Ganam Final.pmd

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mD¥ãa âfâÆÈUªJ MW thu§fS¡FŸ gâš »il¡fhÉoš mªj¥ gil¥ò ãuRu¤â‰F V‰W¡
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MáÇaU¡F cÇikí©L. - - MáÇa®
MáÇa®
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 1

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,e;jg; Gul;rpf;F topNfhypapUf;fpwJ. ,izak; Xu; mw;Gjkhd fz;Lgpbg;G. kdpj ,dj;jpd;
tsu;r;rpg;ghijapy; xU Kf;fpakhd gha;r;riy ,izak; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ.
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vy;yhg; gf;f thry;fisAk; ,e;j ,izaj; jsq;fs; jpwe;J itj;jpUf;fpd;wd. KO cyifAk; ,e;jj;
njhopy; El;gk; tPl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;Lte;JtpLfpd;wJ. Gjpa fiy fyhrhuq;fs;> tho;f;if Kiwfs;> murpay;
r%f nghUshjhuk; Nghd;w gy;Jiwr; rq;fk topfhl;bahf ,e;jj; njhopy; El;gk; tpsq;FfpwJ.
“vl;Lj; jpf;Fk; nrd;W fiyr; nry;tq;fs; ahTk; nfhzu;e;jpq;F Nru;j;jpLNthk;” vd;w ghujpapd;
fdit edthf;Fk; fUtpfspy; xd;whf ,izak; tpsq;FfpwJ.
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eilngWtjhf juTfs; cs;sd.
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$ba jPikahf ,Ug;gJ r%ftpNuhjpfshy; gug;gg;gLk; Mghrg;glq;fshFk;. ,J ,isQu;fisg; ghupa
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$bajhfTs;sJ. ,J ,iza ez;gu;fis cUthf;FfpwJ. Kfg;Gj;jfk;(Face Book) Nghd;w Social networks
Mz;ngz; cwTfis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Dating Sites, Chat Servers, Internet Messengers, kpd;mQ;ry; vd;gd
ghtidapy; cs;sd. ,tw;wpd; %yk; ,isQu;fs; ey;y ez;gu;fis cUthf;f KbAk;. mNjNghd;W
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cUthfpd;wd. jdpj;jpUe;J Kfe;njupahjhNuhL ,izaj;jpy;;; Chat nra;tjhy; jwpnfl;Lg; NghFk;
rk;gtq;fs; Vw;gl;LtpLfpd;wd. Njitaw;w ,sk; ez;gu;fs; njhlu;ghy; gy Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;
jkJ ghypay; Njitfis G+u;j;jpnra;Jnfhs;fpwhu;fs; vd;w jpLf;fpLk; jfty;fSk; ntspahfpAs;sd.
jpUkzk; Md ,sk; tajpdu; rpyu; jkJ FLk;gj;Jf;F ntspNa Vw;gLj;Jk; ,iza ez;gu;fs;
njhlu;ghy; FLk;g cwT Kwptile;J tpthfuj;jpy; KbtiltijAk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
,d;W ekJ r%fj;jpy;> ,izaj;jsg; ghtidahy; ,isQu;fs; topjtwpg;Nghfhky; ,Uf;f gy;NtW
kl;lq;fspy; tpspg;Gzu;Tf; fUj;juq;Ffs; elj;jNtz;ba Njit ngupJk; czug;gLfpwJ. ,jidg;
ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpNyNa Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjNtis ngw;Nwhu;fSk; ,izaj; njhopy; El;gq;fs;
gw;wpa mwpit XusthtJ Njbf;nfhs;s Kaw;rpg;gNjhL jkJ gps;isfisr; rpwe;j fz;fhzpg;gpd;
%yKk; Mw;Wg;gLj;jy; %yKk; ,izaj;ij ey;y Kiwapy; gad;gLj;j topfhl;l Ntz;Lk;.
2 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

ek; NjkJuj; jkpio ,];yhkpaj; jkpohf> muG
- JUf;fp -ghurPfk; - cu;J} - ,e;NjhNd\pa
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Nghd;W> khw;Wtjd; %yk; jkpopd; tsu;r;rpia
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(fhj;jpGy; `f;) fyhG+\zk; v];.I. eh$u;fdp
vd;Dk; gd;Kf vOj;jhsDk; -gpugy
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mJ vd;d ,];yhkpaj; jkpo;..?
1990y; jkpo;ehL> ,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lk;
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epfo;r;rpapy;> gpujk mjpjpahf gq;Nfw;W
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fiyQu; K. fUzhepjp jk; ciu eLNt fPo;
tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.
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vg;NghJ ek; jkpio - ,];yhkpaj; jkpohf khw;wg;
NghfpwPu;fs;? cu;J} nkhopAk; -ghurPf nkhopAk;
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jkpo; ,d;Dk; khwtpy;iy. khu;f;f mwpQu;fshd
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ghurPfj;jpw;F mjpfk; mjpfkhfj; je;jjd; %yk; >
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gzpfs; Vuhsk;jhd;. (rkPgj;jpy; 2011-[_iy-8>9>10
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K];ypk;fspd; gilg;Gfs; 7000 vd
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khwptpLk;> NjwptpLk;..” vd;whu;.
,e;jf; fiyQupd; rpe;jidia ‘tPuNfrup’apd;
rNfhju thuhe;jupahd ‘tpbnts;sp’ apy; MW
thuq;fs; ( 2011- nrg;lk;gu; 23 Kjy; etk;gu; 04
tiu) njhlu; fl;Liuahf vOjp> ek; ehl;L K];ypk;
Ngdh kd;du;fis cRg;gptpl;lNjhL> rkPgj;jpa
fhay;gl;lz kfhehl;by; ntspaplg;gl;l
‘Ma;Tkhiy’ apYk; ,Nj rpe;jidia vOjp>
cyfshtpa jkpo;g; NgRk; K];ypk; Ngdh
kd;du;fis - K];ypk; r%fj;ijj; J}z;b
tpl;bUf;fpd;whu;> ek; rj;jpa vOj;jhsu; v];.I.
eh$u;fdp...
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thioj;Njhl;l K];ypk; ghlrhiy rhu;gpy; mjd;
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,UtUk; fUj;Jf;fshy; Kuz;gl;lNjapy;iy.
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ehafdhfpa fyhG+\zk; eh$u;fdp Mthu; vdf;
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-rhjidfs; - rhd;whjhu
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vdf; $Wtijtpl Gupe;J itj;Js;Nsd; vd;gNj
nkj;j rup. mjdhy; mtu; njhlu;ghd gy
jfty;fisj; juj;jFjpAilatdhNtd;.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 3

gj;jpupifAyf [hk;gthd; kiwe;j v];.b.
rptehafk; mtu;fshy; “rpe;jhkzp” gz;izapy;
‘K]hgpu; ghu;itapy;’ vd;w gFjpapy; %d;whz;L
fhyk; r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj; njhl;nlOjp ngUk;
thrfu; tl;lj;ij jdf;nfd Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ljd;
%yk;> jkpopy; Kjy; Jg;gha;Tj;Jiw (Investigative
Journalist) gj;jpupifahsuhf cUthf;fg;gl;l
fyhG+\zk; eh$u;fdp> jhndhU rKjha
vOj;jhsd; vd;gij NkYk; cWjp nra;Ak;
tpjkhf> ,d;ndhU vOj;Jg; Nghuhl;lj;ijAk;
ePz;l fhykhf elj;jp tUfpwuhu;. mJ vd;d?
,yq;if K];ypk;fspy; fzprkhNdhu; jk;
gps;isfSf;F rpq;fs nkhop%yk; fw;gpj;jiy
tpUk;gp ‘kWfiu’ Nehf;fp tUlhe;jk; Nghtij
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ,g;gb K];ypk;fspd; Nghjdh
nkhop rpq;fskhf khWtjhy;> ehsiltpy; r%fk;
vjpu; Nehf;fg;NghFk; fyhrhu rPuopTfisj; jd;
Ngdh%yk; tpsf;fp K];ypk;fs; jkpopy; fw;gNj
eynkd gyNfhzq;fsy; epWtp tUfpd;whu;.
fiythjp fyPy;
,d;iwa New;Wf;fs;
New;iwa ehisfs;
vy;yhNk xd;WNghy;jhd;
vdf;Fj; njupfpwJ!
Copg; NguiyAk;
cyfj;ij khw;Wnkd;W
fz;l fdTfSk;
fdTfNs... ep[q;fsy;y!
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juhrpy; kdpju;fisg; Nghl;lhy;
ey;ytu; gf;fNk jhOk;...
juhR!
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ey;ytu; CQ;rypy; cr;rk;Nghy;
Vwp epw;f -
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ghjhs ,wf;fk;!
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vy;yhk; ,e;jg; Nghjdh nkhopg;gpur;rpidiaj;
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thOk; jiyefupy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L> fle;j 48
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midj;jpYk; rKjhag; gzpAk; - rq;fj;jkpo;g;
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mtuJ nkhopeilapy; $Wtjdhy; tz;zj;
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tsu;j;j jkpo;g; ghuk;gupaj;jpd; ,d;iwa Vfg;
gpujpepjpahf vOj;Jg;gzpAk;> mjd; %yk; rka
r%f - nkhopj;Jiw rhu; gzpfisAk; nra;JtUk;
xU rKjhag; Nghuhspahd rNfhjuu; fdpapd; gzp
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eGQ;rfu;fsha; khWk;NghJ
Gjpa cwT Njbg;
Gwg;gl;L vd;d gad;?
ePah ehdh? vd;w Nghl;b tUk;NghJ
ehd;> ehd; vd;Nw neQ;R mOk;?
“tpl;Lf; nfhLg;Nghk;
tpl;Lj;jhd; nfhLg;Nghk;!”
vd;w vz;zq;fs;
vz;zf; fpzw;wpd; mbapy;
GijAz;L Nghapd
vQ;rpapUg;gJ
“ehd;” kl;LNk!
4 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

1
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mku® mku® br«ãa‹ br«ãa‹ bršt‹ bršt‹ Phgfh®¤j¢
Phgfh®¤j¢
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epidj;jhu;fs;.
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tPL tPlhf ,uhZtj;jpdu; GFe;jdu;.
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tPl;Lj; jpz;izapy; ,Ue;jdu;. fhrpag;GTf;F
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fhrpag;G njUtpy;
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ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;
bUe;jhu;.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 5

gak; vd;why; vd;d vd;Nw mwpahj mtupd;
cjLfs; VNjNjh KZKZj;jd.
me;j CupYs;s itutUf;F kil
NghLtnjd;why; fhrpag;Gjhd; G+rhup. mk;kDf;Fg;
nghq;fy; itg;gnjd;whYk; fhrpag;Gjhd; G+rhup.
me;j Cupy; kl;Lky;y> Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpy; mtiuj;
njupahjtu;fs; ,y;iy. mtu; gpwe;jJ me;j Cupy;jhd;
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,aw;if tsKk; tdg;Gk; epiwe;j me;j Cupd;
ngau; gk;igkL.
mq;Fs;s FLk;gq;fs; ahTk; tptrhaf;
FLk;gq;fs; rhjp rkar; rz;ilfs; me;j Cuhu;
Nfl;lwpahjJ. ahtUk; irt rkaj;jtu;fs;.
fhrpag;G gk;igkL tl;lhuj;jpd; mq;fj;jtuhfg;
Nghl;bapd;wpj; njupT nra;ag;gl;L eLr; nrl;bFsk;
gpuNjr rigapd; jiytuhf (Chairman)
,Ue;jtu;.
jpz;izg; gs;spg; gbg;igj; jtpu NtW gbg;Gg;
gbf;fhjtu;. vOj thrpf;fj; njupAk;. Mq;fpyj;jpy;
ifnaOj;Jg; NghLthu;. Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fs;
rpytw;iwj; njupe;J itj;jpUe;jhu;. me;j Cutu;fs;
kl;Lkd;wp maw; fpuhkj;jtu;fs; gyUk; mtuplk;
te;J jq;fs; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;Jf; nfhz;L
NghapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
xU rpwe;j ePjpgjpNghy mtu; nraw;gl;L
MNyhridAk;> mwpTiuAk; toq;fp te;jhu;.
,af;fq;fspd; tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gpd; mtuplk;
tUgtu;fs; FiwT. mtUf;F me;jg; gpuNjrj;jpy;
kjpg;G Vw;glj; njhlq;fpajw;F Kf;fpakhd fhuzk;
xd;W cz;L.
mtuJ tyJ fz; %lg;gl;lgb ghu;itaw;W
tpsq;FtJjhd; mjw;Fr; rhl;rp.
fz;iz ,oe;j fhrpag;Git> (mg;NghJ
fhrpg;gps;is) jpUkzQ; nra;a me;jg; gpuNjrj;Jg;
ngz;fs; vy;yhk; Nghl;b Nghl;ldu; vd;W ngj;jh
,d;Wk; ngUikahfr; nrhy;ypf; nfhs;thu;.
mtiuj; jpUkzQ; nra;Ak; mjp\;lk; nrhe;j
kr;rhshd ngj;jhTf;Fj;jhd; mbj;jJ.
** ** **
tpthrapfs; epiwe;j td;dpapNy tPuu;fSk;
epiwe;jpUe;jdu;. taypy; mupT ntl;b cg;gl;bahfg;
NghLthu;fs;. XupU ehl;fspy; fha;e;jTld; ehd;F
Ie;J cg;gl;bfisr; Nru;j;J khtf;ifahf;fp tay;
tug;G %l;by; fl;lf; fe;jhf itg;ghu;fs;. rpy
ehl;fspd; gpd; fl;lf; fe;Jfisg; gpupj;;J ehd;F
Ie;J khtf;iffis xd;whff; fapw;why; fl;bj;
J}f;fpr; nrd;W ngupa #lhf itg;ghu;fs;.
xNu ,lj;jpy; itj;jhy; jhd; #lbf;f trjpahf
,Uf;Fk;. kiof; fhyq;fspy; #lbf;f KbahJ.
fhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; #lbj;jhy; jhd; J}w;wpg;
gjiug; gpupf;f KbAk;.
vUik khLfshy; #lbj;j fhyj;jpy; ,Jjhd;
eilKiw. fl;lf; fe;Jfisg; gpupj;J #Litg;gJ
xU ngupa Ntiy. ,g;nghOJ ahUk;
nra;tjpy;iy.
Nkhjfj;jpd; tbtpy; ,UgJ ,Ugj;ije;jb
cauk; tiu ngupa #L ,Uf;Fk;.
#L itf;Fk;NghJ ftdkhf Kb $l;l
Ntz;Lk;. Kb rupahf mikahJ Nghdhy;
#l;Lf;Fs; jz;zPu; Ngha;tpLk;.
jz;zPu; Nghdhy; #L nte;J NghFk;. ney;
kbney;yhfp gOjhfptpLk;.
tpij ney;Yf;Fg; gad;glhJ. rhg;ghl;Lf;Fk;
cjthJ.
Kb $l;Ltjw;F nghJthf jpUkzkhfhj
,isQu;fNs Vzpapy; Vwp epw;ghu;fs;.
Vzpapy; filrpj; jbtiu Vwp epd;W filrpg;
gpbf; fjpiuAk; klf;fp NkNy Nghl;Ltpl;lhy; Kb
$l;b Kbe;J tpLk;.
Kb #l;LtJ xU tifahd tPukhf
td;dpapNy fUjg;gl;lJ. Kb $l;Ltjw;F
VzpapNy Vwg;gag;gLk; ,isQu;fis me;j Cu;g;
ngz;fs; jpUkzQ; nra;a tpUk;g khl;lhu;fs;. Kb
$l;Lk; NghJ jg;gpj; jtwp me;j ,isQd; tpOe;J
tpl;lhy;> my;yJ Kb rupe;J tpOe;J tpl;lhy;>
my;yJ #l;Lf;Fs; jz;zPu; Ngha; #L nte;J
Ngha;tpl;lhy; ney; kb ney; Mfptpl;lhy; me;j
,isQDf;F ahUk; ngz;nfhLf;f khl;lhu;fs;.
ve;jg; ngz;Zk; mtidj; jpUkzQ; nra;a
tpUk;ghs;. Cutu;fs; ahtUk; Nru;e;J ‘guj;ij’
Kiwapy; tay; Ntiyfisr; nra;j me;jf;
fhyj;jpy; ahUila taypy; #L itj;jhYk;
fhrpag;G jhd; VzpapNy Vwp Kb $l;Lthu;.
mjdhy; mtUf;F me;j Cupy; jdpkjpg;G ,Ue;jJ.
ey;y fl;Lk];jhd cly;> msthd kPir> mofhd
,isQd;. tk;G Jk;Gtpw;Fg; Nghfhjtu;. RUl;L>
fLjhrp tpisahl;L> rhuhak; vd;W ve;jf; nfl;l
gof;fKk; ,y;yhjtu;. ntw;wpiy kl;Lk;
vg;NghjhtJ NghLthu;.
** ** **
tTdpah efupw;F Nkw;Nf VOiky; njhiytpy;
cs;s gk;igkL vd;w mtuJ fpuhkj;jpy; ,aw;if
tsq;fs;> mjpfk; cz;L;. ghy;> ,iwr;rp> Fsj;J
kPd;> kuf;fwp tiffs;> gotiffs; vd;W vjw;Fk;
Fiwtpy;iy. muprpf;Fg; gQ;rkpy;iy.
ghiyg;gok;> tPiug;gok;> cYtpe;jk;gok;>
eWtpypg;gok;> ehtw;gok;> tpshk;gok;> $ohk;gok;>
gdpr;rk;gok;> vdf; fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; go tiffs;
kpFjpahff; fpilf;Fk;.
Kuypg; gok; kl;Lk; mq;F ,y;iy.
gs;spf;Fr; nry;Yk; gps;isfs; fuk;igg; gok;>
Jlupg;gok;> #iug;gok; vdg; goq;fNshLjhd; tPL
jpUk;Gthu;fs;. Fsj;Jf;Fg; Nghdhy;
fiuahf;fz;zpg;gok;> gdpr;rk;gok;> tpshk;gok;
vdg; gytifg; goq;fs; mq;F fpilf;Fk;.
tl;Lf;fhAk;> gpuz;ilj; jz;Lk;>
nghd;dhq;fhzpf; fPiuAk; Fsj;jpy; Fspj;Jtpl;L
tUk; ngz;fspd; kbfis epiwj;;jpUf;Fk;.
Nriyapdhy; gPypapNy kPid thupf;nfhz;L
tUthu;fs; ngz;fs;. ,Yg;igg; G+f;fhyj;jpy;
6 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

,Yg;igg; G+f;fisg; gpope;J fha;r;rp ghzpahf;fp
itj;jpUg;ghu;fs;.
khupfhyj;jpy; fhiy czTf;F goQ;NrhWk;
vUikj; japUk; ,e;jg; ghzp tiffSk;jhd;
mjpfk; gad;gLk;.
Fsj;J tpuhy; kPd; fUthLk;> gz;bf; fUf;fYk;>
,iwr;rp tj;jYk; ,y;yhj tPLfisf;
fhzKbahJ.
nff;fupf;fha;> ePj;Jg; G+rzpf;fha;> rhj;Jg;
G+rzpf;fha;> jPd;gpyhf;fha; tPLfspy; Fiwtpd;wpf;
fplf;Fk;.
** ** **
Ig;grp> fhu;j;jpif khjq;fspy; fhl;bNy
cYtpe;ij gOf;fj; njhlq;fptpLk;.
Ke;jpupifg; gok;Nghy Fdl;Lf; Fdl;lhf
(Fiy Fiyahf) tPiug; goj;jpd; mstpy;
cYtpe;jk; goq;fs; gOj;Jj; njhq;Fk;. kpf kpf
mofhd fhl;rp mJ.
cYtpe;jk; goq;fisAk; gpope;J fha;r;rp
ghzpahf vLj;Jg; gyehl;fs; itj;Jg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
ey;y Ritahf ,Uf;Fk;.
xU Ig;grp khjk;. Cu;g; ngz;fs; rpyu;>
rpWtu;fs;. rpy ,isQu;fs;> ngupatu;fs; vd
,Ugj;ije;J Kg;gJ Ngu; tiuapy; flfg;
ngl;bfisAk; nfhz;L cYtpe;jk; gok; gpLq;fr;
nrd;wdu;.
gk;igkLf; Fsf;fl;by; ele;J nrd;W fypq;iff;
fle;J fhg;gpypfs; Fopntl;bj; jq;fpapUe;j bg;Nghg;
ghij topNa miyfiuf; fhl;Lf;Fs; Eioe;jdu;.
cYtpe;ij kuk; ngupa kuky;y. rpW nrbjhd;.
ePl;Lj; jbfs; nfhz;l rpW kuk;.
cYtpe;jk; tupr;Rf;fis (ePl;Lj; jbfs;)
tPLfl;l> Fby;
mikf;f gad;
gLj;Jtu;.
ey;y cWjpahd
ngyg;ghd cY
tpe;jk; tupr;RfSf;F
Cupy; ey;y gad;ghL
cz;L.
ngupa kuq;fs;
cs;s Nrhiyf;
fhl;bNyjhd; cYtpe;j
kuq;fs; tsUk;.
Ks;S kuq;fs;
nrbfs; nfhz;l
fuk;igf; fhl;by; mJ
tsuhJ.
mjdhy; ntWq;
fhNyhL fhl;Lf;Fr;
nry;gtu;fSf;F
Ks;Sf;Fj;j
tha;g;gpy;iy.
nky;ypa cYtpe;je; jbfis tisj;J
Fdl;Lf; Fdl;lhf cYtpe;jk; goq;fisg; gpLq;fp
ngl;bfspy; NghLthu;fs;. epyj;jpNy fplf;Fk; ,iy
Fior; rUFfSf;Fs; jpUePy fz;lk; vdg;gLk;.
xU tif tp\ ml;il fple;J rpyUf;Ff;
fbj;jpUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ahUk; rhftpy;iy. tp\fb
itj;jpau; me;j Cupy; ,Ue;jhu;.
tp\g; ghk;Gfs; ahUf;Fk; fbj;jjpy;iy.
jpirg; G+z;by; kpjpj;J jpirnjupahJ fhl;by;
nrd;wtu;fs; $f;Fuy; vOk;gp kw;wtu;fNshL
Nru;e;J nfhz;ldu;. khd; mju; topNa epd;W
nfhz;L rpWtu;fs; MSf;fhs; cYtpe;jk;
goq;fis vwpe;J tpisahbf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
rpy;tz;bd; uPq;fhu ,d;dpir.
ey;y epow; FOik.
re;Njh\khfg; gok; gpLq;fpg; ngl;bfis
epiwj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
cYtpe;jk; goq;fis tpUk;gpr; rhg;gpLk;
kpUfq;fs; ,uz;L. xd;W gd;wp. kw;wJ fub.
cYtpe;jk; gof; fhyj;jpYk; ghiyg;
gof;fhyj;jpYk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; nea; mjpf
kpUf;Fk;.
me;jf; nfhOg;G nea;apNyNa gd;wp
,iwr;rpiaf; fUf;fyhk;. fubf;F cYtpe;jk; gok;
vd;why; ngU tpUg;G.
md;W kj;jpahdk; fle;J tpl;lJ.
fhl;by; Neuk; NghdNj njupatpy;iy.
INah! INah! vd;W rpW gps;isapd; fjwy;
rj;jk; Nghd;W rj;jk; Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaJ.
“,J fubr; rj;je;jhd;. ftdk;. ,dpf;fhZk;
Nwhl;Lf;Fg; Nghtk;” vd;whs; xUj;jp.
rj;jk; kpfkpf mz;kpj;jJ.
vy;NyhUk;
ngl;bfisj;
jiyapy; J}f;fpf;
nfhz;L tpiuthf
ntl;ilf;F
(ntspahd ,lk;)
te;jdu;.
ahUk; vjpu;ghuhj
Neuj;jpy; xU
fzg;nghOJf;Fs;
jpBnudg; gha;e;jJ
fub.
nghd;dk;kh
“ f l T N s !
mk;khshr;rp!
GJf;Fsj;J taputh!”
vd;W mywpagb fPNo
tpOe;jhs;.
jiyapypUe;j
cYtpe;jk;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 7

