Lassen van nikkel- en nikkellegeringen - Lasgroep West
Lassen van nikkel- en nikkellegeringen - Lasgroep West
Lassen van nikkel- en nikkellegeringen - Lasgroep West
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JohanCobb<strong>en</strong>IWT<br />
Böhler Thyss<strong>en</strong> Lastechniek BV.<br />
Product Manager<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>- <strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 1
Inleiding<br />
Corrosie schade in NL: 7 – 8 miljard EURO!!<br />
Zoek<strong>en</strong> naar betere material<strong>en</strong><br />
Staal RVS (304L-316L)<br />
Bijzondere RVS kwaliteit<strong>en</strong> (hoog Cr-Mo, ferr/aust superduplex,<br />
13% Cr - Supermart<strong>en</strong>siet)<br />
RVS Nikkellegering<strong>en</strong> (alloy 600, 625)<br />
Nikkel legering<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group
550°C < T < 1200 °C<br />
Oxidatiebest<strong>en</strong>dig<br />
Corrosiebest<strong>en</strong>dig<br />
NIKKEL<br />
legering<strong>en</strong><br />
Kruipbest<strong>en</strong>dig<br />
Hoge sterkte<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 3
K<strong>en</strong>merk<strong>en</strong> Nikkel<br />
Smeltpunt 1453 °C<br />
Dichtheid 8,9 g/cm 3<br />
Inleiding<br />
Curie punt 360 °C (omslagpunt magn. – niet magn.)<br />
Uitzettings coëfficiënt (20-300 °C) 14,5 . 10 -6<br />
(Fe: 12,0 – RVS: 18,5)<br />
Warmtegeleiding (W/mK) 75,0 (alloy 625: 9,8 -Fe:45,0 – RVS: 15,0 –Cu:394,0)<br />
Zilver<strong>en</strong> kleur<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 4
Inleiding<br />
Kost<strong>en</strong>reduktie door lev<strong>en</strong>sduurverl<strong>en</strong>ging<br />
o.a. afhankelijk<br />
<strong>van</strong>dekwaliteit<br />
lasverbinding<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 5
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group<br />
6
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
Wanneer Ni-legering?<br />
Niet g<strong>en</strong>ormaliseerd<br />
Duitsland: Ni-gehalte > 35%<br />
USA: elem<strong>en</strong>t met hoogst %<br />
Verwijzing naar werkstofnummers – AWS – UN<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 7
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
(<strong>en</strong> variant<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Corrosiebest<strong>en</strong>dige alloys<br />
Ni (alloy 200) – NiCu (alloy 400)<br />
NiMo – NiCrMo – NiCrFeMo – superalloys (alloy B.,C.., 59, 625)<br />
NiCrFe – FeNiCrMo – standaard alloys (alloy 600L, 825, 20, 28, 31)<br />
FeNiCr – speciale RVS variant<strong>en</strong> (alloy 33, 926, 254 SMO)<br />
CuNi (Ni gehalte <strong>van</strong> 10 cq. 30%)<br />
Belangrijkste legeringselem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><br />
Chroom – Molybde<strong>en</strong> – Koper – Stikstof<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 8
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
(<strong>en</strong> variant<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Pitting Resistance Equival<strong>en</strong>t<br />
Invloed legeringselem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> op pitting corrosie<br />
%Cr+3,3%Mo<br />
%Cr+3,3%Mo+16%N<br />
%Cr+3,3%Mo+30%N<br />
%Cr+3,3%(Mo+0,5W)+16%N<br />
%Cr+1,5%(Mo+W+Nb)<br />
%Cr-0,8%Cu+1,5%(Mo+W)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 9
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
Algem<strong>en</strong>e corrosie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 10
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
Put corrosie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 11
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
Spleet corrosie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 12
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
Scheurvorm<strong>en</strong>de spannings corrosie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 13
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
Interkristallijne corrosie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 14
Erosieve corrosie<br />
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 15
Cavitatie<br />
Corrosie vorm<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 16
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
(<strong>en</strong> variant<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Hitte (oxidatie) best<strong>en</strong>dige alloys<br />
