Appendix. 命名法 Nomenclature
Appendix. 命名法 Nomenclature
Appendix. 命名法 Nomenclature
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<strong>Appendix</strong>. <strong>Nomenclature</strong><br />
A.1. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
080507 <br />
IUPAC1:1<br />
<br />
A.2. IUPAC<br />
H<br />
<br />
- .... -<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
1. <br />
<br />
1 metha 11 undeca 21 henicosa<br />
2 etha 12 dodeca 22 docosa<br />
3 propa 13 trideca 23 tricosa<br />
4 buta 14 tetradeca<br />
5 penta 15 pentadeca 30 triaconta<br />
6 hexa 16 hexadeca 40 tetraconta<br />
7 hepta 17 heptadeca 50 pentaconta<br />
8 octa 18 octadeca<br />
9 nona 19 nonadeca<br />
10 deca 20 icosa<br />
A.3. IUPAC<br />
[1] <br />
-ane<br />
ex. CH 4 metha + ane methane<br />
* *<br />
* "a"<br />
CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 propane CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 octane<br />
[2] <br />
-<br />
ex.<br />
<br />
<br />
CH 3<br />
CH 3<br />
H 3 C C H<br />
CH CH 3<br />
<br />
2,3-dimethylbutane
080507 <br />
2<br />
<br />
( 1 mono ) 5 penta 9 nona<br />
2 di 6 hexa 10 deca<br />
3 tri 7 hepta 11 undeca<br />
4 tetra 8 octa 12 dodeca1<br />
<br />
[3] (1)<br />
C C C C<br />
C C C C C C<br />
[4] <br />
-yl<br />
CH 3 metha methyl CH 3 CH 2 ethyl CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 propyl<br />
[5] (1)<br />
<br />
CH 3<br />
2,2-dimethylbutane <br />
CH 3 CH 3<br />
3,3-dimethylbutane H 3 C C C C CH 3<br />
H H2<br />
CH 3 <br />
H 2 C CH 3<br />
2,3-dimethyl-3-ethylpentane<br />
H 3 C C C H2<br />
CH 3<br />
C C C<br />
[6] (1)<br />
alkenes -ene <br />
ex. CH 2 CH 2 etha + ene ethene<br />
CHCH + yne ethyne<br />
CH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 1-butene<br />
alkynes -yne<br />
ethylene<br />
acetylene<br />
CH 3 CHCHCH 3 2-butene<br />
[7] (2)<br />
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2<br />
[8] (2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2-ethyl-1-pentene<br />
[9] <br />
ex. CH 2 CHCHCH 2 1,3-butadiene CHCCH 2 CCH 1,4-pentadiyne<br />
en, yne CHCCHCHCH 3 3-penten-1-yne<br />
2-penten-4-yne<br />
CH 2 CHCH 2 CCH 1-penten-4-yne<br />
4-penten-1-yne<br />
[10] <br />
cyclo + <br />
C<br />
CH 2<br />
CH 2 CH 3<br />
CH 3 CH C H<br />
CH CH 3<br />
CH 3<br />
4-methyl-2-pentene<br />
2-methyl-3-pentene
080507 <br />
[11] <br />
benzene, naphthalene, anthracene<br />
[12] <br />
CH 2 CH 2 CH 3<br />
CH<br />
CH 2 CH 3<br />
CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3<br />
<br />
<br />
hexylbenzene 3-cyclohexylhexane (1-ethylbutylcyclohexane)<br />
A.4 IUPAC<br />
[13] <br />
<br />
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl 1-chloropropane CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH 1,3-propanediol<br />
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHO butanal<br />
[14] <br />
CH 3 OCH 2 CH 3 methoxyethane CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 1-ethoxy-2-methoxyethane<br />
[15] 2<br />
<br />
CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3 methyl propanoate CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 2 CH 2 Cl 2-chloroethyl butanoate<br />
2-<br />
[16] <br />
34<br />
CH 3 CHCH 3 2-propanol H 3 C<br />
CHCOOH 2-hydroxypropanoic acid<br />
<br />
OH<br />
[17] (3)<br />
<br />
<br />
CH 3 CH 2 CHCOOH 2-ethylbutanoic acid ClCH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3 4-chloro-2-butanol<br />
CH 2 CH 3<br />
1-chloro-3-butanol<br />
[18] vs. <br />
CH 2 CHCH 2 OH 2-propen-1-ol<br />
<br />
1-propen-3-ol<br />
OH<br />
OH<br />
OH<br />
[19] <br />
H 3 C<br />
CH<br />
H 3 C<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3<br />
C<br />
CH 3<br />
isopropyl <br />
t-butyl <br />
H 3 C<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 2<br />
isobutyl <br />
CH 2 CH 2<br />
isopentyl<br />
H 3 C<br />
H 2 C<br />
CH<br />
H 3 C<br />
CH 3<br />
H 3 C C CH 2<br />
CH 3<br />
s-butyl<br />
neopentyl<br />
-CHCH 2 vinyl (ethenyl) -CH 2 CHCH 2 allyl (2-propenyl) -CHCHCH 3 1-propenyl
080507 <br />
<br />
-CH 2 CH 2 OH 2-hydroxyethyl H 3<br />
C<br />
<br />
<br />
CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2<br />
4-methylpentylisohexyl<br />
-CH 2 CH 2 CHCH 2 3-butenyl H 3 C <br />
H 3 C CHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3<br />
1-methylpentylisohexyl2-hexylhexan-2-yl<br />
3<br />
-F fluoro -SR R-thio (alkylthio) -OR R-oxy (alkyloxy)<br />
-Cl chloro -OCH 3 methoxy<br />
-Br bromo -OCH 2 CH 3 ethoxy<br />
-I iodo -O(CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 propoxy<br />
-NO 2 nitro -O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 butoxy<br />
-OC 6 H 5 phenoxy<br />
4<br />
<br />
1<br />
+<br />
ammonium ion -NH 3 ammonio -ammonium<br />
2 carboxylic acid -(C)OOH -oic acid <br />
-COOH carboxy -carboxylic acid <br />
sulfonic acid -SO 3 H sulfo -sulfonic acid <br />
metal carboxylate -(C)OOM Metal -oate <br />
-COOM Metal -carboxylate <br />
3 acid anhydride -(C)OO(C)O- -oic anhydride <br />
ester -(C)OOR R -oate R()<br />
-COOR Roxycarbonyl R -carboxylate R()<br />
acid halide -(C)OX -oyl halide <br />
-COX haloformyl -carbonyl halide <br />
amide -(C)ONH 2 -amide<br />
-CONH 2 carbamoyl -carboxamide<br />
4 nitrile -(C)N -nitrile<br />
-CN cyano -carbonitrile<br />
5 aldehyde -(C)HO -al<br />
-CHO formyl -carbaldehyde<br />
6 ketone -(C)O- oxo -one<br />
7 alcohol (phenol) -OH hydroxy -ol<br />
thiol -SH mercapto -thiol <br />
8 amine -NH 2 amino -amine<br />
imine NH imino -imine<br />
(C)<br />
M<br />
R
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