivebs moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi 

23

niWis ganviTarebis saqmeSi, radgan swored mis procesSi aqvs adgili 

maswavleblisa da moswavlis realur TanamSromlobas. 

moswavleTa Semoqmedeba sxvadasxva doneze SeiZleba gamovlindes maTi 

piradi da asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT: instruqciis zusti 

SesrulebiT, nimuSis mibaZviT Tu damoukidebeli aqtivobiT. Semoqmedeba 

SeiZleba TviT Sesaswavl enas exebodes (magaliTad, leqsebis Targmani) an 

sxva sferoebs (simReris Sesruleba, teqstis ilustrireba). 

klasgareSe muSaoba aviTarebs moswavleTa socialur urTierTobebs, 

TanamSromlobis unars, urTierTmxardaWerasa da a.S. mis procesSi 

moswavleebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba daZlion iseTi uaryofiTi Tvisebebi, 

rogoricaa Caketiloba, egoizmi, udisciplinoba. 

mxatvruli, samecniero-popularuli da sazogadoebriv-politikuri 

literaturis gacnoba klasgareSe muSaobisas aviTarebs moswavleTa 

horizonts da xels uwyobs maT mier momavali profesiis SerCevas. 

klasgareSe muSaoba exmareba maswavlebels ukeTesad gaicnos 

moswavleebi, gairkves maT interesebSi da midrekilebebSi, aRmoaCinos maTi 

aqamdis SeumCneveli niWi, rac SemdgomSi dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens 

saklaso muSaobazec. 

mxatvruli, verbaluri, samecniero da sxva saxeebis Semoqmedeba 

moswavlis motivaciidan gamomdinareobs da mis ganviTarebas astimulirebs. 

TviTgamoxatvis moTxovnileba, Semoqmedeba nebismier moswavles axasiaTebs, 

magram yvelasTvis savaldebulo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli masala 

naklebad uwyobs xels Semoqmedebis ganviTarebas. samagierod, klasgareSe 

muSaobisas arsebobs saSualeba, nebismieri moswavlis SemoqmedebiTi 

potenciali realizebul iqnas. ra Tqma unda, amisTvis maswavlebeli kargi 

fsiqologi unda iyos, unda erkveodes fsiqologiur TeoriaSi da aseve 

SeeZlos yuradRebiT daakvirdes yovel moswavles da daexmaros mas 

piradad misTvis misawvdomi da saintereso saqmianobis moZebnaSi. saklaso 

muSaobisas meti yuradReba eqceva moswavleTa verbalur-inteleqtualur 

aqtivobas, klasgareSe muSaobisas ki ara mxolod logikurad moazrovne da 

kargi metyvelebis mqone bavSvebs, aramed musikalurad, mxatvrulad, 

teqnikurad da sxvadasxvagvarad dajildovebul bavSvebsac eZlevaT 

saSualeba ucxouri enis dauflebasTan dakavSirebiT gamoiyenon es unarebi. 

24

ucxouri enis dauflebis warmatebaze did gavlenas axdens klasSi 

moswavleebis raodenoba. miuxedavad imisa, rom amJamad klasebi ZiriTadad 

2-3 jgufad iyoba enis gakveTilebze, moswavleTa raodenoba jgufSi 15-20 

moswavles Seadgens, rac ar warmoadgens optimalur pirobas enis 

SesaTviseblad. klasgareSe, kerZod, wreobrivi muSaobisas jgufis 

optimaluri Semadgenloba (5-10 bavSvi) ZiriTadad daculia. 

ucxouri enebis swavlebis Tanamedrove meTodika moiTxovs moswavleTa 

gadaadgilebas saklaso oTaxSi fsiqologiuri gantvirTvis, swavlebis 

aqtivizaciisa da, rac mTavaria, sakomunikacio partniorebis Secvlis 

mizniT. magram Cveni saklaso oTaxebi ar arian saTanadod aRWurvili, 

amitom am moTxovnis realizacia Zalzed rTulia. klasgareSe 

mecadineobisas, misi naklebad oficialuri atmosferos gaTvaliswinebiT, 

aseTi gadaadgilebebi problemas ar warmoadgens. 

is faqti, rom klasgareSe muSaoba nebayoflobiTia, sulac ar niSnavs 

mis qaoturobas. mas Semdeg, rac saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi gairkveva 

sasurveli RonisZiebebi da klubebi (wreebi), klasgarese muSaoba garkveuli 

(Tumca, sakmaod moqnili) gegmis mixedviT unda imarTebodes. ucxouri enis 

maswavlebels mkveTrad unda esaxebodes TiToeuli RonisZiebis mizani, 

wreSi an klubSi misaRebi codnisa da unar-Cvevebis moculoba. mxolod 

mizanmimarTuli muSaoba seriozuli warmatebis sawindari SeiZleba gaxdes. 

moswavleTa didciplina, wris sxdomebze daswreba eyrdnoba Sinagan 

(gaTviTcnobierebul interess, megobrebis winaSe movaleobas) da ara 

garegan (administraciis, maswavleblisa da mSoblebis sayveduri) 

motivacias. 

25

1.3. klasgareSe muSaobis formebi da saxeebi 

klasgareSe muSaobis formebi ganisazRvreba Semdegi kriteriumebis 

safuZvelze: 

- muSaobaSi CarTul moswavleTa raodenoba, 

- Casatarebeli samuSaos sistematuroba, 

- moswavleTa Semadgenlobis stabiluroba, 

- adgili, sadac mimdinareobs muSaoba. 

muSaobaSi CarTul moswavleTa raodenobis mixedviT klasgareSe 

muSaobaSi ganasxvaveben sam ZiriTad formas: masobrivs, jgufursa da 

individualurs. klasgareSe muSaobis masobrivi forma, rogorc TviT 

saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, iTvaliswinebs moswavleTa ganusazRvrel 

raodenobas. es SeiZleba iyos mTeli klasi, an enis Seswavlis daaxloebiT 

erT doneze myofi ramdenime klasi an mTeli skoles moswavleebic ki. 

monawileTa nawili aqtiuria (uSualod monawileoben RonisZiebaSi), nawili 

ki recipientis rolSi gamodis. aseTi muSaoba periodulia (ramdenime 

RonisZieba saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi). mas miekuTvneba: Tematuri da 

sadResaswaulo saRamoebi, konferenciebi, Sexvedrebi cnobil adamianebTan, 

olimpiadebi, konkursebi, speqtaklebi da sxva. 

masobrivi klasgareSe muSaobis SedarebiT axali formaa enis kvireuli / 

dekada. 2001 weli evrogaerTianebis mier gamocxadebul iqna enebis wlad. 

mTeli evropis saswavleblebSi Catarda saTanado RonisZiebebi, romelTa 

mizanic iyo enebis mravalferovnebis SenarCunebis aucilebloba da 

rogorc mSobliuri, ise ucxouri enis (enebis) flobis mniSvneloba 

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi. enis dekadebi 2001 wlamdec Catarebula, magram 

axla isini ufro gavrcelda. 

enis kvireulis programaSi SeiZleba iyos speqtakli, koncerti, 

konkursebi, debatebi, konferencia, saRamo, kedlis gazeTebis gamofena da 

a.S., romlebSic mTeli saswavlebeli monawileobs. enis kvireuli ZiriTadad 

tardeba gazafxulze, raTa masze mTeli saswavlo wlis namuSevari 

gamoCndes. misTvis uSualo mzadeba ki mxolod 2-3 kvira grZeldeba, raTa 

moswavleebi ar gadaitvirTon. yvela moswavlis gamosvla saintereso unda 

iyos, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom mxolod yvelaze “Zlier” moswavleebs 

miecemaT monawileobis saSualeba. arc erTi moswavlis iniciativa 

26

uyuradRebod ar unda darCes. Tu maswavlebeli ver exmareba yvela 

gamomsvlels, es funqcia SeiZleba nawilobriv gadanawildes saukeTeso 

moswavleebze. zogierTi moswavle ar gamova scenaze da konkursebSi ar 

miiRebs monawileobas, magram Tavis wvlils Seitans darbazis gaformebaSi, 

plakatebis momzadebaSi da a.S., rac aseve gazrdis mis motivacias enis 

dauflebisadmi. konkursebis JiuriSi mowveuli stumrebi, ucxouri enis 

maswavleblebi da moswavleebic SeiZleba iyvnen. moswavleTa Seyvana 

JiuriSi, erTis mxriv, moswavleTa azriT, gazrdis Sedegebis obieqturobas, 

meore mxriv ki, gamoumuSavebT maT TviTSefasebis unars. Jiuris wevri susti 

moswavlec ki SeiZleba gaxdes. es misTvis momavalSi ukeTesi swavlis 

biZgadac ki SeiZleba gadaiqces. skolis biblioTeka awyobs klasgareSe 

kiTxvisaTvis gankuTvnili wignebis gamofenas. SesaZlebelia gamofena- 

gayidvaze romelime gamomcemlobis mowveva. 

s.n.savini [Савин, 1991] ixilavs enis dekadisTvis momzadebis ramdenime 

variants. 

varianti 1. sxvadasxva sagnebis “Ria” gakveTilebi tardeba Sesaswavl 

ucxour enaze, rasac ucxouri enis maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT 

winaswar emzadebian rogorc sagnobrivi maswavleblebi, romlebic 

Sesaswavl enas saTanado doneze floben, ise moswavleebic. moswavleebi 

Rebuloben saintereso informacias istoriuli pirebis, Sesaswavli enis 

qveynis geografiis, cnobili mecnierebis, mwerlebis, kulturuli 

moRvaweebis Sesaxeb da a.S. 

varianti 2. dekadis msvlelobisas xdeba klubebisa da wreebis muSaobis 

erTgvari angariSi. programaSi Sedis Tematuri gamofenebi, speqtakli, 

mxiarulTa da sazrianTa klubis gamosvla, mkiTxvelTa konkursis Catareba 

da a.S. 

varianti 3. Tematuri dekada: “ra iciT Sesaswavli enis qveynis / 

qveynebis Sesaxeb”. programaSi SeiZleba Sevides Tematuri gamofenebi, 

konferencia, koncerti, speqtakli da viqtorinebi. 

ganvixiloT, magaliTad, dekadis SesaZlo gegma. 

pirveli dRe: dekadis sazeimo gaxsna, misi programis gacnoba, simReris 

konkursi. 

meore dRe: “anbanis dRe” – V-VI klasis moswavleebis konkursi 

marTlweraSi. 

27

mesame dRe: kedlis gazeTebisa da plakatebis gamofenis gaxsna (gamofenis 

Tematikaa didi britaneTis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisa da sxva 

inglisurenovani qveynebis istoria da dRevandeli cxovreba). 

meoTxe dRe: deklamaciis konkursi (gamoiyeneba cnobil avtorTa 

nawarmoebi). 

meeqvse dRe: speqtakli. 

meSvide dRe: viqtorina inglisurenovani qveynebis Sesaxeb 

(ufrosklaselTaTvis). 

merve dRe: iumoris saRamo. 

mecxre dRe: cnobil adamianebTan Sexvedra (maTi moRvaweoba inglisuri enis 

gamoyenebasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli, Tu aris amis SesaZlebloba, 

kargia ucxoeli stumrebis mowveva). 

meaTe dRe: dekadis sazeimo daxurva, gamarjvebulTa dajoldoeba, 

koncerti. 

wreobrivi muSaoba jgufuri muSaobis formas warmoadgens. wreebis 

(klubebis) muSaoba sistemur xasiaTs atarebs (wris sxdomebi tardeba, 

magaliTad, kviraSi erTxel). wreebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian TavianTi 

mimarTulebiT: dramatuli wre, zepirmetyvelebis wre (debatebis klubi), 

mxatvruli literauris / presis / samecniero-popularuli literaturis 

kiTxvisa da Targmanis wre da a.S. am wreebis amocanaa ucxouri enis unar- 

Cvevebis srulyofa da maTi praqtikuli gamoyeneba. 

wreebis dakompleqteba unda xdebodes moswavleTa interesebisa da 

survilis gaTvaliswinebiT da ara maTi akademiuri moswrebis safuZvelze. 

miuxedavad amisa, wreSi wevroba garkveul movaleobebTanac unda iyos 

dakavSirebuli. moswavleebma unda icodnen, rom maT aqtivobaze 

damokidebulia wris arseboba-ararsebobis sakiTxi. wris wevrebi SeiZleba 

sxvadasxva asakis moswavleebi iyvnen. rac MmTavaria, maTi enobrivi done 

Zalian ar unda gansxvavdebodes, Tu wris amocanas warmoadgens 

konkretuli enobrivi unar-Cvevebis srulyofa (magaliTad, kiTxvis wre). 

Zlieri moswavlisTvis kargi stimuli SeiZleba aRmoCndes ufro maRali 

klasebis moswavleebTan erTad wreSi monawileoba. 

masobrivi an jgufuri klasgareSe muSaobis naklebad sistematuri 

formaa gakveTili-eqskursia, ekologiuri an sxva praqtikuli RonisZieba 

Ria cis qveS, pikniki da a.S. yvelaferi axali kargad daviwyebuli Zveliao. 

28

es gamonaTqvami savsebiT Seesabameba Tanamedrove pedagogikis gasvlas 

saswavleblis kedlebidan, saswavlo procesis kavSiris aRsadgenad realur 

cxovrebasTan. gavixsenoT, Tundac, Zveli berZnuli “skolebi” Ria cis qveS, 

romlebSic maswavlebeli – droSi garkveuli SezRudvis gareSe - 

esaubreboda mis irgvliv mjdar moswavleebs. bunebasTan, realuri 

cxovrebis amocanebTan kavSiris aRdgena iwvevs maRal motivacias da, 

Sesabamisad, swavlebis maRal efeqturobas. ucxouri enis klasgareSe 

muSaobisas efeqturia gakveTili-eqskursia, gakveTili-pikniki, gakeTili- 

wveuleba (urTierTobis ena – Sesaswavli enaa). isini gansakuTrebiT 

efeqturia, Tu ucxouri enis gamoyeneba motivirebulia – RonisZiebis erTi 

monawile mainc Sesaswavli enis matarebeli an ucxoelia. 

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba muSaobis individualur formebs: referatebis 

momzadebas, audiovizualuri saSualebebiT mecadineobas, damoukidebel 

kiTxvas, ucxoel megobrebTan eleqtronuli fostis saSualebiT miwer- 

moweras, esses daweras, statiebis momzadebas kedlis gazeTisaTvis da a.S. 

maRal klasebSi ucxour enaSi dainteresebuli moswavleebi, romlebsac 

ukve CamouyalibdaT damoukidebeli muSaobis strategiebi, maswavleblisgan 

sruliad damoukidebelni arian. V-IX klasis moswavleebis individualuri 

klasgareSe muSaobisas jer kidev sasurvelia maswavleblis daxmareba. 

masobrivi da jgufuri klasgareSe RonisZiebebisTvis momzadeba 

dasawyisSi xSirad individualuri muSaobis formiT mimdinareobs. 

maswavleblis roli aseT muSaobaSi asistentis an konsultantis rols 

SeiZleba SevadaroT. jgufuri da masobrivi RinisZiebebis dros 

maswavlebeli pirvel rigSi rogorc organizatori vlindeba. misi amocanaa 

moswavleTa motivireba, maTi aqtivobebis koordinireba, enobrivi 

“eqspertiza”, moswavleTa iniciativis gamovlenis xelis Sewroba da a.S. 

29

1.4. klasgareSe muSaobis miznebi da amocanebi 

ucxour enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis miznebi ZiriTadad Seesabameba 

sagakveTilo muSaobis praqtikul, aRmzrdelobiT, saganmanaTleblo da 

ganmaviTarebel miznebs, magram, Tu gakveTilze muSaobis ZiriTad mizans 

praqtikuli (komunikaciuri) mizani warmoadgens, klasgareSe muSaobis 

formis gaTvaliswinebiT, pirvel planze SeiZloeba sxva mizanic iqnas 

wamoweuli (magaliTad, esTeturi aRzrda inglisuri da amerikuli 

xelovnebis Semswavlel wreSi). 

unda aRiniSnos, rom dRes klasgareSe muSaobas zneobrivi aRmzrdis 

funqcia ki ar unda moexsnas, rogorc amas xSirad aqvs adgili, aramed 

sabWoTadroindelma ideologizaciam amJamad adgili unda dauTmos humanur 

zneobriv aRzrdas [Демакова, 2000, Якимович, 1997]. amaSi ucxouri ena, sxva 

saswavlo disciplinebTan SedarebiT, gansakuTrebiT did daxmarebas 

gagviwevs, radgan enis rogorc komunikaciis saSualebis dauflebasTan 

erTad moswavleebi ecnobian sxvadasxva erebis wes-Cveulebebs, adareben maT 

mSobliur kulturas da ufiqrdebian sxvadasxva zneobriv problemebs. 

Tu sagakveTilo mecadineobis wamyvani amocanaa enobrivi masalis 

SeTviseba da saTanado unar-Cvevebis formireba, klasgareSe muSaoba 

yuradRebas metad amaxvilebs bavSvis SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis ganviTarebze, 

Tumca, wris amocanis mixedviT, konkretuli unar-Cvevvebic (magaliTad, 

kiTxvis) SeiZleba wina planze wamoiwios. 

klasgareSe muSaobis formis mixedviT yuradReba gadatanilia gonebriv 

Sromaze (magaliTad, mTargmnelTa wre) an mecadineobis emociur aspeqtze 

(koncertebi). 

klasgareSe muSaobisas moswavleebi praqtikulad iyeneben da aRrmaveben 

gakveTilze miRebul Teoriul codnas, saSualeba aqvT, gaamyaron 

Camoyalibebuli enobrivi unar-Cvevebi. 

klasgareSe muSaobis amocanaa dakmayofildes moswavleTa is 

isnteresebi, romelTa dakmayofileba sakmarisad ver xerxdeba saklaso 

muSaobisas, maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebul iqnas individualuri midgoma. 

ucxouri ena iseTi disciplinaa, romelsac maRali potenciali aqvs 

saganTaSorisi kavSirebis Camosayalibeblad. samwuxarod, saxelmZRvanelo 

da programa yovelTvis ar uwyoben xels am kavSirebis saTanado doneze 

30

ealizacias. klasgareSe muSaobis amocanaa, realurad Camoyalibdes es 

kavSirebi. masobrivi RonisZiebebis organizebisas, wre-klubebis Seqmnisas 

da moswavleebTan individualuri muSaobis procesSi arsebul 

stereotipebs ki ar unda gavyveT, aramed originaluri RonisZiebebi unda 

movamzadoT moswavleTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, magaliTad, 

krosvordebis Sedgena-amoxsnis konkursi, popvarskvlavebis an cnobil 

fexburTelTa “preskonferencia” da a.S. moswavleTa mdidari fantazia 

dagvexmareba klasgareSe muSaobis Tematikisa da formebis 

mravalferovnebisa da originalobis uzrunvelyofaSi. 

klasgareSe muSaobisas aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT dRevandeli 

cxovrebis moTxovnebi: Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis (mobiluri 

telefoni, videomagnitofoni, kompiuteri) gamoyeneba, momzadeba 

saerTaSoriso gamocdebisTvis, kompiterze beWdvis unar-Cvevebis 

Camoyalibeba, telefonze pasuxis kultura da a.S. 

Tanamedrove pedagogikis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, klasgareSe 

muSaoba maqsimalurad unda uwyobdes xels TanamSromlobas, erTis mxriv, 

maswavleblisa da moswavleebs Soris, meore mxriv ki – TviT moswavleebs 

Soris. RonisZiebaTa garkveuli nawili TviTmmarTvelobiT unda 

xasiaTdebodes (rac metia moswavleTa asaki, miT meti damoukidebloba unda 

mieceT maT). wris an klubis xelmZRvanelebi SeiZleba iyvnen moswavleebi. 

es ar gamoricxavs maswavleblis daxmarebasa da kontrols, magram ZiriTad 

pasuxeblobas moswavleebs akisrebs, rac amzadebs maT momavali 

cxovrebisTvis. 

Tu sagakveTilo sistemis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa moswavleTa 

codnis Semowmeba da Sefaseba, klasgareSe muSaoba am amocanas ar isaxavs. 

Secdomebis koreqcias aqac, rasakvirvelia, aqvs adgili, magram masze 

maxvili ar keTdeba. maswavleblisa da megobrebis mier dadebiTi Sefaseba 

ki xels uwyobs swavlis motivaciis gazrdas, rac klasgareSe muSaobis 

erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens. 

a.n.SCukini [Щукин, 2002, gv. 66-69] miuTiTebs, rom rogorc sagakveTilo, ise 

klasgareSe muSaobisas ucxouri enis swavlebis amocanebi – etapebis 

Sesabamisad - aris: 

dawyebiT etapze (ruseTis skolebSi es I-IV klasebia, CvenTan 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSi – V-VII klasebi): 

31

- elementaluri sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba sametyvelo 

aqtivobis oTxive saxiT (audireba, saubari, kiTxva da wera), 

- zogierTi lingvisturi cnebis Camoyalibeba, romelic rogorc 

mSobliur, ise ucxour enasTan aris dakavSirebuli, 

- ucxoenobrivi simRerebis, leqsebis, zRaprebis gacnoba, TamaSebisa da 

garTobis realizacia ucxour enaze, 

- iseTi kroskulturuli informaciis Seswavla, romelic xels Seuwyobs 

moswavles adaptirebul iqnes ucxoenobriv garemoSi. 

meore safexurze (VIII-IX klasebi): 

- sabazo komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba sametyvelo aqtivobis 

oTxive saxiT, 

- moswavleTa sociokulturuli ganviTareba msoflio kulturis 

konteqstSi saqveyanaTmcodneo da lingvokulturuli masalis 

gamoyenebiT, 

- sakuTari da ucxoenobrivi kulturis “imijis” qona, misi wardgenis 

unari kulturaTSorisi urTierTobis warmarTvisas, 

- enisa da Sesabamisi kulturis damoukidebeli Seswavlis unar-Cvevebis 

Camoyalibeba, 

- adaptirebuli mxatvruli, samecniero-popularuli da sazogadoebriv- 

politikuri literaturis nawarmoebebis fragmentebis gacnoba, 

- ucxouri enis sxva sagnebis Sesaswavlad gamoyenebis elementaruli unar- 

Cvevebis formireba. 

mesame safexuri (ufrosi klasebi) Cveni kvlevis farglebs scildeba. 

32

1.5. daskvna 

1. klasgareSe aqtivobaTa Soris swavla, TamaSi da Sroma racionalurad 

unda iyvnen ganawilebuli. klasgareSe muSaoba ar unda gadaiqces 

saklaso oTaxSi swavlis dublikatad, ufro maRal doneze. masobriv 

RonisZiebebSi (monawileTa “siWrelis” gamo), magaliTad, dominirebs 

TamaSi, specializebuli wreebis muSaobaSi – swavla. orive aRniSnuli 

saxis klasgareSe muSaobaSi adgili aqvs SromiT saqmianobasac. 

2. logikur-verbaluri azrovnebis roli V klasidan IX klasamde 

mniSvnelovnad izrdeba. meqanikuri damaxsovreba logikurs uTmobs 

adgils. Tumca, es ar gamoricxavs TvalsaCinoebis did rols ucxour 

enaze klasgareSe muSaobisas, radgan TvalsaCinoeba uzrunvelyofs 

moswavleTa gonebis logikuri da emociuri aspeqtebis urTierTkavSirs 

da zrdis muSaobis motivacias. 

3. mozadrTa interesebis specializaciis gaTvaliswinebiT ucxouri enis 

wreebi V-VI klasSi SeiZleba “zogadi” iyos, Semdeg ki aucilebelia 

maTi specializacia enobrivi unar-Cvevebis (zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, 

Targmnis wreebi) an sxva saswavlo sagnebTan kavSiris damyarebis 

mimarTulebiT. 

4. ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaobis yvela motivi unda gamoviyanoT: 

garToba, zogadi cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofileba, Sesaswavli enis 

qveynis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba, sxva sagnebSi codnis gaRrmaveba, 

proforientaciis pirveli nabijebi, TanatolebTan araformaluri 

urTierTobebis saSualeba, SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis mosinjva da sxv. Tavis 

rigSi, klasgageSe muSaoba ucxour enaSi gazrdis am saganSi saklaso 

mecadineobisadmi interessa da saswavlo procesis efeqturobas. 

5. klasgareSe muSaoba, saklaso mecadineobasTan SedarebiT, metad 

uwyobs xels moswavleTa Semoqmedebas, maT socializacias, pirovnebis 

Camoyalibebas. amitom mas didi mniSvneloba unda hqondes skolis 

muSaobaSi. 

6. klasgareSe muSaobis sxvadasxva formebs zogadsaganmanaTleblo, 

ganmaviTarebeli da aRmzrdelobiTi miznebis gansxvavebuli “wona” 

axasiaTebT. maswavleblis mxridan didi taqtia saWiro, raTa klasgareSe 

33

muSaobam misi didaqtikuri rolic ganasaxieros da amave dros zedmetad 

didaqtikuri ar aRmoCndes. 

7. arsebobs sagakveTilo da klasgareSe muSaobis organuli kavSiri da 

amave dros mniSvnelovani gansxvavebac: 


muSaobas, Tumca rogorc misi enobrivi masala, ise Tematika ufro 

farToa; 



srulyofs arsebul unar-Cvevebs; 

- klasgareSe muSaoba naklebad formalizebulia, magram igic sistemur 

xasiaTs atarebs da “xerxemlad” sagakveTilo masalas iyenebs; Sefasebis 

sistema klasgareSe muSaobisas waxalisebiT ifargleba. 

8. klasgareSe muSaobis formebi ganisazRvreba Semdegi kriteriumebis 

safuZvelze: muSaobaSi CarTul moswavleTa raodenoba, Casatarebeli 

samuSaos sistematuroba, moswavleTa Semadgenlobis stabiluroba, 

adgili, sadac mimdinareobs muSaoba. 

