Biography of Augen Bava - Orthodox TV

am¿ HutK≥ _mh 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬`-S≥ 

(Po-h-N-cn-{Xw) 

sI. hn. amΩ≥ 

{]km-[-I¿ 

tIm´-bv°¬ ]ªo-tjgvkv 

amßm-\w, tIm´-bw -˛ 18 

hne: 50 cq] 

MAR AUGEN BAVA 

The Guard of Catholicate 

(Biography) 

By K. V. Mammen, Kottackal, Kottayam - 18 

Ph: 0481 - 578936 

Third Impression : Dec. 8, 2000 

Copy Right : Author 

DTP & Printing : Sophia Books, Kottayam Ph: 303237 

Cover Design : Beam Communications, Kottayam 

Rs. 50.

D≈-S°w 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 

Biwi ]. ImtXm-en°m _mhm 4 

apJ-hpc 6 

aq∂mw ]Xn-∏n\v A`n-\-µ-\w 7 

Ah-Xm-cn-I 10 

A\p-kva-c-Ww 28 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 33 

1. IpSpw-_hpw _mey-Im-ehpw 41 

2. hnZym-`ymkw 47 

3. HutK≥ dºm≥ 49 

4. kphn-tij hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø\\nc-X≥ 59 

5. sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 64 

6. ]ndhw a¿±\w 71 

7. \mem-asØ ImtXm-en°m 87 

8. ImtXm-en°m ˛ am¿∏m∏m kw`m-jWw 92 

9. FtXym-]y≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv 98 

10. am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v 101 

11. Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew 103 

12. ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw hne-ßp-X-Sn-Ifpw 110 

13. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ⁄m\-Øn\v CXp-aXn 113 

14. A\-[n-IrX sa{Xm-∑m¿°v \ntcm-[-\m⁄ 117 

15. `mKyhm\mbn IS-∂p-t]mbn 123 

16. sXm´p-\n-∂-h¿ tI´Xpw I≠Xpw 128 

17. F√m-h¿°pw \√ amXrI 

18. ].- Hu-tK≥ _mhmbpw tImS-\m´v kotbm≥ 

138 

B{i-ahpw ]≈nbpw 

19. Fs‚ ÿm\hpw Poh\pw t]mbmepw 

140 

k`m kzmX{¥yw If-p-Ip-fn-°n√ 144 

20. kwkm-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-ßƒ 145 

http://www.malankaraorthodox.tv/ 


Biwk 

\ΩpsS ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m 

_mhm-bpsS ]cn-jvI-cn® Poh-N-cn-{X-amb ""ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬ 

`S≥'' F∂ kap-NnX \mat[-b-Øn-ep≈ ]pkvXIw, At±-l-Øns‚ 

Nca cPX Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®p {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ AXnbmb 

kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Zo¿L-Imew adp-`m-KØp \n∂-tijw DØa 

t_m[y-tØmsS ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ ss[cyw Imńb Xncpta\n 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰n-s‚bpw ae-c k`-bpsSbpw kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\pth≠n 

AN-©-e-\mbn \ne-sIm≠p. ]ń-Wnbpw I„-∏mSpw FXn¿∏pw 

a¿±-\hpw {]tem-`-\-ßfpw H∂pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ZrV- 

\n-›-bsØ eh-teiw kv]¿in-®n√. 

{]m¿∞-\bpw t\mºpw D]-hm-khpw apJ-ap-{Z-bmb Xncp-ta\n C°m- 


tImS-\mSv _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ ]ªnIv kvIqfns‚ DZvLm-S\w ]. 

am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂p.

5 

e-b-f-hn¬ kpdn-bm\n {KŸ-ßƒ X¿÷a sNbvXpw a‰pw \ΩpsS Bcm- 

[-\m -kmln-XysØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \nanjw- t]mepw 

]mgm°msX kabw ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]nXmhv \aps°√mw 

\√ amXrI Xs∂-bmWv. am¿tXmΩm-bpsS A∏-kvtXm-en-IXzw, 

knwlm-k\w, al-Ømb ]mc-ºcyw F∂o Imcy-ß-fn¬ H´pw hn´phogvNbv°v 

At±lw Xøm-dm-bn-√. ae-c k`bpambp≈ _‘-Øn\v 

At¥ym-Iy-bn¬ Zo¿L-Imew Xma-kn®v At\z-jW ]T\w \S-Øn-bn´pw 

bmsXmcp dn°m¿Upw ImWm≥ km[n-°mØ ].- _m-hm, am¿tØmΩm 

«olm Hcp siΩm-»≥ t]m-ep-a-s√∂p ]dpsIm≠v bmt°m_v XrXob≥ 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv Zp„ e£y-tØmsS 1970 -˛¬ 203- ˛mw \º¿ Iev]\ 

Ab-®-t∏mƒ AXp XnI thZ-hn-]-co-X-am-sW∂pw Xs‚ Poh≥ 

t]mbmepw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ÿm\Øn\pw knwlm-k-\-Øn\pw FXncmb 

\o°-ßsf i‡n-bp‡w FXn¿°p-sa∂pw ImWn®v ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhmbv°v i‡-amb adp-]Sn \¬In. 

ae--c-bn¬ ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\ ]p\xÿm]-\-Øn\p {ian- 

®-h-cn¬ {]ap-J\pw ]fin-X\pw {InkvXob hn\-b-Øns‚ \nd-Ip-S-hpamb 

].- Hu-tK≥ _mhm-bpsS Cu Poh-N-cn{Xw k`mw-K-ßƒ°v IqSp- 

X¬ {]tbm-P-\-I-chpw {]tNm-Z-\-I-chpw Bbn-cn-°p-sa-∂p≈Xn\p c≠p- 

]-£-an√. {KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb sI. hn. amΩs‚ Cu ]cn-{i-asØ \mw 

A`n-\-µn-°p-Ibpw Bio¿h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-Wv. 

ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. 

tIm´bw _t en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv 

23 ˛ 11 ˛ 2000 ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm 


ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 

apJ-hpc 

]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS Nca cPX 

Pq_n-en-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ""]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhm: ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬ `S≥'' F∂ ]cn-jvI-cn® Poh-N-cn{Xw aq∂mw ]Xn-∏mbn Cd- 

°m≥ km[n-®-Xn¬ koam-Xo-X-amb kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Hcp hnhm-Z-]p-cp-j- 

\m-bn-cp∂ _mhm-bpsS bYm¿∞ Nn{Xw, Poh-N-cn-{Xw, injy-{]-ap-J-\mb 

tIm\m´v G{_lmw aev]ms‚ AXyp-÷z-e-amb Ah-Xm-cn-I, ss{]h-‰v 

sk-{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a\ amt\-P¿ ^m. Sn. Pn. kJdn-bm-bpsS 

A\p-`-h-k-º-∂-Xbn¬ \n∂p P\n® "A`n-\-µ\w,' sXm´-Sp- 

Øp-\n-∂-h¿ tI´Xpw I≠Xpw apX-em-b-h -tN¿Øm-WnXp {]kn-≤-s∏- 

Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Im¬\q-‰m≠p apºv {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ""am¿ HutK≥ ImtXmen°m 

_mhm'' F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ \n∂p ImX-emb Imcy-ßƒ 

am{Xta Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-´p-≈p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IpSpw_ Ncn-{X-sØ-∏‰n 

AXns‚ FUn-‰-dmb s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en Fgp-Xnb teJ-\hpw IpSpw- 

_-tbmKw {]kn-U‚mb dh. ^m. kn. sI. G{_lmw Fgp-Xnb ""tImS- 

\mSv B{i-ahpw ]≈nbpw'' F∂ teJ-\hpw sXm´p \n∂-h-cpsS km£yßfpw 

tUm. tXmakv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-bpsS 

""hgn-hn´ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr„n-°p∂p'' F∂ {it≤-b-amb teJ- 

\hpw ""ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-Ss\'' hf-sc-b-[nIw hn⁄m\{]Zamb 

Hcp ]pkvX-I-am-°n-bn-´ps≠∂mWv Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv. k¿t∆m- 

]cn ]cn-ip≤ _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXmen°m 

_mhm-bpsS Biwk Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Xne-I-®m¿ØmsW∂p 

\µn]q¿∆w ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v Gsd kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. HutK≥ _mhmbpsS 

kvac-Wsb ssNX\y[\y-am-°n-s°m≠v k`-bpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n 

Cu \√ B≤ym-flnI kZysbmcp-°m≥ km[n-®-Xn¬ F\n°v Im\mhnse 

hncp∂phmgn-sb-t∏mse hf-sc-b-[nIw Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v. kZybpsS 

N´-h-´-ß-fn¬ t\csØ h√ Ipdhpw h∂n-´p-s≠-n¬ kwkvImc 

kº-∂-cmb k`mw-K-ßƒ, sa®-s∏´ hov Bkz-Zn-®-h-sc-t∏mse Icp- 

Xp-sa-∂p≈ {]Xo-£-bp-ap-≠v. ]pkvXI {]kn-≤o-I-c-WsØ t{]m’m- 


ln-∏n® tImS\m´v XpcpØn tN´m-Ip-f-Øpw-Ic dh. ^m. kn. sI. G{_- 

lm-an\pw Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pw "A`n-\-µ\w' Fgp-Xnb 

dh.- ^m. Sn. Pn. kJ-dnbmbv°pw a‰pw \µn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v ""ImtXmen-t°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬ `Ss‚'' a[y-ÿ-X-bn¬ Rm\pw A`bw tXSp-I-bmWv. 

amß-m-\w sI. hn. amΩ≥,tIm´-bv°¬ 

tIm´bw. Unkw-_¿, 8, 2000 

6

7 ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 


8 

aq∂mw ]Xn-∏n\v 

A`n-\-µ\w 

ae--c-k-`-bnse F√m-h¿°pw Hcpt]mse kzoIm-cy-\mb ImtXmen-°mbpw 

AXp-ey-\mb kpdn-bm\n `mjm ]fin-X\pw Ejn-h-cy\pw 

Fs‚ A`n-hµy Kpcp-`q-X-\p-amb ]. HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS Poh- 

N-cn-{X-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI-cn® aq∂mw-]-Xn∏v Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Nca hm¿jnI 

cP-X-Pq-_nen Zn\-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]S-ßfpw hnh-c-ßfpw k¿t∆m-]cn 

Ia-\o-b-amb NXp¿h¿Æ apJ-Nn-{Xhpw tN¿Øv ""ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬ `S-≥'' F∂ DNn-X-\m-a-tØmSp IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ 

F\n°v AXn-bmb kt¥m-j-ap≠v. Hcp siΩm-i-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ 

Xs∂ ˛ 1905 ¬ ˛ ioa-bn¬ FØp-Ibpw Zo¿L-Imew Ahn-sS-bp≈ 

hnhn[ B{i-a-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw In´m-hp∂{X kpdn-bm\n {KŸßƒ 

hmbn®p ssZh-imkv{XØnepw kpdn-bm\n `mj-bnepw Ah-Kmlw 

t\Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-ti-j-amWv aØmbn siΩm-i≥ sshZn-I≥ BImsX 

k\ymkn F∂ \ne-bn¬ dºm≥ ÿm\w kzoI-cn-®-Xv. 

]pcm-X-\-amb At¥ym-Iy≥ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{Xhpw cm{„ob 

Np‰p-]m-Snepw a‰pw Xosc £oWn®pt]mb Nn{Xhpw k`m-≤y-£-∑m-cpsS 

XΩn-e-Snbpw At±l-Øn\p icn°p a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®p. AXp ae- 

c k`bv°p {]Xy-£-ambpw ]tcm-£-ambpw {]tbm-P\w sNøp-Ibpw 

D≠m-bn. Hcp {]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ae-ck`-bpsS B≤ym-flnI 

]c-am-[n-Imcw \„-s∏´ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, ae-ck`-bpsS ]ptcm-K- 

Xn°pw kzmX-{¥y-Øn\pw th≠n t]¿jy-bn¬ \n∂p-t]mb ImtXm-en°m 

knwlm-k\w B k`-bp-ambn ae-ck`-bv°p≈ BZy-Ime _‘sØ 

ap≥\ndpØn ae--c-bn¬ ]p\-ÿm-]n®pIn´m≥ k`mt\Xm-°ƒ hmRvOn 

®psIm≠n-cp∂ ImeL´hpw. At¥ym-Iy-bn¬ c≠p ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k- 

∑m¿ D≠m-bn. PqWn-b¿ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmb A_vZp≈ Xp¿°n 

kp¬Øms‚ ]n¥pWtbmsS -ko-\n-b¿ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmb A_vtZZv 

ain-lmsb A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂p am‰n \n¿Øn-bn-cp∂p. ImtXm-en°m 

knwlm-k\w, Xs‚ A[n-Im-chpw BZm-bhpw C√m-Xm°n ]p\-ÿm-]n- 


°m≥ A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hnap-J-\m-bn-cp∂p. Cu bmYm¿∞y- 

ßƒ a\- n-em°n ae-ck`-bpsS c£bv°p ImtXm-en°m ÿm]\w 

D≠m-IW-sa-n¬ ]cn-ip-≤-\mb A_vtZZv ain-lmsb £Wn- 

°pIbmWp th≠-sX∂pw At±-lw apS-°-s∏´h\m-sW∂ {]Nm-cWw 

sI´pIY-bm-sW∂pw h´-t»-cn¬ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn\v 

dºm-®≥ FgpXn. Cu FgpØv ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\ ]p\xÿm]\ 

{ia-Øn¬ G¿s∏-ńcp∂ ae-ck`m t\Xm-°-fpsS \odn-∏p- 

IpsIm≠n-cp∂ lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Xpjmc h¿jw s]mgn®p F∂p- ]dbp-∂-Xmhpw 

icn. Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ Kpcp-`q-X-\m-bn-cp∂ I≠-\mSv `{Zmk\ 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb 1912 ¬ H∂mw ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn \ncWw 

henb ]≈n-bn¬ h®p hmgn-®-t∏mƒ HutK≥ dºm-®≥ Xs‚ tae-[n- 

Im-cn-bmb ]ueqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ hne°v Hcp ]qam-ebmbn 

IW-°m°n Ncn{X {][m-\-amb B NS-ßn¬ kk-t¥mjw kw_- 

‘n®p. ae--c-bn¬ ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w Bh-iy-am-sW-∂p≈ 

At±-l-Øns‚ B{K-l-Øn\v CXn¬ IqSp-X¬ F¥p sXfn-hp -th-Ww? 

k`-bpsS ka-{K- ]p-tcm-K-Xn°p kam-[m\w A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v 

Bflm¿∞-ambn Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX HutK≥ 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bep-h-mbn¬ \S-Ønb AXn 

km-l-kn-I-amb A¥na {iaw adp-]-£-Øns‚ \n -l-I-cWw aqew \new- 

]-Xn-®-t∏mƒ Hcp \nan-jhpw ImØp\n¬°msX 1942 ¬ I≠-\mSv `{Zmk\w 

apgp-h≥ tN¿∂v ImtXm-en-°msb aqhm-‰p-]pg h®v kzoI-cn-®Xp 

k`m Ncn-{X-Ønse Hchnkva-c-Wob kw`-h-amWv. ]n∂oSp kap-Zmb 

tIkn¬ ImtXm-en°m I£n tXm‰-t∏mƒ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\Ønse 

an° ]≈n-Ifpw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ssIhn-´p! 

{]m¿∞\, D]-hm-kw, [ym\w, hmb-\, FgpØv, ]T\w F∂n-h-bn¬ 

apgp-In-bn-cp∂ HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, Xs∂ 

hnfn-®-h\n¬ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn®psIm≠v ]ń-Wnbpw a¿±-\hpw kln®p 

apt∂m-´p-t]mbn. C°m-e-L-´-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ injy-\mbpw sk{I- 

´-dn-bmbpw {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ Akp-e` `mKyw F\n°p e`n®p. Hc¿∞- 

Øn¬ Fs‚ Pohn-X-Ønse kt¥m-j-ß-fpsS kpZn-\-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p 

A°m-e-L-´w. bmX-\-I-fnepw thZ-\-I-fnepw skbv‚ v t]mfn-s\-t∏mse 

kt¥m-jn-∏m≥ ssZhw -C-S-\¬Inb I\-Im-h-k-c-ßƒ. GXp `‡\pw 

ASn-sX‰nt∏mIm-hp∂ hmKvZm-\-ßfpw {]tem-`-\-ßfpw {]I-º\w 

sIm≈n-®n´pw Xnc-pta\n AN-©-e-\mbn \nesIm≠p. BtcmSpw ]cn-`htam 

{]Xn-Imc Nn¥tbm IqSmsX Xncp-ta\n tIm´-bØv h∂v sshZnI 

skan-\mcn {]n≥kn-∏¬, Xpº-a¨ `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥, \nbp‡ ImtXmen°m, 

ImtXm-en°m F∂o ÿm\-ßƒ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ae--cn-®-t∏mƒ 

X≈n-°-f I√v aqe-°-√mbn F∂ thZ-h-N\w IqSp-X¬ A\z¿∞-ambn-tXm∂n. 


HutK≥ Xncp-ta\n tIm´-bØv skan-\mcn {]n≥kn-∏-embn h∂tijamWv 

At±-l-Øns‚ sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ Rm≥ ]. _t -en-tbmkv 

Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS sk{I-´-dn-bmbn Npa-

9 ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 

10 

Xe F¬°p-∂-Xv. ]. _mhm-bpsS sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ Uo°≥ ]n. 

kn. Cu∏≥ D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\p t]mb-t∏m-ƒ Hgnhp h∂ B ÿm\-tØ 

°mWv Rm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Aßs\ aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bnse Xmakw 

tIm´-bsØ k`m tI{µ-Øn¬ FØp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-io-e\ Ime-am-bncp-∂p. 

Fs‚ Bflob hf¿®bv°pw Db¿®bv°pw {]m¿∞\m a√-∑mcm-bn-cp∂ 

Cu c≠p _mhm-am-cpsS IqsS-bp≈ hmkw hf-sc-b-[nIw 

klmbn-®p. Xncn-p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ ssZhw \S-Ønb hgn-Iƒ F{Xtbm 

A¤p-X-Icw F∂v Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-Wv. 

]. HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS PohnXw F∂pw Hgp-°n-s\-Xnscbp≈ \o¥em-bn-cp-∂p. 

F√m {]Xn-_-‘-ß-sfbpw i‡n-tb-dnb {]hm-l-ß-sfbpw 

apdn®psIm≠v B PohnX\uI e£y-Øn-se-Øn. _mhm-sb-∏‰n 

Ahiyw Adn-n-cn-t°≠Xpw CXp-hsc shfn®w ImWm-Ø-Xp-amb 

]e kwK-Xn-Ifpw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n®n-cn-°p∂ {KŸ- 

I¿Øm-hmb sI. hn. amΩ≥ k`sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A`n-\-µ- 

\o-b-amb Hcp tkh-\-amWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v H´pw {]iwk IqSmsX 

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ F\n°v km[n-°pw. ]. HutK≥ _mhm ImtXm-ent°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬`St\m As√-n¬ Imh¬ amem-Jtbm BsW-∂p≈ 

hkvXpX A\p-hm-N-I¿°v \njv{]-bmkw a\- n-em-°m-\m-Ipw. At±-l- 

Øns‚ {]m¿∞\ F∂pw \ap°p tIm´-bm-bn-cn-°pw. 

tIm´bw ^m. Sn. Pn. kJ-dnb 

2˛11-˛2000 amt\-P¿ 

ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a\ 


Ah-Xm-cnI 

tbip{In-kvXp-hns‚ ]{¥≠v A∏kvtXme∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmb am¿ 

tØmam- «o-lm-bm¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ ]uckvXy Hm¿ØtUmIvkv kpdnbm-\n-k-`-bpsS 

{]Ya tI{µ-am-bn-cp∂ FtU- m-bn¬\n∂p Ime-N-{I- 

KXn-b-\p-k-cn®p ]n¬°m-eØp t]¿jym-cm-PysØ skeqIym, sX{Kokv, 

aqk¬ XpSßnb tI{µ-ß-fn-te°p am‰-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, 19- ˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ 

A¥y-tØm-S-SpØv AhnsS ]n≥Xp-S¿®°m-cn-√msX Ah-ti-jn-°bpw 

sNbvX ]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\w, AXns‚ `c-W-]-cn-[nbn¬Xs∂ 

Dƒs∏-ń-cp∂ ae--c-bn-tebv°v 1912-˛¬ am‰n-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-´ti-jw, 

B knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ BcqV-\mb \mem-asØ ImtXm-en-°mbm-Wt√m 

`mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb ]. HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xncpta\n. 

ae-ck`-bpsS ]q¿∆-Im-e-N-cn{Xw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp ]cn-tim- 

[n-°p∂]£w, AXXp ImeØp ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \nebn-tem, 

]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m F∂ \ne-bntem F√mw Cu k`bpsS 

t\Xr-ÿm-\Øp hcp-hm-\n-S-bm-bn-´p≈ ]nXm-°-∑m-cn¬ Hmtcm-cp- 

Ø¿°pw, Xß-fpsS ImeØp Nne {][m\ {]iv\-ßsf t\cn-´v, Cu 

k`sb icn-bmb {InkvXo-b- ]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

ssZh-\n-tbm-K-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

Cu ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v ]. HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhmbv°p t\cn-tS- 

≠n-h∂ {]iv\w, ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS 

ÿm]-I\pw AXns‚ {]Ya alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\p-am-bn-cp∂ am¿tØmam- 

«o-lm-bpsS ]utcm-ln-Xyw, knwlm-k-\w, ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbv°p 

Xs‚ `c-W-ko-a-bn¬ F.- Un. 231 -˛se bdp-itew kp∂-l-tZmkp apX¬ 

ss{IkvX-h-tem-I-am-I-am\w kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp∂ Bflo-bhpw 

euIn-I-hp-amb ]c-am-[n-Imcw F∂n-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _mly-Zr-„n-bnepw 

km[m-cW s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw hf-sc-b-[nIw hn\o-X-\mbn ImW-s∏-ń-cp∂ 

Xncp-ta-\n, ssZh-\n-›-b-{]-Imcw Xs‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ h∂p-tN¿∂ 

k`-bpsS {InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kzmX{¥yw tNmZyw-sN-øs∏-Sp∂ 

{]iv\sØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ G‰w {]_-e\pw 

\n›b-Zm¿Vy-ap-≈-h-\p-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 


Hcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-m¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw kwkmc-Øn-ep-sa√mw 

k¿∆{X apg-®p-\n-∂n-cp∂ AXn-cp-I-hn hn\-b-kz`mh-at√ 

C∂sØ Cu k`m-{]-Xn-k-‘n°p ap≥ssI FSp-°p-hm≥ Nne 

t\Xm-°-∑m¿°p t{]c-I-ambn `hn-®-sX-∂p-t]mepw Nne-t∏mƒ F\n°p 

tXm∂m-dp-≠v. _mly-amb {]uVn-bnepw BUw-_-cß-fnepw \ns∂√mw



12 

Ign-bp-∂{X Hgn-p-am-dn, XnI®pw efn-X-amb Pohn-X-Ncy kzoI-cn®ncp∂ 

Xncp-ta-\n, 1962 -˛¬ ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°m- ÿm-\-tØ-bv°p Xnc-s- 

Sp-°-s∏´ kw`-hw, Cu k`-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ASp-Ø-dn-bm-hp∂ 

]e¿°pw XnI®pw A{]-Xo-£n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. B Ime-Øv, Xncp-ta-\nbpsS 

ap≥Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm Hcn-°¬ 

AXn-s\-°p-dn®p t\c-tºm-°mbn ]d Hcp Imcyw Rm≥ Hm¿°p- 

∂p. ""Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-®≥ k¿∆Ym Cu ÿm\-Øn\p tbmKy- 

\m-Wv. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øn\p hn\bw Ipsd IqSp-X-em-bn-t∏mbn 

Fs∂mcp tZmjta D≈p'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p AXv. 

Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ hnf-ßn-bn-cp∂ Cu AXn-hn-\-bw, Xß-fpsS A[n-Imc-tam-l-ßƒ 

Cu k`-bn¬ ASn-t®-ev]n-°p-hm≥ ImØn-cp-∂-h¿°v Hcp 

kµ¿`-ambn tXm∂n-bn-cn-°-Ww. 1958 -˛se k`m kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-tijw 

A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]p-X-s∂, ]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ 

_mhmbv°v ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv _m-hm, am¿tXmΩm -«o-lm-bpsS knwlmk-\-Øn¬ 

Bcq-V-\mb F∂ hnti-jWw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I, ImtXm-en- 

°msb ""]cn-ip≤'' ˛ His Holiness˛ F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-I, se‰¿ t]∏dns‚ 

Xe-s°´v Nph∂ ajn-bn¬ A®-Sn-°pI F∂o ]Xn-hp-Isf tNmZyw 

sNbvXp-sIm≠v Hcp Iev]\ Ab-bv°p-Ibp-≠mb hnhcw kp{]-kn-≤am-W-t√m. 

AXn\v DS≥Xs∂ _mhm Xncp-ta\n X°-Xmb Hcp adp-]Sn 

Ab-bv°p-Ibpw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn B {]iv\w ]n∂oSv D∂-bn-°-s∏-SmsX 

Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

F∂m¬ ]. HutK≥ _mhm Xncp-ta-\n- knw-lm-k-\m-cq-V-\m-b-t∏mƒ 

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AXn-hn-\-bw, CuZri Imcy-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw Xs‚ 

ap≥Kman kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ ]Xn-hn¬\n∂p Ipsd-sb√mw Ipd-hp-sN-øm≥ 

Xncp-ta-\nsb t{]cn-∏n-®p. am¿tØmam -«o-lm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ 

Bcq-V-\mb F∂ hnti-j-Ww, ]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m F∂ HutZym- 

Kn-I-\n-e-bn¬ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p∂ Nne s]mXp-I-ev]-\-I-fn¬ am{Xw D]tbm-Kn-°pI 

F∂ coXn Ah-ew-_n-®p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv _m-hmbv°v h√t∏mgpw 

IØp-I-sf-gp-tX-≠n-h-∂m¬, A®-Sn® se‰¿t]-∏¿ D]-tbm-Kn- 

°msX kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ Fgp-Xpw. Fgp-Øns‚ ASnbn¬ 

kz¥w t]cn-t\mSp tN¿Øv ""hn\o-X-Zm-k≥'' F∂pw a‰pw Fgp-Xp- 

Ibpw sNøpw. 1964- ˛¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-\m-bncp∂ 

kµ¿`-Øn-epw, 1965 -˛¬ Xncp-ta\n Uam-kvIkpw a‰pw kµ¿in-®t∏mgpw 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hm-bpsS ASp-Øp≈ s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬, 

X\n°p kzm`m-hn-I-amb Cu AXn-hn-\bw ImWn-®n-cp-∂p. CsX√mw I≠t∏mƒ 

ap≥]v Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS t\sc Hmßn-bn´pw 


hnet∏m-Im-Xn-cp-∂ -hmƒ, Ct∏mƒ ên-t®-°p-sa∂p kwibw tXm∂nbn-cn-°-Ww. 

ChnsS Nne-cp-sS-sb√mw t{]cWbpw AXns‚ ]n∂n-ep-≠mbn-cn-°mw. 

Aßs\ c≠m-aXpw B hmƒ {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-S-bm-bn. 

]t£ CØ-hW ap≥ Btcm-]-W-ßsf Ihn \ne-bn¬, am¿tØmam- 

«o-lmbv°p ]utcm-ln-Xyw -t]m-ep-an-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂ X\n thZ-hn-]-cn- 

X-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv AXp hoin Fdn--Xv. F∂m¬ Cßs\ c≠mw 

{]mhiyw Npg‰n Fdn-b-s∏´ B hmƒ, Dt±-in-®n-SØv Dt±-in® \ne-bn¬ 

G‰n√ F∂p am{X-a-√, AX-b® ÿm\Øp Xncn-p-sN∂p sIm≈p- 

Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-cp-I-hn hn\o-X≥ th≠k-a-bØp ]md-t]mse 

Dd®p \n∂psIm≠v B hmƒ Xncnsb ]mbn-°p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. 

Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bpsS k¿∆-{]-[m\ Bbp-[-am-Ip∂ D]-hm-khpw 

{]m¿∞-\bpw C{X \njvT-tbm-Sp-IqSn A\p-j-vTn-°p∂ as‰mcp hy‡nsb 

F\n°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-®n-ń-√. F√m bma-{]m¿∞-\-Ifpw an°-hmdpw 

AXXp ka-b-Øp-Xs∂ Xncp-ta\n hfsc \njvT-bmbn \S-Øp-am-bn-cp∂p. 

t\mºp-Im-e-Øv, {]tXy-In®v aq∂p -t\m-ºnepw hen-b -t\m-ºn-epw, hnip≤ 

k`-bpsS icn-bmb \nb-a-a\p-k-cn-®v, Hcp- t\cw am{Xta At±lw 

Blmcw Ign-®n-cp-∂p≈p. aq∂p aWn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠-c-bpsS 

{]m¿∞\ cl-ky-ambn \S-Øn-b-tijw Nne-t∏mƒ Hcp ]m{Xw Poc-Ish-≈w- 

am{Xw IpSn-°pw. k‘ym-{]m¿∞-\-bv°p-tijw Aev]w s]mSnb-cn-°-nbpw 

IpSn-°pw. a‰p t\mºp-I-fnepw an°-hmdpw aq∂p- a-Wnhsc-bpw, 

Ipd--]£w D®-h-sc-sb-n-epw, D]-hm-k-a-\p-jvTn-°pw. hn. 

k`-bnse s]mXp-hmb A©p t\mºp-Iƒ°p ]pdta ]e-t∏mgpw {]tXyI 

t\mºp-Ifpw A\p-jvTn-°pam-bn-cp-∂p. {]mbm-[nIyw sN∂p imco-cn-Iambn 

hfsc Ah-i-\m-Ip-∂Xp hsc Ch-sb√mw hfsc IrXy-am-bn-Øs∂ 

A\p-jvTn-®n-cp-∂p. t\mºn-√mØ Ime-ß-fnepw Xncp-ta\n hfsc eLphmb 

]Zm¿∞-ßƒ am{Xw, AXpw hfsc anX-ambn am{Xw Ign-°p∂ 

{]Ir-X-°-mc-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Zo¿L-Imew Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IqsS hfsc 

ASpØp s]cp-am-dn-bn-´p≈ Fs‚ kz¥ Zr„n-bn¬ ImWp-hm≥ Ign- 

n-´p-≈-h-bm-Wn-sX-√mw. 

hmb-\-bnepw ]T-\-Øn-epw, {]tXy-In®v thZ-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnj-bß-fpsS 

]T-\-Øn¬, Xncp-ta\n AXo-h-X-ev]-c\pw ÿntcm-’m-ln-bp- 


am-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc Xnc-t°-dnb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ t]mepw, e`y- 

am-Ip∂ CS-th-f-I-fn¬, hmb-\-bn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. 

tIhew \memw- t^m-dw- hsc am{Xta Xncp-ta\n Cw•ojv ]Tn-®n-cp-∂p≈p. 

Cw•o-jn¬ Fgp-Xp-hm\pw kwkm-cn-°p-hm\pw {]bm-k-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

Fnepw F{X Bi-b-kw-]p-„-amb Cw•ojv {KŸ-ßfpw hmbn®p


14 

{Kln°p-hm-\p≈ Akm-am\y Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bn¬ 

At±-l-Øns‚ PohnXIme-Øv, Cu \mńepw kndn-bm -\m-ń¬t]m-epw, 

C{X XnI ]mfin-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ thsd D≠m-bn-cpt∂m F∂p kwi-bamWv. 

kpdn-bm-\n-`mj C{X hnZKv≤-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp∂ CXc 

hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn®v B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv F\n-°-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-n-ń-√. 

am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbm-kv _m¿ F{_mb BZn-bmb Nne ]q¿∆-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ 

Ign-m¬, ]n≥X-e-ap-d-I-fn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-´p≈ AXn-hn-Z-Kv≤-\mb Hcp 

kpdn-bm\n `mjm-]-fin-X-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n. Cu \mńepw ioa-cm- 

Py-ß-fnepw Xs‚ ImeØp e`y-am-bn-cp∂ kIe kpdn-bm\n thZ-imkv{X 

-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw At±lw hmbn®p ]Tn-®n-´p≠mbn-cp-∂p. CXn-s‚sb√mw 

ê-ambn hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At±lw cNn-®n´p≈ {KŸßfpw 

hnh¿Ø\ {KŸ-ßfpw C∂v k`bv°v Hcp imiz-X-\n[n-bm-Wv. 

]. _mhm- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w Fs‚ ssii-h-Imew 

apX¬Xs∂ Bcw-`n-®-Xm-Wv. A∂v At±lw HutK≥ dºm-\m-Wv. 

F∂m¬ Fs‚ IpSpw-_-hp-am-bp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ _‘w AXn\pw 

]e kwh-’-c-ßƒ ap≥t] Bcw-`n-®-Xm-Wv. sNdp-∏-Im-e-Øp-Xs∂ 

At±lw sshZnI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-th≠n BZyw injy-s∏-´Xv Fs‚ 

hµy-]n-Xm-hn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hfsc Npcp-ßnb Ime-L-´w-sIm≠p kpdn-bm- 

\n-`m-j-bnepw ]≈n- ip-{iq-j-I-fnepw kmam\yw \√ hypev]Øn kºm- 

Zn-®-ti-jw, kpdn-bm\n ]T\w Xev°mew \ndp-Øn-h-®n´v Cw•ojv ]T-\- 

Øn-\mbn tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂p. \memw-t^m-dw - 

hsc ]Tn-®-tijw At±-l-Øn\p kpdn-bm\n `mj-tbmSpw Cu k`m-hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-tfmSpw 

tXm∂n-bn-cp∂ AXn-cp-I-hn BZ-c-hns‚ êambn 

hnip-≤-\m-Sp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂v B{Klw tXm∂p-I-bpw, 

Aßs\ tIhew Ccp-]Xp hb- p-am{Xw {]mb-ap≈ aØmbn siΩmi≥ 

]e-kvXo≥ \m-ń-tebv°p ]pd-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tIhew hnip- 

≤-\mSp kµ¿i\w am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ At±-l-Øns‚ e£yw. ]e kwh- 

’-c-°mew B \mńse {][m-\-s∏´ ÿe-ß-fnepw ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw 

Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw C°m-e-sa√mw AhnsS e`y-amb ]pcm-X\ thZ-im-kv{X 

-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw a‰pw hmbn-®pw, ]fin-X-∑m-cmb ]e ]nXm-°-∑m¿°p injys∏´pw 

kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bnepw thZ-im-kv{X-Ønepw AKm-[-amb 


]mfinXyw kºm-Zn-°pIbpw sNbvXp. A∂v AhnsS am¿ A_vZ¬a- 

in-lm, am¿ A_vZp≈m F∂o c≠p-t]¿ ]m{Xn-b¿°m -knwlm-k-\- 

Øn\v Ah-Im-in-I-fm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu c≠p ]m{Xnb¿°o-kp-am-cpambpw 

Xncp-ta\n ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, Zo¿L-Zn-h-k-ßƒ 

c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw IqsS Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw, ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-fpsS bmYm¿∞yw 

bYm-tbmKyw Bcm--dnp hnh-c-ßƒ ae--c-bnse ]nXm-°-∑msc 

Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A°m-esØ At±-l-Øns‚ 

Nne IØp-Iƒ kp{]-kn-≤-ß-fm-Wv. Cu hntZ-i-hm-k-°m-eØv am¿ 

HutK≥ F∂ ]cn-ip-≤s‚ \ma-Øn¬ Xpd-_vZo≥ {]tZ-i-Øp≈ ]pcm- 

X\ Zb-dm-bn¬ Iptd-°mew Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, B ]cn-ip-≤-s\-°pdn®v 

hn]p-e-amb ]T\w \S-Øp-Ibpw Aßs\ B ]cn-ip-≤-t\mSp 

tXm∂nb AXn-bmb `‡n-bpsS ê-ambn B ]nXm-hns\ kz¥w 

Imh¬]n-Xm-hmbn AwKoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, aØmbn F∂ kz¥w t]cpt]-£n®v 

HutK≥ F∂ t]cp kzoI-cn-°pI-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ahn-sSh-®p-Xs∂ 

Zb-dm-ÿm-\hpw kzoI-cn-®v, HutK≥ dºm-\mbn 1908 -˛¬ 

\mń¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn. 

Bcw-`-Øn¬ Ipd-®p-Imew am{Xta Xncp-ta\n Fs‚ ]nXm-hn\p injys∏-ń-cp-∂p-≈p-sh-n-epw, 

ioa-bm{X Ignp aS-ßn-sb-Øn-b-tijw 

At±lw Fs‚ ]nXm-hp-ambn hfsc ASpØp \nc-¥c kº¿°w 

]pe¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. ]mºm-°pS sse{_-dn-bnse ]pcm-X\ {KŸßƒ 

hmbn-°p-I, ]e kpdn-bm\n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Xp-I, 

kpdn-bm\n ]pkvX-I-ßƒ A®-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ klmbn-°p-I, 

Fs‚ ]nXmhv A°m-e-ß-fn¬ ioa- cm-PysØ ]e k`m-t\Xm- 

°-∑m-cp-ambn \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ IØn-S-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ klm-bn-°pI apXemb 

Bh-iy-ßƒ°p-th≠n ]e-t∏mgpw At±lw ]mºm-°pS ]≈ntaS-bn¬ 

h∂p Xma-kn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ Xma-kn-°p∂ ka-b-ßfn¬ 

Rß-fpsS hoń¬ h∂p `£Ww Ign-°p-Ibpw Rß-fpsS `h-\- 

Ønse Hcw-K-sa-∂-t]mse IpSpw-_m-wK-ß-fp-ambn ASpØ kº¿°w 

]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. A∂v Hcp sNdnb ]ø-\m-bn-cp∂ 

Fs∂ ]e-t∏mgpw hnfn®p Iq´-Øn¬ sIm≠p-\-S-°p-Ibpw ]e \√ D]tZ-i-ßfpw 

]d-p-X-cn-I-bp-sa√mw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xv Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw `‡n- 

]q¿∆w Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. ]e kµ¿`-ß-fnepw Xncp-ta\n hcp-tºmƒ Nne 

IuXp-I-h-kvXp-°ƒ sIm≠p-h∂v F\n°p kΩm-\n-°pIbpw sNøp-ambn-cp-∂p. 

Aßs\ hfsc sNdp∏w apX¬Xs∂ ]nXr-\n¿∆n-ti-j-amb 

kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-Iƒ F\n°v At±-l-tØmSv tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p. 

Fs‚ ]nXmhv tImc amØ≥ aev]m≥ A°m-esØ Hcp anI® kpdnbm\n 

`mjm-]-fin-X\pw thZ-im-kv{X-⁄-\p-am-bn-cp-s∂-nepw F\n°v 

At±-l-Øns‚ Iogn¬ Imcy-amb sshZn-I- hn-Zym-`ymkw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\p 

km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. kpdn-bm-\n-`m-j-bpsS Nne {]mcw-` -]-T-\-ßƒ am{Xw 

]Tn-°p-∂-Xnt\ km[n-®n-cp-∂p-≈p. Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw sNbvXpsIm≠n-cp∂ 

Rm≥ AXv ]q¿Øn-bm°n ]nXm-hns‚ ASp-°¬ kpdnbm-\n 

-]-Tn-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-®-t∏m-tg°v \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ At±lw \ncym- 

http://www.malankaraorthodox.tv/



16 

X-\m-Ip-hm-\m-Wn-S-bm-b-Xv. Xs‚ A¥y-tcm-Km-h-ÿ-bn¬, Xs‚ sFln- 

I-Po-hnXw GXm≠v Ah-km-\n-°p-hm≥ t]mIp-∂p F∂pw F\n-°m-hiy-amb 

sshZnI hnZym-`ymkw \evIp-hm≥ Xs∂-s°m≠p km≤y-am-hp- 

I-bn-s√∂pw tXm∂n-Øp-S-ßn-b-t∏mƒ, Xs‚ \ncym-W-Øn\v GXm\pw 

Znhkw apºv At±lw Xs‚ injy-{]-ap-J-\mb Cu Xncp-ta-\n-sb- ˛ A∂v 

At±lw I≠-\m-Sv C-S-h-I-bpsS am¿ Xntam-Ø-ntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo- 

Øm-bm-Wv- ˛ -hn-fn-®p-h-cp-Øn, Fs‚ sshZn-I -hn-Zym-`ymk Npa-Xe Xncpta-\nsb 

Gev]n-°pI-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Ft∂mSp IpSpw_ Npa-X-e-Ifpw 

a‰pw Dt]-£n-®p-t]mepw Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sS-IqsS t]mbn Xma-kn®p ]Tn-®psIm-≈-W-sa∂p 

\n¿t±-in-°pIbpw sNbvXp. Aß-s\-bmWp Rm≥ Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

injy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂Xv. ]nXm-hns‚ \ncym-Wm-\-¥cw Aev]- 

Imew Ignp Rm≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bmbn ]e 

sIm√-ßƒ IqsS Xma-kn®p ]Tn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Aßs\ `{Zmk\ 

`c-W-kw-_-‘-amb hf-sc-b-[nIw bm{X-Ifpw a‰p _≤-∏m-Sp-I-fp-ap- 

≠m-bn-cp∂ Xncp-ta-\n, AXn-s\-√m-an-S-bn¬ Znh-khpw Ipd-®p- k-a-b-sa- 

nepw F\n-°p-th≠n sNe-hn-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw bm{Xm-at≤y 

h≠n-bnepw h≈-Øn-ep-sa√mw h®m-bn-cn°pw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Aßs\ 

C∂v kpdn-bm-\n -`mjm kw_-‘-amtbm thZ-im-kv{X-]-c-amtbm k`m- 

Ncn-{X-]-c-amtbm F√mw ]cn-an-X-amb tXmXn-se-nepw F\n-°p≈ ]cn- 

⁄m-\-Øn\p Rm≥ ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp IS-s∏-´-h-\msW-∂p≈ 

hkvXp-X, kvt\l-\n¿`-c-amb `‡ym-Z-c-hp-I-tfmsS CØ-cp- 

W-Øn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. 

Xncp-ta\n hnip-≤-\m-Sp-I-fnse k©m-chpw ]T-\-hp-sa√mw Ignv 

HutK≥ dºm-\mbn \mń¬ aS-ßn-sbØn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p 

apºv ae--c-k-`-bn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo- 

Ømsb ]m{Xnb¿°okv _mhm apS-°n-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂p≈ `n∂-X-bmcw-`n-®p. 

AhnSw apX¬ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bm-bn-cp- 

∂p-sIm≠v 1942 -˛¬ aqhm-‰p-]p-g- h®v ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv 

ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmsb ]c-ky-ambn kzoI-cn® ka-bw-h-scbp≈ 

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k`m-kw-_-‘-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw 

]q¿∆m-]-chn-cp-≤-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂pw, k`m-kw-_-‘-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ 


Hcp Dd® \ne-]m-Sn-√mØ Hcp hnhmZ ]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-sb∂pw 

]ecpw Btcm-]n-°m-dp-≠v. tIhew _mly-Zr-„n-bn¬ am{Xw ho£n°p- 

∂-h¿°v Cu Btcm-]-W-Øn¬ Ipsd-sb√mw Ig-ºp-≈-Xmbn tXm∂mhp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 

F∂m¬ Bcw-`-Im-ew apX-ep≈ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k`m-]c-amb 

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS D≈n-tebv°v Aev]w Npgn-n-dßn ]cn-tim- 

[n-°p-∂-]£w Bcw-`w- ap-X¬Xs∂ Ahn-Sp∂p ae-c kpdn-bm-\n-k-`- 

bpsS bYm¿∞ {InkvXob ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ bYm-tbmKyw {Kln®p XZ-\pk-c-W-amb 

Hcp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂p F∂pw, B \ne-]m-Sns‚ hnPb-Øn-\p-th≠n 

Hmtcm kµ¿`-Ønepw Xs‚ {][m\ e£y-Øn¬ \n∂p 

hyXn-N-en-°m-sX, F∂m¬ kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw Nne \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ kzoIcn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p 

F∂pw t_m≤y-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hkvXp-X-bpsS 

bmYm¿∞yw bYmtbmKyw {Kln-°-W-sa-n¬, GXm≠v Hcp \q‰m-≠p- 

Imew ap≥]p apX¬ Cu k`-bn-ep-≠m-bn-´p≈ Nne kw`-h-hn-Im-k-ß-fnte°v 

H∂p Xncn-p-t\m-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-amWv. 

Hcp \q‰m≠p ap≥]v, AXm-bXv F. Un. 1876- ˛¬, A∂sØ 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ ]. ]t{Xmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm 

ae--c-k` kµ-¿in-°p-I-bpw, apf-¥p-cpØn kp∂-l-tZmkv hgn-bmbpw 

a‰pw Cu k`-bn¬ Nne `c-W-{I-ao-I-c-W-ßƒ°p {]mcw-`-an-Sp-I-bpw, 

At¥ym-Jym- knw-lm-k-\-hp-am-bp≈ Cu k`-bpsS _‘w IqSp-X¬ 

_e-h-Øm-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw aS-ßp-I-bp-≠m-bn. A∂v ]uckvXy 

ImtXm-en°m C√mØ Ime-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. B ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 1894 -˛¬ 

\ncym-X-\m-bn. XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn Hcmsf Xnc-s- 

SpØv ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNøn-®Xv GIm-`n-{]m-b-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂n-√. am¿ 

]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv \ncym-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ ssIam-Jm-ambn \nb-an-X- 

\m-bXp am¿ Iqdn-temkv Koh-dp-Kokv Fs∂mcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbmbncp∂p. 

A∂sØ taev]´-°m-cn¬ At±lw F√m \ne-bnepw 

s]mXp-P-\ -k-Ω-X-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬, Xnc-s-Sp-∏n-\p≈ kp∂-l-tZmkp 

IqSn-b-t∏mƒ BZyta At±-l-Øn-s‚ -t]-cmWp ]m{Xn-b¿°m- ÿm-\tØbv°v 

GIm-`n-{]m-b-a-mbn \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´-Xv. F∂m¬ At±-lw, Cu 

kap-∂X ]Z-hn°p Xm≥ A¿l-\√ F∂p ]dv kzbw- ]n-∑m-dn. hfsc 

i‡n-]q¿∆w- \n¿_-‘n-®n´pw At±lw hg-ßm-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ho≠pwa-s‰m-cm-fpsS 

t]cv \n¿t±-in-t°≠n h∂p. At∏mƒ ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fmbn 

cwK-Øp-h-∂Xv, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv A_vZ¬ ain-lm, am¿ {KntKmdntbmkv 

A_vZp-≈m, am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv _l\mw F∂o aq∂p t]cmbn-cp-∂p. 

Ch-cn¬ Ipsd-°mew ap≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn-cn-°pIbpw 

At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS ae-c kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw a‰pw 

sNbvX am¿ A_vZp≈m kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Xnc-s-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂p 

]ecpw {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-s∂-n-epw, Xnc-s-Sp∏p \S-∂-t∏mƒ, Npcp-ßnb 

`qcn-]-£-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-sW-nepw Xnc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´Xv am¿ A_vZ¬ 

ainlmbmbn-cp-∂p. am¿ A_vZp≈mbv°p c≠mw ÿm\hpw am¿ _l- 

\m-an\p aq∂mw ÿm\-hpta e`n-®p-≈p. AX-\p-k-cn®v am¿ A_vZ¬ 

ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. 



18 

XpS¿∂v kp¬Øms‚ A[n-Im-c-]-{X-amb ^¿am\pw At±-l-Øn\p 

\evI-s∏-´p. Xp¿°n- cm-PyØv A°m-eØp k`m-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v, 

k`m-`-cW kw_-‘-amb euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒ {]tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-n¬ 

Cu ^¿am≥ IqSmsX km≤y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kw`-hsØ XpS¿∂v 

]m{Xn-b¿°m Xnc-s-Sp-∏n¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\mb am¿ A_vZp≈m sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm, 

Cu k` -hn´p tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m -k-`-bn¬ tN¿∂p. Cu 

kw`-h-Øn-\v, At±lw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tdmam-k-`-bn¬ tN¿∂n-√m 

F∂pw, GtXm Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Xp¿°n Kh-s◊‚ns‚ A{]o-Xn°p 

]m{X-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Kh-s◊‚ns‚ ]oU-\-Øn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sphm≥th≠n 

A∂sØ {^©v tIm¨k-ens\ A`-bw -{]m-]n-®v, Xm≥ 

tdma≥ ItØm-en-°m -k-`mw-K-am-sW∂p `mhn-®-tX-bp≈p F∂psamcp 

`mjyhp-ap-≠v. AXn-s‚-sb√mw bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ Fß-s\-bp-am-I-s´. 1905- 

˛¬ am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ^¿am≥ Xp¿°n Khs◊‚ 

v ]n≥h-en-®p. A[nI Ime-Xm-a-k-sat\y am¿ A_vZp≈m sa{Xmt∏m-eoØm 

tdmam- k-`-bn¬\n∂p Xncn-®p-h∂v Hcp kndn-b≥ Hm¿ØtUm-Ivkv 

-]-≈n-bn¬ ]c-ky-ambn hn. Ip¿_m\ A¿∏n®p. am¿ A_vZ¬ 

ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ^¿am≥ d±m-°n-b-Xp-aqew At±-l-Øns‚ 

Khs◊‚w-Ko-Imcw \„s∏-´-Xn-\m¬, ]q¿Æ-amb Kh-s◊‚w-Ko-Im-ctØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, 

k`m-`-c-W-kw-_-‘-amb euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒIqSn {]tbm- 

K-n°Ø-°-\n-e-bn¬ Hcmƒ Bh-iy-am-b-Xn\m¬, ho≠pw ]m{Xn-b¿°m 

Xnc-s-Sp-∏v -\-S-Øp-hm≥ \n›-bn-®p. AXn-\p-th≠n kp∂-l-tZm-kv- 

Iq-Sn. B kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ am¿ A_vZp≈m sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm GIm-`n- 

{]m-b-ambn Xnc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p. DS-s\-Xs∂ At±lw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn 

hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xp¿°n Kh-s◊‚n¬\n-∂p≈ ^¿am\pw 

\evI-s∏-´p. Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ B ImeØv ae--c-k-`-bpsS \mhmbn 

{]kn≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ ""ae-c CS-h-I-]-{XnI'' F∂ amkn-IbpsS 

B ImesØ e°-ß-fn¬ \n∂p {Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

Aßs\ ]m{Xn-b¿°m -knw-lm-k-\-Øn-\-h-Im-in-I-fmbn Htc kabØp 

c≠p -t]-cp-≠m-bn. am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒ 

\„-s∏´ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-sk∂ \ne-bn-epw, am¿ A_vZp≈ Khs◊‚wKoIm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn 

euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒ IqSn \S-Øp-hm≥ A[n- 


Im-c-ap≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-sk∂ \ne-bnepw Ignph∂p. F∂m¬ ae- 

-c-k` [cn-®-Xv, AYhm ae--c-k-`sb [cn-∏n-®-Xv, am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm 

]m{Xn-b¿°okns\ aZy-]m-\w, k`m-\n-b-a-ßƒs°-Xn-cmb Zp¿`-cWw apXemb 

Imc-W-ß-fm¬ \nb-am-\p-k-cWw kp∂-l-tZm-kv IqSn apS°n 

ÿm\{`-„-\m-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v Xp¿°n Kh-s◊‚ v ^¿am≥ ]n≥hen-°p-I-bpw, 

ho≠pw kp∂-l-tZm-kv IqSn am¿ A_vZp-≈msb Xnc-s- 

SpØp hmgn-°p-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-sX-∂pw, X∑qew icn-bmb ÿm\-km- 

[p-Xz-ap≈ GI ]m{Xn-b¿°okv A_vZp≈ am{X-am-sW∂pw a‰p-am-bncp∂p. 

GXm-bmepw ae--c-k` B ImeØv icn-bmb At¥ymJym ]m{Xnb¿°o-kmbn 

AwKo-I-cn-®Xv am¿ A_vZp-≈m-sb-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l- 

Øn¬ \n∂m-Wt√m h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw 

sIm®p-]-d-ºn¬ am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta-\nbpw ÿm\-ta-‰Xpw a‰pw. 

A[nI Ime-Xm-a-kw -Iq-SmsX At±lw aec kµ¿in-°pI-bpw, 

bYm¿∞ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn Cu k` At±-lsØ kzoI-cn®p _lpam-\n-°pIbpw 

sNbvXp. Ime-Xm-a-k-sat\y At±lw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncpta-\nsb 

apS-°n. XpS¿∂v Cu k`-bn¬ `n∂-X-bp-am-bn. 

CXn\p]cn A\p-kva-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw ]. HutK≥ _mhm siΩm- 

»-\mbn ioa-cm-Py-ßƒ kµ¿in-®Xp ta¬]d c≠p ]m{Xn-b¿°ok-∑mcpw 

AhnsS Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-embncp∂p. A°m-eØv 

At±-l-Øns‚ B {]tZ-i-ß-fnse hn]p-e-amb k©m-chpw At\z-j- 

W-ßfpw ]T-\-hpw, Cu c≠p ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cpambn t\cn´p 

]pe¿Øp-hm-\n-S-bmb kº¿°hpw a‰pw hgn-bm-bn, am¿ A_vZ¬ avinlm 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ kp∂-l-tZmkp IqSn ÿm\-{`wiw sNbvXp F∂ 

Btcm-]Ww ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW-∂pw, At±lw Nne Imc-W-ßfm¬ 

Xp¿°n Kh-s◊‚ns‚ A{]o-Xn°p ]m{X-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ 

tIhew ^¿am≥ ]n≥h-en-°pI am{Xta D≠m-bn-´p≈p F∂pw a\- nem-°p-hm-\n-S-bm-bn. 

At±-lsØ At∏mgpw Bflo-b-\n-e-bn¬ ]m{Xnb¿°o-kmbn 

B {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ F√m-hcpw ]cn-K-Wn®v BZ-cn-®n-cp-∂p. 

Bflo-b-ambn ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-\SpØ ]e Imcy-ßfpw At±lw \n¿∆ln-°pIbpw 

sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. CuZri hkvXp-X-I-sf√mw a\- nem-°nb 

Xncp-ta-\n, am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm _mhmsb icn-bmb ÿm\ 

km[p-Xz-ap≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn A°mew apX¬Xs∂ BZ-cn-®n-cp∂p. 

Imt\m-\n-I-ambpw k`m-]m-c-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®pw ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbpsS 

`c-W-]-cn-[n-bn-epƒs∏-Sp∂ ae--c-k-`, A°m-eØp t]¿jym 

cmPyØp \ne-hnen-√msX Ah-ti-jn-®n-cp∂ ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w 

ae--c-bn-te°p am‰n ÿm]n-®m¬ sIm≈m-sa∂v B{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠n- 


cp∂ Ime-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hnj-bhpw Xncp-ta\n c≠p ]m{Xn-b¿°o- 

k-∑m-cp-ambn N¿®- sN-bvXp. ae--c-bn-tebv°p Nne IØp-Iƒ X’w- 

_-‘-ambn Ab-®n-cp∂ Imcyw ]e¿°pw Adn-bm-hp∂ hkvXp-X-bmWv. 

am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--c-bn-tebv°p ImtXm-en°m 

knwlm-k\w am‰n ÿm]n-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ A\p-Iq-en-bpw, F∂m¬ 

am¿ A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv AXn\p {]Xn-Iq-en-bp-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p 

Xncp-ta-\n°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-®-Xv. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWp



20 

Xncp-ta\n ]e-kvXo≥\mSv kµ¿i\w Ignv HutK≥ dºm-\m-bn, 1908- 

˛¬ \mń¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn-b-Xv. 

Xncp-ta\n \mń¬ aS-ßn-sbØn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p apºp 

ae--c-k-`, {]Xn-k-‘nsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-bn. 1909 ¬ tPmk^v 

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Imew-sN-bvXp. XpS¿∂v am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂mtkymkv 

ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX am¿ 

A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Chn-sS-sb-Øn. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw 

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkpw XΩn¬ ]e Imcy-ß-fm¬ \oc-k-Øn-em-bn. 

XpS¿∂v 1911 ˛¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv, sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb apS-°n-b-tijw 

ae--c-bn¬\n∂p aS-ßn-t∏m-bn. 

Xs‚ apS°v XnI®pw AIm-c-W-sa∂p am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Ømbpw 

Cu k`-bnse Hcp \√ ]v Bfp-Ifpw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂- 

Xn-\m¬, CXn-\p≈ t]mwh-gn-sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-®-t∏m-gmWv am¿ A_vZ¬ 

ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ A`-bw- {]m-]n-°m-sa-s∂m-cm-ibw DZ-bwsNbvX-Xv. 

AXn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-hp-am-cw-`n-®p. F∂m¬ At∏m-tgbv°p ae- 

-c-k` ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp -I-£n-sb∂pw sa{Xm≥ I£n-sb∂pw c≠mbn 

]nf¿∂p-I-gn-n-cp-∂p. I≠-\m-Sv, A-am-en, sIm®n F∂o hS-°≥ 

`{Zm-k-\-ßƒ GXm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambpw, tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\-Ønse AK- 

Wy-a-√mØ Hcp hn`m-Khpw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -I-£n-bn¬ Dd®p \nesIm≠p. 

sX°≥ `{Zm-k-\-ßƒ an°-hmdpw sa{Xm≥ I£n-bnepw Dd®p 

\n∂p. Cu I£nXn-cn-hn¬, Hcp hS-°-\mb HutK≥ dºm\pw ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-I-£n-bmbn Xs∂ \ne-sIm-t≈≠ kml-N-cy-am-Wp-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. 

Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv 1912 ˛¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw 

A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-{i-a-^-e-am-bn, am¿ 

A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--c-bn¬ BK-X-\m-b-Xv. At±lw 

kp∂-l-tZm-kn\m¬ apS°n _ln-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, X∑qew Bflob- 

\-evhcw \„-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX Bfm-sW∂v Cu k`- t\-csØ kzoIcn® 

\ne-]m-Sn¬ Dd®p\n∂p-sIm-≠v, ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -I-£n-°m¿ At±lsØ 

kzoI-cn-®n-√. F∂m¬ ""hnizm-k-Øn¬ `n∂-Xbn''√mXn-cn-s°, 

kzm¿∞-Xbpw A[n-Im-c-{`-ahpw aqew Hcp knwlm-k-\-Øn\p c≠p ]m{Xnb¿°o-k-∑mtcm 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mtcm hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-S-bm-bm¬, 

BZy-sØ-bmƒ `cWw \S-Øp-Ibpw c≠m-a≥ {]hr-Øn-c-ln-X-\m-bn-cn- 

°bpw sNø-Ww (lqZm-b 7:1) F∂ Imt\m≥ \n¿t±-isØ Ahew_n®psIm≠v, 

sa{Xm≥ I£n-°m¿ Imt\m-\nI ]m{Xnb¿°okv F∂ 

\ne-bn¬ At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-®p. At±lw am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 

apS°p Xo¿Øp. 


am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ Imew apX¬Xs∂ ChnsS B{Kln-®n-cp-∂-{]-Im-cw, 

t]¿jym -cm-PyØp ]n≥Xp-S¿®-°m-cn-√msX Ahti-jn-®n-cp∂ 

]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w ae--c-bn-tebv°p 

am‰n ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \nc-W-Øp -h®v 

apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]uckvXy 

ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn hmgn-®p. Xs‚ ]e-kvXo≥ \mSv kµ¿i-\-Im-eØv 

am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-s\-°p-dn®v e`n-®n-cp∂ bYm¿∞ 

hnh-c-ßfpw At±-l-tØmSp tXm∂n-bn-cp∂ `‡nbpw Bkv]-Z-am°nbpw 

ae--c-bn¬ ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w ÿm]n®p ImW-W-sa∂v X\n- 

°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ AXn-bmb B{K-l-Øns‚ t{]c-W-bm-epw, {]tXy-In®p 

ÿm\-ta¬°p∂ Bƒ, kz]n-Xm-hns‚ Kpc-psh∂ \nebn¬ X\n°v 

IqSp-X¬ BZ-c-Wo-b-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-epw, Chn-SpsØ I£n `n∂-Xbpw 

a‰pw Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- Hu-tK≥ dºm≥ \nc-WØp t]mbn B ÿm\mtcm-lW 

ip{iq-j-bn¬ kw_-‘n-®p. hS-°≥ {]tZisØ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

I£nbpsS a≤y-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p Pohn-t°-≠nbn-cp∂ At±l-Øns‚ 

Cu {]hrØn Xo¿®-bmbpw Aev]w Hcp IS∂ ssIbm-bncp∂p. 

F∂m¬ XpS¿∂-t±lw kz¥w \mń¬ h∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

I£n-bmbn Xs∂ {]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. At∏m-tg°v I≠-\mSv, 

A-amen `{Zm-k\ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]e-hn[ {InkvXob {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ 

At±lw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. 

hS-Ic tI{µ-am°n A[x-Ir-X -h¿§-°m-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ kphn-tij 

{]h¿Ø-\-amWv At±lw BZy-ambn Bcw-`n-®-Xv. hfsc Bfp-Isf 

At±lw amtΩm-Zokm \¬In k`-bn¬ tN¿Øp. XpS¿∂v hS-°≥ {]tZi-ß-fn¬ 

hfsc hnc-f-am-bn-cp∂ hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-°p- 

∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-ambn. C∂sØ hS-Ic sslkvIqƒ At±-l-Øns‚ 

kz¥w ]cn-{i-a-^-e-amWv. ]nd-hw, tIme-t©cn apX-emb sslkvIq-fp- 

I-fpsS ÿm]-\-Ønepw B ImeØv At±lw D’m-ln-®n-cp-∂p. k`bnse 

A∂sØ I£n `n∂-X-bn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv I£n-bmbn Dd®p 

\ne-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬, CuZri {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hnPb-Øn\v 

B I£n-bn¬ Xs∂ Dd®p {]h¿Øn-t°-≠Xv Hcm-h-iy-ambn 

cp-∂-XpsIm≠pIq-Sn-bmWv At±lw B \ne-]m-Sv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. …o_m- 

Zmk kaq-l-Øns‚ {]mcw-`-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw ÿm]-I\pw Bb ]t{Xmkv 

am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw IpSpw-_hpw Bcw-`- 

ImeØv sa{Xm≥ I£n-bn¬ Dd®p \n∂-h-cm-bn-cp-s∂-nepw hS-°≥ 

CS-h-I-I-fnse kphn-tij {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kp-Ka-amb \S-Øn-∏n-\pth≠n 

At±lw _mhm I£n-bn¬ \n∂v Iio-im-]´w kzoI-cn® kw`hw 

CtX-\n-e-bn¬ Xs∂ D≈ H∂m-W-t√m. At±lw Aßs\ sNbvXXv 



22 

Bcw-`-Im-eØv …o_m-Zmkkaq-l -{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønepw kl-I-c-Whpw 

{]tNm-Z-\hpw \¬In-bn-cp∂ HutK≥ dºms‚ Xs∂ D]-tZ-im-\p-kcWhpam-bn-cp-∂p. 