NiCrFe – FeNiCr (alloy 600. 601, 690, 330)<br />
Belangrijkste legeringslem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><br />
Chroom – Aluminium – Silicium – RE<br />
Vorming (taaie) oxydehuid<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 17
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
(<strong>en</strong> variant<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Hoog temperatuur, hoge sterkte alloys<br />
NiCr – NiCrFe – NiCrMo – NiCrCoMo – superleg. (alloy 80A, 617,<br />
718, X)<br />
NiCrFe – FeNiCr – standaard legering<strong>en</strong> (alloy 600H, 601H, 45TM,<br />
800H(T))<br />
Belangrijkste legeringselem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong><br />
Molybde<strong>en</strong> – Wolfram – Cobalt – Titaan – Niobium – Aluminium<br />
Vorming precipitat<strong>en</strong> / opharding in matrix / kruipbest<strong>en</strong>dig<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 18
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
(<strong>en</strong> variant<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Begrip “Kruip”<br />
Langzaam verl<strong>en</strong>g<strong>en</strong><br />
Onder aanhoud<strong>en</strong>de (trek)belasting<br />
Bij relatieve lage spanning (Rp < 0,2)<br />
Vooral bij hoge temperatuur<br />
Kruipvast/best<strong>en</strong>dig = blokker<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong>:<br />
Glijvlakk<strong>en</strong> (roostervlakk<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Doorschuiv<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> lege roosterplekk<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 19
Hoog temperatuur / hoge sterkte<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 20
1.200<br />
1.000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
Temperatuur °C<br />
600°C<br />
CrMo<br />
staal<br />
X20CrMoV121<br />
X10CrMoVNb91<br />
700°C<br />
RVS<br />
X6CrNi1811<br />
ASTM A240 304H<br />
X6CrNiMo1713<br />
ASTM A240 316H<br />
1050-1100°C<br />
C<strong>en</strong>trifugaal giet<br />
900-1200°C<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 21<br />
CrNi<br />
G-X40CrNiSi2520<br />
ASTM A531 Grade<br />
HK40<br />
G-X40NiCrNb3525<br />
ASTM A297 HP40<br />
NiCr<br />
X10NiCrAlTi3220<br />
NiCr15Fe<br />
NiCr22Mo9Nb<br />
NiCr23Fe<br />
NiCr23Co12Mo<br />
NiCr25FeAlY<br />
X5NiCrCeNb3227
Alloy 825<br />
Alloy 31<br />
Alloy G3<br />
Alloy 45TM<br />
Cronix 80<br />
Cronix 70<br />
+Cu<br />
+Si<br />
+Si<br />
Legerings stamboom<br />
Alloy X<br />
Alloy 333<br />
Alloy C276<br />
Alloy C4<br />
Alloy 75<br />
Alloy 690<br />
Alloy 600<br />
+Fe<br />
NiCr 80 20<br />
NiCr 70 30<br />
+Mo<br />
Alloy 59<br />
Alloy 617<br />
+Co<br />
+W<br />
+Mo<br />
+Co<br />
+Nb<br />
+Cr<br />
Alloy 625 Alloy 602 CA<br />
+Al<br />
Nikkel<br />
Alloy 200<br />
Alloy 201<br />
+Mo<br />
Alloy B2<br />
Alloy B4<br />
Alloy 601<br />
Alloy 80A<br />
Alloy B10<br />
Alloy X750<br />
Alloy 751<br />
Alloy 400 Alloy K500<br />
+Al<br />
Alloy C263<br />
Alloy 718<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 22<br />
+Cu<br />
+Cr<br />
+C<br />
+<br />
Nb/Ti<br />
+Mo<br />
+Co
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 23
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
!"#$%<br />
!"#$%<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 24
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 25
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
Variant <strong>van</strong> alloy 254 SMO<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 26
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 27
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 28
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
overzicht<strong>en</strong><br />
!"#$%<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 29
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Chemie- <strong>en</strong> petrochemie<br />
Corrosie- <strong>en</strong> hoogtemperatuur<br />
Plants voor minerale <strong>en</strong> organische zur<strong>en</strong><br />
Mestindustrie<br />
Papierindustrie<br />
Pharmaceutische industrie<br />
Recycling <strong>van</strong> chemisch afval<br />
Plants voor plastics, synthetische vezels<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 30
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group<br />