gog;ngl;b ftpo;e;J rpjwpaJ. fubf;Fk;
nghd;dk;khTf;Fk; ,ilapy; gha;e;jhu; fhrpau;.
“nghd;dk;kh! nghd;dk;kh!” vd;W fj;jpagb
fhrpau; fubiag; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
nghd;dk;kh Guz;L vOe;J Xb ntl;l
ntspf;Fr; nrd;W tpl;lhu;.
“XLq;Nfh! XLq;Nfh!”
vd;W fj;jpagb fhrpau; fubapd; Kd;dq;fhy;fs;
,uz;ilAk; nfl;bahfg; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
“XLq;Nfh! XLq;Nfh! vy;yhUk; XLq;Nfh”
fhrpau; fj;jpr; rj;jkpl;lgb jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;jhu;.
fub Cd;wpapUe;j ,uz;L fhy;fisAk; J}f;fpg;
gha;e;J fhrpaupd; tapw;wpy; fl;bg; gpbj;Jf;
nfhz;lJ.
fhrpaupd; clk;G KOtJk; fubapd; fhy;
efq;fs; fpope;J ,uj;jk; tbe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
mtUf;F vg;gb mt;tsT Jzpr;rYk; gyKk;
te;jNjh njupahJ. fubia ,Oj;Jj; J}f;fp vwpe;J
tpl;lhu;.
fub fPNo tpOe;J fplf;f> clk;G KOtJk; ,uj;j
thwhf fhrpau; epw;f> fhl;by; epd;w ahtUk;
“ma;Nah! ma;Nah!” vd;W mywpagb njUTf;F
te;jdu;.
tpOe;j fple;j fub jpBnudg; gha;e;jJ.
fhrpaiu Nehf;fpay;y.
xU vl;L xd;gJ taJ kjpf;fj; jf;f rpWkpiaf;
Fwpitj;Jg; gha;e;jJ.
fhrpau; me;jr; rpWkpiaf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhff;
FWf;Nf gha;e;jhu;.
fub rpWkpiag; gpbg;gjw;Fs; fubapd;
Kd;dq;fhy;fs; ,uz;ilAk; gpbf;f Kad;whu;.
gpb jtwp tpl;lJ. xU fhiy kl;Lk;jhd; gpbf;f
Kbe;jJ. kw;wf; fhypypUe;j efj;jpdhy; fhrpaupd;
fz;izj; Njhz;b vLj;jJ fub.
tyJ fz;zpypUe;J ,uj;jk; topa fubapd;
me;jf; fhiyAk; xUthW gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L
fubNahL fl;bg; Guz;lhu;.
“ituth! mk;khshr;rp!...” vd;W ahtUk;
rj;jkpl;Lf; fj;jj; njhlq;fptpl;ldu;.
fub fhrpaupd; clk;G KOtJk; efq;fshy;
fpopj;J tpl;lJ. ntWk; NkNyhL epd;w fhrpaiug;
ghu;f;fg; gakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,uj;jk; cly; KOtJk;
tope;jJ.
fubapd; gpbapypUe;J xUthW jg;gpj;J vOe;j
fhrpau; kPz;Lk; fub jd;id Nehf;fpg; ghAk; NghJ
fubapd; Kd;dq;fhy;fs; ,uz;ilAk; ftdkhfg;
gpbj;J xU fzg; nghOJf;Fs; xNu Rw;whfr; Rw;wpr;
Row;wpj; J}f;fp vwpe;jhu;.
J}uj;jpy; tpOe;j fub jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;fhky;
mywpagb Xlj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ.
nghd;dk;kh Xbte;J jdJ Nriyiaf;
fpopj;Jf; fhrpaupd; fz;Zf;Ff; fl;Lg;
Nghl;lhu;.
fisj;Jg; Ngha; epd;w fhrpaUf;Fj; jz;zPu;
nfhLj;J clk;gpy; tbe;j ,uj;jj;ijj;
Jilj;jdu;.
tPLtiu ele;J te;J Nru;e;jdu;.
tz;by; fl;b tTdpah efupypUe;j itj;jpa
rhiyf;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;wdu;.
fhrpaupd; tyJ fz; gwpNghdJ. ntWk; ,ik
kl;Lk; fz;Jthuj;ij %bagb rupnra;ag;gl;lJ.
** ** **
fhrpag;GTk; ngj;jhTk; jpz;izapy;
,Ue;jNghJ me;j tPl;Lf;F te;jhd; xU
,uhZtd;. ,uhZt tPud; vd;W nrhy;y vdf;F
tpUg;gkpy;iy.
rw;Wj; J}uj;jpy; epd;wgb
“mNlh! mNlh! ... Inld;wp Inld;wp...” vd;W
mjl;b milahs ml;iliaf; Nfl;lhd;.
fhrpag;G mjpu;e;J Nghdhu;.
mtiug; ghu;j;J “mNlh!” vd;W ahUk;
,Jtiuapy; mioj;jij mtuJ fhJfs;
Nfl;ftpy;iy.
jdJ Ngug;gps;isapd; taJ $l ,y;yhj me;j
,uhZtd; jd;idg; ghu;j;J jdJ tPl;L
Kw;wj;jpy; epd;W nfhz;L “mNlh!” vd;W $g;gpl;lJ
mtUf;F kpFe;j Nfhgj;ijAk; mtkhdj;ijAk;
nfhLj;jJ.
me;jj; js;shj tajpYk; vOe;J nrd;W
mtidg; gpbj;Jj; J}f;fp tsTf;F ntspNa
vwpaNtz;Lk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ mtUf;F.
mtdplk; Jg;ghf;fp kl;Lk; ,y;yhkypUe;jhy;
rpyNtis fhrpag;G nra;Jk; ,Ug;ghu;.
mjw;Fupa JzpTk; gyKk; mtUf;F
mg;nghOJk; ,Ue;jJ. mtu; rhg;gpl;l rPdl;b muprpr;
NrhWk;. gd;wpf; fUf;fYk;> vUikj; japUk; mtuJ
cliy kpf MNuhf;fpakhfNt itj;jpUe;jd.
ve;j NehAk; ,y;yhj ituk; gha;e;j cly;
mtuJ cly;. Mdhy;... mtuJ taJf;Fupa mwpT
czu;it mlf;fpaJ. ngj;jh vOe;J nrd;W
,UtuJ milahs ml;ilfisAk; vLj;J
te;jhu;.
jdJ milahs ml;ilia itj;Jf; nfhz;L
fhrpag;Gtpd; milahs ml;ilia mtuplk;
nfhLj;jhu;.
fhrpag;G jpz;izapy; ,Ue;jgb milahs
ml;ilia ePl;bdhu;.
mtUf;Fk; td;dpj; jpkpu;. vOe;J nrd;W
milahs ml;iliaf; fhl;l tpUg;gkpy;iy.
J}uj;jpy; epd;w ,uhZtd;
“mNlh! vOk;gp tNuyhJ...” vd;W Vrpdhd;.
fhrpag;GTf;F clk;G Nfhgj;jhy; eLq;fj;
njhlq;fptpl;lJ. mtd; mg;gbf; $g;gpl;lij NtW
ahuhtJ Nfl;Ltpl;lhy;... vd;w jd;khd czu;tpy;
mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; ghu;j;jhu;. ahUk; ,y;iy.
8 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

ngj;jhtpd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;jhu;. jiy
ftpo;e;jhu;.
ngj;jhtpw;F mtupd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;f;ff;
ftiyahf ,Ue;jJ. ngj;jh nrd;W jd; milahs
ml;iliaf; fhl;bdhu;. mijg; ghu;j;jgb mtd;
VNjh nrhd;dhd;. mtUf;F xd;Wk;
tpsq;ftpy;iy.
fhrpag;GTk; milahs ml;ilNahL nrd;W
mtDf;Fj; jd; milahs ml;ilia ePl;bdhu;.
mtuJ clk;G Jbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
jdJ tPl;L Kw;wj;jpy; jdJ milahsj;ij
xU me;epaDf;F ep&gpg;gijg; Nghd;w
mtkhdj;Jf;F epfu; NtnwJTkpy;iy vd;W mtu;
epidj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
itutu; Nfhtpy; G+rhup vd;whNy ahtUf;Fk;
xU kupahijAk; gaKk; ,ay;ghfNt Vw;gLk;.
mk;khs; Nfhapypy; G+ir nra;Ak; NghJ
mtupNy mk;khs; te;Jtpl cU Vwp MLthu;.
thf;Fr; nrhy;thu;. jpUePW NghLthu;. jz;zPu;
Xjp mbg;ghu;. gpuNjr rigapd; jiytuhf ,Ue;J
ngUkjpg;Gg; ngw;wtu;. murhq;f mjpfhupfs; me;j
CUf;F te;J $l;lk; itj;jhy; mtu; nrhy;tij
kpfTk; ftdkhff; Nfl;ghu;fs;. ifapypUe;j
milahs ml;ilia ePl;baNghJ mJ jtwp
mtdJ> fhybapy; tpOe;J tpl;lJ.
“mNlh! vd;d fPo; NghLwJ vLlh.”
miuFiwf; nfhr;irj; jkpopy; nrhd;dhd;
mtd;.
NtW topapd;wp Fdpe;J mtdJ fhybapy;
tpOe;J fple;j milahs ml;ilia vLj;J
mtdplk; nfhLj;jhu;. mtd; mijg; Gul;bg; Gul;bg;
ghu;j;jhd;.
“NtYg;gps;is” vd;whd;.
“fhrpg;gps;is” vd;whu; mtu;.
** ** **
md;ghh;e;j md;ghh;e;j thrf thrf neQ;rq;fNs
neQ;rq;fNs
neQ;rq;fNs
tzf;fk;
tzf;fk;
Qhdk; rQ;rpif gjpndhU Mz;Lfis epiwT nra;j epiyapy;> ,r;rQ;rpifia ntspapLtjpy; jw;NghJ
Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; neUf;fbfis thrf md;gh;fSf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;jj;jpw;F MshfpapUf;fpNwhk;.
jw;NghJ Qhdk; rQ;rpif xd;wpw;fhd mr;Rr; nryT &gh 85/= MfpwJ. MdhYk; tpw;gid tpiyahf ehk; &gh
65/= vdf; Fwpj;Js;Nshk;. ,jw;FNky; tpiyNaw;wpdhy; rhjhuz thrfDf;F mJ RikahfptpLk;. rfyuhYk;
thq;ff;$ba tpiyeph;zaj;ijNa ehk; njhlh;e;Jk; Ngz tpUk;GfpNwhk;. mr;Rr; nrytpd; Fiwepug;ghf
tpsk;gujhuh;fsplj;jpypUe;Jk;> eyd; tpUk;gpfsplj;jpypUe;Jk; ehk; gzj;ijg; ngwNtz;ba epiyapy; cs;Nshk;.
NkYk;> murhq;fj;jhy; rkPg fhyq;fspy; jghw; nryT mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 10 Qhdk; ,jo;fs; nfhz;l xU
ghh;riy ntspkhtl;lq;fspy; cs;s xU KftUf;F mDg;Gtjw;F &gh 170/= nrythfpwJ. mjhtJ xU
Qhdj;jpid KftUf;F mDg;g nryT &gh 17/-. ,ijtpl KftUf;F tpw;gidf; fopT 20%
nfhLf;fNtz;bAs;sJ. tpw;gidahfhj ,jo;fis Kfth; jpUg;gpj;jUthuhdhy; mJ ghhpa el;lj;jpid vkf;F
Vw;gLj;jptpLfpwJ.
vdNt [dthp 2012y; ,Ue;J ntspkhtl;l Kfth;fSf;F ehk; Qhdj;ij tpw;gidf;F mDg;g Kbahj epiyik
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
mLj;jjhf ntspehl;Lr; re;jhjhuh;fSf;F xU Qhdj;ij mDg;Gtjw;fhd Kj;jpiur; nryTfspd;
mjpfhpg;ig thrfhpd; ghh;itf;Ff; fPNo jUfpNwhk;.
xf;Nlhgh; 2011(Kd;dh;) etk;gh; 2011 (jw;NghJ)
,e;jpah & 45/= &gh 145/=
kNyrpah & 50/= &gh 150/=
mT];jpNuypah & 80/= &gh 215/=
fdlh & 85/= &gh 330/=
nld;khh;f; & 80/= &gh 270/=
gpuhd;]; & 80/= &gh 270/=
If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; & 80/= &gh 270/=
ntspehl;Lf;fhd jghw;nryT Vwj;jho 350% mjpfhpg;G Vw;gl;Ls;sij thrfh;fs; mtjhdpg;ghh;fs;.
jw;NghJs;s vkJ 67 ntspehl;Lr; re;jhjhuh;fSf;F Qhdk; mDg;g rQ;rpifapd; khjhe;jr; nrytpdk; &gh
15>000/= My; $bAs;sJ.
,e;epiyapNyjhd; Qhdk; rQ;rpifia ntspf;nfhzuNtz;bAs;sJ. ,e;j jghw; nryT mjpfhpg;gpdhy;
ntspehl;Lr; re;jhit mjpfhpf;f Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;jk; jtph;f;fKbahjjhfpwJ.
njhlh;e;Jk; Qhdk; rQ;rpif rpwg;ghf ntsptUk;. mjw;fhd thrfh;fspd; xj;Jiog;igg; nghpJk;
Ntz;LfpNwhk;. - Mrphpah;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 9

xU #upad;
el;leL eprpapy; cjpf;Fnkd;W
ek;gpf;if neQ;rpy; tpijj;jpUf;f...
xU mkhthirapy;
ghy; epyh ngsu;zkpf;Fnkd;W
gfy; fdT njhlu;e;jpUf;f...
el;l kukpJTk;
gl;l kunkdj; njupe;Jk;
jspu;f;Fnkd ek;Gk;
Vkhspfsha;
vq;fs; fdTfs; tsu;e;jpUf;f...
miynahUehs;
Xa;e;j gpd;Nd
Fspj;jplNt fhj;jpUf;Fk;
Nfhkhspfsha;
vq;fs; fz;fs; G+j;jpUf;f...
NtypAilj;J
ntspahu; khL te;J
gapnuy;yhk; Nka;e;j gpd;Dk;
kPz;Lk; tpisAnkd
kdf;Nfhl;il FbapUf;f...
G+f;fhj kukpJTk;
fha;f;Fnkd ek;gp
fz;fs; G+j;j gpd;Dk;
fz; tpopj;Jf; fhj;jpUf;f...
rpwfpid tpupg;gjw;Fj;
Njjpghu;j;Jf; fhj;jpUf;f
fdTr; rpwFile;J
jiukPJ tPo;e;Njhk;...
vq;fs; fhy;fs;
jwpf;fg;gLk; tiu -
vq;fs; rpwFfs;
Kwpf;fg;gLk; tiu -
vq;fs; %isfs;
fOtg;gLk; tiu -
vq;fs; thdk;
trkpof;Fk; tiu -
fdTfspy; FbapUe;Njhk;!
mLf;F khspiff;F
Mfhaj;jpy; m];jpthukpl;L
fdTr; rpiwfSf;Fs;
vik ehNk rpiwapl;Nlhk;!
ep[q;fs; vikf; fle;J
neLe;J}uk; nrd;w gpd;Dk;
,d;Dk;... ,d;Dk;...
fdTfspy;... fdTfspy; ehk;!
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Rk;kh Rk;kh Rk;kh Rk;kh Rk;kh nrhy;yg;glhJ..! nrhy;yg;glhJ..! nrhy;yg;glhJ..! nrhy;yg;glhJ..! nrhy;yg;glhJ..! me;j me;j me;j me;j me;j vOj;jhsu; vOj;jhsu; vOj;jhsu; vOj;jhsu; vOj;jhsu;
fij> fij> fij> fij> fij> ftpij> ftpij> ftpij> ftpij> ftpij> fl;Liu fl;Liu fl;Liu fl;Liu fl;Liu vz;L vz;L vz;L vz;L vz;L vf;fr;rf;fkhd
vf;fr;rf;fkhd
vf;fr;rf;fkhd
vf;fr;rf;fkhd
vf;fr;rf;fkhd
Gidngau;fspy; Gidngau;fspy; Gidngau;fspy; Gidngau;fspy; Gidngau;fspy; vOjpf; vOjpf; vOjpf; vOjpf; vOjpf; Ftpf;fpwhNu...
Ftpf;fpwhNu...
Ftpf;fpwhNu...
Ftpf;fpwhNu...
Ftpf;fpwhNu...
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mg;g... mg;g... mg;g... mg;g... mg;g... rupahd rupahd rupahd rupahd rupahd Ngu; Ngu; Ngu; Ngu; Ngu; Mirf;fhwuhf
Mirf;fhwuhf
Mirf;fhwuhf
Mirf;fhwuhf
Mirf;fhwuhf
,Ug;ghu; ,Ug;ghu; ,Ug;ghu; ,Ug;ghu; ,Ug;ghu; Nghy... Nghy... Nghy...
Nghy... Nghy...
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10 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

Qh. ghyr;re;jpud;
(balag.lk@gmail.com)
1 - jpuprq;F epiy
fp.gp.2011Mk; Mz;L - (Ngq;nfhf; - jha;yhe;J)
xf;Nlhgu; khjj;jpy; xU rdpf;fpoik. Neuk;
fhiy 6:35 Ngq;nfhf;fpy; (Bangkok) kio
J}wpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. md;W J}wj;njhlq;fpa
kiojhd; Ngq;nfhf;fpy; 2011y; Vw;gl;l ghupa
nts;s moptpd; njhlf;fk; vd;gij ehd; gpd;du;
czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;. fk;Nghbahitg; gw;wpf;
$whky; jha;yhe;jpd; (Thailand) jiyefu;
Ngq;nfhf;ifg; gw;wpf;$WfpNwNd vd cq;fs;
GUtq;fisr; Ropg;gJ GupfpwJ. cyf
tiuglj;jpNy fk;Nghbahtpd; miktplj;ijg;
ghu;j;jPu;fNsahdhy; ehd; Ngq;nfhf;fpy;
,j;njhliuj; njhlq;fpa fhuzj;ij
Cfpj;jpUf;fyhk;.
fk;Nghbah (Cambodia) ehL njd;fpof;fhrpahtpy;
mike;Js;sJ. %d;W Gwq;fspNy jha;yhe;J>
yhx]; (Laos) tpal;dhk; (Vietnam) Mfpa
ehLfspdhy; epyj;jpdhYk;> njd;gFjp flypdhYk;
R+og;gl;l ,aw;iftsk; epiwe;j ehL.
,Jjhd; vd; kidtpf;F Kjy; ntspehl;Lg;
gaz mEgtk;. ,yq;ifapd; gz;lhuehaf;f
tpkhd epiyaj;jpypUe;J jha;yhe;jpd; Rtu;zG+kp
(Suvarnabhumi) tpkhd epiyaj;jpw;F> mtis
tpkhdj;jpy; $l;b te;jpUe;Njd;. xU ehl;bypUe;J
,d;ndhU ehl;bw;F epyk; topahf gazpf;Fk;
mEgtj;ij ,d;Wtiu ,yq;if mtSf;Ff;
nfhLf;ftpy;iy! MfNt fk;Nghbahtpw;F
tpkhdj;jpy; nry;yhky;> jha;yhe;jpypUe;J epyk;
topahf nry;tjw;fhd xOq;Ffisr;
nra;jpUe;Njd;. gazr; nryitg; gyklq;fpdhy;
Fiwg;gJk; ,jd; kiwKf Nehf;fkhFk;!
“mbNa...... Nyl; MFJ...”
md;gpNy ehd; mtis miog;gJ ‘mbNa’
vd;Wjhd;. ,ijAzu;e;j vd;kidtp gjl;lk;
fhl;bajhfj; njupatpy;iy.
gaz ,yf;fpak;
(fk;Nghba gaz mEgtq;fs;)
“Xkg;gh.... ehd; nub” vd;W jiyKbiar;
rPtpf;nfhz;Nl gjpyspj;jhs;! ‘Neuj;jpw;F
,aq;Fgtd;’ vd vd; ez;gu;fs; kj;jpapy; ngau;
ngw;wpUe;j ehd;> jpUkzj;jpd;gpd; mk;kjpg;ig
,of;fj;njhlq;fpNdd;. kfd; gpwe;jgpd;
mg;gbnahU $W vdf;fpUe;jijNa ez;gu;fs;
kwe;Jtpl;lhu;fs;. ,g;nghOnjy;yhk; Gwg;gLk;
Neuj;ij> miukzpNeuNkh xUkzpNeuNkh
,ilntspitj;Jf; $wptUfpNwd;.
md;W$l 7:00 kzpf;Fg; Gwg;glNtz;ba
Neuj;ij 6:30 vd;W kidtpaplk;
$wpapUe;Njd;. ehd; nra;Ak; ,f; ‘nfl;bf;fhu’r;
nraiyAk; mts; czuj; njhlq;fpapUf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
6:45
KJfpy; nfhSTk; igfis MSf;nfhd;whf
ehDk; kidtpAk; nfhStpf;nfhz;Nlhk;. 20
khjq;fs; G+u;jpahfpa kfid> kidtp J}f;fpf;
nfhz;lhs;. cUl;b nfhz;Lnry;yf;$ba ,U
ngupa nghjpfis ehd; cUl;lj; njhlq;fpNdd;.
ehk; jq;fpapUe;j tpLjp miwia %btpl;L>
tpLjpapd; Kd;Gwj;ij Nehf;fp ele;Njhk;.
tpLjpapd; thapiy mile;jTld; mq;F
epd;Wnfhz;bUe;j xUtu; vk;ik mZfpdhu;.
mZfpatUf;F jha;yhe;jpy; cs;stu;fisg;
Nghd;w Kfj;Njhw;wk; ,Ug;gpDk;> mtupd; cauk;
MW mbfSf;F Nkyhf ,Ue;jJ.
“= yq;fh?” vd;W tpdhtpathW jd;
ifj;njhiyNgrpia vd;dplk; fhl;bdhu;. mjpy;
vd; ngau;> flTr;rPl;L (Passport) tpguq;fs; njupe;jd.
jd;ngau; rpk;nghf; (Simpok) vd;Wk; jhd;jhd;
ek;ik mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; fhu; Xl;Leu; vd;Wk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhu;.
7 kzpf;F tuNtz;batu; 10 epkplq;fSf;F
Kd;Ng te;jJ vdf;Fj; jpUg;jpiaj; je;jJ.
miwr; rhtpia ifaspj;Jtpl;L Kw;gzkhf
itg;Gr; nra;jpUe;j 1000 ghl; (ThailandBaht)
gzj;ij tpLjp mYtyfuplkpUe;J kPz;Lk;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. me;j tpLjpapy; ehk;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 11