9. klasgareSe muSaobisas aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT dRevandeli 

cxovrebis moTxovnebi: Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba, 

momzadeba saerTaSoriso gamocdebisTvis, kompiuterze beWdvis unar- 

Cvevebis Camoyalibeba, telefonze pasuxis kultura, sazogadoebrivi 

dakveTa ucxouri enis mflobeli garkveuli profilis muSakebze da a.S. 

10. Tanamedrove pedagogikis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT, klasgareSe 

muSaoba maqsimalurad unda uwrobdes xels TanamSromlobas, erTis 

mxriv, maswavleblisa da moswavleebis, meore mxriv ki – TviT 

moswavleebs Soris. RonisZiebaTa garkveuli nawili TviTmmarTvelobiT 

unda xasiaTdebodes. 

34

Tavi II. klasgareSe muSaobis Sinaarsi da organizeba V-IX klasebSi 

2.1. klasgareSe muSaoba zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad 

zepirmetyvelebis swavlebisas famoyenebulia scenarebisa da freimebis 

konstruirebis teqnika. 

enis Semecnebisas struqturuli lingvistikis amosavali enobrivi 

obieqtebia (sityva, winadadeba, teqsti), xolo kognitiuri lingvistikisa ki 

adamiani, misi moTxovnilebebi, motivebi, miznebi, zraxvebi, praqtikuli da 

komunikaciuri qmedebebi, komunikaciuri situaciebi, romelSic adamiani 

monawileobs an rogorc iniciatori da lideri, an rogorc 

meorexarisxovani rolis Semsrulebeli. 

lingvistikaSi anTropologiuri midgomis Semotanam mniSvnelovnad 

gazarda interesi “molaparakis” pirovnuli da socialuri aspeqtebis 

mimarT. cxadi gaxda, rom metyvelebis garkveul strategiaTa realizacia 

da interpretacia SeuZlebelia mravalferovan pirovnul da socialur- 

kulturul faqtorTa gaTvaliswinebis gareSe. metyveleba rTuli 

komunikaciuri movlenaa, romelic, garda teqstebisa, moicavs 

eqstralingvistur faqtorebsac – codnas samyaros Sesaxeb, Tvalsazriss, 

ganwyobas, adresatis mizans. swored es faqtorebi uzrunveyofen teqstis 

adekvatur aRqmas. 

komunikaciuri pragmatikisaTvis, iseve rogorc kognitiuri 

fsiqologiisa da xelovnuri inteleqtisaTvis, metad mniSvnelovania 

codnis reprezentaciis Tema. spontanuri, an organizebuli diskursis 

farglebSi, nebismieri komunikaciuri qmedeba warmoadgens ama Tu im 

komunikaciur-kognitiur struqturaTa realizacias. swored aseTi 

komunikaciur-kognitiuri struqturebia “freimebi”, romlebic moicaven 

socialur-kulturuli xasiaTis informacis, an codnas imis Sesaxeb, rasac 

vitgenSteini “komunikaciur TamaSebs” uwodebda. 

freimi “Crime Scenario”: 

“Cadenilia danaSauli, romlis Sesaxebac cnobili gaxda 

xelisuflebisaTvis. iwyeba gamoZieba, romelic umravles SemTxvevaSi 

mTavrdeba damnaSavis dapatimrebiTa da sasamarTlo procesiT. dapatimreba 

da sxva procedurebi tardeba eWvmitanilis gamovlenis mizniT, romelic 

35

SesaZloa, warsdges sasamarTlos winaSe da iqces braldebulad. dgindeba 

eWvmitanilis monawileoba danaSaulSi da eWvmitanili xdeba damnaSave”... 

mocemuli freimis elementebia : authorities, charge, crime, perpetrator, suspect, 

criminal investigation, criminal process, arrest, sentencing, trial … 

teqstis aRqmisaTvis mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor axdenen samyaros 

“modelirebas” mesijis avtori da mesijis mimRebi. komunikacia myardeba 

mxolod maSin, rodesac molaparakis cnobierebaSi, mis samyaros xatSi 

arsebobs garkveuli “akumulirebuli Sinaarsebi” – “freimebi”, “mentaluri 

modelebi”, “scenarebi”, “situaciaTa modelebi”. 

freimuli semantika empiriuli semantikis mimarTulebaa, 

romlisTvisac prioritetulia enasa da gamocdilebas Soris arsebuli 

kavSiri. es aris sistema, romlis nebismieri elementis gasagebad saWiroa 

mTeli sistemis gageba. freimul semantikaSi sityva gamocdilebis 

kategorias warmoadgens. 

freimis Taviseburebebi dgindeba komunikantebs Soris molaparakebis 

safuZvelze. es Taviseburebebi informatiulad niSnadia 

komunikantebisaTvis. 

freimuli semantikis ZiriTadi debuleba, romlis amosavalsac 

warmoadgens leqsikuri mniSvnelobis aRwera, gulisxmobs, rom yoveli 

sityva (mocemuli mniSvnelobiT) qmnis konkretul freims. konstruirebuli 

freimi warmoadgens codnis struqturas, romelic saWiroa mocemuli 

leqsikuri, Tu frazeologiuri erTeulis gasagebad. 

freimi xels uwyobs tipiuri situaciebis adeqvatur kognitiur 

gadamuSavebas, uzrunvelyofs teqstis bmulobas, konteqstualur 

“molodins”, iZleva Semdgom movlenaTa prognozirebis saSualebas. aqedan 

gamomdinare, komunikaciur-kognitiuri pragmatika gvTavazobs im faqtorTa 

Seswavlis saSualebas, romelTa meSveobiTac iqmneba teqstis mTlianobisa 

da bmulobis gancda. 

sametyvelo urTierTobis umniSvnelovanes pirobas warmodgens 

“mizanmimarTuloba” aRqmaze. aRqma xdeba ara mxolod maSin, rodesac 

adamianebi cdiloben gaogon sityvis, an gamonaTqvamSi sityvaTSeTanxmebis 

mniSvneloba, aramed, upirveles yovlisa, maSin, rodesac adamianebi 

koncentrirebulni arian Tanamosaubris intenciaze, imaze, Tu risi 

gamoxatva surs Tanamosaubres. 

36

komunikaciis kvlevisas, aucilebelia imis gansazRvra, Tu ra faqtori 

ganapirobebs msmenelis mier molaparakis intenciis aRqmis siswores. 

miuxedavad imisa, rom es faqtori verbaluri gamoxatulebis miRma rCeba, 

igi gamonaTqvamis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens. “kadrs miRma” arsebuli 

Sinaarsobrivi faqtori komunikaciur aqtSi monawileTa individualuri 

gamocdilebisa da codnis sferos ganekuTvneba. 

sxvadasxva eri da sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur-kulturuli 

fena enas sxvadasxvagvarad iyenebs. konteqstis aRqmis procesSi sametyvelo 

aqtis monawileebs unda gaaCndeT saerTo, rogorc enobrivi, ise istoriuli, 

kulturuli da socialuri xasiaTis codna. swored es codna warmoadgens 

socialur-kulturul fons, riTac aRqmuli metyveleba xasiaTdeba. amgvari 

codna erovnulobis niSniTaa aRbeWdili. am “niSnis” gareSe SeuZlebelia 

informaciis sruli da swori aRqma. efeqturi komunikaciis erT-erT 

umiSvnelovanes faqtors komunikantebis mentalitetis msgavseba 

warmoadgens. 

metyvelebis, rogorc enis matareblis qmedebis ganxilvis pirveli 

cda asaxulia sametyvelo aqtebis TeoriaSi, romlis mixedviTac ZiriTad 

erTeuls warmoadgens “sametyvelo aqti” da igi aerTianebs intencias, 

metyvelebis dasrulebul, minimalur monakveTs da Sedegs. aqedan 

gamomdinare, adamianuri komunikaciis umcires erTeuls warmoadgens ara 

winadadeba, armed qmedeba – iseTi konkretuli sametyvelo aqtebis 

ganxorcieleba, rogoricaa konstatacia, SekiTxva, brZaneba, aRwera, axsna da 

a.S. 

codnis freimuli modelebiT warmodgenas ori metad mniSvnelovani 

markeri aqvs – sicxade da mimarTeba sxva modelebTan. 

garda erT konkretul freimSi arsebuli kavSirebisa, arsebobs kavSiri 

freimebs Sorisac. es kavSiri inaxeba adamianis gonebaSi da ganpirobebulia 

Semdegi faqtiT: sxvadasxva freimi moicavs erTi da imave enobriv masalas, 

sxvadasxva scenis elementebi msgavsia, vinaidan isini gansazRvrulni arian, 

rogorc arsis, mimarTebebeisa da substanciis erTi da imave “repertuariT”, 

ise maTi adamianis mier cxovrebaSi gamoyenebis konteqstebiT. 

teqstis, rogorc freimebis ierarqiis warmodgena, asaxavs teqstis 

arqiteqtonikisa da informaciis gadanawilebis kanonzomierebebs. 

37

ogorc ucxouri enis gakveTilebze, ise klasgareSe muSaobisas 

gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom mSobliur da ucxour enaze 

zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis dauflebis motivebi sakmaod 

gansxvavebulia. Tu mSobliuri enis daufleba aucilebelia garemosTan 

komunikaciis mizniT (rac, faqtiurad, fizikurad gadarCenasTan kavSirSia), 

ucxour enaze metyvelebis Camoyalibebas sxva motivebi sWirdeba. sxva 

qveynebis moqalaqeebTan komunikacia moswavlisTvis aucileblobas ar 

warmoadgens, Tumca bevri moswavlisTvis ucxouri enis floba niSnavs meti 

da ufro mravalferovani informaciis miRebis, mogzaurobis, urTierTobis 

wris gafarToebis, momavali samsaxurebrivi warmatebis saSualebas. 

wreobrivi muSaobisas SeZlebisdagvarad yvela es motivi unda gaZlierdes, 

rasakvirvelia, pirvel planze im motivebis wamoweviT, romlebic 

moswavleebs isedac aqvT. 

uaRresad mniSvnelovania, moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba rogorc 

sakmarisad usminon sanimuSo metyvelebas, ise TviTon imetyvelon 

Sesaswavl enaze. sanimuSo metyvelebis mosasmenad, erTis mxriv, unda 

mivmarToT avTentikur da saswavlo miznebiT Seqmnil audio da 

videoCanawerebs, meore mxriv ki, maswavlebeli (romlis metyvelebac unda 

iyos fonetikurad, leqsikurad da gramatikulad gamarTuli) unda 

Tavisuflad metyvelebdes Sesaswavl enaze. es piroba, samwuxarod, 

yovelTvis ver sruldeba gakveTilis pirobebSi, magram sasaubro wris 

muSaobisas mkacrad unda iyos daculi. 

ucxouenobriv zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad 

klasgereSe muSaobisas mniSvnelovania mravalferovani da saintereso 

sasaubro Tematikis SerCeva moswavleTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

zepirmetyvelebis Tematikis SerCevaSi moswavleebma aucileblad unda 

miiRon monawileoba, maswavlebels SeuZlia mxolod rCevis micema da Temis 

formulirebis koreqtireba. moswavleebis mier SeTavazebul TemaTa Soris 

SerCeva kenWis yris wesiT SeiZleba movaxdinoT. raTa moswavleebi metad 

dainteresdnen sasaubro / mosasmeni masalis TematikiT, sasurvelia 

gamoviyenoT TvalsaCinoeba: suraTebi, videomasalebi da realiebi, 

gansakuTrebiT, Tu isini Sesaswavli enis qveynidanaa Camotanili. skolaSi 

aseTi TvalsaCinoeba TandaTanobiT unda dagrovdes. bevri masalis 

dagrovebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamofenebi gaimarTos da muzeumic ki 

38

gaixsnas. moswavleTa mier momzadebuli TvalsaCinoebiT ucxouri enis 

kabineti SeiZleba gaformdes. 

SerCeuli Tema unda enobrivad misawvdomi iyos moswavleebisTvis, mas 

safuZvlad unda edos gakveTilze naswavli Tematuri leqsika, romelic 

SeiZleba garkveulwilad gafarTovdes (10 –20 %-iT). 

miuxedavad imisa, rom leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba zepirmetyvelebis 

(iseve, rogorc kiTxvisa da Targmnis) wris uSualo amaocanas ar 

warmoadgens, mas aucileblad aqvs adgili. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, 

klasgereSe muSaoba meti damoukideblobiTa da SemoqmedebiT xasiaTdeba, 

vidre klasSi muSaoba. amitom axali leqsikis Seswavla ufro xSirad 

induqciuri meTodebiT (konteqstualur da sityvis morfemul analizze 

dayrdnobili mixvedra) unda xdebodes. SeiZleba moswavleebs monacvleobiT 

daevalos gansaxilveli TemisTvis sasargeblo leqsikis SerCeva, misi – 

wris danarCeni wevrebis winaSe – wardgena da axsna. SeiZleba Catardes 

saukeTeso “maswavleblis” konkursic, romelic aCvenebs, Tu romelma 

moswavlem ufro efeqturad SearCia leqsika da originalurad SeZlo misi 

prezentacia. wris TiToeuli SexvedrisaTvis SeiZleba dainiSnos leqsikur 

maragze pasuxismgebeli moswavle. man saubris Tema winaswar unda icodes 

da moemzados, gauwios megobrebs daxmareba, Tu maT daaviwydebaT an 

daakldebaT saWiro sityva. SedarebiT maRali klasebidan (VIII-IX kl.) 

sityvis arcodnis SemTxvevaSi unda movTxovoT moswavleebs mSobliur 

enaze ki ar daasaxelon maTTvis saWiro sityva, aramed Sesaswavl enaze 

axsnan, ra sityvas eZeben (amiT isini ucxoel TanamosaubresTan komunikaciis 

avTentikur situacias mibaZaven), magaliTad: Pupil 1: I need … we wash hands with 

it. Pupil 2: Water? Pupil 1: No, no. It is like shampoo, but it is hard. It smells nice. And it makes our 

hands clean. Pupil 2: Soap? Pupil 1: Right, thank you. 

ar aris aucilebeli, wris msvleloba yovelTvis maswavlebelma 

warmarTos. yoveli sxdomis wamyvanad SeiZleba sxvadasxva moswavle 

SeirCes. aseTi midgoma Tanamedrove, demokratiuli pedagogikis moTxovnebs 

Seesabameba. 

sakuTriv enis SeswavliT dainteresebul bavSvebs SeiZleba iseTi Temebi 

SevTavazoT, rogoricaa: sasacilo / dramatuli situaciebi, romelSic 

adamiani SeiZleba aRmoCndes enis arcodnis (cudi codnis) gamo, vin arian 

poliglotebi, Sesaswavli enis ganviTarebis istoria da sxv. mecnierebisa 

39

da teqnikis miRwevebiT gatacebul moswavleebs ki ufro daainteresebT 

sagazeTo publikaciebi saTanado Temebze, gamofenebisa da katalogebis 

daTvaliereba da maTze saubari da a.S. 

sasurvelia, wris yvala wevrma garkveuli wvlili Seitanos Tematikis 

SerCevaSi, masalis momzadebaSi, Temis gansaxilvelad saintereso 

sakiTxebis momzadebaSi da sxv. Tu romelime moswavle ar iCens iniciativas, 

dauSvebelia misi daZaleba, Tumca, maswavlebels SeuZlea misces mas rCeva 

misi unarisa da interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. maswavlebelma yvelaferi 

unda iRonos, raTa gaaqtiuros wris yvela wevri. 

sasaubro Tematika saxelmZRvanelos unda eyrdnobodes (raTa 

moswavleebis leqsikur marags efuZnebodes), magram mas ar unda imeorebdes. 

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi moswavleTa motivacia dabali iqneba. Tu, 

magaliTad, gakveTilze Seiswavleba tansacmlis Tema, wreobrivi muSaobisas 

moswavleebma mza da sakuTari xeliT Sekerili tansacmlis upiratesobebze 

SeiZleba isaubron, modis axali tendenciebi gaarCion da a.S. aseTi midgoma 

gazrdis maT interessac da enis praqtikulad gamoyenebis donesac. 

raTa sasaubrod moswavleebs sakmarisi masala hqondeT, SeiZleba maT 

winaswar mieceT wasakiTxi an mosasmeni masala. maswavlebels aseve SeuZlia 

winaswar daasaxelos sasaubro Tema, raTa moswavleebma TviTon moipovon an 

moifiqron saintereso informacia mis irgvliv. 

zepirmetyvelebis wris mizani SeiZleba iyos rogorc ubralod 

enobrivi praqtikis uzrunvelyofa, ise romelime saskolo an ufro maRali 

donis RonisZiebebisTvis momzadeba. wris muSaobaSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos 

is moswavleebi, romlebic Semdeg konferenciebSi an olimpiadebSi miiReben 

monawileobas. 

gakveTilisgan gansxvavebiT, zepirmetyvelebis wris wevrebi 

savarjiSoebs ki ar unda asrulebdnen, aramed realur enobriv 

komunikaciaSi unda iyvnen Cabmulni. rasakvirvelia, sasaubro davaleba da 

Tema farulad emsaxureba garkveuli masalis ganmtkicebas, magram aSkarad 

es amocana ar unda ismebodes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi motivaciis vardnas 

eqneba adgili. 

uaRresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs keTili atmosferos Seqmnas, raTa 

moixsnas Secdomis daSvebis SiSi, Warbi morcvxoba, sxva, gakveTilisTvis 

xSirad damaxasiaTebeli fsiqologiuri problemebi. mxolod urTierTndoba 

40

saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, moindomon ucxour enaze realur 

komunikaciaSi Sesvla. 

zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis formireba-srulyofa klasgareSe 

muSaobisas iseve, rogorc saklaso mecadineobisas, audirebisa da saubris 

(laparakis) unar-Cvevebs gulisxmobs. 

audirebis unar-Cvevebis formireba met dros moiTxovs, vidre gakveTilis 

dros gvaqvs am amocanisTvis daTmobili, ris gamoc skolis moswavleebis 

audirebis unar-Cvevebi sxva unar-CvevebTan SedarebiT dabali doniT 

xasiaTdeba xolme. garda amisa, audioCanawerebis gamoyeneba swrafad Rlis 

moswavleebs da dasaSvebia maqsimum 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi erTi gakveTilis 

msvlelobisas. amis kompensireba aucilebeli da SesaZlebelia klasgareSe 

muSaobisas. am mizniT, kerZod, saukeTeso molaparakis garda, saukeTeso 

msmenlis konkursi SeiZleba CavataroT. mosasmeni masala (ara mxolod 

audioCanawerebi, aramed maswavlelis metyvelebac, gansakuTrebiT, Tu misi 

warmoTqma da leqsikur-gramatikuli unar-Cvevebi saTanado donezea) ufro 

rTuli da amave dros ufro Tanamedrove, saintereso da mravalferovani 

unda iyos, vidre gakveTilze, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas maRali 

motivacia. muSaoba unda Seicavdes iseT, enis gakeTilze iSviaTad 

gamoyenebul formebs, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mxatvruli kiTxva, 

popularuli simReris individualuri da gunduri Sesruleba, 

satelevizio / radio Toq-Sous mosmena da a.S. mosasmeni Canawerebi an 

teqstebi, romlebsac maswavlebeli, (ucxoeli) stumrebi da saukeTeso 

moswavleebi waikiTxaven, SeiZleba TviT moswavleebmac SearCion. 

klasgareSe muSaobisas zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis formireba- 

srulyofisas, iseve rogorc gakveTilze, mis orive formas unda mivmarToT: 

monologursa da dialogurs. saubari unda iyos rogorc momzadebuli 

(mza dialoguri da monologuri nimuSebis aRdgena, leqsebis zepirad 

wakiTxva da a.S.), ise spontanuri. spontanur saubars meti adgili unda 

daeTmos. radgan swored dialogs meti spontanuroba axasiaTebs, mas, da 

ara Sin momzadebuli monologuri moxsenebebis wakiTxvas, unda daeTmos 

meti dro. dialogebi unda Sedges wyvilebSi an wris yvela wevris 

monawileobiT (polilogi). maswavlebelma unda miaCvios moswavleebi 

saubarSi CarTvisTis saWiro frazebs (I am sorry to interrupt, but… May I add 

something? I’ve listened to you attentively, now please let me say a couple of words. Can I express 

41

my opinion? I don’t quite share your opinion. da a.S.). roca moswavleebs sakmarisi 

saTqmeli aqvT, maswavlebeli cdilobs ar Caerios maT saubarSi, magram mas 

unda hqondes momzadebuli saintereso kiTxvebi, magaliTebi da a.S., raTa 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xeli Seiwyos saubris gagrZelebas. 

dialogis warmarTvis mizniT maswavlebelma an moswavleebma unda 

winaswar saubris TemasTan dakavSirebuli saintereso situaciebi 

moifiqron, saubris gegma Seadginon. rogorc sasaubro, ise mosasmeni 

situaciebi cxovrebiseuli unda iyvnen, raTa maT praqtikuli mniSvneloba 

hqondeT, magaliTad: 

1) Tqven emzadebiT inglisis romelime qalaqSi saswavlod wasasvlelad. 

mousmineT amindis prognozs (weliwadis sxvadasxva drois amindis 

amsaxvel fragmentebs) da isaubreT imaze, Tu ra tansacmels waiRebT 

Tan. waikiTxeT / moismineT informacia qalaqis RirsSesaniSnaobebis 

Taobaze da TqviT, romeli maTganis naxvas isurvebdiT da ratom. 

2) esaubreT maRaziis gamyidvels tansacmlis zomebis Sesaxeb 

(“gamyidvels” zomebis cxrili aqvs). 

3) “eqskursia” CautareT ucxoel stumars saqarTvelos romelime qalaqSi 

/ kuTxeSi. SegiZliaT TvalsaCinoeba gamoiyenoT. 

4) Casuli xarT inglisis / amerikis romelime qalaqSi samogzaurod. 

gaiTamaSeT sastumroSi ganTavsebis epizodi. 

5) ucxoeli stumris koncertze wayvana gindaT. gamokiTxeT igi mis 

gemovnebaze. 

zepirmetyvelebis wris muSaobis, iseve rogorc sxvadasxva 

RonisZiebebis Catarebis efeqtur formas warmoadgens enobrivi TamaSebi. V- 

VI klasSi misawvdomi TamaSia, magaliTad, Alphabet dinner. pirveli moTamaSe 

ambobs Today for dinner I had apples (sakvebis saxeli, romelic aso “a”ze iwyeba). 

meore moswavle ambobs, magaliTad Today for dinner I had bananas. mesame – Today for 

dinner I had cereals, meoTxe - Today for dinner I had duck da a.S. VII-IX klasis 

moswavleebisTvis gamosadegia TamaSi-Sejibri Experts. yvela gundi gamoyofs 

romelime Temis “eqsperts.” mowinaaRmdege gundis wevrebi kiTxvebs usvamen 

“eqspertebs”. gamarjvebulia is gundi, romlis eqspertmac met kiTxvas 

upasuxa. 

42

zepirmetyvelebis wris sxomebisTvis gamodgebaL rolebis gaTamaSeba 

wakiTxulisa an mosmenilis safuZvelze, mkiTxvelTa “konferenciebi”, 

dramatuli wris mier momzadebuli speqtaklis ganxilva. 

ucxouri enis intensiuri swavlebisas rolebis gaTamaSebas mimarTaven 

rogorc SemswavlelTa “infantilizaciis” xerxs, raTa komunikaciisas 

moxsnil iqnas “SfoTva” anu “wuxili” (anxiety), romelic gamowveulia 

moswavleTa piradi TaviseburebebiTa da Secdomis daSvebis SiSiT. ucxouri 

enebis tradiciuli meTodebiT swavlebisas rolebis gaTamaSebis elementebi 

zogjer gamoiyeneba tipiur situaciebSi dialoguri metyvelebis 

gavarjiSebisas (moswavle - maswavlebeli, gamyidveli – myidveli, bavSvi – 

mSobeli). klasgereSe muSaobisas SegviZlia ufro xSirad mivmarToT 

muSaobis am formas, mniSvnelovnad gavafarTooT situaciebisa da rolebis 

diapazoni. 

rolebis gaTamaSebisas moswavle Tavis Tavze iRebs rols (sakuTaris 

identursa an sxva adamianis) garkveul situaciaSi. roli da situacia 

SeiZleba sakmaod detalurad iyos aRwerili an Zalian zogadad. “scenari” 

/ “siuJeti” ufro xSirad ar aris SeTavazebuli, Tumca xSirad moniSnulia 

mTavari konfliqti (mag., maRaziaSi ver poulobT TqvenTvis saWiro zomas). 

swavlebis dawyebiT etapze (V-VI kl.) dasaSvebia rolebis gaTamaSebisaTvis 

instruqciebis micema mSobliur enaze. SemoqmedebiTi elementi (enobrivi 

masala, rolisa da situaciis interpretacia, gamonaTqvamis Sinaarsi) 

rolebis gaTamaSebisas Zalian Zlieria. rogorc namdvili (skolamdeli 

asakis bavSvebis), aseve saswavlo TamaSisas monawileebi qvecnobierad qmnian 

“TavianT realobas” da am gziT sakuTar codnas samyaros Sesaxeb amowmeben 

da iviTareben sxva adamianebTan Sesaswavl enaze urTierTqmedebis unars. 

rolebis gaTamaSeba efeqturad xsnis ara marto enobrivi, aramed 

cxovrebiseuli Secdomis daSvebis SiSsac: zneobrivad, praqtikulad an 

enobrivad “araswori” qceva ar gamoiwvevs seriozul marxcs. “mayurebels” 

(Tanaklaselebi, maswavlebeli) naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs, gansakuTrebiT, 

roca wris wevrebi wyvilebad an jgufebad arian dayofili, mTavaria 

rolis Sesrulebis procesi, misi warmatebuloba. aqtivoba saxalisoa da 

moswavlis pirovnebas ar emuqreba (ar aris auculebeli sxvebs gauziaro 

sakuTari Tvalsazrisi; ar aris saWiro rolSi iseTi Rrma Sesvla, 

rogoric msaxiobs TeatrSi rolis Sesrulebisas moeTxoveba). 

