Agriculture & Irrigation - Vaishali
Agriculture & Irrigation - Vaishali
Agriculture & Irrigation - Vaishali
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
fo"k;& lwph<br />
v ?;k; fo"k; i`"B la[;k<br />
2 fo"k; okj leL;kv ksa d k izd kj<br />
3 iz[k.M d s v uqlkj leL;kv ksa d k izd kj
fo"k; okj v ko';d rkv ksa d k izd kj<br />
vkoí;drk,° la[;k<br />
_.k dh vko';drk 57<br />
d`f"k ;a=kks dh O;oLFkk 14<br />
dksYM LVksjst 22<br />
erL; ikyu 1<br />
feV~Vh tk°p dsUnz 10<br />
flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk 89<br />
Hkwfe fodkl 2<br />
izf'k{k.k dsUnz dh vko';drk 56<br />
mRiknu lg fcÿh dsUnz 2<br />
Qly
iz[k.M dk uke<br />
_.k dh<br />
vko';drk<br />
d`f"k ;a=kks<br />
dh<br />
O;oLFkk<br />
izz[k.M okj vkoí;drkvksa dk la[;k<br />
dksYM<br />
LVksjst<br />
erL;<br />
ikyu<br />
feV~Vh<br />
tk°p<br />
dsUnz<br />
flapkbZ dh<br />
O;oLFkk<br />
Hkwfe<br />
fodkl<br />
izf'k{k.k<br />
dsUnz dh<br />
vko';drk<br />
mRiknu<br />
lg fcÿh<br />
dsUnz<br />
nqX/<br />
mRiknu<br />
dsUnz dk<br />
fuekZ.k<br />
Qly<br />
_.k dh vko';drk<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
egukj efgUnokjk [ kn cht d k nqd ku iapk;r Hkou d s fud V [ kn cht d k nqd ku<br />
egukj pejgjk [ kn cht d s nqd ku d h O;oLFk pejgjk LVS'ku d s fud V [ kn cht nqd ku d h O;oLFk<br />
egukj pejgjk [ kn cht d s nqd ku d h O;oLFk pejgjk LVS'ku d s fud V [ kn cht nqd ku d h O;oLFk<br />
Hkxokuiqj 'kEHkqiqj d kSjh mUur [ kn cht ,o d hVuk'kd d h O;oLFk iqjs iapk;r esa<br />
Hkxokuiqj lgFk mUur uLy [ kn cht d hVuk'kd nok d h O;oLFk d juk Hqkrqgk oj d s fud V<br />
Hkxokuiqj izrkiVk¡M+ iwohZ d `f"k o flapkbZ%& mUur [ kn cht miyC/ d jk;h tk;s LVsV cksfjax V;wccsy uyd wi d h O;oLFk izrkiVk¡M+ d SyhV¡kM<br />
Hkxokuiqj izrkiVk¡M+ if'peh d `f"k o flapkbZ%& mUur [ kn cht miyC/ d jk;h tk;s flapkbZ gsrq LVsV cksfjax] uyd wi bR;kfn izrkiVk.M if'peh<br />
Hkxokuiqj gajcliqj cUBq mUur [ kn cht miyC/ gksA 1 ls 14<br />
Hkxokuiqj 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk mUur [ kn cht miyC/ gks 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk<br />
iVs
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
tUnkgk Mhg cqpkSyh [ kn cht d h O;oLFk xzke gqykSj Mhg cqpkSyh<br />
d UgkSyh fo".kqiqj [ kn cht d h O;oLFk xzke d UgkSyh fo'kuilh] [krjhpd ]ekuiqjk]<br />
xkSjksy<br />
psgjkd yk<br />
d Vj ekyk le;≤ ij [ kn d h O;oLFk xzke jkeiqj oDrkSj egeniqj nfj;k] osyoj<br />
d Vjekyk] bZLykeiqj] pd pSueB]<br />
xkSjksy<br />
lgnqYykiqj<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k mUur [ kn] cht d h O;oLFk<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k lgd kjh [ kn lfefr d h O;oLFk<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks mUur fd Le d s cht ,oa [ kn d h O;oLFk xzke%& lksU/ks jÙkh ,oa lksU/ks nqYg<br />
ykyxat ikSM+k enu flag mUur [ kn cht d h O;oLFk iapk;r esa<br />
ykyxat lkgnqYykgiqj [ kn ,oa cht laj{k.k d k d k;Z jlwyiqj<br />
ykyxat vuojiqj mUur [ kn cht d h O;oLFk iapk;r Lrj ij<br />
jktkikd j cSd q.Biqj fd lkuks d ks vuqnku ij ½ .k eqgS;k d jk;k tk,A cSd q.Biqj<br />
egukj cgknqjiqj fcluiqj d `f"k ,oa flapkbZ & [ kn cht nqd ku iapk;r Lrj ij mfpr LFku ij<br />
