Tehnologii Web
Tehnologii Web
Tehnologii Web
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<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong><br />
Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga<br />
Facultatea de Informatica<br />
Universitatea “A.I.Cuza” – Iasi, Romania<br />
http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
1
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
Foi de stiluri in cascada<br />
Prezentare generala<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
Detalii in [PSW, 163-196 + CD]<br />
[NW, 105-125]<br />
2
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
cuprins<br />
• Caracteristici generale<br />
• CSS – nivelul 1<br />
• CSS – nivelul 2<br />
• Resurse<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
3
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | caracteristici<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Foi de stiluri: grupuri de proprietati<br />
definind modul de aparitie a elementelor<br />
unor limbaje de marcare (HTML, XML,…)<br />
• Cascading Style Sheets – nivelul 1<br />
(dec. 1996)<br />
• Cascading Style Sheets – nivelul 2<br />
(mai 1998)<br />
• Cascading Style Sheets – nivelul 3<br />
(in curs de standardizare)<br />
4
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | formatare<br />
• Model orientat boxa<br />
margine, bordura, padding, continut<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
5
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | terminologie<br />
h1 { color: #CCC; font-size: 16pt;}<br />
Selector<br />
Proprietate<br />
Valoare<br />
Declaratie Declaratie<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
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<br />
6
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | moduri de utilizare<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Local, la nivelul unui marcator – atributul style:<br />
…<br />
• Gruparea definitiilor CSS in antetul documentului<br />
–elementul:<br />
<br />
h3 { color: #C60; margin: 1em }<br />
<br />
• Extern, definitiile de stiluri fiind stocate<br />
intr-un fisier .css:<br />
<br />
7
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | clase<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Definirea de proprietati pentru o clasa<br />
(grup) de elemente: .nume_de_clasa<br />
.intens { font-weight: bolder; color: green }<br />
• Utilizare prin intermediul atributului class:<br />
Paragraf ingrosat si verde.<br />
Titlu ingrosat si verde<br />
• Alternativa – via identificator #identificator<br />
#intens { font-weight: bolder; color: green }<br />
Paragraf ingrosat si verde.<br />
8
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | stiluri<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Stiluri aplicate in functie de context:<br />
p em { color: blue }<br />
Un paragraf albastru doar aici…<br />
Acesta este italic si atit!<br />
• Grupare de stiluri:<br />
h1, h2, a, td { font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt }<br />
h2 { font-style: italic }<br />
9
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | pseudo<br />
• Pseudo-clase: a:link, a:visited, a:active<br />
a:link { color: red }<br />
a:visited img { color: yellow; border: solid }<br />
a:active { background-color: blue }<br />
• Pseudo-elemente: first-line, first-letter<br />
p:first-line { text-indent: 5% }<br />
p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; float: left }<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
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10
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | exemple<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Foile de stiluri folosite in cadrul paginilor<br />
<strong>Web</strong> ale cursului:<br />
– http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/teach/courses/web/web.css<br />
• Foile de stiluri utilizate de situl <strong>Web</strong> al<br />
Facultatii de Informatica – consultati<br />
codul-sursa XHTML al paginii principale:<br />
– http://www.infoiasi.ro/<br />
11
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | proprietati | fonturi<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• font-family: serif (Amherst),<br />
sans-serif (Arial), cursive (Nuptial),<br />
fantasy (STOP), monospace (Courier)<br />
• font-style: normal, italic, oblique<br />
• font-weight: normal, bold, lighter, 100..900<br />
• font-size: x-small, medium, large, 10pt,<br />
16pt, larger, smaller, -10%, +50%<br />
p { font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif }<br />
h4 { font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; font-size: -25% }<br />
12
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | proprietati | culori<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• color: denumire_culoare | rgb(N,N,N)<br />