Cßs\ Imew apt∂m´p \oßsh 1927 ¬ HutK≥ dºm≥ I≠- 

\mSv `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\-tØ°v \ma-\n¿t±iw sNø-s∏- 

Sp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v bdp-i-te-an¬ h®v am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv F∂ 

t]cn¬ am¿ Gen-bmkv {XnXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mh-mbn¬ \n∂pw 

sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w G¬°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXpw A∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

I£n-bn¬ Dd®p\n∂n-cp∂ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ kpK-a-amb `c- 

W-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn\v Hcm-h-iy-am-bn-cp∂p. XpS¿∂v {]kvXpX `{Zm-k\ 

`cWw, ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂- \n-e-bn¬ 

hnP-b-I-c-ambn \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. 

1912 se k`m `n∂-Xsb XpS¿∂v Cu \ne-bnse√mw At±lw 

{]h¿Øn-®n-cp-s∂-nepw k`m Ncn-{X-]-c-ambpw thZ-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bpap≈ 

Xs‚ XnI hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]tXy-In®v, ]e-kvXo≥ \mńse 

]cy-S-\-Im-eØv kw`-h-ß-fpsS bmYm¿∞y-ßsf°pdn®v X\n°v t\cn´p 

e`n-®n-cp∂ Adn-hn-s‚bpsa√mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ am¿ A_vZ¬ ainlm 

icn-bmb Bflob \¬h-c-ap≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Xs∂-bm-sW-∂pw, 

X∑qew At±-l-Øns‚ kl-I-c-W-tØmSp IqSn ChnsS ÿm]n-X-amb 

ImtXm-en°m ÿm]\w XnI®pw A\yq-\-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ Dƒt_m[w 

F∂pw Xncp-ta-\nsb `c-n®n-cp-∂p. Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ Iptd-s»-bmbn Bfp- 

Isf [cn-∏n®v Ah-cpsS I£n sshcmKyw eLp-s∏-Sp-Øns°m≠p-h-cp- 

∂-Xn\pw Xncp-ta\n Ign-hp-t]mse ]cn-{i-an-®n-cp-∂p. I≠-\mSv `{Zmk\ 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn `c-W-ta‰ tijw Xncp-ta\n k¿∆ {]m[m\yw 

\¬In ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp Imcyw, ae--c-k-`-bnse I£n `n∂X 

Fß-s\bpw Ah-km-\n-∏n®v kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. 

AXn-\p-th≠n Xncp-ta\n \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ \nc-h[n ITn\ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn¬ 

]e-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw A°meß-fn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bmbncp∂ 

F\n°v t\cn-´-dn-hp-≈-XmWv. A∂sØ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ 

am¿ At{]w {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bp-ambn Xncp-ta\n hf-sc-b-[nIw IØn-S-]m- 

Sp-Ifpw CXv kw_-‘n®p \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p. CXn-s‚-sb-√mw ê-ambn 

Chn-SpsØ ImtXm-en°m ÿm]-\sØ Xm≥ AwKo-I-cn-°m-sa∂pw 

F∂m¬ AXv ChnsS \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v {][m\ Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln® am¿ 

A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv apS-°p-aqew Bflob \¬hcw \„s∏´ 

Bfm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ct∏m-gsØ ImtXm-en°m c≠m-aXv ssIhbv∏p 

kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-sW-∂p-ap≈ Xs‚ A¥y Xocp-am\w 


am¿ At{]w ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Adn-bn®p. CXv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ 

Xs‚ kz¥w A`n-{]m-b-Øn\v tN¿∂-X-√m-bn-cp-s∂-nepw a‰v am¿§sam∂pw 

Cs√∂p≈ \nebn¬ CsX-nepw Fß-s\bpw km[n®p k`bn¬ 

kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°-W-sa-∂p≈ ZrV-\n-›-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xncpta\n 

apt∂m-´p-\oßn. 

A∂sØ ImtXm-en-°m-bm-bn-cp∂ am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-bs\ ]e 

{]mhiyw t\cn-´p -I≠v Btem-N-\- \-S-Øn. Ah-km\w Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

\n¿_-‘-Øn-s‚-bpw, Fß-s\bpw kam-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn-°-≠m¬ sIm≈msa-∂p≈ 

kz¥ A`n-em-j-Øn-s‚bpw ê-am-bn, ImtXm-en°m _mhm 

Gsd-°psd AXn\p kΩ-Xn-®p. A∂v B hnip≤ ]nXmhv Iev]n®p 

\evInb ad-p]Sn C∂pw Fs‚ sNhn-I-fn¬ apg-ßp-I-bm-Wv. ""sa{Xm®m! 

Fs‚ ÿm\-Øn\p Fs¥-nepw \yq\-X-bp-≈-Xmbn F\n°v Atijw 

t_m≤y-an-√. Aßs\ t_m≤y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-n¬ tIhew {]uVn-°pth≠n 

am{Xw Cu thjw [cn-°p-∂-h-\√ Rm≥. F∂m¬ k`-bnse 

kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-th≠n F¥p XymKhpw kln-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ k∂-≤- 

\m-Wv. \nßƒs°ms° \n¿_-‘-am-sW-n¬, tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]- 

Is‚ apºn¬ tbip-{InkvXp sNbvX-Xp-t]m-se, Rm≥ BcpsS apºn¬ 

thW-sa-nepw Xe Ip\n-®p-sIm-Sp-°mw. k∂-≤-X-bp-≈-h¿ Fs‚ Xebn¬ 

ssIh-bv°p-Itbm F¥p-th-W-sa-nepw sNbvXp-sIm-≈-s´. AXn¬ 

Fs¥-nepw sX‰p-s≠-n¬ AXns‚ ]m]w B ssIh-bv°p-∂-h-cpsS 

Xe-bn¬ Ccn-°pw. F\n°v AXn¬ ]p-≠m-bn-cn-°-bn√'' F∂m-bn-cp∂p 

AXv. Cu kΩ-XsØ XpS¿∂mWv Xncp-ta\n ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv \S- 

Ønb Ah-km-\-tØXpw G‰w {][m-\-s∏-´-Xp-amb Bephm h´-ta-iktΩ-f-\-Øn-\p≈ 

k÷o-I-c-W-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXns‚ A¥y-Øn¬ 

]. Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm Xs‚ hm°p ]men-®psIm-≠v, 

am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂p ssIhbv]p kzoIcn-°p-hm≥ 

Xøm-dmbn Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ k∂n-ln- 

X-\m-b-Xp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Nne kmt-XnI XS- -ß-fp-sS t]cn¬ B 

kw`hw \S-°m-\n-S-bm-bn-√. Hcp]t£ AXv A¤p-X-I-c-amb Hcp ssZh- 

\n-›-b-am-bn-cn-°mw. F¥m-bmepw AtXm-Sp-IqSn Xncp-ta\n kam-[m-\- 


]cn-{i-a-ß-fn¬ XnI®pw \ncm-i-\mbn AXn¬ \n∂p ]n∑m-dn. XpS¿∂v 

Bcw`w apX-ep≈ Xs‚ at\m-t_m-≤yhpw B{K-l-hp-a-\p-k-cn®v FXn¿ 

I£n-bp-am-bn, AYhm am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmbp-am-bn, 

IqSp-X¬ Xpd∂pw ASpØpw s]cp-am-dn-Øp-S-ßn. 

CXn-\n-S-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n sa{Xm≥ÿm\ta‰ Imew-ap-X-ep≈ CuZri-amb 

]e {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw a‰pw ImcWw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv-I£n t\Xm-



24 

°-∑m-cp-tS-bpw, {]tXy-In®v A∂sØ At¥ymJym {]Xn-\n[n am¿ 

bqentbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-tS-bpw, ISpØ A{]oXn Xncp-ta\n 

kºm-Zn-®p-I-gn-n-cp-∂p. AhcpsS t{]c-W-aqew ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbn¬ 

\n∂p hna¿i-\-]-c-amb Nne Iev]-\-Iƒ h∂p-Xp-S-ßn. kp{]owtIm-SXn 

hn[n-bn¬ Ah-km-\n® kap-Zm-b-t°kv A∂v Pn√m-t°m-S-Xnbn¬ 

\S-°p∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p. AXn¬ {]Xn-`mKw km£n-∏-ń-I-bn¬ 

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t]cpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. AX-\p-k-cn®v aqhm-‰p-]pg 

Ac-a-\-bn¬h®v IΩo-j≥ apJm-¥cw Xncp-ta-\n-sb Zo¿L-ambn hnkvXcn®p. 

hnkvXm-c-at≤y C∂ I£n Pbn-°tbm tXmev°tbm sNø-Wsa∂ 

e£yw IqSm-sX, X\n°p kXy-sa∂p t_m≤y-ap≈ hkvXp-X- 

Iƒ B \ne-bn¬ Xpd∂p ]d-p- sam-gn-sIm-Sp-Øp. s]mXpth B 

samgn ]m{Xn-b¿°okv I£n°p tZmj-I-c-am-bn-cp∂p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv I£n t\Xm-°-∑m¿°v Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp≈ sshcmKyw 

iX-Kp-Wo-`-hn-®p. XpS¿∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hm-sb-s°m≠v Xncp-ta- 

\nsb apS-°n-°p-hm-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-am-bn. Cu hnj-a-k-‘n-bn-em-Wv 1942- 

˛¬ Xncp-ta-\n, ]. Kohdp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb aqhm- 

‰p-]pg ]≈n-bn¬ £Wn-®p-h-cpØn ]c-ky-ambn kzoI-cn®p I£n-am-dnb-Xv. 

At∂-Zn-hkw Xncp-ta\n aqhm-‰p-]pg ]≈n-bn¬ hnfn-®p-Iq-ńb I≠- 

\mSv `{Zm-k\ ]≈n{]Xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-K-Øn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]£tØmSp-IqSn 

]m m-°nb {]ta-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p B kzoI-cWw 

\S-∂Xpw. Fnepw B `qcn-]£ ]n¥pW \o≠p-\n-ev°p-hm-\n-S-bm-bn√ 

F∂Xv \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. XpS¿∂v A[nI Ime- 

Xmakw IqSmsX ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm, Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°n. Fnepw 

I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Ønse AK-Wy-a-√mØ Hcp hn`mKw ]´-°m-cp-sSbpw 

P\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]n≥Xp-W-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xncp-ta\n ASn-]-X-dm-sX, ImtXmen°m 

knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ Iogn¬ Dd-®p-Xs∂ \ne-sIm-≠p. AhnSw 

apX¬ 1958 se k`m-k-am-[m-\w-h-sc-bp≈ \o≠ ]Xn-\mdp kwh-’-c- 

°mew Xncp-ta\n A\p-`-hn® {]bm-k-ßƒ°pw bmX-\-Iƒ°pw IW- 

°n-√. tZl-]o-U-\w-hsc kln-t°≠n h∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ kphn-Zn-X-am- 

W-t√m. Ah-km\w 1958- ˛se kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n-sb- Xp-S¿∂v k`mkam- 

[m-\-ap-≠mbn. AtXm-Sp-IqSn A∂p-hsc ]m{Xn-b¿°okv I£n-Iƒ, 

tIhew ]´-Xz-an-√mØ hr≤≥ ]p∂q-km-Wv, icn-bmb \evh-c-ap≈ Hcp 

sa{Xms‚ ssIsb-nepw Xe-bn-sem-∂p-h-bv°msX At±-l-Øn\p ÿm\km-[p-Xz-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√ 

Fs∂√mw ]dp ]p—n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-h¿, 

Hcp \nan-jw-sIm≠v bmsXmcp \yq\-X-bpan-√mØ tamdm≥ am¿ _t - 

en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°m-bm-sW∂pw 

k»n-c-Iºw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. CsX√mw tI´pw hniz-kn®pw AXns‚ 


]n∂n¬ hmin-tbmsS \ne-sIm-≠n-cp∂ km[m-c-W -P-\-ß-sf√mw 

A¤pX-kvX-_v[-cm-bn-t∏m-bn. F¥m-bmepw AtXm-Sp-IqSn Ipd-®p-Im-etØ-bvs°-nepw 

k`-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ kam-[m-\hpw im¥-Xbpw Ifnbm-Sn. 

CXn¬ G‰w IqSp-X¬ kt¥m-jn-®Xv Xo¿®-bm-bpw sNdp-∏-Imew 

apX¬Xs∂ X∂n¬ \nd-p-\n-∂n-cp∂ kam-[m\ hmRvO {]mtbm-Kn- 

I-am-bn-Øo¿∂p I≠, am¿ HutK≥ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo- 

Øm-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. 

Cßs\ ae--c-k-`-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ kam-[m\w ssIh-∂p-sh-nepw 

Xncp-ta-\nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw B kam-[m\w ]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-`h-s∏-Sm≥ 

Ipsd Ime-Xm-akw IqSn th≠n-h-∂p. 1958 -˛se ]c-kv]c 

kzoI-c-Whpw XpS¿∂p\S∂ ]pØ≥Imhv Atkm-tky-j≥ ktΩ-f- 

\hpw Ign--ti-jw, ap≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -I-£n-bn¬ \n∂n-cp∂ sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Ø-∑m¿°pw 

`c-W-Øn-\p≈ `{Zm-k-\-ßƒ Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p∂ 

{]iv\w h∂-t∏mƒ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Øn\p am{Xw HutK≥ am¿ Xntam- 

Øn-tbm-kv, ]utemkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv F∂o c≠p-t]¿ Ah-Imin-Ifmbn´p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 

CXn\p ]e t]mwh-gn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw ]. F∏nkvtIm-∏¬ 

kp∂-l-tZmkv Nn¥n-°-bp-≠m-sb-n-epw, Ah-km\w c≠p 

t]tc-bpw-IqSn B `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ kl-sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-cmbn \nban-°-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 

AXm-bXv `{Zm-k\ `c-W-kw-_-‘-amb kIe Imcyßfpw 

c≠p-t]cpw tbmPn®p ssIIm-cyw- sN-ø-Ww. Cu hyh-ÿnXn 

s]s´-∂p- Xs∂ A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-´p. c≠p Xncp-ta-\namcpw 

XΩn¬ `n∂-X-bn-em-bn. {]iv\w F∏-nkvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ 

]cn-K-W-\bv°p h∂p. At∏m-tgbv°p am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏meoØm 

sX°pw -h-S-°p-ap≈ ap≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv I£n-bnse Xo{hhmZn-I-fm-bn-cp∂ 

Hcp AXr]vX hn`m-KsØ kwL-Sn-∏n-®v 1958 Unkw- 

_¿ 16- \p tIm´bw ]gb skan-\mcn Nm∏-ense aZv_-lm-bn¬h®p \S- 

Ønb ]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-sa∂ NSßv k`-bnse I£n-a-’-c-Øn¬ 

AS-hp-am-‰p-∂-Xn\v Ah-kcw e`n-°phm≥th≠n {]tbm-Kn-® Hcp X{¥w 

am{X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n®p-sIm-≠v, At¥ym-Jy≥ 

aqhvsa‚ v Fs∂mcp {]ÿm-\-hp-am-bn, k`m-k-am-[m-\-Øn\p hncp-≤-amb 

Hcp \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®p-I-gn-n-cp-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv _m-hm-bn¬ \n∂v 

A{X {]Xy-£-am-bn-´-s√-n-epw, ]tcm-£-ambn B hn`m-KsØ t{]m’mln-∏n-°p∂ 

Nne \o°-ßfpw D≠mIm-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Fnepw ap≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

I£n-bnse a‰p- sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcmcpw CXns\ A\p-Iqen-®n√ 

F∂Xp {]tXyIw {it≤b-am-Wv. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ê-ambn am¿ 

]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb kkvs]≥Up sNbvXp-sIm-≠pw, 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ]q¿Æ-ambn B `{Zm-k-\ - 



26 

`-cWw Gev]n-®p-sIm≠pw ]. kp∂-l-tZmkn\v Hcp Xocp-am\w sNtø- 

≠n-h∂p. Aßs\ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ ho≠pw Akz-ÿ-X-bmbn. 

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 

ITn-\-amb FXn¿∏ns\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v hfsc t¢in-®n-´m-sW- 

nepw Xncp-ta-\n, C∂p ImWp∂ aqhm‰p]pg `{Zm-k\ Ac-a-\-s°-ń-S- 

Øns‚ H∂mw \ne-bpsS ]Wn- ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bXv. Cß-s\ -ap-t∂m-´pt]m-Ith 

1962 ¬ Xncp-ta\n ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ 

ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hm-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn Xnc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p. Fnepw 

I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ \ne-bn¬ aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a- 

\-bn¬Øs∂ Xmakw XpS¿∂p. 1964 -˛¬ `mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb ]. 

Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm Imew sNøp-∂Xphsc Ahn-sS-Øs∂ 

Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p. _mhm Imew- sN-bvX-tXmSp IqSn, \nb-am-\p-k-cWw 

Xnc-sSp-°-s∏´ ]n≥Km-an-sb-∂-\n-e-bn¬, ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-ØmbpsS 

HutZym-KnI Npa-X-e-Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v tIm´bw ImtXm-ent°‰v 

Ac-a-\-bn-tebv°v Xmakw am‰n. A[nI Ime-Xm-akw IqSm-sX, 

ae-c F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ £Ww kzoI-cn-®v, Xncp-ta- 

\nsb ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn hmgn-°p-hm≥th-≠n, ]. bmt°m-_v -Xr-Xob≥ 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hm ChnsS k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn. A∂sØ hnL- 

Sn-X¿ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hmsb hio-I-cn®p Ipg∏w kr„n-°p-hm≥ Nne 

]cn-{i-a-ßƒ \S-Øn- t\m-°n-sb-n-epw, At±lw AXn-s\m∂pw hgßmsX, 

1958 -˛se ]c-kv]c [mc-W-Iƒ°pw hn. k`-bpsS ]mc-º-cyßƒ°pw 

XnI®pw A\p-tbm-Py-ambn ss[cy-]q¿∆w \ne-sIm-≠-Xn-\m¬, 

am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°pw Xs‚ FXn¿{]-h¿Ø-\ßƒ 

Dt]-£n®p ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bp-ambn kl-I-cn-°msX \n¿∆ml-an-√mØ 

]X-\-Øn-em-bn. Aßs\ 1964 sabv amkw 22 -˛\p tIm´bw 

am¿ Gen-bm IØo-{U-en¬ h-®v, ae--c-k-`-bm¬ `c-W-L-S-\bv°p hnt[b-ambn 

AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ {][m\ 

Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Øn¬ I£n t`Z-sat\y Cu k`-bnse kIe taev]-´-°mcp-tSbpw 

kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Xncp-ta\n ]uc-kvXy -Im-tXm-en-°mbmbn 

ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNø-s∏-´p. ]uc-kvXy -Im-tXm-en-°m knw-lmk\w 

t]¿jy-bn¬ \n∂p ae--c-bn-tebv°p am‰n ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-tijw 

hmgn-°-s∏´ \mem-asØ ImtXm-en-°-mbmWp Xncp-ta-\n-sb-n-epw, ae- 

ck`-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ sFIyhpw kam-[m-\hpw hnf-ßn-\n∂ Hc-¥-co- 

£-Øn¬ hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-S-bmb {]Ya ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn-cp∂p 

Xncp-ta-\n-sb-∂p-≈Xv AXoh {it≤bamb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

]q¿∆-Ime Ncn-{Xhpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sa√mw kq£va-\n-co- 

£-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-]£w Xo¿®-bmbpw Xncp-ta\n bYm¿∞- 


Øn¬ A¿ln-°p∂ Hc-kp-e` _lp-a-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p CsX∂p t_m≤ys∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

Cu kam-[m\w Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A¥y-Im-ew -hsc \ne-\n∂p ImWphm≥ 

`mKy-ap-≠m-bn√ F∂Xp XnI®pw tJZ-I-c-amb as‰mcp hkvXp-Xbm-Wv. 

C∂v Cu k`-bn¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ `n∂-Xbv°p Xncp-ta-\ntbm 

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ k`-bnse `c-W-k-an-Xn-Itfm 

bmsXmcp Imc-Whpw D≠m-°n-bn-´p-an-√. CXn-\p-]cn A\p-kva-cn-∏n®n-cn- 

°p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬ Xs‚ ap≥Kman-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ BZ-c-thmSpw 

kulm¿±-tØm-Spw-Iq-Sn-bmWv ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bp-ambn Xncpta\n 

CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ hfsc kulm¿±-am-bpw, 1958- ˛sebpw 

1964 -˛-sebpw ]c-kv]c [mc-W-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-a-√mØ 

bmsXm∂pw {]h¿Øn-°m-sXbpw Ign-n-cp∂ ka-b-Øm-Wv, XnI®pw 

AIm-c-W-am-bn-Øs∂ Ip{]-kn-≤-amb \º¿ 203/1960 Iev]\ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm-bn¬\n∂p hcp-hm-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. am¿tXmΩm- «o-lm-bpsS 

knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcq-V-\mb F∂ hntijWw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- 

Xns\ tNmZyw -sNbvXpsIm≠p≈ B Iev]-\-bn¬, am¿tXmΩm -«olmbv°p 

]utcm-lnXyw e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√, X∑qew At±-l-Øn\p knwlmk-\-hp-an√, 

F∂Xp am{X-am-Wt√m FXn-cmbn D∂-bn-®n-cn-°p∂ GI 

Btcm-]-Ww. Cu Btcm-]-WsØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn Xm≥ B hnti-jWw 

Dt]-£n-°p∂ ]£w, am¿tXmΩm -«o-lmbv°v ]utcm-ln-Xyan-√m-bn-cp∂p 

F∂ ISpØ thZ-hn-]-co-XsØ Xm\pw ]n≥Xm-ßn-b-Xmbn 

-h-cp-at√m F∂ Nn¥, Xncp-ta-\nsb hf-sc-b-[nIw t¢in-∏n-®p. ]e 

kplr-Øp-°fpw kap-Zmb t\Xm-°-∑mcpw k`m-k-am-[m-\sØ {]Xn 

Cß-s\-sbmcp Xmev°m-enI hn´p-ho-gvNbv°p Xncp-ta-\nsb t{]cn-∏n®p 

t\m°n-sb-nepw, Cu k`-bpsS ÿm]-I-\mb am¿tXmΩm -«o-lmsb 

Xcw-Xm-gvØn-bn-´v, Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp k`-bpsS t\XrXzw X\n-°m-h-iyan√ 

F∂ \ne-]m-Sn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]c-am-h[n hnizm-k-Zm¿Vyw {]I-S-am- 

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. 203- ˛mw \º¿ Iev]-\-bpsS bYm¿∞-e£yw Cu 

hnti-j-W-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp XS-bpI am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂p 

XpS¿∂p≈ kw`-hhn-Im-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂p ]I¬t]mse hy‡-am-bn-cn- 


°p∂ Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬, A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n ssZhm-{i-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn 

A∂p kzoI-cn® \ne-]mSv F{Xtbm icn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v BZ-c-]q¿∆w 

Rm≥ Hm¿Øp-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ê-ambn Aev]w a\xt¢-i-tØmSp 

IqSn-bmWv Xncp-ta\n Cu temI-Øn¬\n∂p bm{X-bm-Iphm-\n-S-bm-b-sX-n-epw, 

am¿ tXmΩm -«o-lm-bpsS a°-fmb ae--c-k-`m - 

k-¥m-\-ß-fp-sS Zr„n-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n ]q¿∆m-[nIw BZ-c-Wo-b-\mbn `hn- 

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Aßs\ B ]mh\ \maw ae-c kpdn-bm\n k`m-



28 

N-cn-{X-Øn¬ kph¿Æ-en-]n-I-fn¬Øs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp 

Ign-n-cn-°p-∂p. 

Cu ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv Znhw-K-X-\mbn A[n-I-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xn\p 

ap≥]p-X-s∂, Xncp-a-\- nse kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hcp 

kw£n]vX Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xp-hm≥ k∂-≤-\mbn Fs‚ bph-kvt\-ln-X≥ 

sI. hn. amΩ≥ apt∂m-´p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-P-\-I-am-Wv. aebmf 

at\m-c-a-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]- k-an-Xn-bnse Hcw-K-amb amΩ≥, B `mcn® 

Npa-X-e-Iƒ°p ]pd-ta, ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm\n k`m kw_- 

‘-amb hnhn[ cwK-ß-fn¬ D’m-l-]q¿∆w {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ 

Hcp hy‡n-bm-Wv. {]tXy-In®v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnZym¿∞n{]ÿm-\w, 

bph-P-\-{]-ÿm\w apX-emb Bflob kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-Ime-ambn 

At±lw ka¿∏-W-_p≤ym A\p-jvTn-®p-h-cp∂ tkh-\-ßƒ {]iw-k- 

\o-b-am-Wv. N¿®v-ho-°ven, ae--c-k-`, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv bqØv XpS-ßnb 

k`m-]-c-amb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ hgn-bmbpw At±lw ae-c kpdn-bm\nk-`bv°v 

hne-tb-dnb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Ins°m≠mWncn-°p-∂-Xv. 

Cßs\ hnhn-[ -\n-e-I-fn¬ \nkvX-{µ-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-ńcn-°p∂ 

amΩ≥, CXn-s\-√m-an-S-bn¬ Cu Po-hNcn-{X-{KŸw Xøm-dm-°phm≥ 

k∂-≤-\mbn apt∂m-´p-h-∂n-´p-≈Xv XnI®pw kt¥m-j-{]-Z-am-Wv. 

Npcp-ßnb ka-bw-sIm≠v Cu {KŸw `wKn-bmbn FgpXn Xøm-dm-°n 

bXn¬ At±-lsØ A`n-\-µn-°bpw CXn\v F√m-hn[ ip`m-iw-k-Ifpw 

t\cp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠v, Rm≥ CXp s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w Ah-X-cn-∏n- 

®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. ]. HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xncp-a-\- nse a≤y-ÿ- 

{]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \ap°v tIm´-bm-bn-cn-°-s´. 

]mºm-°pS tIm\m´v A{_lmw aev]m≥ 

5 ˛ 5- ˛ 1976 


A\p-kva-cWw 

Imew sNbvX ]pWy-t«m-I-\mb tamdm≥ am¿ _t -en-tbmkv 

HutK≥ {]Ya≥ _mhm-bpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ tN¿°m≥ Hc-\p-kvacWw 

FgpXn Ab-bv°-W-sa∂v {KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb sI. hn. amΩ≥ 

Ft∂m-Sm-h-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn®v Fs‚ A\p-`-h-Ønepw Hm¿Ω-bnepw 

hcp∂ Nne Imcy-ßƒ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F\n-°-Xn-bmb kt¥m-j-ap≠v. 

At±lw 1927 -˛¬ sa{Xm-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\v Hcp h¿jw apºmWv Rm≥ 

P\n-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂. 1927 apX¬ 1964 ¬ ae-ck`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£- 

\mbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-hsc At±lw I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn `cn-®p. 1943 apX¬ 1958 hsc-bp≈ At±-l- 

Øns‚ PohnXw Im¿ta-L-ßfpw tImfn-f-°-ßfpw I„-X-Ifpw sRcp- 

°-ßfpw \nd--Xm-bn-cp-∂p. 1962 -˛¬ ImtXm-en-°m -ÿm-\-tØbv°v 

sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p. 1964- ˛¬ ]cn-ip-≤-\mb Koh-dpKokv ZznXo-b≥ 

ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Imew sNbvX-tijw ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn Ah-tcm- 

[n-°-s∏-´p. tij-ap≈ h¿j-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse 

kph¿Æ- Im-e-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p. `mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb At±lw 1975 

Unkw-_¿ 8 ˛mw XobXn Imew -sN-bvXp. Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm F∂ 

\ne-bnepw ImtXm-en-°m-sb∂ \ne-bnepw At±-lsØ F\n°v ASp- 

Ø-dn-bm≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. 

Ct±lw ]sØm≥]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km\w C∂m-ń¬ \n∂v 

e`n-°m-hp∂ hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-tijw ioa-°m-c≥ …o_msi-Ωm-is‚ 

IqsS ioa-cm-Py-ß-fnse ]e Zb-dm-I-fnepw Xma-kn®v kpdnbm-\n- 

`m-jbn¬ In´m-hp-∂n-S-tØmfw ]pkvX-I-ßƒ hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn- 

°p-Ibpw ]pkvX-I-ßƒ ]I¿Øn Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. 

thZ-im-kv{X-Øn¬ AKm-[ -]m-finXyw t\Sn. IqSmsX kpdn-bm\n -`mj-bn¬ 

hyp¬]Øn kºm-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C∂m-ńepw ioa-bnepw 

HutK≥ _mhm-sb-t∏mse kpdn-bm\n`mjm -]-fin-X-\mbn Ccp-]Xmw 

\q‰m-≠n¬ thsd Bcpw D≠m-bn-ń-√. BPo-h-\m¥w FgpØpw hmb- 

\bpw ]T-\-hp-ambn Ign-®p-Iq-ńb Hcp alm-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. sXmÆqdn-t\m-S-Sp-sØ-Øn-bn´pw 

kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw Ihn-X-Ifpw 

{KŸ-ßfpw Na-bv°-Ø-°-h-Æ-ap≈ `mjm-kzm-[o-\hpw Hm¿Ω-i-‡nbpw 

I¿Ω-ti-jnbpw At±lw {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°v D]-tbm- 

Kn-°p∂ lqtØm-Ωm -˛ -kpdn-bm-\nbpw ae-bm-fhpw ˛ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

IrXn-bm-Wv. sa{Xm-∑m¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]´w-sIm-S -]p-kvX-I-ßƒ, ]≈n- 

Iq-Zmi ]pkvX-I-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-hbpw At±lw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p 



30 

KZyhpw ]Zyhpw Bbn X¿÷na sNbvXn-´p-≠v. IqSmsX a‰p {]tXyI 

IqZm-i- {I-a-ßƒ, {]m¿∞\ ]pkvX-I-ßƒ (Ip-cn-ipw-sXmń IqZm-i, iht°m´ 

IqZmi XpS-ßn-bh, am¿tØm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-h-ksØ 

{]m¿∞-\, Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-h-ksØ {]m¿∞-\, ]cpa-e 

-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Zn-h-ksØ {]m¿∞-\) F∂n-hbpw At±lw 

cNn-®n-´p-≠v. hnizm-k-k-Xy-ßƒ, kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ, ac-Wm-\-¥c 

Ahÿ XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fm-Wv. 

ae--c-k` XnI®pw kzbwio¿j-I-Xz-ap≈ Hcp kzX{¥ k`-bm-bncn-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p 

At±-l-Øns‚ B{K-lw. aØmbn siΩmi-\mbn 

ioa-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂ Ime-ØmWv A_vZ¬ an-inlm ]m{Xnb¿°o-kns‚ 

^¿am≥ (Aw-Ko-Im-c-]-{Xw) Xp¿°n kp¬Øm≥ ]n≥hen-°p-∂Xpw 

A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ÿm\m-tcm-lWw \S-°p- 

∂Xpw. A∂v AhnsS \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ k`m-cm-{„o-b-Ønse A¥¿ 

\mS-I-ßfpw AXp kw_-‘n-®p≈ bYm¿∞ ÿnXn-K-Xn-Ifpw DS-\p- 

S≥ At±lw ChnsS Adn-bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, A_vZ¬ 

aninlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ÿm\-Øn-t\m, ]´-Xz-Ønt\m bmsXmcp 

\yq\-Xbpw Cs√∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ IØp-I-fn¬ hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

apºv tIm\m´v amØ≥ aev]m-\®≥ ImtXm-en-°m- knw-lm-k\w ae--cbn¬ 

ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂p ImWn®v A_vZ¬ a-inlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v 

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-ap≠v (1908 [\p-amkw 30- ˛mw XobXn). AXv kzoI-cn-°-s∏- 

ń√. F∂m¬ Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ ae--c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v A\p-h- 

Zn®p Xcp-∂-Xn\v A_vZ¬ an-inlm A\p-Iq-e-nbmWv F∂pw -IqSn Adnbn-®p. 

Npcp-°-Øn¬ ae--c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

]›m-Øew ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ aØmbn siΩmi≥ henb ]p 

hln-®n-´p-≠v. A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--c-bn¬ h∂v h´-t»-cn¬ 

Xncp-ta-\nsb apS-°nb kw`-h-Øm¬ ae--c-bn¬ kwPm-X-amb {]Xn-k- 

‘n-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°-‰p-ambn apt∂-dm≥ \ap°v km[n-®Xv aØmbn 

siΩmi (]n-∂oSv HutK≥ dºm≥) \n¬ \n∂p e`n® Adn-bn-∏p-Ifpw 

\n¿t±-i-ß-fp-amWv. BZysØ ImtXm-en-°m -hm-gvN-bn¬ At±lw 

(HutK≥ dºm≥) kl-I-cn®p Fnepw ]n∂oSv Xncn-p-\n-∂p. ]t£ 

Imew At±-lsØ ho≠pw ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ sXmgp-Øn¬ sIm≠psN∂p 

\ndp-Øn. 

as‰mcp {][m-\-s∏´ kw`m-h\, am¿tØm-Ωm -«o-lm-bpsS knwlmk\w 

kw_-‘n®v At±lw FSpØ Dd® \ne-]m-Sm-Wv. am¿tØm-Ωm- 

«o-lmsb kw_-‘n®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ At±lw 1 tImcn. 4˛15 D≤-cn-°pw. 

kphn-ti-j-Øm¬ ae--c-k-`sb P\n-∏n® ]nXm-hmb tXmΩm-«olm 


C≥Uy≥ k`-bpsS At∏m-kvtXm-e-\m-Wv. At±lw ]t{Xm-kn¬ \n∂v 

H´pw Xmsg-b-√. ae-ck` At±-l-Øns‚ knwlm-k-\-am-Wv. Cu Imcyßƒ 

At±lw Dds° Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p. At±lsØ 

ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n® Znhkw \S-∂-Xmb A\p-tam- 

Z-\- k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ At±lw C°mcyw Dds° {]Jym-]n-®p. ae--c-k` 

am¿tØm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-am-Wv. ]t{Xmkpw tXmΩmbpw 

Xpey-∑mcpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-am-Wv. At¥ym-Jym-bn¬ ]t{Xmkpw ae-c-bn¬ 

tXmΩmbpw k`-Iƒ ÿm]n-®p. Ah¿ bP-am-\\pw Zmk-\p-a√ 

F∂v A∂v A¿∞-i--°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

thZn-bn¬ Ccn-s°-Øs∂ At±lw {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS kzbwio¿j-I-Xz-tØbpw kzmX-{¥y-tØbpw l\n- 

°p-hm\pw ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns\ At¥ym-Jym-bpsS Hcp shdpw B⁄m- 

\p-h¿Øn-bm-bn´p am‰p-hm-\pap≈ \o°-Øns‚ `mK-ambn am¿tØmΩm 

«olmbv°p ]´-Xz-an√ F∂p≈ ]m{Xn-b¿-°o-kns‚ 1970 se 203 -˛mw 

\º¿ Iev]\ h∂-t∏mƒ kzXth im¥\pw skua\pw Bbn ImWs∏-Sm-dp≈ 

am¿ HutK≥ _mhm knwl-sØ-t∏mse kS-Ip-S-s-gpt∂‰p. 

X° adp-]-Snbpw sImSp-Øp. 

At±-l- -Øns‚ Zo¿L-ho-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw k`-bpsS `mhn-sb-∏-‰nbp≈ 

kpNn-¥n-X-am-bXpw ka-tbm-Nn-X-hp-amb {]mtbm-KnI _p≤n 

bpsSbpw Hcp aIp-tSm-Zm-l-c-W-amWv ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\hpw 

ImtXm-en-°m -ÿm-\hpw Xm≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Xs‚ ]n≥Kmanbv°p 

ssIam-dp-∂-Xv. AXv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ A[n-I-sam∂pw ImWmØ 

Hcp al¬ kw`-h-am-Wv. Xm≥ £oWn-X-\m-Ip-∂p-sh∂v kzbw t_m≤yam-b-t∏mƒ 

_‘-s∏´ Bfp-Isf hnfn-®p. ""Fs∂-s°m≠v Fs¥-nepw 

km[n-°m-\p-s≠-n¬ Ct∏mƒ sNbvXp-sIm-≈Ww; ]n∂oSv ]cn-X-]n- 

®n´p Imcy-an√'' F∂p ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu ap∂-dn-bn-∏ns‚ Kuchw 

a\- n-em-°nb Bfp-Iƒ AXns‚ apJ-hne-bv°p -Xs∂ FSpØ-pw BZyambn 

ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm -ÿm\w ]n≥Km-an°v ssIam-dn-s°m-≠p≈ 

Iev]\ sImSp-Øp. At∏mƒ Xs∂ ]d-p ImtXm-en-°m ÿm\hpw 

H´pw sshImsX ]n≥Km-ansb Gev]n-°p-hm-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \S-Ø-Wsa∂v. 

X¬^-e-ambn 1975 HtŒm-_¿ 27- ˛mw XobXn ]n≥Km-ansb ImtXmen-°m-bmbn 

ÿm\mtcmlWw \S-Øn. Cu c≠p Imcy-ßfpw sNbvXp- 

I-gn--Xns‚ 41- ˛mw Znhkw At±lw Cl-tem-I-hmkw shSnp F∂p- 

≈Xv Hm¿°p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Zo¿L-Zr-„nbpw ssZh-\-S-Øn∏pw 

{]mtbm-Kn-I-_p-≤nbpw k`-bpsS `mhn-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ henb Icp-Xepw F{X 

al-Ø-c-am-bn-´p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p-≈Xv \njv {]bmkw a\- n-em-°p- 




32 

hm≥ Ign-bpw. 

BPo-hm-\¥w Hcp {_“-Nm-cnbpw Hcp Xm]-k\pw bYm¿∞ Zb-dm- 

°m-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]m¿∞-\-bnepw D]-hm-k-Ønepw ae--c-bn¬ ]cpaeØn-cp-ta\n 

Ign-m¬ C{X-tbsd D‰n-cp-∂n-´p≈ as‰mcp ]nXm-hns\ 

I≠p-In-´m≥ {]bm-k-am-Wv. 

1943 apX¬ ImtXm-en-t°-‰n¬ tN¿∂p \n∂-Xns‚ ê-ambn `{Zm-k- 

\-Ønse sXmÆqdp iX-am\w ]≈n-Ifpw Xs∂ Dt]-£n-®p. hcp-am\ 

am¿§-ß-fn-√msX Bbn. aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a\ sIń-S-Øn¬ (]-gb Hcp 

Po¿Æn® sIń-Sw) 1958 hsc At±lw Ac-∏-ń-Wn-bnepw apgp-∏-ń-Wn-bnep-ambn 

Ign-p-Iq-Snb kµ¿`-ßƒ C∂p≈ ]e¿°pw Adn-p-IqSm. 

A°m-e-sØm-s°bpw {]m¿∞-\bpw D]-hm-khpw FgpØpw hmb-\bpw 

am{Xw ]pkvX-I-ßƒ X¿÷a sNøp-∂-Xnepw ]pXnb {KŸ-ßƒ cNn- 

°p-∂-Xnepw hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. I„-Im-eØp XI¿∂p-X-cn-∏-W-am- 

ImsX At±-lsØ \ne-\n¿Øn-bXpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw At\-I- 

Im-e-ßƒsIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-SpØ Xm]-k-Ncy am{Xam-Wv. 

a‰p-≈-hsc _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xnepw BZ-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw At±lw as‰- 

√m-hsc-°mfpw ap≥]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1962 ¬ At±-lsØ ImtXmen°m 

ÿm\-tØbv°v sXc-s-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ A∂sØ ImtXm-en-°m 

`mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- 

I-bp-≠m-bn. ""sIm≈mw. \ΩpsS ]n≥Km-an. -]t£ hn\bw Aev]w IqSp- 

X-em-sW∂p am{Xw.'' Hcp a\p-jy-t\bpw At±lw A]-am-\n-°p-Itbm 

Ip‰w ]d-bp-Itbm Bsc-∏-‰nbpw ]pO-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm sNømdn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. 

{][m-\-s∏´ Imcy-ßƒ hcp-tºmƒ hfsc Npgn-n-d-ßp∂ _p≤nbpw 

Btem-N-\bpw Imgv-N-∏mSpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. thW-sa∂p 

tXm∂nbm¬ X° ÿm\Øp th≠-Xp-t]m-ep≈ {]tbm-K-ßƒ \S- 

Øm\pw Adn-bmw. AXv sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

Rm≥ _me-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Imew apX¬ At±-l-Øn\v Fs∂ 

Adnbmw. Ft∂mSv henb hm’-ey-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ ]nXr-k-tlm-Zc≥ 

]qh-Øp-¬ sF∏v tXmakv IØ-\m¿ hfsc sNdp-∏-Øn¬Xs∂ 

acn-®p-t]m-bn. B kml-N-cy-Øn¬ F\n°p ]´w Xc-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in- 

®Xv HutK≥ _mhm-bmWv (Hu-tK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n). 

]n∂oSv F\n°v ]q¿Æ- si-Ωm-iv -]´w X∂Xpw Iio-im-]´w X∂Xpw 

At±lw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Fs∂ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn hmgn-®Xpw Xncpta-\n-bmWv. 

At±-l-Øns‚ {]bmk Ime-L-´-ß-fn¬ aqhm-‰p-]pgbpw 


]nd-hØpw At±-l-tØm-sSmØp Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠v. ImtXm-en-°m-bm-b- 

Xn\v tijw ss{]h‰v sk{I-´dn Bbn-´pw, kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Hmôkv 

sk{I-´dn Bbn´pw Xma-kn-®n-´p-≠v. Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ 

A`n-{]m-b-tØmSv apgp-h-\mbn tbmPn-°m-sXbpw Ccp-∂n´p≠v. F∂n-cp- 

∂mepw At±lw ]nXr-\n-¿-hn-ti-j-ambn kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw Hcp ]p{Xs\-t∏mse 

IW-°m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Hcp kSw Ah-ti-jn-°p- 

∂p. At±lw Imew sNøp∂ kµ¿`-Øn¬ Rm≥ hntZ-i-Øm-bn-cp-∂- 

Xn-\m¬ B A¥y-bm{X-b-b-∏n¬ ]p-sIm-≈m≥ Ign-n-√. hnhcw 

Adnp sπbn≥ Inń h∂-t∏m-tgbv°pw I_dS°w Ign-n-cp-∂p. 

Fnepw At±-l-Øns‚ alma\-kvI-X-bpsS apºn¬ Rm≥ F∂pw 

BZ-cm-RvP-en-Iƒ A¿∏n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 

`mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb HutK≥ _m-hm-sb-∏‰n Cu sNdnb Ipdn∏v 

Fgp-Xp-hm≥ Fs∂ t{]cn-∏n®v AXn\v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-°n-Ø∂ sI. hn. 

amΩs‚ Cu ]cn-{i-asØ ssZhw A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v Biw-kn-°p- 

Ibpw {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 

tPmk^v am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

sk‚ v tXmakv Zbdm shń-°¬ 

apf-¥p-cpØn 

28- ˛ 11 -˛ 1988 



34 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

Imh¬`-S-≥ 

ae-c-k-`-bnse ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ bYm¿∞ Ncn-{X -]-›m-Øew 

Adn-bm-hp∂h¿°p am{Xta HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm Xs‚ \nkvX-{µamb 

{]h¿Ø\-ß-fn-eqsS ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S-\mb kw`h 

IY a\- n-em-Ip-I-bp-≈p. Hcp dºm-\m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv At¥ym-Iy-bnse 

ÿnXn-hn-h-c-ßƒ t\cn-´p-I≠v ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ h´t»-cn¬ 

Xncp-ta-\nsb [cn-∏n-®Xpw ImtXm-en-t°‰v ]p\-ÿm-]n-°m-\p≈ 

am¿§-ßƒ FgpXn Adn-bn-®Xpw 1912 -˛¬ \nc-W-Øp-h-®p, Xs‚ ]nXmhns‚ 

Kpcp-hmb I≠-\mSv CS-h-I-bpsS ]ueqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkns\ 

H∂mw ImtXm-en-°-mbmbn am¿ A_vtZZv ainlm hmgn-®-t∏mƒ 

Xs‚ tae-≤y-£s‚ hne-°ns\ a\- m-£n-°p-Øp-sIm≠v \ncm-I-cn- 

®Xpw k`m kam-[m-\-ßƒ°pth≠n Bep-hm-bn¬h®p HutK≥ am¿ 

Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \S-Ønb B≤ym-flnI cwKsØ 

AXnkml-kn-I-amb A¥na{iaw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´Xpw XpS¿∂v 1942 ¬ aqhm- 

‰p-]pg h®p ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥ ImtXm-en-°m- 

_mhmsb kzoI-cn-®Xpw Ah-km\w ImtXm-en°m Bb-t∏mƒ am¿tØm- 

Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn\pw A∏-kvtXm-enI ]Z-hn°pw FXn-cmbn D∂- 

X-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Db¿∂ i‡-amb \o°-ßsf XI¿ØXpw ]. 

HutK≥ _mhmsb ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S-\m°n. Dd-°-an-√mØ 

DW¿∆p-≈-h-\mb B Imh¬`Ss‚ ˛ A√ Imh¬ amem-J-bpsS ˛ 

H≥]Xp ZiIw \o≠p-\n∂ AXy¥w {]tNm-Z-\-{]-Z-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ 

khn-ti-jXIfn-te°p \ap°v H∂p ItÆm-Sn°mw. B hnip≤ PohnX 

Xcw-K-Wnbn¬ H∂p -ap-ßn-°p-fn°mw. sNbvX ]m]-ßƒ Igp-In-°-f-bmw. 

AtXm-sSm-∏w-Xs∂ At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k-∑m¿ ae--c-bn¬ 

GsX√mw hn[-Øn-emWp Ign \mep \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ {]iv\ßƒ 

kr„n-®-sX∂ Ncn{XkXyw icn°p a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu hnj-b- 

Øn¬ Bg-amb ]T\w \S-Ønb I≠-\m-Sv CS-h-I-bpsS tUm. -tXm-akv 

am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kns‚ ""hgn-hn´ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr„n- 


°p∂p'' F∂ {it≤-b-amb teJ\w At±lw 1999 HtŒm-_-dn¬ cNn® 

"" At¥ymIym ae-c _‘w: Hcp ]p\-c-t\z-jWw'' F∂ ]T\m¿lhpw 

Nnt¥m-±o-]-I-hp-amb sNdp]p-kvX-I-Øn¬\n∂v (aq∂mw A≤ym-bw) D≤cn-°p-∂p: 

tUm. -tXm-akv am¿ 

AØm-\m-tkym-kv 

hgn-hn´ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ {]iv\w kr„n- 

°p∂p 

ae--c-k-`-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v ]pe-e¿Øn-h-cp-∂Xv 

h¿§o-b-hpw -˛ -hn-th-N-\m-]-chp-amb A[o-i-Xz-`mh-amWv. 

\ap°v \oXn e`n-°pI {]bm-k-am-Wv. ae- 

-c-bp-am-bp≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ ASn-ÿm\ acym- 

Z-Ifpw A®-S-°hpw At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w 

]men-°m-dn-√. ae-ck`-bp-ambn am{X-a√ Cu 

{]iv\-ap-≈-Xv. a‰p k`-I-fpsS B`y-¥-c -Im-cy-ß- 

fnepw CS-s]´v Ipg-∏-ßƒ kr„n-°p∂ A\m-tcmKy {]h-WX 

At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w ]pe¿Ønhcp-∂p-≠v. k`m _‘-Ønse Cu 

IS-∂p-I-b-‰-amWv ae--c -˛ -At-¥ymJym kulr-Z-Øn\pw XI¿®-bp- 

≠m-°p∂ as‰mcp hkvXp-X. 

ae--c-k` At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ Iogn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√. 

F∂m¬ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cp-am-bp-≠mb kmwkvIm-cn-I- ˛- A-[n-Imc hnjb-ß-fnse 

kwL¿j-ß-fn¬, A∂sØ ae-ck`-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Imcn-bm-bn-cp∂ 

tXmakv A¿°-Zn-bm-°≥ Xs‚ hn`m-K-Øns‚ \ne-\n-ev∏n- 

\mbn F√m ]uckvXy ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-am-tcmSpw klmbw A`y¿∞n®p. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS A`y-¥c {]iv\-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ Ah¿ Bcpw Xømdm-bn√. 

F∂m¬ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v Chn-SsØ hnπh {Kq∏n\v 

]n¥pW \evIn-sIm≠v am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZp¬ Peo-ens\ 

Ctßm-´-b-®p. am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS B`y-¥c {]iv\-Øn¬ 

CS-s]-´-tXmsS Cu kaq-l-Øns‚ hn`-P\w A\n-hmcyhpw imiz-X-hpam-bn. 

aq∂n¬c≠p -`mKw kpdn-bm-\n-°mcpw ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰ns‚ CS-s]- 

S¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. Fnepw Cu CS-s]-S¬aqew am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym- 

\n-Iƒ c≠p hn`m-K-ß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v CS-s]-ń-√m-bn-cps∂-n¬ 

Cu B`y-¥c Ielw Xms\ ian-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p km≤yX. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]mse B`y-¥c Ie-l-ßsf apXem-°n-s°m≠v 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v CXc k`-I-fnepw CS-s]´v 

{]iv\-ßƒ kr„n® Ncn{X kw`-h-ß-fp-≠v. Ae-Ivk{¥nb ]m{Xn-b¿t°- 

‰ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ tIm]v-‰nIv k`-bpsS AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n¬ `{Zm-k-\-ßfpw 

B{i-a-ßfpw a[y-i-X-I-ß-fn¬ At¥ym-Jy≥ ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v kr„n®p. 

F∂m¬ tIm]v‰n-°pIm¿ Cu `{Zm-k-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]nSn-s®- 

SpØv kz¥-am-°n. Cu A\-[n-IrX CS-s]-S¬ Zo¿L-Ime i{X-pXbv-°v 




36 

Im-c-W-am-bn. 

AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ ]. bm-t°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm 

A¿ta-\n-b≥ ImtXm-en-t°m-kns‚ Iogn¬ e_-t\m-\n¬ At±-lsØ 

FXn¿°p∂ Hcp {Kq∏n-\p-th≠n Hcp ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ hmgn-®p. Cu 

\S-]Sn A¿tΩ-\n-b≥ k`-bn¬ Ac \q‰m-≠p-Im-esØ A¥-On-{Z- 

Øn\pw hn`-‡m-h-ÿbv°pw hgn-sbm-cp-°n. A¿tΩ-\n-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okm-bn-cp∂ 

hkvI≥ Imew sNbvX-t∏mƒ _Z¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ 

Ccp -hn-`m-K-ßfpw AwKo-I-cn®v A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ ImtXm-en-t°m-kmbn kzoIcn-®p. 

CtXm-sS-bmWv Cu ioiva Ah-km-\n-®-Xv. At¥ymJym ]m{Xnb¿t°-‰ns‚ 

A\m-h-iy-amb Cu CS-s]-S¬ a[y-]q¿∆-tZ-iØv Ccp-k-`- 

I-sfbpw \o≠ Ime-tØbv°v i{Xp-X-bn-em-°n. 

1960 IfpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ I¬Zmb kpdn-bm-\n- k`bnse Hcp sshZn- 

Is\ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm, am¿ Xntam-Øntbmkv 

imeoØ F∂ t]cn¬ ta¬]-´-°m-c-\mbn hmgn®v Cdm-°n¬ I¬Zmb 

`{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ _Z¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbmbn Ah-tcm-[n®p. F∂m¬ 

P\-ßƒ At±-lsØ Xnc-kvI-cn-®-Xn-\m¬ ]≤Xn s]mfn-p. `{Zmk\w 

\„-s∏´ At±lw Ct∏mƒ bqtdm-∏n¬ Hcp s]t{Smƒ _n¬ 

tPmen sNbvXv D]-Po-h\w tXSp-∂p! 

Ah-kcw e`n-°p∂nSsØ√mw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn CS-s]´v A[n-Im-ckoa 

hnkvXr-X-am-°p∂ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰ns‚ Cu {]h-WX 

k`m¥c _‘-ßƒ°v hfsc lm\n-I-c-am-Wv. C°mcyw kqNn-∏n-°p- 

∂-Xn-\m-Wv ta¬]-d kw`-h-ßƒ D≤-cn-®-Xv. 

ae--c-k` 17 -˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-]m-Z-Øn¬ At¥ymJym ]m{Xnb¿°o-kns‚ 

`c-W-Øn≥Iognemb tijw Cu k`-bn¬ -]m-{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm-bpsS CS-s]-S¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-em-Wv. 

1. ae--c-k-`-bpsS `c-W-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-sXbpw hyhÿ IqSmsXbpw 

CS-s]-Sp-∂p. 

2. k`-bnse Akw-Xr]vX hn`m-KsØ Iq´p-]n-Sn®v B`y-¥c {]iv\ßƒ 

aq¿On-°p-hm-\p≈ kml-Ncyw kr„n-°p-∂p. 

3. A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw Btem-N-\-bn-√m-sXbpw k`m-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn\v 

hne°pw apS°pw \S-Øn-s°m≠v _Z¬ kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ°v {ian-°p∂p. 

4. tImS-Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ hnK-Wn-®p-sIm≠v \nb-a-Øn\v hncp-≤-ambpw AXo- 

X-ambpw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. 


5. t\cn-´p≈ `c-W-Øn\v km[yX \¬Ip∂ {]ÿm-\-ßƒ°v cq]w 

sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv kl-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v ae--c-bn¬ A[n-Imc t]m°- 

‰p-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ bXv\n-°p-∂p. 

C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw k`-bpsS ImenI Ncn{Xw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ 

GsXm-cmƒ°pw hy‡-am-Ip∂ kXy-ß-fm-Wv. 

ae-ck`-bpsS `c-W-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-sXbpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-a- 

√m-sXbpw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ°v DZml-c-W-ßƒ 

\nc-h[nbmWv. Ah-bn¬ {]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ kr„n® Nne-Xpam{Xw 

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. Iq\≥Ipcniv kXy-Øn-\p-tijw ae-ck`-bnep-≠mb 

{][m\ ]nf¿∏v am¿tØm-Ωm-k-`-bpsS cq]-h¬°-c-W-tØmsS 

D≠m-b-Xm-Wv. AXn-\p-Im-cWw aXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns\ 

hmgn-®Xpw ]n∂oSv ]pd-Øm-°n-b-Xp-am-Wv. At±-lsØ hmgn-®Xv 

A∂sØ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS A`y¿∞-\tbm, Adn-thm, 

IqSm-sX-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {Iahncp-≤-amb Cu hmgn-°¬ BZyw apX¬t° 

{]iv\-ßƒ kr„n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. CXns\ FXn¿Ø hn`m-K-Øns‚ 

XmXv]cyw am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn®v \njv]-£-am-b- At\z-jWw \S-Øp-Itbm 

At±-l-tØmSv hni-Zo-I-cWw tNmZn-°p-Itbm sNømsX At±-l-Øns\-Xnsc 

in£m-\-S-]Sn FSp-Øp. ]p\¿Nn¥-bn-√mØ Cu \S-]Sn ae- 

ck`sb ]nf¿∏n-se-Øn-®p. 

Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp∂ 

h´t»-cn¬ am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS t]cn¬ 

A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm \S-]Sn ssIs°m-≠Xpw k`-bn¬ 

Zqc-hym-]-I-amb `hn-jy-Øp-°ƒ Df-hm-°n. \ho-I-c-W-°m-cp-am-bp-≠mb 

tIkn¬ tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[n {]Imcw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okn\v 

ae-ck`-bn¬ ùXnI A[n-Im-c-ßƒ H∂p-an-√. F∂m¬ B 

hn[n°v hn]-co-X-ambn sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬ \n∂pw ]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw 

ùXn-Im-[n-Im-c-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ DS-º-Sn-Iƒ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm Bh-iy-s∏-´p. CXn\v am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv hgn-s∏Sm- 

Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne ]≈n-°m¿ sNdpØp \n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ 

kzm`m-hnI \oXn-t]mepw IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX At±-lsØ apS-°n. 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Cu \S-]Sn kr„n® `n∂X k`-bn¬ Gsd- 

°mew \ne-\n-∂p. 


1912 -˛¬ A_vZp¬avinlm ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm ae-c-bn¬ ImtXmen-t°‰v 

ÿm]n-®p. At±lw k`m-`-cWw \n¿∆-ln-®n-cp∂ ImeØv AXn- 

\p≈ A`y¿∞\ ChnsS \n∂v ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. A∂v "ImtXm-en-


38 

t°‰v ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥ i]n-°-s∏-´-h≥' F∂v 

Iev]n® hy‡n-bmWv At±-lw. F∂m¬ `c-W-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm-bt∏mƒ 

ae-c k`-bn¬ X\n°v ]n¥pW e`n-°m\pw A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm-tbmSv ]I Xo¿°m\pw ]‰nb Ah-k-c-ambn I≠mWv 

ae-c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ At±lw k∂-≤-\m-b-Xv. 

ae-c k`sb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kµ¿`-h-im¬ CXp KpW-I-c-ambn-Øo¿s∂-nepw 

Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn Dt±-iy-ip≤n tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm-hp∂ 

ae-c k`m `c-W-Ønse ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ssII-S-Ø-em-bn-cp-∂p 

CXpw. k`m hn`-P-\-Øn\v apºv CXv kw`-hn-®n-cp-s∂-n¬ Hcp]t£ 

ae-c k`-bnse I£n hg°v D≠m-Ipambn-cp-∂n-√. 

1972 ¬ am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS ]utcm-lnXyw t]mepw \ntj-[n- 

®p-sIm≠v bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm ae--c-k-`bv°v 

I¬]\ Ab-®Xpw k`-bnse ]nf¿∏v io{Lhpw ]q¿Æ-hp-am-°p-hm≥ 

Imc-W-am-°nb A\-[n-IrX \S-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ k`m hn`-P\w 

kw`-hn-®-t∏mƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v btY„w ae--c-bn¬ CSs]-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

Ah-kcw e`n-®p. 1975 ¬ ChnsS _Z¬ sslcm¿°n 

D≠m-°n-b-t∏mƒ IS-∂p-I-b‰w Ffp-∏-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

A[n-Im-c-ßƒ shń-®p-cp-°n. ImtXm-en°m hmgvN-bn¬ ChnsS \n∂v 

FgpXn Xøm-dm°n sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp∂ i¬aqk ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm 

hmbn®pt\m°p-I-t]mepw sNømsX ImtXm-en-°mbv°v A[n-Im-csam∂pw 

\¬ImØ H∂n¬ t{ijvT-_m-hm-sb-s°m≠v H∏n-Sp-hn-®p. Cu 

hnhcw t\csØ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm [cn-∏n-®p-t]m-ep-an-√. hmgvNbv°p 

Xte cm{Xn-bn¬ BWnXv ]pd-sØ-Sp-Ø-Xv. At∏m-tg°v hmgn-°-s∏-Sp- 

∂-Xn¬ \n∂p ]n∑m-dm≥ t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhmbv°v km[n-°pam-bn-cp-∂n-√. 

t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m Xm≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\v Fgp-Xns°m-Sp-t°≠n 

h∂ hnt[b]{XsØ ]n∂oSv hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv C{]- 

Im-c-am-Wv. "C{X-am{Xw A]-am-\-I-chpw A¥- n-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Hcp DS- 

ºSn Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØv Bcpw Hcn-SØpw ÿm\-ta-‰n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibn-√. 

AXv i¬aqk Bbn-cp-∂n-√; bP-am-\\v Hc-Sna Fgp-Xn-s°m-SpØ 

hnt[-b-]-{X-am-bn-cp∂p' (1989 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v 

Fgp-Xnb IØn¬ \n∂v). 1975 ¬ ImtXm-en-°msb hmgn-®t∏mƒ {]Jym- 


]n® A[n-Im-c-ßƒ t]mepw 1981 se kp∂-l-tZmkv Ih¿® sNbvXp. 

ae-c k`-bpsS kzmX-{¥y-Øn-t∑-ep≈ A\-[n-Ir-X-amb Itø-‰-am-bncp∂p 

{]kvXpX tbmK-Ønse Hmtcm \S-]-Snbpw Xocp-am-\-hpw. 

kJm {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bm-Is´ Chn-SsØ B`y¥c 

Imcy-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw CS-s]-´p-h-cp-∂p. tImSXn hne-°p-Iƒ \ne-\n- 

ev°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ kp∂-l-tZmkv IqS-epw, `cWkanXn tbmK-ß-fpw, 

Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°-ep-sa√mw XIr-Xn-bmbn \S-°p-∂-Xn\v At±lw A\paXn 

\¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v h√ \nb-a-km-[p-X-bpapt≠m 

F∂Xv Hcp {]iv\-ta-b-√. 1980 ¬ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okpw 

1989 ¬ kJm {]Y-a≥ _mhmbpw t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m 

_mhmsb apS-°p-hm≥ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-s®-nepw ae--c-bnse Hcp 

`mKw i‡-ambn FXn¿Ø-Xn-\m¬ {]tbm-K-Øn-em-bn-s√∂p am{Xw. 

CØcw CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ Zp -l-am-b-t∏m-gmWv 1993 ¬ Chn-sS-bp≈ `qcn- 

]£w sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcpw AXn-s\-Xnsc \oßn-bXpw kp∂-l-tZmkv 

sk{I-´dnsb am‰n {]Xn-jvTn-®-Xp-sa-√mw. 

]me-°p-∂Øv aXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns‚ Ime-Øpw, h´t»-cn¬ 

am¿ Znh-∂m-kn-tbm-kns‚ `c-W-Øn-epw, tbmPn® k`-bn¬ 1970 

Ifn-epw, t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS `c-W-Im-ew apgp-h-\nepw 

ChnsS ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v \nc-¥-c-ambn A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ 

\S-Øn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv k`-bnse B`y-¥c {]iv\-ßƒ C{Xbpw cq£am-bXpw 

]nf¿∏v imiz-X-h-Xv°cn-°-s∏-´-Xpw. 

c≠m-asØ Imcyw, Cu A\-[n-IrX `cW ssII-S-Ø-ep-I-sf√mw 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv Chn-SpsØ ÿm]nX XmXv]-cy-°m-cpambn 

Iq´p-tN¿∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. ]me-°p-∂Øv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

ÿm\e_v[n-bn¬ Akw-Xr-]vX-cm-b-h¿ At±-lsØ ]pd-Øm-°m≥ 

Bcw-`n® {ia-Øn\v At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v ]n¥pW \evInb-XmWv 

A∂sØ k`m ]nf¿∏n\v aqe-Im-c-Ww. h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v FXnsc 

D≠m-bn-cp∂ tIm°-kn\v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS ta¬ kΩ¿±w 

sNep-Øm≥ km[n-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ apS-°n¬ Iem-in-®p. 1964 -˛se 

k`m kam-[m-\-Øn¬ Akw-Xr-]vX-cm-b-h-cp-ambn Iq´p-]n-Sn®v 1975 ˛¬ 

]. HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb apS-°n. ÿm\-ta‰ Imew apX¬ 

Xs∂ t{ijvT ImtXm-en°m ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS \ndp- 

Ibv°p apI-fn¬ apS-°ns‚ Iq¿Ø JUvKw t\¿Ø \qen¬ Xqßn-°n- 

S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

ae--c -k-`sb kw_-‘n® Imcy-ßƒ Chn-SpsØ A[n-IrX t\Xr- 

Xz-hp-ambn Btem-Nn-®√; {]Xyp-X, B t\Xr-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ 

kzm¿∞-a-Xn-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-Øn-emWv ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v C°m-e-a-{Xbpw 

{]h¿Øn-®p-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. A-amen `{Zm-k\ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS AwKo- 

Im-c-Øn\v F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkpw t{ijvT ImtXm-en-°mbpw 

FXn¿Øn´pw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-_mhm AwKo-Imcw \evIn. ae--c-bn¬ 

t{ijvT ImtXm-en-°m-t]mepw Adn-bmsX ae-_m¿ `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ `c- 




40 

W-L-S\ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv AwKo-I-cn-®p. ]≈n-°m-sc-t∏mepw Adn-bn- 

°msX BWn-Xn\v cq]w \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. kmap-h¬ ^ne-Ivkn-t\mkv 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Ime-ti-jw -B-WnXv shfn-®Øv h∂-Xv. Cu 

kao-]\w ae-c k`sb Fs∂∂pw Ie-l-cw-K-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. 

aq∂m-asØ hkvXpX, k`-bnse {]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-e√ 

]m-{Xn-b¿-t°-‰ns‚ XmXv]cyw F∂-Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ t\Xr- 

XzsØ Ań-a-dn®v hnL-SnX {Kq∏ns\ X¬ÿm-\Øv {]Xn-jvTn®v Hcp 

{]Xn-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS Acm-P-IXzw kr„n®v Hmtcm ImeØpw A[n- 

Im-c-°-øm-f¬ \S-Ønb Ncn-{X-amWv ae--c-bn¬ At¥ymJym knwlmk-\-Øn-\p≈-Xv. 

ta¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ Hmtcm CS-s]-Sepw Ign--t∏mƒ 

Cu kzm¿∞ kvXpXn-]m-SI {Kq∏v sNdp-Xmbn h∂n-´p-s≠-nepw Ah¿ 

IqSp-X¬Iq-Sp-X¬ auenIhmZn-Ifpw D{K-hm-Zn-I-fp-ambn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn- 

°p-I-bm-Wv. GXm-bmepw hnL-Sn-X-cp-am-bp≈ Iq´p-sI-ń-eqsS `cW 

kwhn-[m-\sØ De-bv°p-Ibpw HXp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ cm{„obX{¥w 

A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-aqew ae--c-k-`-bn¬ i{Xp-Xbpw hntZz-jhpw hyhlm-c-ßfpw 

\ne-\n¬°p-∂p. CXn-s\√mw th≠n k`mw-K-ß-fpsS ]Whpw, 

ka-b-hpw, _p≤nbpw, Pohn-X-hp-sa√mw ]mgm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 

hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cv ]dv P\-ßsf h©n-°p∂ Cu Ip_p-≤n-IfpsS 

Im]Syw Xncn-®-dnv {]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm≥ k`m kvt\ln-Iƒ {i≤n- 

°m-ØXv kwL¿jw XpS-cm≥ Imc-W-am-°p-∂p. 