miwiag; ngWk;NghJ 1000 ghl; (3000/=)
gzj;ij Kw;gzkhfg; (Deposit) ngWtJ
mtu;fspd; tof;fk;. ehk; VjhtJ nghUs;fis
cilj;jhy; me;jg;; gzj;jpypUe;J mtu;fs;
fopj;Jf;nfhs;thu;fs;. 1000 ghl;I jpUg;gpj; je;jJ
kidaptpd; Kfj;jpNy jpUg;jpiaj; je;jJ. kfd;
miwapYs;s njhiyNgrpapd; ‘taiu’g; gpa;j;Jr;
Nrjg;gLj;jpaij mtu;fs; ftdpj;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
vk;ik cs;thq;fpf;nfhz;L me;jf; fhu;
fk;Nghbah Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;lJ.
kio ngUf;fj; njhlq;fpapUe;jJ.
* * * * *
fp.gp.1185Mk; fp.gp.1185Mk; fp.gp.1185Mk; Mz;L Mz;L - - mEuhjGuk; mEuhjGuk; (,yq;if)
(,yq;if)
jhj;jhtpd; tyJ ifiag; gpbj;j tz;zk;
me;jr; rpWtd; jd;Kd;dhy; tp];t&gkhf
tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; fl;blj;ijg; ghu;j;jhd;. mtd;
tpopfspy; gpukpg;Gj; njupe;jJ. ngupatNuh
ngUkpjj;Jld; jk;Kd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; N[jtduhk
(Jetavanaramaya) tpfhiuiag; ghu;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
“jhj;jh ,e;j tpfhiuia vg;NghJ
fl;bdhu;fs;?”
“800 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; 3Mk; E}w;whz;by;
tho;e;j cd; Kd;Ndhupy; xUtuhd kfhNrd(d;)
kd;du; (fp.gp. 275-301) ,ijf; fl;bdhu;. mg;NghJ
,e;efuk; jiyefuhf ,Ue;jJ” [1-01].
“,g;nghOJ ePq;fs; Vd; Gyj;jp (jw;nghOJ -
nghyd;dWit) efupypUe;J murhs;fpwPu;fs;?”
,yq;if kd;du; kfh guhf;fpukghF
(Parakramabahu 1 - fp.gp. 1153-1186)> Ngudpd; Nfs;tpia
nghUl;gLj;jpajhfj; Njhd;wtpy;iy. mtu;
gpwpnjhU Nfs;tpiar; rpWtdplk; Nfl;lhu;.
“,jd; cauk; vd;dntd;W cj;Njrpf;fpwha;?”
“......”
“Rkhuhf 400 mbfs;. ,d;W cyfj;jpYs;s
midj;J rka topghl;Lj; jyq;fspYk;
caukhdJ ,Jjhd;”
,ijf;Nfl;l rpWtd; NkYk; gpukpj;Jg;
Nghdhd;. rpWtd; kd;diug; ghu;j;Jtpl;L kPz;Lk;
N[jtduhk tpfhiuiag; ghu;j;jhd;. ,g;nghOJ
mtdJ ghu;itapy; kjpg;Gk; ngUkpjKk;
fye;Jnfhz;ld.
“,J ek; FUehju; $wpa vfpg;J ehl;L gpukpl;
rpd;dj;ijtpl caukhdjh jhj;jh?”
fw;w tplaj;ij cupa jUzj;jpy; ,izj;Jg;
ghu;f;Fk; jd; Ngudpd; Mw;wiyf; fz;L
mfkfpo;e;jhu; guhf;fpukghF kd;du;.
“,y;iy> me;j mbg;gilapy; ghu;j;jhNa
ahdhy;> ,d;W cyfj;jpYs;s caukhd
fl;blq;fspy; ,J %d;whk; ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ
[1-02]. cd; FUehju; $wpa fP\htpYs;s gpukpl;
(Giza-Egypt) 481 mbfSld; Kjyhk; ,lj;ijAk;>
ghNuh]; jPtpYs;s (Pharos-Alexandria-Egypt)
fyq;fiu tpsf;fk; 420 mbfSld; ,uz;lhk;
,lj;ijAk; tfpf;fpd;wd.”
,UtUk; tpfhiuapd; thapypy; mike;Js;s
Gj;jgfthd; rpiyapd;Kd; jhq;fs; nfhz;Lte;j
jhkiu kyu;fis itj;J tzq;fpdhu;fs;.
“jhj;jh cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa Gj;j gfthd;
rpiy vq;Fs;sJ?”
“rPdhtpy; (Leshan Giant Buddha) fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mku;e;j epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; mr;rpiyapd; cauk;
233 mbfs;. ,w;iwf;F 350 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du;
9Mk; E}w;whz;by; fl;bAs;shu;fshk;”
“ek; N[jtduhk tpfhiuapd; cauj;jpd;
miuthrpapYk; rw;W $baJ vd;W $Wq;fs;...”
guhf;fpukghF nky;ypajhfg; Gd;difj;J
tpl;Lf; $wpdhu;>
“mijAk; ,ijAk; xg;gplKbahJ NguNd.
mr;rpiyapd; gpukhz;lj;ij ehd; ghu;j;jjpy;iy.
xU fz; GUtj;jpd; ePsk; 18 mbfs; vd;W
ghu;j;jtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;” [1-03]
“jhj;jh> cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa topghl;Lj;jyk;
vq;fs; N[jtduhk tpfhiu. ,jdUfpy;
cyfj;jpd; ngupa Gj;jgfthd; rpiy
mike;jhyy;yNth nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;...”
guhf;fpughF kd;du; rpupj;jhu;.
“ehd; N[jtduhk tpfhiuia cyfj;jpNyNa
ngupa topghl;Lj;jyk; vd;W $wtpy;iyNa.
cyfj;jpNyNa mjp$ba cauj;ijf; nfhz;l
topghl;Lj;jyk; vd;Wjhd; $wpNdd;”
rpWtd; JZf;Fw;whd;.
“Mdhy;> cyfj;jpy; nrq;fy; nfhz;L ];jhgpj;j
fl;blq;fspy; ngupa fl;blkhf N[jtduhk tpfhiu
vd;nwd;Wk; jpfOk; vd;W vd; cs;kdJ
nrhy;fpd;wJ.” vjpu;fhyj;ij mwpe;jtu;Nghy;
guhf;fpukghF kd;du; $wpdhu;. [1-03]
“mg;gbahdhy; cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa>
ngsj;jkj topghl;Lj; jyk; vJ?”
“8k; E}w;whz;by; fl;lg;gl;l [hth jPtpYs;s
nghugJ}u;” (Borobudur -Java-Indonesia) [1-04]
rpWtdpd; Kfk; thbtpl;lJ. mg;ghf;fpaj;ijg;
jdJehL ngwtpy;iyNa vd;W mwpe;jTld;
mtdpy; ghAk; murFy ,uj;jk; ftiyiaf;
nfhLj;jJ.
“vy;yhr; rkaq;fisAk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;>
vJ jhj;jh cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa topghl;Lj;
jyk;?”
“fk;Ngh[tpYs;s (Cambodia) mq;Nfhu;
(Angkor). rpy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; nfku;
rhk;uh[ (Khmer Empire) kd;dd; ,uz;lhk;
R+upatu;kdhy; (Suryavarman II-fp.gp. 1113-1150)
fl;lg;gl;lJ” [1-05]
“ve;j rkaj;jpw;FupaJ?”
“jw;nghOJ (?) ,e;Jrkak;”
“jw;nghOnjd;why;......!”
“.....”
12 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

,UtUf;Fkpilapy; ePz;lnjhU mikjp
epytpaJ.
“jhj;jh... ePq;fs; mq;Nfhiug; ghu;j;jpUf;
;fpd;wPu;fsh?”
“,y;iy. cd;Dila ngupa jhahu; xUtu;
mq;Fs;shu;. mtu; vdf;Fg; gy jlitfs;
mq;Nfhiug;gw;wp XiyaDg;gpAs;shu;.”
FUehju; fw;gpj;j tuyhW rpWtdpd; kdf;
fz;Kd; tpupe;jJ.
,w;iwf;F 20 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;
guhf;fpukghF kd;du; ,yq;if ,sturp
xUj;jpia fk;Ngh[ kd;dDf;F kztpid
Nehf;NfhL fg;gypy; mDg;gp itj;jhu;. gu;kpa
(Burma - Myanmar) myTq;]pj;J kd;dd;
(Alaungsithu fp.gp.1113-1167) mt;tpsturpiar;
rpiwgpbj;J tpl;lhd;. Nfhgk;nfhz;l guhf;fpukghF
kd;du; jd; jsgjpfshd Mjpj;jd;> fPu;j;jp
MfpNahiu jiyik jhq;fitj;J gu;kh ehl;Lld;
Nghu; njhLj;jhu;. gu;khtpd; FRkpj;
JiwKfj;jpYk; ghg`yj; JiwKfj;jpYk;
,yq;ifg; gilfs; jiuapwq;fp NghupNy gu;kh
kd;didf; nfhd;whu;fs;. ,J rk;ge;jkhf
,yq;ifapYs;s Njtdfyf; fy;ntl;bYk;
Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. [1-06]
me;j ,sturpjhd;> jhj;jh Fwpg;gpLk; jdJ
ngupa jhahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd rpWtd;
vz;zpf;nfhz;lhd;. ,e;j tuyhw;iw
cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhf mtd; guhf;fpukghF
kd;diu Nehf;fp “jhj;jh...” vd;whd;.
kd;ddpd;; nrtpfspy; Ngudpd; miog;G
tpOe;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. mtu; Mo;e;j
rpe;jidapy; %o;fptpl;lhu;. rpWtdhy; jd;
re;Njfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
mtDk; rpe;jidapy; Mo;e;jhd;. jhd; kd;ddhfp
cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa topghl;Lj; jyj;ij
,yq;ifapNy fl;LNtd; vd vz;zpf;
nfhz;lhd;.
Mdhy; fhyk; ,lkspf;ftpy;iy. Kjyhk;
kfhguhf;fpukghF kd;ddpw;Fg; gpd;du;
,yq;ifapd; murhl;rpNah murpaNyh (!) vd;WNk
rpwg;ghdjhf mikatpy;iy.
* * * * * *
fp.gp.1185Mk; fp.gp.1185Mk; Mz;L Mz;L - (,e;jpah)
(,e;jpah)
FNyhj;Jq;fdpd; (3Mk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; - fp.gp.
1178-1218) Kfk; thbapUe;jJ. kd;ddpd;
Jauj;ij mDrupj;J mur rigapYk; mikjp
Mf;fpukpj;jpUe;jJ. nra;jp nfhz;Lte;j xw;wd;
mitapd; eLNt epd;Wnfhz;bUe;jhd;.
fk;Ngh[tpypUe;J jkpofk; Nehf;fpa> ePz;l J}ug;
gazj;jpd; fisg;G mtd; Kfj;jpy;
Fbnfhz;bUe;jJ. kd;dd; mtidr; nry;YkhW
ifairj;jhd;.
“kd;dh> ,J fhyj;jpd; epajp. jw;nghOJ
cd;dhy; ,jw;F xd;Wk; nra;a KbahJ.” mEgtk;
epiwe;j FUehju; FNyhj;Jq;fidg; ghu;j;Jf;
$wpdhu;.
“FUehjNu> tp\;Z Nfhapyhd ‘mq;Nfhu;’
Nfhapypy; Gj;jupd; rpiyfis itf;f vt;thW
fk;Ngh[ kf;fs; Mjupj;jhu;fs;?” FNyhj;Jq;fd;
jd; Mjq;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpdhd;.
FUehju; jd; ,Uf;ifapypUe;J vOe;J
cyhtpatz;zk; $wpdhu;. “[atu;kd;
(Jayavarman VI1 - fp.gp. 1181-1219) ngsj;j kjj;ijg;
ngupJk; Mjupj;J tUfpwhd;. jw;NghJ ‘NgNahd;’
(Bayon) vDk; ngupa ngsj;jkjf; Nfhapiyf;
fl;Lfpd;whdhk;. kd;dd; vt;topNah kf;fSk;
mt;topNa...”
kd;dd; jd; Mjq;fj;ijj; njhlu;e;jhd;.
“,e;jpahtpy; jQ;irg; ngUq;Nfhapy; (Thanjavur -
Brihadeeswarar Temple)> fk;Ngh[tpy; mq;Nfhu;
(Cambodia - Angkor Wat)> [hthtpy; rptfpu`h (Java-
Indonesia- Shive-Grha - Prambanan Temple) vDk; ngupa
,e;J rkaf; Nfhapy;fshy; ,e;J rkak;
gue;jpUf;fpd;wJ. fk;Ngh[tpy;> jw;NghJ [atu;kd;
ngsj;jj;ij Mjupg;gJ ftiyiaj; jUfpd;wJ
FUehjNu”
“[hth jPtpYs;s rptd;Nfhapy;
Fwpg;gpLkstpw;F ngupa Nfhapyh?” jiyikg;
gilj;jsgjp tpag;Gld; tpdtpdhu;.
FUehju; mjw;F tpil $wpdhu;.
“Mk; jsgjpahNu. vk; ,uh[uh[ Nrhog; Nguuru;
jQ;irg; ngUq;Nfhapiyf; fl;Lk; Kd;Ng 9k;
E}w;whz;by;> fUq;fy;ypyhd ngupa
Nfhtpnyhd;iw rptDf;F [hth jPtpy; fl;btpl;
;lhu;fs;. ,jd; cauk; mz;;zsthf 155 mbfs;.
gpd;du; 10k; E}w;whz;by; vk; ,uh[uh[u; 216 mbfs;
caukhd tpkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l jQ;irg;
ngUq;Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhu;” [1-07]
“fk;Ngh[tpYs;s mq;Nfhupd; caunkd;d
FUehjNu?” kd;dd; ,ilkwpj;Jf; Nfl;lhd;.
“mq;Nfhu; Nfhapypd; tpkhdj;jpd; cauk; 213 mb>
jQ;ir Nfhapiytpl 3 mb FiwTjhd;. Mdhy;....”
“Mdhy;?!”
“epyj;jpypUe;J ghuj;;NjhNkahdhy; cauk;
nkhj;jk; 700 mb. %d;W jl;Lfshf
fl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhk;. cauj;ijtpl mjd; gpukhz;
lk; kpf kpf msg;gupajhk;.”
“muNr> ehk; fk;Ngh[ kPJ gilnaLj;jhy;
vd;d?” jsgjp Mu;tj;Jld; Nfl;lhu;.
FUehju; jsgjpia ghu;itahy; mlf;fpdhu;.
“vkf;Fk; fk;Ngh[ ehl;bf;Fk; RKfkhd cwT
,Ue;Jte;Js;sJ jsgjpahNu. Kjyhk;
FNyhj;Jq;fd; (fp.gp. 1070- 1120) jpy;iyr;
rpjk;guk; Nfhapiyg; ngUg;gpj;J Gjpg;gpf;Fk;NghJ>
‘mq;Nfhu;’ Nfhapiyf; fl;ba ,uz;lhk; R+upatu;kd;
(fp.gp.1113-1150) fk;Ngh[tpypUe;J fupaepw
fy;nyhw;wpidg; guprhf mDg;gpapUe;jhd;. ,t;
tpNdhjkhd gupirf; fz;l FNyhJq;fd;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 13

mijAk; ghtpj;J Nfhapiyf; fl;bdhd;. fk;Ngh[
kd;ddpd; Cf;Ftpg;ig kjpf;Fk; Kfkhf
NfhapypYs;s mf;fy;ypNy fk;Ngh[ kd;dd;
mDg;gpajhf nghwpj;Jk; cs;shd;” [1-09]
ePz;lnjhU mikjp kPz;Lk; me;j mur
rigiag; nfstpf;nfhz;lJ.
“vkJ Nrho ,uhr;rpaj;ij Kd;du; Nghd;W>
ghupa rhk;uhr;rpakhf tpupthf;fNtz;Lk;
FUehjNu” vd;whd; kd;dd;.
FUehju; mikjp fhj;jhu;. %d;whk;
FNyhj;Jq;fd;jhd; Nrho muir rpwg;ghf mu
rhz;l kd;du;fSs; ,Wjp kd;dd;. mtd;gpd;
Nrho muR kOq;Fk;> gpd; vd;WNk kPshJ
vd;gij FUehju; QhdjpU\;bahy;
mwpe;jpUe;jhNuh vd;dNth...
* * * * * *
fk;NghbahtpYs;s mq;Nfhu;......>
,uz;lhk; R+upatu;kdhy; 12Mk; E}w;whz;by;
fl;lg;gl;l mq;Nfhu;.......>
nfku; rhk;uh[ kd;du;fshy; tzq;fg;gl;l
mq;Nfhu;.....>
fUq;fy;ypyhd ngupa Nfhapy; mq;Nfhu;....>
cyfj;jpNyNa ngupa Nfhapy; mq;Nfhu;....>
mq;Nfhu;...!> mq;Nfhu;....!!> mq;Nfhu; !!!
mj;jid rpwg;Gfisf; nfhz;ljh
fk;NghbahtpYs;s ‘mq;Nfhu; thl;’ (Angkor
Wat)? ,tw;iwawpe;j ehd; tpae;J NghNdd;.
,j;jid fhyKk; ,ijg;gw;wp mwpahkNyNa
,Ue;Jtpl;NlNd> vd;W RUq;fpAk; NghNdd;.
“ahk; ngw;w ,d;gk; ngUf ,t;itafk;” vDk;
msg;gupa nghJeyj;ij> ,r;rpwpatd;
nra;atpistjd; ntspg;ghNl
,g;gaz ,yf;fpa Kaw;rp. thUq;fs;
vd;Dld; fk;NghbahtpYs;s
cyfg;ngUq;Nfhapy; mq;Nfhu; thl;I
Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gLNthk;......
* * * * * *
fp.gp.2011
fp.gp.2011
ehq;fs; Vwpa fhu; fk;Nghbahit
Nehf;fp tpiue;Jnfhz;bUe;jJ.
Ngq;nfhf;fpypUe;J fk;Nghbah
Nehf;fpa ,g;gazj;ij ,izaj;jpd;
cjtpahy; ehd; ,yq;ifapUe;Nj
xOq;F nra;jpUe;Njd;.
fk;NghbahtpYs;s fpup\; (Kriss)
vd;gtiu ehd; njhlu;G
nfhz;bUe;Njd;. vk;ik Ngq;nfhf;fpy;
Vw;wp fk;Nghbahtpy; ‘mq;Nfhu;’w;F
mUfpYs;s rpahk; uPg; (Siem Reap) vDk;
,lj;jpw;F fhupy; nfhz;Lnrd;W
tpLtjw;F (420 fpNyh kPw;wu;fs;) 120
mnkupf;f nlhyu;fis fpup\;
Nfl;bUe;jhu;. (mz;zsthf 13500{-
)
ehd; fhu; Xl;Leu; rpk;nghf;fplk; fij
nfhLj;Njd;. mtu; jha;yhe;J ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j
tnud;Wk;> jha;yhe;J-fk;Nghba fiuapy;
tho;tjhfTk;> New;W ,uNt jhd; Ngq;nfhf; te;J
jq;fpajhfTk; $wpdhu;. NkYk;> mtu; %d;W
Foe;ijfSf;F je;ijnad;gijAk;> mtu; xU uty;
Vn[d;i] elj;JfpwijAk;> ,f;fhu; cl;gl rpy
fhu;fSk; xU rpwpa g];]_k; itj;Js;shu;
vd;gijAk; mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. ehd;
njhlu;Gnfhz;bUe;j fk;NghbahtpYs;s fpup\;i\
mtUf;Fj; njupatpy;iy! mtiuj; jha;yhe;jpYs;s>
fk;Nghbahtpw;F tprh vLj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; Xu;
Vn[d;w;; njhlu;G nfhz;ljhff; $wpdhu;.
ehd; ,yq;ifapypUe;J fk;NghbahtpYs;s
fpup\;i\j; njhlu;Gnfhs;s> jha;yhe;jpy; thOk;
vd;idNah ehd; njhlu;Gnfhz;bUe;j
fpupi\Nah mwpahj rpk;nghf;> Jy;ypakhf ehk;
,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F 10 epkplq;fSf;F Kd;dNu
te;J vk;ik mioj;Jr;nry;Yk; njhopy;
xOq;fikg;igf; fz;L> ehd; kiyj;Jg;
NghNdd;.
vkJ ,g;gazk; 3 $Wfisf; nfhz;lJ
vd;gijg; gpd;du; Gupe;Jnfhz;Nld;. Kjw; gFjp
Ngq;nfhf;fpypUe;J fhupNy jha;yhe;jpd;
fiuapYs;s Aranyaprathet vDk; fpuhkj;ij
miltJ. ,J Ngq;nfhf;fpypUe;J mz;zsthf
215 fpNyh kPw;wu; njhiytpYs;sJ. mLj;j fl;lk;
fk;Nghba tprhitg; ngw;W> jha;yhe;J
,kpfpNu\D}lhf (Immigration) ntspNawp
fk;Nghba ,kpfpNu\D}lhf fk;Nghbahtpw;Fs;
14 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

nry;tJ. ,g;gFjpia ele;J flf;f Ntz;Lk;. 500
kPw;wh; ,ilntspapy; ,U ehl;bd; fiufSk;
NtWgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. fk;Nghbahtpd;
,kpfpNu\idj; jhz;baTld; fiuapy; Poi Pet
vDk; Cu; cs;sJ. %d;whk; fl;lk; Poi Pet ypUe;J
‘rpahk; uPg;’w;F NtnwhU fhupy; nry;tJ.
njhlu;e;J nga;j kio> 3 kzpj;jpahyg;
gazj;ij 5 kzpj;jpahyq;fshf ePl;btpl;lJ.
11:45mstpy; Aranyaprathetit ehk;
te;jile;Njhk;. rpwe;j ghijaikg;Gk; fhupd;
trjpAk; vk;ikf; fisg;gilar; nra;atpy;iy.
rpk;nghf; xU tpLjpapd; thapypy; fhiu
epWj;jpdhu;. mq;F vkf;F fk;Nghba tprhit
vLj;Jj; jUgtu; vk;ik tuNtw;whu;.
mwpKfq;fs; Kbe;jTld; vkJ flTr;
rPl;Lfisg; ngw;W mtNu tprh tpz;zg;gg;g
gbtq;fis epug;gpdhu;.
,yq;ifapNy fk;Nghba ehl;Lf;Fupa FbtuT
Fbafy;Tj; jpizf;fsk; ,y;iy. MfNt
jha;yhe;J> kNyrpah ehLfSf;fhd tprhf;fisg;
ngw;wJNghd;W fk;Nghba tprhit vd;dhy;
,yq;ifapNy ngwKbatpy;iy. Nghupdhy;
Vw;gl;l gpd;tpisTfspy; ,JTk; xd;W.
Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ghfp];jhd;>
,yq;if vdg; 10 ehLfisf; fk;Nghbah xJf;fp
itj;Js;sJ. fk;Nghba tprh gw;wpa tpguq;fisj;
njupe;Jnfhs;tjw;F> fk;Nghbah nrd;W
te;jtu;fis ,yq;ifapNy Njbg;gpbg;gJ kpfTk;
rpukkhf ,Ue;jJ. ehd; ,yq;ifapUe;J gyKiw
njhiyNgrpapy; fk;Nghba jiyikf; FbtuT
Fbafy;T jpizf;fsj;Jld; njhlu;G
nfhz;bUe;Njd;. ‘ehd; fk;Nghbahtpw;F
tuKbAkh?’ vd;w Nfs;tpf;F jFe;j gjpy;
fpilf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fs; Mq;fpyj;ijg; Gupe;J
nfhs;sNt rpukg;gl;lhu;fs;. vd; mjp\;ltrkhf
ehd; vOjpa kpd;dQ;rypw;F fk;Nghba jiyikf;
FbtuT Fbafy;Tj; jpizf;fsk; ‘ehd; tuKbAk;’
vd;W gjpyspj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. ‘mq;Nfhu; thl;’I
ghu;f;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vd; Mu;tk; gy topfspy;
vd;id Kaw;rpnra;a itj;jpUe;jJ.
tprhf; fl;lzj;ijAk;> jq;fs; Nritf;
fl;lzj;ijAk; Nru;j;J ,U flTr;rPl;LfSf;Fk;
nkhj;jkhf 2400 ghl; (7200/=) jUkhW vkf;F
tprh vLj;Jj; jutpUg;gtu; Nfl;lhu;. kfDf;F
jdpahd flTr;rPl;L ,y;iy. kfdpd; tpguk;
kidtpd; flTr;rPl;bNy cs;slf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
ehd; 600 ghl;IAk; 60 mnkupf;f nlhyu;fisAk;
Nru;j;Jf; nfhLj;Njd;. mtu;fs; fzf;Fg;gb 1
mnkupf;f nlhyu; 30 ghl; vd;gij jha;yhe;jpy; ehd;
jq;fpapUe;j ehl;fspy; njupe;jpUe;Njd;.
gzj;ijAk; vkJ flTr;rPl;LfisAk;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mtu; jd;Ntiyahs; xUtdplk;
ifaspj;jhu;. mtd; Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps; xd;wpy; Vwp
tprhitg; ngWtjw;fhf gwe;jhd;. ehq;fs; kPz;Lk;
fhupy; Vwpf; nfhz;Nlhk;. fhiu rpk;nghf; xU
re;jpapy; epWj;jpdhu;. ehk; tprhitg;
ngwr;nrd;wtDf;fhf fhj;jpUe;Njhk;. kio
,d;dKk; rpdj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
15 epkplq;fs; nrd;wpUf;Fk;. mtd; Nkhl;lhu;
irf;fps; vq;fs; fz;fspy; gl;lJ. te;jtd;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 15