43

mSobliuri qalaqis / kuTxis / qveynis RirsSesaniSnaobebis Semswavleli 

wre (namdvili an rolis gaTvaliswinebiT “ucxoeli” stumrebisTvis 

eqskursiebis da saRamoebis, albomebisa da kedlis gazeTis, plakatebis 

momzadebiT) zepirmetyvelebis wris erT-erT SesaZlo variants warmoadgens. 

realuri warmatebis misaRwevad wris Sexvedra kviraSi 1-2jer unda 

xdebodes. kargia, Tu Sexvedrebi ardadagebis drosac (sazafxulo 

ardadagebis garda, roca maswavlebeli SvebulebaSia) gagrZeldeba, raTa 

uwyvetobis efeqti iqnas uzrunvelyofili. erTi Sexvedra erT Temas unda 

eZRvnebodes. misi Tematuri gadatvirTva dauSvebelia. didi moculobis 

mqone Tema SeiZleba wris or-sam sxdomaze ganawildes. wreobrivma muSaobam 

ar unda mosTxovos moswavleebs imdeni dro, rom am saqmianobam ZiriTad 

swavlaze uaryofiTad imoqmedos. 

44

2.2. klasgareSe muSaoba kiTxvisa da Targmanis unar-Cvevebis 

gasaviTareblad 

miuxedavad imisa, rom kiTxva informaciis miRebis ZiriTad wyaros 

warmoadgens, dResdReobiT axalgazrda Taoba misadmi (mSobliur enazec) 

SedarebiT gulgrili aris. moswavleTa kiTxvaSi dainteresebis mizniT 

sasargebloa iseTi Tanamedrove da popularuli saSualebis, rogoricaa 

kompiuteri, kerZod ki, internetze mopovebuli informaciis gamoyeneba. 

saklaso mecadineobebze wasakiTxi masalis moculoba SezRudulia. 

saswavlo teqstebis didi nawili enobrivi masalis SeTvisebas da ara 

informaciis miwodebas emsaxureba, amitom isini xSirad naklebad 

sainteresoa. kiTxvis sxvadasxva saxis wreebi (mxatvruli, samecniero- 

popularuli, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili, 

Sereuli) am xarvezebis daZlevis saSualebas iZleva. 

ucxouri enis Tanamedrove gakveTili Tavs aridebs Targmanis 

gamoyenebas rogorc masalis axsna-prezentaciis, ganmtkicebisa da SeZenili 

codnis kontrolis saSualebas, rac sruliad gamarTlebulia enis 

komunikaciuri swavlebis pirobebSi. amave dros Targmanis unar-Cvevebi ar 

gamomdinareobs avtomaturad saubrisa da weris unar-Cvevebidan, aramed 

specialur swavlebas saWiroebs. zogierT moswavles ainteresbs Tagmani 

rogorc aqtivoba, zogierTi mas Tavis momaval profesiasTan akavSirebs, 

zogierTi ki, ubralod, Targmanis gareSe ar grZnobs Tavs darwmunebulad 

enobrivi masalis SeTvisebisas. yvela maTTvis sasargeblo iqneba mxatvruli 

/ samecniero-popularuli / sazogadoebriv-politikuri / sayofacxovrebo 

Sinaarsis teqstebis Targmnis wre. spontanuri zepiri (miTumetes, 

sinqronuli) Targmanis unar-Cvevebi Zalian rTulia da aRemateba skolis 

moswavleebis mier ucxouri enis flobis dones, magram wakiTxuli 

teqstebis zepiri da weriTi Targmani maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT 

misawvdom da saintereso aqtivobas warmoadgens (VIII klasidan dawyebuli). 

kiTxvis wris muSaobisas aucilebelia kiTxvis sxvadasxva saxeebs 

mivmarToT: Cumsa da xmamaRals, mTargmnelobiTsa da TargmangareSes, 

intensiursa da eqstensiurs (anu analizursa da sinTezurs), Sinaarsis Rrma 

da zogadi gagebiT, ZiebiTsa da daTvalierebiTs da a.S. Sesabamisad, Cumad 

wasakiTxi teqstebi unda mieces moswavleebs rame davalebebTan erTad, 

45

omelTa Sesrulebis xarisxis mixedviTac gasagebi iqneba, ramdenad kargad 

gaiges moswavleebma teqsti. wris sxdomaze xmamaRla kiTxvisas yuradReba 

unda gamaxvildes ara marto fonematur koreqtulobaze, aramed 

gamometyvelebazec, kerZod, logikur maxvilsa da intonaciaze. adekvaturi 

(Sinaarsis srulad gadmomcemi) Targmani drotevadi saqmea, amitom 

umjobesia igi saxlSi Sesruldes, wris Sexvedrisas ki Semowmdes. kargia, 

Tu moswavleebi ara mxolod SearCeven saukeTeso Targmans, aramed 

daasabuTeben kidevac am arCevans. TargmangareSe (Cumi Tu xmamaRali) 

kiTxvis warmateba ki mowmdeba kiTxva-pasuxis, swori-araswori debulebis 

SerCevis da sxva komunikaciuri davalebebis saSualebiT. wakiTxulis 

Sinaarsis reproduqcia misaRebia mxolod maSin, Tu klubis sxva wevrebs 

mocemuli teqsti ar waukiTxavT. Tu klubis wevrebi sakuTriv enis 

dauflebaSi arian dainteresebuli, analizuri kiTxva (sityvebis 

gramatikuli formis dadgena, winadadebis wevrebis garCeva, sinonimebisa da 

antonimebis dasaxeleba da a.S.) maTTvis saintereso da sasargeblo iqneba. 

Tu klubis wevrebi ucxour enas ZiriTadad rogorc eqstralingvisturi 

informaciis miRebis wyaros ixilaven (magaliTad, fizika-maTematikaSi 

dainteresebuli bavSvebi), maTTvis ufro adekvaturi iqneba teqstis 

Sinaarsobrivi analizi, Tumca enobrivi analizic (magaliTad, sarTebis 

daxmarebiT nacnobi fuZis mqone sityvebis mniSvnelobis dadgena) Tavis 

wvlils Seitans moswavleTa kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis srulyofaSi. dabal 

klasebSi (V_VII) teqstis moculoba didi ar aris, da kiTxvis unar-Cvevebic 

jer-jerobiT mtkice ar aris, amitom kiTxva unda xdebodes teqstis sruli 

gagebiT. Semdgom safexurze uaRresad did rols iZens teqstis ZiriTadi 

Sinaarsis gamotana, gadaTvalierebiTi da ZiebiTi kiTxva (reading for the jist, 

skimming and scanning reading). am unar-CvevaTa gasaviTareblad ara mxolod 

maswavlebels, aramed moswavleebsac SeuZliaT saTanado davalebebi 

Seadginon: Find the paragraph in the text speaking about … Match the titles and the texts. Entitle 

the text. Imagine you are an editor of a newspaper. Group the texts according to their topic. da a.S. 

wasakiTxad SeiZleba bevri patara moculobis mqone teqsti (erTi 

mecadineobisTvis 1-3 teqsti) an erTi didi nawarmoebi SeirCes, romelsac 

wris wevrebi semestris an mTeli saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi waikiTxaven. 

moswavleTa enobrivi donis gaTvaliswinebiT es ZiriTadad adaptirebuli 

teqstebi unda iyos. adaptirebuli teqstebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi 

46

maswavlebels SeuZlia saintereso teqstis adaptireba TviTon moaxdinos, 

Tumca es Sromatevadi, rTuli da delikaturi saqmea. 

Sinaarsobrivad SerCeuli teqstebi unda Seesabamebodes moswavleTa 

asakobriv Taviseburebebs; teqstebi saintereso da mravalferovani unda 

iyos, raTa ar hqondes adgili motivaciis daqveiTebas. enobrivad wasakiTxi 

masala erTdroulad cocxal da sanimuSo enas unda aswavlides 

moswavleebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstTa umravlesoba saswavlo mizniT 

specialurad Seqmnili an adaptirebulia (nawarmoebi originalSi, kerZod, 

sabavSvo leqsebi iSviaTad Tu aris misawvdomi enis dauflebis am 

safexurze), enis avTenturoba aucileblad unda iyos uzrunvelyofili. 

mxatvruli nawarmoebis SerCevisas gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve maTi 

mxatvruli Rirebuleba da avtoris “wona” msoflio literaturaSi. 

VI-VII klasis moswavleebisTvis sainteresoa xalxuri da literaturuli 

zRaprebi, saTavgadasavlo moTxrobebi, informacia cxovelebze, 

dasavleTeli Tanatolebis, maTi skolaSi swavlis Sesaxeb, VIII-IX klasis 

moswavleebs ufro ainteresebT informacia adamianTa urTierTobebis, 

siyvarulisa da megobrobis, cnobil adaianTa cxovrebis, profesiebis, 

Sesaswavli enis qveynebis istoriisa da geografiis, mecnieruli 

aRmoCenebis, teqnikuri siaxleebis Sesaxeb da a.S.. gogonebsa da biWebs 

xSirad gansxvavebuli masalebi ainteresebT, ise rom, raTa aravisi interesi 

ar daiCagros, zogjer SeiZleba Catardes mxolod gogonebisTvis an 

mxolod biWebisTvis gankuTvnili sxdoma. 

kiTxvis wris mecadineobaze gamoyenebuli davalebebi aseve unda 

icvlebodes moswavleTa asakTan erTad. dawyebiT etapze gansakuTrebiT 

efeqturia TamaSebi, magaliTad, “yuradRebiani mkiTxveli”. teqstis 

wakiTxvis Semdeg maswavlebeli mraval detals arkvevs wakiTxulis 

irgvliv. romeli moTamaSec (gundic) met swor pasuxs gascems, is 

mogebulia. swavlebis dabali etapisTvis sakmarisia kiTxvebze pasuxi, 

Sinaarsis reproduqcia, xolo teqstis gagebis testuri formis Semowmeba 

aucilebelia ufro maRal etapze. am etapze ufro xSirad ismis kiTxva 

“ratom?” tqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema mis analizs uTmobs adgils. 

swavlebis ganmaviTarebeli miznis realizaciisaTvis sasargebloa 

wakiTxul masalebSi motanili informaciis sakuTar gamocdilebasTan, sxva 

nawarmoebebTan Sedareba. rasakvirvelia, kiTxvis wris muSaobaSi didi 

47

adgili eTmoba wakiTxulze dayrdnobiT saubris unar-Cvevebis 

ganviTarebasac. 

kiTxvis wris muSaobisTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT specialuri damxmare 

saxelmZRvaneloebi (samwuxarod, aseTi saxelmZRvaneloebi saqarTveloSi 

praqtikulad ar gamocemula, magram SegviZlia gamoyiyenoT ruseTSi an 

inglissa da amerikaSi gamocemuli e.w. graded readers) an Cven TviTon, 

moswavleTa monawileobiT SevarCioT wasakiTxi masala sxvadasxva 

wyaroebidan. avTentikuri da saintereso masalis Tanamedrove wyaros 

interneti warmoadgens. 

kiTxvis wre ar gamoricxavs wakiTxulis Targmans, magram sulac ar 

niSnavs mxolod mTargmnelobiTi aqtivobiT SezRudvas. sasargebloa 

wakiTxulis irgvliv kiTxvebis dasma da maTze pasuxi, Sinaarsis 

reproduqcia, referireba, testuri formis savarjiSoebis Sesruleba, 

epizodebis inscenireba, sakonferencio moxsenebebis momzadeba, deklamireba, 

zneobriv-aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvnelobis mqone sakiTxebze msjeloba, teqstis 

literaturuli analizi da sxva, moswavleebisTvis saintereso (maT mier 

SerCeuli) aqtivobebi. 

kiTxvis procesi moicavs or komponents: informaciulsa da emociurs. 

gakveTilebze kiTxvis mizans metwilad teqstidan informaciis miReba 

warmoadgens, klasgareSe muSaobisas ki aranaklebi, Tu ara meti yuradReba 

unda mieqces teqstis aRqmis emociur mxares. amisTvis gamoviyenebT 

gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas, audioCanawerebs mxatvruli nawarmoebis 

SesrulebiT cnobili msaxiobebis mier, wakiTxuli teqstebisa da miRebuli 

informaciis emociur Sefasebas. wris is wevrebi, visac xatva exerxebaT da 

exalisebaT, wakiTxulis ilustrirebas axdenen. SeiZleba am mimarTulebiT 

xatvis wresTan TanamSromloba. 

wakiTxul teqstebTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva konkursebi SeiZleba 

gaimarTos: deklamaciis, saukeTeso mokle Sinaarsis daweris, inscenirebis, 

kostumebis, ilustraciis, gagrZelebis dawerisa da a.S. 

mTargmnelobiTi aqtivobisTvis moswavleebs Targmanis Teoriis 

garkveuli elementebi unda mivawodoT (kerZod, is faqti, rom Targmanisas 

sityvis done xSirad dauSvebelia, Sesityvebis da winadadebis done ki 

ufro misaRebia). samwuxarod, aqac qarTulenovan moswavleebze 

orientirebuli gamocemebiT praqtikulad ver visargeblebT, magram, imedia, 

48

es momavlis sakiTxia. jer-jerobiT ki warmatebis misaRwevad aucilebelia 

moswavleebma specialur rveulSi saTanado Canawerebi regularulad 

awarmoon. 

VIII-IX klaselTaTvis ukve SesaZlbelia mTargmnelTa klubSi 

monawileoba. ucxouri enis donis flobis gaTvaliswinebiT, es jer- 

jerobiT werilobiTi wyaros ucxouri enidan mSobliur enaze Targmania. 

wris specializaciis miuxedavad, davalebis formulireba ar unda iyos 

mxolod “TargmneT”. moswavleebma SeiZleba arsebuli Targmanebi 

gaanalizon, oroginals Seadaron, ipovon cnobili inglisuri da qarTuli 

andazebis analogebi, daxelvndnen leqsikonis gamoyenebaSi (magaliTad, 

davaleba: ipoveT mocemuli sityvis mniSvnelobaTa Soris mocemuli 

konteqstis Sesabamisi sityva) da a.S.. 

ucxouri enis swavlebis pirvel-meore wels (“Cveulebrivi” skolis V-VI 

kl.) kiTxvis wris muSaoba SeiZleba gamaxvildes kiTxvis teqnikis 

Camoyalibebaze, Tumca aqac ki sasurvelia patara siuJeturi moTxrobebis 

(metwilad xumrobebisa da zRaprebis) gamoyeneba. ukeTesi gagebisaTvis da 

moswavleTa motivirebisaTvis pirveli wasakiTxi wignebi aucileblad 

lamazad unda iyos ilustrirebuli. Semdgom safexurze kiTxvis wris 

amocanad iqceva, rasakvirvelia, kiTxvis, rogorc komunikaciuri unar-Cvevis, 

ganviTareba-srulyofa. 

wakiTxulis epizodebis inscenireba (sityva-sityviT, Sinaarsis 

gadmocemiT), gmirebis momdevno cxovrebis variantebis SeTavazeba 

saSualebas aZlevs wris wevrebs SemoqmedebiTad miudgnen wakiTxul 

masalas. 

49

2.3. ena da kultura 

ენა კულტურის ფენომენია. ჩვეულებრივ, ენას განსაზღვრავენ, როგორც ნიშნებისა 

და სიმბოლოების სისტემას, რომლის მეშვეობითაც ხორციელდება აზრების აღნიშვნა და 

გადაცემა. ამიტომ ენას განიხილავენ აზროვნების, ობიექტური და სუბიექტური 

მოვლენების გამოხატვის, ადამიანთა შორის კომუნიკაცია-დიალოგის საშუალებად. ენის 

ასეთი გაგება სრულად მისაღებია, თუკი მას განვიხილვთ ობიექტურ-აღწერილობითი 

თვალსაზრისით. 

ენის, როგორც კულტურის ფენომენის საკითხი, ჩვენგან მოითხოვს მის განხილვას 

კულტუროლგიურ ჭრილში. ამ თვალსაზრისით შეიძლება ვამტკიცოთ, ერთის მხრივ ის, 

რომ კულტურა თვითონაა ენა, მეორე მხრივ ის, რომ ენა კულტურაა. 

ენა იმდენად ინტგრირებულია კულტურის სისტემაში, რომ მისი გამოყოფა 

შეიძლება მხოლოდ შემეცნებითი მოსაზრებით, რეალურად კულტურა ენის გარეშე არ 

არსებობს. 

ენისა და კულტურის ურთიერთობისას მთავარია გავარკვიოთ, თუ რა ადგილი 

და დანიშნულება აქვს ენას კულტურულ-შემოქმედებით პროცესში. იგი ამ პროცესში 

ასრულებს მხოლოდ აღნიშვნისა და კომუნიკაციის ფუნქციას, თუ თავადაა 

კულტურულ-შემოქმედებითი პროცესის აქტიური მონაწილე. რასაკვირველია, როცა 

ენისა და კულტურის ურიერთობაზე ვლაპარაკობთ, ჩვენ ვგულისხმობთ ბუნებრივ, ანუ 

ნაციონალურ ენებს და არა ეგრეთწოდებულ ხელოვნურ-მეცნიერულ და ხელოვნების 

ენებს, რომლებიც თუმცა ასრულებენ ნაციონალური ენებისათვის დამახასიათებელ 

ზოგიერთ ფუნქციას და მათაც გარკვეული ადგილი უჭირავთ კულტურის სისტემაში 

(მათ სახელიც კი ბუნებრივი ენის ანალოგიით ეწოდათ!), მიუხედავად ამისა, მათი 

როლი და მნიშვნელობა კულტურისათვის ზოგადად, ერთოდ მოკრძალებულია 

ნაციონალურ ენებთან შედარებით. 

ბუნებრივი ენა არის ეთნიკური ჯგუფის, ან ერის ენა. მისი წარმოქმნა ხდება 

ბუნებრივი გზით, იგი იბადება ეთნოსთან ერთად. ენისა და ეთნოსის ჩამოყალიბება 

ერთდროული პროცესია. ისე არ უნდა წარმოვიდგინოთ, რომ ჯერ ჩნდება ეთნოსი და 

შემდგომ კოლექტიური ცნობიერებით შეთანხმების, კონვენციის მიხედვით ქმნის ენას. 

ენა ისტორიულად თან დაჰყვება ეთნოსს და მომავალ თაობებს გადაეცემა 

მემკვიდრეობით, როგორც მათთვის მშობლიური. ამიტომ ბუნებრივია ენის სიტყვათა 

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მნიშვნელობა არ დგინდება ხელოვნურად - კონვენციის გზით, იგი ბუნებრივად 

ყალიბდება - ამ ენის შემოქმედი ხალხის მიერ სამყაროს მოვლენებისა და საგნების 

აღქმით. 

სამყაროს მრავალფეროვნება ყოველ ენაში თავისებურად გარდატყდება, აისახება 

და ფორმირდება შესაბამისი სიტყვების სახით. ყოველ ეთნოსს სამყაროს, სინამდვილის 

თავისებური, სხვებისგან განსხვავებული ხედვა აქვს და ამიტომაც მათი ენები 

შინაარსობრივად განსხვავდებიან. 

ნაციონალურ ენათა მრავალფეროვნება უშუალოდ ემყარება ადამიანისათვის 

დამახასიათებელ ფუნდამენტურ თვისებას - ნების, არჩევანის თავისებურებას და 

აქედანვე გამომდინარეობს. თუ ადამიანს არ ექნებოდა ეს უნარი, მაშინ მსგავსად 

ცხოველთა პოპულაციებისა, ადამიანთა პოპულაციაც ყველგან და ყოველთვის 

ერთნაირი სასიგნალო „აპარატით“ იქნებოდა აღჭურვილი. სწორედ ამიტომაა, რომ 

ბუნებრივი ენის გაიგივება და მისი გამოცხადება მხოლოდ ნიშანთა სისტემად, ენის 

არასრულყოფილ დახასიათებად წარმოგვიდგება. 

რა თქმა უნდა, ენა ნიშანთა სისტემაცაა, ყოველ შემთხვევაში, მისი ასეთად 

განხილვაც სამართლიანია, მაგრამ ის უფრო მეტია, ვიდრე ნიშანი. ენა უშუალოდაა 

დაკავშირებული მისი შემოქმედი ხალხის მსოფლგანცდასთან, მსოფლმხედველობასთან 

და აზროვნებასთან. ენისა და კულტურის მჭიდრო ურთიერთკავშირის მაჩვენებელია 

ენისა და აზროვნების ურთიერთობა. ზოგადფილოსოფიური თვალსაზრისით 

ცნობილია, რომ არ არსებობს ენა აზროვნების გარეშე. ენამ აზრი უნდა იტვირთოს, 

ზიდოს. თუ საზიდი აზრი არ არის, თუ ენა აზრისაგან დაცლილია, იგი მკვდარია. არც 

აზროვნება არსებობს ენის გარეშე. აზრი, რომელსაც არ აქვს შეძენილი თავისი ენობრივი 

გამოხატულება, გაუფორმებელი აზრია და ამიტომ ვერ ხერხდება მისი მოხელთება. ენა 

მონაწილეობს აზროვნების ყოველ აქტში. ენა და აზროვნება ისევე განუყოფელნი არიან, 

როგორც სიტყვა და ცნება, წინადადება და მსჯელობა. 

სხვა სიტყვებით რომ ვთქვათ, ენის აზრის გარეშე არსებობას ის ადასტურებს, რომ 

იგი მოიცავს ორ მომენტს - გამოსახულებისა და შინაარსს. პირველს მიეკუთვნება 

ფონემები, მეორეს კი - აზრი, რომელიც ენის შემადგენელი და მოუცილებელი 

მომენტია, რადგან ენაში ყალიბდება და მისგან დამოუკიდებლად არ არსებობს. აზრი 

არის ფონემებით დანაწევრებული შინაარსი. ერთიც და მეორც ენის მხარეებია. არც 

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ცალკე აღებული ფონემები და არც ცალკე აღებული შინაარსი არ არის ენა. ის 

გამოსახულების და შინაარსის ერთიანობაა. თუ ენა თავის აუცილებელ მომენტად 

მოიცავს აზრს, მაშინ იგი გარკვეული ცოდნის შემცველია, მისი მატარებელი ხალხის 

მსოფლმხედველობის გამოხატვის ფორმაა, მასში დაფიქსირებულია სინამდვილის, 

ყოფიერების თავდაპირველი სახე, ყოფიერება იმთავითვე სახლობს ენაში. ენა 

ყოფიერების გამოვლენაა. 

ნაციონალური ენები არ არსებობენ იზოლირებულად. ისინი განიცდიან სხვა 

ენათა გავლენას. სესხულობენ უცხო ენის სიტყვებს, რითაც ამდიდრებენ თავიან 

ლექსიკას. კულტურათა შორის ურთიერთობები ნათლადაა ასახული ენაში. 

მაგალითად, ქართულ ენაში არებული ბერძნული, სპარსული, თურქული, არაბული, 

რუსული, ინგლისური და სხვა წარმოშობის სიტყვების არსებობა მიგვანიშნებს ქართულ 

კულტურაზე მათ გავლენას. ამ აზრით, შეგვიძლია ვთქვათ, რომ ენა ინახავს ისტორიას, 

მასში დაფიქსირებულია ამ ენის მატარებელი ხალხის წარსული, მისი ბიოგრაფია. 

ამიტომაც ნაციონალური ენა წარმოადგენს კულტურის უმნიშვნელოვანეს ფენომენს. 

რაკი ვიცით, რომ კულტურის წარმოშობისა და არსებობის სათავე ადამიანის 

აზროვნებაა, იოლია დავასკვნათ, რომ არ არსებობს კულტურა ენის გარეშე. ამასთანავე, 

იმასაც უნდა გაესვას ხაზი, რომ ენა კულტურისათვის გარეგადამწვდომი მომენტია. 

(ჰეგელი). ეს ნიშნავს, რომ ენა კულტურის რომელიმე ნაწილის, ფრაგმენტის 

განსაზღვრულობა კი არაა, არამედ, თუ რაიმე არსებობს კულტურის სახით, იგი 

აუცილებლად ენაშია გაფორმებული, ე.ი. კულტურის საერთო არსებობის წესია, მისი 

პირობაა. მაგრამ ენა კულტურის არა მარტო არსებობის პირობაა, არამედ თვითონაა 

კულტურა. იგი კულტურის საგანია, ვინაიდან განხორციელებული ღირებულებაა და 

თანაც, ერთ-ერთი უმაღლესი ღირებულება, იმდენად განსაცვიფრებლად მაღალი, რომ 

ერის პატრიოტი შვილები, მზად არიან მის დასაცავად თავი გასწირონ. 

ენა კულტურაა იმ ზოგადი პრინციპის გამო, რომ იგი ბუნებით ბოძებული 

მოვლენა კი არ არის, არამედ საკუთარი ყოფიერების გამომუშავების პროცესში, ერის 

ისტორიული მოღვაწეობით შექმნილი ფენომენია. ყოველი ერი, თავისი ისტორიული 

ბედით გაპირობებული, თავისებურად აღიქვამს სამყაროს და მას გამოსახატავად თავის 

განუმეორებელ ენას ქმნის. ამ ენაში ასაგნებს თავის სულს, თავის იდეალებს, თავის 

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ისტორიას. ენა ერის სულიერი საგანძურია, რომელსაც ყველაზე ნაკლებ ავნებს დროის 

დამანგრეველი ფაქტორები. 