31
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Energie-opwekking <strong>en</strong> milieu<br />
Corrosie- <strong>en</strong> hoogtemperatuur<br />
Warmtewisselaars<br />
Gasturbines<br />
Rookgasontzwaveling<br />
Afvalverbranding<br />
Afvalwater behandeling (bv. zeewaterontzilting)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 32
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group<br />
33
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Industrie fornuiz<strong>en</strong>/ov<strong>en</strong>s<br />
Hoogtemperatuur (< 1200°C) + oxydatie (+ evt. halog<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong>)<br />
Gloeiov<strong>en</strong>s<br />
Brandermonstukk<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 34
Belangrijkste Ni-legering<strong>en</strong><br />
toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Transport<br />
Hoofdzakelijk hoogtemperatuur<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 35
LASTECHNIEK<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 36
Lastechniek<br />
Nikkellegering<strong>en</strong> gevoelig voor opharding/deformatie dus:<br />
Material<strong>en</strong> lever<strong>en</strong> in zachtgegloeide toestand<br />
Alloy Werkstof no Oplosgloei<strong>en</strong> Zachtgloei<strong>en</strong> Spanningsvrij gloei<strong>en</strong><br />
°C °C °C<br />
1.4361 1140<br />
904L 1.4539 1120<br />
926 1.4529 1160<br />
31 1.4563 1180<br />
1.4558 960 700<br />
800 1.4876 960<br />
800H 1.4876 1160<br />
825 2.4858 940<br />
59 2.4605 1120<br />
625 2.4856 1140 1000<br />
C-4 2.4610 1070<br />
601 2.4817 960<br />
600 2.4816 1130<br />
200 2.4068 780 600<br />
400 2.4360 800 550<br />
Warmtebehandeling<strong>en</strong> voor het BM<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 37
Lastechniek<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 38
Lastechniek<br />
Nikkellegering<strong>en</strong> gevoelig voor verontreiniging<strong>en</strong><br />
Voorbereiding<strong>en</strong><br />
Maak de lasnaad (in/om) schoon door borstel<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> ontvett<strong>en</strong><br />
Werk met schone kleding <strong>en</strong> handscho<strong>en</strong><strong>en</strong><br />
Gebruik RVS gereedschap/borstels (evt. Ni-bas borstels)<br />
Duidelijke scheiding tuss<strong>en</strong> Ni <strong>en</strong> andere material<strong>en</strong> (besmetting)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 39
Lasnaadvoorbereiding<br />
Lastechniek<br />
Snijd<strong>en</strong><br />
Plasma<br />
Laser (tot 6 mm)<br />
Water<br />
Slijp<strong>en</strong> (pas op voor oververhitting)<br />
Mechanisch<br />
Gebruik scherp gereedschap<br />
S-vrij snij-olie of droog<br />
Materiaal niet oververhitt<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 40
Lasbaarheid<br />
Lastechniek<br />
Minimaal zelfde discipline als bij aust. RVS<br />
Sterke neiging tot “warmscheur<strong>en</strong>”<br />
Korrelgroei (ge<strong>en</strong> fase-transformatie)<br />
Ge<strong>en</strong> verontreiniging<strong>en</strong> acceptabel in HAZ/BM /LTM<br />
Porositeit<br />
Oxyd<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 41
Warmscheur<strong>en</strong><br />
Grootste probleem<br />
Lastechniek<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 42
Warmscheur<strong>en</strong><br />
Lastechniek<br />
Ontstaat gedur<strong>en</strong>de stoltraject (vloeibaar/vast) lasrups (> ca.600°C)<br />
Scheur<strong>en</strong> volg<strong>en</strong> de lasrichting<br />
Scheur<strong>en</strong> zijn e<strong>en</strong> gevolg <strong>van</strong> segregatie “laagsmelt<strong>en</strong>de fas<strong>en</strong>”<br />
Welke elem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong>? P, S, Si,Pb,Zn..<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 43
Warmscheur<strong>en</strong><br />
Lastechniek<br />
Krimprichting lasrups <strong>van</strong> vloeibaar naar vast<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 44
Warmscheur<strong>en</strong><br />
Lastechniek<br />
Zwavel (S) is de grootste “boosdo<strong>en</strong>er”<br />
Slechte oplosbaarheid in Nikkel (< 0,005%)<br />
Vorming Ni3S2 bij 637°C aan korrelgr<strong>en</strong>z<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel<br />
Fosfor (P) geeft zelfde effect.<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 45