\mem-a-Xmbn, `mc-X-Ønse k`m kw_-‘-amb tImS-Xn-hn-[n-Iƒ 

AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v Hcn-°epw Xøm-dm-bn- 

ń√ F∂-Xm-Wv. tdmb¬ tImSXn hn[n apX¬ ùXn-Im-[n-Imcw ]m{Xnb¿t°-‰n-\n-√. 

Xs‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ C√m-Xm-°m≥ euInI tImS-Xn°v 

A[n-Im-c-an-s√∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS CXn-t\m-Sp≈ 

{]Xn-I-c-Ww. {]kvXpX hn[n AXn-Po-hn-°m-\mWv DS-º-Sn-Iƒ kºm-Zn- 

°p-hm-\p≈ {iaw Bcw-`n-®-Xv. 1995- ˛se kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n ssZh-ln- 

X-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-am-sW∂v `wKn-hm°v ]d-s-nepw A∂p apX¬ 

B hn[n ewLn®v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae--c-k-`m-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-´psIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 

1981 se Za-kvt°mkv kp∂-l-tZmkv ae--c-k-`-bnse 

kIe ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw k`m kw_-‘-am-b F√m tImS-Xn-hn-[n-Ifpw ad- 

Iq-SmsX \ntj-[n-®p-sIm-≠p≈Xmbn-cp-∂p. C¥y≥ \nba hyh-ÿtbmSpw 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-tØmSpw Ah⁄ ]pe¿Øns°m≠p 

t]mepw ChnsS CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn¬ \oXo-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ 

Fßs\ Ignbpw? 

Ah-km-\sØ hnjbw: ChnsS Hcp AwKo-IrX `c-W-{Iaw D≠m-bn- 


cp-∂n´pw AXn\p _Z-embn ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰ns‚ t\cn-´p≈ `c-W-Øn≥ 

Iogn¬ XpS-cp-∂-Xn\v Nne {]ÿm-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw ImWn-°p∂ 

hy{K-Xbpw AXn\v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm \¬Ip∂ AwKo-Im-chpw 

{]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bp-amWv. knwlm-k-\-∏-≈n-Iƒ, ]uckvXy kphntij 

kamPw, tlmW-hm¿ anj≥, hntZ-i -a-ebmfn ]≈n-Iƒ F∂n-hsb√mw 

C°q-´-Øn¬ s]Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Cu A[n-Im-c-tI-{µ-ßƒ \ne- 

\n¿Øn Xs‚ CS-s]-S¬ km[y-Xbpw A[n-Im-c-km-∂n-≤yhpw ae--cbnepw 

]pdØpw XpS¿∂p-sIm≠p t]mIp-hm-\p≈ am¿§-am-WnXv. CX- 

\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp∂nStØmfw Imew ae--c-k-`bn¬ A®-S-°hpw kam-[m- 

\hpw \ne-\n¿ØpI {]bm-k-amWv. ImcWw, Xß-fpsS ÿm]nX Xmev]cy-ßƒ 

kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ Cu {]ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ A`bw 

tXSpw. Ah C°q-´¿°v kwc-£-Whpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw \¬Ipw. 

Npcp°n∏d-m¬ ÿm]nX XmXv]-cy-°m¿°v Ah-cpsS Dt±iye£yßƒ 

t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ kt-X-ß-fmbn Cu {]ÿm-\-ßƒ ]cn-W-an-°pw. 

ae-c k`-bp-ambn \nc-¥-c-amb Dc-k-ep-Iƒ°v ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰n\v Ahkcw 

\¬Ip∂ ÿm]-\-ß-fm-Wn-h. Ch-sb-°qSn ae-c k`-bpsS `cW 

kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI am¿§w Is≠-ØmsX 

{]iv\w Xocm≥ {]bm-k-am-Wv. 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰ns‚ ae-ck`m _‘-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw 

]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ hyh-ÿm-]n-X-a-√m-sXbpw \nb-a-ßƒ ewLn®pw \oXnc-ln-X-ambpw 

knwlm-k\w ChnsS CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v 

hy‡-am-Ipw. CXp-aqew D≠m-Ip∂ Hmtcm ]nf¿∏nepw Hmtcm hn`mKw 

knwlm-k-\-hp-ambp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \n∂v hn´-I-ep∂p. A\-`n-e-j-Wob-amb 

ssII-S-Ø¬ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv ]nXmhv k`m `cWLS-\- 

{]-Imcw am{Xta ae--c-k`m `c-W-Øn¬ CS-s]-Smhq F∂v \njvI¿jn- 

®-Xv. F∂n´pw bmsXmcp a\x-km-£nbpw \nba _lp-am-\-hp-an-√msX 

ae-ck`m `c-W-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-I-bpw, hmgn-°¬ \S-Øp-Ibpw, in£m 

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ FSp-°p-I-bp-sa√mw C∂pw XpS¿∂p hcp-∂p. CXp aqew `n∂- 

X-bn¬ \in-°p-∂Xv ]nXm-hn-t\mSp IqSn \n¬°p∂ hn`m-K-am-sW∂v 

]nt∂m´p t\m°n-bm¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. 



42 

1 

IpSpw-_hpw 

_mey-Im-ehpw 

ae--c-bnse \mem-asØ ImtXm-en°m Bbn-cp∂ ]. HutK≥ {]Ya≥ 

_mhm-bpsS aqe Xd-hm-Smb Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Ncn{Xw 

Xøm-dm-°nb tImX-aw-Kew am¿ AØ-t\-jykv tImfPv ap≥ {]n≥kn- 

∏¬ Sn. Fw. ss]en Ab®pX∂ B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp Ipdn-∏n¬ Cßs\ 

]d-bp-∂p: ]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm 1884 Pq¨ 26- ˛mw 

Xob-Xn-bmWv `qPm-X-\m-b-Xv. ]pcm-X\ {]i-kvX-amb Xp-cp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw- 

_-Øns‚ ]Xn-aq∂v imJ-I-fn¬ H∂mb tN´m-Ip-f-Øn≥Ic Xpcp-Ønbn¬ 

A{_lmw IØ-\m-cp-tSbpw ]pØ≥Ipcn-inse ]pcm-X\ IpSpw- 

_-amb hmfn-tb¬ aØm-bn-bpsS ]p{Xn A∂-Ω-bp-tSbpw ZznXo-b- ]p-{X- 

\m-bn-´mWv "aØmbn' F∂ Ipń P\n-®Xv. C∂sØ ate-°p-cniv Zbdm 

ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ 15 G°¿ ÿew k`bv°v kw`m-h\ \¬In-bXv _mhmbpsS 

amXr-Ip-Spw-_-am-Wv. 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬, XpcpØn sImń-t»-cn-°p-Sn, Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn, thß-t»cn¬, 

]≈n-tb-en-°-c, If-∏p-c, s\Spw-]-d-ºn¬, HmtW-cn¬, HmW-t»cn¬, 

sF°-c-th-en¬, Ic-∏n-≈n¬, X´mw]pdw F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p imJ- 

Iƒ. ae--c-k-`-bn¬ Aq-tdmfw ho´p-Imcpw Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bn¬ 

hf-sc -Iq-Sp-X¬ AwK-ß-fp≈ IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ 

IpSpw-_w. hnhn[ imJ-I-fn¬s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Xncp-hm-pfw, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d, 

Icn-ßm-®n-d, ISpwK-a-wK-ew, {_“-]pcw XpS-ßnb ]Sn-m-d≥ taJ-ebn-epw, 

shtßme, s]cp-ºm-hq¿, Xpcp-Øn-∏n≈n, tImS-\mSv, tIm´-∏Sn, 

tImX-aw-Kew, tNem-Sv, Xr°-f-Øq¿ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fnepw IqSmsX 

tIf-Iw, kp¬Øm≥ _tØ-cn, ]pev]≈n XpS-ßnb ae-_m¿ {]tZ-iß-fn-ep-amWv 

Xma-k-am-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. 

ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ hnhn-[ -ÿ-e-ß-fn-te°v amdn Xma-kn-®-t∏mƒ B 

ÿe-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´m-Wv imJm- \m-a-ßƒ D≠m-bXv. Hcp ]nXm- 


hns‚ \mep- a-°-fpsS ]n≥XpS¿®-°m¿ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ tN´mIpf-Øn≥ 

Ic, Bb-Øp-IpSn, sImń-t»-cn-°pSn F∂n-ßs\ Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ XpSßn-b-t∏mƒ 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ F∂p≈ IpSpw-_-t∏-cp- Xs∂ amdn-t∏mb 

Hcp ÿnXnhnti-j-ap-≠m-bn. GXm\pw h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ 

IpSpw-_-tbmKw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´-t∏m-gmWv Bfp-Iƒ XΩn-ep-≈ _‘w 

IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xn\pw ASpØv CS-]-g-Ip-∂-Xn\pw ho≠pw CS- 

bm-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ _mhm Imh¬]nXm-hm-bn-´p≈ IpSpw- 

_-tbm-K-Øn\v Bephm ˛ aq∂m¿ tdmUn¬ Ccn-tßm-ƒ `mKØv \n¿Ωn- 

®n-´p≈ Hcp IpSpw-_-tbmK sk≥{S¬ IΩn‰n Hmôkpw lmfpw tI{µam°n 

IpSpw-_-tbm-K- {]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Nn´-bmbn \S∂psIm≠n-cn-°p∂p. 

Xpcp-Øn-∏n≈n ]≈n-bpsS sX°p-`m-K-Øp≈ tN´m-Ipfw ]p©-bpsS 

Ic-bn¬ Xma-k-am-°nb Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ aØm-bn-bpsS aq∂masØ ]p{X≥ 

Có-c-bpsS k¥Xn ]c-º-c-Iƒ tN´m-Ip-f-Øn≥Ic Xpcp-Øn-bn¬- 

F∂dnbs∏-Sp-∂p. Có-cbv°v h¿°n, ss]en F∂o c≠p a°ƒ D≠mbn-cp-∂p. 

CXn¬ ss]en-bpsS \mev Bä-°-fn¬ aqØ-bm-fm-bn-cp∂p 

_mhm-bpsS hµy ]nXmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m¿. A{_lmw IØ-\mcpsS 

ktlm-Z-c≥ h¿°n-bpsS aIƒ hnØsb s\Sp-ºm-t»cn hb-en-∏d-ºn¬ 

tXmam hnhm-lw -sN-bvXp. Ah-cpsS \mem-asØ ]p{X-\m-bncp∂p 

A-amen `{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mbm-bn-cp∂ Koh¿Kokv 

am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n. _mhm-bpsS aqØ ktlm-Z-c≥ ss]enbpsS 

aI-\mWv sIm®n≥ k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS ap≥ t{]m˛-ssh-kvNm≥kedpw 

tIc-f-Øn¬ Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kn¬ BZysØ tUmŒtd‰v 

t\Sn-b-bm-fp-amb tUm. kn. ]n. Ipcym-t°m-kv. Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw- 

_-Øns‚ thß-t»-cn¬ imJ-bn¬s∏Sp-∂-XmWv tIcf Kh-s◊‚ v 

sk{I-´dn kmP≥ ]o‰¿ sF. F. Fkv. 

HutK≥ _mhm ÿm]n® hS-Ic skbv‚ v tPm¨kv sslkvIqfnse 

]q¿∆ hnZym¿∞nbpw C≥Uy-bpsS Bcm-≤y-\p-amb cmjv{S-]Xn sI. 

B¿. \mcm-b-W\v _mhmsb, dºm-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ apX¬ ]cn-N-b-ap- 

≠m-bn-cp∂p. _mhm kaq-l-Øn\p th≠n sNbvXn-´p≈ tkh-\-ßsfbpw 

\∂mbn Adn-bp∂ BfmWv {]nb--c-\mb cmjv{S-]-Xn. Cu teJ- 

I≥ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-N-cn{Xw Xøm-dm-°nbt∏mƒ cmjv{S-]Xn 

kkvt\lw Ab®pX∂ ktµiØns‚ Xmsg-t®-¿°p∂ {]k-‡-`mKw 

At±-l-Øns‚ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_sØ∏‰n t\cn-´p≈ Adnhv hy‡am-°p-∂-XmWv. 

"I am happy to know that the Thuruthiyil kudumbayogam is publishing 

the history of this family which has an old and well established tradition 

of priesthood and which is known for its many contributions to the composite 

culture of Kerala.'' 


Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ XpS°w Nmh-°mSv Bbn-cp-s∂∂v 

a\- n-em-°p-∂p. ]pcm-X\ tcJ-I-fnepw ]q¿∆n-I-cp-tSbpw sshZn-I-cpsSbpw 

ih-°-√-d-I-fnepw Nmh-°mSv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ F∂mWv tcJ-s∏-Sp- 

Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. am¿tØmΩm «olm sslµ-hsc {]tXy-In®v {_m“-W-



44 

Ip-Spw-_-ßsf {InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ tN¿sØ∂pw AXn¬ s]Sp-∂-XmWv 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-sa∂pw hniz-kn®p t]mcp-∂p. Ncn{Xkw_-‘ambn 

\S-Øn-b- A-t\z-j-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v XpcpØn C√-ßƒ Xriq¿ {]tZiØv 

tN‰p-]p-g, B≠-∏-d-ºv, sh≈m-‰-∂q¿ XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ 

Ct∏m-gp≠v. ]t£ Ch-bp-am-bp-≈ _‘sØ∏‰n B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]dbm-hp∂ 

coXn-bn-ep≈ ]g-°-a-√t√m aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. 

Nmh-°mSv ˛ ]m-e-bv°¬ `mK-Øp-\n∂v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ aX-]o-U-\ßƒ°n-c-bmbn 

]n¬°m-eØv sXt°m´v ]em-b\w sNbvX -Iq-´-Øn¬ 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ h¿°n-sb∂ ]q¿∆ ]nXmhv CS-∏-≈n-bn¬ FØn AhnsS 

Xma-k-am-°p-Ibpw CS-∏≈n skbv‚ v tPm¿Pv ]≈n CS-h-Imw-K-am-Ip- 

Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂mWv Ncn{Xw. At±-l-Øns‚ c≠p- a-°-fn¬ Hcmƒ 

Icn-ßm-®nd `mK-tØ°pw as‰-bmƒ shtßme `mK-tØ°pw amdn-Xm-akn®p. 

Ah-cpsS k¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fmWv Fd-Wm-Ipfw Pn√-bpsS hnhn-[ÿ-e-ß-fn-ep≈ 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-°m¿. 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-°m¿ ]pcm-X-\-Imew apX¬ Irjn-°mcmbncp-∂p. 

C∂pw `qcn-`m-Khpw Irjn-°m¿ Xs∂-bmWv. A`n-h-µy\mb cm{„- 

]Xn FSp-Øp-]-d-n-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse ]utcm-lnXy ]mc-º-cy-ap≈ H∂m- 

Wv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_w. _mhm-bpsS ]nXmhv A{_lmw IØ- 

\m¿°p- ]p-dta AXn-\p-ap-ºp≈ Xe-ap-d-bnse Bb-Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Ønbn¬ 

]utem-kp -I-Ø-\m¿, tXmam -I-Ø-\m¿ F∂n-h¿ Ipdp-∏pw-]Sn 

]≈n- hn-Imcnamcm-bn-cp-∂p. CXn¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m-cpsS At]-£- 

{]-Imcw A∂sØ Znhm≥ k¿ Sn. -am-[-h- cm-b¿ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ ]utemkv 

IØ-\m¿°v "Xpcp-Øn-∏≈n' F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNbvXv A\p-h-Zn-®-XmWv 

C∂sØ Xpcp-Øn-∏n≈n skbv‚ vta-cokv ]≈n B ÿe-Øn\v 

Aßs\ Xpcp-Øn-∏n≈n F∂ t]cp-≠mbn. 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-°m¿ Zo¿L-Imew Ipdp-∏pw-]Sn ]≈n-bn¬ 

ssI°m-c-∑m-cmbpw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. IqSmsX A√{] skbv‚ v 

tP°_vkv N¿®v "Xpcp-Øn-∏≈n'sb∂v Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp∂ ISpw-K-aw-Kew 

skbv‚ vt]mƒkv B≥Uv skbv‚ v ]o‰¿ N¿®v, tImS-\mSv B{i-a-∏≈n 

XpS-ßn-bh ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\v XpcpØn IpSpw-_-°m¿ ap≥ssI FSp- 


Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ HutK≥ _mh-msb-°q- 

SmsX ap≥X-e-ap-d-I-fn¬ Ggv sshZn-I¿ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. C∂pw IpSpw-_- 

Øn¬ Ggp sshZn-I-cm-Wp-≈Xv. AXn¬ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-tbm-K- 

Øns‚ {]kn-U‚ v ^m.- kn. -sI. F{_lmapw (_m-hm-bpsS ktlm-Zc 

]p{X\pw tImS-\mSv am¿ HutK≥ sslkvIq-fns‚ ap≥ slUvam-Ã-dpw) 

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 

_mhm- Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Ipń-°mew ]pØ≥Ip-cn-in¬ amXr-`-h-\-ØnemWv 

Nne-h-gn-®Xv. {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-khpw Ahn-sS-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. 

]ca `‡\pw kpdn-bm\n ]fin-X-\p-am-bn-cp-∂ ]nXmhv A{_lmw IØ- 

\m-cpsS kzm[o\w _mhm-bpsS sNdp-∏-Imew apX-ep≈ Nn¥-I-sfbpw 

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v hfsctbsd klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. 

bma-{]m¿∞-\-Ifpw a‰pw IrXy-ambn \S-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \njvI¿j-bp-≠mbn-cp∂ 

Hcp sshZnIt{ijvT-\m-bn-cp∂p A{_lmw IØ-\m¿. ssZhnI 

Imcy-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ {i≤- ]-Xn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hmb-\bpw ]T-\hpw 

ioe-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw IpSpw-_ -]-›m-Øew _mhmsb hf-sc-tbsd klmbn-®n-´p-≠v. 

aec-k-`-bpsS Xe-h-\m-bn, ]fin-X-\mb \s√mcp hm‹nbm-bn, 

]ca `‡-\mbn ]n¬°m-eØv hf¿∂p hcp-sa∂v _mhm-bpsS 

sNdp-∏-Im-eØv Bcpw Nn¥n-®p-Im-Wp-I-bn-√. ]t£ ssZhhnfn-bp≈ 

Hcp _me-\m-sW∂v tXm∂-Ø-°-co-Xn-bnep≈ Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p sNdp- 

∏-Øn¬ Xs∂. A{_lmw IØ-\m-cpsS ]p{X-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ ]utcmln-Xy-Øn-te°v 

IS-°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-s≠∂ kqN-\-Iƒ A∂p- 

Xs∂bp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 

ap≈p-Iƒ \nd ]mX-bn-eq-sS-bmWv _mhmbv°v PohnXw apgp-h≥ 

k©-cn-t°≠n h∂n-´p-≈-Xv. C{X-am{Xw bmX-\-Iƒ k`-bv°p-th-≠nbpw 

Xm≥ Dd®p hniz-kn-®p-t]m∂ Imcy-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠nbpw 

kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n-´p≈ ta¬∏-´-°m¿ ae--c-k-`-bn¬ Npcp-°-am-bn-cn-°pw. 

hS-°≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øn-em-Wt√m IqSp-X¬ 

Bfp-Iƒ. Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-°m-cn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw AXn¬ 

s]Sp∂p. F∂mepw "Blood is thicker than water' F∂ Cw•ojv sNm√ns\ 

A\z¿∞-am-°n-s°m≠v IpSpw-_-°m¿°v ]cn-ip-≤- _m-hmsb XnI 

BZ-c-thmSpw A`n-am-\-tØmSpw am{X-ta -Im-Wm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. 

]n¬°m-eØv Fs¥√mw A\n-„- kw-`-h-ß-fp-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂bpw 

ae--c-k` apgp-h-s‚bpw GI-I-WvT-amb Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw ae-c At mkn-tb-j≥ 

sXc-s-SpØv At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-\m¬ ImtXmen-°m-bmbn 

Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏´ H∂m-asØ ImtXm-en-°m-sb∂ al-Xzta-dnb 

ÿm\w 1964 tabv 22 -˛mw XobXn HutK≥ _mhmbv°v e`n-°p-Ibp-≠m-bn. 

Ip‰-ßƒ G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn\pw ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw ka-b- 


]-cn[nbn√m-sb∂v temIw ASpØ ImeØv a\- n-em-°p-I-bp-≠m-b-t√m. 

kXy-sØ- Xm-ev°m-en-I-ambn ad-®p-h-bv°m≥ km[n-t®°pw. ]t£ BXy- 

¥n-I-ambn F√m kXyhpw ]pd-Øp-h-cn-I-Xs∂ sNøp-sa∂v \ap°v {]Xymin-°mw. 

hS-°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse an° P\-ßfpw ]≠p-ap-Xte Im¿jnI


46 

hrØn apJy sXmgn-embn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw- 

_m-wK-ßfpw \√ Irjn-°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ign Xe-ap-d-bnepw 

C∂sØ Xe-ap-d-bnepw hnZym-`ym-kw -˛ -_m-nwKv apX-emb cwK-ß-fn¬ 

]ecpw {]tim-`n®p F∂mWv A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cmb IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS 

FÆhpw Db¿®bpw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. sImń-t»-cn-°pSn Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ 

AUz.- sI. hn. h¿°n, thß-t»cn Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ AUz. hn. ]n. sNdnbm≥, 

Xncp-hm-p-fØv Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ sXt°-∏-d-ºn¬ AUz.- h¿°n Del-∂m≥ 

F∂n-h¿ A`n-`m-jI cwKØp tim`n-®p. Ce-{Œn-°¬ F≥Pn- 

\o-b-dn-ßn¬ kwÿm-\Øv BZy-ambn ]n.- F-®v. Un. _ncpZw Ic-ÿam°nb 

tUm. kn. ]n. Ipcym-t°mkv tN´m-°p-f-Øn≥Ic XpcpØn hn`m- 

K-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. hnhn[ F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKv tImf-Pp-I-fn¬ s{]m^-kdmbpw, 

sSIv\n-°¬ FUypt°-j≥ Ub-d-Œ-dmbpw sIm®n≥ bqWn-thgvkn-‰n-bn¬ 

t{]m ˛ sshkv Nm≥k-e-dmbpw At±lw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn®p. 

tÃ‰v _mv P\-d¬ amt\-P-cmbn dn´-b¿ sNbvX hn. kn. ]o‰¿ XpS-ßnb-hcpw 

ap≥ Xe-ap-d-bnse AwK-ß-fm-Wv. IpSpw-_mwK-ßƒ°v A`n-am-\tØmSp 

IqSn am{Xta Ch-sc-∏‰n kva-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-≈p. 

Ct∏m-gsØ Xe-ap-d-bnepw Ime-Øns‚ am‰-Øn-\-\-pk-cn®v D∂X 

hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn-b-h¿ H´pw Ipd-h√. tImf-Pp-I-fnepw sslkvIq-fp-Ifnepw 

A≤ym-]-I-cmbn tPmen t\m°n-bn-cp-∂-hcpw a‰p tPmen-Iƒ D≈hcpw 

Ds≠-∂p-≈Xv hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn IpSpw-_-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-´p≈ 

]ptcm-K-Xn-bmWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. tImX-aw-Kew am¿ AØ-t\-jykv tImf- 

Pn¬ \n∂v {]n≥kn-∏-embn dn´-b¿ sNbvX s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en, 

s{]m^. hn. -hn. Ipcym-t°mkv, s{]m^. hn. Fw. s]mtemkv Ct∏mƒ 

tIme-t©cn sk‚ v ]ot‰-gvkn¬ tPmen-bp≈ s{]m^. t__n tPm¨, 

s{]m^. H.- sP. tP°-_v, dn´. slUvam-Ã¿am-cmb H. sP. tPm¿Pv, ^m. 

kn. sI. G{_-lmw, Ct∏mƒ slUvam-Ã¿am-cmb dh. sI. Gen-bm-kv, 

Sn.- sI. Gen-bm-kv, Sn. Fw. aØm-bn XpS-ßn-b-hcpw A≤ym-]-I-cmbn 

tPmen t\m°p∂ a‰-t\-I-cp-ap-≠v. AUz. hn. ]n. sNdn-bms‚ aI≥ 

AUz. Xºn sNdn-bm≥, AUz. tXmakv t]mƒ XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Cu Xeap-d-bnse 

A`n-`m-j-I-cm-Wv. ]n∂oSv FSpØp ]d-bm-hp-∂Xv kmP≥ ]o‰¿ 

sF. F. Fkv. s\bm-Wv. XpcpØn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ BZy-am-bn-´m-sWm- 


cmƒ sF.- F. -F-kv. tIU-dn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. IqSmsX Cdn-tK-j≥ hIp- 

∏n¬ kq{]-≠nwKv F≥Pn-\o-b-dmbn dn´-b¿ sNbvX Sn. -Fw. ]utemkv 

Akn-Ã‚ v F≥Pn-\o-b¿ sI. ]n. tPmkv F∂n-hsc IqSmsX F≥Pn-\ob-dnßv 

_ncp-Z-hpw, Untπm-ambpw ]m m-bn-´p-≈-h-cmbn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ 

]e-cp-≠v. _mp-I-fnepw k¿°m¿ -˛ -A¿≤- k¿°m¿ Hmô-kp-I-fnepw 

tPmen sNøp-∂-hcpw dn´-b¿ sNbvX-h-cp-amb \nc-h[n t]cp-≠v. Fd- 

Wm-Ipfw Pn√m -Iu¨kn¬ {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp∂ tamfn F{_lmw, _m_p 

t]mƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ cm{„ob kmaq-ly -cw-K-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-hcmWv. 

dn´. sU. Ub-d-Œ¿ C≥U-kv{Sokv A{_lmw tXma-kv, skbn¬kv 

SmIvkv Hmô-k¿ Sn. -Sn. tPm¿Pv, JmZn t_m¿Uv Ub-d-Œ¿ H. -sP. 

tbml-∂m≥, tUm. tPm_n t]mƒ, tUm. tkm_≥ ]o‰¿, cmPp t]mƒ 

(bp. Fkv. F.) XpS-ßn-b-hcpw C°q-´-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu t]cp-Iƒ 

FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂Xv C∂sØ bph-X-e-ap-d-bv°pw, `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°pw 

A¬]-sa-nepw {]tNmZ-\hpw Bfl-ss[-cyhpw \¬Im≥ klm-b-I-am- 

Ip-sa∂ {]Xo-£-tbm-Sp-IqSn am{X-am-Wv. 

s{]m^. Sn. Fw. ss]en tUm. kn. ]n. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv 


IpSpw-_-tbmKw 

Hmôkv 

� 

_mw•q-cnse Hcp {]apJ hyh-km-bn-bmb ]n. sP. 

t__n. ]. HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ Ipdn-bmt°m-kns‚ 

]u{Xnbpw Koh-dp-Ko-kns‚ ]p{Xn-bp-amb 

jn_n-bmWp ]n. sP. t__n-bpsS `mcy. � 

kmP≥ ]o‰¿ sF. F. Fkv.



48 

2 

hnZym-`ymkw 

A{_lmw I»o-im-bpsS Kpcphpw I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo- 

Ømbpw ]n∂oSv ae--c-bnse {]Ya ImtXm-en-°m-bp-amb apdn-a‰-Øn¬ 

am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv BWp \ΩpsS IYm-\m-b-Is\ aØmbn F∂p 

t]cn´p amtam-Zokm ap°n-b-Xv. _mey-Im-e -hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw 

Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn¬Øs∂ sshZnI hnZym-`ym-km¿∞w ]mºm-°pS 

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ tN¿∂v, ae--c -a-ev]m-\m-bn-cp∂ tIm-\m´p amØ≥ tIm¿ 

F∏-nkvtIm-∏m-bpsS injyXzw kzoI-cn-®p. CXn-\Iw IS-hn¬ ]ueqkv 

am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bn¬\n∂v siΩm-ip-]-´hpw 

Inń. ae-bm-f-Ønepw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw {]kw-K-I-e-bnepw kmam\yw \√ 

hypev]-Øn- t\-Snb aØmbn siΩm-»≥ XpS¿∂v Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkm¿∞w 

tIm´bw Fw. Un. sslkvIq-fn¬ tN¿∂p. sI. kn. amΩ≥ 

am∏n-f-bpsS injy-\m-Im\pw Ign-p. 

Cu Ime-b-f-hn-emWp ioa-bn¬ \n∂p-h∂ «o_m siΩm-i-\p-ambn 

(]n-∂oSv …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv) ASpØp ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\pw 

At±-l-Øns‚ kpdn-bm-\n-bnep≈ {]kw-K-ßƒ X¿÷a sNøp-∂-Xn\pw 

ae--c-bnse an°- ]-≈n-Ifpw Hcp-an®p kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\pw CS-bm-b-Xv. 

ae-bm-f-Ønepw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw Hcp-t]mse Ah-Kmlw t\Snb aØmbn 

siΩm-i≥ hnhmlw Ign®v Hcp CS-h-I-∏-´-°m-c-\mbn PohnXw \bn- 

°m≥ C„-s∏-ń-√. kpdn-bm\n `mj-tbmSpw kpdn-bm-\n- k-`-tbm-Sp-ap≈ 

Iqdp-\n-anØw …o_m siΩm-i-s‚-IqsS 1905 ¬ ioa-bv°p -t]m-Ip-Ibpw 

A o-dn-b-bnse am¿ aØm-bn-bpsS B{i-a-Øn¬h®v ]q¿Æ- si-Ωm-i- 

\m-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. aq ¬hgn Zp¿L-S-bm{X sNbvXv kpdn-bm- 

\n-°m¿ IqSp-X-embn Xma-kn-°p∂ a¿±o≥, Xpd-_vZo≥ {]tZ-i-ßƒ 

kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw Xpd-_vZo-\n-ep≈ am¿ HutKs‚ ]pcm-X-\-amb Zb-dmbn¬h®v 

aØmbn F∂ t]cp-amdn HutK≥ F∂ t]cv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw 

D≠m-bn. A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ÿm\m-tcm-lWw sNbvXv Xmakn-®p-h∂ 

Ip¿°p-a-m Z-b-dm-bn-te°p t]mIp-∂-hgn Xpd-_vZo-\nse am¿ 


A{_-lm-ans‚ B{i-a-Øn¬, Xp¿°n -kp¬Øm-\m¬ A[n-Im-c-]{Xw 

]n≥h-en-°-s∏-´-tijw Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ko\n-b¿ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

A_vZ¬ ain-lm-bpsS IqsS Ipd-®p-\mƒ ]m¿Øp. ]n∂oSv a¿±o-\n¬ 

FØn am¿ A_vZp-≈msb ImWp-Ibpw Ip¿°p-am -Z-b-dm-bn¬ H≥]-Xpamkw 

Xma-kn®v kpdn-bm-\n- `m-j-bn-ep≈ H´-[nIw Aaq-ey-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ 

hmbn®p ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k-∑m-cmb am¿ 

Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥, am¿ At{]w F∂n-h-scbpw a‰pw ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. 

Xp¿°n k¿°m-cns‚ Iogn-ep≈ kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS timN-\o-b-amb 

bYm¿∞-Nn{Xw, Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb H´-[nIw ÿe-ßƒ kµ¿in®p a\n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v 

CsX√mw HutK≥ siΩm-is\ klm-bn-®p. 1908 ¬ 

bdp-i-te-an-ep≈ am¿ a¿t°m-kns‚ Zb-dm-bn¬h®v A∂v A[n-Im-c-Ønencp∂ 

A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv HutK≥ siΩm-»\p dºm≥ ÿm\w 

\evIn. I»oim BIp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºp-Xs∂ dºm≥ÿm\w \evIp∂ ]Xnhv 

ae--c-bn¬ \ne-hn-en-cp-∂n-√. Xpd-_vZo-\n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Ime-L-´- 

Øn¬Øs∂ ae--c-k-`-bpsS `mhn-sb-∏‰n dºm-®≥ Iqe-j-ambn 

Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Zo¿L-Zr-„n-tbm-Sp-IqSn ae--c-bnse k`m t\Xm-°-∑mcn¬ 

Nne-cp-ambn IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. 

ae--c-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-tijw tIm´bw sNdn-b-]-≈n-bn¬h®v 

…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm HutK≥ dºm-®\p 

I»o-im-]´w \evIn. 1909- ˛¬ ae-c kµ¿in® A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okn-s‚bpw 

Xs‚ kvt\ln-X\pw k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bp-amb …o_m am¿ 

HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kn-s‚bpw Zzn`m-jn-bmbn HutK≥ dºm-®≥ k©-cn-®ncp-∂p. 

CXn-\Iw kap-Zm-bm-¥-co-£-Øn¬ Xe-bp-b¿Øn-bn-cp∂ hg-°n¬ 

Xe-bn-SmsX Ign-®p-Iq-´m≥ HutK≥ dºm-®≥ ]c-am-h[n ]cn-{i-an-®p. 

ae--c-bnse euIn-Im-[n-Imcw GXp- am¿§w kzoI-cn®pw ssI°-em- 

°m≥ {ian®p ]cm-P-b-s∏´ A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm Xncn-®pt]m-b-Xns\ 

XpS¿∂v 1912- ˛¬ A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm 

ae--c-bn¬ FØp-I-bpw, ap≥]-cn-N-bsØ ap≥\n¿Øn HutK≥ dºm- 

®≥ \nc-W-Øp-sN∂v A_vZ¬ ainlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ kµ¿in- 

°p-Ibpw kz]n-Xm-hns‚ Kpcp-hmb apdn-a-‰-Øn¬ ]ueqkv am¿ Cuhm- 

\n-tbmkns\ ae--c-bnse {]Ya ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn Ah-tcm[n® Ncn{X 

{][m-\-amb NS-ßn¬ kw_-‘n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A∂sØ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´-h¿°v Cu \S-]-Sn-bn¬ HutK≥ dºm-®-t\mSv 

AXr-]vXn -tXm-∂n-bXv kzm`m-hn-I-am-W-t√m. AXn-\p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ HutK≥ 

dºm-®≥ Hcp hnhm-Z-]p-cp-j-\mbn amdn-bn-cp-∂p. 

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ a{Zm-kn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ae-c kpdn-bm-\n -k-`mw- 

K-ß-fpsS Bh-iysØ ap≥\n¿Ønbpw ]tc-X-\mb sI. sI. eqt°mkv 

PUvPn-bpsS A`y¿∞-\-b-\p-k-cn®pw a{Zm-knse Bw•n-°≥ ]≈n-bn¬ 

\ΩpsS Bcm-[\ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v dºm-®≥ Ahn-sS-t∏m-bn. Aßs\ 

_mly-tI-cf `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \ap°v Hcp B-cm-[-\m-tI{µw apf-®p. C∂p 

hf¿∂v hnI-kn® a{Zmkv CS-hI Hcp `{Zm-k-\-tI-{µ-am-b-Xn¬ HutK≥ 

_mhm-bpsS Bflmhv kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-≠m- -hpw. 



50 

3 

HutK≥ dºm≥ 

ae-ck`-bn¬ I£n `n∂X D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw A_vZp≈m ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

ae--c-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xn\pw apºpXs∂ ae--c-k-`-bpsS ]ptcm- 

K-Xn°pw hnI-k-\-Øn\pw ChnsS ta¬]-´-°msc hmgn-°m\pw a‰p-ambn 

Hcp ImtXm-en-°msb hmgn®p \¬I-W-sa∂p {]apJ sshZn-I-\m-bn-cp∂ 

tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ a-ev]m≥ A_vtZZv aninlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-knt\mSv 

IØp aptJ\ Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ 

AXv A-\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cp∂ A_vtZZv ainlm Xp¿°n kp¬Øm≥ A[n- 

Im-c-]{Xw ]n≥h-en-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂v A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

\o°ßƒ aqew `cWw \jvS-s∏-SpIbpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ t]¿jy-bn¬ 

\n∂p-t]mb ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w t]¿jy≥ k`-bp-am-bn ]pcm-X- 

\-Imew apX-ep≈ _‘sØ ap≥\ndpØn ae--c-bn¬ ]p\-xÿm-]n®p 

F∂-XmWv Ncn-{Xw. `c-Wm-[n-Imcw \jvS-s∏-´Xn\m¬ ]utcm-lnXy 

\¬h-c-ßfpw C√m-Xmbn F∂p≈ ssZh-im-kv{X- hn-cp-≤-amb Nne-cpsS 

hymJym\w km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ sX‰n-≤m-cW P\n-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. 

…o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv 1905 ¬ siΩm-i-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ hmI- 

Øm\w ImcpNnd Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-\b® Hcp -I-Øn¬ "A_vtZZv ainlm 

euIn-Im-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw am{X-a-√msX ]m{Xn-b¿°m ÿm\Øp 

\n∂p \o°-s∏-ń-ń-√. Ct∏mgpw At±lw Bflob Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

Xs∂-bm-Wv ' F∂p ImWp-∂p. 

A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ hchpw h´-t»-cn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSapS-°p-amWv 

ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\ ]p\x-ÿm-]-\sØ Xzcn-X-s∏- 

Sp-Øn-bXv F∂Xv Hcp hkvXpX am{Xw. Cßs\ ]e kml-N-cy-ßƒ 

HØnWßnbt∏m-gmWv ae--c-k-`-bpsS `mKyw F∂ -\n-e-bn¬ ImtXmen°m 

knwlm-k\w k`bv°p e`n-®-Xv. 

aØmbn siΩm-i≥ 1905 ¬ Xp¿°n-bnepw kndn-bm-bn-ep-ap≈ k` 

kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw k\ym-k-Po-hnXw Imw£n® At±lw A_vZp≈ 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂p dºm≥ ÿm\w kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

A°m-eØv HutK≥ dºm≥ Ab® c≠p IØp-Iƒ hń-∏W 

tIkn¬ lmP-cm-°nbn-cp-∂p. kndn-b-bnse k`-bpsS timNym-hÿ 

Ah-bn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cp∂p. ]W-∏n-cn-hn¬ D’p-I-\mb BfmWv am¿ A_vZp- 

≈-msb∂pw At±lw AXn\pth≠n ae-c-k-`-bn-te°v hcp-∂p-s≠∂pw 

A_vtZZv ain-lmbv°p ^¿am≥ ]n≥h-en-®-Xp-sIm≠p am{Xw `cWw 


C√m-Xncn-°p∂p F∂pw Bflob -Im-cy-ßfn¬ At±lw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw ae-- -c-bn¬ ImtXm-en-t°‰v ]p\xÿm]n-°m≥ 

kΩXamsW∂v Xt∂mSv t\cn´p ]dp F∂pw HutK≥ dºm-®≥ 

ae--c-bnse k`mt\Xr-Xz-Øn\v Fgp-Xnb IØpIfn¬ hy‡-am-°n. 

Cu IØp-I-fmWv ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\- ]p-\ÿm-]-\m-`n-emjw 

h¿≤n-∏n-®-Xv. 

I≠-\mSv CS-h-Ibv°v Hcp sa{Xms\ hmgn®p In´-W-sa∂v 1926 ¬ 

Bh-iy-s∏-´-t∏mƒ, HutK≥ dºms\ Hgn®v Bsc-sb-nepw sXc-s- 

Sp-Ø-b-bv°m-\mWv tIm\m´v tImc amØ≥ aev]m-\-®s‚ t]¿°p 

]n∂oSv a-\n-°-c-bn¬ I_-d-S-ßnb Gen-bmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

FgpXnbXv. HutK≥ dºm≥, aØmbn siΩm-i-\m-bn- Xp-d_vZo\n¬ Xmakn-°p-tºmgmWv 

am¿ A_vZ¬ ain-lm-bpsS bYm¿∞ \ne ae--cbv°p 

shfn-s∏-SpØn sImSp-Ø-Xv. AXn-ep≈ hntcm-[-amWv ta¬]-d Fgp- 

Øn¬ _mhm {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 

HutK≥ dºm-®s‚ IØpIsf∏-‰n-bp≈ IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ skUv. 

Fw. ]mtd-ńs‚ "h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv' F∂ k`mNcn{X 

{KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂v AtX-]Sn NphsS tN¿°p-∂p: 

HutK≥ d-ºm≥ 

am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkymkv ÿm\w G¬°m≥ Xp¿°n-bn¬ 

t]mbn Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Bcp-sSbpw Xs∂ {i≤sb A∂v {]tXyIw 

BI¿jn-°m-Xpw F∂m¬ ae-ck`-bpsS `mhnsb hfsc kmcambn 

-_m-[n-®Xpw Bb Hcp kw`hw \S-∂p. shtßme sN´m-Ip-f-ßc 

A{_lmw IØm-\m-cpsS aI≥ aØmbn siΩm-i-s\- ˛ -Hu-tKs‚ Zbdm 

kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ HutK≥ F∂ t]cp kzbw kzoI-cn® siΩm-i-s\ ˛ 

am¿ A_vZ≈m i¿s_m -d-ºm≥- ˛ -si-Ωm-ip -d-ºm≥ ˛ B°n-b-Xm-bncp∂p 

AXv. HutK≥ dºm≥ Xn-tam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ]Zw 

{]m]n® tijhpw AXn\p apºpw D≈ At±-l-Øns‚ ]te \S-]-Sn- 

Ifpw Koh-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ ImesØ kmc-Xcambn kv]¿in- 

®n-´p-≈XpsIm≠v At±-l-tØbpw At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfbpw 

Cu Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Ime-K-W-\-bn¬ henb Nn´ ˛ 

Aev]w t]mepw Atßmt´m Ctßmt´m amdn-°qSm F∂p≈ \njvT ˛ 

]men-°p-hm≥ ]‰msX ht∂-°mw. F∂m¬ HutK≥ dºm≥ ˛Xn-tam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm≥ ˛ A{]-Xo-£n-Xhpw hnkva-b-I-c-hp-am-bn -˛ -Im-tXmen-t°mkv 

]Z-hn-bn¬ {]th-in-®-Xn\p CXn¬ ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-bn-√. 

AsX√mw A°m-esØ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Koh-dp-Kokv 




52 

Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Imew sNbvX 1109 Ipw`w hsc am{Xta Cu hmey- 

Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂p-≈-t√m. 

HutK≥ siΩm-is\ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xp Xs∂ am¿ 

Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ samgn-bn-eq-sS-bm-hmw. XpS¿∂p siΩm-i≥ Xp¿°nbn¬ 

\n∂v Ab® IØp-Iƒ BZn-bmb tcJ-Ifpw am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkmbn 

kap-Zm-b-t°-kn¬ sImSpØ samgnbpw DS-º-Sn-Ifpw a‰pw B{ib-ambn 

kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. 

94 I∂n 30 ˛mw XobXn am¿ Znh-∂m-tkymkv hń-∏-W-t°-kn¬ 

sImSpØ samgn-bn¬ \n∂p Nne `mK-ßƒ: 

tNm ˛ HutK≥ dºm≥ F∂mWv dºm-\m-bXv? 

D ˛ Rß-ƒ Du¿t«-an¬ Xma-kn-°p-tºm-gmWv At±-lsØ dºm- 

\m-°n-b-Xv. A_vZ≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-Wv. Du¿t«-an¬ h®m-Wv. .... 

Abm-ƒ HutK≥ F∂ t]sc-SpØXv HutK≥ F∂ ]cn-ip-≤s‚ \ma- 

Øn-ep≈ Zbdm kµ¿in® \mƒ apX¬°m-Wv. 

.......B. K. A°w HutK≥ dºms‚ ssI∏-S-bm-Wv. B. K. (1) t]msebp≈ 

FgpØp IqSp-Iƒ, AXm-bXv Fs‚ t]cv A®-Sn® IqSp-Iƒ 

HutK≥ ChnsS \n∂p t]mIp-tºmƒ Rm≥ sImSp-Ø-b-®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

F\n°v FgpXn Ab-bv°m≥ sImSp-Ø-b-®-Xm-Wv. Cu Fgp-Øp-Iƒ (B.K, 

B.M. A°-ßƒ) Fgp-Øp-I-fpsS Iq´-Øn¬ \n∂p ...... t\m°n FSp- 

Ø-Xm-Wv. 

Rm≥ HutK≥ dºms\ HSp-hn¬ I≠Xv 88 I∂n-bn-em-sW∂p 

tXm∂p-∂p. \nc-WØp ]≈n-bn¬ h®m-Wv. 

tNm ˛ HutK≥ d-ºm≥ B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ AhnsS h∂n-cp-∂Xv 

F¥n-\mWv? 

D ˛ HutK≥ dºms‚ A∏≥ ]Tn-®Xv Imew sNbvX Cuhm-\n-tbmkv 

sa{Xm-®-t\mSp IqsS Bbn-cp-∂p. HutK≥ dºm≥ Xp¿°n-bn-te°v t]mbt∏mƒ 

At±lw Ipsd ]W-k-lm-bhpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°-bp-≠m-bn. 

Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-®≥ ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm\w G¬°p∂p F∂p 

tI´-t∏mƒ At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ Xmev]cyw ImWn-°p-hm≥ th≠n h∂v 

AXn¬ kw_-‘n®pw h®v t]mI-bmWv sNbvX-sX-∂p-Ø-cw. 

tNm ˛ -Hu-tK≥ dºms‚ A∏≥ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kn-t\m-Sp-IqsS 

]Tn-®n-´p-s≠∂v Ahn-Sp-tØ°p t\cn-´-dn-hp-t≠m? 

D ˛ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv sa{Xm-®≥ ]d--dn-hp-≠v. HutK≥ dºms‚ 


A∏≥ Ct∏mƒ Ds≠-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. ... 

-tNm -˛ -Hu-tK≥ dºm\pw Ahn-Sp-∂p-ambn Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øpt≠m? 

D ˛ 86 CShw apX¬ C√ (A-_vZ-≈m-bpsS apS°p ktµiw CShw 

(26 -˛mw XobXn BWt√m ]pd-s∏-´-Xv). .... 

-tNm -˛ -Hu-tK≥ dºm≥ 4 ˛mw {]Xnsb (am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kv) 

BWv A\p-Iqen-°p-∂-sX∂v Ahn-Sp-tØ°p t\cn-´-dn-hps≠m? 

D ˛- t\-cn-´-dn-hp≠v. 

tNm ˛ B Adnhv Fßn-s\-bmWv? 

D ˛ \nc-WØp h∂n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ HutK≥ dºm≥ t\cn´p ]d-bp-I-bp- 

≠m-bn-´p-≠v. 

tNm ˛ -Hu-tK≥ dºm≥ ]d--sX-¥mWv? 

D ˛ -tem-IsØ Dt]-£n® dºm-∑m¿ kXy-\n-jvT-bn-√m-Ø-h-cm-bm¬ 

kXy-\njvT ]ns∂ Bcn¬ \n∂mWv Bin-t°-≠-sX∂p Sn. dºms\ 

kw_-‘n®p Rm≥ Sn. dºm-t\mSp ]dt∏mƒ Ahn-Sp∂p ]d-bp-∂Xp 

kXy-amWv F∂ncp∂mepw Cu ÿnXn-bn-e-√m-sX, F∂p h®m¬ FXr 

`mK-tØmSp tN¿∂p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\-√msX F\n°p \n¿∆m-l-an-√. Cuhm- 

\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-®s‚ ImtXm-en°m ÿm\m-tcm-l-W-Øn¬ kw_-‘n- 

∏m≥ Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ h∂-Xn\p Xs∂ Rm≥ hS-t°m´p sN√p-tºmƒ 

Fs¥√mw D]-{Z-h-ß-fmWv F\n-°p-≠m-Ip-∂-sX-s∂-\n-°-dn-p-Iq-Sm, 

F∂pw a‰p-amWv ]d--sX-∂p-Ø-cw. ....- HutK≥ dºm≥ B Ah-k-c- 

Øn¬ A_vZ¬ aninlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ ImWp-Ibpw ssI apØp- 

Ibpw sNbvXp. 

Icn-ßm{i ]≈n-°m-tcmSv am¿ A_vZ≈m hmßnb DS-º-Sn-bn¬ 

km£n Bbn ImWp∂ HutK≥ dºm≥, …o_m siΩm-»s‚ IqsS 

(HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm≥) kndn-bm-bn-tebv°v t]mbn AhnsS k©cn®v 

am¿ Znh-∂m-tkym-kn-t\m-sSm-∂n®v aS-ßn-t∏m-∂p. 

…o_m -si-Ωm-»≥ ÿm\-ta¬°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv kndn-bm-bn-tebv°v 

t]mb-sX∂v Adn-n-√. AXn-\mbn ae-bm-f-Øp-\n∂v Ab-®n-√. At±l-Øns‚ 

hgn-s®-e-hn\v Hmtcm ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂pw Hmtcm am\y∑mcn¬ 

\n∂pw kw`m-h-\-bmbn Inń-b-Xm-Wv. ae-bm-fØp Xma-kn® ImeØv 

s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ ImeØv B ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p 

sNe-hn\p sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v F∂pw am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ samgn-bn¬ 

ImWmw. 



54 

CXn\p apI-fn¬ tN¿Ø am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kns‚ samgn-bn¬ ]dbp∂ 

_n.- sI.-, _n. Fw. F∂o A°-{]-am-W-ßƒ hfsc kq£n-®v, a‰p 

h√-h-cp-sSbpw ssIbn¬ t]mbmepw henb Ipg∏w D≠m-I-cp-sX∂p 

IcpXn kq{X-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-h-bm-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p. F∂mepw 

Fgp-Xnb ImeØv Xp¿°n-bnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ kw_-‘n®v Ah-bn¬ 

\n∂p ]eXpw a\- n-em-°mw. AXm-Wt√m \ap°v Bh-iyw. 

ae--cbv°v Hcp ImtXm-en-t°mkn (a-{]n-bm\m)s\ In´-W-sa-∂p≈ 

tamlw Nne¿°p-≠m-bn. ""alm-P\k`'' B Imcy-Øn¬ Xmev]cyw {]I- 

Sn-∏n-®p. Xp¿°n-bp-ambn Nne Fgp-Øp-Ip-Øp-Ifpw D≠m-bn. A°m-e- 

ØmWv a-Ømbn siΩm-»≥ ]c-tZ-i-tØbv°p t]mb-Xv. ImtXm-en-t°mkns\ 

hmgn®v In´p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km≤y-X-I-sf-∏‰n cl-ky-ambn At\zjn-°p-Itbm 

\nco-£n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xp sIm≈m-sa∂v Chn-SpsØ 

A[n-Ir-X -tI-{µ-ßƒ A\u-tZym-Kn-I-ambn aØmbn siΩm-»\p 

\n¿t±iw \¬In-bn-cp∂p F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ 

]n∂mse hcp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

_n. sI. A°w 

Hama: Syria 22 nd Dec. 1906 

(kp-dn-bm\n Xe-s°-s´-gp-Øv) 

Ign Xpemw 29 -˛mw XobXn Ab® FgpØp Inń. .... -I-S-hnse 

sa{Xm-®s‚ hntbmK hm¿Øbpw \nß-fn¬ F∂-t]mse F∂nepw ]cn- 

{`-a-P-\y-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d--dn-bn-t°≠ Bhiyw Ds≠∂p tXm∂p- 

∂n-√. ASpØ \mfn¬ ChnsS \n∂-b® FgpØp Inń-bn-cn-°p-sa∂p 

hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Fs‚ bm{X, ChnsS FØnb hnh-cw, \S∂ 

sNbvXn CXp-Iƒ hnkvX-cn-®n-cp-∂p. CtX-hsc ChnsSXs∂ Bbn-cp∂p. 

ssZh-k-lm-b-Øm¬ c≠mgvN-sIm≠v Ct±lw hyXym-k-s∏´ Nne 

\qX\ coXn-Iƒ G¿s∏-SpØn. Fs‚ kma¿∞yw sIm≠-√, ssZh-klm-b-Øm¬ 

Ct∏mƒ Hcphn[w kpam-dm-bn. ASpØ \mfn¬ ChnsS 

\n∂v Hdo-i-te-an-tebv°p t]mI-W-sa∂v hnNm-cn-°p-∂p. Fgp-Øp-Iƒ°p 

hnLv\w h∂-Xn¬ F\n°pw hyk\w D≠v. H∂m-aXv Ign Ipw`w 

apX¬ Rm≥ «o_m dºm-®-\n¬ \n∂p th¿]n-cnp Nne ÿe-ßfn¬ 

Np‰n-k-©-cn®p \nßfpsS kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS \nt£]w F√mw 

I≠p. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ ]e Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Rm≥ Ab-®n´pw hnhcw Adn-bm- 

Ø-hn[w ImWp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-°p-∂p. kXy-k-`-bmb \ho-I-c-W- 

°msc AIm-cWw Rm≥ A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂n-√. Ah¿ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn¬ 

k` ]Ip-Xnbpw h∂n-ń-s√-∂mWp Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kpdn-bm\n 


k`-tbmfw C{X Acn„ k` `qan-bn¬ Dt≠m? ae-bmfw F{X hntijw! 

]me-°p-∂s‚ ss[cysØ Rm≥ «mLn-°p-∂p. at\m-th-Z\ AXn¿ 

ewLn-°p∂ `bsØ Hm¿Øp Ct∏mƒ ssIhn-Sp-∂n-√. Bfp-hoXw Fgp- 

Ø-b-®m¬ \∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Iøn¬ Imin-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ tIh-e-ØnemWv 

(\nß-fpsS) knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ign-®-Xv. ]pd-s∏-´-t∏mgpw sX≠p- 

I-ev]-\-bmWv \nß-fpsS ]m{Xn-b¿°okv X∂Xv. 3 ˛-B-I-bm¬ kztZ-i- 

]n-Xm-°fpw hntZ-i-]n-Xm-°fpw Adn-bmØ a°ƒ Ipe-Øn¬ C√m-Xn-cp- 

∂m¬ G‰w \∂m-bn-cn-°pw. Du¿t«-an-temfw Cßn-s\. ]n∂o-Sp≈ 

t{]m{Kmw a\- n-se-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. ssZth„w ]men-°-s´. 

]m. ae-bm-f-tØ°p h∂p F√mw \S-Øp-sa∂pw F√mw {Ia-s∏-Sp- 

Øp-sa-∂p-am-Wm-in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ImWmw, hoń¬ In´mØ cmP≥ A\ycm-PyØv 

Fßn-s\. ...- F√m ÿe-ß-fnepw ]≈n-°q-S-ßƒ apX-emb 

hI-Iƒ°p AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXn\v D’m-ln-∏n-°p-Isbm \S-Øp- 

Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. amkw tXmdpw [¿Ω-ti-J-c-Øn\p Fgp-XpI Xs∂. 

Npcp-°n-∏-dm¬ Cu Ak-ly-{I-a-ß-fm¬ P\-ßƒ AXnZpxJØnepw 

]›m-Øm-]-Øn-epw, Nne¿ A¿≤-a-\ v A\y-a-X-Ønepw Cßs\ 

]m¿°p-∂p. Cu ]® ae-bm-f-tØ°p h∂m¬ Fßs\ Iem-in-°p-sa∂p 

ImWmw. Cu `cWw {ItaW ImWmw. bu\m≥ IpSn-en\p kZr-iyw. 

Fhn-sS-sb-nepw CXn-\n-S-bn¬ \n∂-I∂v Hcp IpSn-en¬ {]th-in-°-Wsa-∂m-sWs‚ 

{]Y-tam-t±-iyw. ho≠pw At¥ymJym k`-tbm-Sp≈ 

\ΩpsS kJy-Xbv°v CXp-h-sc-bp≈ Fs‚ At\z-j-W-Øn¬ bmsXmcp 

tcJbpw ChnsS ImWp-∂n-√. (kp-dn-bm-\n) -bpsS Ime-Øn¬ D≠m-bncp-s∂-n¬ 

B hnZz-⁄≥ At±-l-Øns‚ (kp-dn-bm-\n) Fß-s\-sb- 

nepw hnkvX-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

(t\m´v: ˛ G-Xm\pw amksØ ]cy-S\w aqew Xp¿°n-bnse sI´p-]m- 

Sp-Iƒ IsØ-gp-Xnb Bfn\p Ipsdsb√mw a\- n-embn; ImWp-Ibpw 

Adnbp-Ibpw sNbvXn-S-tØmfw hnc-‡n-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv F∂p hy‡-amWv. 

ae-bm-f-Øp-\n∂p ]Ww In´m≥ ""Ah-Imiw'' Ds≠∂p iTn-°p-∂-h¿, 

""Iøn¬ Imin-√m-Ø .... -tI-h-eØn''emb-hs\ Ah-K-Wn®p ""sX≠p- 

Iev]\'' sImSp-Ø-Xn-ep≈ AXr-]vXnbpw D≠m-bn-cn-°mw.) 


c≠m-asØ ]mcm A¿∞-K¿`-am-Wv. H∂m-asØ hcn-bn¬ ImWp∂ 

""]m'' ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ (A-_vZ-≈m) Dt±-in-®m-sW-∂p-≈-Xn¬ kwib-an-√. 

""F√mw {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa-∂m-in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWmw'' F∂p≈ 

{]tbmKw aØmbn siΩm-»≥ \s√mcp Zo¿L-Z¿in BsW-t∂m, Bfp- 

Isf a\- n-em-°m≥ anSp-°≥ Fs∂m F¥mWv ImWn-°p-∂Xv? AXp 

F¥p-Xs∂ Bbmepw \mw F√mw I≠pw A\p-`-hn®pw icn°p Xs∂



56 

Adn-p. am¿ A_vZ≈m ]W-∏n-cn-hn\v ka¿∞-\m-sW∂v Cw•-≠n¬ 

Xma-kn-®-t∏m-gpw, ]t{Xmkv XrXo-bs‚ IqsS {KotKm-dn-tbm-kmbn ChnsS 

h∂ ImeØpw sXfn-bn-®n-cp-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn ae-bm-fØp h∂t∏mƒ 

""DS-a-ÿ≥'' BsW∂p `mhn-®-Xp-sIm≠v B Xcw ]ncn-hn\p 

Xp\n-n-√m-bn-cn-°mw. A_vZ≈m kz¥w \mńepw ""[¿Ω-ti-Jcw'' ]Xnhm-°n-bn-cp∂p 

F∂v Cu IØv sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. 

3. At¥ymJym _‘w 

At¥ym-Jym-tbmSv ae-bm-f-Øn-\p≈ kJy-Xbv°v tcJ At\z-jn- 

®n´v Inń-bn√ F∂Xv hfsc hfsc {]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p∂ hkvXp-XbmWv. 

At¥ym-Jy¿ ae--cbv°v Fs¥m-s°sbm henb henb klmb-ßƒ 

{]mNo-\-Imew apX¬ sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p-s≠∂v Ah¿ \Sn-°p-∂p≠v. 

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ am¿tXmΩm H∂m-as‚ ÿm\w {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v 

{KotKm-dn-tbmkv hcp-∂-Xn\p apºv At¥ym-Jy-tcmSv {]tXyI _‘w 

H∂pw ae--cbv°v D≠mbn-cp-∂n-√. AXn\v apºv sa{Xm-∑msc Bh-iyap-≈-t∏mƒ, 

_m_n-tem¨, CuKp]vXmb apX-emb ]m{Xn-b¿°o-k- 

∑m¿°v Fgp-Xm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ÿm\w {Iao- 

I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp sa{Xms\ thW-sa∂v ]Xn-hp-t]mse ]e¿°v FgpXn. 

A[n-Im-c-koa hnkvXr-X-am-°p-∂-Xn\v ]‰nb Ah-kcw h∂n-cn-°p∂p 

F∂p I≠v, At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Hcp sa{Xms\ Ab®p 

sImSpØp F∂p sXfn®pXs∂ ]e Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p≠v. 

1665 t\mSv ASpØv {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Fs∂mcp sa{Xm≥ h∂p F∂p- 

≈Xpw Ncn-{X-Imc-∑m¿ s]mXpth kΩ-Xn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. At±lw 

h∂p Xß-fpsS sa{Xms‚ ÿm\w {Iao-I-cn-®-Xn-\m¬ tdmam-°m-cpsS 

\nin-X-amb hna¿i-\-ßƒ°pw B{I-a-W-ßƒ°pw Hcp Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øm≥ 

Ign-bp-sa∂v hniz-kn® ae-c \{km-Wn-Iƒ, AXym-h-iy- L-´-Øn¬ 

klm-b-lkvXw \oń-b-h-tcm-Sp≈ IS∏mSv hnfn®p ]d-bm≥ aSn-®n-√. 

{KotKm-dn-tbm-kn-s\bpw At±-lsØ Chn-tS°p \ntbm-Kn® A[n-Im-cnsbbpw 

Ah¿ FSpØp Xe-bn¬ h®p. Ad-_n-°-Y-bn¬ knw_mZv tXmfnte-‰n-b-Xmbn 

]d-bp∂ IS¬ Ing-h-\n¬ \n∂v Abmƒ°p-≠mb A\p- 

`hw ae-c \{km-Wn-Iƒ°v D≠m-IpI-bpw sNbvXp. BZy Imew apX¬ 

Xs∂ At¥ym-Jy¿ ae-c \{km-Wn-Isf ape-bqń hf¿Øn F∂mbn 

A°q-´¿. IrX-⁄-Xm-]m-cayw sIm≠m-bn-cn°mw Cu IY hf-cm≥ A\ph-Zn-®-Xv. 