პირველი გულუბრყვილო თვალსაზრისი ენისა და აზროვნების 

ურთიერთმიმართების შესახებ, რომლის სათავე ისტორიულ სიღრმეებშია, კულტურის 

მიმართ ენას მიიჩნევს, როგორც გარეგან, ინდეფერენტულ ფორმას, როგორც ნიშანს, 

იარლიყს, რომლის როლი მხოლოდ ისაა, რომ კულტურის საგანი აღნიშნოს და 

გადასცეს, მაგრამ ისე, რომ არავითარი ცვლილება არ შეიტანოს საგნის შინაარსში. ამ 

თვალსაზრისის მიხედვით ენას წინ უსწრებს აზროვნება. როცა აზროვნება დაამთავრებს 

თავის საქმეს და აზრი ჩამოყალიბდება, მხოლოდ ამის შემდეგ დგება ენის ჯერი. 

გამომუშავებულ აზრს ენა (სიტყვა) უნდა მოერგოს, ოღონდ ისე, რომ აზრმა მთლიანად 

დაიმორჩილოს ენა. 

გულუბრყვილო აზროვნებას უპირისპირდება კრიტიკული აზროვნება. ამგვარ 

აზროვნებაზე დაყრდნობით აღნიშნულმა საკითხმა სრულიად განსხვავებული 

გადაწყვეტა მიიღო. ცხადია, არავინ უარყოფს, რომ ენა აზრის აღნიშვნაა (სიმბოლო) და 

გადაცემაა (კომუნიკაცია), მაგრამ ენა (სიტყვა) საქმეში ჩაერთვება არა აზრის 

გამომუშავების შემდეგ, არამედ იგი მონაწილეობს მთლიან აზროვნებით პროცესში და 

თანაც ამ პროცესზე ზეგვლენას ახდენს. ეს თვალსაზრისი მკვეთრად გაოიკვეთა 

ჰერდერისა და ჰუმბოლდტის ნააზრევში. XX საუკუნეში მას უფრო მეტი დინამიკა 

შესძინეს ამერიკელმა ლინგვისტებმა: სეპირმა და უორფმა. 

ჰერდერი გონებამახვილურად შენიშნავს, - შეუძლებელია წარმოვიდგინოთ 

ხალხი, რომელსაც არ ექნება პოეტური ენა, მაგრამ ეყოლებოდა დიდი პოეტები, არ 

ექნებოდა მოქნილი ენა, მაგრამ ეყოლებოდა უდიდესი პროზაიკოსები, არ ექნებოდა 

ზუსტი ენა, მაგრამ ეყოლებოდა დიდი მოაზროვნენი (დ. ქერქაძე, ერი და კულტურა, 

1984წ. გვ. 107). დიდი პოეტების, მოაზროვნეების, პროზაიკოსების ყოლა ნიშნავს დიდი 

პოეზიის, პროზის, მეცნიერების ქონას. ჰერდერის სიტყვები იმაზე მიუთითებს, რომ 

ყოველივე ამას, როგორც კულტურის ფორმებს, ქმნიან არა მარტო პოეტები, მწერლები 

და მეცნირები, არამედ პოეტური, სამწერლო და სამეცნიერო ენები, რაც ენის 

კულტურულ-შემოქმედებით ძალაზე მიუთითებს. 

ჰუმბოლდტს არ აკმაყოფილებს ტრადიციული აზრი აზროვნებისა და ენის 

თანმიმდევრობის შესახებ, - თითქოს ენა უკან მისდევდეს აზროვნებას. პირიქით, მას 

53

მიაჩნია, რომ მოსაზრება ენის გარეშე შეუძლებელია. ამიტომ ენა და აზროვნება 

თანდართულნი არიან და არა დროში თანმიმდევრულნი. ნამდვილად აზროვნება 

მეტყველებაა და მეტყველება აზროვნებაა. ისინი იმდენად განუყოფელნი და იგივურნი 

არიან, რომ ხალხის ენა არის მისი გონება და ხალხის გონი არის მისი ენა. 

ჰუმბოლდტი ენას განიხილავს, როგორც თავისებურ მსოფლმხედველობას. 

მისთვის ყოველი ცალკეული ეროვნული ენა ცალკე მსოფლმხედვაა. ენა მთელ 

სინამდვილეს თავისი ხედვით აშუქებს. ამიტომ ყოველ ენაში სამყარო თავისებურად 

აისახება. 

ჩვენ სინამდვილეს აღვიქვამთ არა ზუსტად ისე, როგორც ობიექტურად არსებობს, 

არამედ ჩვენებურად, სუბიექტურად. ამას მრავალი ფაქტორი განაპირობებს, რომელთა 

შორის ერთ-ერთი მნიშვნელოვანი ენობრივი ფაქტორია. აქედან გამომდინარე, სეპირისა 

და უორფის მიხედვით, სინამდვილეს აღვიქვამთ ასე და არა სხვანაირად იმიტომ, რომ 

ჩვენი ენობრივი მოდელები წინასწარ, არაცნობიერად გვიბიძგებენ ასეთი ხედვისაკენ. 

ამის გამო მათ ხმარებაში შემოაქვთ ლინგვისტური დეტერმინიზმის ცნება, რაც იმაზე 

მიუთითიებს, რომ ენა აქტიურად განსაზღვრავს აზროვნებით პროცესებს. 

ჰერდერის, ჰუმბოლდტის, სეპირის, უორფის იდეები ენისა და კულტურის 

ურთიერთობის შესახებ უდავოდ იმსახურებს ყურადღებას, ვინაიდან ენა ჩაერთვება არა 

მხოლოდ კულტურულ-შემოქმედებით პროცესის ბოლოს, არამედ მთელი ამ პროცესის 

მსვლელობაში და აქტიურად მონაწილეობს მასში. უდავოა, რომ ენა არ არის აზრების 

მხოლოდ აღნიშვნა და გადაცემის ინდიფერენტული საშუალება. ასე რომ ყოფილიყო, 

მაშინ ენათა სიმრავლის არსებობა გაუმართლებელ მოვლენად ჩაითვლებოდა. საქმე ის 

არის, რომ თუ ენა აზრების მხოლოდ აღნიშვნისა და გადაცემის ტექნიკური საშუალებაა, 

მაშინ მრავალი ენიდან შეარჩევდნენ ერთ-ერთ ისეთ ენას, რომელიც ამ ფუნქიცებს 

ყველაზე უკეთ შეასრულებდა. ყველა დანარჩენი ზედმეტად გამოცხადდებოდა. 

მათემატიკური სფეროს აღნიშვნა - სიმბოლიზაცია ხდება მათემატიკური ენით, 

რომელიც ერთია ყველა ხალხისათვის. მაგრამ ასეთი ენა აღარ იქნებოდა ერის 

შვილებისათვის თავგანწირვის მოტივაციის წყარო. პატრიოტი შვილები იცავენ 

საკუთარ ენას, მაგრამ ისინი იცავენ არა აზრის აღნიშვნისა და გადაცემის საშუალებას, 

როგორც ასეთს, არამედ ისინი იცავენ თავის ენას, როგორც საკუთარ სულს, საკუთარ 

ისტორიას, საკუთარ ყოფიერებას, ე.ი. როგორც საკუთარ კულტურას. 

54

მარტინ ჰაიდეგერის სიტყვებით, ენა ადამიანის ყოფიერების სახლია, რომელსაც 

ვერ გაცვლის სხვა სახლზე, სხვა ყოფიერებაზე. ამიტომ ენათა სიმრავლე და 

მრავალფეროვნება სამწუხარო ფაქტი კი არ არის, არამედ კულტურის არსებობის 

საფუძველია. კულტურას კი სწორედ მრავალფეროვნების პირობებში შეუძლია 

არსებობა. კულტურის სტანდარტიზაცია კლავს კულტურას. ყოველი ცალკეული ენა 

ცალკე აღებული კულტურაა. იგი დამოუკიდებელი სამყაროა. ასეთ ენა-სამყაროებზე არ 

შეიძლება ვიმსჯელოთ უკეთესობა-უარესობის ნიშნით ისევე, როგორც არ შეიძლება ამ 

ნიშნით ვიმსჯელოთ ერებზე, კულტურებზე, რადგან ყოველი მათგანი არის 

ორიგინალური, განუმეორებელი კულტურა. 

კასირესის აზრით, უცხო ენის „სულში“ თანდათანობით შეღწევა ისეთ 

შთაბეჭდილებას გვიქმნის, თითქოს ვუახლოვდებით თავისტური გონითი 

სტრუქტურის მქონე ახალ სამყაროს, რაც ჩამოგავს უცხო ქვეყანაში მოგზაურობას (ე. 

კასირერი, რა არის ადამიანი, 1983, გვ. 123). ენაში არსებული სიტყვები, მათი შერთების 

პრინციპები და წესი, რომელსაც იცავს მოლაპარაკე, თავის ანაბეჭდს ტოვებს აზრების 

თავისებურებაზე. იგივე აზრები სხვა ქვეყანაში სხვანაირად გამოითქმება. 

განსხვავებული ერები ერთსა და იმავე აზრს განსხვავებულ დატვირთვას ანიჭებენ. 

სპეციალურ ლიტერატურაში ხშირად მიუთითებენ ერთ ექსპერიმენტზე. ენის 

მკვლევარმა ჰ. ჰიპერმა მიზნად დაისახა დაედგინა ერთი ენიდან მეორე ენაზე ტექსტის 

თარგმნის დროს მიღებული ცვლილებები მთარგმნელის ინდივიდუალური სტილით 

იყო გამოწვეული, თუ თვით ენის ბუნებით. ამ მიზნით მან, ერთის მხრივ, სთხოვა ფრანგ 

მთარგმნელებს რილკეს ლექსების გერმანულიდან ფრანგულად თარგმნა. მეორე მხრივ, 

იმავე თხოვნით მიმართა თვით რილკეს, რომ მას თავისი იგივე ლექსები ფრანგულად 

ეთარგმნა. შედეგად მიიღო, რომ ფრანგი მთარგმნელების ტექსტებში გაბატონებული 

იყო წმინდა ფრანგული ენობრივი კონსტრუქიცები, ხოლო რილკეს თარგმანებში 

შენარჩუნებული იყო გერმანული ენისათვის დამახასიათებელი კონსტრუქციები. 

ესეიგი, როგორც ფრანგი მთარგმნელბის ტექსტებში, ისე რილკეს თარგმანებში 

დომინირებდა მათი მშიბლიური ენები და არა მთარგმნელები. 

ყოველი ენა იმდენად ორიგინალრი და განუმეორებელია, რომ უფრო ენა 

მეტყველებს ადამიანების მეშვეობით, ვიდრე ადამიანები ენის მეშვეობით. 

55

2.4 Sesaswavli enis matarebeli eris (erebis) kulturis Seswavla 

klasgareSe muSaobisas 

ganasxvaveben ori saxis kulturas: materialursa da suliers. 

materialur kulturaSi igulisxmeba teqnika da is materialuri 

Rirebulebani, romelTa erTobliobac civilizacias qmnis. sulier 

kulturas miekuTvneba mecniereba, xelovneba, ganaTleba, tradiciebi, 

urTierTobis normebi, mimikisa da Jestebis kodebi, msoflmxedveloba. 

yvelaferi es realobis aRqmis erovnul specifikas asaxavs. azrovnebisa da 

qcevis Taviseburebebi enaSic vlindeba. ena, Tavis mxriv, 

msoflmxedvelobaze axdens gavlenas. Tanamerdrove enaTmecnierebaSi 

Seiqmna specialuri dargi – eTnofsiqolingvistika, - romelic am 

urTierTobas Seiswavlis. 

zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da, gansakuTrebiT, Targmnis wreebis 

muSaobisas yuradReba unda mieqces e.w. kulturulad- markirebul 

leqsikas, magaliTad: lanCi, alafurSeTi (standing party), barbekiu da a.S. 

marTalia, rac Ria sazogadoebam Camoyalibeba daiwyo saqarTveloSi, bevri 

aseTi cneba Cveni moswavleebisTvis kinodan da popularuli simRebebidan 

cnobili xdeba, magram bevr aseT cnebas mainc specialuri axsna sWirdeba. 

dabali (V-VI) klasis moswavleebis mier enis flobis done jer-jerobiT 

ar iZleva saSualebas, moswavleebma Sesaswavl enaze gaecnon 

saqveyanaTmcodneo literaturas. mSobliur enaze wakiTxuli masalebi, 

marTalia, ar aviTareben Sesaswavli enis unar-Cvevebs, magram zrdian enis 

Seswavlisadmi interess, amitom aseTi muSaobac SeiZleba ucxour enaze 

klasgareSe muSaobas mivakuTvnoT. 

ucxouri enis saklaso da klasgareSe swavlebisas mosasmeni da 

wasakiTxi masalis sagrZnobi nawili exeba Sesaswavli enis qveynebis 

istoriis, geografiis, xelovnebis, tradiciebisa da yoveldRiuri 

cxovrebis sxvadasxva kulturul aspeqts. es moswavleTa bunebriv interess 

akmayofilebs, saSualebas iZleva avTentikur teqstebze muSaobisa da xels 

uwyobs lingvokulturuli informaciis SeTvisebas. goegrafiuli da 

cnobili adamianebis saxelebi, dResaswaulebi, crumorwmuneoba, istoriuli 

faqtebi enis matareblebisaTvis axsnas ar saRiroebs. ucxouri enis 

Seswavlisas ki aseTi kulturuli elementebi ganmartebas moiTxovs. 

56

saTanado codnis arqona kroskulturuli komunikaciisas did problemebs 

iwvevs. 

Sesaswavli enis qveynebis RirsSesaniSnaobebi, muzeumebi, klimati, 

politikuri wyoba, sportsmenebi, kinofestivalebi, gamofenebi da mravali 

sxva sakiTxi SeiZleba iqces zepirmetyvelebis an kiTxvis wris sxdomis 

Temad. 

kiTxvis wris wevrebs SeiZleba garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi 

Sesaswavli enis qveyvis cxovribis erT sferosadmi miZvnili masalebi 

mieces wasakiTxad, Semdeg ki, muSaobis Sesajameblad, Catardes viqtorina, 

magaliTad: vin yvelaze kargad erkveva didi britaneTis / aSS-s istoria, 

geografia, religia, mxatvroba, literatura, cnobili adamianebis 

biografiebSi da a.S. aseTi RonisZiebebisTvis SesaZlo sakiTxebia: 

- ratom eZaxian xolme did britaneTs “nislian albions?” 

- ras eZaxian araoficialurad didi britaneTis / aSS-s droSebs? (pasuxia 

Union Jack da Stars and Stripes.) 

- rodis moxda “TeTri da wiTeli vardebis omi” da ratom hqvia mas ase? 

- didi britaneTis romelma premier-ministrma moipova nobelis premia 

literaturaSi? (uinston CerCilma.) 

- vin aris am leqsis / wignis / tilos avtori? 

- vin dgas didi britaneTis oficialuri (anglikanuri) elesiis saTaveSi? 

- visi foto / portretia es? romeli cnobili RirsSesaniSnaobaa 

warmodgenili suraTze? ra sportul TamaSs xedavT suraTze? 

- ra dResaswauls zeimoben … (saxeldeba TariRi)? 

- romeli wignis gmiria …? 

- romelia evropaSi yvelaze didi taZari? (wminda pavles taZari 

londonSi) da sxv. 

saintereso kiTxvebi ara mxolod maswavlebelma, aramed moswavleebmac 

unda moiZion. yvelaze saintereso SekiTxis avtori SeiZleba dajildovdes. 

didi britaneTis, aSS-s da saerTod inglisurenovani qveynebis kulturas 

SeiZleba mieZRvnas iseTi – mTeli skolis masStabis - RonisZiebebi, 

rogoricaa moswavleTa naxatebis gamofena (sasurvelia, “mxatvari” gverdze 

dadges da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi isaubros imis Sesaxeb, rac gamosaxulia 

mis naxatze), xalxuri da Tanamedrove simRerebisa da cekvebis koncerti da 

sxva. poeziis saRamoze SeiZleba ara mxolod leqsebis deklamireba, aramed 

57

aseve misi avtoris Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba, leqsis Seqmnis istoriis 

moyola. 

inglisurenovani samyarosTvis mniSvnelovani dResaswaulebis aRniSvna, 

erTis mxriv, acnobs mozardeebs inglisisa da amerikis istorias (ratom 

gaxda es dRe aseTi mniSvnelovani) da cxovrebas, aramed uzrunvelyofs 

kidevac esTetur aRzrdasa da ubralod drois sasiamovnod gatarebas. 

magaliTad, wminda valentines dRisadmi miZRvnil saRamos programaSi 

SeiZleba Setanil iqnas Txroba am dResaswaulis aRmocenebis Taobaze, 

romelime gamoCenili adamianebis sasiyvarulo istoriebi, cnobili piesis 

epizodis inscenireba, siyvarulis Temisadmi miZRvnili leqsebisa 

(magaliTad, Seqspiris sonetebis) da simRerebis (magaliTad, “Strangers in the 

night” by Kaempfert, Singleton and Snider, “I just call to say I love you” by Stevie Wonder da 

sxv.) Sesruleba. 

58

2.4. ucxouri enis specialuri miznebiT Seswavla klasgareSe muSaobisas 

klasgareSe muSaobisas saSualeba gveZleva, vaswavloT moswavleebs 

ucxouri ena sxva saswavlo sagnebSi codnis gaRrmavebis mizniTac. 

marTalia, es amocana ZiriTadad dargobriv umaRles saswavleblebSi 

isaxeba, magram klasgareSe, fakultaturi mecadineobisTvisac sasargeblo 

da misawvdomia. aseT wreSi naswavli moswavle studentobisas ufro 

advilad daeufleba dargobriv enas, aRar aRiqvavs mas rogorc rTulsa da 

mosawyens. aseTi wris muSaobis organizebisTvis sasurvelia sagnobrivi da 

ucxouri enis maswavleblebis TanamSromloba. 

v.f. afanasievisa da i.v.zagorecis kvlevebSi [Афанасьев, 1968, Загорец, 1982] 

naCvenebia, rom VII-VIII klasebSi moswavleTa did nawils ukve uCndeba 

profesiuli interesebi. grossu ki [Гроссу, 1975] samarTlianad miuTiTebs, 

rom proforientaciaze mimarTuli klasgareSe muSaoba unda 

iTvaliswinebdes qveynis ganviTarebis mimarTulebebs, sazogadoebriv 

moTxovnebs ucxouri enis mcodne ama Tu im dargis specialistebSi. CvenSi, 

magaliTad, qveyanaTmcodneobis wreSi muSaoba aucileblad unda ara 

mxolod ucxoenovan, aramed qarTul kulturasac eZRvnebodes. am gziT 

patriotul aRzrdasac uzrunvelvyobT, turistuli industriis 

ganviTarebasac SevuwyobT xels. aseve CvenTvis aqtualuri unda iyos 

saerTaSoriso kompaniebis ofisebSi muSaobis, teqnikuri momsaxurebis 

(transporti, milsadenebi), kvebis dawesebulebebisa da sastumroebis sfero, 

radgan ZiriTadad am mimarTulebiT warimarTeba uaxloes momavalSi Cveni 

qveynis teritoriaze masobrivi urTieerToba sxva qveynebis moqalaqeebTan. 

skolebSi (klasebSi), romlebSic iwarmoeba fizika-maTematikis, qimia- 

biologiis, humanitaruli an romelime sxva sagnebis gaZlierebuli 

swavleba, mizanSewonilia zogadi inglisuri enis garda vaswavloT e.w. ESP 

(English for Specific Purposes), romlis mizanicaa profesiul ganaTlebasTan an 

moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebiT inglisuri enis daufleba, saTanado 

terminologiisa da literaturis SeswavliT. “Cveulebriv” 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolaSic, VIII klasidan dawyebuli (roca saTanado 

sagnebisa da ucxouri enis Seswavlis done sakmaod maRalia) moswavleTa 

59

survilis damixedviT SeiZleba organizebul iqnas romelime “dargobrivi 

enis” Seswavlis jgufebi. 

saswavlo masalad aseT jgufebSi nawilobrivad gamodgeba CvenSi da 

ruseTSi SemuSavebuli teqnikuri Targmanis saxelmZRvaneloebi ucxouri 

enis gaZlierebuli swavlebis skolebisaTvis. CvenSi aseTi masala, 

samwuxarod, naklebad aris SemuSavebuli. gamosadegia aseve Sesaswavl 

(rogorc mSobliur) enaze Sedgenili sagnobrivi saxelmZRvaneloebi, presis 

masalebi da samecniero-popularuli Jurnalebi (garkveuli adaptirebis 

Semdeg). ar unda daviviwyoT, rom praqtikuli amocanebidan (profesiul 

dargSi komunikacia) da motivaciis faqtoridan (mecadineobis saintereso 

forma) gamomdinare ar SeiZleba aseTi wris mecadineoba SeizRudos 

mTargmnelobiTi aqtivobiT. problemebis gadaWra, inteleqtualuri 

TamaSebi, viqtorinebi, rolebis gaTamaSeba, iumoristuli moTxrobebi 

cnobil mecnierTa cxovrebidan da mravali sxva saintereso aqtivoba unda 

gamoviyenoT, Tu gvinda, rom dargobrivi enis wris muSaoba efeqturi 

aRmoCndes. 

ganvixiloT, magaliTad, teqsti “Our Solar System”, romelic SeiZleba 

gamoviyenoT VIII-IX klasis moswavleebisTvis. gundi, romelic yvelaze 

swrafad (da, ra Tqma unda, sworad) SeurCevs mis abzacebs saTaurebs, 

mogebulia. 

a - The Universe is expanding; b – The Moon, c - Pluto, d – Our planet 

1. There are nine planets in our solar system. The smallest planet is Pluto. It is also the coldest 

because it is a long way from the sun. The Earth goes round the sun in 365 days (one year), but it 

takes Pluto 248 earth years to do so. 

2. Astronomers know that the Universe is expanding. The stars are moving away from each 

other. They are not sure why this is happening. Our Sun is a star, too. So we are moving with the 

sun. 

3. From space you can see that 75% of the Earth surface is water. There is life on Earth 

because it is neither too hot nor too cold and there is air. Is there life on other planets? Astronomers 

cannot agree on the question. 

4. Our nearest neighbour is the Moon. In the sky, the moon and the sun have the same size, 

because the moon is much nearer. The Moon is very different from the Earth. Gravity on the moon 

is six times weaker than on the Earth. There isn’t any air. During the day it is very hot but at night it 

is very cold. No creatures can live on the Moon. 

60

“eqspertebis” TamaSi-Sejibric SeiZleba Catardes am teqstis gamoyenebiT. 

SeiZleba vTxovoT moswavleevs rac SeiZleba meti kiTxva, romelic sityviT 

“why” iwyeba, dausvan mowinaaRmdege gundis wevrebs. SeiZleba rolebis 

gaTamaSeba Catardes: “kosmonavtebi”, romlebic iyvnen mTvareze da 

plutonze, adareben iqaur pirobebs dedamiwaze arsebul pirobebs da sxv. 

dargobrivi ucxouri enis wris / klubis wevrebs skolis moswavleTa 

saerTaSoriso olimpiadebSi (romlebSic, sxvaTaSoris, qarTvel bavSvebs 

araerTi jildo miuRia) monawileobis SesaZlebloba miecemaT. klubis 

aqtivobis nawils SeiZleba warmoadgendes saTanado specialobiT 

dainteresebul ucxoel moswavleebTan miwer-mowera, eleqtronuli 

konferenciebis warmarTva. 

skolis reformaSi didi yuradReba eTmoba humanuri da humanitaruli 

ganaTlebis sakiTxebs, moswavleTa zogadkulturuli donis amaRlebas. 

amasTan dakavSirebiT izrdeba humanitaruli ciklis sagnebis roli. maTze 

klasgareSe muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT maxvili keTdeba bavSvebisa da 

mozadrebis Semoqmedebaze. meTodistebi gamoyofen literaturul- 

SemoqmedebiTi wris / klubis rols ucxouri enis klasgareSe muSaobaSi. 

aseTi klubi SeiZleba aerTianebdes moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivobas 

mSobliur da ucxour enaze, norC mxatvarTa da musikosTa aqtivobas da a.S. 

saTanado sagnebis maswavlebelTa gaZRoliT. aRniSnuli klubis 

inglisurenovani seqciis amocanaa inglisel, amerikel da sxva 

inglisurenovan mweralTa memkvidreobis Seswavla, maTi biografiebis 

gacnoba, nawarmoebis wakiTxva. aseTi klubis muSaobas aqvs didi 

zogadsaganmanaTleblo, aRmzrdelobiTi da praqtikuli mniSvneloba, 

radgan inglisurenovan literaturas udidesi wvlili aqvs Setanili 

msoflio kulturaSi. rogorc klasikur, ise Tanamedrove literaturaSi 

Cveni moswavleebisTvis bevri aqtualuri zneobrivi problemaa 

wamoyenebuli. saukuneSi, roca swrafad viTardeba urTierTobebi dasavlur 

samyarosTan, aucilebelia misi qcevis normebis gacnoba, mentalitetis 

Taviseburebebis ukeTesi gageba, ris mSvenier saSualebasac literaturuli 

nawarmoebis gacnoba warmoadgens. dasavluri kulturis CvenTvis miuRebeli 

aspeqtebis uaryofiTi gavlenis Tavidan asarideblad saWiroa periodulad 

Catardes debatebi erovnuli da dasavluri RirebulebaTa sistemebis 

problemebze. kiTxvebi “Tqveni azriT, sworad moiqca Tu ara moTxrobis / 

61

filmis gmiri? ratom? Tqven rogor moiqceodiT mis adgilas rom iyoT?” da 

a.S. aucileblad unda daesvas moswavleebs. literaturul-SemoqmedebiTi 

wris muSaobis amocanas aseve Seadgens moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi weris 

unar-Cvevebis formireba-srulyofa. (Tundac mSobliur enaze wakiTxuli) 

mweralTa nawarmoebis mTliani Sinaarsis referireba ucxour enaze, 

fragmentebis Sinaarsis reproduqcia, sakuTari azris gamoTqma 

nawarmoebebSi wamoyenebul problemebze, damoukidebeli msjeloba maT 

mxatvrul Rirsebebze SeiZleba iqces aseT klubSi aqtivobis saxed. aseTi 

wre (klubi) ufrosklaselTaTvis unda iyos gamiznuli (IX klasidan 

dawyebuli). aRniSnuli wris mecadineobaze Zalzed sasurvelia teqnikuri 

saSualebebis, kerZod, videomasalebis gamoyeneba. 