Warmscheur<strong>en</strong> voorkom<strong>en</strong><br />
Lastechniek<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> met lage Heat Input<br />
Niet voorwarm<strong>en</strong>, interpass < 150°C<br />
Goed schoonmak<strong>en</strong> <strong>van</strong> de lasnaad (extern)<br />
Let op opm<strong>en</strong>ging bij 1-ste laag (bij cladding toepassing<strong>en</strong>)<br />
Gebruik aangepast LTM<br />
Mo-toevoeging<br />
Mn-toevoeging (korrelverfijn<strong>en</strong>d, Mn-sulfide ca. 1100°C)<br />
Mg-toevoeging (sulfide-vormer)<br />
Snelle afkoeling<br />
Fijnere korrel Minder segregatie<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 46
Andere problem<strong>en</strong>:<br />
Lastechniek<br />
Porositeit (opname O 2 ,H 2 ,N 2 ) ivm dikvloeibaarheid smeltbad<br />
Oxide insluitingsels (hoger smeltpunt) bindingsfout<strong>en</strong><br />
LTM bevat desoxidatie-elem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> zoals Ti, Nb, Al..<br />
Locale corrosie door vorming carbid<strong>en</strong> <strong>en</strong> intermetallische fas<strong>en</strong><br />
Korrelgroei<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 47
Oplossing<strong>en</strong><br />
Lastechniek<br />
Gebruik juiste bescherm- <strong>en</strong> backinggas<br />
Schoonmak<strong>en</strong> bij iedere laag<br />
Interpass < 150°C<br />
Dunne lag<strong>en</strong>, doorlassing moet voldo<strong>en</strong>de dik zijn.<br />
Juiste naadvoorbewerking<br />
Let op Heat Input<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 48
Lasnaadvoorbewerking<br />
Lastechniek<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 49
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Beklede elektrod<strong>en</strong><br />
TIG (+ evt. hot wire)<br />
MIG (massief puls, gevulde<br />
draad)<br />
Onder Poederdek<br />
Draad<br />
Band (cladd<strong>en</strong>,<br />
variant is ES)<br />
(Plasma key-hole met draad)<br />
(LASER)<br />
Lastechniek<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 50
Beklede elektrode (111)<br />
Meest universeel/functioneel<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Basisch karakter (hoge reinheid)<br />
Weinig kans op porositeit<br />
Minder warmscheurgevoelig<br />
Lage H.I.<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> op = (+ pool)<br />
Behalve voor 9% Ni-staal<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 51
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 52
TIG (141)<br />
Hoogste kwaliteit<br />
Doorlassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Gebruik % gelijk aan elektrode<br />
Keuze beschermgass<strong>en</strong> (EN 439)<br />
Ar I1 (universeel)<br />
Ar-H 2 R1 (reducer<strong>en</strong>d <strong>en</strong> hoge snelheid,<br />
porositeit!)<br />
Ar-He I3 (hoge snelhed<strong>en</strong>, gunstigere inbranding)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 53
TIG lass<strong>en</strong><br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Variant: Hot Wire<br />
Voorverwarmde draad (0,8-1,2 mm)<br />
Hoge lassnelhed<strong>en</strong><br />
Lage opm<strong>en</strong>ging<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 54
MIG/MAG (131)<br />
Voorlopig puls-MIG<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
MAG lass<strong>en</strong> ivm ontwikkeling<strong>en</strong> beschermgass<strong>en</strong> (EN 439)<br />
Ar I1<br />
Ar + He (30-50%) Hogere boogtemperatuur<br />
3 compon<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> + 0,05% CO2 (0,5% CO2 )<br />
4 compon<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> + 0,05% CO2 +2%H2 Stabielere boog<br />
Hoge lassnelheid<br />
Blanke las<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 55
MIG/MAG (131)<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 56
Overzicht beschermgass<strong>en</strong><br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Lasproces Beschermgas Backinggas<br />
TIG hand Ar Ar<br />
Ar + 30-40% He Ar + 2% H2<br />
Ar + (2-3%) H2<br />
TIG automatisch Ar Ar<br />
Ar + He Ar + 2% H2<br />
Ar + 2% H2<br />
MIG Ar + He (70/30) Ar<br />
Ar Ar + 2% H2<br />
Ar + 2% H2<br />
MAG 3 <strong>en</strong> 4 compon<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> nieuw Ar<br />
Ar + 50% He + 0,05% CO2 of<br />
Ar+30%He+2%H2 +0,05%CO2<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 57