gkthiqj n;kyiqj mUUr [ kn cht d h O;oLFk 170 ifjokj d s fy,<br />
gkthiqj fo'kuiqj olar mUur cht ,oa [ k| d h vkiwfrZ<br />
gkthiqj lqyrkuiqj d `f"k ,oa flpkbZ %& moZjd [ kn cht d h t:jr<br />
gkthiqj fnX/hd yk if'peh d `f"k o falapkbZ moZjd [ kn cht d h t:jr<br />
ikrsiqj jk?ksiqj ujlaMk mUur fd Le d s [ kn fct d h O;oLFk<br />
ikrsiqj lSniqj Mqejk mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk lHkh okMZ ls 5&5<br />
ikrsiqj eaMbZMhg mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s fd lkuks d ks lHkh okMZ ls<br />
ikrsiqj frlvkSrk /eZiqj mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk xzke iapk;r d s lHkh okMZ ls fd lkuksa d ks<br />
ikrsiqj [ ksvktiqj cLrh izekf.kr [ kn cht d h O;oLFk xzke iapk;r d s lHkh fpfUgr fd lkuksa d ks<br />
ikrsiqj egFkh /eZpUn mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk xzke iapk;r d s lHkh d `"kd ksa d ks<br />
ikrsiqj [ksljkgh mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s vUrZxr<br />
ikrsiqj ekSng prqj mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s vUrxZr<br />
ikrsiqj e:bZ mUur [ kn ,oa cht d h miyC/rk<br />
ikrsiqj cgqvkjk moZjd ,oa [ kn d h miyC/rk
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
xzke vckcd jiqj d ksvkgh ] ikrsiqj fo'kquiqj<br />
ikrsiqj vckcd jiqj Dokgh mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk<br />
d ksvkgh d s d `"kd ks d ks<br />
xzke fuyks:d Uniqj izk.kiqj ,oa fi.MkSrk<br />
ikrsiqj fuyks:d qUniqj d `f"k o flapkbZ mUur fd Le d s [ kn cht d h O;oLFk<br />
[kwnZ esa<br />
cfyxk¡o<br />
d `"kd ksa d ks lle; izekf.kr cht miyC/<br />
ikrsiqj<br />
izekf.kr cht d h vko';d rk<br />
fd ;k tkuk vko'k;d gSA<br />
jk/ksiqj iQrsgiqj mUur fd Le d h cht d h O;oLFk lkeqnk;h Hkou ij<br />
jk/ksiqj pd flaxkj cjkjh xzke iapk;r jkt pd flaxkj d s vUrxZr fd lkuksa d ks muUr cht ,oa [ kn d h leqfpr ek=k esa vkiwfrZ d h tk, iapk;r jkt pd flaxkj<br />
jk/ksiqj tqM+kouiqj d jkjh mUur cht d h miyC/rk okMZ 1 & 19 rd<br />
psgjkd yk 'kgiqj [kqnZ mUur fd Le d s cht d h O;oLFk iaú d s lHkh xkze esa<br />
d Vj ekyk mUur fd Le d s cht d h O;oLFk xzke jkeiqj oDrkSj egeniqj nfj;k] osyoj<br />
d Vjekyk] bZLykeiqj] pd pSueB]<br />
xkSjksy<br />
d `f"k ;a=kks d h O;oLFkk<br />
lgnqYykiqj<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
Hkxokuiqj 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk d e nj ij d `"kh mid j.k ,oa ;=k miyC/ gks 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk<br />
ikrsiqj ekyiqj d `f"k ;a=k d h lqfo/k (VªSDVj) okMZ&13]12]11]1]10<br />
ikrsiqj cgqvkjk [ksrh tksrus d s fy, VSªDVj okMZ 1]11<br />
ikrsiqj fuyks:d qUniqj d `f"k ;a=ks d h O;oLFk<br />
xzke fuyks:d Uniqj izk.kiqj ,oa fi.MkSrk [kqnZ<br />
es<br />
psgjkd yk psgjkd yk d `f"k ;a=kas d s nqd ku d h O;oLFk<br />
xzke vlniqj eSHkjk] cFkuk egksnr] eqLriQiqj]<br />
psgjkd yk<br />
psgjkd yk vf[r;kjiqj lsgku d `f"k ;a=ksak d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku vf[r;kjiqj lsgku] piSB<br />
psgjkd yk eFkuk fefyd d `f"k ;a=ksa d k vHko<br />
xzke eFkuk eky] eFkuk fefyd ,oa csxe<br />
iV~Vh<br />