62

2.5. Tanamedrove teqnologiebis adgili klasgareSe muSaobaSi 

teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebis mniSvneloba saerTod ganaTlebis 

sistemaSi da, kerZod, ucxouri enis swavlebisas sagrZnoblad gaizarda 

teqnikisa da, gansakuTrebiT, maRali teqnologiebis swraf ganviTarebasTan 

dakavSirebiT. ucxouri enis swavlebisas teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyeneba 

Seesabameba ara marto TvalsaCinoebis didaqtikur princips, aramed 

aqtivobis, Tanmimdevrobis, sistemurobisa da misawvdomobis principebsac. 

amavdroulad, Tumca proeqtori, magnitofoni, telefoni, radio, 

televizori, audio da videomagnitofoni, kompiuteri da a.S. ucxouri enis 

swavlebis uaRresad efeqturi damxmare teqnikuri saSualebebia, 

dauSvebelia maTze laparaki, rogorc swavlebis meTodze. verc erTi 

maTgani ver Secvlis moswavle-maswavleblis pirispir komunikacias, 

romelic aseTi mniSvnelovania ucxouri enis komunikaciuri 

dauflebisaTvis. amrigad, ucxouri enebis efeqturi swavleba dResdReobiT 

miiRweva mxolod teqnikuri saSualebebis racionaluri kombinirebis gziT 

tradiciul muSaobasTan. amave dros teqnikuri saSualebebi efeqturad 

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT individualuri (damoukidebeli) muSaobisas Sin an 

saskolo laboratoriebSi, Tu saTanado aRWurvilobas aqvs adgili, an 

iseT wreebSi / klubebSi, romelTa wevrebic teqnikuri saSualebebis 

gamoyenebaSi ufro arian dainteresebulni, vidre TviT ucxour enaSi 

rogorc saswavlo disciplinaSi. aseT klubebSi audio-video masalebi 

SeiZleba moamzadon da gamoiyenon TviT moswavleebmac. masobrivi 

RonisZiebebisTvis audio-video gaformebis momzadebac aseTi klubebis 

wevrebs SeiZleba daevalos. 

ucxouri enis rogorc saklaso, ise klasgareSe swavlebaSi teqnikuri 

saSualebebis roli aris: 

_ moswavleTa motivaciis gazrda, 

_ masalis avTentikurobis (utyuarobis) da mravalferovnebis 

uzrunvelyofa, 

_ maswavleblis ganTavisufleba rutinuli samuSaosagan, misi daxmarebis 

uzrunvelyofa. 

63

adgan teqnikuri saSualebebis mecadineobaze Warbi gamoyeneba 

moswavleTa daRlas iwvevs, garda amisa, Cveni skolebi maincdamainc ar 

arian teqnikurad aRWurvilebi, maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba Sin (maswavleblis 

davalebiT da mis da wris sxva wevrebis winaSe Semdgomi angariSiT) an 

klubis (wris) gasvliT sxdomebze (sxva dawesebulebebSi). 

audio da videomasalebTan muSaoba ori tipisaa: 

1) receptuli (aRqmiTi) davalebebis Sesruleba da 

2) produqtuli (ZiriTadad, sasaubro) davalebebi. 

swavlis aqtiuri xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT ar SeiZleba mxolod 

receptuli davalebebiT SevizRudoT. 

audio / videomasalebis gamoyenebisas specialuri davalebebi SeiZleba 

Sesruldes 

a) am masalebis gamoyenebamde, 

b) maTi gamoyenebis procesSi, 

g) mosmenis / daTvalierebis dasrulebisas. 

davalebebi, romlebic teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebamde sruldeba, or 

mizans emsaxureba: 

a) moswavleTa enobrivi Semzadeba, 

b) Tematuri da situaciuri orientacia, prognozirebis (anticipaciis) 

meqanizmis aRZvra da enobrivi ganwyobis Seqmna. 

davalebebi, romlebic teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebis prosesSi 

sruldeba, sakmaod ioli da swrafi Sesasrulebeli unda iyos. es “Cumi” 

savarjiSoebia, romelTa sisworis Semowmebac audio an videofragmentis 

mosmena-daTvalierebis Semdeg xorcieldeba. mosmenis / daTvalierebis 

dasrulebisas gamoiyeneba sametyvelo savarjiSoebi: kiTxva-pasuxi, saubari 

masalis sxvadasxva aspeqtebze. 

ucxouri enis swavlebisas kompiuteris gamoyeneba SesaZleblobas 

miscems moswavleebs: 

- nebismier momentSi miiRon ukukavSiri, 

- damoukideblad imuSaon (maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli tempiT, intensivobiT, 

individualuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT), piradad, wyvilebSi an 

jgufebSi, 

- ufro mdidari resursebiT isargeblon, 

- mimarTon distanciur da anonimur komunikacias, 

64

- swavlis procesSi namdvilad avTentikur enasTan iqonion saqme, saklaso 

oTaxis, ufro metic, sakuTari qveynis sazRvrebs gareT gavidnen da 

ganaxorcielon namdvili komunikacia, 

- saswavlo kursis damTavrebisas damoukideblad gaagrZelon ucxouri 

enis Seswavla da / an praqtikuli gamoyeneba, 

- kompiuteris dRevandel popularobasTan dakavSirebiT misi saswavlo 

miznebiT gamoyeneba bevrad ufro motivirebulia, vidre romelime sxva 

tradiciuli Tu teqnikuri saSualebisa, 

- kompiuteris saSualebiT weriTi komunikacia daexmareba komunikaciis 

problemebis mqone moswavleebs, miaRwion Tavis unarSi darwmunebulobas 

da (enobrivad, fsiqologiurad) moemzadon pirispiri komunikaciisaTvis. 

kompiuterul ucxouri enis Semswavlel programebs Soris, romelTa 

gamoyenebac mizanSewonilia klasgareSe muSaobisas SegviZlia davasaxeloT: 

- DOKI English 1 & 2 – inglisuri enis Semswavleli kursi, kompaniebi 

EAZYSPEAK Ltd da Intense Educational Ltd mier gamoSvebuli, romelic ukve 

gaxda evropaSi erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli kursi. masSi multfilmis 

formiT mimdinareobs yvela asakisTvis gamosadegi didaqtikuri 

TamaSobani; 

- English in Action. All Stars, romelSic Tqven “SexvdebiT” inglisurenovani 

samyaros cnobil pirebs, kursi Seicavs videointerviuebsa da maTze 

dayrdnobil savarjiSoebs; 

- Open Book da Words – programebi, romlebic inglisuri, franguli, 

germanuli, espanuri da zogierTi sxva evropuli enis leqsikis 

dauflebas eZRvneba; 

- Bridge to English – enis Seswavlis dawyebiTi done; programa Seicavs 

leqsikur-gramatikul savarjiSoebsa da sxvadsxva teqstebs martiv 

sasaubro Tematikaze. 

saqarTvelos bazari aseTi produqtebiT maincadamainc mdidari araa, 

magram garkveuli arCevani SedarebiT iafi saganmanaTleblo kompiuteruli 

programebis mainc arsebobs. zogierTi enis Semswavleli ufaso programa 

on-line reJimSi internetze moipoveba, Tumca internetis drois Rirebuleba 

jer-jerobiT ar uwyobs xels mis xSir gamoyenebas. 

internetis saSualebiT CeTis (chat) programebis gamoyenebiT moswavleebs 

SeeZlebaT miwer-moweris an xmovan reJimSi daukavSirdnen TavianT 

65

Tanatolebs mTel msoflioSi. aseve internetze moipoveba mdidari 

informacia Sesaswavli enis qveynebis kulturis Sesaxeb, ara mxolod 

teqstebis saxiT, aramed aseve audiovizualuri masalebis TanxlebiT. 

amisTvis sakmarisia SeitanoT Tqveni eleqtronuli misamarTi garkveuli 

Tematuri masalis dagzavnis erT-erT siaSi, magaliTad: 

http://www.lsoft.com/lists/LIST_Q.html 

skolaSi saTanado teqnikis arqonis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba periodulad 

RonisZiebebi Catardes sxva saswavlebelSi an internet-kafeSi, romelTa 

raodenobac ara mxolod TbilisSi, aramed respublikis sxva qalaqebSic 

dRiTidRe izrdeba. ganaTlebis reforma iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos yvela 

skolaSi kompiuteruli klasebis Seqmnas, amitom ucxouri enis 

maswavleblebi uaxloes momavalSi mzad unda iyvnen kompiuteris 

gamoyenebisaTvis rogorc saklaso, ise klasgareSe muSaobisas. 

66

2.6. testirebis roli klasgareSe muSaobis procesSi 

fsiqologiuri testis idea ekuTvnis inglisel mkvlevars d.ketels (1880 

w.). 1920-30-ian wlebSi testebi dasavlur pedagogikaSi da swavlebis 

meTodikebSi Semodian. inglisuri enis unar-Cvevebis testirebis principebi 

pirvelma Seiswavla da Rrmad daamuSava r.ladom. amis Semdeg dasavleTSi 

maTi bumi iwyeba. CvenSi pedagogiuri testebi, marTalia, 1960-iani wlebidan 

aris cnobili, magram didi gavrceleba maT dRemde ar moupovebiaT. 

testebis Semotana ganaTlebis sistemaSi ori ZiriTadi mizeziT iyo 

ganpirobebuli: 

- Sefasebis sistemis obieqturobis gazrdisa 

- da kontrolze daxarjuli drois Semcirebis saWiroebiT. 

tradiciuli Sefaseba sakmaod subieqturia, rac SemswavlelTa 

ukmayofilebas xSirad iwvevs. obieqturi testi iseTi davalebaa, 

romelsac mxolod erT swori pasuxi gaaCnia, rac Sefasebis 

subieqtuerobas adgils ar utovebs. 

amave dros, rogorc dasavleTSi testirebis xangrZlivma 

gamocdilebam daadastura, enobriv tests seriozuli SezRudvec aqvs: 

- igi ZiriTadad recepruli an reproduqtulia (enobriv unar-CvevebSi 

ki gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania swored produqtuli unar-Cvevebi), 

- igi metad meqanikuri da naklebad komunikaciuria. 

am SezRudvebis gamo bolo xanebSi muSavdeba e.w. open-ended tests, 

romelTac erTze meti swori pasuxi aqvs (Tumca es pasuxebi daaxloebiT 

erTi Sinaarsisa da msgavsi formisaa). marTalia, aseTi testebis Sefaseba 

naklebad obieqturia, samagierod, isini ufro produqtuli da 

komunikaciuria. 2005 wels Catarebul erovnul gamocdaSi orive tipis 

(obieqturi da “Ria”) testuri davalebebi iyo Setanili ori tendenciis 

gasawonasworeblad. 

testur davalebebs Soris SeiZleba gamoviyenoT: 

- ramdenime pasuxTa Soris swori pasuxis arCevani (e.w. multiple choice), 

- “qlouz testi” (yoveli me-7, me-8 da a.S. gamotovebuli sityvis Sevseba 

mosmenisas, SeTavazebuli siidan an respodentis mTliani leqsikuri 

maragidan), mis variacias warmoadgens gamotovebuli sityvebis / 

gramatikuli formebis Sevseba, 

67

- debulebis sisworis dadgena (true – false - no information), 

- sityvebis, winadadebebis, abzacebis Tanmimdevrulad dalageba, 

- suraTisa da mosasmeni / wasakiTxi teqstis Sesatyvisobis dadgena, 

cxrilebis Sedgena mosmenilze an wakiTxulze dayrdnobiT, rukaze 

marSrutis moniSvna, 

- winadadebebis ageba da transformacia modelis mixedviT, 

- Secdomebis povna, 

- ori svetidan sinonimebis / antonimebis dadgena da Sesityvebevis 

Sedgena, sityvebisa da maTi definiciis “Sewyvileba”, winadadebebis 

da maTi nawilebis SeerTeba da a.S. 

movitanT saerTaSorisi gamocdebisTvis mosamzadeblad gamosadeg 

gramatikuli da leqsikuri testebis ramdenime nimuSs (VII-IX kl.): 

Fill in the gaps with one of the suggested variants: 

What a library! You never have …… books I need! 

a) -, b) a, c) an, d) the 

This is …… excellent washing power! The linen is as white as snow. 

a) -, b) a, c) an, d) the 

You know, the news …….. sensational! Sensational, I tell you! What a day. 

a) is, b) are, c) were, d) have been 

Fish and chips ……. three pounds. 

a) cost, b) costs, c) pay for, d) pays for 

Put the right word to the right place: 

great / large: 

A man may be noble though he is poor. No one is a ……… man because h has a ………. 

fortune. 

invention / discovery: 

We speak of the ………… of new planet or island, but of the ……….. of a new machine. 

taught / learnt: 

The master who ……….. me grammar was a clever man. I ……….. more from him than from 

any other teacher. 

dress / put on / wear: 

I don’t know what to …….. tonight. - ………… whatever you like, but ……… warmly 

because it’s cold outside. 

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ogorc ukve aRvniSneT, klasgareSe muSaobisas niSnebi ar iwereba, 

dadebiT Sefasebas, romelic niSnebSi ki ar gamoixateba, aramed sityvier 

SeqebaSi, jildoebisa da sigelebis miniWebaSi, adgili aqvs moswavleTa 

aqtivobis stimulirebas, motivaciis gazrdis mizniT. aqedan gamomdinare, 

klasgareSe muSaobaSi testirebas adgili TiTqosda ar unda hqondes. 

magram Tu gavixsenebT, rom moswavleTa individualuri, damoukidebeli 

muSaobis TviTSefaseba aucilebelia, testi amis saukeTeso saSualebas 

warmoadgens. Tu testebs swori pasuxebi (e.w. keys) SeTavazebuli aqvT, 

isini gamoiyeneba daprogramebul swavlebaSi (qaRaldis an kompiuterul 

versiaSi). testebis gamoyeneba efeqturia, kerZod, enobrivi 

olimpiadebisaTvis da sxvadasxva saxis konkursebisaTvis mosamzadeblad. 

maswavleblis daxmareba mxolod maSin xdeba saWiro, Tu moswavles ar 

esmis, ratomaa romelime pasuxi sworad / arasworad miCneuli. 

wreSi misaReb moswavleTa SerCeva (Tu msurvelebis raodenoba 

aRemateba skolis SesaZleblobebs), maTi saTanado donis jgufebSi 

ganTavseba SeiZleba moxdes saTanado saxis testirebis safuZvelze 

(achievement and placement tests). 

garda amisa, CvenSi ufro da ufro mkvidrdeba codnis Sefasebis 

testuri sistema. erTiani saxelmwifo gamocda ucxour enaSi, romelmac 

2005 wlidan Secvala misaRebi gamocdebi, am formiT tardeba. es ara 

mxolod moswavleebisTvis, aramed Cveni maswavlebelTa didi masebisTvis 

seriozul siaxles warmoadgens. raTa moswavleebma SeZlon warmatebiT 

Caabaron es an romelime saerTaSoriso sertifikatis mosapoveblad 

arsebuli gamocda, saklaso muSaoba, Tundac enis gaZlierebuli 

swavlebis skolebSi, SeiZleba ar aRmoCndes sakmarisi. wreobrivi 

muSaobisas, olimpiadebisTvis momzadebisas testuri formis 

davalebebis gamoyeneba SeaCvevs moswavleebs muSaobis am, CvenTvis axal 

formas. gansakuTrebiT efeqturia testuri davalebebis gamoyeneba 

kiTxvisa da qveyanaTmcodneobis wris muSaobaSi. 

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2.7. klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba 

rogorc aRvniSneT, klasgareSe muSaoba ucxour enaSi nebayoflobiTia 

da uSualod ar ganisazRvreba programiT. amave dros, Tu skolis 

administracia da ucxouri enis maswavlebeli ar gauweven mas 

xelmZRvanelobas da Tu mas gegmieri xasiaTi ar eqneba, igi dabalefeqsuri 

iqneba. 

saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs 

SesaZlo wreebis specializacias da ismens maT SeTavazebebsac. gasagebia, 

rom erT skolaSi maqsimum 1-2 wre Tu Camoyalibdeba enis klasgereSe 

Sesaswavlad. amitom moswavleTa da, SesaZloa, maTi mSoblebis survili 

gadamwyveti unda iyos wreebis profilis gansazRvraSi (gansakuTrebiT, im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tu wris wevroba fasiania). ar aris aucilebeli, yovel wels 

skolaSi erTi da igive wreebi muSaobdnen. wris muSaobis gagrZeleba 

damokidebulia mis warmatebaze da moswavleTa (da maT mSobelTa) 

survilze. 

wris mecadineoba ar aris reglamentirebuli saskolo programiT 

(Tumca, misawvdomobis principis gaTvaliswinebiT, mWidrod dakavSirebulia 

masTan), amdenad igi Semoqmedebis did saSualebas aZlevs rogorc 

maswavlebels, ise moswavleebs. isini TanamSromloben masalebis, Tematikis 

da davalebebis SerCevaSi. 

ucxouri enis wris mecadineoba Tavisi amocanebiT, SinaarsiT, formiTa 

da struqturiT axloa am sagnis gakveTilTan, magram mis dublirebas ar 

warmoadgens. ara aqvs adgili Seswavlili masalis gamokiTxvas, codnis 

Sefasebas niSnebis saSualebiT. radgan wris mecadineoba gakveTilebis 

Semdeg tardeba, misi forma sasiamovno da naklebad damRleli unda iyos, 

moswavleTa da maswavleblis urTuerTobani ki - naklebad oficialuri. 

moZravi TamaSebi da saklaso oTaxSi gadaadgileba wyvilur da jgufur 

muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT ara mxolod dasaSvebi, aramed aucilebelicaa. 

aseTi gadaadgileba relaqsaciis saSualebasac iZleva. 

wreSi gaerTianebis safuZvelia ara imdenad asaki, ramdenadac 

moswavleTa interesebi da enis flobis done. sxvadasxva klasis 

moswavleTa TanamSromloba wris (klubis) aqtivobaSi sasargebloa 

moswavleTa socializaciisaTvis. 

70

wris mecadineobis (klubis Sexvedris) momzadebisas maswavlebeli 

iTvaliswinebs Semdegs: 

1) Sesaswavli Tematikisa da masalis zogadsaganmanaTleblo, 

aRmzrdelobiT, ganmaviTarebel da praqtikul Rirebulebas, mis 

inteleqtualur da emociur mxares, motivirebas; 

2) muSaobis formebisa da saswavlo masalis avTentikurobas, 

misawvdomobas, mravalferovnebas; 

3) Semoqmedebis SesaZleblobas; 

4) dialoguri urTierTobebis Camoyalibebas rogorc maswavleblisa da 

moswavleebs, ise TviT moswavleebs Soris. 

5) moswavleTa asakobriv Taviseburebebs (asakTan klebulobs garTobis 

elementis aucilebloba da matulobs muSaobis SemecnebiTi 

Rirebuleba). aucilebelia ara mxolod daveyrdnoT bavSvebis bunebriv 

cnobismoyvareobas, aramed yvela zoma miviRoT, raTa gavaRvioT igi. 

masobrivi RonisZieebis momzadebisas, asakis miuxedavad, garTobis 

moments meti mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre SemecnebiTs, radgan sxvadasxva 

klasebis moanavleTa enobrivi unar-Cvevebis done da interesebi 

sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba. 

wris mecadineobis organizaciaSi aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT asakis 

Sesabamisi stimulebi, romlebic daaintereseben moswavleebs, raTa 

regularulad daeswon mis sxdomebs. es motivebia, magaliTad, V da VI 

klasSi - sagnis siaxle, masalebis mravalferovneba, muSaobis formebis 

mimzidveloba, VII-IX klasebSi – uaxlesi informacia (ambebi), 

qveyanaTmcodneobiTi da dargobrivi informacia. sxdomisas SeiZleba 

rolebis gaTamaSeba, roca saklaso oTaxi “ofisad”, “TviTmfrinavad”, 

“kafed” da romelime sxva adgilad “gadaiqceva”. 

wris mecadineobis forma yovelTvis Tu ara, xSirad unda 

gansxvavdebodes gakveTilisagan. magaliTad, sportis Temas miZRvnili 

sxdoma, saTanado leqsikis gameorebisa da axsnis Semdeg, SeiZleba Catardes 

sportul darbazSi, bunebis Temas miZRvnili sxdoma ki – skolis ezoSi an 

parkSi. 

iseTi RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa koncertebi, konferenciebi, olimpiadebi, 

konkursebi da a.S. finansirebas aucileblad ar moiTxovs, amdenad 

mSobelTa CerTva maTi gegmis SedgenaSi saWiro ar aris. samagierod, 

71

moswavleTa iniciativa da survilebi aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia am 

RonisZiebebis dagegmvisas. skolis administraciasTan da sxva 

maswavleblebTan koordinireba klasgareSe muSaobis gadegmvisas 

aucilebelia, radgan mas Catarebis adgili unda gamoeyos, garda amisa, 

klasgareSe muSaoba yvela sagnebSi koordinirebuli unda iyos da 

periodulad saganTaSorisi RonisZiebanic unda Catardes (magaliTad, 

viqtorina inglisis istoriis Taobaze). miuxedavad imisa, rom STambeWdavi 

RonisZiebebi maswavleblisa da skolis prestiJisTvis kargia, skolis 

klasgareSe muSaoba ar unda gadaitvirTos da xeli SeuSalos moswavleTa 

mTavar – saswavlo – saqmianobas. 

saintereso RonisZiebebis Catareba miznad isaxavs: 

- moswavleTa interesis stimulirebas sagnisadmi da mis ukeTes Seswavlas, 

- moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi niWis gamovlena-ganviTarebas da saswavlo 

saqmianobis aqtivizacias, 

- damoukidebeli muSaobis, kerZod, damatebiTi literaturis gamoyenebis 

unar-Cvevebis formirebas. 

$$2.1-2.4–Si ganxilulia konkretuli unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebaze an 

ucxouri enis cxovrebis romelime sferoSi praqtikul gamoyenebaze 

orientirebuli klasareSe muSaoba. gvinda aseve SevCerdeT iseTi 

kompleqsuri RonisZiebebis organizebaze, rogoricaa enis olimpiadebi. aq 

vlindeba moswavleTa codna Sesaswavli enis gramatikisa da leqsikis, maTi 

unari isaubron, weron, moisminon, waikiTxon da Targmnon. olimpiadis 

davalebebis nawili SeiZleba iyos moswavleTa codnis Sesamowmebeli 

davalebebi Sesaswavli enis qveynebis kulturis Sesaxebac. olimpiadebi 

tardeba saskolo, raionis, qalaqis, regionaluri da mTeli qveynis 

masStabiT. olimpiadis mogebulebi Rebuloben saCuqrebs da stipendiebs, 

amitom skolaze maRal masStabSi Catarebisas olimpiadebi aucileblad 

finansirebas moiTxovs. skolis yvela moswavle (klasebis mixedviT) 

Rebulobs monawileobas olimpiadaSi, raTa, erTis mxriv, Semowmdes 

skolaSi mocemuli sagnis swavlebis done, meore mxriv ki, SeirCes 

olimpiadis Semdegi safexuris monawileebi. radgan olimpiadis erT-erTi 

amocanaa Semowmdes sagnis swavlebis mdgomareoba, misi sakiTxebi 

SesabamisobaSi unda iyvnen programasTan. es, Tumca, ar gamoricxavs 

garkveul SemoqmedebiT davalebebsac. ucxour enaSi olimpiadis amocanaa 

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gamoavlinos moswavleTa kiTxvis teqnika (tempi, warmoTqmis koreqtuloba) 

da kiTxvisas teqstis Sinaarsis gageba, audirebis unar-Cvevebi (mosmenilis 

gageba), leqsikur-gramatikuli unar-Cvevebis done (testebi gamotovebuli 

adgilis Sevsebaze), saubrisa (kiTxvebze pasuxi, situaciuri dialogis 

ageba, teqstis Sinaarsis reproduqcia, monologuri gamosvla Temaze) da 

weris (piradi werili an mocemul sakiTxze) unar-Cvevebi. 

kidev erT kompleqsur RonisZiebas warmoadgens mxiarulTa da sazrianTa 

klubis Sexvedrebi. sxva eris iumoris gageba zogjer ioli saqme ar aris. 

amave dros iumori eris kulturis mniSvnelovani Semadgenelia. igi 

cxovrebis yaidisa da enis codnas (sityvaTa TamaSs) eyrdnoba. mxiarulTa 

da sarianTa klubi kargi saSualebaa, moswavleebma ucxouri enisa da misi 

matarebeli xalxis kultura ukeT gaicnon. saocari faqtebis, xumrobebisa 

da iumoristuli moTxrobebis mopoveba, maTi inscenireba – yvelaferi es 

TviT moswavleTa amocanaa. gundebi SeiZleba Seejibron erTmaneTs 

romelime sityvis, Sesityvebis, cnobili gamonaTqvamis, kinos, wignisa an 

simReris saxelwodebis pantomimur SesrulebaSi da maT gamocnobaSi. 

maswavlebeli konsultantis rolSi gamodis. JiuriSi rogorc 

maswavleblebi, ise moswavleebic arian. warmatebis Sefasebisas ucxour 

enas garkveuli roli aqvs, magram mTavaria SemoqmedebiTi momenti – 

mopovebuli masalis Sinaarsi, samsaxiobo niWi, mxatvruli gaformeba. 

mxiarulTa da sazrianTa klubis sxdomis Casatareblad kargi TariRia 

pirveli aprili – April Fool’s Day. mis erT-erT davalebad SeiZleba, 

magaliTad, Semdegi qveyanaTmcodneobiTi viqtorina gamoviyenoT: 

Are you an April Fool? 