MAG gevulde draad (135/136)<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Goede aanvloei-eig<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong><br />
Hogere<br />
Stroom<br />
neersmelt<br />
M21 (ENDraadsnelheid 439) beschermgas<br />
190 A<br />
10 m/min.<br />
Ge<strong>en</strong> puls Voortloopsnelheid 40 cm/min<br />
Egale inbranding Beschermgas Ar + 20% CO2 Aantal l/min 18 l/min.<br />
Interpasstemp. 100-150°C<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 58
MAG gevulde draad (135/136)<br />
Voorlopig verkrijgbaar<br />
UTP Type Aanduiding<br />
Werkst.-<br />
Nr<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Nb Fe Co P S Material No. UNS<br />
UTP AF 068HH* AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-3 2.4648 0,03 0,4 3,0 20,0 Rem. 2,4 1,4 0,01 0,01 2.4816 N06600<br />
DIN 1736 T NiCr19Nb 2.4817 N10665<br />
AWS A5.34 E NiCr 3 T0-4 1.4583<br />
EN 14172 E Ni 6082 1.0562 staal<br />
UTP AF 6222 Mo* AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-3 2.4621 0,03 0,4 0,4 21,5 Rem. 9,0 3,5 0,5 0,01 0,01 2.4856 N06625<br />
DIN 1736 NiCr20Mo9Nb 1.4539 N08904<br />
AWS A5.34 E NiCrMo 3 T0-4 1.4583<br />
EN 14172 E Ni 6625 1.0562 staal<br />
*TÜV approval, **TÜV approval applied<br />
Analyse neergesmolt<strong>en</strong> lasmetaal Toepassing<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 59
OP lass<strong>en</strong> (121)<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Wordt steeds meer toegepast dankzij ontwikkeling laspoeders<br />
Goede slaklossing<br />
Boogstabiliteit<br />
scheurvrij<br />
Onbeperkt in wanddikte<br />
Kans op hoge H.I. warmscheur<strong>en</strong>!!<br />
Draaddiameters beperkt 1,6 – 2,0 <strong>en</strong> 2,4 mm<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 60
OP lass<strong>en</strong> (121)<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
Voorbeeld lasparameters vs Heat Input<br />
Wanddikte mm 12 20<br />
Vullag<strong>en</strong> A<br />
V<br />
Naad<br />
Draaddia. mm<br />
Lassnelheid cm/min<br />
Poeder<br />
Heat Input kJ/cm<br />
200-250<br />
26-28<br />
Y 70°<br />
40-55<br />
hoog basisch<br />
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 62
Lasprocess<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 63
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> met “matching” of overgelegeerd LTM<br />
Corrosiebest<strong>en</strong>digheid<br />
Mechanische eig<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong><br />
Oxidatiebest<strong>en</strong>digheid<br />
Kruipsterkte<br />
Goedkeuring<strong>en</strong><br />
Keuzetabell<strong>en</strong><br />
(digitale) lasadviez<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 64
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
DIN-aanduiding UNS nummer Alloy<br />
UTP LTM<br />
Bmbe MIG/TIG<br />
Ni 99,6 - 80 Ni A 80 Ni<br />
LC-Ni 99,6 205 80 Ni A 80 Ni<br />
Ni 99,2 200 80 Ni A 80 Ni<br />
LC-Ni 99,2 201 80 Ni A 80 Ni<br />
NiCu 30 Fe 400 80 M A 80 M<br />
NiCu 30 Al K-500 80 M A 80 M<br />
NiMo 28 N10665 Alloy B-2 703 Kb A 703<br />
NiCr15Fe N06600 600 7015 Mo A 068 HH<br />
NiCr21Mo14W N06022 C-22 722 Kb A 722<br />
NiCr23Mo16Al N06059 59 759 Kb A 759<br />
NiMo16Cr16Ti N06455 C - 4 704 Kb A 704<br />
NiMo16Cr15W N10276 C-276 776 Kb A 776<br />
NiCr21Mo N08825 825 4225 A 4225<br />
NiCr22Mo9Nb N06625 625 6222 Mo A 6222 Mo<br />
NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN 50 Plus 5020 Mo A 5020 Mo<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 65
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
DIN-aanduiding UNS nummer Alloy<br />
UTP LTM<br />
Bmbe MIG/TIG<br />
X 5 NiCrAlTi 31 20 N08810 800HT 2133 Mn A 2133 Mn<br />
X8 NiCrAlTi 32-21 N08811 800HT 2133 Mn A 2133 Mn<br />
X5 NiCrNbCe 32-27 068HH A 068HH<br />
NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb N06625 625 6222 Mo A 6222 Mo<br />
NiCr 23 Co 12 Mo N06617 617 6170 Co A 6170 Co<br />
NiCr 19 NbMo N07718 718 A 5521 Nb<br />
NiCr 20 TiAl N07080 Nimonic 80A 068HH A 068HH<br />
X10 NiCrAlTi 32-20 N08800 800 068HH A 068HH<br />
X8 NiCrSi 38-18 068HH A 068HH<br />
NiCr 15 Fe N06600 600 7015 Mo A 068HH<br />
NiCr 23 Fe N06601 601 6225 Al A 6225 Al<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 66
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Voorbeeld<strong>en</strong> corrosiebest<strong>en</strong>digheid overgelegeerd<br />