psgjkd yk ealqjiqj gyS;k d `f"k ;a=ksa d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku1- ealqjiqj gyS;k] 2- pd guhiQ nqYyg] 3- d foyiqjk] 4- iQrgiqj pd lqyseku<br />
tUnkgk ihjkiqj d `f"k ;a=ks d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku iapk;r Lrj ij
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
tUnkgk gjizlkn d `f"k ;a=ks d h O;oLFk pd glu] ek/ksiqj] iksgkj] ebMs txnh'kiqj] [kM+xiqj] gjizlkn] pd feYd h<br />
tUnkgk gtjr tUnkgk d `f"k ;a=ks d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku xzke tUnkgk] pd ulhj] >Eeuxat] pd fnoku<br />
tUnkgk Mhg cqpkSyh d `f"k ;a=ks d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku xzke gqykSj Mhg cqpkSyh<br />
xkSjksy d UgkSyh fo".kqiqj d `f"k ;a=ksa d h O;oLFk gsrq nqd ku xzke d UgkSyh fo'kuilh] [krjhpd ]ekuiqjk] psgjkd yk<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k d `f"k ;a=ksa d h O;oLFk iapk;r Lrj ij<br />
d ksYM LVksjst<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
egukj pejgjk d `f"k ,oa flapkbZ [ k| HkaMkj.k d sUnz d k fuekZ.k iapk;r Hkou d s fud V<br />
egukj pejgjk [ k| HkaMkj.k d sUnz d k fuekZ.k iapk;r Hkou d s fud V<br />
Hkxokuiqj gqlSuk [kqnZ d ksYM LVksjst d h O;oLFk] okMz 12<br />
jktkikd j jkeiqj jRukd j fd lkuksa d s mRiknu d ks ns[krs gq, ,d xksnke iDd k d k fuekZ.k<br />
nsljh nsljh fd lkuksa d s vukt laxzg d sUnz d h LFkiuk d h vko';d rk<br />
iapk;r esa tgkWa rd vkokxeu lgh ls igq¡p<br />
tk,<br />
psgjkd yk psgjkd yk vukt HkaMkj.k d sUnz d k fuekZ.k<br />
xzke vlniqj eSHkjk] cFkuk egksnr] eqLriQiqj]<br />
psgjkd yk<br />
psgjkd yk 'kgiqj [kqnZ vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k iapk;r Lrj ij<br />
psgjkd yk NkSjkgh vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k xzke NkSjkgh rky lsgku jlwyiqj] nkmn<br />
psgjkd yk fc'qkuiqj vM+jk vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k<br />
xzke fo'kquiqj v Jjk] gjiqj Hkjjk] ljki<br />
viQty fg0& d Vgkjk] 'ks[kiqjk<br />
psgjkd yk jlqyiqj iQrg vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k xzke jlqyiqj iQrg<br />
psgjkd yk ealqjiqj gyS;k vukt HkaMkj.k d h O;oLFk<br />
psgjkd yk d jgfy;k cqtqxZ vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k<br />
xzke d jgfg;k cqtwxZ d Syktykyiqj ] jkeiqj<br />
Mqejh Hksjkgk¡<br />
tUnkgk eksgmnhuiqj xjkbZ fd lkuks }kjk mitk, gqbZ iQly d s j[kus gsrq vukt lxzg ?kj d h LFkiuk iapk;r esa<br />
tUnkgk ukM+h [kqnZ khr HkaMkj x`g d k fuekZ.k xzke ukjh [kqnZ esa<br />
xkSjksy cgknqjiqj vukt Hk.Mkj<br />
xkSjksy d UgkSyh fo".kqiqj vukt HkaMkj.k d h O;oLFk xzke d UgkSyh fo'kuilh] [krjhpd ]ekuiqjk]
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
d qrqciqj lgeky] lSniqj<br />
xkSjksy d Vj ekyk vukt HkaMkj.k d h O;oLFk d Vjekyk<br />
xkSjksy yksnhiqj vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k<br />
xzke vkneiqj] yksnhiqj] jkt[k.M [ktkSy ,oa<br />
pSsuiqj ,oa c[rkSj xat<br />
xkSjksy ihjkiqj eFkqjk vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k ihjkiqj eFkqjk<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj rqd hZ vukt HkaMkj d k fuekZ.k xzke iapk;r jkt jlwyiqj rqd hZ<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o vukt HkaMkj.k d k fuekZ.k jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks vukt HkaMkj d k fuekZ.k xzke iapk;r jkt fijksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
