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Slavoljub Gacović - Politički i kulturni uticaj Vlaške na Vidinski Despotat u srednjem veku -Influentele politice și culturale ale Valahiei asupra Despotatatul de la Vidin in Evul Mediu

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INFLUENȚELE POLITICE ȘI CULTURALE ALE VALAHIEI<br />

ASUPRA DESPOTATULUI DE LA VIDIN ÎN EVUL MEDIU<br />

<strong>S<strong>la</strong>voljub</strong> GACOVIĆ<br />

Biblioteca centrală „Svetozar Marković“ Zaječar,<br />

Republica Serbia<br />

Abstract: In the first part of the paper I outl<strong>in</strong>e the boundaries of <strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Despotat</strong>e accord<strong>in</strong>g to the<br />

report of a Dom<strong>in</strong>ican priest from 1308. Then I talk about the conquest of that <strong>Despotat</strong>e at the time<br />

of Despot Ioan Stratsimir by the Hungarian army of Louis I of Hungary <strong>in</strong> 1365 and its liberation <strong>in</strong><br />

1369 with the help of the V<strong>la</strong>ch Duke V<strong>la</strong>d (V<strong>la</strong>dis<strong>la</strong>v V<strong>la</strong>jku 1368–1372), which marked the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g<br />

of the political and cultural <strong>in</strong>fluences of the medieval Wal<strong>la</strong>chia (Țara Românească) on the<br />

territory of <strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Despotat</strong>e.<br />

In the second part of the paper I talk about the erection of churches and mo<strong>na</strong>steries (the cathedral<br />

church of Lapusnja, Krepicevac, Lozica and others) by the V<strong>la</strong>ch Duke Radu I the B<strong>la</strong>ck (1377–1385)<br />

<strong>in</strong> the area of ​<strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Despotat</strong>e (more precisely, the area of ​Cr<strong>na</strong> Reka which today extends <strong>in</strong> the territory<br />

of Boljevac municipality, and the cities of Zajecar and Bor) for the needs of domicile V<strong>la</strong>chs/<br />

Daco-Romanians and the newly arrived V<strong>la</strong>chs/Aromanians (Pso<strong>de</strong>rci V<strong>la</strong>ch katun, Zarv<strong>in</strong>ce V<strong>la</strong>ch<br />

katun, Sremljane V<strong>la</strong>ch katun and others) from Kosovo after the Battle of Marica (1371) and the<br />

Battle of Kosovo (1389). I also mention the restoration of the a fore mentioned churches by Radu<br />

IV the Great (Cel Mare 1495–1508), who is still referred to among the people of the Timok Region<br />

as Radu-Bey.<br />

In the third part of the paper, I state, based on written sources (Pč<strong>in</strong>jski pomenik and others), that<br />

the church of the mo<strong>na</strong>stery of Lapusnja was the cathedral church of the bishops of the so-called<br />

V<strong>la</strong>ch Diocese, which <strong>in</strong> 1020 was granted to the V<strong>la</strong>chs from the territory of Bulgarian theme<br />

with<strong>in</strong> Byzantium with headquarters <strong>in</strong> Vreanota (today Vranje), which after the arrival of the Turks<br />

moved to Prilep and Flori<strong>na</strong> where it was mentioned <strong>in</strong> 1366, and then because of the Turks had to<br />

move to <strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong> <strong>Despotat</strong>e when <strong>la</strong>rge masses of Aromanians also settled.<br />

Keywords: V<strong>la</strong>chs / Daco-Romanians, V<strong>la</strong>chs / Aromanians, Radu I the B<strong>la</strong>ck, Radu IV the Great,<br />

Ioan Sratsimir, Cr<strong>na</strong> Reka, Lapusnja, V<strong>la</strong>ch Diocese.<br />

La sfârşitul secolului al XIII-lea – începutul secolului al XIV-lea <strong>de</strong>spotatul <strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong>ului<br />

apărea în ochii contemporanilor drept un ţarat autonom. Dovezi referitoare <strong>la</strong> aceasta<br />

găsim în raportul unui mo<strong>na</strong>h dom<strong>in</strong>ican d<strong>in</strong> 1308: „Bulgaria este pr<strong>in</strong> ea însăşi un imperiu<br />

mare. Capita<strong>la</strong> acestui imperiu e <strong>Vid<strong>in</strong></strong>, oraş mare. Oricum, toţi împăraţii acestui imperiu se<br />

numesc Şişmani. Ţara e foarte înt<strong>in</strong>să, bogată şi frumoasă; este scăldată <strong>de</strong> zece râuri <strong>na</strong>vigabile,<br />

acoperită <strong>de</strong> înălţimi pitoreşti şi păduri şi e bogată în pâ<strong>in</strong>e, carne, peşte, arg<strong>in</strong>t şi aur şi orice<br />

marfă, cu prepon<strong>de</strong>renţă ceară şi ţesături; <strong>de</strong>altfel, în această ţară se află o mulţime <strong>de</strong> m<strong>in</strong>e <strong>de</strong><br />

arg<strong>in</strong>t şi toate râurile cară aur amestecat cu nisipul lor, iar d<strong>in</strong> ele, <strong>la</strong> porunca împăraţilor, se<br />

scoate aur. Pr<strong>in</strong> centrul acestui imperiu trece fluviul Dunărea.” 1<br />

1<br />

Descriptio Europae Orientalis: Imperium Constant<strong>in</strong>opolitanum, Albania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ruthenia, Ungaria,<br />

Polonia, Bohemia, anno MCCCVIII exariata, ed. O. Gorka, Cracoviae, 1916, 37–38.<br />

TIBISCVM, Arheologie, 8/2018, p. 129–142<br />

https://biblioteca-digita<strong>la</strong>.ro

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