Read these sentences. Four are true and two are April Fool’s jokes. Which ones are true and 

which ones are April Fool’s jokes? 

1. The Queen of England has two birthdays. 

2. Next year Prince William’s face will be on one of the bank notes. 

3. David Beckham pays € 488 for a haircut. 

4. In London, they are building a new Big Ben clock with a digital watch face. 

5. In Scotland, the national food is sheep’s stomach. 

6. In England, you can buy chocolate chips. 

(Sentences 2 and 4 are April Fool’s jokes.) 

73

omelime cnobili ingliseli (amerikeli) moRvawis iubiles miZRvnil 

saRamoSi SeiZleba ramdenime wris muSaobis Sedegebi gaerTiandes (kiTxvis, 

istoriis, xelovnebisa da a.S.). 

g.m.magomedovi [Магомедов, 2000] samarTlianad miuTiTebs, rom, maRali 

profesiuli donisa da iseTi piraduli Tvisebebis, rogoricaa lideroba, 

organizatoruli niWi, didi erudicia da a.S. garda, klasgareSe muSaobis 

warmatebuli organizebis mizniT sasurvelia maswavleblebma saTanado 

Teoriuli (pedagogiur-fsiqologiuri) codna SeiZinon da praqtikuli 

treningebic gaiaron, radgan klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba rTul, 

kompleqsur saqmianobas warmoadgens. 

74

2.8. daskvna 

1 Tanamedrove pedagogiuri mecnierebis demokratizacia, Semswavlelze 

orientirebuli swavleba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania klasgareSe 

muSaobisTvis, misi naklebad formaluri da metad SemoqmedebiTi xasiaTis 

gamo. moswavleebs unda mieces saSualeba SearCion wreobrivi muSaobisa da 

masobrivi RonisZiebebis Tematika, TviTon gansazRvron muSaobis formebi, 

waiyvanon wris sxdoma, axsnan kidevac saswavlo masala. maswavleblis 

roli klasgareSe muSaobaSi aris saswavlo programasTan kavSiris 

uzrunvelyofa, moswavleTa da administraciis aqtivobebis koordinireba, 

enobrivi konsultaciebis gaweva, moswavleTa motivireba da aqtivizacia. 

2. klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba did moTxovnebs uyenebs ucxouri enis 

maswavlebels: 

- misi metyveleba unda iyos fonetikurad, leqsikurad da gramatikulad 

gamarTuli da spontanuri, 

- mas didi zogadi erudicia unda gaaCndes, 

- igi kargi organizatori unda iyos, 

- mas unda SeeZlos demokratiuli, keTilSobiluri, SemoqmedebiTi 

urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba. 

3. radgan klasgareSe muSaoba ucxour enaSi miznad isaxavs ara mxolod 

gakveTilze miRebuli codnis ganmtkicebas, aramed mis ufro maRal doneze 

ayvanasac, misi msvlelobisas «samuSao ena» ZiriTadad Sesaswavli ena unda 

iyos, rac miscems moswavleebs saSualebas, ucxouri enis praqtikuli 

gamoyenebis gamocdileba SeiZinon. 

4. ucxouenobrivi unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad klasgereSe muSaobisas 

mniSvnelovania mravalferovani da saintereso sasaubro Tematikis, 

mosasmeni da wasakiTxi teqstebis SerCeva moswavleTa asakobrivi 

Taviseburebebis, interesebisa da enobrivi momzadebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

5. gakveTilisgan gansxvavebiT, enobrivi wris wevrebi savarjiSoebs ki 

ar unda asrulebdnen, aramed realur enobriv komunikaciaSi unda iyvnen 

Cabmulni. amdenad, situaciuri dialogebi, rolebis gaTamaSeba, debatebi, 

konkursebi, romlebic sagakveTilo mecadineobisas SedarebiT iSviaTad 

gamoiyeneba, ucxour enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis ZiriTad SemoqmedebiT 

formebs warmoadgenen. 

75

6. wris saxe (enobrivi unar-Cvevebis formireba-srulyofis 

mimarTulebiT, Sesaswavli enis romelime qveyvis / qveynebis istoriis, 

georgafiis, mecnierebis istoriis, tradiciebis, xelovnebis romelime 

sferos Seswavlis, musikaluri, samxatvro da a.S.) yovel saswavlo wels 

unda ganisazRvros xelaxla moswavleTa interesebidan gamomdinare. igive 

exeba masobriv RonisZiebebs (konkursebs, koncertebs, dadgmebsa da a.S.). 

sasurvelia rame originaluri RonisZiebebis Catareba, rogoric aqamde ar 

Catarebula, magaliTad, mxolod gogonebisTvis sasiyvarulo leqsebis 

saRamo, konkursi sityvebis, Sesityvebebis, cnobili gamonaTqvamebis, kinos, 

wignisa an simReris dasaxelebis pantomimur SesrulebaSi da maT 

gamocnobaSi. wreebis muSaobisas yuradReba unda mieqces ara mxolod 

zogadi (sayofacxovrebo), aramed aseve dargobrivi «enis» swavlebas. 

7. ucxour enaSi rogorc saklaso, ise, gansakuTrebiT, klasgareSe 

mecadineobaSi sul ufro didi roli unda mieniWos teqnikuri 

saSualebebis, gansakuTrebiT, kompiuteris gamoyenebas. kompiuteruli 

saswavlo programebi individualuri muSaobis saSualebas iZlevian, xolo 

internetis saSualebiT SeiZleba saintereso masalebis mopoveba da - 

wyvilur an jgufur reJimSi – miwer-mowera, saubari da telekonferenciebi 

ucxoel TanatolebTan. miuxedavad am mimarTulebiT arsebuli teqnikuri da 

finansuri sirTuleebisa, uaxloes momavalSi ucxouri enis yvela 

maswavlebeli mzad unda iyos gauZRves aseT muSaobas. 

8. testuri davalebebi rogorc muSaobis forma ara mxolod saklaso, 

aramed klasgareSe muSaobisasac daexmareba moswavleebs, ukeTesad Caabaron 

erTiani saxelmwifo gamocda. garda amisa, maTi daprogramebuli variantis 

gamoyeneba xels Seuwyobs moswavleTa TviTSefasebis unaris Camoyalibebas. 

9. wreSi gaerTianebis safuZvelia ara imdenad asaki, ramdenadac 

moswavleTa interesebi da enis donis floba. sxvadasxva klasis 

moswavleTa TanamSromloba wris (klubis) aqtivobaSi sasargebloa 

moswavleTa socializaciisaTvis. masobrivi RonisZiebebis momzadebisas, 

asakis miuxedavad, garTobis moments meti mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre 

SemecnebiTs, radgan monawileTa enobrivi done da interesebi sagrZnoblad 

gansxvavdeba. 

10. skolis klasgareSe muSaoba ar unda gadaitvirTos da xeli 

SeuSalos moswavleTa mTavar – saswavlo – saqmianobas. 

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Tavi III sakontrolo eqsperimenti 

3.1. eqsperimentis miznebi da meTodika 

eqsperimentis mizani iyo darwmunebulviyaviT klasgareSe muSaobis 

saWiroebaSi, gagverkvia misi formebi da Sinaarsi, romelic gansakuTrebeli 

popularobiT sargeblobs, da dagvedgina, Tu ramdenad efeqturia 

klasgareSe muSaobis Cvens mier SemuSavebuli meTodika tradiciulTan 

SedarebiT. 

Sesabamisad, pirvel etapze (sakonstatacio eqsperimenti) gamovkiTxeT 

ramdenime skolis (ambrolauris raionis sof. uravisa da lixeTis saSualo 

skola, zemo barRabis afxazeTis # 11 saSualo skola, vaSlijvaris # 2 

saSualo skola, q.foTis afxazeTis # 21 saSualo skola, q. senakis 

afxazeTis # 7 saSualo skola, q.galis afxazeTis # 11 skola, wyneTis # 8 

skola) ucxouri enis administracia, maswavleblebi da moswavleebi ucxour 

enaSi mimdinare klasgareSe muSaobis Taobaze, mis problemebze, moswavleTa 

da maTi mSoblebis poziciaze. am mizniT Semdegi kiTxvebi davusviT maT: 

1. muSaobs Tu ara Tqvens skolaSi ucxouri enis Semswavleli wreebi? 

3. Tu es asea, fasian Tu ufaso safuZvelze xdeba maTi muSaoba? 

4. vin arian wris gaxsnis, misi specializaciis iniciatorebi 

(administracia, maswavlebeli, moswavleebi Tu maTi mSoblebi)? 

5. vin SearCevs xolme sxdomebis Tematikas, Sesaswavl sityvebs, muSaobis 

formebs, vin xsnis axal masalas? 

6. gamoiyeneba Tu ara wris muSaobaSi teqnikuri saSualebebi (daasaxeleT, 

konkretulad romeli)? 

7. iyenebT Tu ara davalebaTa testur formebs? 

8. tardeba Tu ara skolaSi ucxour enaze masobrivi klasgareSe 

RonisZiebebi (konkursebi, koncertebi, saRamoebi da a.S.)? Tu tardeba, 

daasaxeleT konkretulad maTi saxeebi. 

9. (SekiTxva moswavleebs) arian Tu ara isini kmayofilebi klasgareSe 

muSaobiT? (sainteresoa igi? maRal doneze tardeba? namdvilad zris maT 

mier enis dauflebis dones? sakmaod xSirad aqvs mas adgili?) 

kiTxvebze pasuxebis analizi motanilia momdevno paragrafSi. 

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meore etapze (sakontrolo eqsperimenti) SevarCieT gamokiTxul 

skolaTa Soris is, romelSic klasgareSe muSaoba SedarebiT maRal doneze 

aRmoCnda (q. senakis afxazeTis # 7 saSualo skola) dayenebuli da 

movaxdineT iq eqsperimentuli klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba erTi 

saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi (2003/4 s.w.). V-IX klasebis nawili (meore-mesame 

ganayofi) iyo sakontrolo klasebi, sadac klasgareSe muSaoba Zveleburad 

mimdinareobda: mxolod erTi, specializaciis gareSe, inglisuri enis wriT, 

sadac maorganizebeli roli mxolod maswavlebels hqonda da swavlebis 

Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebi da davalebaTa testuri forma ar 

yofila danergili. masobrivi RonisZieba (maswavleblis iniciativiT, mis 

mier SerCeuli TematikiTa da masaliT) Catarda semestrSi erTxel. 

klasebis danarCen nawilSi ki – (pirveli ganayofi) klasgareSe muSaoba 

mimdinareobda Cvens mier SeTavazebuli meTodikiT. es muSaoba aRwerilia 

momdevno paragrafSi. Semdeg SevadareT unar-Cvevebis donis cvlileba 

eqsperimentul da sakontrolo klasebSi da moswavleTa damokidebulebis 

Secvlis dinamika klasgareSe muSaobis mimarT. Sedegebi aseve motanilia 

momdevno paragrafSi. 

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3.2. eqsperimentis msvleloba 

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, gamokiTxva Catarda ambrolauris raionis sof. 

uravisa da lixeTis saSualo skola, zemo barRabis afxazeTis # 11 

saSualo skola, vaSlijvaris # 2 saSualo skola, q.foTis afxazeTis # 21 

saSualo skola, q. senakis afxazeTis # 7 saSualo skola, q.galis 

afxazeTis # 11 skola, da wyneTis # 8 skolaSi. man gviCvena, rom: 

- am skolebis 62 procentSi mimdinareobs garkveuli klasgareSe muSaoba. 

- wreTa 60 procenti fasian safuZvelze muSaobs. 

- wris gaxsnis iniciatori skolaTa 60 %-Si maswavlebelia, 20%-Si – 

administracia da 20 %-Si moswavleebi da maTi mSoblebia. 

- wris specializaciis iniciatori yvlgan maswavlebelia. 

- sxdomebis Tematikas, Sesaswavl sityvebs, muSaobis formebs SemTxvevaTa 

100 %-Si irCevs maswavlebeli, axal masalas yovelTvis xsnis 

maswavlebeli. 

- teqnikur saSualebebs, maTi uqonlobis an teqnikuri mdgomareobis gamo, 

ar iyeneben skolebis 20 %-Si. 

- testur davalebebs iyeneben skolebis 40 %-Si. 

- masobrivi RonisZiebebi skolebis 40 %-Si saerTod ar tardeba, skolebis 

40 %-Si tardeba weliwadSi 1-2jer, 20 %-Si ki – 3-4jer. 

- Catarebul masobriv RonisZiebebs Semdegi forma aqvT: (V-VI klasSi) 

saswavlo wlis damTavrebasTan an romelime dResaswaulTan 

dakavSirebuli zeimi, (VII-IX klasSi) Tematuri saRamo. 

- gamokiTxul moswavleTa 35 %-s miaCnia, rom Catarebuli RoniasZiebebi 

sainteresoa, 25 %-s – rom isini maRal doneze Catarda, 12 %-s - rom es 

muSaoba namdvilad zris maT mier enis dauflebis dones, 12 %-s – rom 

klasgareSe muSaobas sakmaod xSirad aqvs adgili. 

sakontrolo eqsperimentisas q. senakis afxazeTis # 7 saSualo skolis 

eqsperimentul klasebSi erTi wlis (2003/4 s.w.) ganmavlobaSi ufaso 

safuZvelze Sedga Semdegi wreebi: 

- V-VII klasebis moswavleebisTvis – inglisuri enis Seswavla da iumori. 

- VIII-IX klasebis moswavleebisTvis – ena fizika-maTematikisa da teqnikis 

SeswavlaSi. 

79

wris sxdomebi tardeboda TveSi erTxel, xolo romelime RonisZiebis 

momzadebisas – ufro xSirad (2-3 damatebiTi sxdoma). 

iumoris wris sxdomebze moswavleebi kiTxulobdnen xumrobebsa da 

iumoristul moTxrobebs, axdendnen maT inscenirebas, saubrobdnen 

inglisuri iumoris Taviseburebebze, kamaTobdnen maT sayvarel iumoristul 

kinofilmebze, uyurebdnen maT videofragmentebs, eZebdnen internetze 

saintereso informacias. saboloo jamSi maT mier moZiebuli da 

damuSavebuli masala daedo safuZvlad skolis masStabiT Catarebul 

mxiarulTa da sazrianTa klubis sxdomas. 

meore wre muSaobda sami sagnis maswavleblis koordinirebiT (wres 

xelmZRvanelad moswavle gamoeyo). sxdomebs Tanmimdevrulad uZRvebodnen 

misi wevrebi. muSaobis Tematika iyo: cnobili mecnierebis cxovreba, 

gamogonebebi, fizikur-maTematikuri terminologia, mecnierebisa da teqnikis 

roli Tanamedrove samyaroSi. moswavleebi “Discovery” telearxidan 

gakeTebul videoCanawerebs (samecniero-popularul gadacemebs) uyurebdnen 

da maTze msjelobdnen. isini aseve miwer-moweras awarmoebdnen Tavis 

ucxoel TanatolebTan internetis saSualebiT. gvinda avRniSnoT, rom, 

radgan moswavleebi didwilad iRebdnen sakuTar Tavze datvirTvis did 

nawils, ufaso muSaoba maswavleblebisTvis SedarebiT nakleb tvirTs 

warmoadgenda. 

2003/4 saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi (skolis masStabiT) Catarda Semdegi 

RonisZiebebi: mxiarulTa da sazrianTa klubis Sexvedra Temaze "inglisuri 

da amerikuli iumori", naxatebis gamofena Temaze “didi britaneTisa da aSS- 

s RirsSesaniSnaobebi”, internet-kafeSi sami gasvliTi sesia (informaciis 

mopoveba cnobil inglisel da amerikel mecnierebze), koncerti 

(inglisurenovani simRerebisa da leqsebis SesrulebiT), konkursi “vin 

ufro kargad icnobs inglisel da amerikel gamomgoneblebs?” 

RonisZiebaTa Tematika mTlianad moswavleTa mier iyo SerCeuli, masala 

V_VII klasebSi nawilobriv moswavleebma, nawilobriv ki maswavlebelma 

SearCia, VIII-IX klasebSi masala TiTqmis mTlianad moswavleebma SearCies 

(maTi nawili ix. danarTSi). masalebis didi nawilis adaptireba 

maswavlebelma moaxdina. 

sakontrolo klasebSi wreobrivi muSaoba aerTianebda V-VII klasis 

(ZiriTadad leqsebisa da simRerebis Seswavla) da VIII-IX klasis (Tematuri 

80

moxsenebebis momzadeba-wakiTxva, maswavleblis mier SerCeuli teqstebis 

kiTxva-Targmani) moswavleebs, igi iyo “maswavlebelze orientirebuli” 

(yvela gadawyvetilebebs maswavlebeli Rebulobda), misi wevroba iyo 

fasiani, teqnikuri saSualebebi da testuri davalebebi an romelime sxva 

inovaciebi ar gamoiyeneboda. 

V 1 (eqsperimentuli) klasis 30 moswavleTa Soris 12 moswavlem monawileoba 

miiRo wreobriv muSaobaSi, V 2 da V 3 (sakontrolo) klasis 62 moswavleTa 

Soris – 4 moswavlem; 

VI 1 (eqsperimentuli) klasis 28 moswavleTa Soris 10 moswavlem 

monawileoba miiRo wreobriv muSaobaSijgufSi), VI 2 da VI 3 klasis 59 

moswavleebidan – 3 moswavlem; 

VII 1 klasis 29 moswavleTa Soris 8 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 

wreobriv muSaobaSi), VII 2 da VII 3 klasis 62 moswavleebidan – 4 moswavlem; 

VIII 1 klasis 31 moswavleTa Soris 7 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 

wreobriv muSaobaSi, VIII 2 da VIII 3 klasis 61 moswavleebidan – 3 moswavlem; 

IX klasis 29 moswavleTa Soris 6 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 

wreobriv muSaobaSi, IX 2 da IX 3 klasis 59 moswavleebidan – 3 moswavlem. 

sakontrolo jgufebSi wreobriv muSaobaSi monawileoba miiRes cota 

moswavlem, rac ZiriTadad aixsneboda muSaobis fasiani formiT, magram, 

Cveni azriT, mecadineobis formamac Tavisi “wvlili” Seitana moswavleTa 

dabal motivaciaSi. es azri dasturdeba imiTac, rom saskolo masobriv 

RonisZiebebSi monawileoba, romelic, bunebrivia, ufaso iyo, sakontrolo 

klasebSi aseve ufro dabali iyo, vidre eqsperimentulSi. 

V klasebis 92 moswavleTa Soris 20 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 

masobrivi RonisZiebebis msvlelobaSi (4 sakontrolo da 16 - eqsperimentul 

jgufSi), 

VI klasebis 87 moswavleTa Soris 14 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 


jgufSi), 

VII klasebis 81 moswavleTa Soris 14 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 


jgufSi), 

81

VIII klasebis 92 moswavleTa Soris 11 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 


jgufSi), 

IX klasebis 88 moswavleTa Soris 9 moswavlem monawileoba miiRo 


jgufSi). 

82

3.3. miRebuli Sedegebis analizi 

qvemoT motanilia moswavleTa mier miRebul akademiur SefasebaTa 

dinamika. 

cxrili I: sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufebis im moswavleebis 

akademiuri Sefaseba, romelTac uSualo monawileoba ar miuRiaT 

klasgareSe muSaobis arcerT formaSi 

klasi 

saSualo 

niSani 

wina weli I semestri II semestri III semestri 

V - 4,1 4,0 4,0 

VI 4,0 4,0 3,9 3,9 

VII 3,9 3,9 3,8 3,7 

VIII 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,7 

IX 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,5 

cxrili II: sakontrolo jgufebis im moswavleebis akademiuri Sefaseba, 

romlebic monawileobdnen klasgareSe muSaobis romelime formaSi 

klasi 

saSualo 

niSani 


V - 4,2 4,3 4,3 

VI 4,0 4,0 4,1 4,1 

VII 4,0 4,1 4,0 4,0 

VIII 3,8 4,0 4,1 4,0 

IX 3,7 3,9 4,0 4,0 

cxrili III: eqsperimentuli jgufebis im moswavleebis akademiuri Sefaseba, 


83

klasi 

saSualo 

niSani 


V - 4,2 4,3 4,4 

VI 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 

VII 3,9 4,0 4,2 4,4 

VIII 3,8 3,9 4,1 4,3 

IX 3,7 3,8 4,0 4,2 

advili dasanaxia, rom moswavleebis, visac monawileba ar miuRiaT 

klasgareSe muSaobaSi, akademiuro Sefaseba TandaTanobiT ecemoda, roca 

moswavleebi, romlebic klasgareSe muSaobaSi monawilebas Rebulobdnen, 

ukeTesad swavlobdnen, ufro metic, eqsperimentul jgufebSi unar-CvevaTa 

donis (akademiuri Sefasebis) zrda SesamCnevi da stabiluri iyo, xolo 

sakomtrolo klasebSi – naklebi da arc Tu ise stabiluri. 

garda amisa, gamovkiTxeT moswavleebi, Tu ramdenad kmayofilebi iyvnen 

isini masobrivi klasgareSe muSaobis xarisxiT. 

cxrili IV: sakontrolo jgufis im moswavleTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, 


klasi sainte- 

klasgareSe RonisZiebebi: 

resoa 

maRal 

donezea 

sakmaod 

xSirad 

tardeba 

mexmareba 

ucxouri 

enis 

SeswavlaSi 

V 75% 92% 54% 6% 9% 

VI 72% 90% 51% 9% 12% 

VII 69% 85% 48% 6% 9% 

VIII 66% 82% 48% 6% 15% 

IX 66% 82% 51% 3% 6% 

maZlevs sxva 

saintereso 

informacias 

84

cxrili V: eqsperimentuli jgufis im moswavleTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, 


klasi sainte- 

wreobrivi muSaoba da klasgareSe RonisZiebebi: 

resoa 

maRal 

donezea 

sakmaod 

xSirad 

tardeba 

mexmareba 

ucxouri 

enis 

SeswavlaSi 

V 89% 96% 100% 51% 42% 

VI 86% 92% 100% 69% 39% 

VII 81% 87% 100% 66% 30% 

VIII 75% 82% 100% 72% 33% 

IX 72% 78% 100% 69% 36% 

maZlevs sxva 

saintereso 

informacias 

advili dasanaxia, ramdenad maRla afaseben eqsperimentuli klasis 

moswavleebi klasgareSe muSaobas. 

garda amisa, radgan masobrivi RonisZiebebis recepientebis rolSi is 

bavSvebi gamodiodnen, romlebic uSualod ar iyvnen CarTulni maT 

momzadeba-prezentaciaSi, Cven gamovkiTxeT isinic. 

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi motanilia V cxrilSi. aq moswavleebis 

diferencirebas sakontrolo da eqsperimentul jgufebze adgili ara aqvs, 

radgan isini orive jgufis RonisZiebebs eswrebodnen. CvenTvis 

mniSvnelovani iyo klasgareSe RonisZiebebis gazrdili raodenobisadmi da 

maTi xarisxisadmi moswavleTa damokidebulebis garkveva. 

85

cxrili VI: im moswavleTa gamokiTxvis Sedegebi, visac uSualod ar 

miuRiaT klasgareSe muSaobaSi monawileoba (rogorc sakontrolo, ise 

eqsperimentul jgufebSi) 

klasi sainte- 

klasgareSe RonisZiebebi: 

resoa 

maRal 

donezea 

sakmaod 

xSirad 

tardeba 

mexmareba 

ucxouri 

enis 

SeswavlaSi 

V 45% 87% 24% 3% 3% 

VI 54% 90% 21% 6% 6% 

VII 57% 82% 39% 0% 3% 

VIII 60% 78% 36% 3% 3% 

IX 63% 75% 39% 0% 0% 

maZlevs sxva 

saintereso 

informacias 

advili dasanaxia, rom am moswavleebis mier klasgareSe RonisZiebebis 

Sefaseba yvelaze dabalia. 

maSasadame, eqsperimentis Sedegebma dagvarwmuna, rom: 

- klasgareSe muSaoba skolebSi iSviaTi da arasistematuri xasiaTisaa da 

iq, sadac adgili aqvs wreobriv muSaobas, igi fasian safuZvelze 

mimdinareobs, rac miuwvdomelia bevri ojaxisTvis. mxolod im skolebsi, 

sadac ucxouri enis Semswavleli wris gaxsnis iniciativa rogorc 

administraciisa da maswavleblebis, ise mSoblebisa da moswavleebis 

iniciativas eyrdnoboda, wreobrivi muSaoba sakmaod warmatebulad 

mimdinareobs. klasgarese muSaoba praqtikulad mTlianad 

“maswavlebelze orientirebulia”, teqnikuri saSualebebi, testuri 

davalebebi da sxva pedagogiuri inovaciebi ar gamoiyeneba. 