Alloy 825 lass<strong>en</strong> met alloy 625<br />
Alloy C4 – C276 – C22 lass<strong>en</strong> met alloy 59<br />
Alloy B2 lass<strong>en</strong> met alloy B4<br />
Alloy20–28lass<strong>en</strong>metalloy625/59<br />
Cunifer 90/10 lass<strong>en</strong> met Cunifer 70/30<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 67
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Kruip/hittebest<strong>en</strong>dig algeme<strong>en</strong> matching<br />
Bv. alloy 800 HT<br />
Klassiek met alloy 600/625/617<br />
Nieuw met matching (2133Mn)<br />
Zelfde kruipwaarde<br />
Zelfde uitzetting<br />
Ge<strong>en</strong> thermische vermoeiing<br />
Bv. alloy 601<br />
Klassiek met alloy 600<br />
Nieuw met matching (6225Al)<br />
Zelfde oxidatiebest<strong>en</strong>digheid<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 68
Normering<br />
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
LTM<br />
Norm<strong>en</strong><br />
AWS DIN EN (nieuw)<br />
Elektrode A 5.11 DIN 1736 14171<br />
TIG A 5.14 DIN 1736 18274<br />
MIG/MAG A 5.14 DIN 1736 18274<br />
Gevulde draad A 5.11 DIN 1736 14172<br />
Plasma A 5.14 DIN 1736 18274<br />
OP A 5.14 DIN 1736 18274<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 69
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
UTP DIN AWS<br />
EN ISO<br />
aanduiding 1736 A 5.14<br />
18274.2<br />
Nr Symbol chem. Symbol<br />
NIKKEL<br />
A 80 Ni<br />
NIKKEL-KOPER<br />
SG-NiTi 4 ERNi-1 S Ni 2061 NiTi3<br />
A 80 M<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM<br />
SG-NiCu30MnTi ERNiCu-7 S Ni 4060 NiCu30Mn3Ti<br />
A 068 HH SG-NiCr20Nb ERNiCr-3 S Ni 6082 NiCr20Mn3Nb<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM-IJZER<br />
A 6225 Al SG-NiCr25FeAl S Ni 6704 NiCr25FeAl3YC<br />
A 3545Nb SG X 45 NiCrNb 45 35 S Ni 6701 NiCr36Fe7Nb<br />
A 6230 Mn SG-NiCr29Fe S Ni 6052 NiCr30Fe9<br />
A 5521 Nb SG-NiCr19NbMoTi ERNiFeCr-2 S Ni 7718 NiFe19Cr19Nb5Mo3<br />
A 5022 Mo SG-NiCr21Fe18Mo ERNiCrMo-2 S Ni 6002 NiCr21Fe18Mo9<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM-MOLYBDEEN<br />
A 6222 Mo SG-NiCr21Mo9Nb ERNiCrMo-3 S Ni 6625 NiCr22Mo9Nb<br />
A 759 SG-NiCr23Mo16 ERNiCrMo-13 S Ni 6059 NiCr23Mo16<br />
A 776 SG-NiMo16Cr16W ERNiCrMo-4 S Ni 6276 NiMo16Cr15Fe6W4<br />
A 4225 SG-NiCr27Mo S Ni 8125 NiFe26Cr25Mo<br />
A 704 SG-NiMo16Cr16Ti ERNiCrMo-7 S Ni 6455 NiCr16Mo16Ti<br />
A 722 SG-NiCr22Mo14W ERNiCrMo-10 S Ni 6022 NiCr21Mo13Fe4W3<br />
A 5020 Mo SG-NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN ERNiCrMo-18 S Ni 6650 NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM-MOLYBDEEN-Co<br />
A 6170 Co SG-NiCr22Co12Mo ERNiCrCoMo-1 S Ni 6617 NiCr22Co12Mo9<br />
A 6120Co S Ni 7263 NiCr20Co20Mo6Ti2<br />
NIKKEL-MOLYBDEEN<br />
A 703 SG-NiMo27 ERNiMo-7 S Ni 1066 NiMo28<br />
A 6202 Mo SG-NiMo28Cr S Ni 1069 NiMo28Fe4Cr<br />
A 6208 Mo SG-NiMo24Cr8Fe S Ni 1062 NiMo24Cr8Fe6<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 70
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
UTP DIN AWS<br />
EN ISO<br />
aanduiding 1736 A 5.11<br />
14172<br />
Nr Symbol chem. Symbol<br />
NIKKEL<br />
80 Ni<br />
NIKKEL-KOPER<br />
EL-NiTi 3 ENi-1 E Ni 2061 NiTi3<br />
80 M<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM<br />
EL-NiCu30Mn ENiCu-7 E Ni 4060 NiCu30Mn3Ti<br />
068 HH<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM-IJZER<br />
EL-NiCr19Nb ~ENiCrFe-3 E Ni 6082 NiCr20Mn3Nb<br />
7015 EL-NiCr15FeMn ENiCrFe-3 E Ni 6182 NiCr15Fe6Mn<br />
7015 Mo EL-NiCr16FeMn ENiCrFe-2 E Ni 6093 NiCr15Fe8NbMo<br />
6225 Al EL-NiCr25Fe10Al E Ni 6025 NiCr25Fe10AlY<br />
7015HL EL-NiCr15FeMn ENiCrFe-3 E Ni 6182 NiCr15Fe6Mn<br />
7017 Mo EL-NiCr15MoNb ENiCrFe-4 E Ni 6095 NiCr15Fe8NbMoW<br />
6230 Mn<br />
NIKKEL_CHROOM-MOLYBDEEN<br />
E Ni 6152 NiCr30Fe9Nb<br />
6222 Mo EL-NiCr20Mo9Nb ENiCrMo-3 E Ni 6625 NiCr22Mo9Nb<br />
759 Kb EL-NiCr22Mo16 ENiCrMo-13 E Ni 6059 NiCr23Mo16<br />
776 Kb EL-NiMo15Cr15W E NiCrMo-4 E Ni 6276 NiCr15Mo15W<br />
4225 EL-NiCr26Mo E Ni 8165 NiCr25Fe30Mo<br />
7013 Mo<br />
7017 Mo<br />
ENiCrMo-6 E Ni 6620 NiCr14Mo7Fe<br />
704 Kb EL-NiMo15Cr15Ti ENiCrMo-7 E Ni 6455 NiCr16Mo15Ti<br />
722 Kb EL-NiCr21Mo14W ENiCrMo-10 E Ni 6022 NiCr21Mo13W3<br />
5020 Mo EL-NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN E Ni 6650 NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN<br />