irf;fpis epWj;jptpl;L fhupd; Kd;gf;fk; Vwpdhd;.
ehd; mtd; fuq;fis flTr;rPl;LfSf;fhfg;
ghu;j;Njd;.
“= yq;fh> Neh tprh?” vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy;
$wpdhd;. vd; kdk; thbtpl;lJ. vdf;Ff;
fk;Nghba jiyik FbtuT Fbafy;Tj;
jpizf;fsk; mDg;gpa kpd;dQ;rypd; gpujpiaf;
fhl;b mtDf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;jpNdd;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; ehd; $wpaJ 50 rjtPjk;$l
mtDf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy vd;gij mtd;
Kfghtj;jpy; njupe;Jnfhz;Nld;. rpk;nghf;
mtdplk; ‘jha;’ (Thai) nkhopapy; VNjh ePz;ljhff;
$wpdhu;. mijj; njhlu;e;J mtd; njhiyNgrpapy;
jd; mjpfhupAld; ePz;lNeuk; fijj;jhd;.
vd; kfDk; kidtpAk; mikjpahf
J}q;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;!
mtd; rpk;nghf;fplk; VNjh $wptpl;L ,wq;fpj;
jd; Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy; Vwpdhd;. fhu; nkJthf
efu;e;jJ. ehd; mLj;J vd;d nra;tJ vd
vz;zpf;nfhz;bUe;Njd;. ehd; nfhz;L
te;jpUf;Fk; kpd;dQ;riy cupatu;fsplk; fhl;b
tpsq;fg;gLj;jpdhy; tplak; ,yFthdJ vd vd;
cs;kdJ $wpaJ. fhu;; uty; Vn[d;]; xd;wpd;
Kd;dhy; epd;wJ. vq;fSf;F Kd;djhfNt vkf;F
tprh vLf;fr; nrd;wtd; mq;F Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy;
te;J Nru;e;Jtpl;lhd;. vq;fis ,wq;fp me;j uty;
Vn[d;]§f;F tUkhW $wpdhd;. ehq;fs; ,wq;fp
mYtyfj;jpDs; nrd;Nwhk;. vq;fs; vy;yhg;
nghUl;fisAk; ,wf;fp mq;F itj;jhu;fs;.
“fk;Nghbahtpw;F te;jpl;Nlhkh?” vd;W vd;
kidtp Nfl;lhs;!!
“ehd; FbtuT Fbafy;T jpizf;fsj;jpw;F
tuth?” vd;W mtdplk; Nfl;Nld;. 12:00
kzpAld; %btpLthu;fs; ,g;NghJ Neuk; 1:00
kzp vd;W mtd; $wpdhd;. “ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ
nrd;W te;jPu;fNs?” vd;W Nfl;lNghJ mtd;
rpupj;Jtpl;L vkJ flTr;rPl;Lfis vd;dplk; je;J
njhiyNgrp miog;G tUk;tiu fhj;jpUf;FkhW
$wp ntspNawpdhd;.
ehk; miwapNy jdpNa tplg;gl;Nlhk;.
fz;zhbA+lhf ntspNa ghu;j;jNghJ rpk;nghf;
Ngha;tpl;lijf; fz;Nld;. mtuplk; Kiwahf
tpil ngwtpy;iyNa vdf; ftiyahf ,Ue;jJ.
vk; epiyiaf; fz;L mtuhy; xd;Wk;
nra;aKbahJ. MfNt tpilngwhkNy
nrd;Wtpl;lhu; vd czu;e;J nfhz;Nld;.
fk;Nghbahtpw;F nry;y 3 tpjq;fspy;
tprhf;fis mtu;fs; toq;Ffpd;whu;fs;. mNdf
khd ehLfSf;F Kd;Ng tprh vLf;fj;
Njitapy;iy. fk;NghbahtpDs;Ns EioAk;
NghJ mtu;fs; tprhit Fj;Jthu;fs;. mLj;J
,izaj;jpd; %yk; Kd;djhfNt tprhitg;
ngwyhk;. ,J fk;Nghbahtpw;Fs; cl;nry;tijj;
Jupjg;gLj;Jk;. ,t;tpU KiwfspYk; ,yq;if
cl;gl 10 ehLfSf;F tprhitg; ngw
mDkjpapy;iy. ,yq;if kf;fs; NtnwhU
ehl;bw;Fr; nrd;W mq;Fs;s fk;Nghba FbtuT
Fbafy;;Tj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; %yk; tprhitg;
ngwNtz;Lk;. vkf;F tprh vLf;fr; nrd;wtu;
jha;yhe;jpd; Aranyaprathet tpYs;s fk;Nghba
jpizf;fsj;jpd; %yk; Kaw;rp nra;Js;shu;.
mj;jpizf;fsj;jpy; tprh tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; gpupit
12 kzpAld; ‘rhjhuz’ kf;fSf;F %b
tpLthu;fshk;.
NtW rpy ehLfSf;Fg; gazpj;j mEgtq;fis
xd;wpize;J jw;NghJs;s topfis vd;kdk;
vz;zj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,d;W AranyaprathetypYs;s
tpLjpnahd;wpy; jq;fptpl;L ehis fk;Nghba
tprhtpw;F Kaw;rpf;fyhk;. ehis> Qhapw;Wf;fpoik
tprh tpz;zg;gpf;f KbANkh njupahJ. tprh
fpilf;fhtpby; fk;Nghbahitg; ghu;f;fhky; kPz;Lk;
Ngq;nfhf; nrd;W> mq;fpUe;J ehq;fs; mLj;Jr;
nry;ytpUf;Fk; ehlhd kNyrpahtpw;Fr; nry;yyhk;.
VNjh gpur;rpid vd;gij vd; kidtp
Cfpj;Jtpl;lhs;. ehd; mtsUfpy; mku;e;J gpur;
rpidia $wj;njhlq;fpNdd;. me;Neuk; njhiy
Ngrpia ifapy; Ve;jpathW mtd; Xbte;jhd;.
njhiyNgrpapy; fk;NghbahtpypUe;J fpup\;
fijj;jhu;.
jdf;F ,yq;if rhu;e;J ,Jjhd; Kjy;.
mEgtk; vd;Wk; jdf;F ,g;gbnahU gpur;rpid
,Ug;gjhf Kd;dNk njupahJ vd;Wk; $wpdhu;.
ehd; vd;dplk; ,Uf;Fk; kpd;dQ;ry; gw;wpAk; tprh
tpz;zg;gpf;f ehNd Neuhf ehis nry;ytpUg;gJ
gw;wpAk; njuptpj;Njd;. mjw;F fpup\; $wpdhu;> jhd;
tprh vLj;Jj;jUk; uty; Vn[d;]; mjpfhupaplKk;
FbtuT Fbafy;T jpizf;fs mjpfhupaplKk;
fijj;jjhff; $wpdhu;! jhd; cj;juthjk;
nfhLj;J> 800 ghl; ‘itg;ghf’ xUtUf;Ff;
nfhLj;jhy; tprh ,g;nghOJ ngw KbAk; vd;Wk;
$wpdhu;! ehd; rpupj;Jf;nfhz;L rupnad;W $wptpl;L
njhiy Ngrpia mtdplk; nfhLj;Njd;.
vd; rpupg;igf; fz;L kidtp jhDk; rpupj;jhs;.
“vd;dg;gh VJk; gpur;rpidNa....?”
“xd;Wkpy;iy> 800 ghl; itg;G nra;jhy;
vk;ik fk;NghbahTf;Fs;Ns nry;ytpLthu;fs;.”
“mg;gbnad;why; ehk; fk;Nghbahit tpl;L
ntspNaWk;NghJ 800 ghl;Ij; jpUg;gpj;
jUthu;fsh?”
ehd; rpupj;Njd;. kidtpf;;Fg; Gupatpy;iy.
mts; vd;idg; ghu;j;jgb ,Ue;jhs;. vd; kfDf;F
Gupe;jpUf;fNtz;Lk; mtd; ngupjhff; ifjl;br;
rpupj;jhd;. mtd; rpupg;gijg; ghu;j;J kidtpAk;
rpupj;jhs;.
ehd; 55 mnkupf;f nlhyu;fisAk; (1600 ghl; -
6000/=) flTr;rPl;LfisAk; mtdplk; nfhLj;j 20
16 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

epkplq;fspy; mtd; tprhf;fSld; te;jhd;.
tprhf;fisg; ghu;j;j vdf;F jpUg;jpaspf;ftpy;iy.
tprhtpy; kidtpapd; ngau; gpioahf
vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdf;Fupa tprhtpy; flTr;rPl;L
,yf;fNk vOjg;gltpy;iy> mjw;Fupa ,lk;
fhypahf ,Ue;jJ. ehd; ,Jgw;wp mtdplk;
fijj;Jg; gad; ,y;iy vd;gij czu;e;Njd;.
vq;fSila ngupa ignahd;iw vLj;jthW
nry;Nthnkd;W mtd; $wpdhd;. Ik;gJ kPw;wu;
njhiytpy; ,Uf;Fk; jha;yhe;J ,kpfpNu\id
Nehf;fp vq;fs; Cu;tyk; Muk;gkhdJ.
jha;yhe;J ,kpfpNu\dpy; ePz;lnjhU tupir
,Ue;jJ. vkJ tpguq;fis guprPypj;Jtpl;L ehk;
jha;yhe;jpypUe;J ntspNawptpl;ljhf vkJ
flTr;rPl;by; Fj;jpj; je;jhu;fs;. mj;Jld; vkJ
jhy;yhe;J tprh Kbe;Jtpl;ljhy; kPz;Lk;
jha;yhe;jpDs; vk;ik mDkjpf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. 500
kPw;wUf;F mg;ghypUf;Fk; fk;Nghba ,kpfpNu\id
Nehf;fp elf;fj; njhlq;fpNdhk;.
vkJ ehl;by; 2002> 2003 fspy;; Kfkhiyapy;
murpd; vy;iyiaj; jhz;b ,af;fj;jpd;
vy;iyFs; nrd;w vz;zk; vd; kdijf; nfstpf;
nfhz;lJ.
mtd; igiaj; J}f;fpatz;zk; Kd;Nd
ele;jhd;. ehd; nghjpia cUl;ba tz;zk;
mtidj; njhlu;e;Njd;. ehd; cUl;ba nghjpapd;
rpy;Y ngupjhfr; rj;jk; Nghl;lJ. kfidj;
J}f;fpathW kidtp vd;idj; njhlu;e;jhs;.
Cu;f;Nfhapypy; Nju; nry;Yk;NghJ ,UkUq;fpYk;
kf;fs; epd;W ghu;g;gJ Nghy jha;yhe;J kf;fSk;
fk;Nghba kf;fSk; vk;ik epd;W ghu;j;jhu;fs;.
Nju; nkJthf efu;e;jJ.
epd;W jpUk;gpg;ghu;j;Njd;. vd; kidtp 50
Foe;ijfs; GilR+o te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhs;. vy;yhf;
Foe;ijfSk; kidtpaplk; gpr;ir Nfl;lgb
te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. kidtp tWikapd;
epiyfz;L jpifj;Jg; Nghdhs;.
ehk; fk;Nghba ,kpfpNu\id te;jile;Njhk;.
vk;ik xU thq;fpy; ,Uj;jptpl;L vkJ
flTr;rPl;Lfis xU Fwpj;j mjpfhupaplk;
nfhLj;jhd;. mtd;jhd; ‘itg;G’ ngWk; mjpfhup
vd ehd; vz;zpf;nfhz;Nld;.
mt;tjpfhup vd;d epidj;jhNdh njupahJ
vkJ flTr;rPl;Lfisg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L VNjh fhr;R
%r;nrd;W ngupjhff; fj;jpdhd;. mq;fpUe;j
midtUk; ];jk;gpj;J vk;ikAk; me;j
mjpfhupiaAk; ghu;j;jhu;fs;. mtd; vkJ
flTr;rPl;Lfis Nkirapy; J}f;fp vwpe;Jtpl;L
rpful;ilg; gw;w itj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;. vk;ik
mioj;Jte;jtd; vd;dUfpy; te;J nksdkhf
mku;e;jhd;. mtd; Kfk; ntspwpg;NghapUe;jJ.
tplak; iftpl;Lg; Nghtij ehd; czuj;
njhlq;fpNdd;. jdpahf ehd; gy ehLfSf;F
nrd;W gy ,d;dy;fisr; re;jpj;jpUf;fpNwd;.
kidtp> kfd; vd;W tUk;NghJ topfspd;
tprhyk; Fiwe;JtpLfpwJ. vdf;Fs; gak;
nkJthfg; gutj; njhlq;fpaJ.
2004 Mk; Mz;L ntspahd Tom Hanks ebj;j
“The Terminal” vDk; Mq;fpyg; glk; vd;
kdf;fz;zpy; kpd;dy;fPw;whf Njhd;wp kiwe;jJ.
Krakozhia ehl;by; ,Ue;J mnkupf;fhtpw;F
tpkhdj;jpy; Tom Hanks te;jpwq;Fthu;. mtu;
tpkhdj;jpy; gazpj;j jUzk; Krakozhia tpy;
Vw;gl;l Gul;rp fhuzkhf mnkupf;fh Krakozhia
ehl;bw;F jil tpjpj;JtpLfpd;wJ. ,jd;
fhuzkhf mnkupf;ftpDs; mtiu
mDkjpf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. mNjjUzk; jil
tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhy; Krakozhia gpu[hTupikAila
mtu; mnkupf;fhtpypUe;J ntspNawTk; KbahJ.
,jd; fhuzkhf gy khjq;fshf mtu; tpkhd
epiyaj;jpDs;NsNa tho;thu;. “Mehran Karimi
Nasseri” vd;gtu; gpuhd;]; (France) ehl;L ghup];
(Paris) khepyj;jpYs;s tpkhd epiyankhd;wpy; 18
tUlq;fs; tho;e;j cz;ikr; rk;gtj;jpd;
ghjpg;ghy; vLf;fg;gl;l mUikahd eifr;Ritg;
glk;.
rpy epkplq;fs; fope;jd.
cs;spUe;J xUtd; tPbNahf; fnkuhTld;
te;jhd;. rpful; fl;ilia tPrptpl;L mt;tjpfhup
vk;ikf; fhl;btpl;L cs;Nehf;fp ele;jhd;.
vk;ik mioj;J te;jtd; vOe;J vk;iktpl;L
efu;e;J epd;whd;. fnkuhtpdhy; vk;ik tPbNah
nra;jhu;fs;.
vd; kfd; toikNghy; fnkuhitg; ghu;j;Jr;
rpupj;jhd;.
vkf;Nfh jpuprq;F epiy!
* * * * * *
[1-01] “ek;Kd;Ndhh;mspj;j mUQ;nrytk; - ghfk; I” (1969) -
[p.]p.nkd;b];
[1-02] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetavanaramaya
[1-03] http://www.sacred-destinations.com/china/
leshan-giant-buddha
[1-04] http://www.sacred-destinations.com/indonesia/
borobudur
[1-05] “Ancient Angkor” (2011) - Michael Freeman &
Claude Jacquse
[1-06] “,yq;ifr; RUf;f tuyhW” (2008) - f. Fzuhrh & fkyh
Fzuhrh
[1-07] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prambanan
[1-08] http://www.hindu.com/mag/2009/03/29/stories/
2009032950240800.htm
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 17

“rh`pj;jpa ,uj;jpdk;”
Nguhrpupau; rgh. n[auhrh
12) aho;g;ghzg; aho;g;ghzg; aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
Ez;fiyg; Ez;fiyg; gPlj;jpy; gPlj;jpy; jiyikg; jiyikg; nghWg;ig
nghWg;ig
Vw;W Vw;W ,e;j ,e;j ehl;by; ehl;by; Ez;fiyfs; Ez;fiyfs; tsu;tjw;F
tsu;tjw;F
Nritahw;wpa Nritahw;wpa ngUikf;Fupatu; ngUikf;Fupatu; ePq;fs;.
ePq;fs;.
mq;F mq;F mq;F jhq;fs; jhq;fs; nra;j nra;j Kf;fpakhd Kf;fpakhd Kf;fpakhd gzpfs;
gzpfs;
ahit?
ahit?
,ir> eldk;> rpj;jpuk; tbtikg;Gg; Nghd;w
JiwfspNy rpwg;Gg; gl;lg; gbg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaik
gw;wp Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.
mj;JiwfspNy gl;lg; gbg;ig epWt Kad;w
nghOJ gy vjpu;g;Gf;fs; Njhd;wpd. fu;ehlf
rq;fPjk;> gujehl;bak;> gz;zpir Nghd;wit
etPd gy;fiyf;fof Kiwikf;F ,ize;J tu
Kbahjit vd xU rhuhu; vjpu;j;jdu;.
mj;JiwfspNy tpupTiufis Nkw;
nfhs;tjw;Fk;> fzpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;
fyhepjpg; gl;lk; ngw;wtu;fs; vkJ ehl;bNy ,y;iy
vd;W gpwpnjhU rhuhu; vjpu;j;jdu;.
FUFy epiyapNy jhd; mtw;iwf; fw;gpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk; gy;fiyf;fofg; gl;lg;gbg;Gf;Fs; mit
cs;slf;fg;glf; $lhJ vd;w gioikthjf;
fUj;Jf;fSk; fhzg;gl;ld.
mt;thwhd gy epiy vjpu;g;Gf;fisAk;>
rthy;fisAk; Kwpabj;J mj;JiwfspNy rpwg;Gg;
gl;lg;gbg;ig Kd;ndLj;jik xU Kf;fpakhd
nraw;ghlhFk;. vkJ Kd; khjpupiag; gpd;gw;wp
tpGyhde;ju; ,irf;fy;Y}upapYk; fu;ehlf ,ir>
gujehl;bak; Nghd;w JiwfspNy rpwg;Gg;
gl;lg;gbg;G Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ehq;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l gpwpnjhU gzp mq;F
Nghjdhrpupau;fshff; flikahw;wpa ,ir eld
Mrpupau;fis cjtp tpupTiuahsu;fshfj;
juKau;j;jp Nkw;gbg;Gf;fspy;
fh.rptj;jk;gp KjypNahu; Ez;fiyj; jpwdha;Tj;
JiwapNy Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;. njhlu;e;J
Nguhrpupau;fs; tp.rptrhkp v];.fpU\;zuh[h
Nguhrpupau; v];.nksdFU g.Nfhghy
fpU\;zIau;> fiythzp ,uhkehjd;> fyhepjp
neh.fpU\;zNtzp KjypNahu; Mu;tk; fhl;bdu;.
Nkw;$wpatu;fSs; Nguhrpupau; f.ifyhrgjp>
fh.rptj;jk;gp v];.fpU\;zuh[h> v];.nksdFU
MfpNahUld; Vd; ehDk; $l khu;f;rpaj; jpwdha;T
Nehf;fpYk;> etPd jpwdha;Tf; fz;
Nzhl;lq;fspYk; ts%l;Lk; nraw;ghLfis
Kd;ndLj;Js;Nshk;.
fiyj;jpwdha;T vd;gJ ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T
Nghd;w tsu;r;rpia ,d;dKk; jkpo;r; #oypy;
vl;ltpy;iy vd;Wjhd; $w Ntz;Lk;.
fiyfisg; nghWj;j tiu “Gdpjk;” kw;Wk;
“nja;tPfk;” vd;w fUj;Njw;wKk; epytp tUfpd;wJ.
me;epiyapy; mtw;iwj; jpwdha;Tf;F mg;ghw;gl;l
nghUs;fshf mtu;fs; fUJfpd;wdu;. NkYk;
nrt;tpa fiyfs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk; fu;ehlf
rq;fPjk;> gujehl;bak; Kjypait Nkl;Lf;
FbapdUf;Fupa fiyfshfNt ,aq;fp
tUfpd;wd. ehl;Lf; $j;Jf;fSk;> ehl;lhu;
fiyfSk; r%fj;jpd; mbj;jsj;J kf;fSf;Fup
adthf ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
mt;thwhd tu;f;f epiyapd; mbj; jsj;jpy;
epfOk; mofpay; tpirfisj; jpwdha;T
ntspf;Fs; nfhz;L tUk; Kaw;rpfSk; jPtpuk;
ngwtpy;iy.
14) vjpu;fhyj;j vjpu;fhyj;jpy; vjpu;fhyj;j vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
py; Ez;fiyj; Ez;fiyj; Jiwia
Jiwia
tsu;f;f tsu;f;f ehk; ehk; vd;d vd;d vd;d nra;ayhk;? nra;ayhk;?
nra;ayhk;?
18 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

,yq;ifapd; fy;tp tsu;r;rpapy; Vw;gl;l xU
vjpu;kiw epfo;r;rp Ez;fiyj; Jiw rpy
fhyfl;lq;fspNy Gwf;fzpg;Gf;F cs;shf;fg;
gl;likahFk;. 1940 Mz;Lfisj; njhlu;e;J
tpQ;Qhd Nkhfk; ngw;Nwhuplj;Jk; khztuplj;Jk;
Vw;gl;lJ. Mdhy; mjw;Fupa caupa mWtilfs;
fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy. tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tp thapyhf
lhf;lu;fshfTk; nghwpapayhsuhfTk; te;jdNu
md;wp mjw;F NkNy gha;e;J efu;r;rp nfhs;s
tpy;iy. mjhtJ> ePz;lfhy tpQ;Qhdf; fy;tp
ngUk; tpQ;Qhdpfis cUthf;ftpy;iy.
cUthf;fpa XupUtUk; ,e;ehl;Lf;Fg; gad;glhJ
ntspefu;e;J tpl;ldu;.
jpwe;j nghUshjhuk;> cyfkakhjy; tu;j;jf
tsu;r;rp Mfpatw;iwj; njhlu;e;J tu;j;jff; fy;tp
kPJ khztu;f;Fk; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; Nkhfk; Vw;gl;lJ.
MdhYk; me;jg; ghlnewpfisf; fw;Nwhu;
ngUkstpy; tu;j;jfj;Jiwfspy;
Nfhl;ghLfSk; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
ghlrhiyfspy; ,ir> eldk;> Xtpak;> ehlfk;
Kjypait Mw;WifAld; ,ize;j ghlq;fshff;
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,tw;wpd; gpd;dzpapNyjhd; Ez;fiyfspd;
vjpu;fhy tsu;r;rp gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ.
Ez;fiy tsu;r;rpf;F midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa
xU “nkfh”j; jpl;lkply; mtrpak;. ,e;ehl;by;
cjpupahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; jdpj;jdp
fiyQu;fSk; mjpy; cs;slf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
nry;thf;F kpf;Nfhu; Gfo; ngWjYk; VidNahu;
gpd;js;sg;gLjYk; Cd;wpa ftdj;Jf;Fupait.
15) Xu; Xu; ,yf;fpag; ,yf;fpag; gilg;gpy; gilg;gpy; fUj;jpay;
fUj;jpay;
Mofpay; Mofpay; Mfpa Mfpa Mfpa ,U ,U $WfSk; $WfSk; vt;tifapy;
vt;tifapy;
vt;tifapy;
nghUe;j nghUe;j Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; ,jpy; ve;jf; ve;jf; ve;jf; $Wf;F
$Wf;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cz;L?
cz;L?
fiy ,yf;fpaq;fs; vg;nghOJk; tu;f;fr;
rhu;GiladthfNt Njhw;wk; ngw;W te;Js;sd.
nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nkyhjpf;fj;ij
epWTNthUf;Fj; Jiz epd;W te;Js;sd.
mofpay; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;Fk; nghOJ Nkw;$wpa
fUj;ij Kjypy; kdq;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yf;fpak; vd;gJ “$l;L nkhj;j tbtk;”
$Wfisg; gpupj;jwpa Kbahj KOik mq;Nf
NkNyhq;fp epw;Fk;. ,jd; njhlu;gpy; cstpayhsu;
Fwpg;gpLk; KOikg; Gy (GESTALT) mZF
Kiw ,izj;J Nehf;Fjw;FupaJ. gFjpfspd;
$l;ld;W - xd;wpize;j KOikNa mq;F
typAWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
“I];fpuPk;” cjhuzj;jpd; thapyhf mjid
NkYk; tpsf;fyhk;. I];fpuPik ehq;fs; Ritf;Fk;
nghOJ mjpy; rPdp vt;tsT> ghy; vt;tsT>
eWkz%l;ly; vt;tsT vd;wthW jdpj;jdpahf
Nehf;Fjy;. ,yf;fpag; gilg;G xd;iw Nehf;Fk;
nghOJk; me;j KOikg; Gy mZF KiwNa
NkNyhq;fp epw;Fk;.
fUj;jpay; kw;Wk; mofpay; Mfpait
,yf;fpag;gilg;gpy; xd;wpize;J gpupf;f
ntz;zhepiyapy; KOik ngw;wpUf;Fk;.
me;epiyapy; ve;jf; $W NkNyhq;fp epw;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpdhTf;F ,lkpy;yhkw;Ngha;
tpLfpd;wJ. ey;y ,yf;fpag; gilg;gpy; me;j
,uz;L $WfSk; ePUk; ghYkha;f; fye;J epw;Fk;.
mjid etPd jpwdha;tpy; mftak; kw;Wk;
Gwtak; (OBJECTIVITY AND SUBJECTIVITY) Mfpa
tw;Wf;fpilNa As;s vy;iyfs; mope;j epiy
vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk;.
mofpay; vd;w vz;zf;fU epiyj;j my;yJ
epj;jpa rpuQ;rPtpj; jd;ik nfhz;ljd;W. gujKdp
tFj;j mofpay; msTNfhy;fs; epykhdpa
r%fj;ijAk; me;j muKiwikfisAk;
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. mtu; cUthf;fpa
cUt top my;yJ fhl;rp top (CONCRETE)
mofpay; mUt top my;yJ #f;Fk top mofpay;
tsu;r;rpapd; NghJ jfu;g;Gf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lJ.
mofpd; xU Kf;fpakhd gupkhzk;
gaDilik (UTILITY) me;epiyapNy
fiyg;gilg;G ve;j tu;f;fj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wJ
vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpd;wJ.
16) khu;f;rpa khu;f;rpa vOj;jhsu;fs; vOj;jhsu;fs; fUj;jpaYf;Nf
fUj;jpaYf;Nf
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J nfhLj;J vOJfpwhu;fs;
vOJfpwhu;fs;
mofpy; mofpy; mk;rj;ijf; mk;rj;ijf; ftdpg;gjpy;iy ftdpg;gjpy;iy vd;W
vd;W
nghJthf nghJthf epyTk; epyTk; fUj;Jg; fUj;Jg; fUj;Jg; gw;wp gw;wp gw;wp ePq;fs; ePq;fs; vd;d
vd;d
$WfpwPu;fs;?
$WfpwPu;fs;?
khu;f;rpak; gw;wpa tpsf;ff;FiwTk;
jpupGgLj;jYk;. kypdg;gLj;jYk;> tha;ghL
Mf;fYNk vq;fs; kj;jpapy; NkNyhq;fpAs;sd.
vjpu;khu;f;rpa vjpu;g;G vOj;jhsu;fsJ
gpw;Nghf;Ff; fUj;jpapy; fopTk;> mofpay;
kyl;Lj;jdq;fSk; Ftpag;gLj;jg;gLjy; ,y;iy.
mtw;iwg; gw;wpf; ftiy nfhs;s
Ntz;baJkpy;iy.
khu;f;rpa vjpu;g;G vOj;jhsu;fsJ cd;dj
gilg;Gf;fs; vd;W Rl;bf;fhl;lg; gLgit tYtpoe;j
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 19