1599 -˛¬ BWv sa\-knkv \{km-Wn-I-fn¬ `qcn-]-£sØ ASn®p 

tdmam-°qń¬ tI‰-nbXv. 1653 -˛¬ Iq\≥Ipcniv hnπhw hgn Ah¿ B 

Iqń¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. I„n®v 56 h¿j-amWv AhnsS 

\n∂-Xv. Fnepw aSßn t]mcmsX \n∂-h¿ ""]gb Iq‰p-Imcpw'' ]gb 


\ne-bn-tebv°p aSßnt]m∂-h¿ ""]pØ≥'' Iq‰p-Im-cpam-bn. Ah¿ B 

"]pØ≥' aSn- Iq-SmsX inc- m- h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C{X Hs°-tbbp-≈p 

P\-°q-´-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω F∂p sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv CsX-SpØp 

ImWn-®-Xv. AXp-t]mse Fßn-s\sbm Hcp At¥ymJym Iºw D≠mbn. 

AXn-t∑¬ ]nSn-®ßp Rmep-Ibpw sNbvXp Ft∂ ]d-bm-\p-≈p. 

bYm¿∞w Cuhn[w Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xp¿°n-bn¬ F{X-am{Xw KthjWw 

\S-Øn-bmepw tcJ-Iƒ In´m≥ am¿§-an-√-t√m. AhnsS tcJ-sbm- 

∂p-an-s√∂v ChnsS \n∂v Hcmƒ t]mbn Kth-jWw \SØn Xr]vXns∏´p 

F∂v tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp sIm≠mWv Cu IØn\p 

{]tXyI {]m[m\yw Ds≠∂p ]d--Xv. c≠p Zn°n¬ kpdnbm-\n-bn¬ 

Ft¥m Fgp-Xn-b-Xmbn ImWn-®n-´p-≠-s√m. AXp "_m¿ F{_mbm' 

F∂pw ""F¢o-kn-bm-Ãn°m'' F∂pw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ]{¥≠mw iX-I- 

Ønse Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb _m¿ F{_mbm t]mepw At¥ym-Jymbv°p 

ae--c-bn-t∑¬ I¿Øhyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-n-ń√ F∂p kmcw. 

HutK≥ dºms‚ Kth-j-Whpw \nco£-Whpw hgn At¥ym-Jym -˛ -a-e- 

-c-_‘w kw_-‘n®v icn-bmb Nne hnh-c-ßƒ \ap°v e`n-®p. 

C\n IØv H∂p t\m°mw. …o_m siΩm-»-\n¬ \n∂p th¿]ncnp. 

.... ""\nß-fpsS kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS \nt£]w F√mw I≠p'' ˛ 

lm-ky-ckw Xpfp-ºp-∂p. ""\nt£-]-ßƒ'' tIhew \n m-c-ßƒ Bbncp∂p 

\n›-bw. 

""\nß-fpsS kpdn-bm\n k`-tbmfw C{X Acn-„- k`'' F∂v Fgp-XnbXv 

""ssZh-Zq-jWw'' Bbn KWn-°m\pw Bfp-≠mbn F∂p ht∂-°mw. 

GXm-bmepw Xp¿°n-bnse kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS \nt£-]-ß-fpw, ÿm]- 

\-ßfpw kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw AwK-ß-fp-ambn [mcmfw CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw 

sNbvX-tijw Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-bXpsIm≠v, ""Acn„'', ""ae-bmfw F{X 

hntijw'' F∂o A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-´-h-bmsW∂p 

hy‡w. Ahbv°p apJ-hne sImSp-°-Ww. am¿ A_vZ≈m 

ChnsS h∂v B‰w-t_mw_v Fdn-bp-Ibpw X¬ê-ambn ChnsS c≠p 

I£n-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\p apºmWv Cu IsØ-gp-Xn-b-sX∂v 

Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A∂v B Zn°nse ""P\-ßƒ AXn-c‰ ZpxJ-Ønepw 

]›m-Øm-]-Ønepw'' Bbn-cp∂p \n›-bw. Ah-tcmSp \ap°p kl-X- 

]n-°mw. 


_n Fw. A°- {]-amWw 

HutK≥ dºm≥ H∂mw {]Xn°v (Ko-h-dp-Kokv Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv) Ab® 

XobXn C√mØ IØv F∂mWv CXn-s\-∏‰n hń-∏-W-t°-knse BZy


58 

PUvPn-sa‚n¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv. IØn¬ \n∂v kwK-X-amb `mK-ßƒ D≤-cn- 

°p∂p:-˛ 

"" ....- \-ΩpsS k` F√m ÿeØpw H∂m-bn-´mWv InS-°p-∂-Xv. Cu 

tZiØp hfsc Ipg-n-´p-≠v. ]m{Xnb¿-°o-kns‚ kwK-Xn-bn¬ henb 

Ipg∏w D≠m-Im≥ am¿§-ap≠v. ... hgn-s°m-≈-°mcpw I≈-∑mcpw \∂m 

h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p. AXn-{Iaw h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p∂ ka-b-am-I-bm¬ Bcp 

sSbpw C„w \S-°pw. ]gb ]m{Xnb¿-°o-kn¬ (A-_vZ¬ anin-lm) henb 

sXs‰m∂pw C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne {][m-\n-I-fpsS C„w km[n-®n-s√-t∂bp-≈p. 

Xpd-_vZo≥Im¿ F√m-hcpw At±-lsØ am{Xsa kzoI-cn-°p-Ibp-≈p. 

Cu tZi-Øp≈ sa{Xm-∑m-cn¬ kz¥w CS-h-I-°m¿ kzoI-cn-°p- 

∂-h¿ ct≠m I„n-®m¬ aqt∂m am{X-ta-bp≈p. `c-W-i‡n Cs√∂p 

am{X-a√ aZy-amw-km-Zn-Iƒ \√-t]mse D]-tbmKn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. .... -Du¿t«anse 

sa{Xm\pw amwkw \√-Xp-t]mse Xn∂p-∂p-s≠-∂mWv tIƒhn. ..- 

]p-Xnb ]m{Xnb¿-°o-kns\ hmgn-®n´p Xncn®p CS-h-I-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ 

]≈n-I-fn¬ Ib-‰m--Xn-\m¬ Nne-sc√mw (sa-{Xm-∑m¿) Xncn®p Zb-dmbn¬ 

FØn XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ... ]pXnb _mhmbv°v (A-_vZ-≈m-bv°v) 

ae-bm-f-sØØn Ipsd ]Ww ]ncn-®m¬ sIm≈m-sa-∂p-≠v. cmPm-h-\p-h- 

Zn-°p∂ ]£w IywXm Ign-m-ep-S≥ IpkvX¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-kn-te- 

°p≠v. i{Xp-°-fp-≈-Xn-\m¬ Is≠-nte Adn-p-Iq-Sp. bm{X apS-ßp- 

∂-]£w henb sa{Xm-®\v A[n-Imcw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xv kwibw BWv. 

F∂m¬ ]gb _mhm Iev]\ Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\p Xøm-dm-Wv. AhnsS 

sN∂n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ cl-ky-ambn Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. .....- …o-_md-ºm-®≥ 

t]mepw Adn-bm-sX-gp-Xp∂ C°m-cy-ßƒ ]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ 

_lp-am\w aqew FgpXn Btem-Nn-°p∂p Ft∂-bp-≈p. ...- A-t\Iw 

hne-tb-dnb ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Chn-S-ß-fn¬ NnX-dn-°n-S-∏p-≠v. ... -Hcp Imipw 

Iøn¬ C√. Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn\p IS-em-kn\p t]mepw ]W-an-√. ae-bm-f-Øp 

.....- h√ am\y- -∑mcpw klm-bn-s®-n¬....... 

t\m´v:˛ am¿ tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Ime-ØmWv 

CsX-gp-Xn-bXv F∂p hy‡w. ""henb sa{Xm-®≥'' F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p- 

∂Xv At±-lsØ Dt±-in-®p-X-s∂. ae--c-bn¬ a{]n-bm\sb hmgn-°m≥ 

]pXnb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv (am¿ A_vZ-≈m) Hcp-ßp-sa∂p teJ-I\p hnNmc-an-√. 

am¿ A_vZ¬ aninlm (]-gb _mhm) hmgn-°m≥ Xøm-dp-amWv 

F∂p IØn¬ ImWm-a-t√m. A_vZ-≈mbv°v ae-bm-f-sØØn ]Ww 

]ncn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ tamlw; ]gb ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ X≈n CSm≥ klmbn® 

sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS ÿnXn; taev]-´-°m-cpsS \ne, aZy-]m\w, amwks°mXn 

CsXms° Xpd∂p ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IqsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ «o_m 


Adn-bmsX! Du¿t«-anse am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv ""amwkw \√-Xp-t]mse 

Xn∂p-∂p≠v'' F∂-Xns‚ ]nºn¬ Hcp IY-bp-≠v. At±-l-hpw, IpkvX- 

¥o-t\m-t]m-eo-kn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ {]Xn-\n[n Bbn-cp∂ Xotam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm\pw GXm≠v Htc Xc-Øn¬ s]´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. Hcmƒ 

Xp¿°n-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\Øv k¿°m-cp-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ kuI-cy-ap≈ 

ÿm\Øv. A]-c≥ ss{IkvX-h-tem-I-Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-sa∂p hntijn-∏n-°m-hp∂ 

sbdp-i-te-an-epw. kzm[o-\hpw ]W-Øn-\p≈ kuI-cyhpw, 

Ch¿°v Hu∂Xyw \¬In. Ch¿ c≠mfpw Iq´p-sI-ń-em-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ 

A_vZ¬ anin-lmsb ÿm\-{`-„-\m-°p-∂-Xn\v Ch¿ kzm[o\w 

sNepØn. sbdp-i-te-anse sa{Xm≥ hne-°-s∏´ amwkw apdbv°p 

Xn∂p∂p. hon\v AhnsS hne-°p-an√. sbdp-itew sa{Xms‚ \ne 

CXm-bn-cp-s∂-n¬, Xp¿°n-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-sØ- ˛ -kp-J-t`m-K-{]n-b-∑mcpsS 

]dp-Zokm F∂p tIƒhn-s∏´ \K-c-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂- ˛ -Iq-´p-Imcs‚ 

ÿnXn F¥m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww F∂v Chn-Sp-≈-h¿ Duln-®p-sIm- 

≈s´ F∂p -h-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw B Imcyw Fgp-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp- 

Øm--Xv. 


HutK≥ dºm\pw ]nXmhv A{_lmw IØ-\mcpw



60 

4 

kphn-ti-j- ˛- hn-Zym`ymk 

{]h¿Ø-\-\nc-X≥ 

alm\Kc-amb a{Zm-kn¬ A[n-I-\mƒ XßmsX ae--c-bn¬ Xncns®-Ønb 

HutK≥ dºm-®≥ hS-Ic ]≈nbpw kao-]- ÿ-e-ßfpw Xs‚ 

kphn-ti-j -˛- hn-Zym-`ym-k- {]-h¿Ø-\-cw-K-ß-fmbn kzoI-cn-®p. Ahn-sSbp≈ 

Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ \∑- sN-bvXp-sIm≠v Np‰n-k-©cn® 

dºm-®≥ kphn-tij {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS H´-[nIw IpSpw-_-ßsf 

{InkvXp-k-`-bn-te-°p -tN¿Øp. \qdp-IW-°n\v A[xIrX¿ k`m-X-cphns‚ 

ioX-f-Om-b-bn¬ Bizmkw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. GXm\pw h¿jßƒ°p-tijw 

aq°-t©-cn¬ ]t{Xmkv siΩm-»≥ Bcw-`n® …o_m- 

Zm-k-k-aqlw HutK≥ dºm-®s‚ al-Ømb the-bpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-bmsW-∂p 

-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. A[xIrX-cpsS aXw-am-‰sØ kzm¿∞- Xm-ev]cyw 

ap≥\n¿Øn FXn¿Ø kh¿Æ sslµ-hcpw k¿ kn. -]n. bpsS 

k¿°mcpw kr„n® {]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ XcWw sNøp-∂-Xn\p …o_m-Zmk-k-aqlsØ 

{]mcw`w apX¬ klm-bn-®Xv HutK≥ dºm-®-\-√msX 

a‰m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. kaq-l-°-∏-ens‚ "\qcw' F∂p kaqlw HutK≥ 

dºm-®s\ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. k`-bn¬ c≠p hn`m-K-ßƒ i‡-ambn 

{]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ ImeØpw kaq-l-Øn\p [m¿Ωn-I -]n-¥p-W -\¬Ip- 

Ibpw AXns‚ c£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv am¿ HutK≥ 

Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm -Xs-∂-bmWv. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS 

kl-I-cWw hS-°≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ …o_m-Zm-k -k-aq-l-{]-h¿Ø\w 

s]s´∂p hym]-n-°p-∂-Xn\v hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-bn®p F∂Xv Hcp Ncn- 

{X-k-Xy-am-Wv. kaq-l-Øns‚ BZy-Ime hm¿jn-I-tbm-K-ß-fn-se√mw 

XpS¿®-bmbn A≤y-£-X -h-ln®psIm≠n-cp-∂Xpw HutK≥ am¿ Xntam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm- X-s∂-bm-Wv. sIm√-h¿jw 1105 -˛¬ ]≈n- 

°-c- h®p \S∂ …o_m-Zmk kaq-l -hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ H. Fw. sNdnbm≥ 

{]kw-K-I-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømt]mI-cp-sX∂v 

At¥ymIym {]Xn-\n[n \ntcm-[n®p Fnepw At±lw 


]≈n-°c ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ A≤y-£-X -h-ln-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ kphn- 

tij Xmev]-cy-{]-hm-lsØ XS-bm≥ B¿°pw Ign-n-√. …o_m-Zmk 

kaq-l-Øns‚ F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ Un^≥kv Bbn-cp-∂p-sIm-≠v -sNbvX 

tkh-\-ßƒ At±-lsØ A\-iz-c\pw [\y-\p-am-°n-sb∂p kwi-b-tei-sat\y 

]d-bmw. 

k`-bn¬ tNcp∂ A[x-Ir-X-cpsSbpw a‰pw A`n-hr-≤n°v Cw•ojv hnZym- 

`ymkw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW-∂p≈ Nn¥- sIm-≠mWv C°m-cy-Øn¬ 

H´pw Xmev]cyw C√m-Xn-cp∂ hS-I-c-bnse Ipcn-in≥sXmń ssaXm-\Øv 

Hcp sIńSw \n¿Ωn®v 1918 -˛¬ At±lw Hcp Cw•ojv anUn¬kvIqƒ 

Bcw-`n-®-Xv. Cu sIń-S-Øns‚bpw ]n∂oSv \n¿Ωn® c≠p \ne- sI-ń-S- 

Øn-s‚bpw ]Wn-bn¬ HutK≥ dºm-®≥ A\p-jvTn® XymK-ßƒ 

C∂sØ Xe-ap-dbv°p a\- n-em-°m≥ {]bm-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. hS-Ic 

skbv‚ v tPm¨kv sslkvIq-fns‚ {]ikvX\mb ap≥ slUvam-Ã¿ 

sNΩ-pg kn. Fkv. kvIdnbm IØ-\m¿ Xs∂ AtX-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xp 

hmbn-°pI!: 

""1902 ˛¬ hS-Isc hnim-e-amb Hcp tZhm-ebw I≠v dºm-®≥ AhnsS 

FØn. Xs‚ kl-]m-Tn-I-fmb Xd-bm-\n¬ aØmbn IØ-\m¿ (C-t±lw 

Xt∂m-sSm-∂n®v bdp-i-te-an¬ t]mb-t∏mƒ AhnsS h®p Ncaw 

{]m]n®p), Ipfn-cm-¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m¿, Ip‰-n∏m-e-bv°¬ butk^v 

IØ-\m¿ F∂n-h-cp-am-bp≈ kvt\l-amWv Ahn-tS°v BI¿jn-®-Xv. 

Cu {]tZ-iØv hf-sc-b-[nIw ]nt∂m° kap-Zm-b- ]p-e-b¿ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. 

kphn-ti-j-th-ebv°v AsXmcp \√ hbem-sW-∂p- I≠v bP-am-\∑m-cpsSbpw 

kl-Ic-W-tØmsS AhcpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ Ib-dn-bn-dßn D]-tZin-∏m≥ 

XpS-ßn. Bh-iy-ap≈ klm-bn-I-sfbpw Inń. Ccp-\q-dn-e-[nIw 

IpSpw-_-ßƒ H∂-Sw amtam-Zokm ssIs°m-≠p. Ah¿°p ]≈n-Ifn¬\n∂p 

hkv{Xw- sIm-Sp-Øp. hnhm-lhpw ]pc- Iq-Zm-ibpw A®-∑mcpw 

dºm-®\pw \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp. ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

{]h¿Ø-\hpw Xma-kn-bmsX XpS-ßn. Ch-sc√mw Ct∏mƒ 

\√ \ne-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂p. Ch¿°v {]tXyIw ]≈n -h®v apt∂m-° -k-ap- 

Zm-b-°m-cpsS ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂p am‰n \n¿Ø-W-sa∂v D≠mb A`n-{]mbsØ 

]mtS \ntj-[n-®mWp {]h¿Øn-®-Xv. ]gb am∏n-f-bpsS aZy-]m\w 

amdm-Ø-Xp-t]mse Ch-cp-sSbpw amdn-bn-√. F∂m¬ ]≈nbn¬h®p ]gb 

am∏n-f-am-tcm-sSm∏w Ccn-°m≥ aSn® ]pXnb am∏nfsb Xs‚ H∏w IpSn- 

°m≥ A`n-am-\-tØmsS hnfn®p _©n¬ Ccp-Ønb ck-I-c-amb kw`h-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. 

]pXnb ]pXnb Xpd-I-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\-√msX 


\njv{In-b-\mbn Ccn-°pI Akm-≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ym-k-cwKw sXc- 

s-Sp-Øp. tIm´-b-Øn\pw Bep-hmbv°pw CSbv°v Cw•ojv kvIqƒ 

Hcn-SØpw Xs∂-bn-√. hS-I-c-∏-≈-nbn¬\n∂p IqØm-´p-Ip-fØp \S- 

Øn-h∂ Bwt•m sh¿\m-°p-e¿ kvIqƒ {Km‚psIm≠p\S-Øm≥ hnjan®p 

k¿°m-cn-te°p hn´p-sIm-SpØ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. hS-I-sc-Øs∂


62 

Hcp ss{]adn s]¨]-≈n-°pSw ]WnXp k¿°m-cn\p sImSp-°m-\p≈ 

{iaw ]cm-P-b-s∏´pw InS-∂p. Cu Np‰p-]m-Sn-emWp dºm-®≥ Cw•ojv 

kvIqƒ Imcyw Btem-Nn-®-Xv. ]ecpw s\‰n-Np-fp°n \ncmi {]I-Sn-∏n- 

®p. Ah¿ F{X-b-[nIw \ncm-i -{]-I-Sn-∏n-®pthm A{Xbpw A[nIw BibmWp 

dºm-®≥ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. ]≈n-°-SpØv Hcp ÿew sImSp- 

Øm¬ sIńSw At±lw Xo¿Øp-sIm-≈m-sa∂p ]d-p. F√m-hcpw 

kΩ-Xn®p. DS≥Xs∂ hS-I-scbpw kao-]-Øp-ap≈ ]≈n-°m-cpsS Hcp 

sNdnb tbmKw hnfn-®p-Iq-ń. Ah¿ klmbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. DS≥ 

Xs∂ ]W-∏n-cn-hn\p hoSp-tXmdpw \S-∂p. s\√pw ]Whpw XSnbpw tiJcn-®p. 

dºm-®≥ F{X sNdnb XpIbpw kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-®p. 

\me-W-hsc X∂Xp kz¥w ssI∏-Sbn¬ IW-°n¬ ImWm-\p-≠v. 

Cßs\ ]ncnhp \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°-th-bmWv Rm≥ At±-lsØ 

ho≠pw I≠p-ap-´p-∂-Xv. Rm≥ anUv kΩ¿ Ah-[n-°p- h-∂-t∏mƒ Fs‚ 

amXr- `-h-\-Øn¬ Fs‚ amXp-e≥ aØmbn IØ-\m-cp-sam-cp-an-®mWv Rm≥ 

I≠-Xv. kvIqƒ Im-cy-sØ-∏‰n Fs‚ A`n-{]mbw tNmZn-®p. Rm≥ hfsc 

t{]m’m-l-P-\-I-amb adp-]-Sn-bmWp sImSp-Ø-Xv. Rm≥ B kvIqfn¬ 

slUvam-Ã-dm-Ip-sat∂m Fs‚bpw kvIqfn-s‚bpw `mtKym-Zbw Hcp-an®p 

t]mIp-sat∂m Hm¿Ø√ Rm≥ ]d--Xv. Fs‚ e£yw Fs‚ Kpcp 

sI. hn. Nmt°m-bpsS \n¿t±-i-a-\p-k-cn®v Fw.- Un. skan-\m-cn-bm-bncp∂p. 

Fs∂-t∏mse t{]m’m-l-P-\-I-amb adp-]Sn Bcn¬ \n∂pw Inńbn-ń-s√∂v 

kt¥m-j-tØmsS At±lw adp-]Sn ]d-p. Rm≥ Cßs\-bp≈ 

Imcy-ß-fn¬ A∂pw C∂pw ip`m-]vXn- hn-izm-kn-bm-Wv. P\ß-fn¬ 

\m\m-Pm-Xn- a-X-ÿ-cn¬ \n∂pw Inńb XpIbpw km[-\-ß-fpwsIm≠v 

anUn¬kvIqƒ sIńSw hS-Ic ]≈n-ssa-Xm-\Øv Xo¿Øv 1093 

CS-h-Øn¬ {]n∏m-d-´-dn -¢mkv XpS-ßn. Fs∂ slUvam-Ã-dmbn \nban®p. 

F∂m¬ _n. F. bv°v Hcp hnjbw In´m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ 

ho≠pw Xr»n-\m-∏≈n Fkv. ]n. -Pn. tImf-Pn-te°p t]mbn. ChnsS \nc- 

WØp a´-bv°¬ Fw. _n. ss\\m≥ slUvam-Ã-dmbn \nb-an-°-s∏-´p. 

Akn-Ã‚ v sImti-cn¬ tXmakv IØ-\m-cpw. Bin-®-Xn-e-[nIw Ipń-Ifp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 

kvIqƒ amt\-P-c-mbn Ccn-°-W-sa∂p ]≈n-°m¿ At]- 

£n-®-Xns\ At±lw kzoI-cn-®p. A[n-Im-c-Øn\pw {]Xm-]-Øn\pw ]W- 


Øn\pw taml-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. kvIqƒ Imcy-ßƒ th≠-t]mse \S-Øn- 

s°m-≈m≥ sImti-cn-e-®\pw sNm≈-tº-e-®\pw a‰p-sams° A\p-hmZwsIm-Sp-Øn´v 

kztZ-i-tØ-°p-t]mbn. CS-bv°nsS Bh-iyw-t]mse h∂ncp-∂p. 

Rm≥ 1918 ¬ _n. F. ]m m-bn. Fs‚ Kpcp`qX\pw klm-bnbpw 

Bbn-cp∂ Fw. Un. slUvam-kv-‰¿ sI. hn. Nmt°m- am-Ã¿ Ahn-Sw-hn´p 

t]mIm≥ Btem-Nn-®-Xn-\mepw Rm≥ sX°v tPmen kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v 

Fs‚ Bfp-Iƒ°v kΩ-X-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\mepw Fw.- Un. bnte°p t]mIp- 

∂-Imcyw Dt]-£n-®p. Fs∂ hS-I-sc-Øs∂ ÿncw \nb-an-®p. `mKy-him¬ 

F∂p-Xs∂ ]d-b-s´, anUn¬ kvIqƒ sslkvIqfm-°Ww F∂ 

Btem-N\ 1919 Bcw`Øn¬ Xs∂ {]_-e-s∏´p. dºm-®≥ ho≠pw 

cwK-Øn-d-ßn. ]≈n-°m-cpsS tbmKw IqSn. Ab¬ ]≈n-°mcpw kl-Icn-°m-sa∂p 

]d-p. IqØm-´p-Ipfw Fd-Wm-Ipfw tdmUn\p kao]w 

hS-Isc AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb ssk‰p≈ Hcp sNdnb Ip∂n≥]p-dw, 

s\¬∏m-S-Øn\p sXm´v Gtg-°¿ ÿew, ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂p hne-bv°phm-ßn. 

Hcp ]q¿Æ- ssl-kvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v Hcp c≠p \ne sIńSw 

H BIr-Xn-bn¬ ]Wn-bm≥ XpS-ßn. ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂p ]Ww FSp-Øp. 

dºm-®≥ ]Whpw s\√pw XSnbpw ]ncn®p sIńSw Xo¿Øp. CXn\v Btdgp- 

h¿jw th≠n-h-∂p. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv dºm-®s‚ ico-cm-≤zm-\ 

-k-∂-≤-X, XymK-io-ew, ]W-∏n-cn-hn-\p≈ kma¿∞yw apX-em-bh ]q¿∆m- 

[nIw {]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. Aº-Xp -t\m-b-ºp- Im-e-amWv ]ncn-hn-\p≈ kabw. 

A∂v F√m-hcpw Xs∂ hoSp-I-fn¬ ImWpw. ]Whpw s\√p-ap≈ 

Ah-k-cw. `£-Whpw kev°m-c-ßfpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ H°mØ t\mb- 

ºv. ka-b-\„w IqSmsX hoSp-tXmdpw k©-cn-°m-\p≈ kuIcyw. At±l-Øn\p 

aq∂p aWn-°p- am{Xw eLp-`-£-Ww -a-Xn. IqsS t]mIp-∂h¿°v 

Bhiy aps≠-n¬ AsXms° t\csØ Ign-®p-sIm-≈-Ww. 

At±-l-Øns‚ t{]m{Km-an\p XS w h∂p-Iq-Sm. Hcp hoń¬ sN∂m¬ 

AhnsS ]d-ºn¬ \nev°p∂ F{Xbpw henb Bn-en-Ø-Sn-bn¬ IÆpsh®v 

AhnsS FØpw. "AXp Xcm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°t√ dºm-®m, AXns‚ 

ASpØ sNdpXp shńt°m' F∂v DS-a-ÿ≥ ]d-bpw. DSs\ sh´p-Imsc 

G¿∏mSp sN-bvXp-I-gn-p. ASpØ Znhkw Ad-°-°mcpw FØn. Ipt_c-IptNe 

hyXymkw IqSmsX kI-e-tcbpw kao-]n-°pw. Cw•ojv 

kvIqfn¬ ôkv sImSpØp ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ ASp-Ø -Im-esØßpw i‡nbn-√m-Ø-h-tcbpw 

hnń-√. Cßs\ henb XSn- Xs∂ thW-sa∂p ]d-bp- 

∂Xpw Xosc ]mh-s∏-´-hsc Hgn-hm-°m-Ø-Xp-sa-¥m-sW∂p Rm≥ Hcn- 

°¬ tNmZn-®p. AXp ]ncn-hns‚ a\ximkv{X-am-Wv. hen-bXp tNmZn-s®- 

nte sNdp-Xp- In-´p-I-bp-≈p. Xmc-X-tay\ ]mh-s∏-´-h-cn¬ \nt∂ A[nIw 

In´p-I-bp≈p F∂p ]d-p. AXp icn-bm-sW∂p Rßƒ ]Tn-®p. Hcp 

Znhkw Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠-cbv°v (3 aWn) hn{i-an®p Icn-°n≥sh-≈-amWp 

Ign-®-Xv. tZlw Im-Xn-\m¬ henb ]c-thiw h∂p hoWp. ""Rm≥ 

Ct∏mƒ acn-°pw. Fs‚-ta¬ ssIh®p {]m¿∞n°'' Ft∂mSp ]d-p. 

Rm≥ ]cn-{`-an-®p-t]mbn. DS≥Xs∂ AXym-h-iy-Øn\p acp∂v Hcp 




64 

hoń¬\n∂p Inń. Bizm-k-ambn. AdØ Dcp-∏-Sn-Iƒ h≠n-bn¬ Ib- 

‰p-∂-Xn\v Bƒ t]mcm-sX-h∂m¬ AXn-\pw -Iq-Spw. h≠n hgn-bnse Ipgnbn¬ 

XmWp-t]m-hpI A°m-eØp ]Xn-hm-Wv -˛- tdmUv sa‰n-en-´-X-√. 

At∏mƒ Imf-h-≠n-®{Iw ]nSn-®p-hn-Sp-∂-Xn\p dºm-®-\mWp apº≥. 

sImti-cn-e-®\pw IqSpw. Rm≥ AXn¬ i‡-\-√. dºm-®-∑m¿°v icocm-≤zm\w 

\ntcm-[n-®n-ń√ F∂p kam-[m\w ]d-mWp sNøp-∂-Xv. 

sIń-S-Øns‚ hm\w Xmgv-Øp-∂-Xn\v BZyw Inf-®Xp dºm-®-\m-Wv. 

AXpw Ipd-®p-t\-c-tØ°p sNbvXp. 

kwK-Xn-Iƒ apdbv°p \S-°-W-sa-∂-√msX [\tam {]Xm-]tam 

kpJtam Io¿Øntbm B{K-ln-®n-√. sIńSw 1928 ¬ sslkvIq-fm-bn.'' 

CXn-\nsS 1918 ¬ kz¥-ambn Hcp B{iaw D≠m-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p- 

Ibpw ae-bm-‰q-cn\p kao-]-ap≈ tImS-\m´v sNń-\S kotbm≥ B{iaw 

ÿm]n®v AhnsS Xma-k-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B{i-a-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v 

ÿm]n® ]≈n B Ing-°≥ {]tZ-iØp IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Ø-h-cpsS Bcm- 

[-\m-tI-{µ-am-bn. ]n∂oSv tImS-\mSv B{i-ahpw ]≈nbpw ]pXp-°n-∏-Wnbp-Ibpw 

am¿ HutK≥ sslkvIqƒ ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXn-\pth≠n 

am¿ HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm KWy-amb tXmXn¬ klmbn-®n-´ps≠∂p 

]tc-X-\mb amt\-P-c-®≥ Sn. kn. tP°_v Cu teJ-It\mSp 

apsºm-cn-°¬ ]d--Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p. CXn-\pw -]p-dta ]ndhw 

skan-\mcn anUn¬kvIqƒ, tIme-t©cn sslkvIqƒ, ]mºm-°pS am¿ 

Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sslkvIqƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ÿm]-\-Ønepw am¿ 

HutK≥ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \n¿Æm-b-I-amb ÿm\w 

hln-®n-cp-∂p. 


5 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

I≠\mSv `{Zm-k\ CS-h-I-bpsS sFI-I-WvtTy-\-bp≈ Xmev]-cy- 

{]Im-c-amWv bdpite-anse am¿ a¿t°m-kns‚ B{i-a-∏-≈n-bn¬ h®v 

1927- ˛¬ HutK≥ dºm-®s\ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv F∂ t]cn¬ a-\n-°c-bn¬ 

I_-dSßnb Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm hmgn- 

®-Xv. 

sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w Gev°p-hm≥ HutK≥ dºm-®≥ ioa-bv°p-t]m-bt∏mƒ 

Hcp cPn-Ã¿ DS-ºSn sImSp-Øp. sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w Gev°p-∂-h¿ 

cPn-Ã¿ DS-ºSn shbv°-W-sa∂ Hcp \n¿_‘ ]mc-ºcyw D≈-XpsIm≠mWv 

DS-ºSn Fgp-Xp-∂Xv F∂pw, F∂m¬ ae--c-k-`-bpsS D∂a-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb 

kwK-Xn-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, {]h¿Øn-∏n-°p- 

∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Xs‚ kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v Cu DS-ºSn _m[-I-am-hp-I-bn-s√∂pw 

DS-º-Sn-bn¬ tN¿Øn-cp-∂p. Cu DS-ºSn sa{Xm≥ÿm-\-Øn\p XS- hpw 

Xma-k-hp-ap-≠m-°n. Augen should be punished and returned F∂p Xncp-h- 

√m-bn¬ \n∂v Hcp Iºn ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\p Inń. am¿ At{]w (]n-∂oSp 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv) tkth-dn-tbm-kp-ambn kµ¿`-h-im¬ ImtXm-en-°mÿm-\-sØ-°p-dn®p 

hmZ-Øn¬ G¿s∏-tS-≠n-h-∂p. IqsS-bp≈ sNm≈tº-e-®≥ 

\b-Øn¬ s]cp-amdn _mhm-bpsS C„-Øn-s\mØv DS-ºSn 

Cw•o-jn¬ Hs∂-gp-Xn-s°m-Sp-∏n-®p. \mń¬ h∂-t∏mƒ AXp cPn-Ã-dm- 

°-W-sa∂v am¿ bqen-tbm-km-h-iy-s∏-´-Xn\v hgn-s∏-ń-√. A∂p-ap-X¬ am¿ 

bqen-tbm-kp-ambn ]nW-ßn-bmWp Ign-Xv. 

\mń¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-tijw ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sa{Xm-t∏meoØm 

Xma-k-am-°n. `{Zm-k\ Ac-a\ ]nd-hØp ÿm]n-°m-\mbn ]ndhw- 

]≈n At©-°¿ ÿew kuP-\y-ambn \evIn-sb-nepw ]e Imc-Wß-fm¬ 

Ac-a\ ]Wn \S-∂n-√. Cu ÿew ]ndhw ]≈n-°p-Xs∂ 

]n∂oSp -h∂ I≠-\mSv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm hn¬°pI-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. `{Zmk-\-Øn\v 

Hcp ^≠p-≠m-°m-\mbn HutK≥ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm sNdmbn 

_mn¬ Hcp Nnń tN¿∂p. 


XpS¿∂v {i≤- Xn-cn-®Xv aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bv°m-Wv. I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\- 

Øns‚ {]Ya sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp∂ am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv 300 

cq]bv°v (]n-∂oSv {]Y-a ImtXm-en°m am¿ _t -en-tbmkv ]utemkv 

{]Y-a≥) aqhm-‰p-]pg ]´-WØns‚ kap-∂-X-amb Hcp `mKØv Fw. kn. 

tdmUn\p sXm´p hmßn-®n-ń-cp∂ ÿehpw sIń-Shpw ]m´-°m-cn¬ \n∂p


66 

1113- ˛¬ ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sNdp-sI-ń-S-Øn¬ Xmak-am°n. 

ÿew hmßm≥ ]Ww C√mXncp-∂-Xn-\m¬ 300 cq]bv°v 

t{]mankdn -t\m-s´-gpXns°mSp-ØmWv B ÿew ]≠v hmßn-b-Xv. B 

]pc-bnSw BZm-b-I-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øv, AhnsS Ct∏mƒ ImWp∂ ]≈n 

]Wn-bn-®p. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿°v aqhm-‰p-]p-gbn¬ Hcp 

Bcm-[-\-mÿew Cß-s\-bp-≠m-bn. Cu ImeØv Npcp°w siΩm-»- 

∑mcpw AhnsS h∂p Xma-kn®p ]Tn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-cn¬ A¥-cn® sIm®n 

CS-h-I-bpsS bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbm-kv, A-amen CS-h-I-bpsS 

am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv, Ct∏m-gsØ F{_lmw am¿ ¢oankv F∂n-hcpƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 

I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\sØ Ipsd-\mƒ `cn® am¿ Iqdn-temkv Xncp-ta\n 

]ndhw skan-\m-cn-°mbn ]Xn-∏n-s®-SpØXpw sa{Xm≥Iq-s∏∂v Adn-bs∏-ń-cp-∂Xpamb 

aq∂q-dn¬∏cw G°¿ hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ tNcn-°¬ 

NmØ-a‰w {]tZ-iØv InS-∂n-cp-∂p. Ct±lw `c-W-ta-ev°p-∂-Xn\p apºp- 

Xs∂ B hkvXp ]W-bambpw ]m´-ambpw ssItb-‰-ambpw A\ym-[o-\s∏-´v 

ssIh-i-°m-cpsS tZl-fi-Øn¬ Bbn-°-gn-n-cp-∂p. Hgn-∏n-s®- 

Sp-°¬ Akm-≤y-am-bn. Fnepw 10 G°¿ ÿew Hgn-∏n-s®-SpØp. _: 

sNΩ-pg kvIdn-bm -I-Ø-\m-cp-tSbpw a‰pw ]cn-{i-aw- sIm≠v Hcp 

d∫¿tXm´w XpS-ßn. kmº-ØnI ]cn-an-Xn-sIm≠v th≠n-S-tØmfw {i≤ 

AXn¬ ]Xn-n-√. aqhm-‰p-]pg Xma-kn-°p∂ Ime-ß-fn¬ kap-Zmb 

hg°p \nan-Øhpw a‰pw kmº-Øn-I-ambn a‰p -X-c-Ønepw sa{Xm-t∏meoØm 

hfsc A[nIw {]bmkw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ ]gb IpSn¬ sIńSw Ifv AhnsS 

Hcp Ac-a-\-sI-ńSw ]Wn-b-W-sa∂v sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v B{K-l-ap- 

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kam-[m-\-ap-≠mb DS≥ AXn-\m-bn-´mWv {ian-®-Xv. \n¿`m- 

Ky-h-im¬ AXn-\m-tem-Nn-°m≥ IqSnb tbmKw ]ncn-®p-hn-tS-≠n-h-cn-IbmWp 

sNbvX-Xv. tPmbn‚p- sa-{Xm-®-\mb ]ueqkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkns‚ 

kl-I-c-W-°p-d-hp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂. CXn¬ hfsc A[nIw thZ- 

\n®p. H∂pw sNømsX F√mw Dt]-£n®v tImS-\m´v B{i-a-Øn¬ hn{ian-°-W-sa-∂p-t]mepw 

Nn¥n-®p. Ipd-®p-t]¿ ss[cyw- sIm-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ 

kt¥m-j-am-bn. ]W-∏n-cn-hn\p sX°≥ CS-h-I-I-sfbpw kvt\ln-X-scbpw 

I≠p. 31000 cq]m sNe-hp-sNbvXv H∂mw-\ne ]Wn-bn®p. c≠mw \ne 

]Wn-Xp- Im-Wm≥ B{K-ln-®p. AXn\v CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb 

9000 cq]m-bpsS Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hkvXp-°-fpw, 3000 cq]mbpw Gev]n-®p. 

tXm´w hn‰v 26000 cq]m-bpw, ]nd-hØv Ac-a-\-∏-d-ºp- hn‰v 3000 cq]mbpw 

CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p Inń. I≠-\m-Sn-S-h-I-bv°p -th≠n 


sNdmbn _mn¬ tN¿∂n-cp∂ Nnń-∏-W-Øn¬ aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-∏-d- 

ºn¬ tdmUv sskUn¬ ]WnX Ipcn-ipw-sXm-ń-°pw, Ac-a-\-s°-ń-S-Øn- 

\pw, NnIn-’-Iƒ°pw a‰v Bh-iy-ßƒ°pw sNe-hm-b-Xp- I-gn®p _m°n 

3000 cq]m sdUn Iymjm-bn´p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb Gev]n-®p. Hcp ssI 

apX¬ Ccn-°s´ F∂p Nn¥n-°pI km[m-c-W-am-Wv. F∂m¬ sa{Xm- 

®≥ Aßs\ sNbvXn-√. tIm´-bØp t]mbn Xmakw Dd-∏n-® -Im-eØpw 

c≠mw \ne-sb-∏‰n At\z-jn-®p-sIm≠ncp-∂p. c≠mw \ne Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ 

kt¥m-jn®v AhnsS sN∂p- I≠v Xr]vXn-s∏-´p. H∂mw \ne ]Wn-Xt∏mƒ 

1958 -˛¬ D≠mb kam-[m-\-sØbpw sIńSw ]Wn-X-Xn-s\bpw 

a‰pw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp am¿_nƒ ine AhnsS shbv°-W-sa∂p 

Nne¿ ]dp Fnepw Aßs\ {]iw-k-sbm∂pw ths≠-∂p-]-dv 

Ahsc hne-°n. ]t£ sNΩ-pg A®≥ ine-bn¬ Imcy-ßƒ sImØnh-®p. 

AXn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p:- 

To the Glory of God and in Jubilant memory of the mutual acceptance 

of the Patriarchate and the Catholicate on 16 - 12 - 1958, during 

the blessed period of H. H. the Patriarch of Antioch Moran Mar Ignatius 

Yakoob Ill, and H. H. the Catholicose of the East Moran Mar Baselios 

Gheevarghese II this Metropolitan Residence was erected by H. G. 

Mar Augen Themotheose Metropolitan of the Kandanad Diocese on 

this site earned by H. H. Moran Mar Baselios Paulose I, the Catholicose 

of the East, first installed in India in 1912 and formerly H. G. Mar 

Ivaniose Metropolitan of happy memory of the Kandanad Diocese. 

Muvattupuzha 

15 - 8 - 1961 

Ac-a-\-bn¬ H∂mw ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS FÆ-Ombm ]S-hpw, am¿ 

HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS FÆ-Ombm ]Shpw Fgp-Xn-h-®p. CsX-gp-Xp-∂ - 

kabw ]S-ßfpw …m_pw AhnsS ImWp-∂n-√. 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Zo¿L\mƒ Xma-kn-®-Xp-sIm-≠pw, AhnsS at\m-l-c-amb 

Ac-a-\-sI-ńSw Xm≥ Xo¿Ø-Xp-sIm-≠pw, ImtXm-en°m Bbm¬Ø 

s∂bpw, Ahn-Sw- hn-´p-t]m-ImsX in„m-bp v Ign-°-W-sa∂v Hcp 

tXm∂¬, F√m-h¿°p-sa-∂-t]mse am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-®\pw 

D≠m-Im-sa∂p Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm hnNm-cn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ 

Ime-tijw tIm´-b-Øp-h∂p ImtXm-en-°m-am-cpsS HutZym-Kn-I-h-k-Xnbn¬Øs∂ 

Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂p sa{Xm-®-t\mSp ]d-b-W-sa∂v Hcn-°¬ 

sNΩ-pg A®-t\mSp Iev]n-®p. A®≥ B hnhcw sa{Xm-®s\ Adn- 




68 

bn®p. "A®-\-dn-p-Iq-tS, F√mw \∂m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂-√m-sX, F\n°v 

H∂n-t\mSpw ]‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°-W-sa∂ kz`m-h-an-s√∂v' F∂p adp-]Sn 

]dp. ]e ÿeØpw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v, ]e ÿm]-\-ßfpw D≠m- 

°n-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-sb-°p-dn®v kzbw {]iw-kn-°p-Itbm AhtbmSv 

Akm-[m-cW t{]aw ImWn-°p-Itbm sNøm-dn-√. 

tIm´-bØv sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bn¬ {]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ 

]dp:˛ ""Rm≥ aqhm-‰p-]pg \n∂p t]m∂Xv \∂m-bn. I≠-\m-Sn-S-h-I- 

°m¿ Fs∂ ad-∂Xv Hcp -X-c-Øn¬ KpW-am-bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ 

{i≤ B¿°pw FØp-s]-SmsX ssIsb-gp-Øn-¬ am{Xw InS-°p∂ kpdnbm\n{KŸ-ßƒ 

X¿÷-a -sN-øp-∂-Xn-em-Wv. hfsc apsº Rm≥ B{Kln-®-Xm-Wv. 

Ct∏m-gmWv AXn-\p≈ ka-bhpw A®-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

Bfp-I-fp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.'' s]cp-\mƒ]-Sn-bp≈ s]≥Iokm \a-kvIm-c-Øn\pw, 

]nXm-°-∑m-cp-sS Hm¿Ωbv°pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xpw ]fin-X-∑mcpw `‡- 

∑m-cp-amb ]nXm-°-∑m¿ cNn-®n-´p-≈Xpw thZ-hm-Iyw-sIm≠pw h¿Æ-\sIm≠pw 

]cn-]p-„-am-°-s∏-ń-´p-≈-Xp-amb {]pan-tbm≥ {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ 

F{Xbpw \√ ae-bmf `mjm-ssi-en-bn¬ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-SpØn A®-Sn-∏n-®n- 

´p-≈Xv kmln-Xy-]-c-ambpw k`bv°v Hcp apX¬°q-´m-Wv. Bcm-[-\sb√mw 

ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°n-bn-cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv ta¬]-d kpdn-bm\n- 

{KŸß-fnse AXn-hn-ti-jhpw ]fin-tXm-Nn-X-hp-amb Bi-b-ßƒ ]pd- 

Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\v, B¿°pw Ignhn√m-sXbpw a\- n-√m-sXbpw 

InS∂v Ft∂-°p-ambn \„-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p sa{Xm-®≥ sNbvXn- 

´p≈ tkh-\-ßƒ hne- Xo-cm-Ø-h-bm-Wv. ]mºm-°pS ]tc-X-\mb aev]m- 

\-®≥ X¿÷-a -sN-bvXp-h-®n-cp∂ ]pXn-b-\n-baw ]cn-tim-[n®v A®-Sn- 

∏n®p. X¿÷-a- X-s∂-b√ At±lw sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. kzX-{¥- {K-ŸßƒXs∂ 

Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. atXm-]-tZ-i -k-Xy-ßƒ, ac-Wm-\-¥-cm-h-ÿ, 

hnip≤ kp∂-l-tZm-kp-Iƒ apX-em-b-h -X-s∂. hn.- Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS 

lqtØm-am, am¿tXmΩm-bp-tS-bpw, am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bp-sSbpw Hm¿a- 

Zn-h-k-ß-fnse s]≥Iokm \a-kvImcw Ch ]Zy-Øn¬Øs∂ ]c-n`mj-s∏-SpØn 

A®-Sn-∏n-®p. I≠-\mSv CS-h-I-°m¿ `qcn]-£hpw Dt]-£n- 

®Xpw aqhm-‰p-]pg hn´Xpw D¿∆-io-im-]-ap-]-Imcw F∂ \ne-bn¬ k`bv°p-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-I-bmWp 

sNbvX-Xv. ae--c-k-`-bn¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ `n∂- 

X-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ]e 

{ia-ßƒ \S-Øn. 

am¿ Gen-bmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae-bm-fØv FØnb-t∏mƒ D≠mb 

kam-[m-\m-tem-N-\-I-fn¬ h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\nbpsS 

]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-X-Xz-tØmSp tbmPn-®p-\n-∂p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o- 


kv -_mhm Imew -sN-bvX-tijw \S∂ ]e kam-[m-\m-tem-N-\-I-fnepw 

]mem-º-SØv h°o-en-t\m-sSmØp ]s-Sp-Øp. HSp-hn¬ Bephm h´ta-i-k-tΩ-f\w 

\S-Øn. A¥n-a-amb Hcp ]cn-{i-a-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. CtXm- 

Sp-IqSn ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -]-£sØ sa{Xm-∑m-cp-sS- Iq-´-Øn¬ \n∂v H‰s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn. 

ae--ck`-bn¬ kam-[m\w ssIh-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v \S-Ønbn-´p-≈-Xn¬ 

G‰hpw {][m-\hpw tcmam-©-P-\-I-hp-amb {iaw HutK≥ 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Bep-hmbn¬ 

\S-Ø-s∏-´-XmWv. ImtXm-en°m hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]´-Xz-Øn\p \yq\- 

X-bp-s≠∂p hmZn®p h∂-hsc Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th≠n ""hr≤≥ ]p∂qkmb'' 

].- _-t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv c≠m-a≥, ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m- 

KsØ sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-\n∂v s{Imbn-tØmZv dqlm 

F∂ {]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dmbn. ]´-Xz-Øn\v Fs¥-nepw \yq\- 

X-bp-≠m-bn-´-√. kam-[m-\m¿∞w A¥na{iaw \S-Ønb HutK≥ am¿ 

Xntam-Øn-tbm-kn\pw A°mcyw \√ Xn´-am-bn-cp-∂p. kam-[m\w Bflm¿ 

∞-ambn B{K-ln-®n-cp∂ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-®s‚ \n¿_‘w aqew 

Xe-Ip-\n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. ]m]an√mØ ainlm Xºp-cm≥ ]m]n-Isf 

c£n-°m≥ th≠n Cu temI-Øn¬ h∂-Xp-t]mse, _mhm Cu hyhÿbv°p 

hnt[-b-\m-I-W-sa∂v am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®t∏mƒ 

_mhm FXn-cp-]-d-n-√. 

Bephm Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\mcn ]≈n aZv_-lm-bn¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm Ab® Hcp {]m¿∞\ Xs‚ kl-]mTn Bbn-cp∂ 

AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-®≥ sNm√n kzoI-cn-°-W-sa-∂p≈ hyhÿ 

AwKo-I-cn®v B I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]s-Sp-°m≥ At±lw kΩ-Xn®p. k`bpsS 

tbmPn-∏pw, kzmX{¥y kwc-£-Whpw km[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ GI 

am¿K-a-Xm-sW-n¬ AXn\p Xe-h-W-ßm≥ At±lw k∂n-ln-X-\mbn. 

{]m¿∞-\-bpsS \°¬ At±lw ImWp-Ibpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXp. ]´w-sImS hmN-I-sam-∂p-an-s√-nepw ]cn-ip-≤mfl \¬h-c-sØ- 

°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i\w AS-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p B {]m¿∞\. BZyw Xncpta-\nbpw 

IqsS-bp≈ sa{Xm-∑mcpw B kzoI-cW {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ kw_- 

‘n-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p hyh-ÿ. _mhm AXn\pw FXncp ]d-n-√. 

Nne sa{Xm-∑m¿ AXn¬ ssha-\kyw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. _mhm Xs∂ kzoIcW 

{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ kw-_-‘n-®-tijw a‰p sa{Xm-∑m-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ 

_mhm kzoI-cW {]m¿∞\ \S-Øn-bm¬ aXn-sb-∂p≈ t`Z-KXn Ah- 

X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´p. Zo¿L-amb Btem-N\ \S-Ønb tij-amWv am¿ AØm- 

\m-tkymkpw am¿ bqen-tbmkpw AXn\p kΩXw aqfnb-Xv. henb {]kn- 

≤o-I-c-W-sam∂pw IqSmsX cl-ky-ambn Cu I¿Ωw \n¿h-ln-°m-sa- 

∂m-bn-cp∂p ]c-kv]c kΩ-Xw. AXp-sIm≠v cm{Xn-bn-emWp _mhm Xnc- 



70 

pta\n Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xn\p {Iao-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 

_mhm bp.- kn. tImf-Pn¬ \n∂p bm{X Xncn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ 

at\m-ssh-jayw Adn-n-cp∂ t\Xm-°ƒ hmhn´p Icp. Nne¿ 

t]mIp-∂-Xns\ XS- -s∏-Sp-Øn. Xm≥ ÿm\w Hgnp amdn \nt∂- 

°mw. kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-th≠n a‰m-sc-sb-nepw ImtXm-en-t°m-kmbn 

hmgn-°m≥ Xncp-ta\n \n¿t±-in-®XmWv. 

Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ CtX kabw as‰mcp hSw-h-en-bmWp 

\S-∂-Xv. ImtXm-en°m ]£sØ F√m Xncp-ta-\n-amcpw kzoI-cW 

{]m¿∞-\-bn¬ kw_-‘n-°-W-sa-∂p≈ hmZ-Øn¬ \n∂v am¿ bqen-tbmkns\ 

]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ hfsc {iaw th≠n-h-∂p. Ah-km\w At±lw 

_mhm am{Xw aXn-sb∂p kΩ-Xn-®p. B hnhcw Adnp Ign-mWv 

_mhm tImf-Pn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-´-Xv. F∂m¬ Xr°p-∂Øv skan-\m-cnbn¬ 

sN∂-t∏mƒ am¿ bqen-tbmkv t]mbn-°-gn-n-cp-∂p. am¿ AØm- 

\m-tkym-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ kzoI-cWw \S-Øn-bm¬ aXn-sb∂p ]d- 

m-Ws{X At±lw ÿew hn´-Xv. F∂m¬ X\nsb AXp \n¿h-ln- 

°m≥ G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ kwi-bm-ep-hm-bn-Øo¿∂ am¿ AØm-\mtkymkv 

D`-b-k-Ω-X-{]-Imcw kzoI-c-W-I¿Ωw \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Xøm-dmbn-√. 

]n∂o-Sp≈ Ncn{X kw`-h-ßƒ \nco-£n-°p-tºmƒ, ssZh-Øns‚ 

{]Xy-£-amb CS-s]-S¬sIm≠v A\m-h-iy-amb Hcp Iogvh-g-°-Øn¬ 

\n∂p ae-ck`sb c£n-°-bmWp sNbvX-sX∂p ImWmw. 1116 ao\w 

11 \p Bcw-`n®p 16 \p Ah-km-\n® h´-tai ktΩ-f-\hpw k`sb tbmPn- 

∏n¬ FØn®n√. CtXmsS ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øns‚ s]m≈-Øcw 

Hcn-°¬ IqSn hy‡-ambn. ]t≠ D≈n¬ ImtXm-en°m hn`m-K-°m-c-\mbn-cp∂ 

HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, k`-bpsS \∑-bv°p-th≠n 1942 

¬ ImtXm-en-°msb kzoI-cn-®Xv CXn-s‚-sbms° shfn-®-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p. 

Hcp kp{]-`m-X-Øn¬ ImtXm-en-°msb aqhm-‰p-]p-gbv°p £Wn-®-X-√. 

h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ°p th≠n am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkpw km£m¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkpImc-\m-bn-cp∂ 

aq°-t©-cn¬ ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øntbmkpw 

kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw X{¥-]q¿∆w \oßn-bXv Xß-fpsS k`m 

ZuXyw XI-cm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kap-Zm-b-t°-kn¬ ImtXm-en-°m-]£- 

Øn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn icn-bmb Imt\m≥ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p _. tIm\m´v 


amØ≥ aev]ms‚ injy≥ _. tImX-aw-K-eØp amdm-t»-cn¬ Có-cm 

aev]m≥ Xs‚ injy≥ _. tIm\m´v A{_-lmw -a-ev]m≥ F∂n-h-scm- 

∂n®p samgn- sIm-Sp-Øp. ]mºm-°p-S -\n∂p 700 sIm√-Øn-e-[nIw ]g-°ap≈ 

ioa ssIsb-gpØp Imt\m≥ ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂-Xn\p t{]c-W- \¬InbXv 

Ct±-l-am-Wv. kwK-Xn-Iƒ Cßs\ {ZpXK-Xn-bn¬ \oßn. 

Cßs\ aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂ -Im-eØv 1118 (1942) -˛¬ Aca-\-bn¬ 

h®v I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ s]mXp-tbm-K-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ 

am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmsb ]c-ky-ambn kzoIcn®v 

HmIvkn-tbmkv ]mSn. AsXms° im¥-ambpw `wKn-bmbpw \S-s∂- 

nepw `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ kam-[m-\-°p-d-hm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. an° ]≈n-I-fnepw 

c≠p I£n-Iƒ XΩn¬ hyh-lm-c-ßfpw \S-∂p. 

Xma-kn-bmsX tIm´bw sshZnI skan-\mcn {]n≥kn-∏m-fmbn AhnsS 

Xma-k-am-°n. Iptd-°-gnp Xpº-a¨ CS-h-I-bpsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv (]p-Ø≥Im-hv) Imew -sN-bvX-t∏mƒ B CS-h- 

IbpsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn ]Ø-\w-Xn-´-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p. 1953 -˛¬ 

tIm´-b-Øp-h®p \S-Ønb sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\m-`n-tjI I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]psIm-≠p. 

A∂mWv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kv, am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kv, am¿ 

]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kv, am¿ Iqdn-tem-kv, am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv F∂o sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-am¿ 

hmgn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Xpº-a¨ CS-h-I-bpsS `cWw i‡-\mb 

Zm\n-tb¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv G‰-t∏mƒ ]Ø-\w-Xn´ hn´v aqhm-‰p-]pg-sbØn 

Xma-kn-®p. Xm≥ hf-sc -\m-fmbn B{K-ln-®n-cp∂ kam-[m\w 

ImWp-hm≥ CS-bm-bXv At∏m-gm-Wv. 1958 -˛¬ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n-bp- 

≠m-hp-Ibpw Xma-kn-bmsX 1958 Unkw-_-dn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw ImtXmen-°mbpw 

XΩn¬ ]c-kv]c kzoI-cWw \SØn IØp-Iƒ ssIam-dp- 

Ibpw sNbvXp. a\- n\p henb kam-[m\w D≠m-bn. I≠-\mSv `{Zmk\-`-cWw 

Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-Øs∂ \ne-hn-en-cp-∂p. Nne hyh-ÿ-Iƒ 

A\p-k-cn®p apt∂m-´p- \o-ßm-\p≈ {ia-ßfpw hnP-bn-®n-√. Ac-a\ ]Wnbp-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

FXn¿∏p-Isf IqSp-X¬ i‡n-tbmsS X≈nam‰n sNΩ- 

pg A®s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ac-a\ ]Wn \S-∂p. CXn-\nsS Hcp ikv{X- 

{In-bbv°p hnt[-b-\mbn GXm\pw BgvN-Iƒ sh√q-cn¬ Xma-kn-t°- 

≠n-h∂p Fnepw kpJw {]m]n®p Xncp-ta\n aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ Xma-kn- 

°p-tºmƒ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn sFI-I-WvtTy\ sXcs-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 




72 

6 

]ndhw a¿±\w 

]pjv]i-ø-sb∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\w 

G‰-ti-jw, HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns‚ bm{X ap≈p-Iƒ \nd 

hgn-bn-eq-sS-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ae--c-k-`m`m-kp-c-\mb h´-t»-cn¬ Kohdp-Kokv 

am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tb-°mƒ {]bm-k-ß-fpw 

]oU-\-ßfpw "]e-h´w ]ń-Wnbpw' kln-t°-≠n- h-∂n-´p-≠v. 

At¥ym-Iy-bnse kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k-`-bp-ambn \√ _‘w 

A`wKw XpS-c-W-sa-∂m-{K-ln® At±lw Ahn-sS-\n-∂p≈ \oXn-c-ln-Xamb 

{]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Ak-¥p-„-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Fnepw k`-bn¬ kam- 

[m\w D≠m-t°-≠Xv k`-bpsS C¥y-bnse ZuXy hnP-b-Øn\pw 

e£yt\´-Øn\pw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW-∂p-I≠ am¿ Xntam-Øntbmkv 

AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. 1938 -˛¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mK-°m¿, ]gb skan- 

\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ F∂p- 

IqSn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ "I√m-t®-cn¬ ]p∂q-kns\' H∂mw-{]-Xn-bm°n 

tIm´bw Pn√m-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ tIkv ^b¬ sN-bvXp. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn- 

\p-am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ ÿm\hpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw ImtXm-en-t°mkn\p 

\¬Ip-Ibpw Hcp `c-W-L-S\ D≠m°n {]Xn-Iƒ ]pXnb k` ÿm]n- 

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂m-bn-cp∂p A\ym-b-Ønse {][m\ Btcm-]-Ww. 

tIkp hmZw-tI´ kvs]j¬ PUvPn _n. IrjvW-ø¿, bYm¿∞ 

Imt\m≥, A_vZ¬ an-in-lm-bpsS apS°v F∂o Imcy-ß-fn¬ am¿ bqentbmkv 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm sImSpØ samgn I≈-am-sW∂p ka¿∞n- 

°p-Ibpw Ahsb Hcp taev]-´-°m-cs‚ "Ahn-ip-≤ -{]-hrØn' F∂p 

hnti-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp IØnse Xob-Xnbpw Imt\m≥ kw_- 

‘n® Xncp-Øp-amWv ]c-ky-ambn am¿ bqen-tbm-kns\ I≈-s\∂p 

ho≠pw ap{Z-b-Sn-°m≥ CS-bm-°n-b-Xv. 

A_vZ¬ aninlm 1912- ˛¬ ÿm]n® ImtXm-en-t°‰v km[p-hm-sW- 

∂p-Im-Wn®p HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb eLpte-J-bn¬ 

XobXn kw_-‘n-®p-h∂ Hcp ]cm-a¿i-\-amWv bqen-tbmkns\ 

shń-em-°n-b-Xv. 1943 -˛¬ D≠mb tIm´bw tImS-Xn-hn[n ImtXmen-°m-`m-K-tØ°v 

hfsc A\p-Iqe-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hn[n-°p-ap-ºp- 

Xs∂ Nne kam-[m-\m-tem-N-\-Iƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. AXn¬ {][m- 

\-s∏-´-XmWv Bep-hm-bn-te-Xv. 

Xm≥ t\XrXzw sImSpØ Bep-hm-bnse kam-[m-\-{iaw hnP-b- 


Øns‚ h°n¬ FØn-b-tijw XI¿∂-Xn¬ IpWvTn-X-\mb HutK≥ 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv kam-[m-\-{i-a-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp- 

`mKsØ NXn-sb-∏-‰nbpw I≠-\mSv ]≈n-{]-Xn-]p-cp-j-tbm-K-Øn¬ hnhcn-®-tijw 

ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmsb kzoI-cn-®p. k`-bpsS ]ptcmK-Xn°pw 

kzmX-{¥y-Øn\pw ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k\w IqSn-tbXocp F∂v 

At±lw ka¿∞n-®p. Aßs\ At±-lhpw `{Zm-k-\hpw 1942 HtŒm- 

_¿ 7 ˛\p ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ sImSn-°o-gn¬ h∂p. adp-]-£-Øns‚ 

FXn¿∏pw X{¥-ß-fpw -aqew `{Zm-k-\-Ønse an° ]≈n-Ifpw ]n∂oSv 

CS-bs\ X≈n-∏-d-p. 

{]Xn-Iq-e -km-l-N-cy-ßƒ Xnc-am-e-Iƒt]mse B-Sn-®p. ]t£ 

Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Snb B hS-hr£w adn-p-ho-Wn-√. CtX XpS¿∂mWv 

Ip{]-kn-≤-amb ]ndhw a¿±\w D≠m-b-Xv. 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Iogn¬h∂-tijw aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bnse Hcp sjÕn¬ 

Xma-kn® Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb B]¬L-´-Øn¬ `{Zm-k-\- 

Ønse Npcp°w Nne ]≈n-Iƒ am{X-amWv klm-bn-®-Xv. bma {]m¿∞- 

\-I-fnepw t\mºnepw D]-hm-k-Ønepw \n∂p {hX-\n-jvT-\mb Xncp-ta- 

\nbpsS ZrV-\n-›-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw am‰m≥ B¿°pw Ign-n-√. Hcn- 

°¬ Xs‚ amXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-]p-{X-\mb hb-en-∏-d-ºn¬ am¿ {KntKm-dntbmkv 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ h∂v hf-sc-b-[nIw hmKvZm-\ßƒ 

\¬In am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns\ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]£-tØ-°p- 

Xn-cn®p ]nSn-°m≥ \S-Ønb {ia-ßƒ H∂pw ên-®n-√. 

am\p-jnI aqey-ßƒ°v A\y\pw ae--c-bnse ]nf¿∏ns‚ I∏n-Øm- 

\p-am-bn-cp∂ am¿ bqen-tbm-kn\p ]nSn-In-´m-Xn-cp∂ c≠v taev]-´-°m-cmbn-cp∂p 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkpw sIm®n CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ tkth-dntbm-kpw. 