erL; ikyu<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k<br />
Hkxokuiqj lgFk erL; ikyu d h O;oLFk<br />
feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k<br />
ikrsiqj vckcd jiqj Dokgh feV~Vh tk¡p d h O;oLFk xzke vckcd jiqj d ksvkgh ] ikrsiqj fo'kquiqj d ksvkgh d s d `"kd ks d ks<br />
gkthiqj fo'kuiqj olar feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz d h vko';d rk<br />
gkthiqj vU/jokM+k d `f"k ,oa flpkbZ %& iapk;r esa feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz d h LFku ,oa d `f"k lykfd kj d h cgkyh<br />
gkthiqj lqyrkuiqj d `f"k ,oa flpkbZ %& d `f'k ,oa feV~Vh ,oa tkap d sUnz d h vko';d rk<br />
gkthiqj fnX/hd yk if'peh d `f"k o falapkbZ d `f"k chek ,oa feV~Vh tkap d sUnz<br />
gkthiqj fo'kquij ckyk/kjh d `f"k o flapkbZ d `f"k chek ,oa feV~Vh tkap d sUnz<br />
gkthiqj xnkbZ ljk; d `f"k o falpkbZ %& d `f"k chek ,oa feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz iapk;r Lrj ij d jus d h O;oLFk<br />
gkthiqj nkSyriqj nsojh;k<br />
iapk;r esa feV~Vh tkap d sUnz d h LFku ,oa d `"kh lykgd kj d h cgkyh mUur cht d h O;oLFk ,oa flpkbZ gsrq 3 LVsV cksfjx d h O;oLFk d s lkFk gh lkFk iQly<br />
chek<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz d h O;oLFk<br />
ikrsiqj ekSng prqj feV~Vh tk¡p d sUnz d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s vUrxZr
flapkbZ dh O;oLFkk<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
ikrsiqj ekSng prqj cksfjax d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s vUrxZr<br />
iVs
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
gkthiqj fnX/hd yk if'peh d `f"k o falapkbZ LVsV cksfjax d h v ko';d rk<br />
gkthiqj fo'kquij ckyk/kjh d `f"k o flapkbZ xzke d qvkjh [kqnZ esa LVsV V~;wcosy pkyw d jkus d h O;oLFk<br />
Hkxokuiqj fe;k¡cSjks V;wcsy vkSj cksfjax d h O;oLFk lHkh okMZ<br />
Hkxokuiqj ek?ksiqj jke flpkabZ d h O;oLFk gksA & 25 p;fur LFky ij cksfjax d h O;oLFk<br />
Hkxokuiqj 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk LVsV V;qccsay cksfjaxosy miyC/ d jk;k tk,A 'kgfegk¡ jksgqvk<br />
okMZ&4 esa oljkt flag d s ?kj d s<br />
ikrsiqj vyhuxj ysonu LVsV cksfjax fuekZ.k<br />
fud VA<br />
ikrsiqj jk?ksiqj ujlaMk flpkbZ gsrq cksfjax d h O;oLFk lHkh okMZ es 1&1<br />
iapk;r vUrxZr ,d LVsV cksafjx fuekZ.k<br />
vko';d gSA LFku ;kstuk v kus d s ckn<br />
ikrsiqj cd k
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
jk/ksiqj cgjkeiqj LVsV cksfajax fuekZ.k iapk;r esa<br />
jk/ksiqj eksguiqj LVsV cksfjax LFkiuk iapk;r esa<br />
okMZ u0 1 jktsUnz flag firk Lo0 jke<br />
jk/ksiqj iQrsgiqj flapkbZ d s fy, LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk<br />
inkFkZ flag d s tehu esa<br />
jk/ksiqj iQrsgiqj LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk iou flag d s tehu esa<br />
jk/ksiqj iQrsgiqj LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk ohjcgknqj flag d s tehu esa<br />