NrhilNghd gilg;Gf;fs;jhd;. kpf cd;dj
rpWfij vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLk; v];.ngh.tpd; “Nju;”
vd;w rpWfij aho;g;ghzj;J kj;jpa ju
tFg;gpduJ kdTior;rYf;Fs; epw;fpd;wNjad;wp
mjw;FNky; vOe;J mjdhw; ghaKbatpy;iy.
mj;jifa gpd;dzpapYs;NshNu khu;f;rpa
vOj;jhsu;fs; mofpay; mk;rj;ijf;
ftdpg;gjpy;iy vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.
lhdpaypd; ehty;fNsh Nahfehjdpd;
rpWfijfNsh KUifadpd; ftpijfNsh
fUj;jpay; epiyapNyh mofpay; epiyapNyh
vt;tifapYk; tPo;r;rpailahj gilg;Gf;fs;jhd;.
khu;f;rpa mofpaiyj; jtwhf tpsq;fpf;
nfhz;ltu;fs; jhd; #j;jpu epiyapYk; tha;ghL
epiyapYk; Mf;fq;fisj; juKad;wdu;. mtu;fspd;
Mf;fq;fis midj;J khu;f;rpa vOj;jhsu;fSf;Fk;
nghJikg;gLj;jp tpLjy; jtwhdJ. mJ
kypdkhd nghJikahf;fy; vdg;gLk;.
khu;f;rpa vOj;jhf;fq;fs; Gjpa r%fk; xd;iw
cUthf;Fjw;Fupa mofpaw; gq;fspg;igr; nra;a
KbANkad;wp mjw;F Nky; mtw;why; efu;e;J nry;y
KbahJ. mt;thW efu;j;jpdhy; mit
tha;ghLfshf khwptpLk;.
17) Nfhl;ghL Nfhl;ghL tpku;rd tpku;rd mZF mZF Kiwfs;
Kiwfs;
vk;kpilNa vk;kpilNa Fiwthf Fiwthf ,Ug;gjw;Ff; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; ,Ug;gjw;Ff; fhuzk;
fhuzk;
vd;d?
vd;d?
Kjypy; tpku;rdf; Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpa %y
E}y;fisg; gbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. %y E}y;fisad;wp
top E}y;fis kl;Lk; gbj;Jf; Nfhl;ghLfis
mbnahw;wpa jpwdha;Tfis Kd;ndLf;f
KbahJ. mt;thW Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; nghOJ
mit Mo;e;j gug;igr; nrd;wilahJ
NkNyhl;lkhdjhfNt mikAk;.
jkpopy; %y E}y;fspd; nkhop ngau;g;Gf;fs;
ngUkstpNy epfo;j;jg;gl tpy;iy. me;epiyapy;
Mq;fpy nkhop thapyhfNt %y E}y;fis mZf
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
Fwpg;gpl;l xU Nfhl;ghl;Lj; jsj;jpy; epd;W ve;j
E}iyAk; thrpg;Gf;F cl;gLj;jyhk;. mNj Ntis
Fwpj;j Nfhl;ghl;bd; gyKk; gykw;w epiyAk;
njupe;J nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpj;j Nfhl;ghL r%f epiyapNy ve;j
tu;f;fj;Jf;Fr; rhu;ghdjhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;w EZfpa Nehf;Fk; Kf;fpakhdJ.
epytuq;fis tpsf;Fk; Nfhl;ghLfs;
epytuq;fis khw;wpaikf;Fk; Nfhl;ghLfs; vd;w
ghFgLj;jy; khu;f;rpar; rpe;jidfis mbnahw;wp
ntspf;fpsk;gpAs;sJ.
rpy Nfhl;ghLfs; fhy ePl;rpapy; epd;W epiyf;f
KbahJ tYtpoe;J epw;wiyAk; ftdj;jpw;
nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. kpFe;j Muthuj;Jld;
ntspte;j gpd;dtPdj;Jk;> kw;Wk; gpd;fhydpak;
Kjypait jkf;Fupait kl;Lg;ghL fSld;
jaq;fp epw;gijf; fhzKbAk;. gpd;dtPdj;Jtk;
“xU Nfhl;ghL md;W” vd;w fUj;Jk;
gpd;dtPdj;Jt thjpfshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lit
mjd; gpwpnjhU gupkhzkhfpd;wJ.
rpy Nfhl;ghLfs; Kd;ida mbepiyfspy;
,Ue;J Gj;njOr;rp ngw;W tUjYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf gpuha;br mb epiyapypUe;J
yfhDila Nfhl;ghL Gj;njOr;rp ngw;Ws;sJ.
,t;thwf xt;nthU Nfhl;ghL gw;wpAk; Mo;e;J
cl;GFe;J nry;yhtpbd; Nfhl;ghl;L tpku;rd
Kiwik rhj;jpag;gl khl;lhJ.
18) xU xU gilg;gpidj; gilg;gpidj; juepu;zak;
juepu;zak;
nra;Ak;NghJ nra;Ak;NghJ ntt;NtW ntt;NtW ntt;NtW fUj;J fUj;J fUj;J epiy
epiy
nfhz;ltu;fSk; nfhz;ltu;fSk; jk;Ks; jk;Ks; Kuz;gL Kuz;gL fpwhu;fs;.
fpwhu;fs;.
mg;gbahapd; mg;gbahapd; xU xU rpwe;j rpwe;j rpwe;j gilg;igf;
gilg;igf;
fz;lwptjw;fhd fz;lwptjw;fhd msTNfhy; msTNfhy; msTNfhy; ahJ?
ahJ?
fhy ePl;rpapd; mbg;gilapNy rpwe;j gilg;ig
milahsg;gLj;Jk; Kiw ePz;l fhykhf epytp
tUfpd;wJ. mjhtJ ve;jf; fiyg; gilg;G fhy
Nthl;lj;jpy; epd;W epiyf;fpd;wNjh mJNt rpwe;j
gilg;ghFk; vd;gJ me;j mZFKiw.
vJ njhlf;f epiyg; gilg;ghf
Kfpo;j;njOfpd;wNjh mJNt rpwe;j gilg;G vd;W
tiuaWf;Fk; gpwpNjhu; mZF KiwAk; cz;L.
cjhuzkhf cyfpy; Njhd;wpa fhtpaq;fis
cau;e;j gilg;Gf;fshff; nfhs;Sk; kuG cz;L.
rpwe;j gilg;ig ,yf;fpa nkhopapd;
mbg;gilahf tiuaiw nra;Ak; kuG cz;L.
nghJnkhop NtW ,yf;fpa nkhop (LITERARY
LANGUAGE) NtW. khw;W ,yf;fpa nkhopia>
mjhtJ kh%yhd ,yf;fpa nkhopapypUe;J
khWgLk; Gjpa ,yf;fpa nkhopiaf; nfhz;l
gilg;igr; rpwe;j gilg;ghf Kd;nkhopjY Kz;L.
jkpo;r; #oypNy ghujp> kw;Wk; GJikg;gpj;jd;
MfpNahuJ ,yf;fpa nkhop kh%yhd ,yf;fpa
nkhopap ypUe;J NtWgl;bUe;j epiyapy; mtu;
fspd; Mf;fk; rpwe;j Mf;fkhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
Fwpg;gpl;l Xu; Mf;fj;ij khjpupif (MODEL)
ahff; nfhz;L gyu; mjidg; gpd;gw;w KaYk;
nghOJ Kd;khjpupahff; nfhz;l gilg;igr;
rpwe;j gilg;ghff; nfhs;Sk; kuG cz;L mJ
gpwpNjhu; mZFKiw.
xLf;F KiwfSf;F vjpuhff; fpsu;e;njOk;
Kd;Ndhbg; gilg;igr; rpwe;j gilg;ghff;
nfhs;Sk; gpwpNjhu; mZFKiwAk;
Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhfr; rpwe;j
gilg;igf; fz;lwptjw;fhd mZFKiwfs;
gd;ik epiyapy; cs;sd.
19) ,yf;fpaj;ijg; ,yf;fpaj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu nghWj;jtiu ,d;iwa
,d;iwa
etPdj;Jtk;> etPdj;Jtk;> gpd;dtPdj;Jtk; gpd;dtPdj;Jtk; Nghd;w
Nghd;w
20 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

Nfhl;ghLfis Nfhl;ghLfis khu;f;]pak; khu;f;]pak; vt;thW
vt;thW
vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ?
vjpu;nfhs;fpwJ?
khu;f;rpak; vtw;iwAk; MuhahJ vLj;j vLg;gpy;
epuhfupg;gjpy;iy. etPdj;Jtk;> gpd;dtPdj;Jtk;
Mfpait khu;f;rpar; rpe;jidahsuhy; Mo;e;j
Ma;TfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
Nkw;Fwpj;j Nfhl;ghLfs; INuhg;gpag;
gpd;Gyj;jpy; epfo;e;j r%f nghUshjhu
khw;wq;fis mbnahw;wpf; fpsk;gp naOe;jd.
Nfhl;ghLfspd; Mf;fq;fisr; r%f nghUshjhug;
gpd;Gyj;jpYk; tuyhw;Wf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk;
,aq;fpay; jUf;f mbg;gilapYk; Nehf;Fjy;
khu;f;rpaj;Jf;Fupa rpwg;Gg;gz;GfshFk;.
INuhg;ghtpy; epfo;e;j njhopw;Gul;rpAk;> kuG
topahd fpuhkpa tho;tpd; rpijTk;> efu
tsu;r;rpAk; $l;Lf; FLk;g tho;tpd; tPo;;r;rpAk;
njhopy;El;g top vOe;j Gj;jhf;fq;fSk;
etPdj;Jtk; vd;gij Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> ,ir>
eldk;> ,yf;fpak;> fy;tp vd;wthW gyJiwfspYk;
Vw;gLj;jpd.
etPdj;Jtk; vd;gJ ntspg;ghLfNshL
njhlu;Ggl;L epd;wNjad;wp ntspg;ghLfspd;
Ntu;fisAk; Moq;fisAk; Mo;e;J
juprpf;ftpy;iy.
gpd;ida Kjyhspaj;jpd; tsu;r;rp>
Nfhskakhjy;> Efu;r;rpia Kjd;ikg; gLj;Jk;
gd;ikf; Nfhyq;fs;> njhlu;ghlyikg;gpy; epfo;e;j
gha;r;ry;fs; Kjypait gpd;dtPdj;Jtr;
rpe;jidfSf;Fj; jskpl;ld.
gpur;rpidfis Gjpa nkhopahly;fspdhy;
tpsf;fpa gpd;dtPdj;Jtk; mtw;Wf;Fupa
jPu;Tfisj; juKbahj jj;jspg;G epiyapypUj;jiy
khu;f;rpa Nehf;Fj; njspT ngw tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.
20) 20) gilg;gpyf;fpaj;Jf;Fk; gilg;gpyf;fpaj;Jf;Fk; gilg;gpyf;fpaj;Jf;Fk; tpku;rdj; tpku;rdj;
tpku;rdj;
Jf;Fk; Jf;Fk; Jf;Fk; cs;s cs;s cwT cwT ,d;W ,d;W ,d;W vt;thW vt;thW cs;sJ? cs;sJ?
cs;sJ?
tpku;rdKk; xU gilg;Gr; nraw;ghLjhd;.
tpku;rdk; ,yf;fpa tiffSs; xd;whf
cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tpku;rdk; vd;gJ
(COGNITION) NkNyhq;fpa gilg;Gr;
nraw;ghlhfTk; ntspf;fpsk;Gfpd;wd. gilg;G
kyu;r;rp (CREATIVITY) vd;gJ ,uz;bYk;
cs;slq;fpf; fhzg;gLjiy Kjw;fz; Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
vkJ #oypy; ,e;j tplak; njhlu;ghd jtwhd
fUj;Jk; fz;Nzhl;lKk; epyTfpd;wd. tpku;rdk;
vd;gJ gilg;G kyu;r;rp mw;w xU nraw;ghL vd;w
jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lk; NkNyhq;fpAs;sJ.
ey;y tpku;rdk; xd;iw thrpf;Fk; nghOJ ey;y
gilg;gpyf;fpak; xd;iw thrpf;Fk; FJ}fyk;
Vw;gLk;. E}ypak; (TEXT) vd;w epiyapy;
,uz;bDf;F kpilNa xg;Gikfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
tpku;rdk; vd;gij xw;iwg;gupkhz Nehf;fpy;
mZfKbahJ. tpku;rdj;jpNy gy tiffs;
cz;L. typjhd fUj;jpay; jsKk; cz;L.
Fwpg;gpl;l xU fUj;jpay; jsj;jpy; epd;W
Gfo;e;Jiuf;fg;gLk; xU gilg;gpyf;fpak; gpwpnjhU
fUj;jpay; jsj;jpy; epd;W tpku;rpf;fg;gLk; nghOJ
Gfo;r;rp epuhfupg;Gf;F cs;shf;fg;glyhk;.
tpku;rdk; vd;gJ fUj;jpaw; gpd;dzp apypUe;J
vOtjhy; “eLepiy tpku;rdk;” vd;gJ ntWk;
ngha;j; Njhw;wk;jhd;. gilg;gpyf;fpaj;Jf;Fk;
tpku;rdj;Jf;FKs;s njhlu;G Nkw;Fwpj;jthW rhu;G
epiyapNyjhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
21) 21) ,d;iwa ,d;iwa fiy fiy ,yf;fpag; ,yf;fpag; Nghf;Ffs;
Nghf;Ffs;
gw;wpa gw;wpa jq;fs; jq;fs; mtjhdpg;G mtjhdpg;G ahJ? ahJ?
ahJ?
“xJq;FjYk;”> “,izjYk;” vd;w
,Uikg;ghq;F ,d;iwa fiy ,yf;fpa
Mf;fq;fspNy NknyOe;J tUfpd;wd.
rkfhyj;ija gpur;rpidfspy; ,Ue;Jk; Aj;jj;jpd;
tLf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; xJq;fp epw;Fk; Mf;fq;fs;
xUGwKk;> gpur;rpidf; Ftpaq;fNshL ,ize;J
rq;fkpj;J xd;wpj;Jg; gl;Lj; njwpf;Fk; fiy
,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs; kWGwKkhfj; JUtg;gl;L
epw;fpd;wd.
guj ehl;baf; fr;Nrupiag; ghu;f;Fk; nghONjh
my;yJ fu;ehlf rq;fPjf; fr;Nrupiaf; Nfl;Fk;
nghONjh mit vt;thW mit xJq;fp ,aq;Fk;
fiyfshfj; njhopw;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd
vd;gij mwpa KbAk;. fz;zfpah khjtpah
ngUk; ghj;jpuq;fs; vd;w gl;bkd;wf;
fijahly;fSk; xJq;fp apUf;Fk; fiyr;
nraw;ghl;bd; tbtk;jhd;. Nkw;$wpa fiyfs;
Nkl;Lf;FbapdUf;Fupa tbtq;fshf ,Uj;jypdhy;
gpur;rpidfspypUe;J xJq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; mtu;fsJ
csg;ghq;Fld; rq;fkkhfp tpLfpd;wJ.
Mdhy; rkfhyj;ija Gidfij kw;Wk;
ftpijfisg; gilg;Nghu; Nkw;Fwpj;j Nkl;Lf;
Fbj;jsj;jpypUe;J NtWgl;bUf;Fk; epiyapy;
gpur;rpidfNshL ,ize;J epw;Fk; fiyg;
gilg;Gf;fNshL rq;fkpj;J epw;fpd;wdu;.
gpur;rpidfNshL xd;wpize;J epw;wYk;>
gpur;ridfis mZFjYk; Mf;f ,yf;fpa
fhuuplj;J xg;gPl;lstpy; NkNyhq;fpAs;sd.
gpur;rpidfis epuhfupj;J ve;jg;
gilg;gpyf;fpaj;jpdhYk; Nknyo KbahJ. Mdhy;
vj;jifa gpur;rpidfis Nehf;Ffpd;wdu;
vd;gjpypUe;J mtu;fsJ r%f epiyg;ghL
njspTngWk;.
22) 22) ,q;Fs;s ,q;Fs;s ,yf;fpar; ,yf;fpar; rpw;wpjo;fs; rpw;wpjo;fs; rpw;wpjo;fs; fiy
fiy
,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa kugpy; kugpy; fhj;jpukhd fhj;jpukhd gq;F
gq;F
tfpf;fpd;wdth?
tfpf;fpd;wdth?
cyf ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpNy rpw;wpjo;fspd;
Njhw;wk; jdpj;Jtk; kpf;f gq;fspg;GfSld;
njhlu;Ggl;L epw;gijf; fhzyhk;.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 21

cyfpd; ngUk; vOj;jhsu;fs; rpw;wpjo;fspd;
topahNt Njhw;wk; ngw;Ws;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
jkpopYk; mNj epiyjhd;.
fdq;fhj;jpukhd fiy ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;igr;
nra;tjpYk; khw;Wr; rpe;jidfSf;F
,lkspg;gjpYk; ,q;Fs;s ,yf;fpar; rpw;wpjo;fs;
fzprkhd gq;fspg;igr; nra;J tUfpd;wd.
Mdhy; NkYk; vOr;rp nfhs;s ,lKz;L.
ngUq;fijahly;fSf;F cl;glhJ Xuj;jpYk;
tpspk;gpYKs;s fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;J tjpYk;
rpw;wpjo;fspd; gq;F Kf;fpakhdJ.
,d;iwa ,yf;fpar; rpw;wpjo;fis xNu
juj;jpYk; xNu gpuptpYk; mlf;fptpl KbahJ.
fUj;jpay; epiyapYk; ju epiyapYk;> mr;Rj;js
tpupg;G epiyapYk;> ,yf;F khe;ju; my;yJ ,yf;F
thrfu; epiyapYk; mtw;wpilNa NtWghLfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rpw;wpjo;fshy; Gjpa vOj;jhsu;fis mwpKfk;
nra;jYk; cw;rhfg;gLj;jYk; Kf;fpakhd
epfo;r;rpfshFk;.
xNu thu;g;G epiyapNy nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;
rpw;wpjo;fs; jkJ Af;jpfis khw;w
Ntz;bAKs;sd.
rpw;wpjo;fspd; gq;fspg;G mtw;wpd; juj;NjhL
njhlu;Ggl;Ls;sJ. gf;fq;fis epug;Gjy; my;y -
jukhdtw;iwj; jUjNy Kf;fpakhdJ. rpy
rpw;wpjo;fs; ,e;jg; gzpiar; nrt;tNd ,aw;wp
tUjYk; ghuhl;Lf;FupaJ.
juNk rpw;wpjo;fSf;Fupa gyk;.
23) 23) gy;Jiw gy;Jiw gy;Jiw rhu;e;j rhu;e;j E}y;fis E}y;fis E}y;fis mjpfkhf
mjpfkhf
ntspf;nfhzu;e;jikf;fhf ntspf;nfhzu;e;jikf;fhf cyfg; cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w Gfo;ngw;w
Gfo;ngw;w
mnkupf;f mnkupf;f mnkupf;f E}w;gl;bay; E}w;gl;bay; E}w;gl;bay; epWtdk; epWtdk; 2004Mk;
2004Mk;
Mz;Lf;fhd Mz;Lf;fhd Man of the year tpUjpidj;
tpUjpidj;
jq;fSf;F jq;fSf;F jq;fSf;F toq;fpaJ. toq;fpaJ. nrd;whz;by; nrd;whz;by; aho;
aho;
gy;fiyf;fofk; gy;fiyf;fofk; jq;fSf;F jq;fSf;F nfsut nfsut ,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa
,yf;fpa
fyhepjp fyhepjp tpUij tpUij toq;fpaJ. toq;fpaJ. jw;NghJ jw;NghJ
jw;NghJ
,yq;if ,yq;if muR muR rh`pj;jpa rh`pj;jpa ,uj;jpdh ,uj;jpdh tpUij
tpUij
toq;fpAs;sJ. toq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;j ,e;j tpUJfisg; tpUJfisg; tpUJfisg; ngWtjpy;
ngWtjpy;
jq;fsJ jq;fsJ czu;T czu;T vj;jifajhfTs;sJ?
vj;jifajhfTs;sJ?
tpUJfs; Kf;fpakd;W. vkJ nraw; ghLfNs
Kf;fpak;. ghupa Vw;wj;jho;TfSk; gyepiyahd
ghjpg;Gf;fSk; nfhz;l xU r%fj;jpy; ehq;fs;
tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. r%fj;ijg;
Gwe;js;sp tpl;L ehq;fs; xJq;fp tho KbahJ.
r%fNk vq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. r%f
mePjpfNshL tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fTk; KbahJ.
vq;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j fy;tpAk; njhopYk; r%f
ciog;gpdhy; fpilf;fg; ngw;wit.
kpf neUf;fbahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; aho;g;ghzg;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; cWjp jsuhJ cioj;Njhk;
vd;w kdepiwT vj;jid tpUJfSf;Fk;
NkyhdJ vd;w czu;Nt kyu;e;J epw;fpd;wJ.
NkNyhq;fpAk; epw;fpd;wJ.
Mokwpaf; fhiy tpL
- ftpQu; V.,f;ghy;
Mokwpe;Jjhd; fhiy tpl;Nld;
#oapUg;gtu; fhg;gnuDk;
#o;r;rpawpah jwptpoe;Njd;
J}f;fpnawpe;jdu; #o;e;jpUe;Njhu;
jhf;fKld; ePjp Nfl;L epw;f
kPz;Lk; mjDs; fhiy itj;Njd;
kPl;f KbahJ jho;e;J nry;y
kPl;f cjtp Nahu; rpf;fptpl;lhu;!
rpf;fypy; ehDk; mtu;fSld;
kpf;f ftiyAs; sho;e;J epd;Nwd;
mf;fiu fhl;ba murpay;thjp
gf;fkpUe;J ghk;ghl;b epd;whu;!
kpf;f ftdk; ehd; fhl;ltpy;iy!
cf;fpukhfNt mtu;fSUl;ba
rf;fuj;Js;Ns ehd; khl;bf;nfhz;Nld;!
,f;fiu fhzh Jod;W epd;Nwd;!
rhd;WfSs;sjiyt ndd;W
khz;ljhy; ,r;rjp te;jJNt!
kPz;bl mtu;Jiz Ntz;Ltjhy;
Mz;bl mtu;fSf; NfJkpy;iy
J}z;Lkpr; nray;fisawpahkNy
$z;Lf; fpspahfpf; Fuypoe;Njd;
jhz;br; nray;gLk; newpapDf;Fk;
fhz;blh epw;fpd;whu; nra;tnjd;d?
mwpthw;w ypy;yhj mw;gu;fis
mtu;thf;Nf apy;yhky; mZfpajpd;
ngWNgW ePu;NkNy vOj;jhfpLk;
ngw;wpLk; ,yhgk; Raktu;f;Nf!
twpatuhfpDk; fy;tp ty;yikahy;
tsNkwp Aau;tjhy; kf;fSf;Fk;
nrwpthd tho;Tf;F toptFf;Fk;
Fwpghu;j;J mjDs; slq;fpLNthk;!
22 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

epyntd;Dk; fyq;fiu tpsf;F neL kputpy;
jpirfhl;bahfj; jpfo
mijNehf;fp
miyfspNy Nkhjp miygl;L xUthW
fiuNjLk; glfha;f; fdNthL elf;fpNwd;.
kuq;fs; ciwe;j
Fd;wq;fs; NghypUf;f
“fhw;iw> mjd; FWk;igg;
nghWf;fhjhu; fl;bitj;jhu;?”
vd;nwidehd; Nfl;fpNwd;
,jaj; Jbg;Gf;F
RjpNruhr; rpy;tz;bd; ,iur;ry;
njwpj;jpUf;f
njhiytpnyhU Cio “,akdpdJ mRkhj;jk;
,Uf;Fk; tya”kpJ vd;Wiuf;fr;
Rjhupj;Njd;.
,Ul;flypy; ePe;jp ,yf;fila
epytpdJ
xspAjTk; vd;whYk;
cWKfpw ,akdpdJ
NkjpA+u;jp mr;rk; Iaj;Njh bjaj;jpd;
%iyapNy eha;Nghy;
vOe;J Rw;wpg; gLf;Fjlh!
vj;jid fyq;fiu tpsf;Ffisf;
fz;L tpl;Nlhk;?
vj;jid fyq;fiug; nghwpapy;ehk;
rpf;fp tPo;e;Njhk;?
vj;jid fyq;fiufs;... ‘fhdy; xsp’ ckpo
ek;gpNa Vkhe;J
ePwpa

