201352_oanalizmay%C4%B1s

Kapak Konusu
66
Wastewater treatment and reuse can play a significant role in alleviating the water problems of Palestine,
both in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
2- Standards and regulations are mostly based
either on United States Environmental Protection
Agency 33 or on WHO guidelines that
sometimes do not respond to scheme- and
country-specific needs
3- Monitoring and evaluation: Due to the lack
of personnel and institutions, the monitoring
and evaluation programs are irregular, insufficient
or not well-developed
4- Institutional set-up and personnel capacity:
Planning, design, implementation, operation
and maintenance of wastewater treatment
and reuse facilities are usually distributed
among many governmental departments,
while coordination and cooperation is lacking.
5- Policy and political constraints: There is a
lack of political commitment and of a nation-
Mayıs 2013 - Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 53
al policy and/or strategy to support wastewater
treatment and reuse.
6- Technical constraints of wastewater treatment:
Responsible authorities lack information
on treatment technologies; the transferred
treatment technology does not work
in practice due to high operation costs and
the lack of qualified technical personnel; the
infrastructures for treatment and for the conveyance
and distribution of the treated effluent
is limited.
7- Health impacts and environmental safety of
wastewater reuse: Negative impacts are experienced
on water, soil, humans and animals.
8- Public acceptance and awareness regarding
wastewater reuse: Local farmers, civil society
and the private sector have limited involvement
in policy planning. This reduces partic-