1958 -˛-\p -ti-j-amWv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ 

Iogn¬ h∂-Xv. aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ X≈n-°-f aqe-°-√mbn ÿnXn-sNbvXt∏mƒ 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkns\ tdmam-k-`-bn-te°v £Wn-°m≥ Nne¿ 

taml\ hmKvZm-\-ß-fp-ambn FØn ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ \oń. Ch-cn¬ ssZh 

apºmsI sNbvX {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ Im‰n¬ ]dØn Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`hn´v 

tdmam-k-`-bn¬ tN¿∂ Nocm-tØm´w ^m. kn.- F. G{_-lmw, ^m. 

‰n. hn. tPm¨ (bp.- kn.- tIm-f-Pv), ^m. hn. kn. Koh-dp-Kokv (B-ep-h) 

F∂n-h¿ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. aqhm-‰p-]pg \n¿Ω-em- tIm-f-Pns‚ ap≥ {]n≥kn- 

∏¬ ^m. aqtØSw e£y-{]m-]vXn-°mbn Nne IØp-Iƒ Ab-®n-cp-∂p. 

Xncp-h\-¥-]pcw B¿®v_n-j∏v _\-UnŒv am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkpw k`m 

]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\mbn {ian-®p. {]tem-`-\-ßƒ aqhm-‰p-]pg Bdp-t]mse 

s]cpIn Fnepw Hcn-°-embn `c-taev]n® hnizm-k-Øns‚ LmX-I-\m- 



74 

Im≥, ]md-t]mse Dd®p \n∂ At±lw Xøm-dm-bn-√. ae--c-bn¬ k` 

ÿm]n-®Xv am¿tØmΩm «olm-bm-sW∂pw CXc k`-Iƒ°v AXnt∑¬ 

A[n-Im-c-an-s√∂pw Ing-°ns‚ A∏-kvtXm-e\pw {]Ya sa{Xm\pw 

am¿tØm-Ωm-bm-sW∂pw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-h∂ 

am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv tdmam k`-bpsS \mW-b-ßfpw ÿm\-am-\-ßfpw 

XrW-h¬K-Wn-®p. kXy-hn-izm-khpw XXz-ß-fpw, an∂p∂ \iz-c-amb 

\mW-b-ß-fpsS apºn¬ IqSp-X¬ tim`n-°p-sa∂v kzbw ImWn-®p-sIm- 

SpØ Xncp-ta\n IqSp-X¬ {]Im-in-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

ae-c-k-`-bn¬ tIkp-s≠∂pw ]q¿Æ-X-bv°p-th-≠n-bmWp Xm≥ 

k` hnSp-∂-sX∂pw ]d-p-sIm≠v _Y\n am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv tdmam 

k`-bn¬ tN¿∂-Xns\ XpS¿∂v At±lw ae--c-k-`-bnse ]e {]apJ 

hy‡n-I-sfbpw tdmam-k-`-bn¬ tNcm≥ £Wn®p. a‰p-k-`-I-fn¬ ImWp- 

∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ {]K¬`-cmb H´-[nIw hy‡n-I-fp≈ k`-bmWv tdmam 

k`-sb∂pw £W-°-Øn¬ ]d-n-cp-∂p. k`-bn¬ Fs¥-nepw hy‡n- 

]-c-amb {]iv\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ km[m-c-W-°m-cmb Nne¿ k` amdpI 

]Xn-hmsWnepw k`m kw_-‘-amb Adnhpw k`tbmSp Iqdpw XXz 

Zo£-bp-ap≈ kap-∂X hy‡n-Isf AØcw {]iv\-ßƒ H∂pw Ae-´p- 

I-bn-s√-∂mWv HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kns‚ al-Ømb amXrI 

hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. 

am¿ HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS XZzmcm ae-ck`-bp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-Ønse 

IdpØ Hc-≤ym-b-amWp ]ndhw kw`-hw. {]_p-≤-amb ]ndhw hen-b-]≈n 

CS-h-Ibv°p ambn-®p-I-f-bm-\m-hmØ Hcp If--am-W-Xv. B ""Ccp-´-d-h[w'' 

aqew {]Xn-Iƒ temI-Øns‚ Zr„n-bn¬ A]-am-\n-X-cm-bn. ssZh-tIm]w 

Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ sNmcn-p. ASn-sIm≠ Bƒ A·n-Ip-fi-Ønse 

I\Iw t]mse tim`n-®p. 

HutK≥ _mhmsb Hcp "klZm'bpsS ]Z-hn-bn-te-°p-b¿Ønb Cu 

a¿±-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Nn{Xw CXp-h-scbpw hc-sam-gn-bmbn h∂n-ń-√m- 

Ø-Xp-sIm≠v kw`-h-ÿ-e-Øp-sN∂v Cu a¿±-\-Øns‚ ZrIvkm-£n-Ifmb 

Nne-cn¬ \n∂p tiJ-cn® bYm¿∞ hnh-c-ß-fmWv NphsS tN¿°p- 

∂-Xv. btlm-h-bpsS A`n-jn-‡s‚ ta¬ Bcpw F{X-Xs∂ {]tem-`\w 

D≠m-bmepw ssIh-bv°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Cu kw`-h-hn-h-cWw klm- 


bn-°p-sa∂p {]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv. 1942. I≠-\mSv ]≈n {]Xn-]p-cp-jtbmKw 

hnfn-®p-Iq-ń. B tbmK Xocp-am-\-{]-Imcw HutK≥ am¿ Xntam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ]. _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ 

ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmsb kzoI-cn-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂p≈ s]k-lm- hym-gmgvN 

cm{Xn-bmWv tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-s\-t∏mse Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m- 

eo-Ømbpw kz¥-P-\-ß-fm¬ A[n-t£-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ssItb‰w sNøs∏-Sp-Ibpw 

D≠m-b-Xv. 

I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\w- hI ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-bn-emWv A∂v sa{Xmt∏m-eoØm 

Xma-kn-®p-h-∂-Xv. s]klm ip{iq-j-Iƒ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ 

\S-Ønb tijw Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

A∂v ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ Hcp IΩ-n‰n-tbmKw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]ndhw 

Cw•ojv anUn¬ kvIqƒ slUvam-Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ Be-∏m´v Uo°≥ F≥.- 

Fw. -tXm-akv kndn-b≥ ÃpU‚kvv tIm¨^-d≥kv sk{I-´-dn-bmbn 

tkh\w sNøm≥ c≠p h¿jsØ Ah-[n-bn¬ kvIqƒ hn-´-Xn-s\- Xp- 

S¿∂v Akn-Ã‚ns\ Npa-Xe Gev]n-®p. F∂m¬ kvIqƒ amt\-P-cm-bncp∂ 

Hcp sshZn-I≥ as‰mcp hnhmZ hy‡nsb a‰m-tcmSpw Btem-Nn- 

°msX slUvam-Ã-dmbn \nb-an-®p. CtX-∏‰n ]≈n-°-Ωn-‰n-bn¬ tNmZyap-≠m-b-t∏mƒ 

amt\-P-cm-bn-cp∂ A®≥ Cßs\ ]d-p:˛ ""Rm≥ 

kvIqfn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ AhnsS slUvam-Ã¿ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v 

Rm≥ Hcmsf \nb-an®p.'' H®-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°p tijw sa{Xm≥ I£n-°m¿ 

Cd-ßn-t∏m-bn. IΩn-‰n-bn¬ _mhm-°-£n-°m¿°m-bn-cp∂p `qcn-]-£w. 

Ah¿ Ah¿°n-„-ap≈ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-Ø-tijw IΩn-‰n- ]n-cn-p. 

I£n -a-’-c-Øns‚ i‡n IqSnh∂ B L´-Øn¬ ]ndhw SuWnse 

Nne {]apJ hy‡n-Iƒ sa{Xm≥ `mKØpw a‰p Nnecpw ]mgq¿ -˛ -I-°m- 

Sp-Ic {]am-Wn-amcpw _mhm-`m-KØpw \n∂p ]≈n-°m-cy-ßƒ Ah-c-h¿°n- 

„-ap≈ coXn-bn¬ Xncn-®p-hn-Sm≥ bXv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. _mhm-°-£n- 

`m-KsØ hnIm-cnbpw {SÃn-amcpw BWv ]≈n-`-cWw \n¿∆-ln-®p-h-∂-Xv. 

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ 

HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb ]≈n-bn-te°v 

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\v sa{Xm≥ I£n-bn¬s∏-´-h¿ D’m-ln-®-Xv. Xncp-ta\n 

]≈n-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ {]tbm-P-\hpw hnh-cn-°-s∏-´-s{X. 

]≈n-bn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xn\p apºv ImtXm-en°m I£n-bnse c≠p 

sshZn-Icpw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn-te°v B\-bn-°-s∏-´p. hey- 

®-\mb Be-∏m´v aØmbn IØ-\mcpw Fcp-a-s∏ń tXmakv IØ-\mcpw. 


]≈n-bn-te°v t]mtI-≠-Xpt≠m F∂ A`n-{]mbw Be-∏m´v A®≥ 

Adn-bn-°m≥ FØn-b-t∏m-tg°pw Xncp-ta\n Nph-∂-Ip-∏mbw [cn®p Xømdmbn 

\n∂n-cp-∂p. X∂n-anØw A®≥ FXn-scm∂pw ]d-bmsX Xncp-ta- 

\nsb A\p-K-an-®p. 

A∂v ]ndhw {]tZ-iØp e`y-am-bn-cp∂ amÃ¿ tamt´m-gvkv hI _ v 

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn. sagp-Ip-Xncn IØn-®p-]n-Sn® kt≠-kvIqƒ Ipń-



76 

Iƒ ]≈n-bn-te-°p≈ tdmUns‚ Ccp-h-i-ß-fnepw AWn-\n-c-∂p. ]≈nh-sc-bp≈ 

A©p ^¿temwKv- Zqcw _ n¬ k©-cn®p; efn-X-sa-nepw 

BtLmj ka-\zn-X-amb kzoI-c-Ww. ]≈n-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ adp-I- 

£n-bnse CS-h-I -hn-Imcn Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ sshZn-I¿ Xncp-ta\n ]≈nbn¬ 

Ibdn epØn-\n-bm -{]m¿∞-\, k‘ym -\-a-kvImcw F∂nh \S- 

Øn-b-t∏mƒ AXnepw kl-I-cn-®p. 

IΩn-‰n-bn¬ `qcn-]-£-ap-≈ _mhm-I-£n-°m¿ ]ndhsØ Nne ]ucap-Jy-cpsS 

t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ ]s-Sp-°p-Itbm 

X¬k-abw {]Xn-tj-[-i_vZw Db¿Øp-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. Fnepw 

Xncp-ta\n ]≈n-bn¬ FØnb hnh-c-sØ-∏‰n Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw cl-kyambn 

N¿®- sN-øp-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Isf Xß-fpsS Btem-N-\-bn¬ 

]s-Sp-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. 

_mhm-°£n -ssh-Zn-I¿ Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an-°p-∂-Xp-h-scbpw ]≈nbn¬ 

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xn-bn¬ Ah¿ Ahn-sS-\n∂p t]mI-cp-sX∂p 

kzoIcWw \evIn-b-h¿ ]dp Fnepw Ah¿ ÿew- hn-Sp-I-bm-Wp- 

≠m-b-Xv. sa{Xm≥ `m-KsØ hey-®\pw hoń¬ t]m-bn. 

sIm®-®-\mb Fcp-a-s∏-ń¬ tXmakv IØ-\mcpw GXm\pw siΩm- 

»-∑mcpw kzoI-cWw \evInb Iq´-Ønse Nne sNdp-∏-°mcpw ]≈nbn¬Ø-s∂ 

-D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]im-¥-amb cm{Xn. aqhm-‰p-]pg Bdns‚ 

hncn-am-dn¬ \n∂p s]mßnb Cfw-sX-∂¬ ]≈n-∏p-c-bn-S-Ønse 

sXßn≥tXm-∏ns\ XgpIn IS-∂p-h-∂-Xp- am-{Xta B im¥-Xbv°v Fs¥- 

nepw `wKw hcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. I„m-\p-`h BgvN-bm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ 

H´-[nIw `‡-P-\-ßfpw hcm-¥-bnepw ]≈n-b-IØpw a‰pw [ym\-\n-c-Xcmbpw 

Dd-ßnbpw Ign-p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp-∂p. 

""Hmim-\sb'' A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ]≈n-{]-th-i\w 

H´pw C„-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-cpsS A\p-`m-hn-Iƒ cm{Xn-bn¬ Ah¿°p `qcn-]- 

£-ap≈ ]mgq¿, I°mSp Ic-I-fn¬ Ibdn Cdßn ]≈n-bn¬ ""I≈≥ 

Ibdn'' F∂pw a‰pw ]dv Nne ap´m-f-∑msc ]≈n-bn-te°v BI¿jn®p. 

`n∂-X-sbt\y I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\w `cn-®n-cp-∂ -Im-e-Øv, A\p-k-c- 

W-t°-Sn\p sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm apS-°nb Hcp bph-ssh-Zn-I≥ XpS¿∂v 

doØn¬ tN¿∂p Fnepw Xs‚ sshcmKyw Xo¿°m-\mbn _mhm-I£n- 

°m-cpsS KpV-{i-a-ßƒ°v kIe ]n¥p-Wbpw \evIn-s°m-≠ncp∂phs{X. 

kwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏-´-h¿ Su¨ jm∏p-S-a-bmb ]≈n-{]-am-WnbpsS 

D]-tZ-i-hpw- tX-Sn. ]qń-°-gn-n-cp∂ I≈p-jm-∏n¬\n∂p I≈psIm-≠p-h∂v 

jm∏p-S-a-bpsS hoń¬h®v ap´m-f-∑m¿°p \evI-s∏-´p. 


doØn¬ tN¿∂ sshZn-I≥ Xe-bn¬ Hcp sI´pw-sIń ap´m-f-∑msc ]≈n- 

∏-Sn-hsc A\p-bm-{X -sNbvXp F∂pw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\nsb ""IpSnbn-d-°m≥'' 

h∂ kwL-Øn¬s∏´ Nne¿ ]mgqsc Hcp hoń¬ \n∂p 

shń-sb-SpØ HSn-bm-ØXpw th≠{X hnf-bm-Ø-Xp-amb Im∏n-h-Sn-Ifpw 

Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. 

A¿≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬ kwLw ]≈n-bn¬ FØp-tºmƒ AhnsS Bcpw 

DW¿∂n-cp-∂n-√. ]≈n-bn¬ `P-\-°m-cpsS at≤y -h-®n-cp∂ s]t{Sm-amIvkv 

hnf°v X√n-Ø-I¿°-s∏-´p. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS apdn°v ap≥hiw Ddßn-°n-S∂ 

sIm®-®\pw siΩm-»-∑mcpw DW¿Ø-s∏-´p. Xncp-ta\n InS- 

∂p-d-ßnb apdn _e-ambn X≈n Xpd-∏n-°-s∏-´p. \n{Z-bn-em-≠n-cp∂ Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

tXmfn¬ ]nSn®v Btcm Ipep-°n. At±lw sRń DW¿∂p. 

Xncp-ta-\n°v ]≈n-ap-dn-bn¬ FØm-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw a‰pw tNmZyw 

sNø-s∏-´p. DS≥ ÿew hnń-s√-n¬ kwKXn hj-fm-Ip-sa∂pw a‰pw 

Ah¿ ]dp òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn. H´pw FXn¿∏p IqSmsX Xncp-ta\n 

apdn hnSm≥ Xøm-dm-bn. sNcp-∏p- t]mepw FSp-°msX ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. kwL- 

Øns‚ òj-Wnbpw \nL≠p I≠n-ń-√mØ hm°p-I-fpsS h¿jhpw 

XpS¿∂-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n ]≈n-bpsS sXt° -ap-‰-tØ-bv°n-dßn Ingt°m´p 

kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ \S∂p\oßn. ]cn-Nn-Xsc Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbpw-hn[w 

\nem-hp-≠v. kwL-Øn¬ Hcp-hn-`mKw Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-Kan®p. 

a‰p Nne¿ sIm®-®s\ ]nSnIqSn H∂p- sIm-Sp-Øp. IqSp-X¬ ASn- 

In-´p-sa-∂p-d-∏mb Fcp-a-s∏-ń-e-®≥ HmSn c£-s∏-´p. ÿe-]-cn-N-b-an-√mØ 

siΩm-»-∑m¿ ASn-sIm≠v e£y-an-√msX HmSn. 

]≈n-bpsS Ing-°p-hiw \S-bn-d-ßth sXm´p-]n-ºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-hsc 

Xncp-ta-\n-°-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. \S-bn-d-ßp-tºmƒ Hcmƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb H∂m- 

Sn®p. ]pd-Øp-Xs∂ Im∏n-hSn {]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p. hnIm-c-hn-h-i-\mbn 

Xncn-p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ ]nºn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfns\ Xncp-ta-\n°v a\n-em-bn. 

A°mcyw ]n∂oSv Xncp-ta\n shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-ap-≠v. A¿≤cm-{Xn-bn¬ 

\S∂ {Iqc-amb Cu kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n A∂v Xncp-ta\n hn{i-an- 

®n-cp∂ apdn-bpsS hmXn-ev°¬ InS-∂p-d-ßnb D®n-∏n-≈n¬ tPm¨ 

Cßs\ ]dp:˛ ""Rm≥ Fs‚ Pq_bpw tXm¿Øpw aS°n Xe-bn-Wbm°n 

Xncp-ta\n InS-∂n-cp∂ Xpd∂ apdn-bpsS hmXn-ev°-emWp InS- 


∂Xv. ""a°sf \nßƒ s]mbvs°m-≈p-hn≥, Rm≥ \msf cmhnse aS- 

ßn-s°m≈mw'' F∂p Xncp-ta\n ]d-p. Fnepw Rß-fn¬ Nne¿ 

t]mbn-√. A¿≤cm{Xn-bm-b-t∏mƒ Hcp kwLw ap´m-f-∑m¿ H‰-ap-≠p-SpØv 

Ac-bn¬ tXm¿Øpw-sIń Xncp-ta\n InS-∂n-cp∂ apdnsb e£y-am°n 

i_vZ-ap-≠m°n IS-∂p-h-∂p. Rm≥ sRń-bp-W¿∂p Xncp-ta\n InS∂


78 

apdn-bn¬ Ibdn c≠p km£mbp≈ IX-I-S-bv°m≥ {ian-®Xpw ]pd-Øp- 

\n-∂p≈ i‡-amb X≈-em¬ Rm≥ Xmsg adn-p-ho-WXpw H∂n-®mbn-cp-∂p. 

Rm\pw H‰-ap-≠p-am{Xw DSp-Øn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Hcp ]t£ 

Fs∂bpw Ah-cp-sS -Iq-´-Øn¬s∏´ Bsf-∂p- I-cpXn a¿±n-®n-√. Fnepw 

Rm≥ `b∂v F¥p sNø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX \n∂p-t]m-bn. CXn-\n-S-bn¬ 

Btcm ]≈n-bn¬ Ibdn aWn ASn-®p. aWn-b-Sn -tI´p ]ecpw ]≈nbn¬ 

FØp-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\nsb A{I-an-Iƒ ]≈n-bn¬\n∂p _e-ambn 

]nSn-®n-d°n skan-\m-cn-bn-te°v B\-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ]e 

hm°p-Iƒ A´-l-kn-°p-∂Xp tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.'' 

aWn-b-Sn -tI´v HmSn-sb-Ønb ap≥ ]-≈n-{SÃn an-Sn¬ h¿°n DXp- 

∏ns‚ (Ip--∏-s‚) a°-fmb Fw. bp. h¿°n, Fw.- bp. G{_-lmw, Fw. 

bp. ]ueqkv F∂n-h-cn¬ Ct∏mƒ ]nd-hsØ Hcp {]apJ ÿm]-\-amb 

sk‚ vta-cokv _mt-gvkns‚ DS-a-ÿ-\mb Fw. bp. h¿°n Cßs\ 

]dp: ""aWn-bSn i_vZw tI´p Rßƒ ]≈n-bn-te°v HmSn. Ipd-®p- 

Zqcw sN∂-t∏mƒ sh≈ tfml- am{Xw [cn® Xncp-ta-\nsb \mev]-tXmfw 

N´-ºn-Iƒ tN¿∂v sNcp-∏p- t]mepw CSm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°msX Ak-`yßfpw 

hnfn-®p-]-dp \S-Øn-s°m≠ph-cp-∂Xv I≠p. Rßƒ t]Sn-®pt]m-bn. 

Ah-cpsS IÆn¬ s]SmsX Rßƒ tdmUns‚ Hcp- h-i-tØ°v 

HXpßn \nev°p-Ibpw Xncp-ta-\nsb \S-Øn-s°m-≠p- t]m-Ip-∂-Xns‚ 

]ntº A{I-an-I-fpsS t\m´w FØmØ Zqc-Øn¬ \n∂v skan-\m-cn hsc 

A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' A{I-an-kwLw skan-\m-cn-bn-te-°p≈ 

bm{Xm-at≤y ap≥ {SÃn-bm-bn-cp∂ an-Sn¬ h¿°n DXp-∏ns‚ tdmUpssk-Un-ep≈ 

hoSns‚ t\¿°v tdmUn¬ InS-∂n-cp∂ sa‰¬ hmcn 

Fdnp. Cu Imcy-ßƒ hnh-cn-®-t∏mƒ h¿°n DXp∏v Ic-p-t]m-bn. 

Xs∂ ImWp-tºm-sg√mw ""{]m¿∞n-t®mWw'' F∂p Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp-ambn-cp∂p 

F∂pw h¿°n DXp∏v A\p-kva-cn-®p. Xncp-ta\n skan-\m-cn-bn¬ 

FØn-b-t∏m-tg°pw A{I-an-kwLw ]ncn-p. 

Xncp-ta-\nsb a¿±n® kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n 100 hb- p≈ Be-∏m´v aØmbn 

A®≥ Cu teJ-I-t\mSv 1976 sabv 7 ˛mw XobXn sh≈n-bmgvN kz`-h-\- 

Øn¬h®p ]d--Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. ""Xncp-ta\n ]≈n-bn-te°p t]mIp-∂- 

Im-cy-Øn¬ F\n°p a\- n¬ Xr]vXn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. th≠m F∂p ]db-W-sa-∂p 

-hn-Nm-cn®p skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n Nph∂ 

Ip∏m-bhpw [cn®v ]≈n-bn-te-°p- t]m-Im≥ Hcp-ßn- \n-ev°p-∂-Xm-bn- 

´mWp I≠-Xv. At∏mƒ FXn-cp-]-d-bmsX Rm\pw kl-I-cn-®p. AhnsS 

At∏mƒ Ccp-\q-tdmfw t]cp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv Hm¿Ω. cm{Xn F´pa-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn 

Rßƒ ]≈n-bn¬ FØn. {]m¿∞\ I-gnp Xncp-ta- 


\nsb Xncn®v skan-\m-cn-bn-em-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Rm≥ Dt±-in-®-Xv. 

Rm≥ \n¿_-‘n-®-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n AXn\p kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

]t£ Hcp tamt´m¿ hml\w sIm≠p-h-cm≥ sN∂-t∏mƒ AXn\p 

ss{Uh¿ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. amÃ¿ _ v k¿∆o-kv \-S-Øp∂ Ipcymt°mknt\mSv 

_ p sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ Rm≥ ]d-p. F∂m¬ _kv 

F{X {ian-®n´pw Ãm¿´m-Ip-∂n-s√∂v Ipcym-t°mkv ]d-p. At∏mtg°pw 

kabw hfsc sshIn-t∏m-bn-cp-∂p. Fs‚ Ip∏mbw hnb¿Øp 

\\--Xp-sIm≠pw F\n°p hfsc £oWw tXm∂n-bXp sIm≠pw 

Ipfn®p hkv{Xw amdn ]≈n-bn¬ Xncn-s®-Ø-W-sa∂ B{K-l-tØmsS 

Rm≥ hoń-te-°p-t]m-bn. AXn\p apºp-Xs∂ Ahn-sS- \n-∂-h-tcmSp 

""a°-sf, \nßƒ t]mIp-hn≥, Rm≥ shfp-∏ns\ \a-kvImcw Ign-ps]mbvs°m≈mw'' 

F∂p Xncp-ta\n ]d-n-cp-∂p. 

Rm≥ hoń¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ Hcp sshZn-I≥ hncp-∂p-Im-c-\m-bn-´p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. 

Ipfnbpw In -Ip-Snbpw Ignp sXdp-Øp-h-®n-cp∂ InS° 

\nh¿°msX AXn¬ Nmcn-°n-S∂p kwkm-cn-°th Rm≥ Dd-ßn-t∏mbn. 

shfp-∏n\v A©p- a-Wn°v Btcm- h∂v Fs∂ hnfn-®p-W¿Øn "]≈nbnse 

kw`-h-sam∂pw Adn-nt√' F∂p tNmZn-®p. a¿±-\-hn-hcw 

]dp. kw{`m-¥-\mb Rm≥ t\sc skan-\m-cn-bn¬ sN∂v Xncp-ta- 

\nsb I≠-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS IÆn¬\n∂p IÆp-\o¿ hogp-∂p-≠mbn-cp-∂p. 

Rm≥ Imen¬ Ipºn´p Xncp-ta-\nsb \a-kvI-cn®p. DS≥Xs∂ 

Rß-fpsS Iq´-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ CØm-°p -ssh-Zys\ hcpØn Xncpta-\n°p 

th≠ NnIn-’ -\¬In.'' Cu Imcy-ßƒ FgpXn tcJ-bm°n 

hbvt°-≠-Xpt≠m F∂ tNmZy-tØm-sS-bmWv A®≥ kw`hw aßmØ 

Hm¿Ω-bn¬\n∂p hnh-cn-®-Xv. Rm≥ ssIapØn bm{X- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ 

""A[nIw InS-°msX Aßp IS-°-W-sa∂ {]m¿∞-\tb F\n-°p≈p'' 

F∂p {]Xym-im-\n¿`-c-amb PohnXw \bn-°p∂ DØ-a-\mb B hey- 

®≥ Ft∂mSp ]d-p. 

skan-\m-cn-bn¬ FØn-b-tijw Xncp-ta-\n°p Ipgºpw FÆbpw 

XncpΩpw F√mw e`n®p Fnepw Ak-l-\o-b-amb thZ\ GXm\pw 

Znhkw A\p-`-hn-t°≠n h∂p. Im∏n-h-Sn-bpsS \of-Øn-ep≈ c≠p ]mSp- 

Ifpw CSn-®-sX∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]mSpw kZm Ip∏mbw BOm-Z-\wsN-bvXn-cp∂ 

B tIma-f-i-co-c-Øn¬ GXm\pw BgvN-Iƒ ambmsX InS- 

∂n-cp-∂p. t\cw- sh-fpØp ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN ip{iq-j-bn¬ kw_-‘n- 

°m≥ h-∂-h¿ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS thZ-\-bnepw ]p-sIm-≠p. sa{Xm-®s\ 

]≈nbn¬\n∂p ]d--b-bv°p-∂-Xn¬ IqSp-X-em-bn-s´m∂pw AXn\p 

{ian-®-h¿ B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂pw Hc-`n-{]m-b-K-Xn-bp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah¿ 




80 

Ign-®n-cp∂ aZyhpw [cn-®n-cp∂ hSn-Ifpw B A`n-{]m-b-KXn ASn-ÿm- 

\-c-ln-X-sa-∂mWv hnfn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂-Xv. 

Xncp-ta\n ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bm-gvNsØ Zo¿L-amb ip{iq-j-Iƒ thZ\ 

kln®p \S-Øn. CS-bv°p -sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬ Ign cm{Xn-bnse 

kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n Hc-£cw t]mepw ]d-p-an-√. 

GXm\pw Znh-k-ßƒ°Iw 31 t]sc {]Xn- tN¿Øv tIm´bw tImS- 

Xnbn¬ ^b¬sNbvX tI n¬ tIm´bw t]meokv kq{]≠v CS-s]-Sp- 

Ibpw {]Xn-Iƒ Pmay-Øn-en-d-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CØcw Hcp tIkv \S- 

Øp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v k`-bv°p-Xs∂ t\cn-Sm-hp∂ £oWsØ ap≥\n¿Ønbm-bn-cn-°Ww 

B tIkv aµo-`-hn-∏n-°p-Itbm ]n≥h-en-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm 

sNbvXp F∂mWv ]n∂oSp a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign--Xv. 

ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-jn-‡-\mb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb a¿±n-°p-∂-Xn\pw 

A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Iq´p\n∂-h¿s°√mw X°-Xmb in£ apIfn¬\n∂p 

e`n®p F∂-XmWv Cu kw`-h-Ønse Nn¥m¿l-amb Hcp 

hkvXp-X. Im∏n-hSn shń-sb-SpØ ]mgq-cp≈ hońse GI-]p-{X≥ ap‰- 

Øp-\n∂p Xmtgbv°p hogp-Ibpw hSn apdn-s®-SpØ Ip‰n hb-‰n¬sIm≠p- 

≠mb apdn-hns\ XpS¿∂v B ]ø≥ A∂p-Xs∂ Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬h®p 

acn-°p-I-bpw -sNbvXp F∂Xv Hcp kXy-am-Wv. hSn {]tbm-Kn® Bfns‚ 

a¿Ω `mK-Øp-≠mb ]gp∏v h¿j-ßƒ°p-tijw kIp-Spw_w Xncp-ta- 

\nsb I≠v am∏n-c-∂-ti-j-amWv Icn--sX∂pw Adn-bp-∂p. doØn¬ 

tN¿∂ sshZn-I\pw jm∏p-Im-c≥ {]am-Wn°pw AwK-ssh-Ieyw kw`hn® 

k¥-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-bn. hnf°p sXfn-®-h¿°pw Bfp-Isf hnfn-®p- 

Iqń-b-h¿°pw F√mw ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ A¿ln-°p∂ in£ e`n-®-Xmbpw 

Adn-bmw. ]n∂oSv Xncp-ta\n ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ FØn-bn-´p-≈-t∏m-sg√mw 

Nne¿ Xncp-ta-\nsb I≠v Xß-fpsS _‘-s∏-´-h¿ sNbvX ZpjvIr-Xy- 

Øn\v am∏p -tNm-Zn-°pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Xs∂ a¿±n-®-Xn¬ X\n°v 

]cn-`hw Cs√∂pw Ah¿ Btem-Nn-°msX sNbvX-Xm-sW∂pw Xm≥ 

AsX√mw £an-®p-I-gn-p-sh∂pw ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬h®v Xs∂ sa{Xmt∏m-eoØm 

Hcn-°¬ ]c-ky-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®p. Cu kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n 

Nne¿ km`n-am\w Bep-hm-bnse am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-®s\ 


t\cn´v Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ Ah-tcm-Sv, ""btlm-h-bpsS A`n-jn-‡s\ ssIh- 

®-hcmcpw Fs‚ apdn-bn¬ \n¬°-cp-Xv, ]pdØp IS°v'' F∂v At±lw 

]d--Xmbpw Adn-bm≥ Ign-n-´p-≠v. 

Cu kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n ]n¬°m-e-ß-fn¬ Btcm-sS-nepw ]d-bp-∂-Xnt\m 

Btcm-sS-nepw ]I- h®p]pe¿Øp∂-Xnt\m {InkvXob kpIr-X-ß-fpsS 

\nd-Ip-S-am-bn-cp∂ ].- Hu-tK≥ _mhm D’p-I-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kw`hw 

At±-lsØ k`-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp kl-Zm-bmbn am‰n F∂-XmWp 

Ncn-{X-kXyw. ]ndhw kw`-hsØ XpS¿∂v ImtXm-en-°m- hn-`m-K-°m¿ 

h¿jw-tXmdpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬\n∂p ]≈n-bn-te°v I„m-\p-`h BgvNbn¬ 

Hcp au\-PmY \S-ØpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. At¥ymIym ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-_mhm ae--c-bn¬ FØn ImtXm-en-°msb Ah-tcm-[n-°p- 

Ibpw XpS¿∂v c≠p _mhm-amcpw H∂n®p ]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ FØn 

]≈n-bpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ ssItIm¿Øp-]n-Sn®p Ib-dp-Ibpw sNbv-X-Xns\ 

XpS¿∂mWv Cu au\-PmY ths≠-∂p-h-®-Xv. 

]ndhw kw`-h-sØ-∏‰n ZpxJn® {]apJ hy‡n-I-fn¬ Hcm-fmb an-Snbn¬ 

DXp-∏p -h¿°n HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS kvac-Wsb \ne-\n¿Øp-∂- 

Xn-\p-th≠n, Xncp-ta-\nsb \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]mb hgn-bpsS a≤y-`m-KØp 

Im¬e£w cq]m sNe-hm°n ]pXp-°n-∏-WnX at\m-l-c-amb Ipcn-ipwsXmń 

]. HutK≥ _mhm 1970 Unkw-_¿ 24 -\p IqZm-i- sN-bvXp. _mhmbpsS 

A\p-hm-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ipcn-ipw-sXm-ń-bn¬ Cßs\ Fgp-Xn-h-®ncn-°p-∂Xp 

ImWmw. 

In Memory Of 

H. G. Augen Mar Themothios 

(H. H. Moran Mar Baselius Augen I) 

Reconstructed by 

Uthup Varkey, Mankidyil 

(St. Mary's Bankers, Piravom) 

1970. 

ASn-bpsS I\-I-Pq-_nen 

]ndhw a¿±-\-th-f-bn¬ HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-tbm-Sp-IqsS 

D≠m-bn-cp∂ Uo°≥ hn. -sP. tPmk^v (C∂v sshZn- 

I≥) hS-t»-cn-b-Øv, hb-e-Øe \¬Ip∂ ZrIvkm-£n -hn-h-c-W-amWp 

(a-e-ck`mZo]w, 1998 P\p-hcn 1 ˛ 15 e°w) NphsS tN¿°p-∂-Xv: 

""Fs‚ kvac-W-bn¬ F∂pw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp h¿j-amWv 1946. 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKØp\n∂p h∂ HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncpta\n 

aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ Ct∏m-gp≈ Ac-a-\-bpsS ÿeØv Hcp sNdnb 

sIń-S-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv. Xncp-ta\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv 

hn`m-K-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂p 

[mcmfw ]≈n-Ifpw P\-ßfpw Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm∏w tN¿∂n-cp-∂p. B 



82 

Iq´-Øn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ H∂m-bn-cp∂p ]ndhw hen-b-]-≈n. 

Xncp-ta-\n°v Ah-Im-i-s∏´ Hcp ÿm]\w ]nd-h-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. 

AXmWv ]ndhw skan-\m-cnbpw AXn-t\mSv tN¿∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ anUn¬ 

kvIqfpw. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hn`m-K-Øn¬\n∂v Xt∂m-sSm∏w t]mcp∂ 

]ndhw ]≈n-°m-tcmSpw P\-ß-tfmSpw D≈ Xm¬]cyw ]cn-K-Wn®v Xncpta\n 

kvIqƒ ]≈n-°m¿°v Fgp-Xn-s°m-Sp-Øp. ]t£ A[nIw Xma-knbmsX 

Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-Sp-IqSn h∂ ]e ]≈n-°mcpw P\-ßfpw Xncn-®pt]m-bn. 

Cu Iq´-Øn¬ ]ndhwImcpw t]mbn. ]ndhw skan-\m-cn-tbm-S-\p- 

_-‘n-®p≈ kvIqfpw Aßs\ \„-s∏-´p. B ÿm]\w adp-I-£n-°m¿ 

ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn. AhnsS Ibdn Xma-kn-°m≥ Ah-cpsS A∂sØ 

sa{Xm-®-∑m¿ {ian-°p-∂-Xmbn tI´v HutK≥ Xncp-ta\n aqhm-‰p-]p-gbn¬\n∂v 

]nd-h-tØ°v Xmakw am‰n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

IqsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]≈n-Ifpw P\-ßfpw Xncn-®p-t]mb kml-N-cy- 

Øn¬ `{Zm-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂v H∂pw-Xs∂ hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tI{µ- 

Øn¬ \n∂v ]d-b-Ø° klmbw H∂pw A°m-eØv Xncp-ta-\n°v e`n- 

®n-cp-∂n-√. 

Rßƒ sN√p∂ kabw t\mºp- Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ cmhnse 

F√m-h¿°pw D]hm-k-am-bn-cp-∂p. D®bv°v Inbpw N°-°p-cphpw apcnß-°mbpw 

tN¿Øp≈ Hcp sagp-°p-]p-c-ńbpw amßmbpw tXßmbpw 

tN¿Ø-c® Hcp NΩ-¥nbpw Bbn-cp-∂p ÿncw Blm-cw. Xncp-ta\n 

aq∂p- a-Wnt° Blmcw Ign-®n-cp-∂p-≈p.- R-ß-fpsS `£Ww am{XamWv 

Xncp-ta-\nbpw Ign-°p-I. \mep- a-Wn-s°mcp I´≥Im-∏n. sshIn´v 

k‘ym -\-a-kvImcw Ignv tNmdv. At∏mƒ apcn-ß-°mbpw N°-°pcphpw 

tN¿Øp≈ sagp-°p-]p-c-ń. tXßm-bpw, amßmbpw NΩ-¥n, amßm 

NX-®n´v D∏pw apfIpw sh≈hpw tN¿Ø amßm tamcv. Xncp-ta-\n°pw 

AXp-X-s∂. shfp-∏n\v A©p- a-Wn-°v, cm{Xn- 

˛ -{]-`m-X- \-a-kvIm-c-ßƒ. F´p-aWn apX¬ 

Xncp-ta\n Fs¥-nepw Fgp-Xp-Itbm `mjm- 

¥cw sNøp-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. B≠-S- 

°-ap≈ s]okm {]pan-tbm≥, ssZh-am-Xmhn-t\m-Sp≈ 

..... `mjm-¥cw A°m-eØv \S- 

∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. D®-\-a-kvImcw Ignv 

Xncp-ta\n A¬]w hn{i-an-°pw. AXn-\p-tijw 

ho≠pw Rßsf hnfn-°pw. F°m-dm, -lm-im 

\a-kvImcw XpS-ßnbh ]Tn-∏n-°pw. aq∂p- aWn 

^m. hn. -sP. tPmk^v 

Ign-m¬ Xncp-ta\n lmim BgvN -\-a- 


kvImcw ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v `mjm-¥cw sNbvXp KoX-am-°pw. s]klmbv°v 

Imep-I-gp-I¬ -ip-{iqj apgp-h≥ Xncp-ta\n `mjm-¥cw sNbvXp 

KoX-am°n Rßsf ]cn-io-en-∏n-®p. ]mń\v F\n-°¬∏w Xm¬]-cyhpw 

Ignhpw a‰p-≈-hsc At]-£n-®p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ skan-\m-cn-bnse 

k¨tU-kvIq-fnse apXn¿∂ Ipń-I-sf-°qSn Imep- I-gp-I¬ ip{iq-jbpsS 

Km\-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°m≥ Xncp-ta\n Fs∂ Npa-X-e-s∏-Sp-Øn. 

HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {hX-\n-jvT-amb 

{]m¿∞-\m -Po-hnXw a‰m-cnepw ImWm≥ Ign-n-ń-√. shfp-∏n\v A©pa-Wn°v 

cm{Xn, {]`mXw apX-emb {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ \S-Øpw. F°mdm A\pk-cn-®p≈ 

cmK-Ønse AXp \S-Øp-I-bp-≈p. Hº-Xp- a-Wnbv°v GXp 

tPmen-°n-S-bn-em-bmepw Xncp-ta\n ASpØp h®n-´p≈ clky kpdn-bm\n 

{]m¿∞\m ]pkvXIw FSpØv Nqc-ep-sI-ńb Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn¬ ImepaS-°n-bn-cp∂p 

{]m¿∞n-°pw. ]{¥≠v aWn°v D®-\-a-kvImcw s]mXphmbn 

\S-Øpw. AXv ]≈n-bn-em-Wv. aq∂p- a-Wn°v cl-ky-{]m¿∞\ 

ap≥]-d {]Im-cw. A©-c -a-Wn°v Ccp-]-Øn-c-≠-c, k‘y, kqØmdm 

apX-emb \a-kvIm-cw. Hº-Xp- a-Wnbv°v siΩm-»-∑msc hnfn-®n-cpØn 

thZ-]p-kvXIw amdn-amdn hmbn-∏n-°pw. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v kmc-K¿`-amb 

hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. XpS¿∂v ib-\ -\-a-kvIm-cw. cm{Xn Hcp- a-Wn- ap-X¬ c≠p 

aq∂p- a-Wn- hsc Iń-en¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v [ym\w. Cßs\ {]m¿∞n- 

°p∂ a‰p ]nXm-°-∑msc Bscbpw Rm≥ I≠n-ń-√. km[m-cW D]tbm-K-Øn\v 

tIm´¨ sIm≠p≈ Hcp Nph-∂ -Ip-∏mbw, Hcp ]pdw- 

Ip∏mbw. hn. Ip¿∫m-\bv°v hb-‰Øv shń-bn´ Hcp km‰n≥ Nph∂ 

Ip∏m-bw. Hcp \√ ]pd-p-∏m-bw. km[m-cW ]cp-°≥ sh≈-°-Ωokpw 

Im¬°p-∏m-b-hpw. AXp aqt∂m \mtem tPmUn am{Xw. Ik-hp -]Wn 

sNbvX, Ip¿∫m-\bv°p]tbm-Kn-°p∂ c≠p akv-\-]vkm-Iƒ, Hcp 

sh¬sh‰p Im∏, Hcp km[m-cW Im∏, sh≈n- hSn, kz¿Æw -]q-inb 

Hcp …o_m, kz¿Æw ]qinb Hcp ame, sh≈n-sIm≠v km[m-cW D]tbm-K-Øn-\p-≈ 

Hcp ame C{X -am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS B¿`m- 

Stam B¿`m-S-cm-ln-Xy-tam. F¥m-bmepw lmim BgvN Nph∂ Ip∏mbw 

[cn-°m-dn-√. 

ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn At±-lsØ hmgn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn bmt°m_v 

XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv hcp∂ Znh-kw. FtXym-]y≥ B_p\m am¿ 

sXtbm-^n-temkv apX-em-b-h¿ FØn-°-gn-p. HutK≥ Xncp-ta\n Hcp 

]gb Nph∂ Ip∏m-bhpw C´v tZh-tem-IsØ ]g-b-ap-dn-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂p. 

Zm\n-tb¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv ]e- {]m-hiyw sN∂v Ip∏mbw H∂pam‰n 

\√Xv [cn-°m≥ ]d-p. ]t£ Xncp-ta\n Iq´m-°n-bn-√. Cu ka- 




84 

bØv Rm\-hnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv Xncp-ta\n Fs∂ hnfn®v 

cl-ky-Øn¬ Ip∏mbw H∂p am‰n-°m-\p≈ am¿§w Bcm-p. Rm≥ 

apdn-bn-te°v sN∂v siΩm-is\ hnfn®v \√ Ip∏m-b-sams° FSp-∏n-®p. 

\s√mcp ak-v\]vkm FSpØv ASpØp sIm≠p-t]mbn AXv ssIbn¬ 

sImSp-Øn´v amdm≥ At]-£n-®p. AXp amdn. ASp-Ø-Xmbn Nph∂ 

Ip∏mbw FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-sN-∂p. Ft∂m-S¬∏w tZjy-s∏´v ""Xm≥ 

Fs∂ aW-hm-f≥ Na-bn-∏n-°m≥ h∂-Xm-tWm-sSm. Rm≥ Hcp Zb-dm- 

°m-c-\m-tW, B¿`mSw H∂pw th≠. F\n-°m-hiyw I¿Øm-hns‚ Icp- 

W-bm-sW∂p'' ]d-p. Rm≥ Ip∏mbw B ]mh\-amb Ic-ß-fn-te¬∏n- 

®n´v ""C∂p Xncp-ta\n Zb-dm-°m-c-\mb ae--c-k-`-bpsS aW-hm-f-\m-Wv. 

aW-hm-ń-°p-th≠n Hs∂m-cp-ß-W-sa∂v'' Nncn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-p. Xncpta\n 

Fgp-t∂‰v Ip∏mbw C´p. Rm≥ Xs∂ CS-s°´pw sIń-®p. At±l-Øns‚ 

Pohn-X-Øn-te°v \ΩpsS Bg-amb Nn¥sb Xncn-®p-hn-Sm≥ 

Hcp kw`hw ]d--Xm-Wv. C∂sØ k`-bnse sshZn-I¿°pw {][m-\m- 

Nm-cy-∑m¿°pw CXp a\- n-em-Iptam Ft¥m? 

Rm≥ {]k-‡- `m-K-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-I-bm-Wv. s]k-lm-bpsS 

Znhkw D®-bv°p-tijw Imep-I-gp-I¬ ip{iq-j-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. G‰hpw 

`‡n-\n¿`-c-ambpw BI¿j-I-ambpw Rßƒ F√mw tN¿∂v ip{iq-jbn¬ 

Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSp kl-I-cn®p ip{iq-j- \-S-Øn. henb Hcp P\- 

°q´w AXn¬ kw_-‘n-®p. ip{iqjm at≤y hfsc i‡-ambpw Bgambpw 

Bth-i-`-cn-X-\mbpw ae--c-k-`-bpsS kzmX-{¥y-sØ-°p-dn®pw 

Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn®pw Xncp-ta\n {]kw-Kn-®p. ]Xn-hp-t]mse k‘ym- 

\-a-kvImcw Ignv Rßƒ Ipfn-°m-\m-bn-t∏m-bn. 

Be-∏m´v aØmbn A®s‚ aI≥ F≥. Fw. tXmakv siΩm-»-\m-bncp∂p 

]ndhw anUn¬ kvIqƒ slUvam-Ã¿. siΩm-»≥ HutK≥ Xncp-ta- 

\n-bpsS IqsS Bbn-cp-∂p. ÃpU≥kv aqhvsa‚ v sk{I-´-dn-bmbn ]. 

Koh¿§okv ZznXob≥ _mhm At±-lsØ \nb-an-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ c≠p 

h¿j-tØ°v kvIqfn¬ \n∂v Ah[n FSpØv ÃpU≥kv aqhv-sa‚n¬ 

{]h¿Ø\w \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Ah[n Ignv Xncn®p h∂-t∏mƒ 

]≈n-°-Ωn‰n At±-lsØ kvIqƒ tPmen-°-\p-h-Zn-°msX Hcp slUv 

amÃsd thsd \nb-an®p Ign-n-cp-∂p. F≥. Fw.- tXm-akv siΩm-i\v 

At±-l-Øns‚ tPmen Xncn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v bph-P-\-ßfpw ImtXmen°m 

]£-°mcpw Bh-iy-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ `c-W-k-anXn AXn\p Xømdm-bn-√. 

s]klm hymgmgvN D®bv°p tijw ]≈n-°-Ωn‰n IqSn Cu 

hnjbw N¿® sNbvXp. kwL¿jm-hÿ D≠m-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-s≠- 

∂-dn-p. Rßƒ {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ kw`-hn®p. IΩn‰n siΩm- 


is\ Xncn-s®-Sp-Øn-√. sF∏v km-dns\ ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øn. bp-h-P-\-ßƒ 

H‰-s°-´mbn Aß-s\-sb-n¬ k‘ym- \-a-kvImcw ]≈n-bn¬ \S-Øn- 

°-bn√ F∂p ]dv hmXn-ep-I-fn¬ Hs°bpw t]mbn-°n-S-∂p. 

]nd-hsØ {]ap-J-cmb anSn DΩ≥, Imcn-Ø-S-Øn¬ sNdn-bm≥ 

Ipv, Imcn-Ø-S-Øn¬ tP°_v XpSßn ]ecpw skan-\m-cn-bn¬ h∂p 

Xncp-ta-\n-bp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Xncp-ta-\nsb 

]ndhw ]≈n-bn¬ sN∂v Xma-kn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ 

Xncp-ta-\n-sb-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-´mWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. A®- 

∑m-cm-sc-nepw h∂v hnfn°msX Atßm´v hcn-I-bn-s√∂v Xncp-ta\n 

i‡-ambn ]d-p. At∏mƒ bph-P-\-ßƒ, Rßƒ Aß-s\-sb-n¬ 

C…m-an-te°v t]mIpw F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]ap-J-cn¬ Nne¿ 

A®-∑msc sN∂p- sIm≠ph-cm-sa∂v ]d-p-t]m-bn. A[nIw Xma-kn- 

°msX Be-∏m-´-®-t\bpw Fcp-a-s∏ń tXma-k-®-s\bpw Iqń-s°m-≠ph-∂p. 

Ahcpw \n¿_-‘n®p ]d--X-\p-k-cn®v Xncp-ta-\nbpw _lp-am- 

\-s∏´ A®-∑mcpw Xcy≥ siΩm-i\pw Hmen-°¬ Fw. Fw. amXyp siΩmi\pw 

Rm\pw IqSn amÃ¿ Ipdn-bm-t°m-kns‚ hI _kv sIm≠p-h-∂ncp-∂-Xn-¬ 

Ibdn ]≈n-bn-te-°v t]m-bn. ]≈n-bpsS Ingt°\S-bn¬ _kp 

\n¿Øn Rßƒ Cd-ßp-tºmƒ apgp-h≥ I¬∏S-hnepw Xncn-Iƒ IØn®p 

sh®n-cp-∂p. \√ Hcp P\-°q-´-Øns‚ ap{Zm-hm-Iy-ßƒ apg-ßp-∂-Xn-\n-Sbn¬ 

IqSn ]≈n-bn-te°v Rßƒ t]m-bn. Rßƒ ]≈n-bn¬ Ibdn 

k‘ym -\-a-kvImcw ho≠pw \S-Øn. ]≈n-bpsS sX°p-h-i-Øp≈ sIń- 

S-Øns‚ ]Sn-msd apdn-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n {]th-in®v hn{i-an-®p. IqSnh∂ 

P\w F√mw ]ncn-p-t]m-bn. Xncp-ta-\nbpw siΩm-i\pw Fcp-as∏-ń-bn-e-®\pw 

am{Xw D≠v. IqSmsX t\mºn¬ `P\ Ccn-°m≥ h∂ 

Npcp°w Nne Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cm{Xn ]Ø-c- a-Wn-bv°p-tijw 

Rßƒ Dd-ßm≥ InS-∂p. 

cm{Xn Hcp- a-Wn-bm-bn-°mWpw. Fs‚ hb-‰Øv Hcp `mcw. Rm≥ 

IÆp- Xp-d∂p t\m°p-tºm-g-tØ°pw BPm-\p-_m-lp-hmb Hcp a\pjy≥ 

Fs‚ hb-‰n\p Nhnń adp-hiw IS-∂n-cp-∂p. At∏m-tg°pw AXpt]m-se-sbm-cmƒ 

Fs‚ hb-‰Øv Nhn-´p-I-bm-Wv. Rm≥ Hcp hi-tØ°v 

Xncn--t∏mƒ AbmfpsS Im¬ hgp-Xn-t∏m-bn. Rm≥ Fgp-t∂-ev°m≥ 


{ian-®p. ]‰p-∂n-√. Hcp Xc-Øn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰p. ]Øp ]Xn-\-©p-t]¿. 

Iøn¬ Ipdp-h-Sn, tSm¿®v-sse‰v apX-em-bh D≠v. aZy-Øns‚ K‘w ]cnkcw 

apgp-h≥. hmbn¬ \n∂v hogp∂Xv \mdp∂ sXdn. "FSm aØmbn 

IXIp Xpd°v' F∂p ]dv IX-In¬ CSn-°p-Ibpw sXmgn-°p-I-bpamWv. 

F¥p-sN-ø-W-sa-∂-dn-bmsX Rßƒ ]cn-{`m-¥-cmbn Xo¿∂p.


86 

im¥\pw kuay-\pamb Xncp-ta\n IXIp Xpd-∂p. Xe-bn¬ \n∂v 

Dd-°-Øn¬ t]mepw akv-\]vkm am‰m-dn-√mØ Xncp-ta\n ak-v\-]vkmbpsS 

]pd-tIm-´p≈ `mKw Xe-bn-tem´v aS-°n-bn-ń-´p-≠v. "a°sf \nßƒ°n- 

„-an-s√-n¬ \mw s]mbvs°m≈mw' F∂p ]dv ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn. hcm- 

¥-bn¬ \n∂v ]pd-tØ-°n-d-ßn-b-t∏mƒ \n¿±-b-\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

]pdØv Iøn-en-cn-°p∂ hSn-sIm≠v B-Sn-®p. AXp-sIm- 

≠-am-{X-bn¬ Xncp-ta\n Xncnp\n∂p. Xs‚ Xebv°v ASn-tb¬°m- 

Xn-cn-°m≥ X°-hÆw c≠p ssIbpw Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v ]pd-tIm´v \S-∂p. 

Ing-°p-h-i-Øp-≈ I¬∏-S-hp- h-scbpw ]pd-tIm´p \S-∂p. AhnsS sN∂p 

Xncnp \S-∂p. F\n-°-t∏mgpw icn-bmbn izmkw hnSm≥ {]bm-kap≠mbn-cp-∂p. 

Fnepw Rm\pw amXyp siΩm-i\pw ]pdsI \S-∂p. 

]Sn-I-fpsS ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw sN∂-t∏mƒ Hcp a\p-jy≥ hS-°p-h-iØv \n∂v 

HmSnh∂v Fs∂ FSp-Øp-sIm≠v ih-t°m-´bv°v Ing-°p-h-i-Øp≈ CSh-gn-bn¬ 

IqSn \S-∂p. Bsct∂m Fs¥t∂m F\n°v C∂pw \n›-ban√, 

siΩm-i\pw AhnsS FØn. amXyqkv siΩm-i≥ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmsSm∏w 

\oßp-tºmƒ Btcm At±-l-Øns‚ ]pdØv Im∏n-hSn sIm≠- 

Sn-®p. At±lw ASn-sIm≠v HmSn hgn-b-cn-In-ep≈ C®n-∏-≈n¬ tPmWns‚ 

hoń¬ A`bw tXSn. hgn-bcnIn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ kv{XoI-fpsS Iq´-°c-®n¬ 

tIƒ°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. \njvTq-c-cmb ]oU-I¿ Xncp-ta-\nsb \SØn. 

A©¬s∏-ń-sb∂ ÿew IS-Øn-hn-Sm-\m-bn-cp∂p πm≥ F∂p ]d-bs∏-Sp-∂p. 

]t£, skan-\mcn ]Sn-°¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ At±-lsØ skan- 

\m-cn-bn¬ Ib‰n hnń-´p-t]mImw F∂p Xocp-am-\n-®p. A{]-Imcw sNbvXp. 

""CS-bs\ hn´v BSp-Iƒ NnX-dn-t∏mbn'' F∂ Xncp-h-N\w ZpxJ-sh-≈nbm-gvN-bpsS 

B cm{Xn-bn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bnepw \nd-th-dn. 

amÃ¿ Ipdn-bm-t°m-kns‚ _kns‚ ss{Uh-dm-bn-cp∂ ]utem-kv, 

Ipdn-bm-t°m-kns‚ hoń¬ h∂p. hnh-c-ßƒ Adn- ]utemkv 

DS≥Xs∂ ]≈n-bn-te°v t]mbn. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hSn, …o_m, Ip∏m-bßƒ 

apX-em-b-hbpw RßfpsS kmam-\-ß-fpw F√mw AhnsS\n∂v FSp- 

Øp-sIms≠Ø∂p. shfp-∏n\v A©-c- a-Wn-tbmsS Rßƒ skan-\mcn-bn¬ 

Xncn-s®-Øn. Rß-sf-°p-dn®v Xncp-ta\n hfsc hymIp-e-\m-bncp∂p. 

Rßƒ Xncn®p h∂-Xn¬ k¥p-„-\mb Xncp-ta\n Fs∂bpw Xcy≥ 

siΩm-i-s\bpw apdn-bn-te°v hnfn-∏n®p Ib‰n ]pd-sØ-¥m-sW∂p 

t\m°m≥ ]d-p. Ip∏mbw s]m°n t\m°p-tºmƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

hesØ tXmƒ`mKw apX¬ CSsØ Bdm-Ωm-en- hsc Icn-\o-en®p InS- 

∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n I¬∏n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v ]®-°-Sp° Ac®v NX- 


hp≈ `mKØv Rßƒ sIm≠p-sN∂v C´p. Xncp-ta-\n°v \√- th-Z\ a\n-t\m-sSm∏w 

ico-c-Øn-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN 

A¿∞-h-Ømbn F√m {]Im-tc-Wbpw Ign-®p-Iq-ń. ip{iq-j-Iƒ \S- 

Øm≥ Xncp-ta-\n°v Ign-hn-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ _lp-am-\-s∏´ Be-∏m-´- 

®-\mWv skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ip{iq-j-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. 

\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ I„m-\p-`-h-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v I¿Øm-hn-t\msSm∏w 

hmNym¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ I„-a-\p-`-hn® alm-tbm-Kn-bpw c‡km-£n-bp-am-bn-Øo¿∂ 

ssZh-Øns‚ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂p ]cnip-≤-\mb 

HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en-°m. Kpcp-ap-JØp \n∂p tI´- 

X√. Kpcp-h-\p-`-hn® thZ\ t\cn´p IÆp-sIm-≠p- Im-Wp-Ibpw A\p-`hn-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvX-XmWv. Cu a¿±\w \S-∂Xv s]klm Ign-p-≈ 

cm{Xn. 1997 -˛se ZpxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN Aº-Xp- h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-bn. \ap- 

°p-th≠n I„-a-\p-`-hn® ]mZm-c-hn-µ-ßƒ \an®p kvXpXnbpw 

kvtXm{Xhpw A¿∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hmb Rß-fpsS 

Kpcp ]. -Hu-tK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS Xr∏m-Z-ß-fnepw R-ß-fpsS 

kvt\lhpw `‡nbpw IrX-⁄-Xbpw _lp-am-\hpw F√mw A¿∏n- 

°p∂p. ]nXmth! Rßƒ°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°-W-ta. 




88 

7 

\mem-asØ ImtXm-en°m 

aq∂m-asØ ImtXm-en°m _t -en-tbmkv Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b\p 

{]mbm-[nIyw aqew imco-cn-I-£oWw h¿≤n-®p-h-∂-Xn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v ae- 

c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ 1962 sabv 17 -˛\p \nc-W-Øp-IqSn I≠-\mSv `{Zmk-\-Øns‚ 

ko\n-b¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbncp∂ HutK≥ am¿ Xntam- 

Øn-tbm-kns\ \nbp‡ ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn sFI-I-WvtTy\ sXc-s- 

Sp-Øp. A∂p am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-tam-Zn-®p-sIm≠p 

ImtXm-en°m _mhm sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬ am¿ HutK\p hn\bw IqSnt∏mbn 

F∂p ]d-Xv {]kn-≤-amb Hcp {]kvXm-h-\-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. 

ae--c-k-`-bnse ]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-Øn\pw kam-[m-\ -]p-\x-ÿm- 

]-Øn-\pti-jhpw {InkvXo-b-ho-£Ww th≠-{X-bn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp \yq\- 

]£w k`m kam-[m-\sØ kwi-b-Zr„ym ho£n-°p-Ibpw ]m{Xn-b¿ 

°okv -_mhm FSpØ \ne-]m-Sns\ hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v 

Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. k`m-]m-c-ºcyw A\p-k-cn-®v ae-c-bnse 

\mem-asØ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS ÿm\m-tcm-lWw ]m{Xn-b¿ 

°okv _m-hm-bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocpam-\n-°p-Ibpw 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv _mhm kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ £Ww kzoIcn-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXXv ae--c-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp \n¿Æm-b-Ikw-`-h-am-Wv. 

ae-c k`m- k-am-[m\w kw_-‘n®v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm 

hln® Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb ]n-s\-∏‰n sjh-en-b¿ kn.- sP. Ipcy≥ 

1964 HmKÃv 24 -˛mw XobXn ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ-\- 

Øn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p: 

""]. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a-\sØ-∏‰n 

]e Bi-Ifpw ]e¿°pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ ]c-am¿∞w 

ad-®p-sh-bvt°-≠-Xmb Bhiyw Ct∏m-gn-√. F∂m¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v ae- 

c kµ¿i-\-sØ-∏-‰n-tbm, AXns‚ Dt±-iy-sØ-∏-‰ntbm teihpw ktµl-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv 

tIm´-bØv 20 -˛ 5- ˛ 1964 ¬ FØn-t®¿∂ DS≥ 

sNbvX {]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ \n∂p hy‡-am-Wv. ""c≠p Znh-k-Øn-\Iw \mw 

k`bv°v Hcp ImtXm-en-t°m-kns\ hmgn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p'' 

F∂p Ak-µn-Kv≤-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°p-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\p bmsXmcp 

XS- hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-bp-sSbpw Kpcp-`q-X-s‚bpw ùXn- 

Im-h-in-„-ßƒ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ Hma-√q¿ tZhm-ebw kµ¿in-®-tijw 

]cn-]mSn A\p-k-cn®p tIm´-bØv Xncnsb FØp-Ibpw HutK≥ _mhm 


ImtXm-en°m ÿm\m-tcm-lWw 

Xncp-ta-\nsb 22˛ 5 -˛ 1964 ¬ Ing-°ns‚ ImtXm-en-°mbmbn A`n-tjIw 

sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-tijw B ]cn-ip≤ ]nXmhv sNbvX 

{]kvXm-h\ ae--c-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Fs∂∂pw X-en-]n-I-fn¬ 

FgpXn tN¿°p-hm≥ tbmKy-am-Wv. Ing-°ns‚ Imt\m-\nI ImtXm-ent°m-kn-s\-bmWv 

k`-bv°mbn hmgn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v kwi-bm-Xo-Xambn 

{]Jym-]-\w- sN-bvXp-sIm≠v At±lw k`-bnse Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂hcpw 

aä-d--h-cp-amb kIe sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-scbpw Iio-»-∑mscbpw 

siΩm-»-∑m-scbpw k¿∆- hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ah-c-h-cpsS ÿm\m- 

\p-k-cWw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ss]Xr-I-hm-’eyw Xpfp-ºp∂ 

samgn-Iƒ sIm≠v {]kvXm-hn-°-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. k¿∆-`n-∂-X-Ifpw Ahkm-\n-∏n®v 

anin-lm-bpsS k`sb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-®v, Ah-fpsS Npa-X-e- 

Iƒ \nd-th-‰m≥ HsØm-cp-a-tbmSp-IqSn {]b-Xv\n-°p-hm≥ At±lw k`ma-°sf 

Blzm\w sNøp-I-bpw AtXm-Sp-IqSn DZ-b-kq-cys‚ apºn¬ 


aqS¬av F∂-hÆw kwh-’-c-ß-fmbn k`sb Bh-cWw sNbvXn- 

cp∂ ]c-kv]c hntZz-jhpw sshcm-Kyhpw k`m-a-°-fpsS lrZ-b- 

Øn¬\n∂v A¥¿≤m\w sNøp-I-bpw, kmtlm-Z-cy-Øn-s‚bpw kua-\ky-Øn-s‚bpw 

AZr-iy-amb _‘Øm¬ Ah¿ At\ym\yw tIm¿Øn- 

W-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂Xv B hnin„ ip{iq-j-I-fn¬ kw_-‘n®


90 

]e¿°pw A\p-`-h-s∏´ kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. 

1958 ¬ Bcw-`n-®Xv 1964- ¬ Aßs\ ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp- 

≠m-b-Xv.'' 