N`u;dpah rj;jpurpfpr;irf;fhf Nkhfd;
md;W aho; Nghjdh itj;jparhiyapy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhd;. gf;fj;Jf;fl;bypy;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j xU Nehahspapd;
epiyik Nkhrkile;J lhf;lu;fs; te;J mtru
rpfpr;ir mspg;gjpy;
rpyNehahspfSk; vd;d VNjh vd;W
Xbte;jdu;. Nkhfd; gaj;jpy; fz;iz %bf;
nfhz;Nl gf;fj;jpy; gpNujk; gp];fw;
rhg;gpLtjhff; fj;jpdhd;. mtu;fSf;F epiyik
Gupe;J tpl;lJ.
“ml me;j Body ia vg;gNth nfhz;L
Nghapl;lhq;fs;. ,J Gjpjhf te;j Nf];.
Ngrhky;gL”
nrhy;yptpl;L> GWGWj;Jf; nfhz;L
Nghdhu;fs;| jq;fsJ epj;jpiuiaf; Fog;gpa
Mj;jpuj;jpy;.
jpl rpw;gk; nra;Nthk;
md;ig njhiyj;J
gz;ig cilj;J
Mde;juhl;rpak;
mikg;Nghk;
Njhk;ig tsu;j;J
tPk;ig tpijj;J
rkj;Jtk;
rNfhjuj;Jtk; fhz;Nghk;
Aj;jj;jhy; rkhjhdk;
fz;L
,e;j ehl;ilAk;
khw;WNthk; nrhu;f;f
Gupaha;
.....
ehq;fs;
tpj;jpahrkhdtu;fs;;
24 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

nghd;Dj;Jiuau;
ney;ypabia mz;kpj;J
mike;Js;s xU tptrhaf;
FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;.
kz;ntl;b gpbj;J cuj;j
fuq;fs;> fl;Lk];jhd
Njff;fl;L> ghu;f;fg;
gapy;thd;Nghy; fhl;rpaspg;ghu;.
jdJ %j;j kfis vl;Lf; fpNyh kPw;wu;
J}uj;jpy;> ty;iyntsp fle;jike;Js;s
Mtuq;fhy; vDk; Cupy; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;
nfhLj;jtu;. kfspd; tPl;by; VNjh tpNr\k;
vd;W Ngha; ,uT xd;gJ kzpf;Fg;
gpwFjhd; tPl;bw;Fg; Gwg;glj;jahuhdhu;.
gpujhd tPjpf;F te;J g];tUk; tiu
fhj;J epd;whu;. ,e;jpa mikjpg;gilapd;
fhynkd;wgbahy; xd;wpuz;L mrk;gh
tpjq;fs; fhuzkhf g]; Nrit
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
aho;efupypUe;J mLj;J mLj;J ,uz;L
g];fis ,tu;iffhl;b kwpj;Jk; kpjp
gyif Kjw;nfhz;L gpuahzpfs; epuk;gp
tope;jikahy; ,tiu Vw;whkNy g];fs;
Ngha; tpl;ld.
,dptu ,Ug;gJ glg]; vd;W
nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w filrp g];. ,ijtpl;lhy;
mNjh fjpjhd;.
,Njh me;jg]; tUfpwJ. ,JTk;
jd;id tpl;Ltpl;Lg;Nghdhy; NtW
topapy;iyNa vd;w mr;rj;jpy; eLtPjpapy;
te;J epd;W kwpj;jhu;. jtpu;f;f Kbahky; g];
epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jpYk; kpjpgyifapy; gyu;
epd;W gpuahzk; nra;fpw epiyikjhd;.
mg;gbapUe;Jk; nghd;Dj;Jiuahu; fhw;
ngUtpuiy itj;Jj; njhq;fpf; nfhz;L
Nghfj; jahuhfp VwKad;whu;. g];fz;lf;lu;
mij mDkjpf;ftpy;iy.
“,jpiy Vwp epz;L tpOe;J
rhfg;Nghwpash? VwNtz;lhk; Nghq;Nfh
mq;fhiy” - nghd;Dj;Jiuaupd; neQ;irg;
gpbj;Jj; js;shj Fiw.
“jk;gp> ,g;g vd;id Vj;jpf; nfhz;L
NghNfy;iyNah... gpd;dhiy elf;fpwijg;
ghu;”
fzlf;uu; gae;Jtpl;lhu;. ,e;j Nwhl;bNy
njhopy; epkpj;jk; jpdKk; te;jhfNtz;Lk;
vg;NghjhtJ xU ehs; jd;id g];]pypUe;J
tpOj;jp mbj;jhy; vd;d nra;tJ?
Nahrpj;jhu;.
“rup VWq;Nfh?” vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;lhu;.
nghd;Dj;Jiuau; xUthW Vwp
neupry;gl;L cs;Ns te;Jtpl;lhu;.
fz;lf;flu; fpl;lte;J>
“Vidah mg;gbr; nrhd;dpq;fs; g]; te;j
epiyikiaf; fz;ldpq;fs; jhNd>”
“mg;gb vd;d nrhd;ddhd;”
“Vj;jpf;nfhz;L NghNfy;iyNah
gpd;dhiy elf;fpwjg; ghu;... vz;ldpq;fs;”
“,g;gTk; ehd; mijj;jhd; nrhy;Ywd;
jk;gp. ePu;jhd; gpioaha; tpsq;fpl;Bu;”.
“ePu; vd;id g];]piy Vj;jpf; nfhz;L
Nghfhl;lhy; ,dpNtiw g]; ,y;iy| ehd;
ele;Jjhd; Nghf Ntz;Lk;. mJjhd; g];Rf;Fg;
gpd;dhiy elf;fpwijg; ghu;” vz;ldhd;.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 25

tho;f;ifapy;
ehd; gy vOj;jh
su;fisf; fhz Ntz;L
nkd;W Jbj;j vdJ
16taJ fhykJ.
t W i k a p d ;
fhuzkhf Ntiyf;Fg;
Nghf Ntz;ba #oy;.
epiwag; gbf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w Mty;
jilg;gl;lJ kl;Lky;y tpUk;gpa E}y;fisg;
gbf;fTk; Kbatpy;iy. E}y; epiya trjpfs;
mg;nghOJ fpilahJ.
,e;jpa murhq;fk; elj;jp te;j ifj;jwp
epiyaj;jpy; rhjhuz ‘vLgpb’ Ntiy fpilj;jJ.
mJTk; jw;fhypf jPghtsp Neuj;jpw;fhf. mq;Nf
gzpahw;wpa
ez;gu; xUtu;
k j p a k ;
rhg;ghl;L
Neuj;jpy; ele;J
Ngha;tplf;
$ba J}uj;jpy;
,Ue;j ,e;jpa
J}Jtuhyaj;jpy; ,e;jpag; gj;jpupiffisg; gbj;J
tpl;L te;J vdf;Fr; nrhy;Ythu;. mg;gb xU Kiw
nts;spf; fpoikfspy; mq;Nf tUk; fy;fpg;
gj;jpupifapy; eh.gh.tpd; FwpQ;rpkyu; njhlu;fij
gw;wp tuptupahfr; nrhy;yp vd; Mtiy
mjpfkhf;fpdhu;. ehDk; nts;spf;fpoik NjhWk;
,e;jpa J}Jtuhyaj;jpy; jQ;rkile;Njd;.
eh.gh.Tk; FwpQ;rp kyUk; vd;id
Ml;nfhz;ld.
1967Mk; Mz;L kNyrpa jkpo; vOj;jhsu;
rq;fj;jpd; Mz;Ltpohtpw;F mtiu
miog;gjw;F KbntLj;Njhk;.
mtu; te;jjpypUe;J jkpofk; jpUk;Gk; tiu
mtNuhL ,Ue;j me;jf; fhyk; vd;
tho;f;ifapy; ngupa khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;bUe;jd.
nghUshjhuj;jpYk; vOj;Jj; JiwapYk; ehd;
jPtpukhff; ftdk; nrYj;jpa NeukJ.
mtNuhL kNyrpahtpy; vy;yh Cu;fSf;Fk;
cld; nry;Yk; tha;g;G Vw;gl;lJ. mtiu kpf
kpf mZf;fkhfTk; nrhe;j tp\aq;fis
gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sk; msTf;Fk; mJ tsu;e;jJ.
jPgk; gj;jpupif Muk;gpj;j NeukJ. ehL
KOJk; 1000,w;F Nkw;gl;l re;jhjhuu;fisg;;
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Njhk;.
,sikapy; fy;tpf;fhf mtu;gl;l
Jd;gq;fis vd;dplk; $wpdhu;. kJiu jkpo;r;
rq;fj;jpy; jq;fpg; gbj;j me;j ehl;fis mtu;
nrhy;Yk; nghOJ ehd; vd;idNa mtupy;
fz;Nld;. tpj;Jthd; gl;lk; tiu mtu; gbj;j
me;j Nrhf ehl;fs; vd; tho;f;ifapYk;
xj;jpUe;jJ.
,e;jpa ifj;jwp epiyaj;jpy; Ntiy nra;J
nfhz;Nl ,uT Neuj;jpy; Mq;fpyk; fw;w me;j
ehl;fs; tho;f;ifapy; kwf;f Kbahj ehl;fs;.
Jd;gq;fSk; grpAk; gf;fk; gf;fkhf vd;NdhL
te;jd!
eh.gh. kNyrpahtpy; ,Ue;j ehl;fspy; gyNgu;
tpUe;Jf;F mioj;Jk; mtu; mijj; jtpu;j;jhu;.
Mdhy; F.mofpuprhkpapd; ez;gu; jhb
mz;zhkiy mtiuf; fhiy cztpw;F
mioj;jnghOJ clNd xg;Gf; nfhz;L
vd;idAk; mioj;Jr; nrd;whu;. mq;Nfjhd;
F.m.Nky; mz;zhkiyAk; e.gh.Tk;
itj;jpUe;j kjpg;Gk; kupahijAk; vt;tsT
cau;thdJ vd;gij mwpa Kbe;jJ.
kNyrpahtpd; rpd;dQ;rpwpa Cu;fspYk;
mtupd; FwpQ;rp kyUf;F thrfu;fs;
,Ue;jhu;fs;. nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; ngupa
tuNtw;Gf; fpilj;jJ.
vOj;J> ,yf;fpak; gw;wp mtuplk; epiwaj;
njupe;J nfhz;Nld;. ve;j Neuj;jpYk;
vOj;jhsd; Rakupahijia ,of;ff; $lhJ
vd;gjpy; gpbthjkhf ,Uf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhz;Nld;.
ve;j epiyapYk; vOj;jhsd; jdJ
Rakupahijia ,oe;J tplf;$lhJ vd;gjpy;
mtu; gpbthjkhf ,Ue;jhu;.
fy;fpapy; Mrpupag; gFjpapy; gzpahw;w
jpU.rjhrptk; eh.ghit mioj;jnghOJ
Kjypy; gpbthjkhf kWj;jijAk; gpwF
mtupd; Ranfsutj;jpw;F cj;jputhjk; je;j
gpwNf mq;Nf Ntiyf;Fg; NghdijAk;
$wpdhu;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF mtupd;
jd;khdk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l nghOJ mq;fpUe;J
tpyfp jPgk; ,jio Muk;gpj;jJ gw;wp epiwa
vd;dplk; $wpdhu;.
mtu; kNyrpah te;j nghOJ ifapy; jPgk;
,yq;if rpwg;G kyiuf; nfhz;L te;jpUe;jhu;.
mJNghy xU kNyrpa rpwg;G kyu; ntspapl
Ntz;Lnkd;w Ntz;LNfhis itj;j nghOJ
“jPgj;jpw;nfd;W xU juj;ij ifg;gpbf;fpNwd;.
me;jj; juj;jpw;F kNyrpag; gilg;Gfs; te;jhy;
epr;rak; ntspapLNtd;” vd;whu;.
26 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

kNyrpah gw;wp jkpof VLfs; vijAk;
ntspapLtjpy;iy vd;w Fiwghl;il ehd;
njhlu;e;J nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L ,Ue;Njd;.
“rup> ePq;fNs kNyrpaf; fbjj;ij khjkhjk;
vOJq;fs;!” vd;whu;. jkpof jkpo; gj;jpupif
tuyhw;wpy; ‘fly; fle;j jkpofk;’ vd;w gFjpapy;
kNyrpah> ,yq;if> gk;gha; fbjq;fisj; njhlu;e;J
jPgj;jpy; ntspapl;lhu;. ,J mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy;
gjpTnra;aNtz;ba Kf;fpa nra;jp.
kNyrpag; gazk; Kbe;J rpq;fg;G+Uf;F mtNuhL
nrd;Nwd;. rpq;fg;G+u; jkpo; KuR gj;jpupifapd;
Mrpupau; jkpoNts; Nfh.rhuq;fghzpapd;
tpUe;jpdu;fshf mq;Nf jq;fpNdhk;.
rpq;fg;G+upYk; mtUf;F epiwa thrfu;fs;
,Ue;jhu;fs;. jkpoNts; Nfh.rhuq;fghzp gy
$l;lq;fSf;F Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;jhu;.
eh.gh.tpd; Nky; Nfh.rhuq;fghzp kpFe;j
kupahij itj;jpUe;jhu;.
Nfh.rh. vd;dplk; “mtUf;Fg; gad;gLk; VjhtJ xU
nghUs; md;gspg;ghfj; juyhnkd;W epidf;fpNwd;.
vd;dntd;W Nfl;Lr; nrhy;Yq;fs;” vd;whu;.
“Reminton” jkpo; ilg; iul;lu; ,Ue;jhy;
cjtpahf ,Uf;Fnkd;W eh.gh.$wpdhu;.
Nfh.rh.Tk; xU Gjpa ilg; iul;liu thq;fpf;
nfhLj;jhu;. mij ,ytrkhfg; ngw eh.gh.
tpUk;gtpy;iy. jkpo; Kurpy; ‘fghlGuk;’ ehtiy
njhluhf vOjpf; nfhLj;jhu;. ,Jjhd; eh.gh.tpd;
fghlGuk; gpwe;j fij.
ehq;fs; kPz;Lk; kNyrpah jpUk;gp kWehs;
eh.gh. tpkhdk; %yk; jkpofk; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk;.
Mdhy; ,ilapy; N[h$u; khepyj; jiyefupy;
Nfh.rh. tpd; ez;gu; eh.gh.tpw;fhf xU $l;lj;ij
Vw;gLj;jptpl;lhu;. jtpu;f;f Kbatpy;iy. N[h$u;
kfhkhupak;kd; Nfhapypy; $l;lk; Kbe;J ,uT
tpUe;Jk; Kbe;J Gwg;glyhnkd;why; me;jf;
fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,uT 10.00 kzpf;FNky; ve;jg;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; Nfhyhyk;G+Uf;F ,y;iy. ehq;fs;
Gwg;gl;lnghOJ ,uT 12.30. kzp. kWehs;
tpkhdk;. eh.gh tpd; gjw;wj;ijf; fhz Kbe;jJ.
Nfhgj;jpy; Kfk; rpte;Jtpl;lJ.
“vg;gbAk; mDg;gp itf;fpNwd; vd;W Nfh.rh.
Muk;gj;jpNyNa $wpapUe;jhu;.
12.45f;F rpq;fg;G+upypUe;J gj;jpupiffis
Nfhyhyk;G+Uf;F nfhz;L NghFk; Ntd; te;jJ. mJ
rpwpa Ntd;. Kd;gf;fk; Xl;LeUk; cjtpahsUk;
cl;fhu;e;jpUe;jhu;fs;. gpd;gf;fk; gj;jpupiffs; fl;Lf;
fl;lhf mLf;fp itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. ,Ue;j
,ilntspapy; ,UtUk; Vwp gj;jpupiffspd; Nky;
gLj;Jf;nfhz;Nlhk;. eh.gh ve;jtpj
Kfr;Ropg;igAk; fhl;ltpy;iy.
ghjptopapy; mtuplk; Nfl;Nld;. “,e;j trjp
Fiwe;j gazj;jhy; tUj;jkh?”
“mnjy;yhk; ,y;iy jk;gp! ,ijtpl Nkhrkhd
epiyikfis mDgtpj;jtd; ehd;. ,q;NfahtJ
ey;y tpUe;J itj;J mDg;G fpwhu;fs;. ,sikapy;
vj;jidNah ,uTfs; ePu; kl;Lk; mUe;jp nghOij
Xl;bapUf;fpNwd;” vd;whu;.
“,Jtiu vd;idg; ngau; nrhy;ypj; jhNd
mioj;jPu;fs;. ,g;nghOJ ‘jk;gp’ vd;fpwPu;fs; Vd;?”
vd;W Nfl;Nld;.
“fle;j xU khjkhf vdf;fhf Ntiynay;yhk;
tpl;Ltpl;L vy;yh ,lj;jpw;Fk; te;jPu;fs;. xU
rNfhjuidtpl md;G fhl;bdPu;fs;. ‘jk;gp vd;W
miog;gJjhd; vdf;F kdepiwthf ,Uf;fpwJ.”
me;j md;Gk; ghrKk; mtu; kiwAk;tiu
,Ue;jJ.
mtu; jkpo; ehl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;Gk; nghOJ tpkhd
epiyaj;jpy; “MSf;nfhU rpWfijj; njhFg;igf;
nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;. mg;gb
Kbahtpl;lhy; $l;lhf gy vOj;jhsu;fspd;
fijfisf; nfhz;l E}iyf; nfhz;L thUq;fs;
vd;whu;. 1967y; mg;gb E}y; NghLtJ mt;tsT
Rygkhdjhf ,y;iy. Nfhyhyk;G+u; jkpo; ,isQu;
kzpkd;wj;jpd; %ykhf ‘kzpf;fijfs;’ vd;w
njhFg;igf; nfhz;L te;Njhk;! njhFg;ghsu;fshf
ehDk;> vk;.FkhuDk;> rhkp%u;j;jpAk;
gzpGupe;Njhk;. juj;jpy; gpbthjkhf ,Ue;Njhk;.
Kd;Diuia mg;Nghija kyhah gy;fiyf;fof
,e;jpaj;Jiw jiytu; ,uhk.Rg;igahTk;>
mzpe;Jiuia eh.ghu;j;jrhujpAk;> tpku;rdj;ij
,yq;if urpfkzp fdf.nre;jpehjdplKk; thq;fp
ntspapl;Nlhk;. kzpf;fijfs; kfj;jhd
tuNtw;igg; ngw;wJ. me;j E}Yf;F mzpe;Jiu
toq;fpa eh.gh. mjpy; MW fijfisf; nfhz;l
jPgk; kNyrpa kyiuf; nfhz;L te;jhu;. mtu;
nrhd;d thf;iff; fhg;ghw;wpdhu;.
,d;Wiu murpaypy; ehd; ,y;yhJ Nghdjw;F
eh.gh. jhd; fhuzk;. “ehk; ,yf;fpathjpahfNt
,Ug;Nghk;. murpay; ekf;F Ntz;lhk;.
murpaYf;Fg; Nghdhy; ePq;fs; ahuhtJ xUtupd;
gf;fk; rhu;e;J epw;f Ntz;Lk;. cq;fs; vOj;Jr;
Rje;jpuk; gwpNgha;tpLk;” ,ij mtu; ,q;Nf ,Ue;j
xU khjKk; gpwF vdf;F vOJk; fbjq;fspYk;
njhlu;e;J typAWj;jp te;jhu;.
gpw;fhyj;jpy; mtNu murpay; jsj;jpy;
nray;gLfpwhu; vd;gijawpe;J ehd; mtuplk;
fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;s Neu;e;jJ.
Mdhy; ,Wjptiu fUj;J NtWghLfs; vq;fs;
el;igg; ghjpf;ftpy;iy. jPgj;jpy; ehd; kNyrpaf;
fbjk; vOJtij epWj;jptpl;Nld;. mtUf;F mjpy;
epiwa tUj;jq;fs; ,Ue;jd.
ePq;fs; Nghl;l ‘,yl;Rkzd; Nfhl;il ePq;fNs
vg;gbg; jhz;l KbAk;? vd;W ehd; vOjpa fbjk;
mtiu kpfTk; Ntjidf; Fs;shf;fpaJ. mjd;
gpwF mtu; fbjk; vOJtij epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;.
1977Mk; Mz;L ehd; Kjd; Kjyhf nrd;id
nrd;w nghOJk; mtiur; re;jpf;ftpy;iy. ehd;
jq;fpapUe;j N`hl;lYf;F ,UKiw te;Jk;
vd;idf; fhz Kbahky; jpUk;gpdhnud;W gpwF
mwpe;Njd;.
Mdhy; ,d;W vOj;Jyfpy; ehd; ehdhf ,Uf;f
mtNu fhuzk;. 1967-2009 ,e;j 42 Mz;Lfspy;
ehd; el;gpw;Nf Kjyplk; je;Js;Nsd;.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 27

new;wpia kiwj;jpUe;j tpg+jpg; gl;il>
nts;is Ntl;b Nky; Rw;wg;gl;l gl;Lr; rhy;it>
Njhspy; xU Jzpg; ig. rhy;itia ePl;b
mtu;fs; nfhLf;Fk; gzj;ijf; Fk;gpl;L
thq;fpdhd;.
,d;wy;y mtd; ,g;nghOJ xU khj
fhykhf ,g;gbj;jhd; gpioj;Jf;nfhs;fpwhd;.
vg;gbAk; xU ehspy; Mapuk; &gha;f;Ff;
FiwahJ gpioj;Jf; nfhs;thd;. mtd;
Fwpf;NfhSk; mJthfNt ,Ue;jJ.
Rl;Lg; nghRf;Fk; ntapiyAk; kjpf;fhJ
mtd; xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU ,lkhfr;
nrd;W if ePl;bg; gzj;jpw;fhfg; gpr;ir Nfl;gjpy;
kdk; ,irahtpbDk; vd;d nra;tJ? ,e;jr;
r%jhaj;jpy; ,g;gbj;jhd; gpiof;fyhk; vd;w
rpe;jpg;G mtDf;Fg; gyk; Nru;f;f
,g;nghOnjy;yhk; gof;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ.
mjdhNyjhd; mtd; Jzpfukhf xU
Cupy;> ‘gps;isf;F Neu;j;jpf; fld;> vd;why;
NtnwhU Cupy; ‘md;djhdj;jpw;F tpUk;gpa
jhdk;’ nra;af; Nfl;ghd;. gf;jp g+u;tkhd mtd;
Ntz;Ljy;fSk; ntspg;ghLfSk; kf;fis
cs;sKUf itj;JtpLk;. vg;gbAk; Ik;gNjh
E}Nwh xU tPl;bypUe;J fpilg;gJ cWjp.
nts;spf;fpoikfspy; KWfz;bg; gps;is
ahuplk; mtd; tUif jg;ghJ. ve;jf;
NfhapyhapDk; jdpahfNt epd;W
vy;NyhiuAk; ,uq;f itj;jhYk; me;j mjpfhu
tu;f;fj;jpdupd; jpl;Lf;fs; mtidAk; tpl;L
itg;gjpy;iy.
“,g;g tpg+jpg; g+r;Rf;fNshl epf;Fq;fs;|
,utpy FbjhNd...
guNjrpf; $l;lq;fs;”
mtd; nrtpfspy; cs;sj;ijj; ijj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
,Ue;jdu;.
mtu;fs; jpl;Lk; Nghnjy;yhk; nts;is Ntl;bAk;
Nru;l;Lk; mzpe;j me;j KjyhspNa njupthd;.
mtDk; ,g;gbj;jhd;. jd; tapw;Wg; grpf;fhf xU
Ntiy je;jtiu ed;wp fye;j ghu;itNahL
ghu;f;Fk; xt;nthU ghu;itAk; Kjyhsp jd; mjpfhug;
ghu;itia mtd; kPJ VTthu;.
vjw;nfLj;jhYk; mtNd vy;yhg;
gopfisAk; Rkf;Fk; mk;ghf..
me;j nts;is Milahy; mtu;
Nghu;j;jpapUe;j mOf;F kdk;> md;W
muq;Nfwpw;W.
mtuJ filapy; ahNuh xUtd;
jpUbg;Nghd gzj;ij ngUkhs; mb cij
thq;fp gwpj;J te;J nfhLj;jNghJ>
“cdf;F ehd; nfhLj;j ,lk;> vd;u
gzj;ijj; jpUBw;W vdf;Nf nfhz;L te;J
jhwha;... ,wq;flh thrw;gbia tpl;L.
filnfl;l ehNa!”
mjpfhuk; mtUf;F Cf;fkUe;jhf...
czTf;Fk; topaw;wtdha; ngUkhs;.
tTdpahtpypUe;J VNjh xU NgUe;jpy;
njhw;wpf; nfhz;lhd;.
md;W vLj;j jPu;f;fkhd KbTjhd; ,e;j
kbg;gpr;ir.
jdf;Fg; gpiog;Gj; je;j nja;tj;jpw;F
jpdKk; rpW gzj;ij vLj;J itj;jhy;jhd;
mtdhy; epk;kjpahfj; J}q;f KbAk;. mjpy;
mtDf;Nfh> mtd; kdr; rhl;rpf;Nfh ve;jtpj
Ml;NrgidAk; ,y;iy. mjw;fhf jhd;
,g;gbNa gpiof;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w
vz;zKkpy;iy.
Nrkpj;j gzj;jpy; rpwpJ rpwpjhfg;
nghUl;fis thq;fp itf;fpwhd;. fw;g+ug;
ngl;bfs;> CJgj;jpfs; mtdpd; Kjw;
nfhs;tdT. mtw;NwhL Ngid> ngd;rpy;>
nfhg;gpfSk;. xU rpW filf;fhd nghUl;fis
thq;f ,d;Dk; nrhw;g gzk; Njitg;gl;lJ.
,uT Mo;e;j Nahridapy; gLj;jtDf;F
me;jj; jpl;lk; jd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fg;
NghJkhdnjd;w g+upg;G.
28 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