- eqsperimentuli da sakontrolo jgufebis im moswavleebis enobrivi 

unar-Cvevebis done, romlebic klasgareSe muSaobaSi ar monawilebdnen 

(es done asaxulia akademiur SefasebaSi) arc Tu ise maRala da 

TandaTanobiT ecema; sakontrolo da eqsperimentuli jgufebis im 

moswavleTa niSnebi, vinc klasgareSe muSaobaSi monawileobas 

Rebulobdnen, akademiuri Sefaseba ufro maralia; es nebismieri formis 

klasgarese muSaobis efeqturobis dasturia; 

86

- sakontrolo jgufebSi enobrivi unar-Cvevebis donis zrda mcire da 

arastabiluria, xolo eqsperimentul jgufebSi igi stabilurad da 

sagrZnoblad izrdeba. Cveni azriT, es ori mizeziT aixsneba: a) 

adekvaturi meTodikiT Catarebuli klasgageSe muSaoba exmareba swavlis 

motivaciis SenarCunebas; b) efeqturi klasgareSe muSaoba uzrunvelyofs 

gakveTilebze SeZenili enobrivi unar-Cvevebis ganmtkiceba-SenarCunebas. 

- moswavleebi, romlebic uSualod arian Cabmulebi klasgareSe muSaobaSi, 

ufro maRla afaseben mis Sedegianobas. amasac, Cveni azriT, ori mizezi 

aqvs: a) maTTvis es muSaoba sistemuri, da ara fragmentuli xasiaTisaa; b) 

recipientis rolSi masobriv klasgareSe RonisZiebebSi monawileobas 

ufro gasarTobi xasiaTi aqvs, vidre saswavlo an ganmaviTarebeli 

efeqti. 

- eqsperimentuli klasebis moswavleebma, romlebmac monawileoba miiRes 

Cvens meTodikaze agebul klasgareSe muSaobaSi, ufro maRla Seafases 

klasgareSe muSaoba, vidre sakontrolo klasebis moswavleebla, 

romlebmac tradiciul klasgareSe muSaobaSi miiRes monawileba, rac, 

Cveni azriT, aseve adasturebs Cvens mier SeTavazebuli meTodikis 

upiratesobas. 

87

daskvna-rekomendaciebi 

komunikaciuri TamaSebis konstruirebix safuZvlad gamoyenebulia 

scenarebisa da freimebis agebis teqnika, vinaidan scenari da freimi xels 

uwyobs tipiuri situaciebis adeqvatur kognitiur gadamuSavebas, 

uzrunvelyofs teqstis bmulobas, konteqstualur “molodins”, iZleva 

Semdgom movlenaTa prognozirebis saSualebas. komunikaciur-kognitiuri 

pragmatika gvTavazobs im faqtorTa Seswavlis saSualebas, romelTa 

meSveobiTac iqmneba teqstis mTlianobisa da bmulobis gancda. aqedan 

gamomdinare, scenarebisa da freimebis agebis teqnika warmoadgens enis 

SemswavlelTa mier codnis reprezentaciis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas. 

1. ucxour enaSi sagakveTilo da klasgareSe muSaobis organuli kavSiri 

da amave dros mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba arsebobs: 


muSaobas, Tumca rogorc misi enobrivi masala, ise Tematika ufro 

farToa; 



srulyofs arsebul unar-Cvevebs; 

- klasgareSe muSaoba naklebad formalizebulia, magram igic sistemur 

xasiaTs atarebs; 

- Sefasebis sistema klasgareSe muSaobisas waxalisebiT ifargleba; 

- klasgareSe muSaoba, saklaso mecadineobasTan SedarebiT, metad uwyobs 

xels moswavleTa Semoqmedebas, maT socializacias, pirovnebis 

Camoyalibebas; 

- gakveTilisgan gansxvavebiT, enobrivi wris wevrebi savarjiSoebs ki ar 

unda asrulebdnen, aramed realur enobriv komunikaciaSi unda iyvnen 

Cabmulni. amdenad, situaciuri dialogebi, rolebis gaTamaSeba, debatebi, 

konkursebi, romlebic sagakveTolo mecadineobisas SedarebiT iSviaTad 

gamoiyeneba, ucxour enaSi klasgareSe muSaobis ZiriTad SemoqmedebiT 

formebs warmoadgenen; 

- wreSi gaerTianebis safuZvelia ara imdenad asaki, ramdenadac moswavleTa 

interesebi da enis donis floba. sxvadasxva klasis moswavleTa 

88

TanamSromloba wris (klubis) aqtivobaSi sasargebloa moswavleTa 

socializaciisaTvis. masobrivi RonisZiebebis momzadebisas, asakis 

miuxedavad, garTobis moments meti mniSvneloba aqvs, vidre SemecnebiTs, 

radgan monawileTa enobrivi done da interesebi sagrZnoblad 

gansxvavdeba. 

10. ucxour enaze klasgareSe muSaobis yvela motivi unda gamoviyanoT: 

garToba, zogadi cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofileba, Sesaswavli enis qveynis 

Sesaxeb informaciis miReba, sxva saswavlo sagnebSi codnis gaRrmaveba, 

proforientaciis pirveli nabijebi, TanatolebTan araformaluri 

urTierToba, SemoqmedebiTi Zalebis mosinjva da sxv. Tavis rigSi, 

klasgageSe muSaoba ucxour enaSi gazrdis am saganSi saklaso 

mecadineobisadmi interessa da saswavlo procesis efeqturobas. 

3. klasgareSe muSaobis formebi ganisazRvreba Semdegi kriteriumebis 

safuZvelze: muSaobaSi CarTul moswavleTa raodenoba (individualuri – 

jgufuri – masobrivi), Casatarebeli samuSaos sistematuroba, moswavleTa 

Semadgenlobis stabiluroba, adgili, sadac mimdinareobs muSaoba. wris 

saxe (enobrivi unar-Cvevebis faormireba-srulyofis mimarTulebiT, 

Sesaswavli enis romelime qveyvis / qveynebis istoriis, georgafiis, 

mecnierebis istoriis, tradiciebis, xelovnebis romelime sferos 

Seswavlis, musikaluri, samxatvro da a.S.) unda ganisazRvros moswavleTa 

interesebidan gamomdinare yovel saswavlo wels. igive exeba masobriv 

RonisZiebebs (konkursebs, koncertebs, dadgmebsa da a.S.). sasurvelia rame 

originaluri RonisZiebebis Catareba, rogoric aqamde ar Catarebula, 

magaliTad, mxolod gogonebisTvis sasiyvarulo leqsebis saRamo, konkursi 

sityvebis, Sesityvebebis, cnobili gamonaTqvamebis, kinos, wignisa an 

simReris dasaxelebis pantomimur SesrulebaSi da maT gamocnobaSi. 

mozadrTa interesebis specializaciis gaTvaliswinebiT ucxouri enis 

wreebi V-VI klasSi SeiZleba “zogadi” iyos, Semdeg ki aucilebelia maTi 

specializacia enobrivi unar-Cvevebis (zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvis, Targmnis 

wreebi) an sxva saswavlo sagnebaTan kavSiris damyarebis mimarTulebiT. 

89

4. klasgareSe muSaobisas aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT dRevandeli 

cxovrebis moTxovnebi: Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebis, 

gansakuTrebiT, kompiuteris gamoyeneba, testuri davalebebis gamoyeneba, 

momzadeba saerTaSoriso gamocdebisTvis, kompiterze beWdvis unar-Cvevebis 

Camoyalibeba, telefonze pasuxis kultura, sazogadoebrivi dakveTa 

ucxouri enis mflobeli garkveuli profilis muSakebze da a.S. 

Tanamedrove pedagogiuri mecnierebis demokratizaciis, Semswavlelze 

orientirebuli swavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT, klasgareSe muSaoba 

maqsimalurad unda uwrobdes xels TanamSromlobas, erTis mxriv, 

maswavleblisa da moswavleebs Soris, meore mxriv ki – TviT moswavleebs 

Soris. RonisZiebaTa garkveuli nawili TviTmmarTvelobiT unda 

xasiaTdebodes. moswavleebs unda mieces saSualeba SearCion wreobrivi 

muSaobisa da masobrivi RonisZiebebis Tematika, TviTon gansazRvron 

muSaobis formebi, waiyvanon wris sxdoma, axsnan saswavlo masala. 

5. maswavleblis roli klasgareSe muSaobaSi aris saswavlo programasTan 

kavSiris uzrunvelyofa, moswavleTa da administraciis aqtivobebis 

koordinireba, enobrivi konsultaciebis gaweva, moswavleTa motivireba da 

aqtivizacia. amave dros klasgareSe muSaobis organizeba did moTxovnebs 

uyenebs ucxouri enis maswavlebels: 

- misi metyveleba unda iyos fonetikurad, leqsikurad da gramatikulad 

gamarTuli da spontanuri, 

- mas didi zogadi erudicia unda gaaCndes, 

- igi kargi organizatori unda iyos, 

- mas unda SeeZlos demokratiuli, keTilSobiluri, SemoqmedebiTi 

urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba. 

90

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91

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internetresursebi 

http://framenet.isci.berkeley.edu/ 

http://framenet.isci.berkeley.edu/ FrameGrapher 

96

danarTi 

Some humorous materials (for the V-VIIth-graders) 

Big apples 

Little Ann likes apples. She likes to look at them and she likes to eat them. Her mother gives her 

apples every day, But today they don’t have apples at home. Ann wants to have an apple. She says: 

“Mummy, I want an apple. Give me an apple, please.” Her Mother answers: “It’s evening now, my 

girl. Apples sleep in the evening. And you must go and sleep.” Ann says: “Oh, no, Mummy! Only 

little apples sleep, but big apples don’t. Give me a big apple please. ” 

He has not been introduced 

There was a picnic in the wood. People were walking along the paths. A young man saw a spider on 

the back of the young lady walking in front of him. He came up to her and started: “Excuse me, 

Madam, may I …” She interrupted him: “How dare you speak to me. You haven’t been introduced! 

” A few steps further she noticed a spider on her shoulder and began to shout to the young man, 

turning round to him: “Take it off, Oh, do take it off, please!” But the young man answered: “I am 

very sorry, Madam, but I have not been introduced to the spider.” 

These materials can be used to organize thematic parties, clubs’ sessions, competitions, etc. 

Below find some tasks, which can be used to apply these materials. 

1. A vocabulary test, e.g. 

Fill in the gaps from the box: 

sleep, eat, big, gives, look, want 

Big apples 

Little Ann likes apples. She likes to --------------- at them and she likes to ------------- them. Her 

mother ------------- her apples every day, But today they don’t have apples at home. Ann wants to 

have an apple. She says: “Mummy, I ------------- an apple. Give me an apple, please.” Her Mother 

answers: “It’s evening now, my girl. Apples ------------ in the evening. And you must go and sleep.” 

Ann says: “Oh, no, Mummy! Only little apples sleep, but -------------- apples don’t. Give me a big 

apple please. ” 

2. A grammar test, e.g. 

Choose ht ecorrect form of the verb: 

He has not been introduced 

There was a picnic in the wood. People -1- along the paths. A young man saw a spider on the back 

of the young lady walking in front of him. He came up to her and started: “Excuse me, Madam, may 

97

I …” She interrupted him: “How dare you speak to me. You -2-! ” A few steps further she noticed a 

spider on her shoulder and began to shout to the young man, turning round to him: “Take it off, Oh, 

do take it off, please!” But the young man answered: “I am very sorry, Madam, but I have not been 

introduced to the spider.” 

1) a) was walking 

b) were walking 

c) walked 

2) a) weren’r introduced 

b) haven’t been introduced 

c) haven’t introduced 

3. Thematic grouping of the jokes. Proverbs, etc. (To make up this task you choose texts from 

different sections of these materials). 

4. Matching the titles and the texts (texts and titles are given separately, mixed). 

5. Writing a composition (an essay) on a proverb / saying. 

6. Matching the sports (or something else) defined (humorously) and their definitions. 

7. Staging the joke. 

8. Titling the story. 

9. Explanation of a title / of the joke. 

10. Continuing the story and then selecting the best ending. 

Winter is white, 

Springtime is green, 

Summer is golden, 

And autumn is a flame. 

Four lovely seasons 

To make up a year, 

Sing them by color, 

And sing them by name. 

We have a little garden, 

And every summer day 

We dig it well and clean it well 

Some materials for Seasons’ Party (for the V-VIIth graders) 

The Seasons 

Our Garden 

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And pull the weeds away. 

We have a little garden 

And every summer night 

We water all the pretty flowers 

And watch them with delight. 

First come the little snowdrops. 

Before the grass is green, 

The come the yellow crocuses, 

Before the leaf is seen. 

And then a pretty primrose, 

And the lilies fair, 

And oh! The red, red roses 

That bloom so sweetly there. 

Warm September brings us school. 

Days are shorter, nights are cool. 

Fresh October brings much fruit. 

To gather fruit is so good. 

Then November brings us joy, 

Fun for every girl and boy. 

How quickly the snow 

Is falling on the ground. 

It’s falling on the countryside 

And softly on the town. 

And children’s eyes are bright 

With wonder and delight, 

For tiny stars of snow are falling, 

From the sky tonight. 

Tonight, the tiny stars of snow. 

Cold December brings us skating 

For the year we were waiting. 

January brings us snow, 

February snows again, 

And sometimes it brings us rain. 

Autumn Months 

The snow stars 

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This springtime, this springtime, 

Cold winter is past, 

Warm breezes are blowing, 

And May’s here at last. 

The birds are returning, 

Their songs fill the air, 

And meadows are swinging 

With blossoms so fair. 

The springtime 

Some materials for the science circle 

Inventors and Inventions ( for the VIII-IXth-graders) 

Archimedes (287-212 BC) was an outstanding ancient Greek mathematician. Archimedes invented 

the water screw, a device for raising water using an encased screw open at both ends. The screw is 

set at an angle, and as the screw turns, water fills the air pockets and is transported upwards. The 

Archimedes screw is still in use today, Among his many accomplishments was the first description 

of the lever. Levers are one of the basic tools that were probably used in prehistoric times. Many of 

our basic tools use levers, including scissors, pliers and nutcrackers. 

Thermometer was invented by Galileo Galilei in 1593. His thermometer consisted of water in a 

glass bulb, the water moved up and down the bulb as the temperature changed. A sealed 

thermometer was invented in 1641 by the Grand Duke Ferdinand II. He used a glass tube containing 

alcohol, which freezes well below the freezing point of water (-115 0 C). He sealed the tube to 

exclude the influence of air pressure. Mercury was later substituted for alcohol by Daniel Gabriel 

Fahrenheit (1686-1736). 

Some materials for the party dedicated to St.Valentine’s Day 

(for the IXth-graders) 

St.Valentine's day is a nice holiday observed on the 14 th of February. It is a day when all people in 

love - boys and girls, sweethearts and lovers, husbands and wives try to express their affection to 

each other. 

St.Valentine was a bishop, a Christian martyr, who, before he was put to death by the Romans, 

sent a note of friendship to his jailer's blind daughter. 

100

Since the fourteenth century people have been celebrating this day. They usually send Valentines 

(special post-cards) to each other, it is a heart or entwined hearts with some sentimental or 

humorous inscriptions, e.g.: 

"The rose is red, the violets are blue, the honey's sweet and so are you ..." Usually people just use 

the cards which already have such lines on them, but they may compose them themselves or choose 

from "St. Valentine's Sentimental Writer". Some chocolates, cakes and souvenirs having the shape 

of a heart are successfully sold on that day. 

In the 19 th century people still made the Valentines themselves, spending hours at that work, some 

of such masterpieces are kept in museums of art and history. Today most people prefer to buy 

them. It has become easier to express love today, but do more people feel happy? 

Starngers in the night exchanging glances, 

Wondering in the night, what were the chances? 

Strangers in the night 

Weeping, sharing love before the night was through. 

Something in your eyes was so exciting, 

Something in your heart was so inviting . 

Something in my heart told me I must have you. 

Strangers in the night, two lonely people we were, 

Strangers in the night, up to the moment when we said our first “hello”, 

Little did we know. 

Life was just a glance away, a warm embracing dance away… 

Ever since that night we’ve been together, 

Lovers at first sight in love forever, 

It turned out so right for strangers in the night. 

“My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun…” by W.Shakespeare 

My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; 

Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; 

If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; 

If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. 

I have seen roses damask’d, red and white, 

But no such roses see I in her cheeks; 

And in some perfumes is there more delight 

Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks: 

101

I love to hear her speak, yet well I know 

That music hath a far more pleasing sound; 

I grant I never saw a goddess go, 

My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. 

And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare 

As any she belied with false compare. 

V klasi 

Mary’s Doll House 

moswavleebs miecaT teqstis 5 fragmenti da Sesabamisi naxatebi (areuli 

tanmimdevrobiT). moswavleebs suraTebi logikuri tanmimdevrobiT unda 

daelagebinaT da Semdeg maTTvis warwerebi epovnaT. Sedegag miRebuli 

teqsti aseTi iyo: 

1. Is this the house of a great big giant? – No, it isn’t. Is this the house of a wee little elf? – No. it 

isn’t. Then whose house can it be? It’s Mary’s doll house. 

2. All Mary’s dolls and toys live in this house. 

3. She dresses them and she combs them. 

4. She gives them tea with bisquits. 

5. Then she puts them to bed. 

mocemuli davalebis amocanebia: logikuri azrovnebis ganviTareba, 

TanamSromlobis gamocdilebis SeZena (muSaoba 3-4-kacian jgufebSi 

mimdinareobda), dRis wesrigis aRmniSvneli leqsikis ganmpticeba da kiTxvis 

unar-Cvevebis srulyofa. 

VI klasi 

teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli usvams bavSvebs ramdenime kiTxvas: 

- Do you like pets? 

- Do you have pets at home? 

- What pet or pets do you have? 

- What can you do with a pet? 

Kittens and apples 

Mr Brown had a shop in front of his house. It was a little fruit shop. In the shop there were 

many kinds of fruits. Mr Brown had a cat and the cat had five kittens. Mr Brown didn’t know what 

to do with the kittens. 

102

So one day Mr Brown put the kittens onto a basket and put the basket on a bench in the street in 

front of his shop. He put a sheet of paper with the words “Please take one” in the basket. On the 

same bench there was a box of nice red apples for sale. Then Mr Brown went into the room for 

dinner. 

Two schoolboys who were walking along the street came up to the shop, saw the basket with the 

kittens and the paper, put the paper into the box with the apples and ran away. 

When Mr Brown came back an hour later, he saw that the box with the apples was empty, but the 

basket with the kittens was still there. 

maswavlebeli ukiTxavs bavSvebs teqsts, isini Tvals ayoleben mas. 

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dasaSvebia ori wakiTxva. Semdeg maswavlebeli 

aCvenebs bavSvebs naxatebs, moswavleebma ki unda waukiTxon Sesabamisi 

winadadebebi. Semdeg wignebi ixureba da davSvebi (isev suraTebze 

dayrdnobiT) yvebian teqsts. Semdeg ramdenime moswavle pantomimurad 

gaiTamaSebs moTxrobis “gmirebis” rolebs, danarCenebi ki yvebian, Tu ra 

xdeba. 

VII klasi 

teqstis wakiTxvamde maswavlebeli uxsnis (dafaze wers) moswavleebs 

ramdenime axal sityvas: 

intensely – very much 

rescue – help (in danger) 

accordingly – so, here: as she was recommended 

deck – upper board of a ship 

admirer – somebody who admires you (likes you very much) 

devotedly – ready to do anything for her 

plunge – jump or put into the water 

immediately – the same moment 

moswavleebs eZlevaT dro, CumaT waikiTxon moTxroba. Semdeg isini 

Tanmimdevrulad (TiTo moswavle TiTo-TiTo winadadebas) kiTxuloben mas 

xmamaRla. 

A way out of a difficulty 

The great English writer Charles Dickens used to tell an American story of a young lady on board 

a ship. She was intensely loved by five young men. She could not choose whom of them to get 

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married to. She was advised by the captain to jump into the water and to marry the young man who 

comes to her rescue. Accordingly, the next morning, when the young lady was on the deck, and the 

five admirers stood looking devotedly at her, she plunged into the sea. Four admirers jumped 

immediately after her. When they all were back on board, the lady asked the captain: “What am I to 

do with them now? They are so wet?” “Take the dry one” was the captain’s advice. 

maswavlebeli wers dafaze kiTxvebis pirvel sityvas: “Who? How many? 

What? What? When? What? What?” moswavleebma unda gaagrZelon kiTxvebi, Semdeg 

ki upasuxon maT. maT unda Tqvan, moewonaT Tu ara xumroba da misi 

“gmirebi” da ratom. 

VIII klasi 

moTxroba eZleva moswavleebs saxlSi wasakiTxad. erT-erTi moswavle 

gamoiyofa “eqspertad”. misi movaleobaa, daexmaros sxva moswavleebs, Tu 

isini ver gaigeben romelime sityvas an winadadebas. am mizniT mas sWirdeba 

ara mxolod leqsikoni gamoiyenos (amas, albaT, sxva moswavleebic 

gaakeTeben), aramed sxva sacnobaro masalebsac (enciklopedias, bibliis 

sabavSvo gamocemas) da maswavlebels mimarTos. 

Advice of King Solomon to the Young 

To have knowledge you must first reverence for the Lord. Stupid people have no respect for 

wisdom and refuse to learn. 

My child, pay attention to what your father and mother tell you. Their teaching will improve your 

characters as a handsome turban or a necklace improves your appearance. 

My child, when sinners tempt you, don’t give in. Suppose they say: “Come on, let’s find someone 

to kill. Let’s attack some innocent people for the fun of it. They may be alive and well when we find 

them, but they’ll be dead when we are through with them! We’ll find all kinds of riches and fill our 

houses with loot! Come and join us and we’ll share all the riches!” 

My child, don’t go with people like that. Stay away from them. People like that are always setting 

a trap for themselves, a trap in which they will die. Robbery always claims the life of the robber – 

this is what happens to any one who lives by violence. 

“eqsperti” (wris sxdomis wamyvani) exmareba im moswavleebs, romlebmac 

rame ver gaiges teqstSi. Semdeg is sTxovs Tavis megobrebs Seadginon 

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teqstis gegma. gegmaze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis 

ZiriTad azrebs, Semdeg ki msjeloben teqstSi wamoyenebul zneobriv 

problemebze, ixseneben bibliur mcnebebs. 

IX klasi 

moswavleebs miecaT Tema – axali weli did britaneTsa da amarikis 

SeerTebul StatebSi, romelzec maT unda moeZebnaT mokle saintereso 

informaciebi. yvela informacia Semdeg ganTavsda kedlis gazeTSi, xolo 

gamarjvebulad gamocxadda qvemoT motanili teqsti. 

Who decorated the first Christmas tree? 

No one knows for sure how the custom of bringing an evergreen tree indoors and decorating it 

started. What we know is that it started in Germany. One legend says that Martin Luther, who 

introduced a kind of Protestant (Lutheran) church, started the practice. According to the story, he 

noticed the star in the sky as he walked home one Christmas Eve (about the year 1513). He thought 

the star looked as if it were shining on the top of a fir-tree. He cut the tree down, brought it home, 

and decorated it with lighted candles. Decorating Christmas trees became popular in Germany. 

The custom has been spreading all over the world. Prince Albert (the husband of Queen Elizabeth 

I), who came from Germany, brought this tradition to England. Now one can see Christmas trees 

even in countries like Japan that have nothing to do with Christian religion, but whose people like 

the beautiful custom. 

moswavleebi saubrobdnen sxvadasxva saaxalwlo tradiciebze. kedlis 

gazeTis gacnobis Semdeg gaimarTa viqtorina mocemul Temaze. 

monologuri metyvelebis gasaviTareblad moswavleebi mokle 

saintereso moxsenebebs akeTeben, magaliTad: 

April Fool's Day 

The first of April is simply a fun little holiday. Practical jokes are a common practice on that day. 

“Let us be thankful for the fools. But for them the rest of us could not succeed”, - said Mark Twain. 

Every April Fool's Day the ritual is the same. Outrageously false stories issued by a variety of 

sources such as corporations, non-profit organizations, journalists, and politicians appear in the 

media. The challenge for all of us is to sort out the April Foolery from the weird stuff that's actually 

105

true. And every year this gets harder as reality itself becomes more surreal, blurring the line 

between Foolery and Fact. Let me tell you six stories that appeared in the media. Approximately 

half the claims were April Fool's Day jokes. The other half were real news stories. 

For each story, tell me please, if you think it is a TRUE story or APRIL FOOLS. 

Crustless Bread 

For those who just can't stand the taste of crusts, and are too lazy to cut them off themselves, in 

2002 

Sara Lee introduced the ultimate in convenience: crustless bread. Available in stores everywhere! 

PetTax 

The city of Philadelphia, faced with a looming budget shortfall, last year announced a new tax tar- 

geted at pet owners. The owners will be charged a base fee of $10 per pet, and then $1 extra for 

every additional pound the pet weighs over ten pounds. Failure to pay the tax could result in the 

extermination of the pet. 

Prehistoric Penguin Murals 

In 1991 prehistoric murals were discovered on the walls of an underwater cave in eastern France 

revealing that penguins and man once lived side-by-side in that region. Historians, accustomed to 

seeing prehistoric depictions of animals such as bison and deer, were extremely surprised to find the 

penguins. 

The Tooth Telephone 

Engineers recently unveiled the world's first tooth telephone, perfect for those who want to talk 

handsfree while on the go. When implanted into a tooth, the tiny device vibrates to let the user 

know there's a call. Users speak normally, and the tiny microphone picks up their voice. Incoming 

sounds are transferred to the inner ear by means of bone resonance. 

Shark Breeding Experiment 

In 1981 the National Biological Foundation released two thousand radio-tagged sharks (including 

blue sharks, hammerheads, and a few great whites) into selected Michigan lakes in order to study 

the cold-water breeding habits of the sharks. In the press release announcing the experiment, the 

Foundation suggested that local fishermen and swimmers should exercise caution around the 

sharks. 

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Carrots reclassified as a fruit 

In 1979 officials in the European Union confirmed what many have long suspected: that carrots are 

not, in fact, a vegetable, but are actually a variety of fruit. The officials urged that appropriate 

reclassification efforts should begin at once. 