jk/ksiqj iQrsgiqj LVV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k d k;Z fu/Zu Hkxr d s tehu esa<br />
jk/ksiqj pk¡niqjk LVsV cksfjax fuekZ.k pk¡niqjk<br />
jk/ksiqj tqM+kouiqj d jkjh LVsV cksfjax fuekZ.k iapk;r vUrxrZ<br />
oS'kyh pd gykn xzke vYgnkniqj ia?khyky ikloku d s ?kj d s fud V ,d LVsV cksfjax<br />
oS'kyh pd gykn xzke pd vYgnkn nsouUnu jke d s [ksr esa LVsV cksfjax<br />
oS'kyh Hkxokuiqj jRrh LVsV cksfjax cjnfg;k°<br />
oS'kyh lyseiqj<br />
xzke iapk;r jkt lyseiqj d s vUrxZr fofHkUu jktLo xzkeks esa u;s LVsV cksfjax d h Lfkiuk gsrq loZ lEefr ls fopkj<br />
j[ k x;k glauiqj] lyseiqj] gqlsuiqj] uUnykyiqj] pd 'kqy<br />
glauiqj] lyseiqj] gqlsuiqj] uUnykyiqj]<br />
pd 'kqy<br />
psgjkd yk psgjkd yk d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke vlniqj eSHkjk] cFkuk egksnr]<br />
eqLriQiqj] psgjkd yk<br />
psgjkd yk vf[r;kjiqj lsgku cksfjax ,oa iEi lsV d h O;oLFk vf[r;kjiqj lsgku] piSB<br />
psgjkd yk vf[r;kjiqj lsgku d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k vf[r;kjiqj lsgku] piSB<br />
psgjkd yk 'kgiqj [kqnZ LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k tykyiqj foj;ku<br />
psgjkd yk NkSjkgh d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke NkSjkgh rky lsgku jlwyiqj] nkmn<br />
psgjkd yk fc'qkuiqj vM+jk d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke fo'kquiqj v Jjk] gjiqj Hkjjk] ljki<br />
viQty fg0& d Vgkjk] 'ks[kiqjk<br />
psgjkd yk jlqyiqj iQrg D`f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke jlqyiqj iQrg<br />
psgjkd yk eFkuk fefyd d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke eFkuk eky] eFkuk fefyd ,oa<br />
csxe iV~Vh<br />
psgjkd yk eFkuk fefyd iEi lsV ,oa cksfjax d h vko';d rk xzke eFkuk eky] eFkuk fefyd ,oa<br />
csxe iV~Vh<br />
psgjkd yk cLrh ljlhd u LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke cLrh ljlhd u
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
psgjkd yk ealqjiqj gyS;k LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk 1- ealqjiqj gyS;k] 2- pd guhiQ nqYyg]<br />
3- d foyiqjk] 4- iQrgiqj pd lqyseku<br />
psgjkd yk d jgfy;k cqtqxZ d `f"k o flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke d jgfg;k cqtwxZ d Syktykyiqj ]<br />
jkeiqj Mqejh Hksjkgk¡<br />
tUnkgk ihjkiqj LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk ihjkiqj] txnh'kiqj ghjkiqj<br />
tUnkgk gjizlkn LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk pd glu] ek/ksiqj] iksgkj] ebMs txnh'kiqj] [kM+xiqj] gjizlkn] pd feYd h<br />
tUnkgk pkanljk; LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk pk¡n ljk; fo".kqiV~Vh<br />
tUnkgk gtjr tUnkgk LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk xzke tUnkgk] pd ulhj] >Eeuxat] pd fnoku<br />
tUnkgk Mhg cqpkSyh LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk xzke gqykSj Mhg cqpkSyh<br />
tUnkgk jlqyiqj iqjks"kre LVsV V~;wcosy d h ejEerh d k;Z jlyiqj pd egnhu ,oa jkeiqj pd yky<br />
tUnkgk ekuflgiqj fotjkSyh LVsV cksfjax d h ejEefr xzke iapk;r ekufliqj fc>jkSyh<br />
tUnkgk ukM+h [kqnZ LVsV cksfjax ejEerh d k;Z xzke fo".kqiqj<br />
Hkuiqj cjsok d `f"k o flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk xzke iapk;r jkt Hkuiqj cjsok vUrxZr<br />