,uz;L jfug; ngl;bfs;>
njspthf vOJfpwhd;. ‘jpUg;gzp
cz;bay;.’
Mtzp QhapW KWfz;bg;
gps;isahu; Nfhapypy; vg;gbAk;
cz;bay; epuk;gp tpLk;.
fhiy ehd;F kzpf;
nfy;yhk; Nfhapypd; kuj;jpd; fPo;
itj;J jhDk; xU ,lj;ijj;
Njb mku;e;J nfhz;lhd;.
,ilapilNa gps;isahiuf;
Fk;gpLk;ghq;fpy; cz;baiy
Nehl;lkpLk; fz;fs;.
“gps;isahug;gh! ehd;
xz;Lk; fs;s Nty nra;Nay;y
ePjhd; cjt NtZk;” gykhf
%d;W Kiw jiyapy; Fl;b
gpuhu;j;jid nra;jhd;.
“,e;j Kjyhspfis
mlf;fpwJf;F xNu top ,Jjhd;.
ehq;fs; kdpruhg; Ngha; gpiog;Gj; jhq;Nfh vz;lhy;
kpjpf;fpwtq;fs; flTnsz;lJk; vt;tsT
gag;gpLwhq;fs;. ehfg+rzp vz;L tha; jpwe;J %L
Kd;dk; ifapy fhR.”
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tof;fkhfj; jhd; xJq;Fk;
me;j fl;llr; Rtupd; Xu; Xuj;jpy; thq;fpa
nghUl;fSld; NkYk; thq;f Ntz;ba
nghUl;fisAk; gl;baw;gLj;Jfpwhd;.
gf;fj;jpy; cz;bay; fdj;j ghuj;Jld;...
jd; ,U iffisAk; ,izj;Jj; J}f;Ffpwhd;.
,d;NwhL ,e;j kbg;gpr;irf;F KOf;Fg;
NghlNtZk;. fil tUkhdk; NghJk;.
“vjpu;tUk; Qhapw;Wf; fpoik Mtzpr;
rJu;j;jpf;fhd tpNrl g+i[fs; ,lk; ngWk;” vd;w
Mya mwptpj;jy; epidTf;F tu mjid tpahghu
Muk;g ehshfTk; Fwpj;J tpLfpwhd;. mJtiu
Njitahd nghUl;fis rpwpJ rpwpjhf thq;fyhk;
vd;w rpe;jid ,ioNahbf; nfhz;bUf;f
mtidawpahkNy xU ngU%r;R.
Rtupd; gpd;gf;fkha;..
xUtdpd; jiy vl;bg;
ghu;f;fpwJ.
fhf;fpr;rl;ilg; nghyp];;fhud;!
,g;NghJjhd; me;jj;
jiyiaf; ftdpj;jpUf;fpwhd;.
iffs; jhkhfNt gpd;dpf;
nfhs;s> vOk;Gfpwhd;.
tz;b tpiue;J gwf;fpwJ.
“Nru;! Ke;jehs; Vohiy
KUfd; Nfhapy;y fsT Nghd
cz;bay; fhR ehyhapuk;
&ghAk; g+irg; nghUl;fSk;...”
me;jf; fhf;fpr; rl;ilf;
fhudpd; rY}l;Lk; kpFjpahd
kupahijfspd; fyitNahLk;
,d;];ngf;ublk; Kiwg;ghL
gjpthfpwJ.
mtd; $Wtijf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUe;j ngUkhs; mjpu;r;rpaile;jhd;.
“Iah! ,J ehd; KWfz;by Nrj;jJ.. ,jpiy
ehyhapuk; ,y;iy ...gj;jhapuk; ,Uf;FJ.
vz;zpg;ghUq;f cz;ik njupAk;” vd;whd;.
gpd;dhy; ,Ue;J xUgykhd cij..
nghyp];fhudpd; rg;ghj;Jf; fhy;fs; mtidg; gjk;
ghu;j;jd.
“ngha;ahlh nrhy;Ywha;? %thapuk;jhd;
,Uf;FJ.. vq;flh kPjpf;fhR... ? cijj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl Nfs;tp njhLf;fpwhd; me;jg;
nghyp];fhud;.
kPjp VohapuKk;...! vq;Nf?- mtd; Fok;gpg;
Nghfpwhd;
kdjhy; fzf;Fg; ghu;f;fpwhd;;. mg;NghJjhd;>
mtdJ %is nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf Ntiy
nra;fpwJ.
me;j VohapuKk; fhf;fpr; rl;ilahy;
Nghu;j;jg;gl;ltu;fspd; “kbg;gpr;ir” Mfptpl;lJ.
ghuhSk‹w¤âš mÞt® v«.ã. 25.11.2011ïš M‰¿a ciuÆÈUªJ...
“ïy§ifÆš jÄÊš gy fiy ïy¡»a áW rŠáiffŸ Ú©l fhykhf bgU«
nghuh£l¤Jlndna btËtªJbfh©oU¡»‹wd. F¿¥ghf flªj
1946fËÈUªJ blhÄÅ¡ éthit MáÇauhf¡ bfh©L btËtU« kšÈif
kšÈif
k‰W« lh¡l® â. Phdnrfuid MáÇauhf bfh©L btËtU« Phd« Phd«, Phd«
mªjÅ éthit MáÇauhf bfh©L btËtU« bfhGªJ bfhGªJ, bfhGªJ guÙjuid
MáÇauhf¡ bfh©L btËtU« éteâ éteâ ï¥goahf gy rŠáiffŸ btËtªJ
bfh©oU¡»‹wd. m¤jifa áW rŠáiffS¡F mur k£l¤âyhd
mDruiz tH§f¥glš nt©L«. mur ÃWtd§fË‹ És«gu§fis
m¢rŠáiffS¡F tH§Fjš m¤jifa mDruizÆš x‹whf mikayh«”.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 29

Gyk;ngau;e;j gy vOj;jhsu;fspd;
gilg;Gf;fis ehk; gj;jpupiffs;> rQ;rpiffs;
topNa gbj;J tUfpNwhk;. me;epa ehl;by;
,Ue;Jnfhz;L jkpo;kPJ nfhz;l gw;iw ,d;Dk;
czu;e;J mtu;fs; gilg;Gf;fis gilg;gijg;
ghu;j;jhy; ghuhl;lhky; ,Uf;f KbahJ. me;j
tifapy; ru;tNjr jkpo; vOj;jhsu;fspy; Gyk;ngau;
tho;T gw;wpa rpWfijj; njhFg;ig Kfq;fs; vd;w
ngaupy; njhFj;Jj; je;jpUf;fpwhu; tP. [PtFkhud;
mtu;fs;.
tp];tNrJ ,yf;fpa ghyj;jpdhy; ntspaPL
nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; ,j;njhFg;G E}y; 551 gf;fq;fspy;
Ik;gJ vOj;jhsu;fspd; rpwe;j fijfis
cs;slf;fp ntspte;jpUf;fpwJ. Kfq;fs; vd;w
ngaUf;Nfw;whw;Nghy Gj;jfj;jpd; ml;ilapYk; gy
Kfq;fs; cs;slf;fg; gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
njhFg;ghrpupauhd jpU. tP. [PtFkhud; jdJ
ciuapy; fPOs;sthW jd; cs;sj;ijj;
jpwe;jpUf;fpwhu;.
Xuhz;Lfhy gjpg;gfj;Jiw mDgtk;>
%d;whz;Lfhy vOj;Jj;
Jiw mDgtk;>
,Ugj;J %d;whz;Lfhy
Gyk;ngau;tho;T mDgtk;.
,e;j %d;Wk; vdf;Fj; je;j
ijupaKk;> vd; Kfk;
njupahkNyNa vd;id Mjupj;j
vd; vOj;jhs ez;gu;fs; je;j
MjuTk;jhd; ,e;jj; njhFg;G
cq;fs; ifapy; jtof; fhuzkha;
mikfpwJ.
,e;jg; Gyk;ngau;e;j jkpou;fs;
vd;w nrhy;ypdhy; ehd; cl;gl
mNef vOj;jhsu;fs; ,yq;if
kf;fsplkpUe;Jk;> ,yq;if
,e;jpa vOj;jhsu;fsplkpUe;Jk;
me;epag;gLtJ gw;wp vd;WNk
vdf;F kdtUj;jk; cz;L. ...
,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu
fl;Lehaf;fhtpy; ,Ue;J tpkhdk; VwpaTld; my;yJ
uhNk];tuj;ij Nehf;fp VjhtJ xU flypy; ,Ue;J
ts;sk; Gwg;gl;lJk; midtUk; Gyk;ngau;e;j
tu;fs;jhd;. jj;Jf;nfhLf;fg;gl;l xU gps;is
vt;thW ngw;NwhUf;F gpwj;jpahFNkh mt;thNw
ehKk; vk; ,dj;jpw;F gpwj;jpauha;g; NghtJ
frg;Gld; tpOq;f Ntz;ba xU khj;jpiujhd;
vd;fpwhu; jpU. tP. [PtFkhud; mtu;fs;.
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l rpwe;j rpWfijfis
njhFj;J fdjpahd Gj;jfkhf Mf;fpapUf;Fk;
mtuJ Kaw;rp kfpo;r;rpaspf;fpwJ. Fwpg;gpl;l ehl;by;
tjpAk; gilg;ghspfspd; gilg;Gf;fs; Nru;j;J
mr;rplg;gl;l gy Gj;jfq;fs; ntspte;jpUf;fpd;wd.
mjpypUe;J khWgl;L gy ehLfspYk; tjpAk;
Gyk;ngau; vOj;jhsu;fspd; gilg;Gf;fis
xd;Wjpul;b ,e;jg; Gj;jfj;ij ntspf;nfhzu;e;
jpUf;fpwhu; jpU tP. [PtFkhud; mtu;fs;.
Kjy; rpWfijahd Kjpu;gidfis
epA+rpyhe;ijr; Nru;e;j mfpy; vOjpapUf;fpwhu;.
%d;W Gjy;tu;fspd; jpUkzj;ijg; ghu;f;fh
kNyNa ,we;JNghfpwhu; mk;kh ghu;tjp. mjw;fhd
fhuzq;fis %d;W
kfd;khUk; nrhy;tjhf
,f;fij mike;jpUf;fpwJ.
Kjy; kfd; Nru;[d;
rpt&gd;. jhd; fhjypj;j
epu;kyh vd;w ngz;iz
ngw;Nwhu;fs; tpUk;ghj
fhuzj;jhy; rpt&gdhy;
jpUkzk; Kbf;f ,ayhky;
NghfpwJ. jw;NghJ mtUf;F
ehw;gj;ije;J tajhfpAk;
gpuk;kr;rhupahfNt ,Uf;fpwhu;.
,uz;lhtJ kfd; rptNerd;.
39 taJ. fg;gypd; jiyaha
vQ;rpdpau;. fg;gy; ve;j ehl;bd;
fiuapy; eq;$ukpLfpwNjh
mq;Nf rptNerd; GJ
khg;gps;is MfptpLthu;.
kuzj;jpd; fjTfisj; jl;Lk;
ghypay; Nehiaf; nfhz;ltu;. Mjyhy; kdrhl;rp
30 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

tpopj;jjd; epkpj;jk; jpUkzj;ij ,uj;J nra;J
tpLfpd;whu;. %d;whtJ kfd; rptr;nry;td;. Nghu;
tpkhdj;jpd; tpkhdpNahl;b. Aj;jq;fisg; ghu;j;j
mjpu;r;rpapy; kdey kUj;Jtiuj; Njbg;Nghf mtu;
rpy kUe;Jfs; nfhLf;fpd;whu;. mit xUtupd;
Mz;ikia ,of;fg;gz;zp tpLfpwJ.
rptr;nry;tDk; ,e;j ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shdjhy;
,tUk; kzKbf;fhkNyNa ,Ue;JtpLfpwhu;. Mf
nkhj;jj;jpy; gps;isfspy; xUtUila
jpUkzj;ijahtJ jha; ghu;f;ftpy;iy.
mUikahd fijahliyf; nfhz;lJ ,e;jr;
rpWfij.
mk;kh mk;khjhd; vd;w fijia NahNf];tup
rptg;gpufhrk; vOjpapUf;fpwhu;. ePz;l
ehl;fSf;Fg;gpwF ntspehl;bypUe;J jhiag; ghu;f;f
tUfpwhs; kfs; kJuh. kJuh cl;gl mtspd;
kfSk;; ehfuPfj;jpw;Nfw;g Mil mzpgtu;fs;.
xUKiw kJuhtpd; ngupak;khtpd; gps;isfs;
ntspehl;Lg; ghzpapy; Milfis mzptijf;
fz;L mk;kk;kh jpl;btpLfpwhs;. mNjNghd;W
jdJ kfis jdJ mk;kh jpl;b tpLthNuh vd;W
gag;gLfpd;whs; kJuh.
Mdhy; vd;d Mr;rupak;. mf;fk;gf;f tPl;L
gps;isfSf;F mk;kh ,g;gbr; nrhy;tijf; fz;L
Mde;jkilfpwhs; kJuh.
‘vd;u Ngug;gps;isaisg; ghj;jpaNs! vd;d
];iuapyha; ];khl;lha; ,Uf;fpdk;. ePq;fSk; me;j
khjpup ,Uf;f goFq;Nfh. mitaisg;Nghy
cLj;J> mitaisg;Nghy Ngrp..’
gpuhd;rpypUe;J N[hjpypq;fk; vOjpa ‘yh
rg;gy;’ vd;w fij msTf;F kPwp ehfuPfj;jpy;
jpisj;J ,Wjpapy; capiu ,oe;j Atjpiag;
gw;wpaJ. gy;fiyf;fof ,uz;lhk; Mz;L
epiwitnahl;b khzt khztpfs;> tpupTiu
ahhsu;fs; ,ize;J xU nfhz;lhl;lj;ij Vw;ghL
nra;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
fOj;jb gl;bid G+l;lhky; ntspf;fpl;l kfis
jLj;J epWj;Jk; gupksk; mij G+l;lr;nrhy;yp
mjl;Lfpwhs;. mjw;F rptuQ;rdpNah ‘mJ iu
fl;bdhy;jhd; G+l;bwJ mk;kh. Mf;fs; ghj;jhy;
rpupg;gpdk;’ vd;fpwhs;.
‘mJ rpupj;jhy; rpupf;fl;Lk;. eP tbtha; G+l;L’.
FkUfSf;F VJk; ele;J KbQ;rhg; gpwF Cu; cyfk;
rpupf;fpwJf;FKjy; ,J guthapy;iy| vd;fpwhs;
mk;kh gupksk;.
mk;khtpd; toikahd Rg;gpughjj;ij fhjpy;
thq;fhky; Gwg;gLk; rptuQ;rdp Gifapuj
epiyaj;jpy; ngz;fspd; foptiwf;Fs; Eioe;J
mehfuPfkhd Mil> cjl;by; fWg;G ik G+rp
tpj;jpahrkhd Nghf;fpy; jdJ ez;gpfSld;
,ize;J gazpf;fpwhs;.
khiyapy; Mgp]; Kbe;jTld; yh rg;gYf;Fg;
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njhlu;GfSf;F: njhlu;GfSf;F: - - visvasethu@gmail.com
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Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 31

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32 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

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Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 33

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34 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

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vd;Wk; $Wk; xU fbjj;ij K];ypk; Nerd;
gpuRupj;;jJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; rpj;jpnyg;ig
mtuJ vjpuhspfshy; jPtpukhf tpku;rpf;fg;gl;lhu;.
mtu; 1884y; fz;bia tpl;Lf; nfhOk;Gf;F
te;jNj rl;lrigg; gjtpapy; Fwpitj;Jj;jhd;
vd;W mtuJ vjpupfs; mtiuf; Fw;wk; rhl;bdu;.
rpj;jpnyg;igf;F vjpuhf gpurhuk; nra;tjw;Nf
ru;trd Nerd; vd;w xU gj;jpupifiaAk; 1886y;
,tu;fs; ntspapl;ldu;.
K];ypk; cau; Fohj;jpdu; rl;lrigapy;
jq;fSf;nfd;W jdpg; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; Ntz;Lk;
vd;W Nfhupf;if tpLj;j ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy;jhd; rl;l
rigapy; jkpou;fisAk; K];ypk;fisAk;
gpjpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpa nghd;dk;gyk; uhkehjd;
K];ypk;fis Mj;jpug; gLj;jpa xU fUj;ij
1885y; rl;lrigapy; ntspapl;lhu;. gpd;du; jd;
fUj;ij tpupTgLj;jp Nwhay; Mrpa rq;fj;jpy; “The
Ethnology of “Moors” of Ceylon” vd;w jiyg;gpy;
xU Ma;Tf;fl;Liu gbj;jhu;. K];ypk;fs; xU jdp
,df; FOkk; my;y> mtu;fs; kjk; khwpa
jkpou;fNs vd;gJjhd; mtuJ fUj;jpd; rhuk;.
mJtiu jq;fis xU jdp ,df; FOkkhfTk;
muhgpaupd; topj;Njhd;wy;fshfTk; fl;likj;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 35

jpUe;j K];ypk; cau; Fohj;jpdiu ,J
mjpu;r;rpf;Fk; Mj;jpuj;Jf;Fk; cs;shf;fpaJ.
K];ypk; czu;T fpsu;e;njOtjw;F toptFj;jJ.
K];ypk; milahsk; gw;wpa czu;it
Mog;gLj;jpaJ. rpj;jpnyg;ig cldbahf ,jw;F
vjpu;tpidahw;wpdhu;. ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd;
tuyhW gw;wp K];ypk; Nerdpy; njhlu;r;rpahf
vOjpdhu;. ,uhkehjdpd; Ma;Tf;F xU tpupthd
kWg;G vOJk; vz;zk; mtUf;F ,Ue;jJ.
Mdhy; mJ rhj;jpakhftpy;iy. vdpDk; mtUld;
rPlu; Nghd;W neUq;fpg; gofpa I. vy;. vk;. mg;Jy;
m]P]; mtUila fUj;Jf;fis tpupTgLj;jp
,uhkehjdpd; Ma;Tgw;wpa xU tpku;rdj;ij A
Criticism of Mr. Ramanathan’s Ethnology of Moors of
Ceylon vd;w E}yhf 1907y; ntspapl;lhu;. jkJ
tuyhW> ,dj;Jtk; gw;wpa K];ypk; cau;
Fohj;jpdupd;> Fwpg;ghf rpj;jpnyg;igapd;
ghu;itapd; xU KOikahd tbtkhf ,J
mike;jJ.
19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; ,yq;ifapy;
rpj;jpnyg;ig jiyik jhq;fpa K];ypk; kWkyu;r;rp
,af;fk; nkhopia md;wp kjj;ijNa K];ypk;
milahsj;jpd; rpd;dkhff; fl;likj;jJ.
K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy; kj czu;it tsu;g;gJ
mtu;fspd; r%f mirtpaf;fj;Jf;Fk; ,dj;Jt
xd;wpizg;Gf;Fk; mtrpak; vd mtu;fs;
czu;e;jdu;. ,f;Fwpf;NfhSld;jhd; 1886y;
rpj;jpnyg;igAk; mtuJ rfhf;fSk; [kpaj;Jy;
,];yhkpah vd;Dk; ,];yhkpa mikg;nghd;iw
cUthf;fpdu;. K];ypk; milahsj;ij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy;
,];yhkpa czu;it tsu;g;gJk;> K];ypk;fspd;
r%f> murpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F ciog;gJk;
,t;tikg;gpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. K];ypk; r%fj;ij
,];yhk; kag;gLj;Jjy; [kpaj;Jy; ,];yhkpahtpd;
cUthf;fj;jpd; gpd;dzpapy; ,Ue;j fUj;J
epiyahFk;.
19Mk; E}w;whz;by; nraw;gl;l ,];yhkpa
kakhf;fy; my;yJ ,];yhkpa etPdj;Jtk; vd;gJ
etPd fy;tpngw;w cau; Fohj;jpduhYk; kuGtop
cykhf;fshYk; tpsf;fg;gl;ltifahd ,];yhkpa
%yf; nfhs;iffspd; mbg;gilapy; K];ypk;fis
Md;kPf uPjpapYk; gz;ghl;L uPjpapYk;
If;fpag;gLj;Jk; xU Kaw;rpahfNt mike;jJ.
kWkyu;r;rpahsu;fshy; ,];yhj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk;ghdJk; %lek;gpf;if rhu;e;jJk; vdf;
fUjg;gl;l r%f-fyhrhu> kjg; gof;fq;fis
[kpaj;Jy; ,];yhkpah mfw;w Kad;wJ.
cjhuzkhf mlf;f];jy topghL> Nga; gprhRfspy;
ek;gpf;if> ,tw;Wf;fhd ehl;lhu; rpfpr;ir njhlu;ghd
rlq;F rk;gpujhaq;fs; Nghd;wit ,tu;fspd;
,yf;Ffshapd. ,j;jifa eilKiwfs; gw;wp
rpj;jpnyg;ig K];ypk; Nerdpy; tpupthf vOjpdhu;.
mtiug; nghWj;jtiu ,e;j eilKiwfSk;
ek;gpf;iffSk; gFj;jwpTf;F Kuzhdit>
gzj;ij tPz;tpuak; nra;git. ,ijtpl
Kf;fpakhf xUtUila my;yh`; kPJs;s
ek;gpf;ifia CWgLj;Jgit. rpj;jpnyg;ig
,j;jifa ehl;lhu; eilKiwfis Cf;fg;gLj;Jk;
cykhf;fSf;F vjpuhfTk; vOjpdhu;. mtu;fs;
gzj;Jf;fhf kjj;ij tpw;gtu;fs; vd;Wk; kjj;jpy;
thOk; xl;Lz;zpfs; vd;Wk; tUzpj;j
rpj;jpnyg;ig rPjd KiwiaAk; epuhfupj;jhu;.
mtiug; nghWj;jtiu xUtu; jd; khkdplkpUe;J
rPjdk; thq;FtJ ntl;ff;NflhdJ.
nra;aj; mfkj;fhidg;Nghy; rpj;jpnyg;igAk;
xU etPd gFj;jwpTthj ,];yhj;ijNa gpurhuk;
nra;jhu;. mJNt cz;ikahd ,];yhk; vd;Wk;
mjd; %yNk K];ypk;fis etPd cyFf;Fs;
nfhz;Lnry;y KbAk; vd;Wk; mtu; epidj;jhu;.
jd; fhyj;J ,];yhkpa cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd
K];ypk; kWkyu;r;rpahsu;fisg; Nghd;Nw
etPdg;gLj;Jjy; ,];yhkpa kag;gLj;Jjy; vd;Dk;
,ul;ilg;ghijapy; mtu; nrd;whu; vdf; fUjyhk;.
,];yhNk vy;yhtpjkhd etPdg;gLj;jy;
Kiwikf;Fk; mbg;gilahf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;
vd;W mtu; epidj;jhu;. etPd fy;tpf;Fk; r%f
rPu;jpUj;jj;Jf;Fk; vjpuhf ,Ue;j cykhf;fSf;F
vjpuhfTk; mtu; Nghuhl Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ.
,];yhk;> ,];yhkpa Md;kPfk; njhlu;ghd gy
fl;LiufSk; E}y;fSk; mtu; vOjpdhu;.
,j;Jiwfs; rk;ge;jkhd mtuJ Mokhd mwpit
mit Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. M];whUy; Myk;
(gpugQ;rj;jpd; ku;kq;fs;) vd;Dk; mtuJ E}y;
,];yhkpa ,iwapay;> Md;kPfk;> eilKiw
tho;tpy; ,];yhj;jpd; epiy> mjpy; nra;ag;gl
Ntz;ba rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; vd;gd gw;wpg;
NgRfpd;wJ. #wj;J]; ]yhj; K];ypk;fspd; Ie;J
flikfSs; xd;whd njhOif gw;wpaJ. ,jid
nghUsw;w xU rlq;F vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;J
nghUSila xU Md;kPfr; nraw;ghlhf
Nkk;gLj;JtJ gw;wp ,J NgRfpd;wJ. ,jd;
%yNk xUtu; jd;id xU cz;ikahd ,yl;rpa
K];ypkhf khw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJ mtu;
fUj;J. ,tu; 1992y; Qhd jPgk; vd;Dk; xU
rQ;rpifiaAk; ntspapl;lhu;. ,J KOikahf
kjtpthfhuk; gw;wpa tplaq;fSf;fhfNt
ntspte;jJ. K];ypk; Nerd; K];ypk; r%fj;ij
murpay; uPjpapy; xd;wpizf;f Kad;w mNjNtis
Qhd jPgKk; kjk; rhu;e;j mtuJ vOj;Jf;fSk;
mjw;F xU Md;kPfj; jpirtop fhl;l Kad;wd.
rpj;jpnyg;igapd; fUj;Jepiy> r%f kWkyu;r;rp
njhlu;ghd ,g;gpd;dzpapy; mtuJ ehtiy
Nehf;FtJ mJgw;wpa $Ljyhd tpsf;fj;ij
thrfUf;Fj; juf;$Lk;.
3
rpj;jpnyg;igapd; mrd;Ng rupj;jpuk;
,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ jkpo; ehty; vdf;
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J mrd;NgAila fij
vd;Dk; ngaupy; 1884 [_iy khjj;jpypUe;J
K];ypk; Nerdpy; njhlu; fijahf ntspte;jJ.
gpd;du; 1885y; ,Nj ngaupy; K];ypk; Nerd; mr;rfk;
36 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