Aßs\ ]m{Xo-b¿°o-kv -_mhm 1964 sabv 22- ˛mw XobXn tIm´bw 

am¿ Genbm IØo-{U-en¬ h®v ae--c-bn-sebpw At¥ym-Iym-bn-sebpw 

kp∂-l-tZm-kw-K-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn am¿ HutK≥ Xntam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-®-t∏mƒ 

ae--c-k-`-bnse F√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-\mb H∂m-asØ ImtXm-en°m 

F∂ al-Xz-ta-dnb ÿm\w HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m -_mhmbv°p e`n®p. 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv I-£n-bn¬ \n∂- Im-eØpw Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en°m- 

I-£n-bpsS BZ¿i-ßsf am\n-°p-Ibpw FXn¿`m-KsØ A`n-{]m-b-ßtfmSp 

kl-X-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en-°m- 

]£Øp ]c-ky-ambn tN¿∂Xv A`n-{]m-b-ß-tfm-Sp≈ tbmPn-∏p-sIm≠pam-{X-a-√, 

k`-bn¬ apgp-h≥ B sFIyw ÿm]n-°m≥ B \S-]Sn klmbn-°-W-sa∂ 

B{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw {]m¿∞-\-bp-sSbpw ê-am-bn-´p-Iq-Snbm-Wv. 

hy‡n-]-c-amb t\´-ßfpw BZm-b-ßfpw Xm¬-]-cy-ßfpw kwc- 

£n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -I-£n-bn¬ XpS-cp-I-bmWv \√-sX∂p Adnbm-sX-b√ 

Xncp-ta\n ImtXm-en°m ]£Øv tN¿∂-Xv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

A`n-em-j-ßƒ kºq¿Æ-ambn ê-{]m-]vXn-bn¬ FØn-bXv kz¿Æsh≈n-bmgvN 

\S∂ ÿm\m-tcmlWw aqe-am-Wv. 

ssZh-amWv Xncp-ta-\nsb Cu D∂-X-ÿm-\-tØ°v sXc-s-Sp-ØXv. 

A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb hn[-Øn-emWv sXc-s-Sp∏p \S-∂-Xpw. Xncp-ta\n 

Cu ÿm\w H´pw B{K-ln-®-X-√. k¿∆-i-‡s‚ kpi-‡- I-c-ß-fn¬ 

kzbw A¿∏n® Xncp-ta-\n°v ]{¥≠p h¿j-°mew `mc-ta-dnb Npa-X-e- 

Iƒ hln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw ssZhw \evIn. {]Xn- 

_-‘-ßƒ XcWw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Xncp-ta\n ae--c-k-`bv°v kp[o-camb 

t\Xr-Xz-amWp {]Zm\w sNbvX-Xv. ImtXm-en-°msb Ah-tcm-[n- 

°p-Ibpw Aßs\ ae--c-k-`-bpsS sFIy-Øn-s‚bpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsSbpw 

]pXnb A≤ym-b-Øn-s‚bpw DZvLm-S\w \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvX 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm ÿm\m-tcm-l-W-®-S-ßn-\p- tijw sNbvX Ncn{X 

{][m-\-amb {]kw-K-Øn¬ k`-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ- k-am-[m\w D≠m-sb∂p 

{]Jym-]\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cßs\ XpS¿∂p:˛ 

""Fs‚ {]nb, ap≈p-I-fpsS CS-bnse iqim-\-]p-jv]w- t]m-se-bmsW∂v 

]d-n-´p-≈-Xp -t]mse k` temI-Ønse ap≈p-I-fpsS CSbn¬ 

ÿnXn- sN-øp∂ ]pjv]-am-Wv. k`bv°p hntcm-[-ambn Hmtcm - 


ImeØv \m\m- `m-K-ß-fn¬ sRcp-°-ßfpw ]oU-Ifpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. 

k`m-a-°-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬Øs∂ CS-bv°n-Sbv°v Ie-l-ßƒ Xe-s]m°nbn-´p-≠v. 

ae--c-k` ]e- hn-[-Øn¬ Ie-l-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂p. AXpsIm≠v 

C°m-e- L-´-Øn¬ F\n°v ChnsS htc-≠n-h-∂p. Ie-l-Ønepw 

hg-°nepw \S-∂-Imew apgp-h-\mbn \mw hnkva-cn-®p-I-f-b-Ww. k`-bnse 

Cu hg°v am‰p-∂-Xn\v hfsc XymK-ßƒ kln-t°-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≠v. X∂n- 

-anØw k` hfsc £oWn-®p-t]m-bn. Ie-l-ß-fn¬\n∂v hnap‡n t\Sm≥ 

]ecpw Nn¥n®p {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v. Ah-cn¬ Hcm-fmWp a-\n-°-c-bn¬ 

I_-d-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ am¿ Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ _mhm Xncp-ta-\n. 

At±lw ChnsS h∂Xv hg-°p-Iƒ Xo¿°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ _mhm- 

Xn-cp-ta-\n°v AXn-\-h-kcw e`n-®n-√. AYhm ssZhw AXn-\-t±-lsØ 

A\p-h-Zn-®n-√. BI-bm¬ k`bv°v kam-[m\w \evtI≠ Bhiyw 

D≠mbn. Rm≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-b-tijw C°m-cy-sØ-∏‰n KmV-ambn 

Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw knwlm-k-\m-cq-V-\mbn Hcp h¿jw XnI-bp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv 

\nßƒ°-dn-hp-≈-Xp-t]mse kam-[m\ Iev]\ Ab-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

CXp-aq-ew, Imew -sNbvX ]cn-ip≤ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hmsb Rm≥ kzoIcn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. 

Aßs\ Cu k`-bpsS kam-[m-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-an-Sm≥ km[n®p. 

Ct∏mƒ B kam-[m\w ]q¿Æ-am-t°≠ Npa-X-e- IqSnbp≠v. AXp-sIm- 

≠mWv hfsc Zqsc-\n∂p h∂p Rm≥ \nß-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ 

\nev°p-∂-Xv. Cu kam-[m\w ]cn-]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \ΩpsS 

kt¥mjw kºq¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°p∂p (I-c-tLm-jw). BI-bm¬ C∂sØ 

\ΩpsS kt¥mjw AXn¿Øn-bn-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. 

F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ k`bv°v ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°msb hmgn- 

°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bmbn (I-c-tLm-jw). Cu \√ {]h¿Ø\w aqew k`bv°v 

D¬Ir-„X D≠m-Ip-sa∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. C∂p \S-Ønb ÿm\mtcm-lW 

ip{iq-j- aqew Cu k`-bpsS kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-th≠n 

{ian®hsc√mw kt¥m-jn-° -Xs∂ sNøpw. Cu kpZn\w ImWm≥ \nßfpsS 

]nXm-°-∑mcpw Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°-∑mcpw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ 

Ah¿°nXp km[n-®n-√. C∂-h¿ Bflm-hn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-≠m-hpw. 

Cu \√ kwK-Xn-bn¬ F√m-hcpw kt¥m-jn-°- Xs∂ thWw. Ct∏mƒ 

Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-°m≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. 


\mw Ct∏mƒ am¿ HutKs\ ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn hmgn®p F∂-Xpam{X-a-√, 

\Ωn¬ \n-∂-I-∂p-\n∂ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-scbpw kIe 

]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-scbpw \mw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømamsc 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cm-bn-Øs∂ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]ptcm-ln-



92 

X-∑msc kXy-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cm-bn-Øs∂ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. A{]-Imcw 

Xs∂ kIe Assh-Zn-I¿°pw th≠n Rm≥ {]m¿∞\ A¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

BI-bm¬ \nßƒ taen¬ `n∂-Xbpw A`n-{]m-b- hy-Xym-k-ßfpw 

IqSmsX Fs‚ Cu ktµiw kzoI-cn-°-Ww. \mw Chsc F{]-Imcw 

kzoI-cn-°p-∂pthm A{]-Imcw \nßfpw kzoI-cn-°-Ww. \mw \nß-fpsS 

k`-bpsS CS-b-\m-sW∂p \nßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-n¬ \ΩpsS hN\w 

A\p-k-cn-°- Xs∂ sNø-Ww. Cu \√ {]hrØn-bn¬ Rm≥ \nßsf 

A\p-tam-Zn-°p-∂tXm-sSm∏w ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbv°v ssZhw 

kt¥m-jhpw A`n-hr-≤nbpw \evIp-am-dm-I-s´. At±-l-Øns‚ `c-W- 

ImeØv k` D∂-Xnbpw t{ijvT-Xbpw {]m]n-°-s´. A{]-Imcw F√m 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-scbpw \mw A\p-tam-Zn-°p-∂p. kndn-b-bn-ep≈ F√m 

k`m-a-°fpw Cu {]hrØn-bn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-≠v. \ΩpsS ktlm-Zc-\mb 

ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Xncp-ta-\n-sbbpw a‰p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amscbpw 

kndn-b-bn-te°p Rm≥ £Wn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. \ΩpsS Cu {]hr- 

Øn-bn¬ BI-am-\-k` kt¥m-jn-°m≥ Ch¿ AhnsS hc-Ww. ssZhw 

\sΩ A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. ssZhw k`bv°v A`n-hr-≤nbpw D¬Ir-„-Xbpw 

\evI-s´. BbXv ssZh-am-Xm-hmb hnip≤ adn-bm-an-s‚bpw am¿tXmΩm- 

«o-lm-bp-sSbpw k¿∆ ]cn-ip-≤-∑m-cp-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\-bm¬ Xs∂.'' 

Cu {]kw-K-Øn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm 

sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw ]dp: ""`n∂n® k`sb ]. ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-_mhm Xncp-ta\n H∂n-∏n® hkvXpX ae--c-k` F°m-ehpw 

kvacn-°pw. ]. ]t{Xm-kns‚ At¥ym-Iym- knw-lm-k-\hpw am¿tXmΩmbpsS 

ImtXm-en-°m- knw-lm-k-\hpw c≠m-sW-nepw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.'' 


8 

ImtXm-en-°-m ˛ -am¿∏m∏m 

kw`m-jWw 

1964 Unkw_dn¬ t_mws_-bn¬ \S∂ Znhy-Im-cpWy tIm¨{Kkn¬ 

kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWp ]. t]mƒ Bdm-a≥ am¿∏m∏m C¥ybn¬ 

FØn-b-Xv. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv C¥y-bnse Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv 

k`-bpsS Xe-h\pw am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Bcq-V-\p-amb 

]. _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_m-hm-sb- t\-cn´p ImW-Wsa∂ 

am¿∏m-∏m-bpsS Nncm-`n-emjw ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xv. Cu kµ¿i-\-Øn\p 

If-sam-cp-°n-b-Xn¬ KWy-amb ]p hln-®Xv A-amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]- 

\mb ]oen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv (A∂p ^m. sI. ]oen-t∏mkv) 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbn-cp-∂p. am¿∏m-∏m-bpsS A`n-emjw \nd-th-‰p-∂- 

Xn\v F¨]-tXmfw hb- p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]. ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm imcocnI-£o-W-ßƒ 

hnkva-cn®p t_mws_-bn¬ ]d-s∂-Øn. 

1964 Unkw-_¿ aq∂mw Xo-bXn cmhnse 9 aWn-°m-bn-cp∂p IqSn- 

°mgvN \S-∂-Xv. t_mws_ B¿®v -_n-j-∏p- Iq-Sn-bmb C¥y-bpsS {]Ya 

I¿±n-\mƒ hte-dn-b≥ {Kmjy-kns‚ Ac-a-\-bnse hncn-s®m-cp-°nb Hcp 

apdn-bm-bn-cp∂p kµ¿i-\- cw-Kw. A∂p cmhnse t_mws_ _pUvlukv 

IØo{U-en-te-°p≈ hml\ KXm-KXw I¿i-\-ambn \nb-{¥n-®n-cp-∂p. 

sI. Fw. ^nen-∏ns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ FØn hn{i-an-®n-cp∂ ]. ImtXm-en- 

°m-_m-hmbpw ^m.- sI. ]oen-t∏mkpw a‰pw Ahn-sS- \n-∂mWp sh◊tb-dnb 

Hcp Imdn¬ _pUvlukv _nj]vkv ]me-kn¬ IrXy-k-a-b-Øv- 

F-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. 

am¿∏m-∏m-bpsS sk{I-´-dnbpw C¥y-bnse hØn-°m≥ {]Xn-\n-[nbpw 

tN¿∂v ]. _mhmsb Imdns‚ tUm¿ Xpd∂v kzoI-cn-®p. XpS¿∂v ]. 

_mhmbpw ^m. sI. ]oen-t∏mkpw en^v‰n¬, c≠mw-\n-e-bnep≈ am¿∏m- 

∏m-bpsS apdn-bnte°v B\-bn-°-s∏-´p. 

Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb A\¿L- \n-an-j-ßƒ. {]mNnbpw {]Xo-Nnbpw 

XΩn¬ Bt«-jn-°p-∂p. DØc Z£nW {[ph-ßƒ H∂n®v ktΩ-fn- 

°p∂p. B B≤ym-fln-I -tPym-Xn- p-Iƒ sNmcn {]`m-]qcw B apdnbn¬ 

Xfw-sI-ń -\n-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p- ti-j-ap≈ c≠p k`m- ta-e-≤y- 

£-∑m-cpsS B IqSn-°mgvN IqsS\n∂-hscsb√mw tImcn-Ø-cn-∏n-®p. 

hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw Xmgva-bp-sSbpw tIZm-c-ß-fmb Ccp-hcpw B≤ym-fln- 



94 

Im-\p-`q-Xn-I-fpsS Kncn-irw-K-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. At\-I -h¿j-ßƒ 

XΩn¬ ImWm-Xn-cp∂ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS kt¥m-j-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp ]p\xk-am-K-a-\w. 

Xt]m-\n-jvT-amb {InkvXob Pohn-X-{]-hm-l-Øns‚ Hcp 

KwKm bap\m kwKaw Xs∂. 

Ah¿ CShpw hehpw sIń-∏n-Sn-®p. am¿∏m-∏-m Xs∂ _mhmsb Xm\ncp∂ 

tkm^m-bn¬ ]nSn-®n-cp-Øn. ]. ]t{Xm-kn-s‚bpw ]. tXmΩm-«olmbp-sSbpw 

knwlm-k-\-ßƒ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AhnsS ÿm\hpw knwlmk-\hpw 

A[n-Im-chpw H∂pw {]iv\a-√. kvt\l-Øn¬\n∂p P\n® ka- 

Xz-kp-µ-c-amb A¥-co-£w. 

Xs‚ {]mbhpw Btcm-Ky-\n-ebpw H∂pw IW-°n-se-Sp-°msX 

t_mws_-bn¬ FØn-bXv XΩn¬ ImWp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ahm-Ny-amb 

kt¥m-jw -sIm-≠m-sW∂p ]. _mhm Adn-bn-®p. {InkvXob kpIr-Xß-fpsS 

\nd-Ip-S-amb am¿∏m-∏m-bpsS apJw Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-bp-sSbpw B\- 

µ-Øn-s‚bpw AXyp-∂-X -ta-J-e-I-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n. 

]cn-]m-h-\-amb B A¥-co-£-Øn¬ Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb {InkvXob 

kvt\lØns‚ AZr-iy-amb hoNn-Iƒ Iºn-bn√m Iºn-bn-se-∂-t]mse 

Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw lrZ-b-hn-]-©n-I-Ifn¬ Bfl-\n¿hr-Xn-bpsS A\p-c-W- 

\-ßƒ kr„n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. alm \K-c-amb t_mws_- hsc h∂p 

I≠-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw Xm≥ Xr]vX-\-s√∂pw ]. _mhm tdman¬ FØn 

Ipd®p\mƒ Xs‚ am\ym-Xn-Yn-bmbn Xma-kn-°-W-sa∂pw am¿∏m∏m 

]dp. I¿±n-\mƒ {Kmjykpw ^m. sI. ]oen-t∏mkpw am{X-amWv Cu 

lrZ-b-∏-I¿®bv°p km£yw hln-®-Xv. 


]. HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhmbpw ]. t]mƒ Bdm-a\pw 

GXm\pw an\n-‰p-Iƒ \o≠p-\n∂ B kw`m-j-W-Øn-\p-tijw A∂p 

tI{µ-a-{¥nbpw C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k-`-bpsS {]ikvX AwK-hpam-bn-cp∂ 

F. Fw. tXma-kv, ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpsS \yqU¬ln {]Xn- 

\n[n hn. Fw. ac-tßmen apX-em-b-h¿°pw am¿∏m∏m kµ¿i-\m-\p-hmZw 

\¬In. am¿∏m-∏m-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb Nn{X-Øm¬ apJ-ap-{Z-b-Wn-ncp∂ 

A∂sØ ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bpsS Hcp {]Xn at\m-ca {]Xn-\n[n 

am¿∏m∏m-bpsS ]mh-\-I-c-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-®p. Hcp ]p©n-cn-tbm-Sp-IqSn 

]{X-Øn¬ H∂p t\m°n-b-tijw AXv ASp-Øn-cp∂ I¿±n-\mƒ {Kmjykns\ 

Gev]n-®p. kµ¿i-Isc ^m. -sI. ]oen-t∏m-kmWp am¿∏m-∏mbv°p 

]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØns°mSp-Ø-Xv. 

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-\p-tijw ].- Im-tXm-en-°m _mhm ]. am¿∏m- 

∏mbv°p ka¿∏n-°m≥ sIm≠p-h-∂Xpw 433 hm°p-Iƒ AS-ßn-b-Xp-amb 

ktµiw ^m. -]o-en-t∏mkv hmbn®p ka¿∏n-®p. {]Xn-k-tµ-i-sa∂ \nebn¬ 

470 hm°p-Iƒ AS-ßnb IØv am¿∏m-∏m -X-s∂-bmWp hmbn-®-Xv. 

kulr-Zm-`n-hm-Z-\-ßƒ \nd-p-\n∂ Ccp-k-tµ-i-ß-fnepw C¥y-bnse 

Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k` A∏-kvtXm-enI k`-bm-sW-∂p≈ Ncn-{X-h-kvXpX 

hf-sc-b-[nIw hy‡-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. tIcfw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ahn- 

SpsØ ss{IkvX-hsc t\cn´p ImWp-∂-Xn\pw am¿∏m∏m B{Klw {]ISn- 

∏n-®p. bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fn¬ At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ kphn-tijw {]kw- 

Kn® AtX Ime-b-f-hn¬Øs∂ C¥ybv°pw B `mKyw kn≤n-®-Xn¬ 

am¿∏m∏m kt¥m-jn-°p-∂-Xmbn ktµ-i-Øn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-n-´p≠v. 

]. _mhmsb kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w _mhm {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ 

]pcm-X\ k`-bnse {]_p-≤-cmb AwK-ß-sfbpw A`n-hm-Z\w sNøp-∂- 

Xmbpw am¿∏m∏m FSp-Øp-]-d-n-cn-°p-∂p. 

Ccp ktµ-i-ß-fnepw C¥y-bnse ItØm-en-°cpw Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp- 

Imcpw Hcp ip`m-h-k-c-Øn¬ At∏m-kvX-enI hnizm-k-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ 

ASp-°p-sa∂v {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w {]Xymi {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-ap-≠v. Ac- a-Wn- 

°q¿ \o≠p-\n∂ B Ahn-kva-c-Wob "D®-tImSn' kw`m-jWw 

ss{IkvXh k`m-N-cn-{X-Ønse ""kt¥m-j-Øns‚ Hcp kmbm”''ambn 

F∂pw ]cn-e-kn-°pw. 

]. _mhmbpw ].- am¿∏m-∏mbpw ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dn-bXpw kvt\lhmbv]v 

XpSn-°p-∂-Xp-amb ktµ-i-ß-fpsS Bfl-kØ X¿÷-a-bn-eqsS 

H´pw tNm¿∂p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°s´ F∂p IcpXn Ah AtX-]Sn NphtS 




96 

tN¿°p∂p:˛ 

Greeting of H. H. the Catholicos Augen I to H. H. the Pope Paul 

VI 

Holy Father in Christ, 

We give glory to God, The Holy Trinity for His great mercy in making 

this meeting possible. This great land of India with its ancient history and 

tradition of great religious saints had extended its welcome to the Christian 

Church in the middle of the first century A. D. when St. Thomas one of 

the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ founded it. Through the centuries the 

Church has lived its life here as part of the life and history of India, for 

long it has been isolated from the main currents of Christian Church and 

its growth in the western world. However, it maintained its connection with 

Persia and the See of Antioch. At present Syrian Christians include Orthodox 

Syrians, Catholic Syrians, Anglican Syrians, and Marthoma Syrians. 

Inspite of all these influences and other vicissitudes it is a matter of profound 

gratefulness to God that we have kept the faith once delivered to the 

saints. The ancient Catholicate of the East was revived here at the beginning 

of this century and my humble self is the fourth occupant of the throne 

since its establishment in India in 1912. 

The Orthodox Syrian Church has been viewing with keen interest, the 

deliberations of the Second Vatican Council under the able leadership of 

both Pope John of blessed memory and Your Holiness. We had sent observers 

to the Council in response to Your Holiness' kind invitation. The 

Council has opened vistas of new hope and expectations in the minds of 

Christians all over the world about the union of the Christian Churches. 

The Orthodox Church in India shares that hope and is united in prayer 

with Holiness in this great venture that the high priestly prayer of our 

Lord may be fulfilled in the way and time that the Holy Spirit wills. 

I may venture to express to your Holiness that the new spirit that Your 

Holiness and Your saintly predecessor have brought in, will inaugurate a 

new relationship of cordiality between our Churches. There have been painful 

instances of groups changing from one faith to another often without theological 

or doctrinal grounds which I believe have not contributed to the 

best in Christian witness. 

In spite of my old age and present conditions of health I did not want to 

miss this great privilege of meeting Your Holiness and exchange fraternal 

greetings with You on this historical occasion of the first visit to our land 

by the primate of the See of Rome. Let us join to praise God for all his 


blessings throughout the ages and to pray Him for His inestimable blessings 

and guidance in the years to come. 

Greeting of H. H. Pope Paul VI to H. H. the Catholicos Augen I 

Your Holiness, 

It is in a spirit of great joy that We greet you today. Our pilgrimage to 

the Congress which is meeting in this city of Bombay in order to renew 

Our devotion and fidelity to Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ receives 

new inspiration from the knowledge that you also have been able to come 

here to meet with us and exchange with Us a fraternal and Christian greeting. 

How great a pleasure it would have been for Us to visit the state of 

Kerala and personally greet the flourishing Christian communities which 

are established there. Their traditions of Christian life and witness extend 

back to Apostolic times, and We rejoice in the fact that even as the message 

of love and reconciliation was being brought to Europe through Christ's 

Apostles, ambassadors of peace, it was also reaching out at the same time 

to embrace your own native land. It established deep roots, and from the 

beginning has contributed greatly to the spiritual and cultural life of India. 

If the restricted nature of Our present pilgrimage makes it impossible 

for Us to make this visit at this time, We are comforted by the fact that, in 

the person of Your Holiness, We are able to salute the many thousands of 

Christians you represent. Even as We rejoice that so many Christians in 

this land glory in being heirs to the traditions of the Apostles, so also We 

face the reality that unhappily there do not exist the bonds of full communion 

among those whom the Lord calls to be of one heart and one soul (Act, 

4. 32). The pain which this causes also spurs Us on to strive humbly but 

confidently for the reconciliation of all Christians in the unity of the one 

and only Church of Christ (Decr de Oecumenismo, n. 24). Fidelity to the 

faith preached by the Apostles and the Fathers as well as loyalty to the 

Apostolic charge which the Lord has laid upon Us make us understand that 

the way to full communion is a difficult one which offers an opportunity to 

the genuine charity of all Christians and to their patience is striving to 

carry out the inscrutable decrees of God. 

As We salute Your Holiness and, in Your person, the venerable church 

of which you are the pastor, We wish to express our desire and determination 

that Catholics also fully accept that opportunity. 

God grant that the fraternal greeting we are exchanging now be the pledge 



98 

of our common desire that, with the grace of God and according to the 

ways which He will determine, Catholics and Orthodox in India may one 

day arrive at that happy state which once characterized their apostolic forbears 

who, the sacred writer tells us, "continued steadfastly in the teaching 

of the Apostles and in the communion of the breaking of the bread and in 

the prayers'' (Acts 2, 42). 


9 

FtXym-]y≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv 

FtXym-]y≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bm-bn-cp∂ slbven -sk-em-kn-bpsS ]cn- 

{i-a-^-e-ambn 1965 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ FtXym-]y-bpsS Xe-ÿm-\-amb BUnkv 

A_m_bn¬ tN¿∂ ]uc-kvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-X-e-h-∑m-cpsS 

kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ C¥y-bnse Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-X-e-h≥ F∂ \nebn¬ 

HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhmbv°pw kw_-‘n-°p-∂Xn\p `mKy-ap-≠mbn. 

kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv k-`-bpsS Xe-h-\mb At¥ymIym ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

C·m-tXymkv bm°q_v XrXo-b\pw Cu tIm¨^-d≥kn¬ 

]s-Sp-Øp. ae-c F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv sk{I-´dn Zm\n-tb¬ 

am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\m-kv, ]utemkv am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv F∂o sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw, 

amt\-P-c-®≥ F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn-≤-\m-bn-cp∂ ^m. 

‰n. kn. tP°_pw, AJne temI k`m Iu¨kn¬ Atkm. sk{I-´dn 

^m. t]mƒ h¿Kokpw (C-t±-l-Øns‚ {ia-ê-ambmWv N{I-h¿Øn 

ktΩ-f\w hnfn®p Iqń-b-Xv), FtXym-]ym-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ dh. tUm. 

hn. kn. kmap-h¬, dh. tUm. -sI. kn. tPmk^v F∂n-hcpw BUnkv 

A_m_m ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ C¥y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`sb {]Xn-\n- 

[m\w sNbvXp. C{]-Imcw Hcp ktΩ-f\w hnfn-®p-Iq-´-W-sa∂ Bibw 

BZy-ambn ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®Xv Imew sNbvX ]. _tk-en-tbmkv Koh-dp- 

Kokv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Bbn-cp∂p F∂v ChnsS Hm¿t°- 

≠-Xp-≠v. 

`c-W-Im-cy-Øn¬ kzX-{¥-ß-fmb ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv -k-`- 

Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ncn{Xw kr„n® Cu ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ {]mbm- 

[n-IysØ hI-h-bv°msX ]s-SpØ ]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhm-tbmSv FtXym- 

]y≥ N{I-h¿Ønbpw a‰p k`m-X-e-h-∑mcpw {]I-Sn-∏n® kvt\lm-Z-c-ßƒ 

Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-Wv. ktΩ-f-\m-\-¥cw ].- A-t¥ym-Iym -]m-{Xn-b¿°okns‚ 

£Ww kzoI-cn®v kndn-b-bnse {][m\ k`m-tI-{µ-ßfpw hnip≤ 

\mSp-Ifpw Hcn-°¬°qSn kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\pw ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmbv°p 

km[n-®p. 

F¨]-Xp -h-b v Ign ].- Hu-tK≥ _m-hmbpw a‰pw P\p-hcn 11˛mw 

XobXn sIm®n-bn¬ \n∂p hnam-\-am¿§w t_mws_- ˛ -I-dm-®n -˛ -GU≥ 

hgn FtXym-]ym-bnse Akvam-d-bn-te°p t]mbn. Ahn-SsØ Kh¿sΩ‚ v 

KÃv lukn¬ ]. -_mhm A∂pcm{Xn Xma-kn-®p. AXn-i-‡-amb 

ssiXyw A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xns\ XpS¿∂v ImtXm-en-°m- _m-hmbpw amt\-P- 




100 

c-®\pw a‰pw A∂p-cm-{Xn- Xs∂ Cl-tem-I-hmkw shSn-bptam F∂p 

t]mepw `b-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. ]nt‰- Zn-hkw BUnkv A_m-_-bn-te-°p≈ 

hnam-\-bm{X XpS¿∂p. B hnam-\-Øn¬ At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw 

kndn-b-bnse c≠p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mamcpw c≠p dºm-∑mcpw D≠m-bncp-∂p. 

sa{Xm-∑mcpw _mhm-amcpw ]c-kv]cw Benw-K\w sNbvXp kzoIcn-®p. 

hnam\w BUnkv A_m_m Xmh-f-Øn¬ Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ N{Ih¿Ønbpw 

FtXym-]y≥ k`-bnse BŒnwKv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-km-bn-cp∂ 

B_q\m sXtbm-^n-temkpw ]Xn-\-©n-e-[nIw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-mamcpw 

tN¿∂mWv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn-s\bpw ImtXm-en-°m-sbbpw ssIapØn 

kzoI-cn-®-Xv. XpS¿∂v B_q\m am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv sNbvX {]kw-K- 

Øn-\p-tijw ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw ImtXm-en-°mbpw kap-Nn-X-ambn adp-]Sn 

]d-p. k`m Xe-h-∑m¿°p-th≠n {]tXyIw k÷-am-°n-bn-cp∂ Hcp 

sIm´m-c-Øn-emWv ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmbpw Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A∂p 

sshIn´v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hmbpw ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmbpw N{Ih¿Ønsb 

kµ¿in®v kw`m-jWw \SØn. F¨]-Øn-H∂p hb- p- 

≠m-bn-cp∂ HutK≥ _mhm ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ss[cy-]q¿∆w FØn-t®¿∂- 

Xn¬ N{I-h¿Øn IqSp-X¬ k¥p-„nbpw B›-cyhpw {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. ]pcm- 

X-\-amb ae-ck`bv°v AZzn-Xo-b-amb ÿm\-amWv _mhm-bpsS 

kµ¿i\w aqew Ahn-sSbpw e`n-®-Xv. 

BUnkv A_m_ ktΩ-f\w P\p-hcn 15 \p Bcw-`n®p. At¥ymIym 


]. HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhmsb ]. bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okpw 

slbven skemkn N{I-h¿Ønbpw tN¿∂v kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv, A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ kp{]ow ImtXm-en-t°mkv hkvI≥, 

HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hm, knen-jy≥ ImtXm-en°m tImdn≥, 

B_q\m sXtbm-^n-temkv F∂n-h¿ A≤y-£-th-Zn-bn¬ slbven 

skemkn N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-ep-ambn Ccp-∂p. N{I-h¿ØnbmWv 

ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm-bpw, hkvI≥ ImtXm-en-°mbpw {]kw-Kn-®p. 

A¿ao-\n-b≥ k`-bpsS {]mXn-\n[yw kw_-‘n-®p≠mb X¿°sØ 

XpS¿∂v sshIn´pw ]nt‰-Zn-h-khpw ktΩ-f\w \S-∂n-√. 18 ˛\p ktΩf\w 

]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-Ibpw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Isf kw_-‘n-°p∂ 

]e kp{]-[m\ Xocp-am-\-ßfpw ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXp. FtXym- 

]y-bnse kµ¿i-\ -]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p tijw P\p-hcn 25- ˛mw XobXn 

sIbvtdm-bn-te°v ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmbpw a‰pw ]d-∂p. AhnsS FØnb 

tijw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm Za-kvtIm-kn-te°p t]mIp-Ibpw ImtXmen-°m- 

_m-hmbpw a‰pw tIm]v‰nIv k`-bpsS AXn-Yn-I-fmbn ]e ]≈n- 

Ifpw kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

c≠p Znh-ksØ kµ¿i-\-Øn-\p-tijw ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmbpw 

IpsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-hcpw bdp-i-te-an-te-°p- t]m-bn. hnip-≤- \m-Sp-I-fnse 

]pWy-ÿ-e-ßƒ kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\p ImtXm-en-°m- _m-hmbv°p Pohn- 

X-km-bm-”-Øn¬ Hc-h-kcw IqSn e`n-®p. 

t_bvdq-´v, tImdn≥ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS Bÿm-\-amb B‚-en-bmkv 

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse kµ¿i\Øn\p-tijw s^{_p-hcn 3 ˛mw XobXn 

At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ Bÿm-\-amb Zam-kvI-kn-te°p 

t]mbn. ]m{Xn-b¿°m Ac-a-\-Ihm-S-Øn¬h®v Ing-°ns‚ ImtXm-en- 

°msb I≠-t∏mƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm At±-lsØ kk-t¥mjw 

Benw-K\w sNbvXp kzoI-cn-®p. 

"ae--c-k-`-bnse kam-[m\w kp`-{Z-am-bn-Øs∂ Ccn-°p-∂pthm' 

F∂p ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm BImw-£m-]q¿∆w F√m-h-tcmSpw Bcmbp-I-bp-≠m-bn. 

c≠p _mhm-amcpw knwlm-k-\- hy-Xym-k-sat\y H∂n- 

®n-cp∂p Ipi-e-{]iv\w sNbvXp. 

Ahn-SpsØ kµ¿i-\ -]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p-tijw ImtXm-en-°m -_mhm 

tlmwkpw, Be-t∏m-bpw, slk-°m-bpw, sZdn°pw a‰pw kµ¿in®p ]e 

kzoI-c-W-ß-fn¬ ]s-Sp-Øp. ]n∂oSv ImtXm-en-°m- _mhm Ncn-{X-{]kn- 

≤-amb aqk¬ kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 



102 

10 

am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS 

Xncp-ti-jn∏v 

aqk¬ kµ¿i-\m¿∞w HutK≥ _m-hmbpw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv - 

_mhmbpw Xoh-≠n -am¿§w aqk¬ tÃj-\n¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ aqk-ense 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm, am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv k°m-bnbpw a‰pw Ah¿°p 

lrZy-amb Hcp hc-th-ev]mWp \¬In-b-Xv. Ah-cpsS kzoI-c-W- tLmjbm-{X-bpsS 

e£yw ]g-°-ta-dnb aqk¬ sa{Xm-k\ Ac-a-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

am¿tXmΩm- «o-lm-bpsS \ma-Øn-emWv Cu ]≈n ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p- 

∂-Xv. Cu ]≈n-bpsS Hcp `nØn°v kw`-hn® tISp-t]m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 

B `nØn s]mfn® Ah-k-c-Øn-emWv am¿tXm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS Xncpti-jn∏v 

I≠pInń-b-Xv. Hcp am¿_nƒ t]S-I-Øn¬ AXv `wKn-bmbn 

kq£n-®p-h-®n-cp-∂p. ""C¥y-bn¬ kphn-tijw Adn-bn® am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS 

Xncp-ti-jn∏v'' F∂p ]gb Fkv{X≥tKem A£-c-Øn¬ AXn-t∑¬ 

Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. C¥ybn¬ am¿tXm-Ωm -«olm kphn-tijw Adnbn®p 

F∂p-≈-Xn\v Hcp km£y-ambpw AXn-ep-]cn At∏m-kvX-es‚ ùXn- 

Im-h-in„w ae--c-k-`-bn¬ Zo¿L-Im-e-ambn \ne-hn-en-cp∂ `n∂X Ahkm-\n-∏n®p 

kam-[m\w ]p\xÿm-]n-®-Xn\v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\p e`n® 

Hcp Znhy-k-Ωm-\-ambpw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm Cu Xncp-ti-jn-∏ns\ 

]cn-K-Wn®p. al-Ømb Cu "kphn-tijw' ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm 

C¥y≥k-`sb tI_nƒam¿§w Adn-bn-®p. 

BZy-Im-eØv C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v FtU- m-bn-te-°mWp am¿tXm-Ωm- 

«o-lm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v sIm≠p-t]m-b-Xv. B ]pWy-hkvXp 394- ˛¬ 

Dd-lm-bnse am¿tXmΩm -«o-lm-bpsS ]≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n-®p. AXv Hcp 

I¿°-SIw (Pq-sse) aq∂mw- Xo-b-Xn-bm-Wv. B Znhkw am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS 

Hm¿Ω (Zp-Ivtdm-t\m) Bbn sIm≠m-Sp-hm≥ k` \n›-bn-®p. Cu Xncpti-jn-∏ns‚ 

Awi-ßƒ ]n∂oSv ]e ÿe-ß-fn-te°pw sIm≠p-t]mbn 

F∂mWp Ncn{Xw. Ime-{I-a-Øn¬ Ddlm am¿tXm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS I_- 


dn-S-ÿ-e-ambpw ImtXm-en-°m-am-cpsS Bÿm-\-ambpw Xo¿∂p. ImtXm- 

en°m Bÿm\-Øns‚ ÿm\-N-e-\-tØm-sSm∏w B Xncp-ti-jn-∏p- 

Ifpw am‰-s∏-´-Xmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. 

aqk¬ sk‚ v tXmakv ]≈n-bn¬ HutK≥ _mhm hnip≤ Ip¿_m\ 

A¿∏n-®p. Ip¿_m-\- at≤y ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm ]≈n-bn¬ FØp- 

Ibpw am¿_nƒ t]S-I-Øn¬ kq£n-®n-cp∂ am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS Xncp-tijn∏v 

AXp h®n-cp∂ ÿe-Øp-\n∂v BtLm-j-]q¿∆w sIm≠p-h∂v 

hnip≤ aZv_-lm-bn¬ {]tXyIw k÷-am-°n-bn-cp∂ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp 

]oT-Øn¬ h-bv°p-Ibpw {]tXyI {]m¿∞-\bpw [q]m-cm-[-\bpw Ignv 

Hcp sNdp {]kw-K-tØm-Sp-IqSn ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmsb Gev]n-°p-IbpwsN-bvXp. 

HutK≥ _mhm BZ-c-]q¿∆w AXv G‰p-hm-ßp-Ibpw Xncp-tijn∏v 

\evIn-b-Xn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hm-tbmSpw k°mbn sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-tbmSpw 

IrX-⁄X {]Im-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw D≠m-bn. A\-¥cw 

_mhm-amcpw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw dºm-®∑mcpw ]´-°mcpw ip{iq-j- 

Icpw Xncp-ti-jn∏pw hln-®p-sIm≠pw ]≈n-b-IØp {]tXyI KoX-ßƒ 

Be-]n-®p-sIm≠pw Hcp kvtXm{X -{]-Z-£nWw \S-Øp-Ibpw XpS¿∂v 

hn. -Ip¿∫m\ ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu Xncp-ti-jn-∏mWv C∂v 

tIm´-bw -Im-tXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a\ Nm∏-en¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 

_mKvZm-Zv, _{km, _lvdn≥, JØ¿, tUml F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ k©cn®p 

aebm-fn-I-fmb ae--c -k-`mw-K-ß-fpsS kzoI-c-W- k¬°m-c-ßfn¬ 

HutK≥ _mhm ]s-Sp-Øp. XpS¿∂v t_mws_- hgn tIm´-bØv 

Xncn-s®-Øn-bt∏mƒ _mhmbv°pw am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS Xncp-tijn-∏n\pw 

e`n® `‡n-\n¿`-c-amb kzoI-cWw Ah¿Æ-\o-b-am-Wv 

(am¿tXmΩm «olm-bpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏v \¬Inb ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmWv 

A©p sIm√w Ign--t∏mƒ am¿tØm-Ωm-bpsS ]´w tcJm-aqew "Ducnsb-Sp-ØXv.' 

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\Xncmb ]m]w). hnip≤ \mSp-I-fnse 

Xs‚ Ah-km-\sØ kµ¿i-\-Øn-\p-tijw `mKy-hm-\mb HutK≥ 

_mhm 1965 am¿®v 9 ˛mw XobXn cm{Xn ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\-bn¬ 

kkpJw Xncn-s®-Øn. 




104 

11 

Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew 

aq∂m-asØ ImtXm-en°m Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm 1964 P\phcn 

3 ˛mw XobXn Imew- sN-bvX-Xn-\m¬ 1962 sabv 17- ˛mw XobXn ae-c 

Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ sXc-s-Sp-Øn-cp∂ HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv 

ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn Nm¿s÷-Sp-Øp. A∂v Fw. Un. skan- 

\m-cn-bn¬h®v am¿ Xntam-Øntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm sNbvX Nca 

{]kw-K-Øn¬ ""\ymb-Øn\pw kXy-Øn\pw {]am-W-Øn\pw \oXn-°pwth≠n 

\ne-\n∂ Imew-sNbvX Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Ime-Sn-Iƒ hnizm-k-ÿnc- 

X-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]n¥p-S-cp-sa∂p'' {]Jym-]n-®n-cp-∂p. B kXy-{]-Xn⁄ 

At±lw Pohn-X-Øn¬ \nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn Nm¿sP-SpØv ae--c-k-`-bnse sshImcn-I 

-sFIyw t]mjn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw kºq¿Æ kam-[m-\-Øn-\p≈ hneßp-X-Sn-Iƒ 

\o°p-∂-Xn\pw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv -_m-hmsb lqZm-b -Im-t\m- 

\nse hyh-ÿsb am\n-®p-sIm≠v £Wn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ImtXm-en-°mhm-gvN-bn¬ 

]s-Sp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ae-c F∏-nkvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv 

Xocp-am-\n-®p. A∂sØ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ÿm\m-tcm-l-W- th-f-bn¬ 

hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn®v ImtXm-en-°msb £Wn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-nepw AsX√mw 

hnkva-cn-®p-sIm≠v 1958 -˛se ]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn-embn-cn-°Ww 

ae-c kp∂-l-tZmkv tIkp-Iƒ°v A¥n-a-hn-cmaw CSp-∂- 

Xn\pw kam-[m-\-Øn\p kºq¿Æ-`-{ZX e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw -th≠nv ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-_m-hmsb £Wn-®-sX∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. ae-c kp∂-ltZmkns‚ 

£W-a-\p-k-cn®v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv _m-hmbpw aq∂p sa{Xm- 

∑mcpw ae--c-bn¬ FØp-sa∂v 1964 s^{_p-h-cn-bn¬ Dd-∏m-bn. F∂m¬ 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv hcm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Nne XS- -ßƒ kr„n-°p-∂-Xn\pw 

ap≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv `mKsØ Nne {]am-Wn-Iƒ {ian-®p-sh∂pw AXv 

]cm-P-b-s∏-´p-sh∂pw ]n∂oSv hy‡-am-bn. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS sNe-hn¬ C¥y-bn¬ FØnb ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv - 

_mhmbpw sa{Xm-∑mcpw \yqU¬ln-bn¬h®v cm{„-]Xn tUm. Fkv. 

cm-[m-Ir-jvWs\ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw tIc-f-Øn¬ FØn H´-[nIw kzoIc-W- 

k-ev°m-c-ß-fn¬ ]s-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS 

ÿm\m-tcm-l-W-Øn-\p- apºv ImtXm-en-t°m-kns‚ A[n-Im-c-ko-abn¬s∏´ 

Ipssh‰v apX-emb {]tZ-i-ß-fn-t∑-ep≈ Ah-Imiw ]m{Xnb¿°o-kns\ 

]nW-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ae-c kp∂-l-tZmkv 


Dt]-£n® Imcyw hfsc sshIn -am-{Xta k`mw-K-ßƒ Adnp-≈p. 

Ahn-SpsØ kº-∂-cmb ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS B≤ym-fln-Im-h-iy-ßƒ \ndth-‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ 

kwhn-[m\w XpS-cp-sa∂pw hyh-ÿ- sN-bvXn-cp-∂p. 

{]mtbm-Kn-I -X-e-Øn¬ Cu Xocp-am-\-Øn\v AsX-gp-Xnb IS-em-kns‚ 

hne- t]m-ep-an-s√-∂mWv A\p-`-h-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®-Xv. ae-c kp∂-l-tZmkw-K-ß-fpsS 

kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn \S∂ ImtXm-en-°m- ÿm-\m-tcmlWw 

Ncn{Xw kr„n® Hcp kw`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu NS-ßn¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhmbpw ioa-bn¬ \n-∂p-h∂ sa{Xm-∑mcpw am{Xta kw_- 

‘n-®n-cp-∂p-≈psh∂v ImWn-°m≥ Nne Xev]-c-I-£n-Iƒ t^mt´m -shń 

tªm°p-≠m°n ]c-ky-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv ss{IkvX-h¿ F∂ \ne-bn-ep-≈ 

Ah-cpsS A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Hcp AS-bm-f-am-bn- am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°pw. 

ImtXm-en-°m -ÿm-\mtcm-lWw t\cn-´p-I≠v kt¥m-jn® At\-Imbncw 

k`mw-K-ßƒ C∂pw sX°pw hS°pw Pohn-°p-∂p-≠v. Iymad I≈w 

]d--mepw IÆp-Iƒ AS-bv°m-\m-hn-√-t√m. ImtXm-en°m ÿm\m-tcml-W-tØmsS 

ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Ccp-hn`m- 

K-ßfpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw H∂m-bn. ImtXm-en-°m- ÿm-]\w k` apgp-ht‚-Xp-am-bn. 

ChnsS 1912 -˛¬ ÿm]n® ImtXm-en-°m -knw-lm-k\w 

A_vZp≈ ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw ]n≥Km-an-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. AXp-t]mse- 

Xs∂ ChnsS hmWn-cp∂ ImtXm-en-°m-amcpw Ahsc A\p-k-cn-®-hcpw 

At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-am-scbpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. Cu ]c-kv]c 

FXn¿∏v F∂-t∂-°p-ambn amdn F∂v F√m-hcpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXp. k` H´p°v AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hmbpw ImtXmen-°m 

-_m-hmbpw D≠m-b-Xn-\m¬ k`-bnse ""Rßfpw'' ""\nßfpw'' A{]- 

Xy-£-am-bn. 1958 -˛¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm kam-[m-\- I-ev]\ ]pd-s∏- 

Sp-hn-®-t∏mƒ AXv AtX-]Sn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ hnk-ΩXn-®-hcpw ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-_m-hm-bpsS {]kwKw tI´-t∏mƒ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS A\pbm-bn-I-fmbn 

amdn-t∏m-bn-cn-°-Ww. 

""ae--c-bn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂ kam-[m\w \nßƒ apdpsI ]nSn-°Ww. 

AXm-bn-cn°pw F\n°v \evIm-hp∂ \nß-fpsS G‰hpw A`n-Im-ay-amb 

]mcn-tXm-jn-Iw. k¿t∆m-]cn hnip≤ PohnXw \bn-°p-Ibpw thWw. 

ae--c-k-`-bn¬ ]≠p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ie-l-sØ-∏‰n C\nbpw Nn¥n-°p- 

Itbm AtX-s®m√n Fs¥-nepw ]dp hg-°p-≠m-°p-Itbm sNøp- 

∂-Xp-sIm≠v \ΩpsS k`bvt°m k`-bn¬ B¿s°-n-eptam bmsXmcp 

KpWhpw D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp-∂n-√. 


Ign Imcy-ßƒ ]dp hg-°p-Iƒ IpØn-s∏m-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p- 

∂-h¿°v tem-Øns‚ `mcy-bv°p-≠mb A\p`hw ˛ -D-∏p-Xq-Wm-bn-Øo¿∂


106 

A\p-`-hw -˛ -D-≠mIpw.'' tIm´bw knwlm-k-\-∏-≈n-bn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv- 

_mhm sNbvX {]kw-K-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-Wn-Xv. k`m kam-[m\w D≠mbn-cn-°p∂ 

kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ]gb Imcy-ß-fn-te°pw apºp-≠m-bn-´p≈ 

Akp-J-ß-fn-te°pw tI p-I-fn-te°pw ]c-kv]cw sNbvXn-´p≈ t{Zmlß-fn-te°pw 

ItÆm-Sn-°p-tºmƒ ]ns∂bpw hncp-≤-X-bn-te°pw AkpJß-fn-te°pw 

t]mImt\ a\p-jy\p tXm∂p-I-bp-≈p. AXp-sIm≠v 

temØns‚ `mcy-bpsS Imcyw A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®Xv hfsc \∂m-bn. 

F∂n´pw ""temØns‚ `mcy-am-cmbn'' Nne¿ k`-bn¬ Xe-bp-b¿Øn 

F∂Xv \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sat∂ ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≈p. 

HutK≥ _mhmbv°v `mc-ta-dnb Npa-X-e-I-fmWp hln-t°-≠n-h-∂Xv. 

At±-l-Øns‚ ap≥Km-an-Iƒ°v Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ A`n-{]m-b-ß-ƒ BZcn-®p-am{Xw 

{]h¿Øn-®m¬ aXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hn`n∂ Nn¥m-K-Xn- 

I-fn¬ Xg-ºn® c≠p Iq´-cpsS sshIm-cnI sFIyw km[n-°p-∂ -Imcyw 

{ia-km-≤y-amb H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bmsX hnS-Ww. F√mk-Xy-ßfpw 

]d-b-cp-Xv. s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw {]hrØn-bnepw F√mw hfsc 

kq£n®p \otß≠ Npa-X-e-bmWv F¨]-tXm-S-SpØ ]pXnb ImtXmen-°m-bpsS 

Npa-en¬ Ib-dn-b-Xv. ap≈p-Iƒ \nd ]mX-bn-eqsS k©cn® 

Xntam-Øntbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v ap≈p-I-fpsS Hcp InS-°- 

X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ImtXm-en-°m- ÿm-\hpw F∂p ]d-bmw. ae--c-bn¬ 

D≠m-bn-cn-°p∂ imizX kam-[m\w aqew k` kr„n-]-c-amb cwK-ßfn¬°qSn 

A`n-hr-≤n-s∏Ss´ F∂ ip`m-iw-k-I-tfm-sS-bmWp ]m{Xnb¿°o-kv 

-_mhm ae-c hn´-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v k`-bpsS kr„n-]-c-amb 

{]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A\yq\w XpS-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ A¥-co£w kwPm-X-am-bncp-∂p. 

HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Npa-Xe Gev°p-∂-Xn\p apºp-Xs∂ 

k`-bpsS πm\nwKv IΩn‰n cq]w \evInb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]ptcm-K-an-®psIm≠n-cp-∂p. 

CXc Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w sa®-s∏- 

´p-h-∂p. 1963 Pqsse amk-Øn¬ Ae-Ivknkv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

sa{Xm≥ ÿm\m-`n-tjI I\-I-Pq-_n-en-bn¬ kw_-‘n-°m≥ amXyqkv 

am¿ AØm-\mt-kym-kv, Zm\n-tb¬ am¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv F∂o sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-am¿ 

djy≥ k`-bpsS BXnYyw kzoI-cn®p tamkvtImbpw 

a‰pw kµ¿in-®p. ImtXm-en-t°‰v sk≥{S¬ Hmôkv B[p-\n-I -\n-ebn¬ 

kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v k`m amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n Xocp-am\w FSpØp. 

Fw. Un. skan-\mcn hf-∏n¬ IqSp-X¬ sIń-S-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°m≥ \n›bn-®p. 

ae--c-k`m `c-W-Øn\v Hcp F∏-nkvtIm-∏¬ Iu¨kn¬ 1963 

sk]vXw-_-dn¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p. aq∂m-asØ ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS Ime- 


tijw `c-W-`m-c-ta‰ HutK≥ _mhmbv°v ]e {]iv\ß-sf t\cn-tS-≠- 

Xp-≠m-bn-cp∂p Fnepw BZy h¿jßfn¬ k`m-\uI im¥-amb kmKc-Øn-eq-sS-bmWp 

\oßn-b-Xv. tI pw I£n-h-g°pw Xo¿∂p. apºp c≠p 

I£n-I-fmbn \n∂-h¿ Hcp-an®v Bcm-[-\ -\-S-Øn. Nne sshZn-I¿ apºp 

Ib-dn-bn-ń-√mØ tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ kt¥m-j-]q¿∆w _en A¿∏n-®p. 

Aßs\ k` sshIm-cnI sFIy-Øn-te°pw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°pw 

\oßn. 

k`m- `-c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcm-hp∂ t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-Øp- 

∂-Xn\v ImtXm-en-°m -_mhm Hcp dqƒ IΩn-‰nsb \ntbm-Kn-®p. k`bpsS 

]ptcm-K-Xnsb ap≥\n¿Øn ]pXp-Xmbn GXm\pw sa{Xm-∑msc hmgn- 

°m≥ kp∂-l-tZmkv \hw-_¿ 20 \p Xocp-am-\n-®p. A-amen `{Zm-k-\- 

Øns‚ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-sb- Hm¿ØtUmIvkv 

kt≠-kvIqƒ kamPw {]kn-U-≠mbpw IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ 

Ipcy≥ tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏msb kamPw Ub-d-Œ¿ P\-dembpw ^m. sI. 

tUhn-Uns\ ]ªn-t°-j≥ Hmô-k-dmbpw kp∂-l-tZmkv sXc-s- 

SpØp. 

1965 P\p-hcn BZyw FtXym-]y-bnse BUnkv A_m-_-bn¬ \S∂ 

]uc-kvXy- k-`-I-fpsS kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ HutK≥ _mhm, ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm-tbm-sSm∏w kw_-‘n-°p-Ibpw XpS¿∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_m-hmbpsS 

£W-a-\p-k-cn®v kndn-bm-bnse ]≈n-Ifpw hnip-≤ -\m-Sp-Ifpw 

kµ¿in-°p-I-bpw- sN-bvXp. Xs‚ sNdp-∏-Im-esØ PohnX kvac-W-Iƒ 

]pXp-°n. am¿tXm-ΩmbpsS Xncp-ti-jn∏pw Cu bm{X-bn¬ ]m{Xn-b¿ 

°okv _mhm \evIn. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sshZn-I- sk-an-\mcn Hcp _n.Un. 

tImf-Pmbn Db¿Øn-bXv 1965 s^{_p-hcn H∂p apX-em-sW-∂p-≈Xv 

sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS {]n≥kn-∏m-fm-bn-cp∂ HutK≥ _m-hmbv°v 

IqSp-X¬ kt¥m-j-Øn\p hI-\-evIn. ImtXm-en-°m-Zn\w k`-bpsS 

sFIy-Øn-s‚bpw kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ambn k` apgp-h≥ BNcn-®p. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jvIcn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 

F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am-\n-®p. k`-h-Ibmbn 

saUn-°¬an-j≥ {]h¿Ø\w DSs\ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb 

\S-]-Sn-Ifpw kzoI-cn-®p. HmKÃv 27- ˛mw XobXn ]g-b-sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ 

HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ k`m-am-t\-PnwKv IΩn‰nbpsSbpw 

πm\nwKv IΩn-‰n-bp-sSbpw kp∂-l-tZm-kn-s‚bpw kwbp-‡ -tbmK- 

Øn¬ ae--c-k-`-bpsS ]ptcm-KXn ap≥\n¿Øn πm\nwKv IΩo-j≥ aptºm- 

´p-h® \n¿t±-i-ßƒ F√mw kp∂-l-tZmkv kzoI-cn-®-Xmbn {]Jym-]\w 

sNø-s∏-´p. HtŒm-_¿ 5 ˛\p ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n 




108 

IqSn. Unkw-_¿ 28 -˛\p Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ hnfn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn\pw sa{Xm≥ 

ÿm\m¿∞n-Isf sXc-s-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw \n›-bn-®p. Atkm-kn-tbj≥ 

IqSn ^m. F≥. F. tbml-∂m≥ aev]m≥, ^m. sI. ]oen-t∏m-kv, 

^m. -Sn. t]mƒ hdp-Ko-kv, ^m. Fw. hn. tPm¿÷v, kn.- ‰n. tXmakv dºm≥ 

F∂n-hsc sFI-I-WvtTy\ sXc-s-Sp-Øp. sshZn-I {S-Ãn -ÿm\w 

cmPn- h® aW-en¬ bmt°m_v IØ-\m¿°p ]Icw Sn. Fkv. G{_lmw 

tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏m sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p. 

]gb skan-\m-cn-bpsS 150 h¿jw XnI-bp-∂Xv kw_-‘n® Pq_nen 

Unkw-_¿ Ah-km\w sIm≠m-Sn. {]mcw-` -k-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ap≥ {]n≥kn- 

∏¬Iq-Sn-bmb ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm A≤y-£-X- h-ln-°p-Ibpw tIcf 

Kh¿Æ¿ G. ]n. Pbn≥ ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNøp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. 

XpS¿∂mWv FtXym-]y≥ kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ ]s-Sp-°m≥ ImtXm-en- 

°m-_mhm t]mb-Xv. 

t\mºm-N-c-W-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw H´pw Ipd-bv°msX emLhw hcp- 

Øn-b-XmWv HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS ImesØ Hcp {][m-\-s∏´ ]cnjvImcw. 

At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ t\mºv ]-cn-jvIcWtØmSv 

FXn¿∏v {]I-Sn-∏n® ImtXm-en-°m -]£w k`m- k-am-[m-\sØ XpS¿ 

∂p≈ A¥-co-£-Øn-emWv t\mºv ]-cn-jvIm-c-Øn\v AwKo-Imcw \evInb-Xv. 

aq∂p -t\m-ºpw, IjvSm\p`-h -B-gvN-bpw, hen-b- t\m-ºnse _p[- 

\m-gvN, sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-k-ßfpw Hgn-®m¬ ]mepw £otcm-ev]-∂-ßfpw 

a’yhpw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. Znh-k-ß-fpsS kwJy-bn¬ am‰-an-√. CXmWp 

t\mºp- kw-_-‘n® emL-h-Øns‚ Npcp-°w. 

am¿ Gen-bm- Nm-∏-¬ taen¬ ImtXm-en-°m- _m-hm-bpsS IØo-{U¬ 

Bbn-cn-°p-sa∂v 1966 am¿®v HSp-hn¬ ].- _mhm {]Jym-]\w sNbvXp. 

ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n sk{I-´-dn-bmbn am¿®v 24˛mw 

XobXn ]n. kn. G{_lmw ]Sn-m-td-°c sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-´p. AXphsc 

C. sP. tPmk^v Bbn-cp∂p Cu al-\o-b-ÿm\w {]i-kvX-am-b- 

\n-e-bn¬ hln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 

A©p -t]sc ÿm\m¿∞n-I-fmbn sXc-s-SpØp Fnepw aq∂pt]¿°p 

am{Xta taev]´ ÿm\w sImSp-°p-∂p≈p F∂ Xocp-am\w 

k`-bn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßmfw {]Xn-tj-[ -i_vZw Db¿Øn. kn\-Unse 

Nne AwK-ß-fpsS \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv FXn¿Øp \nev°m≥ am¿ HutK≥ 

_mhm apXn-cm-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cßs\ kw`-hn-®-Xv. sNdm-bn, 

aW¿ImSv ]≈n-I-fnse tI -pIƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ImtXm-en°m- 

_m-hmbv°p km[n-®p. HcmgvN aW¿Im-´p -]-≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p- 


sIm≠mWv tI p-Iƒ cmPn-bm-°n-b-Xv. imco-cnI £oWw- aqew ]pXp- 

∏-≈n-bnepw Ip∂-p-fØpw FØn kam-[m-\ -ZuXyw \nd-th-‰m≥ 

_mhmbv°p Ign-n-√. 

At¥ym-Iym -˛ -a-e--ck-`m -_‘w sa®-s∏-´-Xns\ XpS¿∂v At{]w 

B_q-Zn -d-ºms‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ae--c-bn¬\n∂v Hcp Xo¿∞m-S-IkwLw 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-sbbpw kndn-bm-bnse ]e ]≈n-Ifpw 

hnip≤ \mSp-Ifpw kµ¿in-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1966 HmKÃv 24- ˛mw XobXn 

tIme-t©-cn-bn¬ h®v HutK≥ _m-hm-bm¬ bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dntbm-kpw, 

tXmakv am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kpw, ]oen-t∏mkv am¿ sXtbm- 

^n-temkpw sa{Xm-∑m-cmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p. k`-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øns‚ 

e£Ww F∂mWv Cu sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\m-`n-tj-IsØ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv- 

_mhm A∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. XpS¿∂v bqlm-t\m≥ am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v sIm®n `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw tXmakv am¿ Xotam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°p ae-_m¿ `{Zm-k-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]oent∏mkv 

am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v A-amen `{Zmk\Øns‚bpw 

Npa-Xe am¿ HutK≥ _mhm \evIn. sIm√w CS-h-IbpsS 

am¿ tXthm-tZm-kn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm HmKÃv 6 ˛mw Xob- 

Xnbpw A-amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]≥ Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØm 

\hw-_¿ 6 ˛mw Xob-Xnbpw Imew sNbvXXv am¿ HutK≥ 

_mhmsb ZpxJm¿Ø-\m-°n. F∂m¬ 1967 HSp-hn¬ ]pXp-∏≈n hen-b- 

]-≈n-bn¬ kam-[m\w ]p\x-ÿm-]n-®Xpw sNdn-b-]≈n ]qń tbip-IØ- 

\m¿ Xmt°m¬ ]n.- kn. G{_-lm-ans\ Gev]n-®Xpw _mhmsb hf-scb-[nIw 

kt¥m-jn-∏n-®p. aqtdm≥ Iq-Zmi 1967 Unkw-_¿ 21 -˛mw XobXn 

]g-b- sk-an-\m-cn-bn¬ h®v HutK≥ _mhm \n¿∆-ln-®p. 

imco-cn-I-amb £oWsØ ap≥\n¿Øn 1970 Unkw-_¿ 31 ˛mw XobXn 

tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\m-cn-bn¬ ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ hnfn-®p- 

Iq´p-Ibpw AhnsS XSn-®p-Iq-Sn-bn-cp∂ ae--c-k-`-bnse F√m sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw 

aqhm-bncw ]≈n-{]-Xn-]p-cp-j-∑mcpw GI-I-WvT-ambn 

F√m-hn-[-Ønepw tbmKy-\mb amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns\ 

HutK≥ _m-hm-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-bm-bn -sX-c-s-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ _mhm-bpsS 

Npa-X-em-`mcw Gsd-°p-sd -e-Lq-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 


A∂sØ Atkm-kn-tb-j-\n¬ HutK≥ _mhm sNbvX D]-{I-a- 

{]kw-K-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-p: ""ImtXm-en-°m-bpsS ]n≥Km-an-bpsS 

Imcy-Øn¬ ssZh-\-S-Øn∏v In´m-\mbn sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am¿ ]cp-ae 

]pWy-hm-fs‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ A`bw {]m]n-®p. Hcmƒ HgnsI _m°n-bp- 

≈-h-sc√mw XymK-_p-≤n-tbmSpIqSn- ]n-∑m-dn. At±-lhpw ]n∑m-dn-bn-cp-


110 

s∂-n¬ Imcyw \S-°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. CXv A\p-{K-l-I-chpw kt¥mj-I-c-hp-amb 

Hcp kwK-Xn-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øn-\p -kvXpXn. 

amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n AwK-ß-sfbpw GI-I-WvT-ambn sXc-s-Sp-°p- 

∂-Xn¬ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. k`-tbm-Sp≈ kvt\lhpw hnip-≤-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ 

BZ-chpw F√m-hcpw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xn¬ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. 

\nßƒ k`sb c£n-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS apºmsI amXr-Im-]-cambn 

k∑m¿§-\n-jvT-tbm-Sp-IqSn Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. k`-bpsS Nn´- 

Iƒ A\p-k-cn®v \oß-Ww. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ \nß-fpsS IpSpw-_ßfpw 

cmPy-hpw, k`bpw hnP-bn-°pw. \nßƒ k`-bpsS kwc-£-I-cmWv. 

\nß-fpsS A]-am-\hpw _lp-am-\hpw k`-bpsS A]-am-\hpw _lp-am- 

\-hp-am-Wv. \nßƒ kvt\l-tØmSpw kt¥m-j-tØmSpw {]h¿Øn®v 

k`bv°v alna ssIh-cp-Ø-Ww.'' 

\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ k`m-a-fi-e-Øn¬ A`n-{]m-b-`n-∂-X-Iƒ Nne¿ 

kr„n® Imcy-ßƒ t\csØ {]kvXm-hn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v ChnsS hnhcn-°p-∂n-√. 