xkSjksy<br />
lHkh xzke<br />
d UgkSyh fo".kqiqj d `f"k o flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk xzke d UgkSyh fo'kuilh]<br />
xkSjksy<br />
[krjhpd ]ekuiqjk] psgjkd yk<br />
d UgkSyh /ujkt d `f"k ,oa flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke iapk;r d UgkSyh /ujkt d s lHkh<br />
xkSjksy<br />
xzkekas esa<br />
d Vj ekyk d `f"k & LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke jkeiqj oDrkSj egeniqj nfj;k]<br />
osyoj d Vjekyk] bZLykeiqj] pd pSueB]<br />
xkSjksy<br />
lgnqYykiqj<br />
yksnhiqj d `f"k o flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke vkneiqj] yksnhiqj] jkt[k.M [ktkSy<br />
xkSjksy<br />
,oa pSsuiqj ,oa c[rkSj xat<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k LVsV cksfjax d h O;oLFk<br />
xkSjksy ihjkiqj eFkqjk d `f"k ,oa flapkbZ %& LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k ihjkiqj eFkqjk<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj rqd hZ d `f"k o flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke iapk;r jkt jlwyiqj rqd hZ<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o d `f"k o flapkbZ & LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke%& lksU/ks jÙkh ,oa lksU/ks nqYg
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k xzke iapk;r jkt fijksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
ikSM+k enu flag iapk;r es d `f"k d k;Z gsrq 2 LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k d k;Z ePNq jk; d s cFku ij OkMZ&8 d yknkl<br />
ykyxat<br />
gkV ij okMZ uú&9<br />
ykyxat tykyiqj LVsV cksfjax d k fuekZ.k d k;Z eFkqjkiqj okMZ ua0 13<br />
ykyxat vuojiqj LVsV cksfjax d k tha.ksZ¼kj]<br />
Hkwfe fod kl<br />
izoks/h ujsUnz vjjh<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
ykyxat ikSM+k enu flag lhekUr fd lkukas d k Hkwfe fod kl<br />
ykyxat ikSM+k enu flag Hkwfe fod kl<br />
izf'k{k.k dsUnz dh vko';drk<br />
frokjh Vksyk ikSM+k okMZ uú&4]5<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k<br />
xzke lSniqj x.ks'k esa d q'kokgk Vksyk esa fcgkj ljd kj d s tehu esa fd lku Hkou lg d `f"k izf'k{k.k d sUnz<br />
LFky @ LFku<br />
fcnqiqj lSniqj x.ks'k<br />
d k fuekZ.k d k;Z xzke lSniqj x.ks'k<br />
fcnqiqj d apuiqj fd lku Hkou lg rd uhd h izf'k{k.k d sUnz d k fuekZ.k d k;Z okMZ 14 esa Hkwfenkrk jkefd 'kqu jk;<br />
iVs
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
xkSjksy ihjksbZ miQZ jlwyiqj 'ke'kqn~nhu fd lku izf'k{k.k d h d sUnz d h LFkiuk ihjksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj rqd hZ fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h LFkiuk xzke iapk;r jkt jlwyiqj rqd hZ<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks fd lku izf'k{k.k d h d sUnz d h LFkiuk xzke iapk;r jkt fijksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
ykyxat ?kVkjks nf{k.kh mUur d `f"k gsrq fd lku nks fnolh; izf'k{k.k xzke iapk;r Hkou ij<br />
ykyxat 'khry Hkd qjgj mUur d `f"k gsrq fd lku izf'k{k.k d k d k;Z iapk;r Hkou ij<br />
gkthiqj lgnqYykiqj lkru 3- feV~Vh tkap d sUznz ,oa fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk<br />