6220 Mo<br />
NIKKEL-CHROOM-MOLYBDEEN-Co<br />
- -<br />
6170 Co EL-NiCr21Co12Mo ~ENiCrCoMo-1 E Ni 6617 NiCr22Co12Mo<br />
5520 Co<br />
NIKKEL-MOLYBDEEN<br />
- -<br />
703 Kb EL-NiMo29 ENiMo-7 E Ni 1066 NiMo28<br />
6202 Mo EL-NiMo28Cr E Ni 1069 NiMo28Fe4Cr<br />
6208 Mo EL-NiMo24Cr E Ni 1062 NiMo24Cr8Fe6<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 71
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Meerdere toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 6% Mo stal<strong>en</strong> (ivm Mo-segregatie)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 9% Ni staal (T = -196°C)<br />
Zwart/wit verbinding<strong>en</strong> bij T > 300°C (+ PWHT)<br />
Nieuw: Offshore<br />
Duplex<br />
(Superduplex)<br />
6% Mo-staal<br />
Oplass<strong>en</strong>/cladd<strong>en</strong><br />
WENS: 1 TYPE LTM<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 72
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Pitting Resistance Equival<strong>en</strong>t<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 6% Mo stal<strong>en</strong><br />
Invloed legeringselem<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong> op pitting corrosie<br />
1.4529 %Cr+3,3%Mo UNS N 08926 X 1 NiCrMoCuN 25-20- 6<br />
1.4547<br />
1.4652<br />
%Cr+3,3%Mo+16%N<br />
UNS S 31254 X 2 CrNiMoCuN 24-22- 7<br />
%Cr+3,3%Mo+30%N<br />
UNS S 32654 X 1 CrNiMoCuN 24-22- 7<br />
Hoog Mo gehalte<br />
% Cr + 3,3 %(Mo + 0,5W) + 16 %N<br />
%Cr+1,5%(Mo+W+Nb)<br />
%Cr-0,8%Cu+1,5%(Mo+W)<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 73
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 6% Mo stal<strong>en</strong><br />
Probleem<br />
Segregatie <strong>van</strong> Mo in lasmetaal<br />
Type lasmetaal Gemiddeld<br />
Waard<strong>en</strong> gemet<strong>en</strong> met MEB<br />
%Mo max. %Mo min. %Mo Verschil<br />
(%Mo min. / gemm.)<br />
18 Cr, 17 Ni, Mo, N 4,3 5,3 3,1 ~ 0,72<br />
20 Cr, 25 Ni, Mo, Cu, N 6,5 9,4 5 ~ 0,76<br />
EL - NiCr 20 Mo 9 Nb 9 11,6 7,2 ~ 0,80<br />
EL - NiMo 15 Cr 15 W 16,2 20,3 12,6 ~ 0,78<br />
EL - NiCr 15 Mo 15 Ti 15,5 19,2 11,9 ~ 0,77<br />
Verschil in corrosiegedrag<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 74
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 6% Mo stal<strong>en</strong><br />
Oplossing<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> met “matching” LTM <strong>en</strong> oplosgloei<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> met “overmatching” LTM (hoger Mo-gehalte)<br />
Laatsg<strong>en</strong>oemde is meest toegepast/economisch OK<br />
E (R) NiCrMo-3 (alloy 625)<br />
E (R) NiCrMo-13 (alloy 59)<br />
Nieuw<br />
EL NiCr20Fe14Mo11WN – ER NiCrMo-18 (UTP (A)5020 Mo)<br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 6% Mo stal<strong>en</strong><br />
Spelregels<br />
Schoon/vetvrij<br />
Beperk opm<strong>en</strong>ging <strong>en</strong> H.I.<br />
Doorlassing max. 30% opm<strong>en</strong>ging<br />
warmscheur<strong>en</strong><br />
warmscheurgevoeligheid <strong>van</strong> Ni-Leg.<br />
(6%Mo-staal gelast met Alloy 625)<br />
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<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 9% Ni-stal<strong>en</strong> (LNG tanks)<br />
Ge<strong>en</strong> “matching” LTM beschikbaar, wel:<br />
Fe-basis (vol-aust. RVS)<br />
Ni-basis (alloy 600, 625)<br />
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<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> 9% Ni stal<strong>en</strong><br />
Voordeel Ni-basis LTM<br />
Uitzettingscoëfficiënt gunstiger dan Fe-basis<br />
Minder gevoelig voor opm<strong>en</strong>ging<br />
Hoge taaiheid bij -196 °C<br />
Beschikbaarheid<br />
Nadeel<br />
Prijs<br />
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<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> zwart/wit verbinding<strong>en</strong> (bij T > 300°C + evt. PWHT)<br />
A ? B<br />
A B<br />
C-Staal CrNi-Staal aust<strong>en</strong>itisch<br />
C-Staal CrNiMoN-Staal aust<strong>en</strong>itisch<br />
Cr-Staal CrNi-Staal aust<strong>en</strong>itisch<br />
Hittebest<strong>en</strong>dig Cr-staal Aust<strong>en</strong>itisch RVS<br />
Duplex stal<strong>en</strong> Ni-Basis Legering<strong>en</strong><br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Wat is belangrijk bij keuze LTM?<br />
Mechanische sterkte<br />
Scheurvrij<br />