Nne-cpsS kzm¿∞- Xm-ev]-cy-ß-fmWv k`sb Ie-°n-b-sX∂v 

HutK≥ _mhm ]e-hpcp ]d-n-´p-≠v. AXoh `‡\pw im¥-\p-am-bncp∂ 

_mhmsb k`-bnse Akz-ÿ-X-Iƒ thZ-\n-∏n-®p. am¿tXm-ΩmbpsS 

]utcm-ln-Xyhpw knwlm-k-\hpw Nne tI{µ-ß-fn¬ hna¿i-\hnt[-b-am-b-t∏mƒ 

HutK≥ _mhm kzoI-cn® Dd® \ne]m-Sp-sIm-≠pam{Xw 

At±lw ae--c-k-`-bnse i‡-\mb Hcp ImtXm-en°m F∂ 

t]cv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-´p-≠v. _mhmsb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv apS- 

°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-s≠∂v Hcn-°¬ kµ¿`-h-im¬ Adn--t∏mƒ 

""At±lw am¿tXmΩm- «o-lm-sb-t∏mepw apS-°p-sa-∂mWp tXm∂p-∂sX∂v'' 

_mhm ]d--tXm¿°p-∂p. k`-bpsS \ne-\n-ev]ns\ tNmZyw 

sNbvX-t∏mƒ k`-bv°p-th≠n Hcp c‡-km-£n-bm-Im≥t]mepw _mhm 

aSn-Im-Wn-®n-s√-∂p-≈-XmWp kXyw. 


12 

]ptcm-K-Xnbpw 

hne-ßp-X-Sn-Ifpw 

HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS `c-W-Im-eØv ae--c- k-`-bn-ep-≠mb kam- 

[m-\-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v k` ]e cwK-ß-fnepw ]ptcm-K-an-®p. tIme-t©cn 

saUn-°¬ an-j≥ Bip-]-{Xn, sshZnI tImf-Pv, ÃpU‚ v sk‚dp-Iƒ, 

]pXnb tImf-Pp-Iƒ, sslkvIqfpIƒ, A\m-Y -a-µn-c-ßƒ 

F∂nhsb√mw k`m- k-am-[m-\-Øns‚ k¥-Xn-I-fm-Wv. 

F∂m¬ A-amen XpS-ßnb Nne `{Zm-k-\-ß-fn¬ Nne ]´-°mcpw 

t\Xr-tam-ln-I-fmb Nne {]am-Wn-Ifpw a\x-]q¿∆w `n∂-X-Iƒ D≠m-°p- 

∂-Xn\pw Bcpw CXp-h-scbpw \n¿∆-Nn-®n-ń-√mØ ""At¥ym-Iym - 

hnizmk''Øns‚ t]cn¬ km[m-c-W-°m-cmb k`mw-K-ß-fpsS hnIm-cßsf 

NqjWw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \o°-ßƒ Bcw-`n-®p- I-gn-n-cp-∂p. 

sX‰mb {]Nm-c-W-ßƒ hgn sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂- 

Xn\pw A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bpsS Im¿ IØn- 

°p-∂-Xn\pw Ch¿ Xøm-dm-bn. Ass{IkvX-h¿ t]mepw sNøm≥ Adbv°p∂ 

Imcy-ß-fmWv Zpc-`n-am-\ -Xn-ancw _m[n® A-am-en-bnse Nne 

{]am-Wn-Iƒ sNbvX-sX∂v Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øpw. 

kzm¿∞-tam-ln-I-fmb Hcp hn`m-K-amWv k`-bpsS kam-[m\w \in- 

∏n-°p-∂-sX∂pw ssZhw Ah-tcmSp £an-°s´ F∂pap≈ Nn¥-bm-bncp∂p 

].- Im-tXm-en-°m- _m-hmsb `cn-®-Xv. k`-bv°p-th≠n I„-\-„ßfpw 

a¿±-\hpw G‰ ].- Hu-tK≥ _m-hmsb ""{Iqin®'' tijw ho≠pw 

hnem-∏p-dØp IpØn-b-h-cmWv A-am-en-bnse Nne {]am-Wn-I-sf∂p 

temI-saßpw a\- n-em-°n. 

`n∂n-®p-\n∂ k`sb H∂n®p `cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhmbv°v 

km[n-®p. apºv `cn-®-h¿s°√mw tami I\m≥tZiw I≠-Xp-t]mse k`bpsS 

sFIyw ImWm≥ Ign--X-√msX HutK≥ _mhm-sb-t∏mse 

Hcp sFIy-k-`sb Xmtem-en-°m≥ km[n-®n-√. tN∏m´v Zoh-∂m-tkymkv 

Xncpta-\n-bp-tSbpw ]pen-t°m-ń¬ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw 

Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Bw•n-°≥ hn`m-Khpw am¿tØm-Ωm-°mcpw ]ncnp 

t]msb-n¬ HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hm-bpsS ImeØv `n∂n-®p-\n∂h¿ 

H∂n-®p-h∂v Ncn{Xw kr„n-®p. Aßs\ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te°v \oßns°m-≠n-cp∂ 

k`m-h-©nsb It√m-e-ß-ƒ Cf-°n-hn´v h©n-®-h-tcmSv 




112 

ssZhw s]mdp-°-pI-bn-s√-∂p≈ A`n-{]m-b-amWv ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hmsb 

`cn-®-Xv. C¥y-bpsS At∏m-kvX-e-\mb am¿tXm-Ωm «olmbv°v ]´w 

Cs√∂pw At±lw Hcp Assh-Zn-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂p-ap≈ ]m{Xn-b¿ 

°okv _m-hm-bpsS Ip{]-kn-≤-amb 1970 -˛se 203- ˛mw \º¿ Iev]\ 

(IØ-√) ]mep sImSp-Øp- h-f¿Ønb Ipn\p hnjw- sIm-SpØ {]Xo- 

Xn-bmWp ae--c-bn¬ kr„n-®-Xv. 

am¿tXm-Ωm-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Cu ssZh-im-kv{X -hn-cp-≤-amb Nn¥m-KXn 

HutK≥ _mhmsb h√msX thZ-\n-∏n-®p. ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -_mhm thZhn-]-co-Xn-bm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn¬ 

At±lw lrZ-bw- s\m¥p kS-s∏-´p. 

am¿tXmΩmsb∏‰n IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw At±-l-sØ-t∏mse 

ASn-bp-d® ssZh-hn-izmkw B¿÷n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

am¿tXm-Ωm- hn-cp≤ \o°w ae--c-bn-ep-≈-hsc t{]cn-∏n-®p. am¿tXm-Ωm- 

«o-lm-bpsS ]sØm≥]Xmw Nc-a -i-Xm_vZn tIm´-b-Øp -h®v AXn- 

Kwò-c-ambn sIm≠m-Sp-∂-Xn\pw km[n-®p. tIm´bw Fw. Un. skan-\mcn-bn¬ 

XSn-®p-Iq-Snb a\p-jy-a-lm-k-ap-{ZsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[-\ -sN-bvXpsIm≠v 

]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhm sNbvX DZvLm-S-\ -{]-kw-K-Øn¬ C{]-Imcw 

]d-p: ""ss{IkvX-h-k` hnZq-c-amb `mc-X-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°p-I -am-{Xa√, 

\ΩpsS I¿Ømhv At∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿°p \evInb A\p-{K-l-I-chpw 

]pWy-I-c-hp-amb ]utcm-lnXyw Xrss°-IƒsIm≠v ae--c-bpsS 

a°ƒ°p \evIn-s°m≠v am¿tXm-Ωm-«olm ae--c- \-{km-Wn-I-fpsS 

ÿm\hpw am\hpw k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Db¿Øp-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ss{IkvXh-a-X-Øns‚ 

tI{µ-ß-fmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ F√m ]m›m-Xy- tZ-i-ß-sf- 

°mfpw Nne ]uckvXy tZi-ß-sf-°mfpw apºmbn kXy-hn-izmk-Øns‚bpw 

t{ijvT -]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw hgn-Ømc sXfn-®p-X∂ Cu 

]pWy- ]n-Xm-hn-s\ kvacn-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS BÀmZw AXn-cp-I-hn-bpw, 

A`n-am\w Db-cpw. \ΩpsS i‡n-bp-sSbpw Bth-i-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm- 

\-amWv am¿tXm-Ωm -«o-lm.'' 

am¿tXm-Ωm -«o-lm-bpsS c‡-km-£n-Xz-Øns‚ 19- ˛mw iXm-_vZnsIm≠m-Snb 

h¿j-amWv 14 sIm√w tbmPn-®p-\n-∂-tijw amt\-PnwKv 

IΩn-‰n-bnse Nne am\y-∑m¿ am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS t]cpw ]dv t\Xr-Xz- 


Øn-\p-th≠n amt\-PnwKv IΩn-‰n -tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂pw AXp hgn ae-c 

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bn¬\n∂pw kzbw Cd-ßn-t∏m-b-Xv. k`-bpsS D∂- 

X-amb `c-W-k-an-Xn-bpsS {]m[m-\ytam B≤ym-fln-I- Po-hn-X-Øns‚ 

k¬t{]-c-W-Itfm Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bm-sX-t]mb Hcp \yq\-]£w 

Ip{]-kn-≤n -t\Sn k`-bn¬ Ielw D≠m-°m≥ sNbvX Hcp ]mgvth-ebm-bn-cp∂p 

Cu thm°u-s´∂v ]n∂oSp \S∂ kw`-h-ßƒ km£n-®p. 

am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ A`n-am-\-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-h-cpsS Cu 

thm°u-ń¬ ImX-emb bmsXmcp {]iv\hpw AS-ßn-bn-ń-s√-∂p≈ 

kXyw Nn¥m-i-‡n-bp-≈-hsc ]dv [cn-∏n-t°≠ Bh-iy-hp-an-√. ae- 

c k`m- `-c-W-L-S\ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p- apºv ]m-{Xn-b¿°o-kv- 

_mhmbv°v ae--c -k-`-bp-sS -ta¬ D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ A[n-Im-c-mh-Im-iß-sf-s®m√n 

X¿°-ßfpw hyh-lm-c-ßfpw \S-∂n-´p-≠v. Ah-sbm∂pw 

am¿tXm-Ωm -«o-lm-bpsS knwlm-k-\sØ Hcn-°epw kv]¿in-®n-cp- 

∂pan√. ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amsc am¿tXm-Ωm-bpsS knwlm-k-\- 

Øn¬ hmW-cp-fp∂ tae-≤y-£-∑m-cmbn kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-´p≈ Iev]- 

\-Iƒ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-am¿ Ab-®n-´p-≈Xv Ncn-{X-tc-J-I-fm-Wv. AXpsIm≠v 

As∂ßpw Bcp-sSbpw a\- n¬ C√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp hnhm-Z-{]iv\w, 

1958 apX¬ Kuc-h-a¿ln-°p∂ bmsXmcp `n∂-Xbpw C√m-Xn-cp∂ k`bn¬ 

D∂-bn®v k`sb \in-∏n-°m≥ {ian-®-h¿ Hcn-°¬ ]›m-Ø-]nt°≠n 

hcp-sa-∂mWv ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS Ncn{Xw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp 

]mTw. 



114 

13 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

⁄m\-Øn\v CXp- aXn 

am¿tXmΩm -«olmbpsS ]´w Xncn-s®-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v 1970 -˛¬ 203-˛mw 

\º¿ Iev]\ Ab® bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ⁄m\- 

Øn-\p-th≠n ].- Hu-tK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm Ab-®p-sIm-SpØ adp-]-Sn-bpsS 

{]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-imkv{X hn⁄m\cln-X-s\∂p 

tXm∂p-amdv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Ab® Iev]\ IqSntN¿°p-I-bmWv. 

ae--c-bn¬ h∂v thZ-hn-]-co-X-ßfpw I≈-ßfpw 

Fgps∂≈n-°p-∂-Xv Hcp `qj-W-ambn Nne¿ Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw Adn-hn-√mØ 

Chn-SpsØ Hcp ]‰w Ipm-Sp-Iƒ AXn\v Hmim-\- ]m-Sp-Ibpw sNøp- 

∂Xv CXm-Zy-a-√. 

(1938 -˛¬ tIm´bw Pn√m-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ \S∂ kap-Zm-b-t°kv hnNmc-W- 

th-f-bn¬ A_vZ¬ a-inlm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ 1905 -˛¬ kp∂-ltZm-kv 

-IqSn apS°n F∂p ]d-bp∂ Iev]\ sXfn-hm-bn -\¬Im≥ 1938- 

˛¬ a-\n-°c Zb-dm-bn¬ h®v am¿ bqen-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

B Iev]\ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv t\cn´p I≠-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv Ahn-SpsØ 

aev]m-\pw temI-{]-ikvX ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\p-am-b dh. -tUm. hn. kn. 

kmap-h¬ ]m{Xnb¿°okv hn`m-K-tØm-Sp -hn-S-hm-ßn-b-sX∂v A®s‚ 

{]i-kvX-amb ""kzm\p`h thZn-bn¬'' F∂ BflIY-bn¬ Bte-J\w 

sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Cßs\ ]´m-∏-I¬ taev]-´-°m¿ I≈w- Im-Wn-°p-∂Xp 

I≠m¬ BcmWv AXn\p Iq´p\n¬°p-I) 

am¿tXm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS ]utcm-ln-XysØ 

kw_-‘n®v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbpsS IØv 

Syrian Patriarcate 

of Antioch and all the East 

Damascus - Syria 

No. 203/70 

(ap{Z) 

_lp-am-\-]q¿Æ-\mb HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbmb 

\ΩpsS ktlm-Z-cs‚ t{ijvT-X-bv°v. 


kmtlm-Zcy Npw_-\-Øn\pw _lp-am-\y-\mb Aß-bpsS t£a-mt\zj-W-Øn\pw 

tijw ]d-bp-∂-sX-s¥-∂m¬. 

Aß-bpsS Fgp-Øn\v hfsc \mfp-Iƒ°p -apºv am¿tØmΩm-bpsS 

knwlm-k\w F∂ Xe-hm-N-I-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈-Xmbn Hcp IØv 

\mw hmbn®v hfsc A¤p-X-s∏-´p. \memw \q‰m-≠n¬ ImtXm-en-°mÿm]\w 

D≠m-bXp apX¬ Cu \maw ImtXm-en-°m-am-cntem a{]n-bm- 

\m-am-cnsem Bcpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń√m F∂-XmWv Imcyw. c≠m-a-Xmbn 

am¿tØm-Ωm- «o-lm-bpsS knwlm-k\w F∂p ]d-b-s∏-S-Ø-°-hn-[- 

Øn¬, am¿tØm-Ωm -«olm GsX-nepw Hcp knwlm-k\w ÿm]n-®nt´-bn-√. 

bqlm-t\ms‚ Gh≥tK-en-tbm-\n¬\n∂pw (20:21- ˛ 24) hy‡-am- 

Ip∂ {]Imcw At±lw Hcp ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-ń-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ]ptcmln-X≥ 

t]mepw BIm-Xn-cns° Fßs\ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-bn. Hcp 

alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ A√m-Xn-cns° Fßs\ knwlm-k\w ÿm]n-®p. 

AXp-sIm≠v ]q¿hnI Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cn-emcpw Xs∂ At±lw Bscbpw 

F∏n-kvtIm∏m Bbn- ]´w sIń-b-Xmtbm ImtXm-en-°m -knw-lm-k\w 

ÿm]n-®-Xmtbm {]kvXm-hn-®n-ń-√. 

...................................................................................................................... 

\ΩpsS ss«lnI Bio¿hm-Z-ßƒ hm’ey sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø- 

∑m¿°pw \ΩpsS a°-fmb sshZn-I¿°pw Ahn-sS-bp≈ P\-Øn\pw 

\¬Ip-I. ]m{Xn-b¿°m Ac-a-\mw-K-ßƒ Aß-bpsS ssI Npw_n-°p- 

Ibpw {]m¿∞-\-Isf Bt«-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ch ChnsS Ahkm-\n-°s´. 

I¿Øm-hns‚ Ir] Aß-tbm-Sp-Iq-sS. 

ZakvtImkv 

27 -˛ 6 -˛ 1970 

(a-e-bmfw hnh¿Ø-\w) 

ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hm-bpsS adp-]Sn 

(ap-{Z) 

No. 155/70 

At¥ym-Iym-bp-sSbpw Ing-s°m-s°-bp-sSbpw `mKy-hm-\mb tamdm≥ 

am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Xncpa-\- 

nse ]cn-ip-≤-X-bv°v. 


Xncp-a-\- nse Ipi-em-t\z-j-W-Øn\pw t£am-iw-kbv°pw tijw 

Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xv:-˛



116 

Ign 27 -˛ 6 -˛ 70 ¬ Ab® Xncp-a-\- nse IØv e`n-®p. AXnse 

Xmev]-cy-{]-Imcw \ΩpsS _. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-scbpw {][m-\-s∏´ 

Nne I»o-i-∑m-scbpw hnh-c-ßƒ Adn-bn-®p. CXn¬ Ah-sc-√m-hcpw 

hfsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw G‰hpw ZpxJn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. am¿tØmΩm- 

«o-lm-bpsS ]utcm-ln-Xyw, knwlm-k-\w, ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ A[n-Imcw 

Chsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ Xncp-a-\- nse IØnse {]kvXm-h\ kXy- 

Øn\pw k`m-hn-izm-k-Øn\pw tbmPn-°m-Ø-Xpw, ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS Ncn- 

{X-Øn\pw Imt\m-\m-Iƒ°pw FXn-cp-am-sW-∂pw, X≥\nanØw Ah Hcn- 

°epw kzoIm-cy-ß-f-s√-∂pw, {]Xn-tj-[m¿l-ß-fm-sW-∂p-amWv ChnsS 

F√m-h-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]mbw. CtX-∏‰n ChnsS IqSnb kn\Uv \n›-bn- 

®-X\p-k-cn®v AXns‚ sk{I-´dn hni-Z-ambn Xncp-a-\- n-te°v ]n∂oSv 

Fgp-Xp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

]. k`sb Ie-°p-∂-Xn\pw \in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw A¥n {InkvXp B{Kln-°p-∂-Xns‚ 

ê-ambn aX-]-c-amb Pohn-Xtam hnizm-ktam C√m-Øhcpw 

k`-bpsS XXz-ßsf kw_-‘n®v ]cn-⁄m-\-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-amb 

Npcp°w Nne hg-°m-fn-Iƒ am{Xw CuZri -kw-K-Xn-I-fn¬ Xev]-c-∑mcmbn 

D≠m-tb-°mw. F∂mepw k`-bnse `qcn-]£w P\-ßƒ°pw CXv 

hfsc k-S-Im-c-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 

\ΩpsS ap≥Kman Imew sNbvX tamdm≥ am¿ _t -en-tbmkv Kohdp-Kokv 

ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m -_m-hm-bpsS ImeØv Cuhn[ kwK-Xn- 

I-sf-°p-dn®v Ahn-Sp∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbpw A∂v kap-Nn-X-amb adp- 

]Sn AXn\p \¬In-b-Xmbpw Adn-bp-∂p. IqSp-X-embn X¬°mew \mw 

H∂pw Fgp-Xp-∂n-√. ]m{Xn-b¿°m knwlm-k-\hpw Im-tXm-en°m knwlmk-\hpw 

XΩn¬ Imt\m-\n-I-ambpw ae--c-k`m `c-W-L-S\ {]Im-chpw 

D≈ sFIy-_‘w G‰-°p-d-®n¬ IqSmsX kwc-£n-°-s∏´p Im◊m≥ 

Rßƒ F√m-hcpw B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ]. am¿tØm-Ωm -«o-lm-bm¬ ÿm]n- 

X-sa∂p Rßƒ A`n-am-\n-°p∂ ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-sb- 

°p-dn-®p≈ Rß-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ Ahn-Sp∂v ]p\xNn¥\w sNøpsa∂v 

Rßƒ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. Aß-bpsS ⁄m\-Øn\v CXp- a-Xn.- 

Rm≥ hm°p-Iƒ Npcp-°p-I-bm-Wv. 

ssZhw Atßbv°v Zo¿Lm-bp pw Bfl-i-coc kuJyhpw Ahn- 

SpsØ A[n-Im-c-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ _. sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m¿°pw Iio- 

»-∑m¿°pw hnizm-k-ap≈ P\-Øn\pw kam-[m-\hpw t£ahpw \evIs´ 

F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Chn-sS-bp≈ _.- sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑mcpw Iio- 

»-∑mcpw hnizm-kn-I-fmb P\-ßfpw Xr°cw apØp-Ibpw Aß-bpsS 

ip{iq-j-I¿°v t£aw t\cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 


Catholicate palace 

Kottayam - 4, 26 - 8 - 1970 

Ipdn∏v: 

Baselius Augen I 

Catholicos of the East 

bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS Sn. 203 -˛mw \º¿ 

Iev]-\-bn¬ hn. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-tijw (20:21 -˛ 24) B[m-c-ambn 

tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. AtXm-Sp-IqSn hn. aØm-bn-bpsS 10:5 ˛ 10 hsc H∂p 

hmbn-°p-I. Cu I¬]\ Fgp-Xnb ]. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Xs∂ 

dºm-\m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Fgp-Xnb k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ tXmΩm-«o-lm-sb- 

∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv Fs¥∂v H∂p t\m°p-I (kp-dn-bm\n k`m-N-cn{Xw, 

t]Pv 149). "F. Un. 28 -˛se hk¥ ImeØv a‰p injy-∑m-tcm-Sp-IqsS 

hn. tXmΩm, «olm ÿm\-tØ°v Db¿Ø-s∏-´p (t]Pv 164). "ae--cbn¬ 

kphn-tij hnØv hnX-®-Xn-\p-tijw Cu _me-k-`sb `cn-∏m≥, 

i-c-]p-cn, ]I-tem-a-‰w, I≈n, Imfn-bm-¬ F∂o {InkvXp-am¿§w kzoIcn® 

\mep {_m“W IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬\n∂v At±lw kv\m\w sImSpØv 

]´-°msc G¿s∏-Sp-Øn.' CXn¬\n∂pw am¿tØmΩm alm]ptcm-ln- 

X≥ Bbn-cp∂p F∂v A∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbpw kΩ-Xn-®n-cp∂p 

F∂v kv]„-at√? alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ As√-n¬ Fßs\ ]´-°msc 

hmgn-°m≥ km[n°pw? ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Fgp-Xnb Ncn-{X-Øn¬ 

Xs∂ am¿tXmΩm alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂p. 

1970 -˛se Iev]-\-bn¬ IØ-\m¿ t]mepw Bbn-cp-∂n√ F∂pw 

]d-bp-∂p. ae--c-k-`-bnse P\-ßƒ CXn¬ GXp hnizkn-°-Ww. 



118 

14 

A\-[n-Ir-X -sa-{Xm-∑m¿°p 

i‡-amb \ntcm-[-\m⁄ 

aec-k-`-bpsS Adnthm AwKo-Im-ctam C√msX cl-ky-ambn 

sa{Xm≥ÿm\w G‰p-h∂ \mep -t]¿°v ].- Hu-tK≥ _mhm 

Ab®psImSpØ \ntcm-[-\m⁄ kw_-‘n® Iev]-\-Ifpw ImtXmen°m 

knwlm-k\ kwc-£Ww kw_-‘n® Iev]-\bpw k`mw-K-ßfpsS 

A\p-kva-c-Wm¿∞w NphsS tN¿°p-∂p. ae-c k` At¥ym- 

Iy≥ k`-bpsS `mKtam imJtbm As√∂p ]fin-tXm-Nn-X-amb 

Xoknkv ka¿∏n® IS-hn¬ ]ueqkv am¿ AØ-m\m-tkym-kmWv ]m{Xnb¿°o-kn¬ 

\n∂p hf am¿§-Øn-eqsS ae--c-bnse taev]-´-°m-c- 

\m-Im≥ B{K-ln-®Xv. s]cp-º≈n Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\mcpw, sNdp-h≈n 

kn.- Fw. tXmakv IØ-\mcpw ta{]m¬ ]qXn-tbm´v ]mbvI-≠-Øn¬ 

tPm¿÷v Ipcy≥ IØ-\mcpw Xßƒ B{K-ln-®-Xp-t]mse Xot_ens‚ 

sa{Xm-∑m-cmbn. Ch-cn¬ aq∂p t]cpw sshImsX cq]X Xncn-°mØ 

AXn-cq]-X-bn-te°p t]mbn-°-gnp. A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn ]´-ta¬°p-∂hsc 

""Nph∂ Ip∏mbw C´- ssa¬Ip-‰n-Iƒ'' F∂v apsºm-cn-°¬ Nnd- 

Ø-em´v kn. hn. tPm¿Pv tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏m hntijn-∏n-®Xv Cu kµ¿`- 

Øn¬ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp∂p. 

kzb-ÿn-X\pw BZy-¥-an-√m-Ø-h\pw kmcmw-i-k-ºq¿Æ\pw 

Bb {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ Xncp-\m-a-Øn¬ (X-\n°p kvXpXn) 

am¿ tXmΩm-«o-lm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn-t∑¬ 

Bcq-V-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ 

s]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbpw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw Bb 

_t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ 

(ap{Z) 

...................................................................................................................... 

{]nb-sc, 

IS-hn¬ t]mƒ dºm≥ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbn¬\n∂p 

taev]´w G‰ hnhcw \nßƒ ]{X-dn-t∏m¿´p-I-fn¬\n∂pw a‰pw 

Adn-n-cn-°p-a-t√m. ae-ck`-bnse Hcp Zb-dmb ]´-°m-c≥ k`-bpsS 

`c-W-L-S-\bpw N´w-sI-´p-Ifpw ewLn®v taev]´w Gev°m≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhmsb kao-]n-°p-Ibpw ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm A{]-Imcw 


taev]´w sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn¬ \ap°v hfsc A[nIw ZpxJ-ap≠v. 

ae-ck`-bn¬ \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ `c-W-L-S\bv°v hncp-≤-ambn ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm t\cn´v taev]-´-°msc hmgn®v ae--c-bn-te°v Abbv°m≥ 

]cn-{i-a-ßƒ \S-°p-∂-Xmbn Adn-bp-I-bm¬ 1973 tabv 25 -˛mw 

XobXn IqSnb ae-c Atkm-tky-j≥ amt\-PnwKv IΩ-n‰n, Aßs\ 

taev]-´-°msc hmgn®v ae-ck`-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w kzta-[bm hnt—-Zn- 

°-cp-sX∂v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-tbmSv At]-£n-®p. k`-bpsS Imt\m- 

\m-Iƒ°pw `c-W-L-S\bv°pw 1958- ˛¬ D≠mb kam-[m\ hyh-ÿbv°pw 

FXn-cmbn taev]-´-°msc hmgn®v ae--c-bn-te°v Ab-bv°-cp-sX∂v 1973 

BKÃv 7 ˛\p ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbv°v \mapw Fgp-Xn. amt\-Pnw-Kv 

IΩn-‰n-bpsS \n›-bhpw \ΩpsS FgpØpw Ah-K-Wn-®mWv ]m{Xnb¿°okv 

_mhm t]mƒ dºm\p taev]´w sImSp-Ø-Xv. \ΩpsS F∏nkvtIm-∏¬ 

kp∂-l-tZmkv Cu amkw 11- ˛\p IqSn-b-t∏mƒ, \nb-a-hn-cp-≤amb 

Cu ]´wsImS Imcy-sØ-∏‰n Btem-Nn-°p-Ibpw Xmsg tN¿Øn- 

´p≈ \n›-b-ßƒ GIm-`n-{]m-b-ambn ]m m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

1) ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS `c-W-L-S-\bv°pw 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okpw ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbpw XΩn¬ 

1958 -˛¬ D≠mb ]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-Øn\pw k`-bpsS N´wsI´p-Iƒ°pw 

\S-]-Sn-Iƒ°pw hncp-≤ambpw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw ae-c Atkm-tky-j≥ 

amt\-PnwKv IΩn‰n-bpsS 25 -˛ 5 -˛ 1973- se 14 -˛¬ iii ˛mw \º¿ Xocp-am- 

\hpw ]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS 1973 BKÃv 7 ˛mw Xob-Xnbnse 

272/73- ˛mw \º¿ Adn-bn∏pw Ah-K-Wn®v ImtXm-en-°m-bp-sSbpw 

ae--c -sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-ko-a-bn¬ `c-W-Im-cy-ßfn¬ 

CS-s]-Sm-\p≈ Dt±-iytØm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Cu k`-bnse Hcp Zb-dmb 

]´-°m-c-\mb IS-hn¬ t]mƒ dºms\ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm Hcp taev]-´-°m-c-\mbn hmgn-®-Xn¬ Cu kp∂-l-tZm-kn-\p≈ 

D¬°-WvTbpw {]Xn-tj-[hpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw A{]-Imcw hmgn-°s∏´ 

IS-hn¬ ]utemkv am¿ AØ-m\m-tkym-kn\v ImtXm-en-°m-bpsSbpw 

ae--c -sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-sSbpw A[nImc-ko-a-bn¬ taev]-´- 

°m-c\v ASpØ bmsXmcp A[n-Im-c-ßtfm Ah-Im-i-ßtfm D≠m-bncn-°p-∂-X-s√∂v 

Cu kp∂-l-tZmkv {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 


2) ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS `c-W-L-S-\bv°pw 

k`m \S-]-Sn-Iƒ°pw N´w-sI-´p-Iƒ°pw hncp-≤-ambpw k`-bpsS tae-[n- 

Im-csØ [n°-cn®pw k`-bn¬ `n∂n∏pw Ie-lhpw D≠m-°p-hm-\p≈ 

Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambpw 

At¥ymIym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bn¬\n∂pw taev]´w kzoI-cn-®n-cn-



120 

°p∂ IS-hn¬ ]ueqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkym-kv, Cu k`-bnse GsX- 

nepw ]≈n-I-fntem ÿm]-\-ß-fntem {]th-in-°p-Itbm taev]-´-°mc-\-SpØ 

GsX-nepw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-Itbm Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿h-ln- 

°p-Itbm sNbvXp-Iq-Sm-ØXpw k`mw-K-ßƒ At±-lsØ AwKo-I-cn- 

°p-Itbm kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp-Iq-Sm-ØXpw BIp-∂p F∂v Cu 

kp∂-l-tZmkv Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂p. 

\nßƒ Ghcpw ]cn. kp∂-l-tZmkv ]m m-°nb ta¬]d \n›b-ßƒ 

A\p-k-cn®v \S-∂p-sIm-t≈-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. 

]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm ]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\-Øn≥ 

Iogn-ep≈ ae--c-bn-te°v Hcp Uen-tK-‰ns\ hmgn®v Ab-®-Xp-aqew 

D≠mb X¿°-ßfpw `n∂-X-Ifpw Uen-tK‰v Xncn-®p-t]m-b-tXm-Sp-IqSn Ahkm-\n-°p-sa∂p 

{]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, ae--c-k-`-bnse Hcp Zbdm ]´- 

°m-cs\ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm taev]-´-°m-c-\mbn hmgn-®Xv 1958 -˛¬ 

\S∂ ]c-kv]c kzoI-c-WsØ XpS¿∂v ssIh∂ kam-[m\w A`wKw 

\ne-\n-∂p- Im-◊m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿s°√mw thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-Wv. B 

]c-kv]c kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb XXzw hnkva-cn-°p-∂Xv \oXn- 

I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. A∂v D≠mb kam-[m\w AtX-]Sn imiz-X-ambn \ne- 

\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v ssZhw Xncp-a-\- m-Im≥ \mw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. \nßfpw 

{]m¿∞n-°-Ww. tijw ]n∂m-se. 

k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]bpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \nßƒ 

F√m-h-tcm-Spw-IqsS kZm h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´. BbXv ssZh-am-Xmhmb 

hnip≤ I\y-I- a-dn-bm-an-s‚bpw C≥Uy-bpsS Imh¬]n-Xm-hmb 

am¿tXmΩm -«o-lm-bp-sS-bpw, tij-ap≈ kIe ip≤n-am-∑m-cp-sSbpw 

ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\-I-fm¬ X-s∂. BΩo≥. 

BIm-i-Øn-ep≈ Rß-fpsS _mhm........CXymZn 

F∂v, 

1973 sk]v‰w-_¿ 15 -˛mw XobXn 

tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂pw. (H∏v) 

\º¿ 80/74 

{]nb-sc, 

\ΩpsS s]cp-ºn≈n sk‚ v tPm¿÷v ]≈n hnImcn Bbn-cp∂ ]n. 

Fw. Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m-cpw, ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kndn-b≥ N¿®v 

saUn-°¬ anj≥ tlmkv]n-‰¬ (tIm-e-t©-cn) Hm¿K-ss\-knwKv sk{I- 


´dn Bbn-cp∂ kn. Fw. tXmakv IØ-\mcpw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okn¬ 

\n∂v sa{Xm≥]´w Gev°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xmbn tIƒ°p-I-bm¬, 

\ΩpsS k`-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ N´w-sI-´p-Ifpw \S∏pw ewLn®v A{]- 

Imcw ]´w Gev°p-∂Xv Ip‰-I-c-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm≠v Aßs\ sNøcp-sX∂pw 

\mw 1974 P\p-hcn 31- ˛mw XobXn ]n. Fw. Koh-dp-Kokv IØ- 

\m¿°v 29/74 -˛mw \º-cmbpw kn. Fw. tXmakv IØ-\m¿°v 30/74- ˛mw 

\º-cmbpw Iev]\ Ab-®p. F∂m¬ Ah¿ \sΩ [n°-cn-°p-I-bpw, 

At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂v sa{Xm≥]´w Gev°m≥ t]mIp- 

∂-Xn\p \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂pw a‰pw hnh-cn®v h°o¬ apJm-¥cw 

\ap°p adp-]Sn Ab-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂v 

sa{Xm≥]´w Gev°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \ΩpsS ae-c F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ 

kp∂-l-tZmkv 1974 am¿®v 4 ˛mw XobXn IqSn Ah-cpsS Cu \S-]-Sn-I-sf- 

∏‰n Btem-Nn-®-Xn¬, Ah¿ ae--c-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ N´w-sI-´p-Ifpw 

\S∏pw ewLn-°p-Ibpw tae-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ B⁄sb [n°-cn- 

°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-I-bm¬, Ah¿ Ccp-∂n-cp∂ 

ÿm\-ß-fn-te°p ho≠pw {]th-in-°p-Itbm \ΩpsS k`-bnse GsX- 

nepw ]≈n-I-fntem ÿm]-\-ß-fntem Ah-bpsS `c-W-Øntem {]thin-°p-Itbm 

I¿Ω-ßƒ \S-Øp-I-tbm, kan-Xn-I-fntem kwL-S-\-I-fntem 

{]ÿm-\-ß-fntem Fs¥-nepw ÿm\-ßtfm Npa-X-e-Itfm hln-°p- 

Itbm sNøp-∂-Xns\ \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. k`mw-K-ßƒ Ahsc kzoIcn-°p-Itbm 

Ah-cp-ambn kl-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp IqSm-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p. 

tijw ]n∂m-se. 

1974 am¿®v 8 ˛mw XobXn 

tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂v. 

\º¿ 271/74 

{]nb-sc, 

\ΩpsS `c-W-Øn¬ Ccn-°p∂ ta{]m¬ sk‚ v tPm¿Pv ]≈n hnImcn 

Bbn-cp∂ ]qXn-tbm´v ]mbvI≠-Øn¬ tPm¿÷v Ipcy≥ IØ-\m¿ \sΩ 

Adn-bn-°p-Itbm \ΩpsS A\p-hmZw hmßn-°p-Itbm sNømsX ÿewhn-Sp-Ibpw 

\ΩpsS k`-bpsS \nb-a-ßfpw \S-]-Sn-Ifpw ewLn®pw \sΩ 


[n°-cn®pw At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn¬ \n∂v taev]´w G‰p Xncn- 

®p-h-cn-Ibpw At±-l-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn D≠mb tIkn¬ At±lw Hcp sa{Xmt∏m-eoØm 

F∂ \ne-bn¬ ae--c-k-`-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°-cp-sX∂v \ntcm- 

[\w D≠m-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. 

At±lw \ΩpsS GsX-nepw ]≈n-I-fn-tem, ÿm]-\-ß-fntem {]th-


122 

in-°p-Itbm I¿Ω-ßƒ \S-Øp-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√m-Ø- 

Xn-\m¬ At±-lsØ \ΩpsS ]≈n-I-fn-tem, ÿm]-\-ß-fntem {]thin-∏n-°p-Itbm 

\ΩpsS k`mw-K-ßƒ At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm 

At±-l-hp-ambn kl-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXp-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p. tijw 

]n∂m-se. 

1973 sk]v‰w-_¿ 13 ˛mw XobXn tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\bn¬ 

\n∂pw. 

ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\sØ kwc-£n-°pI 

{]nb-sc, 

Xn∑-bp-sSbpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw k¿∆ i‡n-I-tfbpw XI¿ØpsIm≠v 

I_-dn¬\n-∂p-bn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-h-\mb \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb 

tbip-an-in-lm-bpsS kam-[m\w \nßfpsS lrZ-b-ßsf B\-µn-∏n-°s´. 

kIe Xn∑-bn¬\n∂pw tcmK-Øn¬\n∂pw im]-Øn¬\n∂pw \ΩpsS 

I¿Øm-hns‚ Pb-ap≈ …o_m \nßsf ImØp c£n-°p-am-dm-I-s´. 

c≠m-bncw h¿j-tØmfw \ΩpsS k`sb ImØp c£n®v kIe 

{]Xn-k-‘-nI-fnepw \ΩpsS klm-bhpw c£-bp-am-bn-cp∂v C∂-tbmfw 

\sΩ \S-Ønb ssZhw-X-ºp-cm≥ \ΩpsS k`sb Xs‚ c≠m-asØ 

Fgp-s∂-≈-Øp-hsc \S-Øn-s°m-≈p-sa∂v \ap°v Dd-∏p-≠v. temIw apgph\pw 

\S-am-Sp∂ A‘-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw Xn∑-bp-tSbpw i‡n-Iƒ \ΩpsS 

k`-bnepw {]th-in®v {]iv\-ßfpw {]bm-k-ßfpw kr„n®p-sIm-≠n-cn- 

°p-I-bm-W-t√m. Cub-h-k-c-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-W-bnepw Ir]bnepw 

B{i-bn-®p-sIm≠v \oXn°pw kXy-Øn\pw tbmPn-®-hn-[-Øn¬ 

\mw {]iv\-ßsf ss[cy-]q¿∆w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-amWv. 

1958- ˛se kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hn[n-tbmsS \ΩpsS hyh-lm-c-ßfpw 

tImSXn- -I-b-‰hpw Ah-km-\n®v kam-[m-\-]-c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pth≠n 

\ΩpsS Ign-hp-Isf \mw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. 

F∂m¬ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw A\ym-bambpw k`-bn¬ Nne¿ sNøp∂ 

{]h¿Ø-\-ßsf th≠pw-hn[w t\cn´v k`-bpsS hnizm-k-tØbpw 

Bflob ip{iq-j-I-tfbpw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ho≠pw \oXn-\ym-bt°m-S-Xn-Isf 

kao-]n-t°≠n hcp-∂-Xn¬ \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw AXy¥w 

tJZ-ap-≠v. 

ImtXmen°m knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-Øn\pw k`m-Xm-ev]cy-ß-fpsS 

]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw th≠n \mw hf-sc-b-[nIw DW¿∂p 

{]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-´m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-th≠n \mw Nne IΩn- 


‰n-Isf \nb-an®v Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂ 

Imcyw \nßƒ°-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xm-W-t√m. CuhI- {]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v hfsc-b-[nIw 

]W-s®-e-hp-≠v. CtXm-SIw henb Hcp XpI sNe-hm-bn-°gnp. 

C\nbpw hºn® Hcp kwJy ]ncn-p-In-ń-sb-n¬ am{Xta Imcyßƒ 

aptºm´p t]mhp-I-bp-≈p. AXn\v \nßƒ DZm-c-_p-≤n-tbm-Spw, XymKio-e-tØmSpw 

IqSn kw`m-h\ sNbvsX-n¬ am{Xta km[n-°q. Hcn-°¬ 

am{X-a-√, ]e {]mh-iyw, \nß-fpsS Iø-b®v k`m-kvt\-lhpw Ign-hpwt]mse 

\nßƒ k`sb klm-bn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. 

"ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\ -kw-c-£-W-\n[n' F∂ t]cn¬ 25 e£w 

cq]-bpsS Hcp ^≠v tiJ-cn-°-W-sa∂ Imcyw Ign ImtXm-en-°m- 

Zn\-Øn¬ {]Jym-]n°-s∏-´-Xm-W-t√m. DSs\ 5 e£w cq]sb-nepw D≠m- 

I-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v B ]≈n-bn¬ \n∂v ....... I. kwc-£W\n[n-bpsS 

{Sj-dm¿ ]n. kn. G{_-lm-ans‚ t]¿°v ImtXm-en-t°‰v B∏o-kv, 

tIm´bw- ˛ 4 F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v \nß-fpsS 

kvt\l-tØmSv \mw Xmev]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂p. 

\nßƒ k`-bv°p-th≠n i‡n-bmbpw apń-∏mbpw {]m¿∞n-°-Ww. 

\mw kacw sNø-p∂Xv PU-c-‡-ß-tfm-S√, A‘-Im-c-Øns‚ ss]im- 

NnI i‡n-I-tfmSpw hmgvN-I-tfm-Sp-am-Wv. hnizm-khpw ssZhm-{i-bhpw 

t\mºpw {]m¿∞-\-bpw-sIm≠p am{Xta Ah-km-\-ambn hnPbw hcn-°phm≥ 

km[n-°p-I-bp≈p. \nß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\ ssZhw tIƒ°-s´. ssZhw 

\nßsf A\p-{K-ln-°s´ tijw ]n∂m-se. 

k¿h-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]bpw A\p-{K-l-ßfpw \nßƒ 

F√m-h-tcm-Spw-IqsS kZm h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-am-dm-I-s´. BbXv ssZh-am-Xmhmb 

hnip≤ I\y-I- a-dn-bm-an-s‚bpw C≥Uy-bpsS Imh¬]n-Xm-hmb 

am¿tXmΩm -«o-lm-bp-sS-bpw, tij-ap≈ kIe ip≤n-am-∑m-cp-sSbpw 

ip≤n-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw {]m¿∞-\-I-fm¬ X-s∂. BΩo≥. 

BIm-i-Øn-ep≈ Rß-fpsS _mhm........ 

1974 sabv 1 -˛mw XobXn 

tIm´bw ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂pw. 

F∂v, (H∏v) 




124 

15 

`mKy-hm-\mbn IS-∂p-t]mbn 

k`m`-c-W-Øn¬ Nne {]iv\-ßƒ, Xs∂ Aev]-sams° Ae-´p-Itbm 

Akz-ÿ-\m-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-s≠-nepw {]im-¥-amb Hcp Pohn-Xkm-bm-”-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv 

HutK≥ ImtXm-en-°m- _mhm IS-∂p-t]m-bXv. 

Hm´w XnI-®v, hnizmkw ImØv \oXn-bpsS IncoSw {]m]n-°m≥ ]d-∂pt]mb 

]pWym-flm-°-fpsS \nc-bn¬ HutK≥ _m-hmbv°pw Hcp ÿm\ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. 

k`-bpsS `c-WsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ]n≥Km-anbpsS 

kpi-‡ -I-c-ßƒ am¿ HutK≥ _mhmsb kwXr-]vX-\m-°n-bncp∂p. 

{]mbm-[nIyw aqe-ap≈ imco-cnI t¢i-ßƒ Hcp hn{i-aPo-hnXw 

sXc-s-Sp-°m≥ At±-lsØ t{]cn-∏n-®p. k`-bpsS Imcy-ßƒ `wKnbmbn 

\S-°-W-sa∂pw k` ]ptcm-K-an-°-W-sa∂pw k`mw-K-ßƒ ssZhm- 

{i-b-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-I-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ Nn¥-bm-bn-cp∂p A¥ywhscbpw 

At±-lsØ `cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. A[n-Im-cm-hIm-i- Nn-¥-I-sfm∂pw 

At±-lsØ H´pw Xs∂ kv]¿in-®n-cp-∂n-√. AtX-k-abw A[n-Im-cßƒ 

hns´m-gnp dn´-b¿ sN-bvXp Pohn-°m≥ At±lw A`n-e-jn-®p. 

F∂m¬ AXn-\p-apºv k`-bv°m-h-iyamb sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-scbpw 

Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-tbbpw hmgn-°-W-sa∂pw am¿ HutK≥ _mhm Btem- 

Nn®v Dd-®n-cp∂p F∂mWv A\-¥-c -kw-`-h-ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. 

1974 HtŒm-_¿ 2 ˛mw XobXn \nc-W-Øp -sh®v ae-c Atkm-kn-tbj≥ 

sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\-tØbv°v sXc-s-SpØ ^m.- Fw. -hn. tPm¿÷v, 

^m.- ‰n. t]mƒ hdp-Ko-kv, ^m. sI. sI. ]p∂q-kv, ^m. -sI. kn. tXma-kv, 

^m. -]n. hn. tPmk^v F∂n-hsc 1975 s^{_p-hcn 16- ˛mw XobXn RmbdmgvN 

\nc-W-Øp-sh®v sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-am-cmbn hmgn-®-XmWv HutK≥ 

_mhm-bpsS Pohn-X-km-bm-”-Ønse G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ kw`-hw. imcocn-I-£oWw 

D≠m-bn-cp∂ am¿ HutK≥ _mhm, sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\m-`n-tj- 

I-Øn\p apºv IS-º-\mSv h\n-Xm- a-µn-c-Øn¬ hn{i-an-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 

sa{Xm-∑msc hmgn-°p-∂-Xv kw-_-‘n-®p≈ _mhm-bpsS Iev]\ hmßp- 

∂-Xn-\mbn ^m. Sn. Pn. kJ-dn-bmbpw Cu Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw IqSn s^{_p- 


hcn 14 -˛mw XobXn ASq-cn¬ FØn. DSp∏n tImS-Xn-bpsS DS-°p-≠m-Ip- 

sa-∂p≈ òXn HutK≥ _mhm-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXpsIm≠v sa{Xm≥ 

ÿm\m-`n-tjIw kw_-‘n® Iev]\ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw ]{X-Øn¬ CS-Wtam 

F∂v _mhm Rß-tfmSp tNmZn-®p. Ipg-∏an-s√∂v Rßƒ Adn-bn-®t∏mƒ 

""kJ-dnbm A®\pw amΩ-®-\pw- IqSn ]d-m¬ Rm≥ H∏n-´p- 

Xcmw'' F∂p ]dv Iev]-\-bpsS \°¬ Hcn-°¬IqSn hmbn®ptI´p. 

AXn¬ _mhm Nne Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Øn. -_m-hm-bpsS _p≤ni‡n°p 

bmsXmcp £oWhpw Xń-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂p≈Xn\v i‡-amb 

sXfn-hm-bn-cp∂p Cu Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ. {]kvXpX Iev]\ NphtS 

tN¿°p∂p:˛ 

""ae-c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv kpdn-bm-\n-k` Hcp \n¿Æm-bI Ime-L-´- 

Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ AXns‚ ssh]p-ey- 

Øn\pw hf¿®bv°pw hnI-k-\-Øn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[-Øn¬ 

A©p- {]-i-kvX-cmb sshZn-I¿°v am¿tXm-Ωm -«o-lm-bm¬ ÿm]n-Xamb 

\ncWw ]≈n-bn¬ h®v C∂v taev]-´kvYm\w \evIp-I-bm-Wv. `c- 

W-L-S-\-sbbpw Imt\m-s\bpw ]mc-º-cy-sØbpw Atß-b‰w am\n-®psIm≠pw 

hyh-ÿm-]nX \S-]-Sn-®-´-ßƒ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠pw sXc-s- 

Sp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Cu A©p sshZn-Icpw k`-bn¬ tim`n-°p-Ibpw 

k`sb tim`n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\v \ap°v kwi-b-an-√. 

tXmΩm am¿ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Znhw-K-X-\m-b-tXm- 

Sp-IqSn \ncWw `{Zm-k-\-Øn\v ssh[hyw kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. _mlytI-cf 

`{Zm-k-\-Øns‚ A[n-]≥ amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv 

sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \ΩpsS ]n≥Km-an-bmbn sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂- 

Xn-\m¬ B `{Zm-k-\-Ønepw Hcp sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-tS- 

≠-Xp-≠v. IqSmsX 88 -˛mw hb- n-te°p IS-∂n-cn-°p∂ tIm´bw CS-h- 

I-bpsS amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbv°v Hcp Akn- 

Ã‚ns\ hmgn-®mt°≠ Imehpw AXn-{I-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\pw ]pdta 

Nne `{Zm-k-\-ßƒ `c-W-ku-I-cysØ ap≥\n¿Øn hn`-Pn-°p∂ Imcyhpw 

]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv k`-bpsS tim`-\-amb 

`mhnsb ap≥\n¿Øn Ct∏mƒ A©p-t]sc taev]-´-ÿm-\-tØ°v 

Db¿Øp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS k`-bnse \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb Nne X¿°-ßƒaqew 

Cu sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\m-`n-tjIw t\csØ \S-Øm≥ km[n-°msX h∂- 

Imcyw ChnsS hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. 

Bdp -am-ksØ Hcp-°-Øn-\p-tijw At\-Im-bncw cq] sNe-hm°n 

\nc-WØp hnfn-®p-Iq-ńb ae-c Atkm-kn-tb-j-\mWv Ct∏mƒ hmgn- 

°-s∏-Sp∂ sshZn-Isc sFI-I-WvtTy\ sXc-s-Sp-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ k`bn¬ 

`n∂n-∏p-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Nne¿ tImS-Xn-Isf kao-]n-°p-Ibpw 

\me-©p- am-k-ßƒ°p-tijw tIc-f-Ønse AXyp-∂X \oXn-\ym-b]oTw 

Ipcp-°p-Iƒ Agn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ssZhw k`sb \bn- 

°p-∂p-sh∂pw ssIhn-Sp-I-bn-s√∂pw Cu kw`-h-ßƒ \sΩ A\p-kvacn-∏n-°p-∂p. 


125 

{InkvXob k`sb t]mjn-∏n®v ta¬`-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn tbip- 

{InkvXp ]{¥≠v {][m\ injy-∑msc sXc-s-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ahsc 

Xs‚ ssIsIm≠v sXm´v A\-p{K-ln®v {][m-\-mNm-cy-Xz-Øns‚ \evhcw 

Ah¿°p {]Zm\w sNøp-Ibpw D≠m-bn. Cßs\ AhnSpsØ, I-c-kv]¿i- 

\-Øm¬ Znhy-i‡n {]m]n-®-hcpw Ah-cpsS ]n≥Km-an-Isf ]c-º-cbm 

ssIh®v ta¬]-´-°m-cmbn A`n-tjIw sNbvXp-h-∂p. C{]-Imcw Ahn- 

—n-”-amb ssIh-bv]p-aqew sa{Xm-∑m¿ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ 

taev]-´-°m¿ {InkvXob k`-bn¬ XpSsc D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. 

Cßs\ taev]-´-°m-cn-eq-sS -am-{X-amWv tbip-{In-kvXp- aqew e`n-®n-´p≈ 

Ir]m-h-c-ßƒ a\p-jy\v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]uc-kvXycpw ]m›m-Xycpw 

Bb `qcn-]£w ss{IkvX-hcpw Cu Imcyw C∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-®ph-cp-∂p. 

k¿t∆m-]cn Hcp alm-]p-tcm-ln-X≥ ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy\pw 

CS-bn¬ a≤y-ÿ-\m-Wv. AXm-bXv ssZh-k-a£w a\p-jy-s‚bpw a\pjy-k-a£w 

ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xn-\n-[n. {InkvXp-hns‚ a\p-jym-h-Xmc 

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS A¥y-L-´-Øn¬, kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-k-a-b-Øv, Fs‚ 

]nXmhv Fs∂ Ab-®-Xp-t]mse Rm≥ \nß-sfbpw Ab-bv°p∂p F∂p 

]dp ssI Db¿Øn A\p-{K-ln-®p-sIm≠v «ol-∑m¿°p \¬Inb 

{][m-\m-Nm-cy-Xz- ]-Z-hn-bp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-Im-in-I-fmbn 

tae-v]-´-°m¿°v tbip-{InkvXp Cu temI Pohn-X-Im-eØv D]-tZ-in®pw 

]Tn-∏n®pw {]h¿Øn® amXr-I-bn¬ hn. «ol-∑m-sc-t∏mse k`mw-K-ßsf 

\bn-°pI F∂ Kuc-hmh-lamb I¿Ø-hy-am-Wp-≈-Xv. 

ae-c k`m-`-c-W-L-S-\bv°v hnt[-b-ambn hmgn-°-s∏-Sp∂ sa{Xm- 

∑m¿°p -am-{Xta ae--c-bn¬ ÿm\-ap≈p. `c-WL-S-\-bn¬ Cßs\ 

]dbp-∂p: ""Hcmƒ°v F∏n-kvtIm∏m Btbm sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Btbm 

]´w sImSp-°-W-sa-n¬ B Bsf B ÿm\-tØ°v aec Atkmkn-tb-j≥ 

sXc-s-Sp-t°-≠Xpw B sXc-s-Sp-∏ns\ F∏n-kvtIm- 

∏¬ kn\Uv AwKo-I-cn-°p∂]£w kn\-Uns‚ kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn 

Imt\m≥ \n_-‘\ A\p-k-cn®v ImtXm-en°m B Bfn\p ]´w sImSpt°-≠Xpw 

BWv. Hcp F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-tbtbm sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-tbtbm 

hmgn-°p-tºmƒ hmgn-°-s∏-Sp∂ taev]-´-°m-c≥ kn\-Uns‚ A≤y-£- 

\mb ImtXm-en-°mbv°v i¬aq-t m (-k-Ω-X-]-{Xw) Fgp-Xn-h-bvt°-≠- 


Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw hmgn-°-s∏-Sp∂ taev]-´-°m-c\p ImtXm-en°m ÿmØn- 

t°m≥ (A-[n-Im-c-]-{Xw) \evIp-∂-Xm-Ip∂p.'' F∏n-kvtIm-∏msb hmgn- 

°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n®p lqZm-b -Im-t\m-\n¬ hni-Z-amb am¿§-\n¿t±-ißfpw 

a‰pw \evIn-bn-´p-≠v. Hcp `mKØv am¿ ¢nΩo-kns‚ H∂mw ]pkvX- 

I-Øn¬\n∂v Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: ""Hsc-∏n-kvtIm∏m hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xp 

P\-ßƒ apgp-h-\pw -IqSn sXc-s-SpØv ]cn-ip-≤m-fl- ln-Xm-\p-k-c-W- 

ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ Imh¬`-S≥ 

126 

am-bn-cn-°-Ww. At±lw Ip‰-an-√m-Ø-h\pw ⁄m\nbpw \n¿Ω-e\pw hn\b-ap-≈-h\pw 

at\m-`m-c-an-√m-Ø-h\pw DW¿∆p-≈-h\pw {Zhym-{K-l-an-√m- 

Ø-h\pw Ie-l-{]n-b-an-√m-Ø-h\pw Zbm-ephpw anX-`m-jn-bmb D]tZ„mhpw 

\∑-Isf C„-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw A≤zm-\-{]n-b-\p-am-bn-cn-°Ww.'' 

""C{X al-Ømb F∏n-kvtIm-∏m -ÿm-\-tØ°p hcp-∂-h-cpsS 

{]h¿Ø-\w-sIm≠p ssZh-Øn\v al-Xzhpw k`bv°p hnP-bhpw D≠m- 

Im≥ CS-bm-Is´ F∂mWp \ΩpsS _e-lo-\-amb {]m¿∞-\.'' 

{]K-¤-cmb Cu A©p sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amsc hmgn-®-tXm-Sp-IqSn 

ssZh-Øn\p al-Xzhpw k`bv°p t\´hpw D≠mbn F∂p _mhm {]kvXmhn-®p. 

sa{Xm≥ ÿm-\m-`n-tj-I -th-f-bn¬ sNdp-∏-°m-cmb sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-am¿ 

t]mepw £oWn-X-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p Fnepw sXmÆq-dn-te°p 

IS∂ HutK≥ _mhm ip{iq-j-I-fpsS A¥yw hscbpw {]k-∂-h-Z-\- 

\mbpw i‡-\mbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. 

GXm\pw amk-ßƒ°p-tijw ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ÿm\hpw 

1975 HtŒm-_¿ HSp-hn¬ ImtXm-en°m _mhm- ÿm-\hpw A\m-tcm-Kywaqew 

HutK≥ _mhm kza-\- m-se, sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-∑m-tcmSpw amt\- 

PnwKv IΩn‰ntbmSpw Btem-Nn-®-tijw Hgn-p. ac-Ww-sIm-≠p -am{Xw 

ÿm\w Hgn-p-t]m-Ip∂ ]mc-ºcyw HutK≥ _mhm ewLn®p al- 

Ømb Hcp amXrI kr„n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. k`m-`-cWw \n¿∆-ln- 

°m≥ {]mbm-[n-Iyw-aqew Ign-bmsX hcp-tºmƒ dn´-b¿ sN-øp∂ k{º- 

Zmbw k`-bn¬ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v HutK≥ _mhm kzPo-hn-XamXr-I-bn-eqsS 

ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Cu amXrI F√m k`mw-K-ß-fpsSbpw 

A`n-\-µ\w B¿÷n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

Cßs\ ae--c -sa-{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm- ÿm-\hpw ImtXm-en-°mÿm\hpw 

Hgn--Xn-\m¬ Xs‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-ńcp∂ 

amXyqkv am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømsb 1975 HtŒm- 

_¿ 27 -˛mw XobXn Xn-fmgvN Ncn-{X-ap-d-ßp∂ ]gb skan-\m-cn-bpsS 

Xncp-ap-‰-Øp-h®v F∏n-kvtIm-∏¬ kp∂-l-tZmkv ae--c-bnse A©masØ 

ImtXm-en-°m-bmbn Ah-tcm-[n-®p. A\m-tcm-Ky-Ømepw {]tXyIw 

£Wn-°m-Xn-\mepw Cu ÿm\m-`n-tj-I-Øn¬ ]s-Sp-°m≥ Ign- 

n-s√-nepw am¿tXmΩm amXyqkv {]Y-a≥ _mhm ImtXm-en-t°-‰v- 

Ac-a-\-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn-s‚-ta¬ ssIh®v HutK≥ _mhm 

A\p-{K-ln® cwKhpw a‰pw k`m-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ F°m-ehpw 

Xnf-ßn-\n-ev°pw. Imdpw tImfpw \nd Pohn-X-km-K-c-Øn-eqsS XIcmsX 

k©-cn® HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS PohnX \uI {]im-¥-kp-µ-c- 




128 

amb IS-en-\-°-sc-bn-te°v AXn-thKw \oßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Imew-sNøp- 

∂-Xn\v GXm\pw BgvN-Iƒ°p apºv ae-ck`bv°v Cu \q‰m-≠n¬ 

e`n® G‰hpw henb kw`m-h-\-bmb ]n. Koh-dp-Ko-kns‚ Ißg Bip- 

]-{Xn-bnse anI® NnIn-’bpw ip{iq-jbpw _mhmbv°v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. 

Pohn-X-Øn¬ tcmKw aqew imco-cn-I-amb thZ-\-Iƒ A[n-I-sam∂pw A\p- 

`-hn-®n-ń-√mØ Hcp taev]-´-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p HutK≥ _mhm. amwkw 

A[n-I-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ _mhm-bpsS ico-c-tØmSv tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ t]mepw 

]S-shń ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn-°mw. ta¬]-´-°m¿°p km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ 

]nSn-s]-Sm-dp-≈ tcmK-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ HutK≥ _mhmsb B{I-an-®n- 

ń-√. sXmÆqdp Ign {hX\njvT-\mb B ap\n-h-cy\p c≠p aq∂p 

Znhkw \o≠p-\n∂ Akp-J-sØ-Xp-S¿∂v G‰hpw sa®-s∏´ NnIn-’bmWv 

e`n-®-Xv. Fnepw I„-∏m-Sp-Iƒ \nd Cu temI-Øn¬ Xncpta\n 

InS∂p I„-s∏-SmsX 1975 Unkw-_¿ Fń\p IS-∂p-t]m-bn. 

AsXmcp `mKy-a-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v ss\tdm-_n-bn¬ ktΩ-fn-®n-cp∂ 

k`-I-fpsS temI-Iu¨kn¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kvac-Wbv°v BZ-cm- 

RvPen A¿∏n-®p. as‰mcp k`m-t\-Xm-hn\pw e`n-°mØ BtKmf A¥ym- 

`n-hmZyw Xs∂. Nca hnh-c-a-dnv ss\tdm-_n-bn¬\n∂v ]oen-t∏mkv 

am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ]d-s∂Øn I_-d-S-°-Øn¬ 

]p-sIm-≠p. 

kl-{k-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ t\m°n-\nevt° sNm∆mgvN sshIn´v 

ùXnI-tZlw Xs‚ ap≥Km-an-bpsS I_-dn-S-Øn\p sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ 

ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a\ Nm∏-en¬ kwkvI-cn-®p. 

k`m-kzm-X{¥yw A\yq-\-ambn ]cn-c-£n-°p-Ibpw, F√m XXz-kw-ln- 

X-I-sfbpw Im‰n¬ ]d-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ At¥ym-Iy≥ IS-∂m-{I-a-W-ßsf 

F∂-t∂-°p-ambn IS-en-\-°sc HXp-°n-\n-dp-Ø-pIbpw k`m-i-co-c-Ønse 

Hcp ap≈p-t]mse amdnb At¥ym-Iy-≥ _‘w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvX ]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhmbv°v e`n® lrZ-b-kv]¿iIamb A¥n-tam- 

]-Nmcw ae--c-k-`-bpsS kwc-£-I\p e`n® A`n-hmZyw Xs∂-bm-sW∂v 

Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. 


16 

sXm´p \n∂-h¿ tI´Xpw 

I≠Xpw 

]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb k¬t{]-c-W- 

I-sf-∏-‰nbpw k∑m-Xr-I-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw ]. _mhm-bpsS injy\pw dn´. 

sslkvIqƒ slUvam-Ãdpw Bb ^m. tPm¿÷v ]´vfm´v Cßs\ Fgp- 

Xp-∂p: 

]cn-ip≤ HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm-bpsS kvt\l hm’-ey-tØmsSm∏w 

injy-Xzhpw e`n-°m≥ km[n-®Xv Rm≥ F∂pw IrX-⁄-X-tbmsS-bmWv 

kvacn-°p-∂Xv. Fs‚ ]nXmhv ]´vfm´v ]utem-kn\p IpSpw-_- 

]-c-amb _‘-Øn\p ]pdta HutK≥ dºm≥ Bbn-cp∂ Imew apXte 

_mhm-bp-ambn ASp-Øn-S-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\pw XZzmcm At±-l-Øns‚ Bcm- 

[-I-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw km[n®p. I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

ÿm\-tØ°p \S-∂- sX-c-s-Sp-∏n¬ hnP-bn® HutK≥ dºms‚ {]Kev- 

`-\mb FXn¿ ÿm\m¿∞nbv°v c≠p -thm´p t\Smt\ Ign-p≈p. 