ikrsiqj [ ksvktiqj cLrh d `f"k ds ckjs es izf'k{k.k d h O;oLFk xzke iapk;r d s lHkh fpfUgr fd lkuksa d ks<br />
ikrsiqj egFkh /eZpUn fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk ljd kjh Hkqfe ij<br />
ikrsiqj ekSng prqj d `f"k vk/kfjr izf'k{k.k d h O;oLFk iapk;r d s vUrxZr<br />
cfyxk¡o<br />
iapk;r Lrj ij d `"kd ksa d ks iQly mRiknu ,oa<br />
lqj{k oehZ d EiksLV cukusa laca/h izf'k{k.k d h<br />
ikrsiqj<br />
d `f"k laca/h izf'k{k.k<br />
O;oLFk nks fnolh;<br />
jktkikd j ehjiqj irk
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
psgjkd yk cLrh ljlhd u fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk xzke cLrh ljlhd u<br />
psgjkd yk ealqjiqj gyS;k fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;LFk 1- ealqjiqj gyS;k] 2- pd guhiQ nqYyg] 3-<br />
d foyiqjk] 4- iQrgiqj pd lqyseku<br />
psgjkd yk d jgfy;k cqtqxZ fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk xzke d jgfg;k cqtwxZ d Syktykyiqj ] jkeiqj<br />
Mqejh Hksjkgk¡<br />
psgjkd yk d jgfy;k cqtqxZ mUur fd Le d s ckxokuh d k izf'k{k.k xzke d jgfg;k cqtwxZ d Syktykyiqj ] jkeiqj<br />
Mqejh Hksjkgk¡<br />
tUnkgk ihjkiqj fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk iapk;r Lrj ij<br />
tUnkgk gjizlkn fd lku izf'k{k.k d h O;oLFk pd glu] ek/ksiqj] iksgkj] ebMs txnh'kiqj] [kM+xiqj] gjizlkn] pd feYd h<br />
tUnkgk gtjr tUnkgk fd lku izf'k{k.k d h O;oLFk xzke tUnkgk] pd ulhj] >Eeuxat] pd fnoku<br />
tUnkgk Mhg cqpkSyh fd lku izf'k{k.k d sUnz d h O;oLFk xzke gqykSj Mhg cqpkSyh<br />
xkSjksy Hkuiqj cjsok mUur fd Le d s ckxokuh d k izf'k{k.k<br />
xkSjksy d UgkSyh /ujkt mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k xzke iapk;r d UgkSyh /ujkt d s lHkh xzkekas esa<br />
d Vj ekyk le;≤ ij fd lkuksa d ks izf'k{k.k d h O;oLFk xzke jkeiqj oDrkSj egeniqj nfj;k] osyoj<br />
xkSjksy<br />
d Vjekyk] bZLykeiqj] pd pSueB] lgnqYykiqj<br />
yksnhiqj mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k xzke vkneiqj] yksnhiqj] jkt[k.M [ktkSy ,oa<br />
xkSjksy<br />
pSsuiqj ,oa c[rkSj xat<br />
xkSjksy eksgEeniqj iks>k d `f"k ds izfr tkx:d rk izf'k{k.k<br />
xkSjksy ihjkiqj eFkqjk mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k ceuVksyh<br />
xkSjksy ihjksbZ miQZ jlwyiqj 'ke'kqn~nhu mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k d k;Z ihjksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj rqd hZ mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k xzke iapk;r jkt jlwyiqj rqd hZ<br />
xkSjksy jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k jlwyiqj d ksjhxk¡o<br />
xkSjksy lksU/ks mUur fd Le d h ckxokuh d s fy, izf'k{k.k xzke iapk;r jkt fijksbZ 'ke'kqn~nhu<br />
ykyxat ,rokjiqj fllkSyk mUur d `f"k ,oa mUur cht mRiknu gsrq izf'k{k.k fd O;oLFk iapk;r ,rokjiqj fllkSyk<br />
ykyxat y{eh ukjk;.k iqj mUur d `f"k d s fy;s fd lkuh d k nks fnolh; izf'k{k.k iapk;r Hkou ij<br />
iVs
mRiknu lg fcØ h d sUnz<br />
iz[k.M d k uke iapk;r d k uke d k;Z d k fooj.k LFky @ LFku<br />
ikrsiqj ekSng prqj mRiknu lg fcØ h d sUnz fuekZ.k xzke Lrj ij<br />
ikrsiqj vckcd jiqj Dokgh mRiknu lg fcØ h d sUnz d k fuekZ.k okMZ la[;k 1 esa ,oa iz[k.M eq[;ky; d s Hkwfe ij<br />
Qly
Change language