(Pet tax and Shark breeding experiment are April Fools) 

Now talk about the difference between a good natured joke and a hurtful one. 

kiTxvis wris muSaobisaTvis masalis SerCevaSi aqtiur monawilebas 

moswavleebi unda Rebulobdnen. warmovadgenT Cvens eqsperimentSi monawile 

moswavleebis mier moZiebul masalas Temaze “kino”. 

Walt Disney 

In 1920, while living in Kansas City, Missouri, he was lucky and got his first chance to work on 

a motion-picture cartoon. The result was successful and in 1923 he moved on to Hollywood where 

financial success ultimately permitted him to develop his talents and interests. 

One of the leading pioneers of the film industry was neither an actor nor a director. Rather, he 

was a commercial artist who eventually created such popular and familiar cartoon characters as 

Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. The man, of course, was WaIter Disney. 

Disney did not start out as a rich man; but he did have a wealth of ideas, which reflected his 

greatest assets - traits of imagination and creativity. WaIt Disney began his career when he 

succeeded in borrowing three hundred dollars to set up a workshop in the rear of a small garage. 

Working long and hard, he managed to gain a respected reputation as a gifted cartoonist. Beyond 

the realm of show business, Disney also undertook a vast project to construct a combination of a 

wonderland and an amusement park. The result can be witnessed today in Disneyland located in 

California. Disneyland quickly grew to be a popular success. Consequently, another immense 

project, Walt Disney World, was later undertaken in Florida. It is a prominent tourist attraction too. 

Although WaIt Disney died in 1966, his creative genius and active mind still survive through the 

entertainment that he left as his legacy. His cartoons and full feature films forever commemorated 

his name. All in all WaIter Disney got 29 Oscars. 

Soon, he was producing feature-length animated cartoons, movies, and television shows. Some of 

Wait Disney's most popular efforts are regarded as classics today. These include Fantasia and Snow 

White. He also produced nature documentaries and adventure films. In 1932 WaIt Disney got his 

first Oscar for his Mickey Mouse. 

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Keanu Reeves 

Hollywood actor Keanu Reeves has sacrificed $70 million dollars to star in two new Matrix 

movies. Producers warned the $300 million budget for the films would crash if Keanu insisted on a 

Bbx office cut of worldwide ticket sales. Keanu agreed to forfeit his entitlement if it meant saving 

the films from disaster. 

An insider at Warner Bros declared: "The special effects in the new movies are the .most 

expensive of all time in cinema history. There was a real danger the projects would be scrapped 

because of costs until Keanu offered to sign away4 his share of box: office profits. Nobody could 

believe it at first." 

The original Matrix movie cost $65 million in 1999. It won a host of technical showbiz awards, 

including four Oscars. Writers and directors Lary and Andy Wachowski told the 38year-old star the 

only way to build on their first Matrix blockbuster was to go bigger and better, particularly in the 

special effects department. They wanted to make them so "advanced and outrageous" that it would 

be impossible for anyone else in Hollywood to duplicate them. 

The two sequels "The Matrix Reloaded", which was on in May, and "The Matrix Revolutions", 

due out in November 2003, contain the most sophisticated forms of animation and computer- 

graphics known to man. 

Paying tribute to the special effects technicians, Keanu said: "They are the real stars of these 

movies. Without their expertise, these films would not be possible." 

It's not the first time Keanu has trimmed his own pay cheque to make a movie. It's important to 

him that his movies are as good as they can be and money is no substitute for that. 

It's claimed the two new Matrix movies are "above and beyond anything ever seen by any 

cinema audience." 

The film insider said: "We've developed a new science of virtual cinematography. It's beyond 

incredible. It makes the trickery used in "Harry Potter" look tame." 

kiTxvis wris wevrebs SeiZleba garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi 

Sesaswavli enis qveyvis cxovribis erT sferosadmi miZvnili masalebi 

mieces wasakiTxad, Semdeg ki, muSaobis Sesajameblad, Catardes viqtorina, 

magaliTad: vin yvelaze kargad erkveva didi britaneTis / aSS-s istoria, 

geografia, religia, mxatvroba, literatura, cnobili adamianebis 

biografiebSi da a.S. aseTi RonisZiebebisTvis SesaZlo sakiTxebia: 

- ratom eZaxian xolme did britaneTs “nislian albions?” 

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- ras eZaxian araoficialurad didi britaneTis / aSS-s droSebs? (pasuxia 

Union Jack da Stars and Stripes.) 

- rodis moxda “TeTri da wiTeli vardebis omi” da ratom hqvia mas ase? 

- didi britaneTis romelma premier-ministrma moipova nobelis premia 

literaturaSi? (uinston CerCilma.) 

- vin aris am leqsis / wignis / tilos avtori? 

- vin dgas didi britaneTis oficialuri (anglikanuri) elesiis saTaveSi? 

- visi foto / portretia es? romeli cnobili RirsSesaniSnaobaa 

warmodgenili suraTze? ra sportul TamaSs xedavT suraTze? 

- ra dResaswauls zeimoben … (saxeldeba TariRi)? 

- romeli wignis gmiria …? 

- romelia evropaSi yvelaze didi taZari? (wminda pavles taZari 

londonSi) da sxv. 

V klasi 

Carols 

Carols are English songs that are performed at Christmas holidays. Many of them are sung even in 

church. The famous “Jingle bells” is a carol: 

Dashing through the snow 

In a one-horse open sleigh 

O’er the hills we go, 

Laughing all the way. 

Bells on bobtail ring, 

Making spirits bright 

What fun it is to ride and sing 

A sleighing song tonight. 

Jingle bells, jingle bells 

Jingle all the way, 

Oh, what fun it is to ride 

In a one-horse open sleigh. 

VI klasi 

Birthday Parties 

Birthday parties started hundreds of years ago in Europe. People believed that both good and evil 

fairies gathered around the person having a birthday. To keep harm away, people would bring the 

person birthday gifts. And they would spend the day celebrating. 

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Match the sights and the descriptions: 

VII klasi 

a) Tower Bridge 1) wax figures of famous people are on show there 

b) London Bridge 2) it is a clock tower on the Houses of Parliament 

c) Lake Ness 3) it is the oldest bridge in London 

d) Stone Hendge 4) a monster is believed to live there 

e) Madam Tussaud’s museum 5) it was sold and now “lives” in America 

f) Big Ben 6) a group of rocks, placed in a special way, probably 

a ritual place or an ancient calendar 

VIII klasi 

Some New Words and expressions in English 

A tabloid is a small newspaper with lots of illustrations. Tree-huggers are people who protect 

trees, especially the ones growing in large cities. Street musicians are also called “waits” in Britain. 

A “wallflower” is a girl at a party who has no dancing partner. A “whizz kid” is somebody smart 

and ambitious who is making a very fast career. A “wimp” is a disrespectful way to say the person 

is too young. 

IX klasi 

A potluck party 

Have you ever been at a potluck party? Most probably you have, even if you didn’t know the name. 

It’s a party in Britain or in the US to which friends or colleagues come and bring everything with 

them, even paper plates and plastic knives and forks, which they carry away after having used them. 

The host’s responsibility is only to provide the territory and possibly the drinks. 

movitanT saerTaSorisi gamocdebisTvis mosamzadeblad gamosadeg 

gramatikuli da leqsikuri testebis ramdenime nimuSs (VII-IX kl.): 

Fill in the gaps with one of the suggested variants: 

What a library! You never have …… books I need! 

b) -, b) a, c) an, d) the 

This is …… excellent washing power! The linen is as white as snow. 

d) -, b) a, c) an, d) the 

You know, the news …….. sensational! Sensational, I tell you! What a day. 

d) is, b) are, c) were, d) have been 

Fish and chips ……. three pounds. 

a) cost, b) costs, c) pay for, d) pays for 

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Put the right word to the right place: 

great / large: 

A man may be noble though he is poor. No one is a ……… man because h has a ………. 

fortune. 

invention / discovery: 

We speak of the ………… of new planet or island, but of the ……….. of a new machine. 

taught / learnt: 

The master who ……….. me grammar was a clever man. I ……….. more from him than from 

any other teacher. 

dress / put on / wear: 

I don’t know what to …….. tonight. - ………… whatever you like, but ……… warmly 

because it’s cold outside. 

A little girl asked her mother for ten cents 

A little girl asked her mother for ten cents to give to an old lady in the park. Her mother was 

touched by the child's kindness. "There you are, my dear, but, tell me, isn't the lady able to work 

any more?" 

"Oh yes," came the reply. "She sells sweets!" 

Children’s talk 

When your Mom is mad at your dad, don't let her brush your hair. 

You can't trust dogs to watch your food. 

Reading what people write on desks can teach you a lot. 

The best place to be when you are sad is in Grandma's lap. 

Daytime Television 

A newspaper reporter was writing a feature story about prison life and was interviewing one of the 

prisoners. "Do you watch much television here?" 

"Only the daytime shows," the inmate said. "At night we're locked in our cells and don't see any 

television." 

"That's too bad," the reporter said, "But I do think it is nice that the warden lets you watch it in the 

111

daytime." 

"What do you mean, nice?" the inmate said. "That's part of the punishment." 

Physics 

A college physics professor was explaining a particularly complicated concept to his class when a 

pre-medical student interrupted him. 

"Why do we have to learn this stuff?" one young man blurted out. 

"To save lives," the professor responded before continuing the lecture. 

A few minutes later the student spoke up again. "So how does physics save lives?" 

The professor stared at the student for a long time without saying a word. Finally the professor 

continued. 

"Physics saves lives," he said, "because it keeps certain people out of medical school." 

Clever Professor 

The rules at a particular university were such that if the professor were not present in the classroom 

by 15 minutes past the hour, the class was considered a "walk" and the students were free to leave - 

with no penalties for missing a class. 

The rooms were equipped with the type wall clocks that "jumped" ahead each minute, in a very 

noticeable fashion. As it were, these clocks were also not of the most sophisticated construction. 

Some enterprising student discovered that if one were to hit the clock with chalkboard erasers, it 

would cause the clock to "jump" ahead 1 minute. 

It became almost daily practice for these students to take target practice at the clock (as it would 

have it, this particular professor was not the most punctual, and the students considered him 

severely "absent-minded"). A few well aimed erasers, and lo, 15 minutes were passed, and class 

dismissed itself. 

112

Well, when the day for the next exam rolled around, the professor strolled into the room, passed out 

the exams, and told them "You have 1 hour to complete". 

The professor then proceeded to collect the erasers from around the room, gleefully taking aim at 

the clock. When he had successfully "jumped" the clock forward 1 hour, he closed the class and 

collected the exam papers. 

Life does teach some lessons the hard way. 

Money for College 

A kid called up his mom from his college and asked her for some money, because he ran out of it. 

Mom said, "'Sure, sweetie. I'll send you some money. You also left your calculus book here when 

you visited 2 weeks ago. Do you want me to send that up too?" 

"Uh, oh yeah, OK," responded the kid. 

So Mom wrapped the book along with the checks up in a package, kissed Dad goodbye, and went to 

the post office to mail the money and the book. 

When she gets back, Dad asked, "Well how much did you give the boy this time?" 

Mom said, "Oh, I wrote 2 checks, one for $20, and the other for $1000'" 

"That's $1020!!!" yelled Dad, "Are you crazy???" 

"Don't worry hon," Mom said, as she kissed Dad on the on top of his bald head, "I taped the $20 

check to the cover of his book, but I put the $1000 one somewhere between the pages in Chapter 

19!" 

A Dollar per Point 

A professor was giving a big test one day to his students. He handed out all of the tests and went 

back to his desk to wait. 

Once the test was over the students all handed the tests back in. The professor noticed that one of 

the students had attached a $100 bill to his test with a note saying "A dollar per point." 

The next class the professor handed the graded tests back out. This student got back his test, his test 

grade, and $64 change. 

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If I had $5,000,000 

The teacher asked his pupils to write an essay, saying what they would do if they had five million 

dollars. Every pupil except little Sammy began writing immediately. Sammy sat idle, twiddling his 

fingers and watching the flies on the ceiling. 

The teacher collected the papers, and Sammy handed in a blank sheet. 

“How is this?” asked the teacher. “Is this your essay? Every other pupil has written two or more 

pages, while you have written nothung!” 

“Well,” replied Sammy, “that’s what I would do if I were a millionnaire!” 

To be or not to be 

“I say, Dad,” said a schoolboy, returning home. “we gave a wonderful performance at school. A lot 

of parents came and also some of them had seen it before they had a jolly good time.” 

“How do you know?” asked his father. 

“Why, they laughed all through the play,” the boy replied. 

“And what was the play?” 

“Hamlet”, answered the boy. 

Four Languages 

A Swiss guy visiting Sydney, Australia, pulls up at a bus stop where two locals are waiting. 

"Entschuldigung, koennen Sie Deutsch sprechen?" he asks. 

The two Aussies just stare at him. 

"Excusez-moi, parlez vous Francais?" he tries. 

The two continue to stare. 

"Parlare Italiano?" 

No response. 

"Hablan ustedes Espanol?" 

114

Still nothing. 

The Swiss guy drives off, extremely disgusted. The first Aussie turns to the second and says, 

"Y'know, maybe we should learn a foreign language." 

"Why?" says the other. "That guy knew four languages, and it didn't do him any good." 

A friend of mine is an officer in the naval reserve. 

Why is it that we have to speak English 

A few weeks ago, He was attending a conference that included admirals in both the US and the 

French navies. 

At a cocktail reception, my friend found himself in a small group that included an admiral from 

each of the two navies. 

The French admiral started complaining that whereas Europeans learned many languages, 

Americans only learned English. 

He then asked. "Why is it that we have to speak English in these conferences rather than you having 

to speak French?" 

Without even hesitating, the American admiral replied. 

"Maybe it is because we arranged it so that you did not have to learn to speak German." 

The group became silent. 

Foreign Language 

A mother mouse and a baby mouse are walking along, when all of a sudden, a cat attacks them. 

The mother mouse goes, "BARK!" and the cat runs away. 

"See?" says the mother mouse to her baby. "Now do you see why it's important to learn a foreign 

language?" 

1) Cats do what they want. 

WHAT IS A CAT? 

115

2) They rarely listen to you. 

3) They're totally unpredictable. 

4) They whine when they are not happy. 

5) When you want to play, they want to be alone. 

6) When you want to be alone, they want to play. 

7) They expect you to cater to their every whim. 

8) They're moody. 

9) They leave hair everywhere. 

10) They drive you nuts and cost an arm and a leg. 

Conclusion: They're tiny little women in cheap fur coats. 

WHY DOGS CAN'T USE COMPUTERS 

-He's distracted by cats chasing his mouse. 

-SIT and STAY were hard enough; CUT and PASTE are out of the 

question. 

** BATHROOMS: 

-Three words: carpal paw syndrome. 

-Involuntary tail wagging is a dead give-away that he's 

browsing www.purina.com intead of working. 

-He can't stick his head out of Windows 98. 

BASIC RULES FOR CATS 

BASIC RULES FOR CATS WHO HAVE A HOUSE TO RUN 

Always accompany guests to the bathroom. It is not necessary to do anything -- just sit and stare. 

** HAMPERING: 

a) For knitting projects or paperwork, lie on the work in the most appropriate manner so as to 

obscure as much of the work or at least the most important part. Pretend to doze, but every so often 

reach out and slap the pencil or knitting needles. The worker may try to distract you; ignore it. 

Remember, the aim is to hamper work. Embroidery and needlepoint projects make great hammocks 

in spite of what the humans may tell you. 

b) When a human is holding the newspaper in front of him/her, be sure to jump on the back of the 

paper. They love to jump. 

116

** BEDTIME: 

Always sleep on the human at night so s/he cannot move around. 

** PLAY: 

This is an important part of your life. Get enough sleep in the daytime so you are fresh for your 

nocturnal games. Below are listed several favorite cat games that you can play. It is important 

though to maintain one's Dignity at all times. If you should have an accident during play, such as 

falling off a chair, immediately wash a part of your body as if to say "I MEANT to do that!" It fools 

those humans every time. 

** TOYS: 

Any small item is a potential toy. If a human tries to confiscate it, this means that it is a Good Toy. 

Run with it under the bed. Look suitably outraged when the human grabs you and takes it away. 

Always watch where it is put so you can steal it later. Two reliable sources of toys are dresser tops 

and wastebaskets. There are several types of cat toys. 

** FOOD: 

In order to get the energy to sleep, play, and hamper, a cat must eat. Eating, however, is only half 

the fun. The other half is getting the food. Cats have two ways to obtain food: convincing a human 

you are starving to death and must be fed *NOW*; and hunting for it oneself. 

The following are guidelines for getting fed. 

a) When the humans are eating, make sure you leave the tip of your tail in their dishes when they 

are not looking. 

b) Never eat food from your own bowl if you can steal some from the table. 

c) Never drink from your own water bowl if a human's glass is full enough to drink from. 

** SLEEPING: 

As mentioned above, in order to have enough energy for playing, a cat must get plenty of sleep. It is 

generally not difficult to find a comfortable place to curl up. Any place a human likes to sit is good, 

especially if it contrasts with your fur color. If it's in a sunbeam or near a heating duct or radiator, so 

much the better. Of course, good places also exist outdoors, but have the disadvantages of being 

seasonal and dependent on current and previous weather conditions such as rain. Open windows are 

a good compromise. 

** SCRATCHING POSTS: 

It is advised that cats use any scratching post the humans may provide. They are very protective of 

117

what they think is their property and will object strongly if they catch you sharpening your claws on 

it. Being sneaky and doing it when they aren't around won't help, as they are very observant. If you 

are an outdoor kitty, trees are good. Sharpening your claws on a human is a definite no-no! 

** HUMANS: 

Humans have three primary functions: to feed us, to play with and give attention to us, and to clean 

the litter box. It is important to maintain one's Dignity when around humans so that they will not 

forget who is the master of the house. Humans need to know basic rules. They can be taught if you 

start early and are consistent. You will then have a smooth-running household. 

What is football? 

- It has been described as a game with twenty-two players, two linesmen and 

20,000 referees. 

- A game consisting of 22 skilled players, one impartial referee, two eagle-eyed referee's assistants and one 

stupid ball. 

Offside: The Bermuda Triangle area of the pitch where "innocent" players are drawn towards. 

Scoring: When 11 men spontaneously start dancing and kissing, regardless of any injuries, whilst 11 others 

droop like wallflowers. 

What’s the score? 

A chap who spent most of Sunday in front of his television watching one football gameafter another 

finally fell asleep there and spent the night in his chair. When his wife arose in the morning, she 

was afraid that he would be late for work. “Get up, dear,” she said. “It’s twenty to seven.” 

In an instant, the man was fully awake. “In whose favour?” he asked. 

New Year's Dinner 

As in many homes on New Year's Day, my wife and I faced the annual conflict of which was more 

important - the football games on television, or the dinner itself. To keep peace, I ate dinner with 

the rest of the family, and even lingered for some pleasant after-dinner conversation before retiring 

to the family room to turn on the game. 

Several minutes later, my wife came downstairs and graciously even bought a cold drink for me. 

She smiled, kissed me on the cheek and asked what the score was. I told her it was the end of the 

third quarter and that the score was still nothing to nothing. 

"See?" she said, continuing to smile, "You didn't miss a thing." 

118

A visit to a doctor 

An attractive young girl, chaperoned by an ugly old crone, entered the doctor's office. "We have 

come for an examination" said the young girl. 

"Alright," said the doctor. "Go behind that curtain and take your clothes off." 

"No, not me" said the girl. "it's my old aunt here." 

"Very well," said the doctor. "Madam, please stick out your tongue." 

Only in America 

1. Only in America......can a pizza get to your house faster than an ambulance. 

2. Only in America......do people order double cheese burgers, large fries, and a diet coke. 

3. Only in America.....do we use the word 'politics' to describe the process so well: 'Poli' in Latin 

meaning 'many' and 'tics' meaning 'bloodsucking creatures'. 

4. Only in America......can a homeless combat veteran live in a cardboard box and a draft dodger 

live in the White House. (This was popular when Clinton was in office) 

What! No E-mail? 

An unemployed man goes to apply for a job with Microsoft as a janitor. The manager there arranges 

for him to take an aptitude test (Section: Floors, sweeping and cleaning). 

After the test, the manager says, "You will be employed at minimum wage, $5.25 an hour. Let me 

have your e-mail address, so that I can send you a form to complete and tell you where to report for 

work on your first day. Taken aback, the man protests that he has neither a computer nor an e-mail 

address. To this the MS manager replies, "Well, then, that means that you virtually don't exist and 

can therefore hardly expect to be employed." 

Stunned, the man leaves. Not knowing where to turn and having only $10 in his wallet, he decides 

to buy a 25 lb. flat of tomatoes at the supermarket. Within less than 2 hours, he sells all the 

tomatoes individually at 100% profit. 

Repeating the process several times more that day, he ends up with almost $100 before going to 

sleep that night. 

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And thus it dawns on him that he could quite easily make a living selling tomatoes. Getting up early 

every day and going to bed late, he multiplies his profits quickly. After a short time he acquires a 

cart to 

transport several dozen boxes of tomatoes, only to have to trade it in again so that he can buy a 

pick-up truck to support his expanding business. 

By the end of the second year, he is the owner of a fleet of pick-up trucks and manages a staff of a 

hundred former unemployed people, all selling tomatoes. Planning for the future of his wife and 

children, he decides to buy some life insurance. Consulting with an insurance 

adviser, he picks an insurance plan. At the end of the telephone conversation, the adviser asks him 

for his e-mail address in order to send the final documents electronically. 

When the man replies that he has no e-mail, the adviser is stunned, "What, you don't have e-mail? 

How on earth have you managed to amass such wealth without the Internet, e-mail and e- 

commerce? Just imagine where you would be now, if you had been connected to the internet from 

the very start!" After a moment of thought, the tomato millionaire 

replied, "Why, of course! I would be a floor cleaner at Microsoft!" 

Moral of this story: 

1. The Internet, e-mail and e-commerce do not need to rule your life. 

2. If you don't have e-mail, but work hard, you can still become a millionaire. 

3. Seeing that you got this story via e-mail, you're probably closer to becoming a janitor than you 

are to becoming a millionaire. 

4. If you do have a computer and e-mail, you have already been taken to the cleaners by Microsoft. 

Why computers should be considered masculine: 

Computer Gender 

1. They are supposed to help you solve your problems, but half the time they ARE the problem. 

2. As soon as you commit to one, you realize that, if you had waited a little longer, you could have 

had a better model. 

Why computers should be feminine: 

1. No one but their creator understands their internal logic. 

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2. The native language they use to communicate with other computers is incomprehensible to 

everyone else. 

3. Even your smallest mistakes are stored in long-term memory for later retrieval. 

4. As soon as you make a commitment to one, you find yourself spending half your paycheck on 

accessories for it. 

An application was for employment 

A program was a TV show 

A cursor used profanity 

A keyboard was a piano! 

Memory was something that you lost with age 

A CD was a bank account 

And if you had a 3 1/2 inch floppy 

You hoped nobody found out! 

Compress was something you did to garbage 

Not something you did to a file 

And if you unzipped anything in public 

You'd be in jail for awhile! 

Log on was adding wood to a fire 

Hard drive was a long trip on the road 

A mouse pad was where a mouse lived 

And a backup happened to your commode! 

Cut - you did with a pocket knife 

Paste you did with glue 

A web was a spider's home 

And a virus was the flu! 

I guess I'll stick to my pad and paper 

And the memory in my head 

I hear nobody's been killed in a computer crash 

But when it happens they wish they were dead! 

Life Before the Computer 

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John was furious when his steak arrived too rare. 

Well Done 

"Waiter," he shouted, "Didn't you hear me say 'well done'?" 

"I can't thank you enough, sir," replied the waiter. "I hardly ever 

get a compliment." 

Salad Humor 

Customer: Waiter, waiter! There's a maggot in my salad. 

Waiter: Don't worry, he won't live long in that stuff. 

Customer: Waiter, waiter! There's a fly in my soup!" 

Waiter: "Don't worry sir, the spider in your salad will eat it" 

Why did the tomato blush? 

Because it saw the salad dressing. 

Why did the boy close the refrigerator door? 

He didn't want to see the salad dressing! 

What kind of lettuce did they serve on The Titanic? 

Iceberg! 

Customer: Waiter, what is bug doing in my salad ? 

Waiter: Trying to find it's way out sir ! 

Customer: Waiter, waiter! There's a caterpillar on my salad. 

Waiter: Don't worry sir, there is no extra charge. 

A good wife 

Husband (angrily): What! No supper ready?! This is the limit! I’m going to a restaurant! 

Wife: Wait just five minutes! 

Husband: Will it be ready then? 

Wife: No, but then I’ll go with you. 

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“Nice” hotels 

A traveler, at arriving at a railway station, asked a local man: “Well, my friend, as this is my first 

visit to my town, could you tell me how many hotels you have here?” 

Local man: “We have two”. 

Traveller: “Which of the two would you recommend?” 

Local man: (scratching his head): “Well, frankly speaking, it’s like this, sir: whicheverone you go 

to, you’ll be sorry you didn’t go to the other.” 

Funny / Interesting Quotes and Proverbs 

Let us be thankful for fools. But for them the rest of us could not succeed. 

- Mark Twain 

The only true love is love at first sight; second sight dispels it. 

- Israel Zangwill 

The best way to make children good is to make them happy. 

Oscar Wilde 

Music is the universal language of the world. 

Henry Longfellow 

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 

Thomas Alva Edison 

Genius without education is like silver in the mine. 

Benjamin Franklin 

I am always ready to learn, but I do not always like being taught. 

Winston Churchill 

Hope is a good breakfast but a bad supper. 

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No news is good news. 

All’s well that ends well. 

Suit the action to the word and the word to the action. 

Promise little, but do much. 

Haste makes waste. 

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First name: Natela Surname: Dogonadze

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