• background-color: denumire_culoare | rgb(N,N,N)<br />
• background-image: url (URL)<br />
• background-repeat: repeat-x, repeat-y, no-repeat<br />
• background-position: vertical orizontal<br />
h2 { color: navy; background-image: url(web-bg.png) }<br />
body { background-image:<br />
url(http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/csb-myself2);<br />
background-repeat: no-repeat;<br />
background-position: top right;<br />
}<br />
13
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | proprietati | text<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• letter-spacing: numar<br />
• text-decoration: none, underline, overline,<br />
line-through, blink<br />
• vertical-align: top, middle, bottom<br />
• text-transform: capitalize, uppercase, lowercase<br />
• text-align: left, center, right, justify<br />
• text-indent: numar<br />
• line-height: numar<br />
a { text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase }<br />
p.aliniat { text-indent: 2cm; line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify }<br />
14
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | proprietati | clasif.<br />
clasif<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• white-space: normal, pre, nowrap<br />
• list-style-type: disc, circle, square, decimal,<br />
lower-roman, upper-roman, none, …<br />
• list-style-image: url (URL)<br />
• list-style-position: inside, outside<br />
pre { white-space: pre; margin-left: 10px }<br />
li {<br />
list-style-image: url(web-bullet.png);<br />
list-style-type: disc<br />
}<br />
15
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | nivelul 2<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Selectorii permit descendenti (first-child)<br />
• Mecanism complex de selectare a elementelor<br />
• Dependenta de medii de comunicare<br />
(@media) – ecran, hirtie, audio,…<br />
• Stiluri pentru tabele<br />
• Stiluri aurale<br />
(volume, speak, pause, cue, azimuth, elevation)<br />
• Suport pentru alfabete<br />
• Pozitionare absoluta/relativa a continutului<br />
(top, left, z-index, position)<br />
• Suport pentru redare<br />
(visibility, clip, overflow, width, height)<br />
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<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | nivelul 2<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• Mecanismul de selectare<br />
» Aparitii contextuale<br />
ul li { font-size: 10pt; width: 50% }<br />
» Descendenti ai altor elemente<br />
ol > li { background: rgb(127,200,0) }<br />
» Elemente care urmeaza imediat dupa altele<br />
h1 + h2 { margin-top: -5mm }<br />
» Elemente cu atribute avind diverse valori<br />
a[href=“http://www.infoiasi.ro”] { border: solid thin }<br />
*[lang=“en”] { display: none }<br />
» Elemente avind ID setat cu o anumita valoare<br />
h1#capitolul1 { letter-spacing: 0.3em }<br />
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<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
css | nivelul 2<br />
• Medii<br />
» Tipuri: aural, braille, handheld, print,<br />
projection, screen, tty, tv<br />
» Clasificare:<br />
–continue (continuous) | paginate (paged)<br />
–vizuale (visual) | sonore (aural) |<br />
tactile (tactile)<br />
–interactive | statice<br />
@media print { body { font-size: 12pt } }<br />
@media screen<br />
{ body { font-size: 10pt; background-color: #CCC } }<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
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18
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
instrumente<br />
• CSS Validator:<br />
http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/<br />
• Extensia <strong>Web</strong> Developer pentru<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
Firefox: http://addons.mozilla.org/addon/60<br />
• Extensia Firebug pentru Firefox:<br />
getfirebug.com<br />
19
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
resurse<br />
• CSS – level 1 (recomandare W3C):<br />
www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
• CSS – level 2, revision 1 (recomandare W3C):<br />
www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS21<br />
• Learning CSS: www.w3.org/Style/CSS/learning<br />
• CSS Zen Garden: www.csszengarden.com/<br />
• CSS/Edge: www.meyerweb.com/eric/css/edge/<br />
• Quirks Mode: www.quirksmode.org/<br />
20
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
rezumat<br />
• Caracteristici generale<br />
• CSS – nivelul 1<br />
• CSS – nivelul 2<br />
• Resurse<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
<br />
<br />
21
<strong>Tehnologii</strong> <strong>Web</strong> 2007/2008<br />
Intrebari…?<br />
Dr. Sabin Buraga http://www.infoiasi.ro/~busaco/<br />
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22