Stabiele structuur tijd<strong>en</strong>s bedrijf<br />
Verschil in uitzettingscoëfficiënt<strong>en</strong><br />
Corrosiebest<strong>en</strong>digheid<br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Voordel<strong>en</strong> Ni-basis LTM<br />
Hoge ductiliteit lasmetaal<br />
Minder kans koudscheur<strong>en</strong> in HAZ bij ferr. stal<strong>en</strong>.<br />
Minder kans op warmscheur<strong>en</strong> in HAZ <strong>en</strong> las bij RVS<br />
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Ge<strong>en</strong>/weinig verbrossing na/gedur<strong>en</strong>de PWHT/in bedrijf<br />
In geval <strong>van</strong> kruipvaste stal<strong>en</strong> aan RVS<br />
1. Staalzijde buffer<strong>en</strong> met Ni-bas<br />
2. PWHT<br />
3. Verbinding lass<strong>en</strong> met Ni-bas<br />
C-Staal<br />
RVS<br />
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Verhindering C-diffusie<br />
Diffusie <strong>van</strong> C (in staal) naar Cr (in lasmetaal)<br />
Ontkoolde zone (HAZ)<br />
Slechte mech. eig<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong> in HAZ<br />
Opharding smeltlijn cq. Carbidevorming<br />
Sigma fase<br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
RVS LTM<br />
C-diffusie<br />
Ni-bas LTM<br />
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Andere toepassing<strong>en</strong><br />
Offshore<br />
Oplass<strong>en</strong>/clad<br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
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DIN (*) C Si Mn Cr Ni N Mo Fe PRE (**) Rp0,2 Rp1 Rm A5<br />
Werkstofno.<br />
Legeringstype wt % MPa %<br />
UNS No<br />
X2CrNiMoN 22 5 3<br />
1.4462<br />
---<br />
S 31803<br />
< 0,030 < 1,0 < 2,0 21,0 - 23,0 4,5 - 6,5 0,10 - 0,22 2,5 - 3,5 Rest 35 480 520 680 35<br />
Duplex<br />
X1NiCrMoCuN 25 20 6<br />
1.4529<br />
< 0,020 < 0,50 < 2,0 19,0 - 21,0 24,0 - 26,0 0,15 - 0,25 6,0 - 7,0 Rest 48 300 340 650 40<br />
alloy 926 (****)<br />
N 08926 (variant <strong>van</strong> S31254)<br />
Hoog Mo<br />
sterk<br />
corrosie<br />
X2CrNiMoNbN 25 18 5 4 < 0,030 < 1,0 3,5 - 6,5 23,0 - 26,0 16,0 - 19,0 0,30 - 0,50 3,0 - 5,0 Rest 48 420 460 800 30<br />
1.4565<br />
alloy 24<br />
S 34565<br />
(*) DIN: Duitse Industrie Norm<br />
(**) PRE: Pitting resistant equival<strong>en</strong>t PRE = Cr + 3,3 (Mo + 0,5 W) + 30 N<br />
(***) andere 0,5 - 1,0 Cu / 0,5 - 1,0 W<br />
(****) andere 0,5 - 1,5 Cu<br />
Las material<strong>en</strong>: Analyse <strong>en</strong> mechanische eig<strong>en</strong>schapp<strong>en</strong><br />
UTP (A)5020Mo < 0,03 < 0,6 < 0,7 21 rest 0,05-0,15 11,5 13,5 62 > 480 > 725 > 80<br />
(W: 1,0-2,0 Nb: 0,2)<br />
Sterk + corrosie<br />
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Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
Oplass<strong>en</strong>/cladd<strong>en</strong><br />
Chemische analyse oplas/clad gelijk?<br />
Beperk opm<strong>en</strong>ging<br />
weinig Fe/C - veel Cr/Mo<br />
Dunne lag<strong>en</strong><br />
Buffer<strong>en</strong> met overmatching indi<strong>en</strong> mogelijk<br />
Bv. monel clad<br />
A80M<br />
A80Ni<br />
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Cladd<strong>en</strong> (ES strip)<br />
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Mogelijke legering<strong>en</strong><br />
Alloy 625 (~ 1-ste laag)<br />
Alloy 600<br />
Alloy 400<br />
Alloy 200<br />
Alloy 825<br />
Alloy C 4, C 276, C 22<br />
Alloy 59<br />
Alloy B 2<br />
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PWHT??<br />
Lastoevoegmaterial<strong>en</strong><br />
In principe niet/doorgaans ook ge<strong>en</strong> probleem<br />
Bepaalde legering<strong>en</strong> onder bepaalde HT/corrosie omstandighed<strong>en</strong><br />
Raadpleeg datasheets leverancier BM<br />
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Bedankt voor uw aandacht!<br />
Vrag<strong>en</strong>??<br />
<strong>Lass<strong>en</strong></strong> <strong>van</strong> Nikkel- <strong>en</strong> <strong>nikkel</strong>legering<strong>en</strong> Member of the BÖHLER-UDDEHOLM Group 95
If it can be welded,<br />
we know-how!<br />
Böhler Thyss<strong>en</strong> Lastechniek BV<br />
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2031 BT Haarlem<br />
Tel.: 023-789 04 00<br />
Fax: 023-789 04 10<br />
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