Rm≥ 1954- ˛¬ tImfPv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Hcp-ßn-b-t∏mƒ, ÿe-ku-Icy-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-bnse sNdnb `£W apdn kv{Io≥h®v 

ad®v F\n°p Xma-kn-°m\pw ]Tn-°m\pw kuIcyw Xcp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv 

F\n°v sshZnI hnZym-`ymkw \¬In A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvX XymK 

_p≤n, Xncnp t\m°p-tºmƒ F{Xtbm hnkvabIcw F∂-√msX 

F¥p -]-d-bm≥! 

]cn-ip-≤ -Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS {]m¿∞-\-bn-ep≈ Nn´bpw GIm-{K-Xbpw 

AXp-ey-am-Wv. bm{X-bn-em-sW-nepw IrXy-k-abØv 

hml-\-Øn-en-cp∂v IqsS-bp≈ siΩm-»-∑mcp-ambn 

{]m¿∞n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hc-h-k-c-Øn¬ 

bm{Xm-th-f-bnse {]m¿∞-\-bv°n-S°v hgn-tbm-cØv 

I≠ Hcp ImgvN-sb-∏‰n Rm≥ {]m¿∞\ Ign-t∏mƒ 

Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv ]d-p. {]m¿∞\ kabØv 

hgn-tbm-cØv {i≤n-®-Xn\v DSs\ iIm-chpw 

Inń. Hcn-°¬ Ac-a-\-bn¬ kqØmdm \a-kvImc 

ka-bØv Rm\pw a‰p c≠p-t]cpw A{i-≤-ambn 

s]cp-am-dn-b-Xn\v hSn-sIm≠v \√ ASnbpw iImchpw 

Inń. cmhnse hnfn®v kam-iz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw 


^m. tPm¿÷v 

]´vfm´v


130 

D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hmb-\-bn-ep≈ GIm-{KX 

A\p-]aw Xs∂. hmbn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ ASp-Øp-h∂v tai-∏p-dØp 

\n∂v Fs¥-nepw FSp-Øm-tem, Hcp kµ¿i-I≥ ASpØph∂mtem 

Adn-bp-Itbm {i≤n-°p-Itbm C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ac-a-\-bn¬ \n∂v 

bm{Xbv°ndßp-tºmgpw bm{X -I-gnv FØp-tºmgpw ]≈n-bn¬ Ibdn 

epØn-\nbm \S-Øpw. Hcp ]≈n kµ¿in°p-tºmgpw kµ¿i\w Ignv 

aS-ßp-tºmgpw aZv_-lm-bn¬ {]th-in®v [q]w- h®v epØn-\nbm \S-ØpI 

Xncp-ta\n Nn´-tbmsS ]men-®n-cp-∂p. ]≈n kµ¿i\w Ignv aS-ßptºmƒ 

I]ym¿°pw a‰p- tPm-en-°m¿°pw Hcp XpI kΩm-\-ambn \¬Ipw. 

kz¥w kmº-ØnI ]cn-an-Xn, B ]gb N´w ]men-°p-∂-Xn\v XS- -am- 

°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. 

shtßm-e-bn¬ imtew kvIqfns‚ ÿm]-\-Øn\v ]´vfm´v aØmbn 

tImsd∏nkvtIm-∏mbv°v t{]c-Wbpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw \evIn-bXv Xncpta-\n-bm-Wv. 

ae-bmfw anUn¬ kvIqfn-\p≈ At]£ Xøm-dm°n At±lw 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ, ""Zo¿LZr„n-tbmsS Nn¥n°q 

A®m. aebmfw kvIqf√, Cw•ojv kvIqfmWv C\n Bcw-`n-t°-≠Xv'' 

F∂v D]-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw, At]£ am‰n Xøm-dm-°n®v Ac-a-\bv°p sXm´- 

Sp-Øp≈ Un. C. H. sb Ac-a-\-bn¬ hcpØn Xncp-ta\n Xs∂ At]£ 

ssIbn¬ sImSp-°p-Ibpw kvIqƒ A\p-h-Zn®v DØ-c-hm-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXp. hnip≤ am¿tXmΩm «olm-bpsS knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ BcqV- 

\m-bn, H∂mb ]cn-ip-≤ -k-`sb Hcp Zim_vZw `cn-®-Xpw, ioa-°m-cpsS 

IpX-{¥-ßƒ ho≠pw k`sb ]nf¿Øn-bXpw hnip≤ tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS 

]´-Xz-sØbpw knwlm-k-\-sØbpw tNmZyw sNbvX Ah-k-c-Øn¬ hn\bm-\zn-X-\mb 

]cn-ip≤ _mhm kS-Ip-Sv K¿÷n-®Xpw kao]-Ime 

kw`-h-ß-fm-W-t√m. 

1958 sk]v‰w-_¿ 12 -˛mw XobXn kp{]ow tImSXn hn[n Adn-t∏mƒ 

Ac-a-\-bnse At¥-hm-kn-Iƒ Aev]w hnP-bm-Àm-Z-Øn\v Hcpßn. 

]cn-ip-≤ -Xn-cp-ta\n AXv I¿i-\-ambn XSp. ]≈n-b-IØp t]mbn 

ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Iev]n-®p. sk]v‰w-_¿ 14 -˛mw XobXn 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-∏-≈n-bn¬ \S-Ønb B h¿jsØ …o_m-Zmk 

kaql-hm¿jnIw Koh-dp-Kokv ZznXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS A≤y-£-X-bn¬ 

Aev]w hn]p-e-ambn \SØn kt¥m-jn-®Xpw Hm¿°p∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS 

k∑m-Xr-I-Ifpw k¬t{]-c-W-Ifpw Pohm-h-km-\w -hsc Fs∂ `cn-°psa∂v 

F\n-°p-d-∏p-≠v. 

HutK≥ _mhm F\n°p sshZnI ]´w X∂v A[nIw sshImsX 

Ißg Fw. Pn. Un. Fw. Bip-]{Xn Nm∏-¬ IqZmi sNøp-Ibpw Fs∂ 


Bip-]{Xn Nmπbn-\mbn \nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""CXv Hcp henb 

ÿm]-\-ambnØocpw. A®≥ ChnsS {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≈q'' F∂pw 

]dp. Bip-]-{Xn-bpsS hf¿®-bn¬ henb Xmev]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n® Xncpta\n 

ÿm]-I-\mb at\m-lc hdp-Ko-knt\mSp≈ aXn∏pw kvt\lhpw 

\nanØw Hcp ap{Z-tam-Xncw \¬In At±-lsØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

k`-bv°p-th≠n Ißg Bip-]{Xn Gs‰-SpØv Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®Xpw 

_mhm-bmWv. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS t{]m’m-l-\hpw A\p-{Klhpw aqe-amWv 

17 h¿jw Iß-g-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°m\pw Hcp CS-th-fbv°p tijw Ign- 

-h¿jw Ahn-SpsØ _t -en-tbmkv kvIqfns‚ Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp- 

°m\pw km[n-®-sX∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. 

Akm-[m-cW hy‡nXzw 

aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn¬ 1953 apX¬ HºXp h¿jw Xma-kn®v HutK≥ 

Xncp-ta-\nsb hf-scbSpØv Adn-n-´p≈ dn´. Fkv. _n. -Sn. Hmô-k¿ 

]n. F. tPm¿Pv (C-e-h-¥m-\Øv, sIm√m-Sv) C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xp-∂p: 

1953 sabv amk-Øn-emWv Rm≥ BZy-ambn aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn¬ 

FØp-∂-Xv. Hcp aWn-am-fnI Bbn-cn°pw Ac-a\ F∂ [mc-W-tbmSp 

IqSn FØnb Rm≥ A¤p-X-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. km£m¬ `mc-Xob Ejnhcys‚ 

]¿Æ-ime Xs∂. aÆn-„n-I-bn¬ sIń-s∏m-°nb Hcp sNdnb 

sIń-Sw. AXns‚ Ing-°p-`m-K-Øp≈ \S-∏-¥-emWv InS-∏p-ap-dn. AXnt\mSv 

tN¿∂v Hcp Nmcp-I-tk-c-bn¬ I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\mb B 

Ejn-h-cy≥ Hcp sh≈-°p-∏m-bhpw Xe-bn¬ ak-v\-]vkmbpw [cn®v Nmcn 

Ccn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ apºn¬ ta\n-bn¬ B°nb Hcp ]eI hs®-gp-Xphm≥ 

h®n-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta\n GtXm ]pkvXIw hmbn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. 

Rm≥ sN∂v ssIap-Øn. Fs‚ bm{X 

Aev]w kzm¿∞-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. 

tIm´bwImc-\mb F\n°v Xe Nmbv°m-s\mcnSw 

thWw. Ft∂m-sSm∏w Fkv. _n. Sn. 

bnse Hcp Poh-\-°m-c\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 

Rm≥ sN∂- Imcyw Xnc-°n. henb kt¥mj-tØmsS 

Ft∂mSv Xncp-ta\n ]d-p. 

""FSm tamt\! \n\°v C„-am-sW-n¬ ChnsS 

Xma-kn°mw. C{X-sbms° kuI-cyap≠v. 

ASpØ BgvN kvIqfpw tImf-Pp-sams° 

Xpd°pw.'' ""tcmKn C—n-®Xpw sshZy≥ Iev]n- 

®Xpw ]m¬.'' Fs‚ B{Klw t]mse Rm≥ 


]n. F. tPm¿Pv 

(C-e-h-¥m-\Øv, sIm√m-Sv)



132 

Ac-a-\-bn¬ Bbn. kvt\l-\n-[n-bmb hey-∏-®\pw sIm®p-a-°fpw IqSn 

Ign-bp∂ Hcp {]Xo-Xn. 

Xncp-ta-\n-tbm-sSm-∏-ap≈ PohnXw Hcp henb A\p-`hw Xs∂ Bbncp-∂p. 

dn´-b¿ sNbvXn´pw Fs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ah Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xn\v 

C∂pw Rm≥ {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ I¿°-i-amb 

Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ, efn-X-kp-µ-c-amb PohnX coXn, sX‰ns\ FXn¿°p-hm- 

\p≈ \n¿`-b-Xzw, XnI `‡n, AN-©-e-amb hnizmkw F∂o khnti-j-X-Iƒ 

Xncp-ta-\nsb Akm-[-mc-W-amb hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bm- 

°n-Øo¿Øp. 

Cw•o-jv, ae-bm-fw, kpdn-bm-\n, kwkvIr-Xw F∂o `mj-I-fn¬ Akmam-\y-amb 

]mfinXyw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ssIb-£-c-am-Is´ 

AXn-a-t\m-l-c-hpw. kpdn-bm\n Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ]cp-¥n≥ Xqh¬ sIm≠mbn-cp-∂p. 

cN-\m-coXn {it≤-b-am-Wv. atXm-]-tZi kXy-ßƒ thZ-sØ-fn-hp-Itfm-Sp-IqSn 

Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ Koh-dp-Kokv kl-Zm-bp-sS-bpw, 

am¿tØmΩm «olm-bp-sSbpw s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-c -Ko-X-ßƒ, 

s]okm \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ aebmf X¿÷-a, C∂v sshZn-I¿ D]-tbm- 

Kn-°p∂ lqtØm-tam-bpsS ae-bmf X¿÷-a, I„m-\p-`h BgvN \akvIm-c-Øns‚ 

X¿÷a XpS-ßnb At±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Iƒ F√mw 

k`bv°p apX¬Iq-´m-Wv. 

Pohn-X-N-cy-Ifpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. k`-bn¬ Ggv bma {]m¿∞-\- 

Iƒ {Iao-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Xncp-ta-\n°v Gg√ ]Xn-∂mev bma-ßƒ D≠m-bncp-∂p. 

A¿≤cm-{Xn-bn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n- 

´p-≠v. `£-W-tØ-°mƒ {][m\w Xncp-ta-\n°v t\mºpw, D]-hm-k-hpw, 

\a-kvIm-chpw Bbn-cp∂p. {]mbm-[nIyw aqew Akp-J-ßƒ D≠m-Iptºmƒ 

t]mepw ]pXnb `£-W-{I-ao-I-c-W-Øn\v At±lw hgn-s∏-ń-cp- 

∂n-√. `£Ww Pohn-°p-∂Xn\p th≠n F∂ XXz-am-Wv B ]nXmhv 

kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 

t\mºp- Im-e-ß-fn¬ km£m¬ `mc-Xob k\ym-kn-am-cpsS PohnX 

coXn-X-s∂. t\mºn¬ aq∂p-aWn Ign-bmsX `£Ww Ign-°p-I-bn-√. 

In-bpw, ]b-dpw, ]∏-Shpw Fs¥-nepw D∏n-en-´Xpw am{Xw aXn. 

hne Ipd hkv{X-ßsf [cn-°p-I-bp≈p. AXpw AXym-h-iy-Øn- 

\p-am-{Xw. Im∏-°q´w ct≠m- aq-t∂m. AXn¬ IqSp-X¬ h∂m¬ AXv 

ae-_m-dnse A®-∑m¿°v sImSp-°pw. D≈-Xn¬ \√ Im∏m -sk‰v FSp- 

°p-tºmƒ sk{I-´dn siΩm-i-t\mSv "Rm≥ s]Æp-sI-´m≥ t]mIp-I- 


bmtWm' F∂v tNmZn°pw. F∂mepw sImSp-°p-∂-Xp- Xs∂ [cn-°pw. 

AXnYn k¬°m-chpw a‰p≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ s]cp-am-‰hpw Btcbpw 

BI¿jn-°-Ø-°-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. F√m aX-Øn¬s]-´-hcpw F√m k`m 

hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-´-hcpw kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn\v hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-tcmSv 

lrZy-ambn kwkm-cn-°pw. kwi-b-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°pw. ASp-°¬h-cp-∂hsc 

Ccp-Øn-b-Xn-\p- ti-jta kwkm-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßp-I-bp-≈p. Imew 

sNbvX ]ueqkv am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n (A∂v t]mƒ h¿Kokv) 

Hcn-°¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWp-hm≥ FØn. Ccn-°m≥ ]d--t∏mƒ 

At±lw aSn-®p. At∏mƒ ]p¬∏m-bn´v AXn¬ CcpØn. A∂v Zo¿Lt\cw 

Ah¿ kwkm-cn-®p. k`-bpw, thZ-]p-kvX-I-hpw, Imt\m-\p-I-fpsams° 

N¿® sNbvXp. aqhm-‰p-]pg kn. Fkv. sF. ]≈n hnImcn dh. 

sI. Fw. tP°-_v, an°-hmdpw hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n°v hfsc _lpam-\y-\mb 

Hcp hy‡n Bbn-cp∂p At±-lw. Hcn-°¬ \n¿Ωem tImf- 

Pnse A[ym-]-I≥ ]fim-e -km¿ Xncp-ta-\nsb ImWm≥ sN∂p. hfsc 

kulr-Z-]-c-ambn kwkm-cn-®p. 

Xs‚ C√m-bva-bn¬ t]mepw AXn-Yn-Isf k¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ 

At±lw ap≥]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. hben-∏-d-ºn¬ am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv 

Xncp-ta\n Hcp Znhkw Hcp aWn-tbmsS Ac-a-\-bn¬ FØn. k`m Imcyßfpw 

a‰pw kwkm-cn-®p. Cu ka-bØv Nmbbpw eLp ISn-Ifpw DuWp 

tai-bn¬ h®p. ]m¬ Hgn-°mØ Nmb Bb-Xn-\m¬ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv 

Xncp-ta\n IpSn-®n-√. Rßƒ°v t\mºv Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]m¬ D]-tbm-Kn- 

°n√ F∂v HutK≥ Xncp-ta\n ]d-p. Hcn-°¬ Iv\m\mb CS-h-IbpsS 

am¿ ¢nao-kv, HutK≥ Xncp-ta-\nsb kµ¿in-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Øn. Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

injy-\mWv ¢naokv Xncp-ta-\n. At±lw kpdn-bm\n ]Tn- 

°m≥ aqhm-‰p-]pg skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ ImesØ t^mt´m 

A∂pw AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-am¿ c≠p-t]cpw k`m-Im-cyßƒ 

N¿® sNbvXp. tbmPn-∏n-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp kw`m-jWw Xs∂ 

\S-Øn. Hcp hyh-ÿbpw D≠m-°n. F∂m¬ AsXm∂pw {]mh¿Øn-Iam-bn-√. 

GsXmcp k`mw-K-Øn\pw hnizm-k-]-c-amb Bfl-hocyw DW¿Ø- 

Ø° hn[-Øn-ep≈ k`m-kvt\lw Bbn-cp∂p HutK≥ Xncp-ta-\n-bptS-Xv. 

am¿tØm-Ωm -«o-lm-bn¬ IqSn-bp≈ C¥y≥ k`-bpsS D¤-hhpw 

]mc-º-cy-hpw, hnizm-k-hpw, Xncp-ta\n cmhpw ]Iepw apdpsI ]nSn-®ncp∂p. 

am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS c‡-km£n Zn\w BN-cn-°p-tºmƒ 

Xncp-ta\n D≤-cn-°p∂ Hcp thZ-`mKw Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂p. hnip≤ ]ueqkv 

sImcn-¥ytcmSp ]d-bp-∂Xv. ""\nßƒ°v {InkvXp-hn¬ ]Xn-\m-bncw Kpcp- 



134 

°-∑m¿ Ds≠-nepw ]nXm-°-∑m¿ Gsd-bn√. \nßsf Bflm-hn¬ P\n- 

∏n-®Xp Rm≥ A√-tbm.'' ChnsS am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS ]nXr-Xzhpw 

A∏-kvtXm-enI ]n¥p-S¿®bpw At±lw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. 

hfsc sshIn-bn´pw am∏p \¬In 

Hcp k`-bpsS ]c-am-≤y-£-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ km[m-cW KXn°v sNøm- 

\m-hmØ ]e Imcy-ßfpw, ImtXm-en°m _mhmbv°p am\p-jnI {]iv\ßsf 

ssZh apºmsI ka¿∏n®v ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-t°-≠n-h-cp∂p. 

\nba Zr„ym km[q-I-cn-°m-\m-hmØ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ apSn-b≥ ]p{Xs\-t∏mse 

A\p-X-]n-°p-∂-h¿°v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw \¬Ip∂ ssZh-Øns‚ 

{]Xn-]pcp-j-∑m¿°v Ah-K-Wn-°m\pw km[y-a-√. AØcw Hcp kwK-XnbmWv 

NphtS tN¿°p-∂-Xv. 

(1975 Unkw-_¿ Fń\p Imew sNbvX ]. -Hu-tK≥ _mhm-bpsS 

Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ A∂p tN¿t°-≠-Xn-s√∂p Xocp-am-\n-®Xpw F∂m¬ 

k`mw-K-ßƒ Adn-n-cn-°-W-sa∂v Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂Xpw 34 

h¿jw apºv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \S-∂Xp-amb kw`-h-amWv NphtS tN¿- 

°p-∂-Xv.) 

""{]nb-s∏´ hey-∏-®-\v, 

Rßƒ \mSp-hn-ń´v Ggp- h¿jw Ign-p. Rß-fpsS aI≥ at\m- 

Pn\v Bdp- h-b pw aIƒ ca-Wn°v \mep -h-b- p-am-bn. hnhmlw \S- 

Øm-sX-bp≈ Rß-fpsS Pohn-X-sØ-∏‰n Rßƒ°p hfsc ZpxJ-ap-≠v. 

H´pw a\- -am-[m-\-an-√. AXp-sIm≠v hey-∏-®≥ F√mw £an®v ].- 

HutK≥ _mhmsb I≠v Rß-fpsS hnhm-lhpw Ipń-I-fpsS amtam-Zokmbpw 

\S-Øn®p XcWw. apSn-b-\mb ]p{X-s\-t∏mse Fs∂ Icp-Xnbm¬ 

aXn. 

kz¥w Ipp-tam≥'' 

h¿j-ß-fmbn kº¿°-an-√msX Ignph∂ Ipp-tams‚ IØv 

hm’-ey-\n-[n-bmb hey-∏-®s\ Htc kabw ZpxJ-Øn-s‚bpw kt¥mj-Øn-s‚bpw 

kmK-c-Øn¬ BgvØn. F¥p sNø-W-sa∂p \n›-b-an- 

√msX At±lw Ipg-ßn. s]s´-∂mWv Hcm-ibw tXm∂n-b-Xv. _mhm-bpambn 

ASpØ kº¿°hpw _mhm-bn¬ kzm[o-\-hp-ap≈ Hcp kplr- 

Ømb sNº-I-t»-cn¬ sIm®p-sIm-®ns‚ Imcyw hey-∏-®≥ Hm¿Øp. 

DS≥ Xs∂ sIm®p-sIm-®ns\ hey-∏-®≥ kao-]n-®p. Imcy-ßƒ 

Fs¥∂p ]d-bm-\m-hmsX Ipp-tams‚ IØv At±lw kplr-Øns\ 


Gev]n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kplrØv sRń-t∏m-bn. Fnepw Ipptam-s\bpw 

hey-∏-s\bpw Cu ]X-\-Øn¬ X≈m-\m-hmsX sIm®p-sIm®v 

ImtXm-en-t°‰v Ac-a-\-bn¬ FØn ]. HutK≥ _mhmsb I≠v Imcyßƒ 

F√mw Xpd∂p ]dp. 

_mhmbpw sRń. Fnepw "Rm≥ k`m-≤y-£-\m-I-bm¬ A\p-X- 

]n®p hcp-∂-h-sc apSn-b-\mb ]p{Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-s\-t∏mse kzoI-cn-°p- 

I-b-√msX X≈m-\m-hn-√t√m' F∂p ]dp {]iv\-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw 

\n¿t±-in-®p. 

_mhmsb ImWm≥ sN∂ B k`m-kvt\-ln-tbmSv _mhm Cßs\ 

]dp: ""ASpØ hymgmgvN cm{Xn F´p-aWn Ign-bp-tºmƒ Xmƒ 

Ipp-tam-s\bpw ho´p-Im-cn-tbbpw a°-sfbpw Fs‚ apdn-bn¬ sIm≠ph-c-Ww. 

At∏m-tg°pw Fs∂ ImWm≥ ChnsS hcp-∂-hcpw a‰pw ÿew 

hnń-cn-°pw. IqSmsX Ah-cpsS ]≈n-bnse A®\pw A∂v Fń\p tijw 

h∂v Fs∂ ImWm≥ ]d-bWw.'' 

\n›nX Znhkw sIm®p-sIm®v Ipp-tam-s\bpw IpSpw-_-tØbpw 

]d--Xp-t]mse _mhm-bpsS apdn-bn-te-°m-\-bn-®p. _mhm-bpsS apJØv 

ss[cy-ambn H∂p t\m°m≥t]mepw Ign-bm-Xn-cp∂ Ipp-tam-t\mSpw 

IpSpw-_-tØmSpw ⁄m\-hr-≤-\mb _mhmbv°v hm’eyhpw AtXkabw 

Aev]w shdp∏pw tXm∂n. Ipń-Isf ]pd-Øm°n IX-I-S-®p. 

"`mcym -`¿Øm-°-∑m¿' _mhm-bpsS apºn¬ ap´p-Ip-Øn. ""ae-th-S\pw 

arK-ßfpw t]mepw sNømØ Imcy-ßfmWv \nßƒ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 

\nßƒ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A\p-X-]n®p h∂-Xn-\m¬ k`m-≤y-£-s\∂ 

\ne-bn¬ Rm≥ \nßƒ°p am∏p- X-cp∂p.'' 

Ipp-tam-s‚bpw "`mcy-'bp-sSbpw IÆp-I-fn¬ \n∂p IÆp-\o¿ [mc- 

[m-c-bmbn Hgp-In. Ah-cpsS hkv{X-ßƒ hnb¿∏p-sIm≠p \\-p. ]ndh- 

Øp-h®v ]≠v Im∏n-hSn sIm≠-Sn-sIm≠t∏mgpw Ic-bm-Xn-cp∂ ]pWy- 


sNº-I-t»-cn¬ 

sIm®p-sIm-®v 

N-cn-X-\mb _mhm-bpsS IÆp-Ifpw Cud-\-Wn- 

p. 

Ac- a-Wn-°q¿ Ignv Ipptam-s\bpw `mcytbbpw 

apdn-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-tØ°p hn´p. DS-s\ - 

Xs∂ ap≥ \n›-b-{]-Imcw ]pdØp \n∂ AhcpsS 

hnImcn A®s\ _mhm AI-tØ°v hnfn- 

®p. ""A®m, Ipp-tams‚ hnhmlw Xs‚ ]≈nbn¬ 

h®v ASpØ Xn-fmgvN cmhnse A©-p 

aWn°p \S-Øn, Ipń-Isf amtam-Zo-kmbpw ap°-



136 

Ww. Iev]\ H∂pw Fgp-Xn-Ø-cp-∂n-√. hm°m-ep≈ Cu Iev]-\- aXn. 

A®≥ 100 cq]bpw I]ym¿°v 50 cq]bpw hmß-Ww. ]≈n-bn¬ 100 cq]m 

ImWn° CSo-°Ww. Hcp sNdnb {]mb›n-Ø-ambn 100 cq] tZh-tem- 

IsØ `fim-c-Ønepw CSm≥ ]d-bWw.'' 

_mhm ]d--Xp-t]mse Xs∂ A®≥ sNbvXp. Ipp-tam\pw `mcyta-gvkn°pw 

Ipń-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS hey-∏-®\pw kz¿§w Inńb A\p-`h-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

CS-\n-e-°m-c\v Hcmfl kwXr-]vXnbpw. DØ-tc-¥y-bnse 

Hcp ]´-W-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ tPmen-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ Ipp-tam≥ 40 h¿jw 

apºv kz¥w amXr ktlm-Zco ]p{Xn-bmb tagvknsb alm-\-Kcw ImWn- 

°m-sa∂p ]dv Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]mbn H∂n®p Xma-kn-®-t∏mƒ P\n® 

at\m-Ppw, ca-Wnbpw C∂v D∂X \ne-bn¬ Ign-bp∂p. Ipp-tam≥ 

CXn-\Iw dn´-b¿ sNbvXp \mń¬ Xncn-s®Øn kIp-Spw_w Xma-kn-°p∂p 

(sIm-®p-sIm®v GXm\pw amk-ßƒ°p apºv \ncym-X-\m-bn). 

]mfin-Xy-Øns‚ ]mc-ay-X-bn¬ 

sI. ]n. tP°-_v, sImSn-bmØv (67) Ingp-ap-dn, Cßs\ Fgp-Xp∂p: 

1956 G{]n¬- ˛ -sabv amk-ß-fn¬ IpSpw_ _‘-ap≈ ]mSØv ]utemkns‚ 

NnIn-’m¿∞w aqhm-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ FØn. aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a\∏d- 

ºn-ep≈ ]Sn-m-sd -sI-ńS-Øn-emWv F\n°v Xma-kn-°m≥ `mKyap≠mbXv. 

HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv Xncp-ta\n Xmsg `mKØv Ct∏mgsØ 

tjm∏nwKv tImwπ-Ivkns‚ hS°p Ing-t°- `m-K-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ 

Hcp apdn-bn-emWp ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-Xv. A©m-dp -t]¿°v \n∂p {]m¿∞n-°m- 

\p≈ kuIcyta B apdn-bn-ep-≈p. A°m-eØv Xncpta-\nsb kµ¿in- 

°m-s\-Øp∂hcn¬ {]ap-J¿ hS-Ic sslkvIqƒ slUvamÃ-dm-bn-cp∂ 

sNΩ-pg kn. Fkv. kvIdnbm IØ-\m¿, Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS injy {]ap- 

J-\mb ap≥ ae-c aev]m≥ tIm\m´v G{_lmw 

IØ-\m¿, ]ndhw Fcp-a-s∏ń tXma-k-®≥, ISa‰w 

]pXp-t»cn sFk°v A®≥, I≠-\mSv a´ptΩ¬ 

A®≥, tIme-t©cn Fw. Nmt°m-∏n-≈, 

I´-bv°¬ tbml-∂m≥ h°o¬, ap≥a-{¥n C. 

]n. ]ueqkv, ]mtd´v am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm, 

sI. Fw. sNdn-bm≥ apX-em-b-h-cmbn-cp-∂p. 


sI. ]n. tP°-_v 

sImSn-bmØv 

{]m¿∞-\bpw ]Tn-∏n-°epw Ign-m¬ Xncpta-\n-bpsS 

apJy-tPmen kpdn-bm-\n-bn-ep≈ Fgp- 

ØmWv ^m. hn. sP. tPmk-^n-\m-bn-cp∂p ]≈n-bpsS Npa-Xe. 

hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ siΩm-i-\mb kn. sI. Ipcy-®≥ (Ingp-ap-dn) Xncp-ta- 

\n-bpsS tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X≥ kn. sI. G{_-lmw, s\Spw-Ipgn 

]utem-kv, tPm¿Pv ]´-vfm´v F∂n-h¿ Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂p. siΩm-i-∑msc 

]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Ah¿°p Ipd®p hn{ia kabw sImSp-Ø-tijw 

Xncp-ta\n F∂pw Ac-a\ tImºu≠v apgp-h≥ \S∂p t\m°p-am-bn-cp- 

∂p. Aßs\ \S-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Znhkw Rm≥ Xma-kn-°p∂ ]Sn-msd 

sIń-S-Øns‚ apºn¬ h∂v Fs∂- hn-fn®p. BZy-am-bn-´mWv. Rm≥ thKw 

Cd-ßn-s®∂p ssIapØn. t]cv tP°_v F∂m-sW∂pw Adnbn®p. `nØn 

am{X-ap≈ Ahn-SpsØ I°qkv \∂m-°n-bXv Bcm-sW∂v Bcm-p. 

Rm\m-sW-∂p -]-d--t∏mƒ Aev]-t\cw au\-ambn \n∂n´v Fs‚ Xebn¬ 

ssIh®v ""ssZhw \ns∂ A\p-{K-ln-°s´'' F∂p-]-dp. B amk- 

Øn¬ Xs∂ F\n°v k¿°m¿ tPmen Inń.- s]≥j≥ ]‰n-bn´v Ct∏mƒ 

9 h¿jw Ign-p. B A\p-{Klw euInI cwKØpw Bflob taJ-ebnepw 

sNdn-b- tXm-Xn¬ tcmKn-bm-sW-nepw Rm≥ C∂pw A\p-`-hn®p 

hcp-∂p. HutK≥ Xncp-ta-\n-sb-t∏mse C{X-am{Xw ]fin-X-\mb as‰mcmƒ 

D≠m-bn-ń-s√-∂mWv Fs‚ DØa hnizmkw. 

H‰ -hm°p sIm≠v Im¬ e£w t\Sn 

]n. -kn. sNdn-bm≥ aSp-°m\n A\p-kva-cn-°p∂p: Rm≥ 1968 -˛¬ tZhtemIw 

hm¿Uv ap\nkn-∏¬ Iu¨kn-e-dmbn sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏´p. ap∏Xp 

h¿jw ]g°w D≠m-bn-cp∂ hm¿Unse {][m\ tdmUmb aSp-°m-\n -˛ - 

tZ-h-temIw tdmUv Sm¿ sNbvXn-ń-√m-bn-cp∂p. FÃn-ta‰v FSp-Ø-t∏mƒ 

50000 cq]m sNehv hcp-sa∂v a\- n-embn. A∂v {]Xn-h¿jw 5000 cq]m 

am{X-amWv Hcp hm¿Un\v e`n-®n-cp-∂Xv. 5 h¿jw sNbvXmepw ]≤Xn 

hgn am{Xta sNøp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp≈p. F∂v Xs∂-bp-a√ thsd 

Hcp tPmenbpw sNøp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw C√. thsd am¿Kw At\z-jn- 

®-t∏mƒ 50 (Pn) F∂ C\-Øn¬ tIcfw H´p°p≈ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Iƒ°v 

Hcp e£w cq]m {Km‚ v Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-bn. 

Cu tdmUns‚ {]m[m\yw FSpØp Imń-s°m≠v Hcp FgpØv a{¥n°v 

Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]. HutK≥ _mhmsb Rm≥ I≠p. IØv 


hmbn®p tI´ _mhm Xncp-ta-\n- I request you to give necessary order 

F∂ `mKw hmbn-®-t∏mƒ ""a{¥n-bt√ to kindly give F∂p am‰w hcp- 

Øp-hm≥ ]dp. A{]-Imcw IØ-b®p. HcmgvN Ignv 25000 cq]m 

{Km‚mbn A\p-h-Zn®v adp-]Sn Inń. _m°n 25000 cq]m ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰nbn¬ 

\n∂v AS-®-t∏mƒ s]mXp-a-cm-aØv hIp∏v tdmUv Sm¿ sNbvXp.


138 

am¿ Genbm IØo{U-ens‚ ap≥`mK-Øp≈ ssaXm\w Icn-¬ 

aXn¬ sIń AS-hm-°p-∂ -]-Wn XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ _t -en-tbmkv tImfPv 

A[n-ImcnIƒ ssaXm-\-Øns‚ sX°p-h-iØp≈ Ipsd ÿew tImf- 

Pns‚ ^pSvt_mƒ ô¬Un\p th≠n hn´p-X-c-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏´p. 

]≈n-°m¿ kΩ-Xn-°m--t∏mƒ tImf-P-[n-Ir-X¿ _mhmsb kao-]n®p. 

Xncp-ta\n, Ccp- Iq-´-scbpw hnfn-∏n-®p. Ccp hn`m-K-°m-cp-sSbpw \nth- 

Z\w tI´ Xncp-ta\n {][m\w ]≈n-bmWv. aXn¬ sIń-t°ms´ F∂p 

Iev]n®p. X∑qew Ct∏mƒ D≈ ssaXm-\-Øns‚ kuIcyw \„-s∏ń√. 

am¿ Genbm IØo{U-en¬ CS-°m-eØv Hcp tIkv D≠mbn. 

s]mXptbmKw {SÃnsb am‰n. _mhm Ccp-Iq-´-scbpw hnfn-∏n®p. {SÃntbmSv 

"tbmPn®p t]mIm-sa-n¬ Aßn-s\ -sN-øpI, As√-n¬ cmPnshbv°pI. 

Rm≥ am‰n-sb∂v th≠. s]mXp-tbm-K -Xo-cp-am\w F\n°v 

Ah-K-Wn-°m\pw ]mSn√' F∂v ]dp. tbmPn®p t]mIm-sa∂p ]d- 

-t∏mƒ U]yqń sk{I-´dn ]n. F≥. ss\\ms\ hnfn®p. ""ss\\m®m, 

{SÃn-bp-tS-Xmbn Hcp FgpØv Xøm-dm°n sIm≠p-h-cnI'' F∂p ]d-p. 

""F\n°v Ipsd amk-ß-fmbn ]≈n-Ifn¬ h∂v {Ia-ambn Imcy-ßƒ 

t\m°m≥ km[n-®n-ń-√. `mhn-bn¬ F√mw icn-bmbn t\m°ns°m≈mw'' 

F∂p≈ IØns‚ \°¬ hmbn®ptI´ _mhm "ss\\m®m BZysØ 

hmN-I-Øn\v tijw ""AXn¬ Rm≥ tJZn-°p∂p'' F∂p IqSn tN¿°phm≥ 

Iev]n®p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS _p≤n A]mcw F∂v tI´p\n∂ {]ikvX- 

\mb ap≥ A≤ym-]-I≥ ]d-p. 


]n. -kn. sNdn-bm≥ 

aSp-°m\n 

17 

F√m-h¿°pw \√ amXrI 

]. _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ _mhm F√m -hn-[-Ønepw F√m-h¿°pw 

amXr-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]. _t -en-tbmkv am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXob≥ 

ImtXm-en°m _mhm 2000 \hw-º¿ 19 -˛\p ]cp-ae ]≈n A-W- 

Øn¬ \S-Ø-s∏´ HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS Nca cPX Pq_nen alm-ktΩf-\-Ønse 

A≤y-£-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ FSpØp ]d-p. Xncp-ta\n Cßs\ 

XpS¿∂p: {]m¿∞\, D]-hm-kw, t\mºm-N-cWw F∂nh apJap{Z-bmbn 

kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ ].- Hu-tK≥ _mhm kabw ssZhw Xcp∂ Xme-¥msW∂p 

IcpXn Hcp \nanjw t]mepw If-bmsX hmb-\-bnepw ]T-\- 

Ønepw Bcm-[-\sb kºp-„am-°m-\p≈ ]pkvXI cN-\-bnepw X¿÷a-bnepw 

sNe-h-gn®p. D∂-X-amb Imcy-ßƒ km[n-°-W-sa-n¬ F√mhcpw 

Cu KpW-ß-ƒ kzmb-Ø-am°n {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. 

{]bm-k-ßfpw {]Xn-_-‘-ßfpw AXn-Po-hn®v ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhmbp-ambn 

tbmPn®v k`-bn¬ kam-[m\w ssIh-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw km[n®p. 

A¥-co£w C∂v `n∂-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ {]bm-k-ap-≠v. ]gb 

tbmPn∏v Xncn-®p-h-cm≥ F√m-hcpw {]m¿∞n-°Ww. {]m¿∞-\- sIm≠v 

km[n-°m-\m-hmØ H∂p-an√. `mc-X-Øns‚ k`-bmb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv 

k`-bn¬ Hcp \√ \msf D≠m-Ip-sa∂ {]Xo-£bpw ImtXm-en-°m- _mhm 

{]I-Sn-∏n-®p. 

ktΩ-f\w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fnse FIyp-sa- 

\n-°¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmb _¿Ø-tem-antbm H∂m-a≥ sNbvX {]kw- 

K-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\p th≠n kzbw ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw hnizm-k-Øn\pw 

k`bv°pw th≠n H´-[nIw I„-∏m-Sp-Iƒ kln-°p-Ibpw k`sb ssZhm- 

{i-b-tØmsS \bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp ]pWy-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp∂p HutK≥ 

_mhm F∂p Nq≠n-°mń. k`-Iƒ XΩnep≈ sFIyw C∂v A\nhmcyamsW∂pw 

]c-kv]cw t]mcp- \-S-ØmsX kvt\l-tØmsS Hcp- 


an®v \n∂v ss{IkvXh ZuXyw \nd-th-‰-W-sa∂pw At±lw ]d-p. 

Hcp tImSn cq]m-bpsS _t -en-tbmkv HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ Nmcn-‰-_nƒ 

F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v ^≠n-te°v FIypsa-\n-°¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm 

1000 tUmf¿ (46000 cq]) kw`m-h\ sNbvXp. ae-c k`-bpsS ]c-tam- 

∂X _lp-a-Xn-bmb ""Hm¿U¿ Hm^v sk‚ v tXmakv'' ]. ImtXm-en°m 

_mhm FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\p \¬In _lp-am-\n-®p.



140 

Nmcn-‰-_nƒ F≥tUmhvsa‚ v ^≠v hnZym-`ymk a{¥n ]n. sP. tPmk- 

^m-Wv DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. apJy{]`m-jWw \S-Ønb tUm. Un. 

_m_p-t]mƒ, HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS ]pWy Pohn-X-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X- 

Iƒ A\p-kva-cn-®p. _u≤nI Xe-Øn¬ DØ-a-t_m-[y-tØmsS adp-I£nbn¬ 

\n∂v ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns\ kl¿jw kzoI-cn® aq∂p {]ikvX 

hy‡n-Iƒ ^m. sI. ]n. ]ueqkv I√-d-bv°¬, dh. tUm. hn. kn. imaph¬, 

HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv (Hu-tK≥ _mh) F∂n-h-cm-sW∂v 

_m_p-t]mƒ FSpØp ]d-p. 

Biwkm {]kwKw sNbvX tUm. Koh-dp-Kokv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv, 

Nmcn-‰-_nƒ ^≠n¬ \n∂p sIńSw ]Wn°v ]Ww sNe-hm-°-cp-sX∂pw 

k` ]Øp-e£w cq]m kw`m-h\ sNø-W-sa∂pw ]d-p. ss{IkvXh 

k`-bn¬ Bcpw Bcp-sSbpw kp∏o-cn-b¿ As√∂pw kvt\l-amWv k¿∆ 

{][m-\-sa∂pw sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Nq≠n-°m-ń. 

s\bvtdm-_n-bn¬ h®v BtKmf ss{IkvXh k`-bpsS kvac-Wm- 

RvPen e`n® HutK≥ _mh-mbpsS ]pWy kvac-W-bpsS apºn¬ ka¿∏n- 

°-s∏-´ as‰m-c-\p-]a ARvP-en-bm-bn-cp∂p ]cpae ktΩ-f-\w. 

\nbp‡ ImtXm-en°m tXmakv am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv kzmK-Xhpw 

k`m sk{I-´dn G. sI. tXmakv IrX-⁄-Xbpw ]d-p. 


2000 \hw-º¿ 19 -˛\p ]cp-ae ]≈n A-W-Øn¬ \S-Ø-s∏´ HutK≥ 

_mhm-bpsS Nca cPX Pq_nen alm-ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ \n∂v 

18 

].-Hu-tK≥ _mhmbpw 

tImS\mSv kotbm≥ 

B{i-ahpw ]≈nbpw 

]. _mhm-bpsS ktlm-Zc ]p{X\pw dn´-bm¿Uv sslkvIqƒ slUvam- 

Ãdpamb ^m. kn. sI. G{_lmw Cßs\ Fgp-Xp-∂p: 

hnip≤ am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS ]mZ-kv]¿i-ta-‰-sX∂p hniz-kn- 

°-s∏-Sp∂ ]pWy`qhn`mK-amb ae-bm-‰q¿ ae-\n-c-I-fpsS aSn-Ø-ń¬ \ne 

sIm≈p∂ tImS-\mSv {Kma-Øns‚ Xne-I-°p-dn-bmbn ]cn-e-kn-°p∂ 

kotbm≥ B{i-ahpw ]≈nbpw am¿ HutK≥ sslkvIqfpw Ah-bpsS 

ÿm]-I-\mb HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS \nXy kvamc-I-ß-fmWv. ae-\n-c-IfpsS 

]\n-\o-cmbn Hgp-Ip∂ s]cn-bm-dn-\m¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn hn`-Pn-°s∏-´-XmWv 

at\m-l-c-amb ae-bm-‰q¿. ae-bm-‰q¿ Ipcn-ip-a-ebpw ae-bm- 

‰q¿ t^mdÃv Hmôkpw t\¿°p-t\¿ ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p. ]≠v Ccp-I-c-Ifnepambn 

InS∂ sIm®n ae-bm-‰qcpw, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ ae-bm-‰qcpw 1949˛se 

Xncp-. ˛ -sIm®n kwtbm-P-\-tØmsS H∂mbn. AXm-bXv Ccp-I-cI-fnepw 

InS∂ ae-bm-‰q¿ `mK-ßƒ Hcp henb {Kma-amb tImS-\m-Smbn {]Jym- 

]n-°-s∏´p. Chn-SpsØ {]kn-≤-amb B\ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µw [mcmfw 

hntZi k©m-cn-I-sfbpw BI¿jn-®p-h-cp-∂p. 

]e- kn-≤n-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Xm]-k-h-cy-\mb Hcp al¿jn ]≠v 

tImS-\mSv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw At±-lsØ sNń-kzm-an-sb∂v Bfp- 

Iƒ hnfn-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Hcp sFXo-ly-ap≠v. B al¿jn Xma-kn-®ncp∂ 

ÿew C∂pw sNń-\-S-sb∂pw B `mK-sØ-]≈n sNń-\-S-∏-≈nsb-∂p-amWv 

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv (kao-]-Øp≈ ae-bm-‰q¿ ae-I-fn¬ hn. 

tXmam-«olm h∂n-cp-∂p-sh-n¬ Cu sNń-kzm-an-sb∂v hnfn-®n-cp∂ 

al¿jn Bcm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v B¿°-dn-bmw). al¿jn Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ 

aqt∂-°¿, h\w-h-Ip∏p Poh-\-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ ]p¬°pgn ]utemkv 

A∂sØ hµy-Xm-]-k-\mb HutK≥ dºm-®\v Zm\w sNbvXp. AhnsS 

kotbm≥ B{i-ahpw hn. -a¬s°-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ]≈nbpw ÿm]n-Xam-bXv 

bmZrOn-I-a-√. 

1922 emWv Hcp sNdnb Nm∏-en\v Bcw`w C´Xv. s^{_p-hcn 2 \v 

am¿ a¬s°-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ae-c aev]m≥ tIm\m´v amØ≥ tImsd- 

∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS kl-I-c-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn …o_m am¿ HkvXm-Øntbmkv 



142 

Nm∏-ens‚ inem-ÿm-]\w \S-Øn. HutK≥ dºm-®s‚ {]Ya Bÿm- 

\-am-bn-cp∂ Cu B{i-a-Øn¬ Xma-kn®v hS-°≥ `{Zm-k-\-ß-fnse 

siΩm-»-∑m¿, dºm-®-s‚bpw ]nXmhv XpcpØn tN´m-Ip-f-Øpw-Ic 

A{_lmw IØ-\m-cp-sSbpw Iogn¬ sshZnI ]cn-io-e\w \S-Øn-t∏m∂p. 

sIm®n CS-h-I-bpsS Imew sNbvX ]utemkv am¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv 

A-amen CS-h-I-bpsS Imew sNbvX am¿ {KntKm-dn-tbmkv F∂n-hcpw 

IWn-bmw-]-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m, BØp-¬ Koh¿Kokv 

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m, ]n. F. ]utemkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m, Abv°-c- 

°pń tamkkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m, ]pXp-t»cn Ck-lm°v IØ-\m¿ 

F∂n-hcpw ChnsS ]Tn-®-h-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 

C°m-eØv dºm-®s‚ hµy-]n-Xmhv A{_lmw IØ-\m¿ Xpcp-Øn- 

∏n-≈n¬ \n∂p tImS\m´v ÿew hmßn IpSpw_ ktaXw AhnsS 

ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am°n. CXv kotbm≥ B{i-a-∏-≈n-bpsS ]Wn°v IqSp-X¬ 

klm-b-I-am-bn. dºm-®≥ kphn-tij {]kw-K-Øn-\mbn k©-cn-®n-cp∂ 

]≈n-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ kw`m-h-\-Ifpw ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS klmb kl- 

I-c-Whpw ]≈n-bpsSbpw B{i-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]Wnsb Xzcn-X-s∏-SpØn 

]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-b-t∏mƒ ÿnc-amb hcp-am\w e`n-°m-\mbn ]≈n-bpsS 

hS°p `mKØv tdmU-cn-In¬ Ipsd- ap-dn-Iƒ ]Wn-I-gn-∏n®v hmS-Ibv°p 

sImSp-Øp. 1927 -˛¬ HutK≥ dºm-®≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Øm-bmbn 

hmgn-°-s∏´v I≠-\mSv `{Zm-k\ `cWw Gs‰-Sp-ØtXm-Sp-IqSn 

At±-l-Øns‚ {i≤ A{i-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw `{Zm-k-\-Øn-te- 

°p- am-dn. A{_lmw IØ-\m¿ B{i-a-Øn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-®p-t]m-∂p. 

1104 Ipw`w 10 -˛mw XobXn A¥-cn® At±-lsØ ]≈n-tbmSp tN¿∂v 

hS-°p-`m-KØv I_-d-S-°n. XpS¿∂v _. sI. hn. Koh-dp-Kokv dºm-®≥ 

(Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-tIm-Sv) B{i-a-Øn¬ Xma-kn®v Ipsd B{i-a-ÿsc ]cn-ioen-∏n-®p. 

BØp-¬ Koh-dp-Kokv IØ-\m¿, s]mbv°m-ń¬ ]utemkv 

IØ-\m¿, ]mØn-°¬ ]utemkv IØ-\m¿, Ip‰n-∏m-e-bv°¬ butk^v 

IØ-\m¿ XpSßn ]ecpw ]≈n-bn¬ I¿Ωm-Zn-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 

ae-c k`-bnse hyh-lm-c-Øns‚ {]lcw Xntam-Øn-tbmkv Xncpta-\n 

hf-sc-b-[nIw A\p-`-hn-t°≠n h∂p. A°m-eØv Xncp-ta\n-bpsS 

{][m\ B{i-b-ÿm\w tImS-\mSv kotbm≥ B{i-aam-bn-cp-∂p. Xm¬°men-I-ambn 

\n¿Ωn® B{i-a-s°-ń-Shpw IS-Ifpw ]≈n- X-s∂bpw At∏mtg°pw 

Po¿Æn®v Ah \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ ÿnXn-bn-em-bn. 

At∏m-gmWv 1958 se k`m kam-[m-\-Øn-\p-tijw `{Zm-k\ `cWw hn´v 

tImS-\m´v hn{ia PohnXw \bn-°m-\mbn B{i-a-sI-ńSw ]pXp-°n-∏-Wnbn-®-Xv. 


1962 sabv amkw 17 ˛mw XobXn A`n-hµy Xncp-ta\n ]uckvXy ImtXmen-°mbpw 

ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-bp-ambn sXc-s-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw 

1964 ¬ knwlm-k-\-ÿ-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°mbmbn 

\nc-W-Øp-h®v sXc-s-SpØ Znh-k-amb 1962 sabv 17 \mWv 

tImS-\mSv am¿ HutK≥ kvIqfn\v A\p-hmZw e`n-®-Xv. 1962 Pq¨ 4 ˛mw 

XobXn Bcw-`n-® -kvIqƒ 1966 PqWn¬ sslkvIq-fmbn. AXns‚ Bcw`w 

apX¬ 30 h¿jw Rm≥ {]Y-am-≤ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. {]i-kvX-amb \nebn¬ 

\S-∂p-h-cp∂ am¿ HutK≥ sslkvIqƒ tImS-\m-´p-Im¿°p e`n-® 

Hcp henb kΩm-\-am-Wv. 

Xs‚ ]nXmhv A¥y-hn-{iaw sIm≈p∂ tImS-\mSv B{i-a-∏≈n ]pXp- 

°n-∏-Wn-tb-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂v Xncp-ta\n \n›-bn-®p. 

hfsc Ipd®p ho´p-Im¿ am{Xap≈ Cu ]≈n ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂-Xn\v 

Xncp-ta-\n- Xs∂ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØv ]≈n ]Wn-bpsS Npa-Xe Xncp-ta-\nbpsS 

ktlm-Zc ]p{X-∑m-cmb Fs∂bpw kn. sI. amXyp-hn-s\bpw 

Gev]n®p. ]≈n-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n\v Bh-iy-amb hcp-am\w e`n-°-Ø°hÆw 

IS-Iƒ tISp-]m-Sp-Iƒ Xo¿Øv hmS-Ibv°v sImSp-°p-Ibpw ]≈n- 

∏p-c-bn-S-Øn¬ d_dpw sXßpw h®p ]nSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

B[p-\nI coXn-bn¬ at\m-l-c-ambn ]Wn Ign-∏n® ]≈n-bpsS IqZmim-I¿Ωw 

1972 s^{_p-hcn 2,3 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ ]. HutK≥ ImtXm-en°m 

_mhm-bpsS {][m\ Im¿Ωn-I-XzØnepw sIm®n CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ tkthdn-tbm-kv, 

A-amen CS-h-I-bpsS am¿ sXtbm-^n-temkv F∂n-h-cpsS 

kl-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw \SØn. ]. am¿ a¬s°, ]. ssZh-am-Xm-hv, ]. 

Koh-dp-Kokv klZm F∂n-h-cpsS \ma-Øn-emWv aq∂p t{XmtWm-kp- 

Ifpw. ]. _mhm-bpsS {]kw-K-Øn¬ ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\-Ønte°v 

Xosd-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xpw Ct∏mƒ Xncp-ta\nbpsS t\cn-´p≈ `c-W- 

Øn¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xp-amb kotbm≥ B{i-a-∏≈n A-amen `{Zm-k-\m-[n- 

]s‚ `c-W-Øn¬ hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn {]kvXm-hn-®p. 

1967 Pqse aq∂n\v F\n°v I»oim ]´w X∂v Cu ]≈n-bnse hnImcn-bmbn 

\nb-an®p. A∂p-ap-X¬ ]≈n-bp-sSbpw kzØp-°-fp-sSbpw 


ta¬t\m´w hln-®p-h-cp-∂p. ]≈n-bpsS DS-a-ÿ-X-bn¬ hn. Koh-dp-Kokv 

kl-Zm, ]. _t -en-tbmkv _mhm, ]. ]cp-a-e -Xn-cp-ta\n F∂n-h-cpsS 

t]cn¬ Ipcn-in≥sXmńIƒ ÿm]n-®n-´p-≠v. 20 apdn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm°n 

hmS-Ibv°v sImSp-Øn´p≠v. Hcp PqWn-b¿ kvIqƒ ]. _mhm-bpsS \ma- 

Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw 1997 \hw-_¿ 27- ˛\v ]. _t -en-tbmkv 

am¿tØmΩm amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en-°m -_mhm DZvLm-S\w sNøp- 

Ibpw sNbvXp. ]≈n-bpsS πm‰n\w Pq_nen satΩm-dn-b¬ lmƒ ]Wn-



144 

I-gn-∏n-°p-Ibpw CS-hI sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm ]utemkv am¿ ]t°m-antbmkv 

AXns‚ DZvLm-S\w 1999 P\p-hcn 21 ˛\p \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXp. 

F√m h¿jhpw Unkw-_¿ F´p Ignp hcp∂ Rmb-dmgvN ChnsS 

]. HutK≥ _mhmbpsS Hm¿Ω-s∏-cp-∂mƒ BtLm-jn-®p -h-cp∂p. _mhmtbmSv 

`‡nbpw _lp-am-\-hp-ap≈ Bfp-Iƒ kl-I-cn®v _mhm-bpsS 

t]cn¬ Hcp Nmcn-‰-_nƒ ^≠v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. s]cp-∂mƒ sNehp 

Ignv In´p∂ ]Ww Cu ^≠n\v apX¬°q-´p-∂p. \n¿≤-\-cmb tcmKn- 

Iƒ°pw A\m-Ym-e-b-ßƒ°pw kmº-ØnI klmbw \¬Ip-hm\pw 

kvIqƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-ßfpw bqWn-t^mapw hmßn-s°m-Sp- 

°p-hm\pw h¿jw-tXmdpw Hcp \√ XpI Cu ^≠n¬ \n∂p hn\n-tbm-Kn- 

®p-h-cp∂p. 

]. _mhm-bpsS Nca cPX Pq_nen kvamc-I-ambn aq∂p \ne-I-fp≈ 

Hcp Ipcn-in≥sXmń hn. am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS \ma-Øn¬ ]WnXv 

Ah-km\ an\p°p ]Wn-Iƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 


]. HutK≥ _mhm-bpsS kvamc-I-ambn ]ndam-SØv ÿm]n-°p∂ {]Xymi 

`hs‚ inem-ÿm-]\w ]. amXyqkv ZznXo-b≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm \n¿∆ln-°p-∂p. 

19 

Fs‚ ÿm\hpw Poh\pw 

t]mbmepw k`-m kzmX{¥yw 

If-p-Ipfn°n√ 

aq∂p- Z-im-_vZ-ßƒ°p apºv ].- Hu-tK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhm sNbvX 

Ncn{X {]kn-≤-amb Hcp {]kvXm-h\ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu Poh 

Ncn{Xw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°-s´. tIm´bw `{Zm-k-\m-[n-]-\m-bn-cp∂ ]mtd´v 

amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbm-kns‚ 75 -˛mw P∑-Zn\w {]am-Wn®v tIm´bw 

am¿ Gen-bm IØo-{U¬ A-WØn¬ tN¿∂ ktΩ-f-\-Øn-emWv k` 

t\cnSp∂ Nne {]iv\-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ B Imh¬ 

`S≥ A¿∞-i-bv°nSbn-√msX C{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn-®Xv. tXmakv am¿ 

Xntam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw A∂sØ Fw. Un. F®v. Fkv. 

sl-Uvam-Ã¿ kn. bp. amXyphpw Rm\pw {]kw-Kn-®-h-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. 

_mhm-bpsS A\-izc hN-\-ßƒ hmbn°p-I. ""Fs‚ amXmhv Fs∂ 

{]k-hn-®Xv ImtXm-en°m knwlm-k-\-sa∂ ]hn-{X]oT-Øn-encp∂v ]mc- 

º-cy-ßfpw {]am-W-ßfpw ewLn-°m-\√. ]. am¿tØmΩm «olm ÿm]n- 

®Xpw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-Iq-eß-fp-sSbpw CS-bnepw ssZhIr]bm¬ 

]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-°-∑m¿ kwc-£n®pw `{Zambn `c-taev]n®-Xp-amb 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS kzX-{¥-amb \ne-\n¬]ns‚ hne-tb-dnb \n[nbpw 

ÿm\hpw IfpIpfn®p IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Rm≥ Hcp-°-a√. Fs‚ 

]Z-hnbpw Poh\pw t]mbmepw am¿tØmΩm «olm-bpsS k`-bpsS 

knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ am‰n\pw aln-abv°pw lm\n- h-cp-Øp∂ H∂n\pw 

Rm≥ Iq´p\n¬°p-I-bn-√.'' 



146 

20 

kwkm-cn-°p∂ Nn{X-ßƒ 

Ncn{X kvacW DW¿Øp∂ Hcp Nn{Xw 

\mev]Xp h¿jw apºv aqhm-‰p-]pg Ac-a-\-bn¬ tN¿∂ Hcp sshZn-I-tbmKw. 

Ccn-°p-∂-h¿: ^m. ]utemkv \mc-I-Øv, ^m. s{]m^-k¿. ‰n. hn. tPm¨, ^m. G{_lmw Hmen-bn¬, 

HutK≥ am¿ Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv, ^m. tPmk^v Ip‰n-∏m-e-bv°¬, ^m. 

eqt°mkv tXm∏n¬, ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv apdn-a-‰-Øn¬. (tijw ASpØ t]Pn¬) 


\nev°p-∂-h¿: ^m. ]t{Xmkv samXm¬, ^m. sI. kn. tXma-kv 

(tXmakv am¿ a°m-dn-tbm-kv), ^m. aØmbn N°m-∏n-≈n¬, ^m. tXmakv 

If-hm¬, ‰n. hn. ^nen-t∏mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m, ^m. Ipcym-t°mkv 

H. sF. kn., ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv ]mtd¬, ^m. tPm¿÷v ta®n--c. c≠mw 

\nc: ^m. s{]m^. -sI. kn. tPmk-^v, ^m. kJ-dnbm Imcp-th-en, ^m. 

sI. ]oen-t∏m-kv (]oen-t∏m-kv am¿ sXtbm-^n-tem-kv), ^m. ]n. hn. 

tPmk^v (tPmk^v am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkv), ^m. Ipcym-t°m-kv Nhcpw 

πm°n¬, ^m. tPmk^v sh≈n-bm-am-cn¬, ^m. kn. sI. G{_lmw 

tN´m-Ip-f-Øn≥Ic, ^m. tPm¿Pv ]´vfm-´v, ^m. sI. sI. amXyqkv 

(amXyqkv am¿ _¿∂_mkv). 

apI-fn-se- \nc: ^m. F≥. sF. ]utem-kv, ^m. kvIdnbm \oem-¬, 

^m. ]utem-kv, ^m. tImc hdp-Ko-kv, ^m. hn. hn. _l-\m≥ (17 t]¿ 

Ct∏mƒ ]tc-X-cm-Wv). 


amXyqkv am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bpsS 75 -˛mw P∑-Zn\- 

Øn¬ sI. hn. amΩ≥ Biwkm {]kwKw sNøp-∂p. tXmakv am¿ Xntam- 

Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm kn. bp amXyp F∂n-h-scbpw ImWmw.



148 

1976 ¬ tIm´-bØp tN¿∂ am¿ HutK≥ kntºm-kn-b-Øn¬ tIm\m´v 

A{_lmw aev]m≥ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂p. ]n∂n¬ F≥. Fw. G{_-lmw, am¿ 

]t°m-an-tbm-kv, ]. amXyqkv {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm. 


\mep Zim_vZw apºv thßq¿ \S-Ø-s∏´ …o_m-Zm-k kaql hm¿jnI 

ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ h®v "]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv' F∂ Poh-N-cn{X 

{KŸw BZy {]Xn {KŸ-I¿Øm-hmb ]n. ]n. h¿°n°p \¬In-s°m≠v 

HutK≥ am¿ Xotam-Øn-tbmkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm {]Im-i\w sNøp∂p. 

a[yØn¬ {]km-[-I-\mb sI. hn. amΩ≥. 

sshZnI skan-\m-cn°p-th≠n A©p e£w cq]m-bpsS F≥tUm-hvsa‚ v 

^≠v tiJ-cn® ]n. sP. tImin, aØmbn amXyqkv F∂n-hsc ]. HutK≥ 

_mhm k`m-`q-j¨ _lp-aXn AWn-bn-°p-∂p. 


aq∂p Zim-_vZ-ßƒ°p apºv ].- Hu-tK≥ _mhm-tbm-sSm∏w. ImtXm-ent°‰v 

Ac-a\ ap≥ amt\-P¿ ^m. ‰n. kn. tP°_v, Ct∏m-gsØ amt\-P¿ 

^m. Sn. Pn. kJ-dn-b, sI. hn. amΩ≥, Ct∏m-gsØ ]gb skan-\mcn amt\- 

P¿ ^m. sI. hn. tPmk-^v.


150 

Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ hnhn[ imJ-I-fn¬s]-´-hcpw 

Xnc-»o-e°v A∏p-dØp IS-∂-h-cp-amb hµy -ssh-Zn-I¿ 


1. Bb-Øp-IpSn ^m. -ss]en ]utemkv.2. Bb-Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ 

^m. -ss]en tXmΩm. 3. Bb-Øp-IpSn Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ ^m. amØp -tXmΩm. 4. 

Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn-bn¬ ^m. -tXmΩm ]utemkv. 5. Xpcp-Øn- tN´m-Ip-f-Øn≥Ic 

^m. -ss]en G{_lmw. 6. XpcpØnbn¬ ^m. Koh-dp-Kokv. 7. XpcpØn 

tN´mIpf-Øn¬Ic ^m. A{_lmw lmt_¬. 

XpcpØn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-Ønse C∂sØ sshZn-I¿ 


1. ^m. kn. sI. G{_lmw XpcpØn tN´mIpf-Øn≥Ic. 2. ^m. sI. 

G{_lmw (B-b-Øp-Ip-Sn) Xpcp-Øn-bn¬. 3. ^m. Gen-bmkv tN´m-Ip-f- 

Øn≥Ic Xpcp-Øn-bn¬. 4. ^m. t]mƒ tXm-akv Bb-Øp-Ip-Sn-bn¬. 5. ^m. 

s{]m^. H. sP. tP°_v HmW-t»cn XpcpØn-bn¬. 6. ^m. Sn. hn. tPmWn 

Xncp-hm-pfw Xpcp-Øn-bn¬. 7. ^m. kJ-dnb hdp-Kokv XpcpØn HmW-t»cn¬, 

Xncp-hm-pfw.



152 

apf-¥p-cpØn I¿tΩ¬ Zbdm Nm∏-en¬ ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kns‚ kwkvImc ip{iq-j. 

Dƒ®n{Xw ]t{Xmkv am¿ HkvXm-Øn-tbm-kv 


tImS-\mSv B{i-a-∏≈n πm‰n\w Pq_nen satΩm-dn-b¬ lmƒ DXvLm-S\w ]utemkv am¿ ]t°m-an-tbmkv 

\n¿∆-ln-°p-∂p.

Biography of Augen Bava - Orthodox TV

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