,jid E}yhf ntspapl;lJ. ,jd; ,uz;lhk;
gjpg;G 1890y; mrd;NgAila rupj;jpuk; vd;w
ngaupy; nrd;id mu;r; #irag;gu; mr;Rf;$lj;jpy;
gh. K`k;kJ mg;Jy;yh rhfpg; vd;gtuhy;
ntspaplg;gl;ljhfj; njupfpwJ. gpd;du; ,e;E}y;
nrd;id `h[p vk;. V. \hFy; `kPJ md; rd;];
epWtdj;jpduhy; gyKiw gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhf
,e;E}iyf; fz;Lgpbj;J 1974y; kPs; gjpg;Gr; nra;j
v];. vk;. fkhy;jPd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,e;ehtypd;
ngau; 2Mk; gjpg;gpy; ,Ue;j cila vd;Dk; cUG
ePf;fg;gl;L mrd;Ng rupj;jpuk; vd;W vg;NghJ> ahuhy;
khw;wg;gl;lJ vd;W njupatpy;iy. \hFy; `kPJ
epWtdj;jpdNu mijr; nra;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W
A+fpf;f ,lk; cz;L. ,jd; %yg; gpujpia ,Jtiu
ahUk; ghu;j;jjhfj; njupatpy;iy. “,g;NghJ
thrfu;fSf;F ehk; toq;Fk; ,g;gjpg;G gy
jtpu;;f;fKbahj fhuzq;fshy; ,dk; fhzhj xU
gjpg;gpypUe;Nj cUthfpd;wJ” vd ,jd; 1974Mk;
Mz;Lg; gjpg;Gf;F vOjpa Kd;Diuapy; mjd;
gjpg;ghrpupau; fkhy;jPd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. %yg;
gjpg;Gld; xg;G Nehf;fhjtiu gpe;jpa gjpg;Gfspy;
NtW VjhtJ khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sdth
vd;gij mwpa tha;g;gpy;iy.
mrd;Ng rupj;jpuk; Muk;g fhyj; jkpo; ehty;
kugpy; tUk; xU gilg;G. rhfrq;fSk; ku;kq;fSk;
jpBu;j; jpUg;gq;fSk; fpisf;fijfSk; nfhz;L
tpupAk; xU GidT. Ntjehafk; gps;isapd;
gpujhg Kjypahu; rupj;jpuj;Jld; xg;gplf;$baJ.
,j;jifa Gidfijfis Mq;fpy tpku;rfu;fs;
Romance vd;gu;. jkpopy; ehty; vd;w nrhy;
tof;ifNa ehk; vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; gad;gLj;J
fpd;Nwhk;. rpj;jpnyg;igapd; ,e;j ehtYf;F
VjhtJ muG %yk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;W
njupatpy;iy. jkpo;f; ftpij kugpYk;> fij
kugpYk; mtUf;F ,Ue;j ey;y gupr;rak; ,e;j
ehtypy; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;tifapy; ,J
Kw;wpYk; mtuJ nrhe;jg; GidthfNt ,Uf;fyhk;.
rpj;jpnyg;ig Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;Lk; tifapy;
,];yhkpa etPdj;Jtk; gw;wpa jd; fUj;Jf;fis
mrd;Ng rupj;jpuj;jpy; Kd;itf;f Kay;fpwhu;. ,e;j
ehtypd; fjhehafd; mrd; (,J `rd; vd;gjd;
jkpo;kag;gl;l tbtk;) ghspd; vd;Dk; Mq;fpy cau;
tu;f;f fpwp];jt mofpa ,sk; ngz;kPJ fhjy;
nfhs;fpwhd;. mts; ,];yhj;Jf;F kjk; khwpa gpd;du;
xU rq;fpypj; njhluhf tUk; rpf;fy;fisj; jhz;b
mtis kzk; nra;fpwhd;. fij vfpg;J> ,e;jpah>
nga;&j; vd;gtw;iwf; fskhff; nfhz;L tpupfpwJ.
,J ,yq;ifiag; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;ljy;y.
rpj;jpnyg;igapd; ehty; ntspg;gilahfNt
mwg;Nghjid Nehf;fk; nfhz;lJ. ,];yhkpa
tho;f;if Kiwapd; cau;itf; fhl;LtJ
Mrpupaupd; Nehf;fk; vd;W njupfpwJ. jdJ gpujhd
ghj;jpukhd mrid ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;ifapy; Mo
Nt&d;wpa xU etPd K];ypk; ,isQdpd; khjpup
cUthf mtu; gilj;jpUf;fpwhu;.
mrd; nry;thf;Fs;s vfpg;jpa mikr;ruhd A+#g;
gh\htpd; kfd;. mtd; Foe;ijahf
,Uf;Fk;NghNj mtdJ rpw;wd;idapd;
J}z;Ljyhy; ,e;jpahTf;Ff; flj;jpr; nry;yg;gl;L xU
mugpa K];ypkhd [t;gu; vd;gtuplk;
ifaspf;fg;gLfpwhd;. Foe;ijg;NgW ,y;yhJ
jtpj;j [t;gUk; mtuJ kidtp Map\hTk;
mrdpd; gpwg;G ufrpak; mwpahj epiyapy; my;yh
jkf;F mspj;j gupR vd epidj;J mrid
kfpo;NthL tsu;f;fpd;wdu;. mrd; #uj;jpy; xU ey;y
,];yhkpa FLk;gr; #oypy; tsu;fpwhd;. muG> `pe;jp>
ghurPfk;> Mq;fpyk; Mfpa nkhopfs; mtDf;Ff;
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mtdJ gjpdhY tajpy;
Map\h kuzkilfpwhu;. [t;gu; fhzhkw;
Nghfpwhu;. mtu;fs; ,UtUk; jdJ cz;ikahd
jhAk; jfg;gDk; my;y vd;gJ mtDf;Fj;
njupatUfpwJ. mtd; xU nfhiy Kaw;rpapy;
,Ue;J jg;gp fy;fj;jh tUfpwhd;. mq;F mjpu;\;;l
trkhf gpupl;b\; ftu;dUf;F cjtpnra;a Neupl;L
mtupd; jj;Jg;gps;isahfpwhd;. ftu;du;
fy;fj;jhtpy; mtd; fy;tp fw;gjw;F Vw;ghLnra;fpwhu;.
mtd; INuhg;gpa topapy; ‘ey;nyhOf;fKk; ehfuPf
elf;ifA kiltjw;fhf’ jd; tPl;Lf;F thuk; NjhWk;
tUk;gbAk;> jd; kidtp kf;fSlDk; mq;F tUk;
fdthd;fSlDk; neUq;fpg; goFk;gbAk; mtu;
mridf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpwhu;. ,t;thW xU K];ypk;
,isQdhd mrd; INuhg;gpa gz;ghl;il
mDgtpj;J mwptjw;fhd xU tha;g;igg;
ngWfpwhd;.
mrd; ftu;du; khspiff;F thuk;NjhWk; te;J
mtu;fSs; xUtdhfpwhd;. mtd; INuhg;gpa
,isQu;fSld; Ntl;ilf;Fg; Nghfpwhd;. ,sk;
ngz;fSld; ,ir> eld rhiyfSf;Fr;
nry;fpwhd;. Nkw;fj;ija ,irapYk; gpahNdh
thj;jpaj;jpYk; mtd; xU epGzdhfTk;
khWfpwhd;. mtd; “,g;gb INuhg;gpNuhL
,iltplhJ gofpte;jjhy; mtu;fSila ehfuPfk;>
cgrhuk; Kjypa jpUj;jkhd eilAil ghtid
Kjypaitfs;” mtDf;Fk; ‘gbe;Jtpl;ld.’
mofhd ,sk; ngz;fSld; fye;J goFtjw;Fk;
nfl;Lg;Nghtjw;Fk; mrDf;F Vuhskhd
tha;g;Gfs; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> mtd; ,iwar;rk;
cs;s xU ,];yhkpaj; J}a;ikthjpahf
,Ue;jjdhy; mtDf;F mtu;fs; kPJ ghypay;
J}z;ly; xUNghJk; Vw;gl;ljpy;iy. mtu;fs;
mtd;kPJ Mirnfhz;L> mDf;fhf Vq;fp>
mtidNa fdTfz;lNghjpYk; mtd;
mtu;fisj; jd; nrhe;jr; rNfhjupfs; NghyNt
fUjpdhd;. mrd; ,sikapd; ,d;gj;ijg;
G+uzkhf mDgtpf;Fk; epiyapy; ,Ue;j
NghjpYk;> jPa topfisj; jtpu;j;J
ed;dlj;ijiaNa Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whd;. mtd;
vg;NghJk; my;yhtpd; jz;lidf;Fg; gae;jNj
mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. xt;nthU ,uTk;
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gpuhu;j;jpf;fpwhd;:
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 37

“ehaNd nad;idg; gupNrhjpf;Fk;gbf;F eP
vd;idg; Gwkj];ju;fSf;fpilapy; nfhz;L te;J
tpl;bUf;fpwha;> vd;id kUl;lj;jf;f Nrhjidfs; vd;
gf;fj;ijr; #o;e;jpUf;fpd;wd> Mifahy;
,j;jPikfSf;F ehd; ,lq;nfhlhky; vd;Dila
nfhs;isf; $l;lj;jpduhy;
flj;jpr;nry;yg;gl;l ghspid kPl;L gpd;du;
mtisNa jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;L mtSld;
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,t;thW rpj;jpnyg;ig ,yl;rpa G+u;tkhd xU
K];ypk; ,isQid cUthf;Ffpwhu;. mtd;
,];yhk;> Nkw;FyF Mfpatw;wpd; xU gz;ghl;Lf;
fyit. mtuJ fjhehafd; jd; ,];yhkpa
ek;gpf;ifiaAk; mjd; kjpg;gPLfisAk;
mwnewpfisAk; ,of;fhkNyNa Nkw;fpd; etPd
mwpitAk; mjd; rpy gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fisAk;
jdf;fhf;fpf; nfhs;fpwhd;.
rpj;jpnyg;igapd; ehty; fpwp];jtj;ijtpl
,];yhj;jpd; Nkd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;lTk;
Kay;fpd;wJ. MapDk; mtu; jd; ehtypy;
fpwp];jtk; gw;wpNah NtW ve;j kjq;fs; gw;wpNah
rhjfkhfNth my;yJ ghjfkhfNth ve;jf;
Fwpg;GfisAk; $wtpy;iy. mtuJ fhyj;J
ngsj;j> ,e;J kWkyu;r;rpahsu;fs; fpwp];jtj;Jf;F
vjpuhf gpur;rhuk; nra;jJNghy; rpj;jpnyg;ig jd;
ehtypy; ntspg;gilahf vjpu;g;gpur;rhuk;
nra;atpy;iy. gjpyhf> mtuJ ehtypy; ,lk;ngWk;
%d;W Kf;fpa fpwp];jt ghj;jpuq;fshd ftu;du;>
nlypq;ud; gpuG> ghspd; MfpNahu; cau;thdtu;
fshfNt rpj;jpupf;fg; gl;Ls;sdu;. ftu;du; xU
je;ijNghy; mridg; guhkupj;J mtdJ
Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F cjTfpwhu;. ve;j xU
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mtid kjk; khw;Wtjw;Nfh
my;yJ kjk; fhuzkhf mtid xJf;Ftjw;Nfh
mtu; Kaytpy;iy. ,tu;fs; %tUk; gz;ghl;L
uPjpapYk; xOf;f uPjpapYk; kpfTk; cld;ghlhd
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fjhehafp ,];yhj;ijj; jOTtJ mts; mrd;kPJ
nfhz;l fhjypdhy; kl;Lky;y. mtsJ nrhe;j
tu;f;f NtWghLfs;
fhuzkhf mtd; mtis tpl;L ePq;fNt
Kay;fpwhd;. Mdhy;> jd; nrhe;j tpUg;gpd;Ngupy;
ghspd; ,];yhj;ijj; jOtpf;nfhs;fpwhs;. mridj;
jd; ,jaj;jpy; itg;gjw;fhf Gdpj kjj;jpdhy;
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mrdpd; cjtpNahL mts; mt;thW nra;fpwhs;.
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jpUkzk;nra;Jnfhs;s Kbahky; NghdhYk;
my;yhtpd; cjtpahy; kW cyfpyhtJ jhq;fs;
xd;wpiza KbAk; vd;W mts; ek;Gfpwhs;.
fijapd; ,Wjpf;fl;lj;jpy; mts; ,];yhj;Jf;F
kjk;khwpapUg;gij mtsJ jfg;gd;
mwpatUk;NghJ> jhd; muGnkhopy; cs;s mNef
fpjhGfisg; gbj;J ,];yhk; cz;ikahd
khu;f;fk; vd;gij czu;e;Jnfhz;ljhy; jhd;
my;yh`;it ek;GtjhfTk; mtidNa
topgLtjhfTk; mjw;fhf jd;kPJ Nfhgg;gl
Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; jfg;gdplk; $Wfpwhs;.
nlypq;ud; gpuGTk; epfo;e;j rk;gtq;fis
nay;yhk; mwpe;j gpd;;du; my;yh`; ngupatd; vd;Wk;>
fg;gk; ngWtjw;fhfj; jd; kfisf; flj;jpr; nrd;w
nfhs;isau;fsplk; ,Ue;J mtisf; fhg;ghw;wpaJk;
my;yh`;Nt vd;Wk; ek;Gfpwhu;. mrDf;Fj; jd;
kfisj; jpUkzk; nra;JnfhLf;fpwhu;. nlypq;ud;
gpuGTk; cykhf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; cupaKiwapy;
kjk;khwp mg;Jy; w`;khd; vd;Dk; ,];yhkpag;
ngaiuAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhu;. ghspd; Mkpdh vd;w
ngau; ngWfpwhs;. ,t;tifapy; rpj;jpnyg;ig
fpwp];jtj;ijtpl ,];yhk; cau;e;jJ vd;W
epWTfpwhu;.
mrDf;Fk; ghspDf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
jpUkzj;ij ,];yhj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;FyFf;Fk;
,ilapyhd jpUkzk; gw;wpa xU 19Mk;
E}w;whz;Lg; ghu;itahfTk; ehk; tpsf;fKbAk;.
rpj;jpnyg;ig jdJ fjhehafDf;F mtdJ kj
gz;ghl;Lr; #oypy; tsu;e;j xU ngz;izad;wp
Nkiyj;Njag; gz;ghl;by; tsu;e;j xU
ngz;izr; Nrhbahf;FtJ md;iwar; #oypy;
kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cilaJ. rpj;jpnyg;ig
goikthj my;yJ kuGtop ,];yhj;ijAk;
Nkw;FkakhjiyAk; epuhfupf;fpd;whu;. mtu;
,];yhk; kag;gLj;jy; %ykhd xU etPd
kag;gLj;jiy tpUk;gpdhu; vd ehk; fUjyhk;.
mtuJ fhyj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu ,ij xU
Kw;Nghf;fhd fUj;Jepiy vdf; fUjKbAk;.
ngz;fisg; nghWj;jtiu rpj;jpnyg;igapd;
ghu;it ,Uepiyg;gl;ljhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
20Mk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjptiu ,yq;ifapy;
K];ypk; ngz;fs; tPl;iltpl;L ntspNa nry;y
mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Mz;fNs mtu;fSila
Njitfisf; ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;fs;. kWkyu;r;rp
,af;fj;jpd; jiyikr; nraw;ghl;lhsUk;>
ngz;fy;tpia Kd;ndLj;jtUk;> ngz;fSf;fhfg;
gy ghlrhiyfis Muk;gpj;jtUkhd rpj;jpnyg;ig
$l ,jpy; jhuhsthjpahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,ijg;
38 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

nghWj;jtiu kuGtop cykhf;fSld; mtUf;F
cld;ghL ,Ue;jJ. 1892 [dtupapy; rpj;jpnyg;ig
ftu;du; n`tnyhf;if mtuJ miog;gpd;Ngupy;
ngz;fy;tp njhlu;ghfg; NgRtjw;F mtuJ
,y;yj;jpy; re;jpjj;NghJ fz;bapy; K];ypk;
ngz;fSf;fhf rpj;jpnyg;ig elj;Jk;
ghlrhiyiag; Ngha;g; ghu;f;Fk; jd; tpUg;gj;ij
ftu;du; mtuplk; njuptpj;jhu;. Mdhy;> mJ
ngz;fSf;fhf ngz;fshNyNa elj;jg;gLk;
glrhiyahifahy;; Mz;fs; tp[ak; nra;tij
mtu;fs; tpUk;gkhl;lhu;fs; vd;Wk;> rPkhl;b
`tnyhf; tUtij tuNtw;ghu;fs; vd;Wk;
rpj;jpnyg;ig ftu;dUf;Ff; $wpdhu;. jhd;
ahUila MjuTld; me;jg; ghlrhiyia elj;j
tpUk;gpdhNuh me;jf; ftu;dUila tpUg;gj;Jf;F
vjpuhf vg;gb rpj;jpnyg;ig ,];yhkpar; #oiyg;
ghJfhf;f Kad;whu; vd;gij ,r;rk;gtk;
fhl;Ltjhf kpFe;j ghuhl;Lzu;NthL mkPd;
(2000:117) ,J gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. rpj;jpnyg;ig
jhNd ,g;ghlrhiyf;F xUNghJk; tp[ak;
nra;jpUf;fkhl;lhuh vd;w Nfs;tp ekf;F vof;$Lk;.
kuz tPLfs;> jpUkz tPLfs;> fe;J}up tpohf;fs;
vd;gtw;wpy; ngz;fs; fye;Jnfhs;tij K];ypk;
Nerdpy; rpj;jpnyg;ig jPtpukhff; fz;bj;Js;shu;.
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Fspg;gJ `whk; vd mtu; vOjpAs;shu;. K];ypk;
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fhl;bdhu;fs; vd;gij ,r;rk;gtq;fs; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
rpj;jpnyg;igapd; fUj;Jepiy mbg;gilapy;
Mz; Kjd;ikg;gl;lJ vdpDk; mtuJ ehtypy;
Mz; ngz; ,ilapyhd cwT njhlu;ghd rpy
jhuhsthjg; gbkq;fis mtu; rpj;jpupf;fpwhu;.
mtuJ ngz; ghj;jpuq;fSs; \k;Rd;dp`hu;>
[§iy`h> ik%d; Mfpa %tUk; cld;ghlhd
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mtu;fs; RahjPdkhfr; nraw;gLfpd;wdu;.
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fhjypf;fpd;wdu;. jdJ ngw;Nwhu; jd;id
NtnwhUtUf;F kzk;nra;J nfhLf;f
Kay;tjdhy; \k;Rd;dp`hu; tPl;iltpl;L
ntspNawp jd; fhjyidj; Njbr;nry;fpwhs;.
topapy; mts; mridr; re;jpf;fNeu;fpwJ.
mtdplk; jd; fijiar; nrhy;fpwhs;. [yhYj;jPd;
M/g;fhdpapd; Gul;rp ,af;fj;jpy; Nru;e;J Njr
tpLjiyf;fhfg; NghuhLk; jd; fhjyd; mg;Jy;
rkijr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf mrdpd; JizAld;
vfpg;jpy; ,Ue;J nga;&j; Nehf;fp fg;gypy; ePz;l
gazk; Nkw;nfhs;fpwhs;. mts; mrid Kjypy;
re;jpj;jNghJ Kfj;jpiuia mzpe;Jnfhs;fpwhs;.
mtDld; gof;fk; Vw;gl;L gu];gu ek;gpf;ifAk;
el;Gk; tsu;e;j gpd;du; Kfj;jpiu ,y;yhky;
NeUf;FNeu; Kfk;ghu;j;J mtDld; NgRfpwhs;.
rpj;jpnyg;igiag; nghWj;jtiu ,J xU
Gidfij ajhu;j;jkhf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; 19Mk;
E}w;whz;Lg; gpd;dzpapy; ngz;fs; gw;wpa xU
rhjfkhd gbkk; ,J vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
,e;j ehtypy; rpj;jpnyg;ig ifahSk;
ciueilAk; mtu; fijnrhy;Yk; KiwAk;
Rthurpakhit. 19Mk; E}w;whz;by; tsu;r;rp
aile;jpUe;j fy;tprhu; ciueilapd; Xu;
,];yhkpar; rhaiy ehk; ,jpy; fhzyhk;. gioa
nra;As; kugpd; ghjhjpNfr tUzid Kjy;
,ilf;fhyr; nra;As;fspy; ,Ue;J Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;bj;
jd; fUj;ij epWTk; ghz;bj;jpa cj;jptiu
rpj;jpnyg;ig ,jpy; gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. ajhu;j;j
ehty;fspd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F Ke;jpa fw;gdhthjg;
Gidfijfspd; fijnrhy;Yk; kuig mtu; ,jpy;
rpwg;ghfg; gad;gLj;jp ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;;.
kA+uk; Ntjehafk; gps;isia mLj;J r%f
rPu;jpUj;j Nehf;fpy; Gidfijiag; gad;gLj;jpa
xU Kf;fpakhd Rthu];akhd fijnrhy;ypahf
ehk; rpj;jpnyg;igiaf; fhz;fpNwhk;.
19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kf;fpakhd njw;fhrpar;
rpe;jidahsu;fSs; xUtuhfTk; r%f
kWkyu;r;rpahsu;fSs; xUtuhfTk; kl;Lkd;wp
Kf;fpakhd Kjy; jkpo; ehtyhrpupau;fSs;
xUtuhfTk; rpj;jpnyg;ig jd;id
epiyepWj;jpf;nfhz;lhu; vd;gij ,e;ehty;
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. xU E}w;whz;L
fope;jgpd;dUk; ,J Njhd;wpa r%f tuyhw;Wg;
gpd;dzpapy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,g; Gidfij xU
r%f thuyhw;W Mtzkhf ,d;Wk; ek; Kd;
capu;g;NghL ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
(Fwpg;G: rpj;jpnyg;ig gw;wpa Kf;fpakhd
jfty;fSf;F mkPd; (1997)> ,yq;if
K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;wpy; mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig
E}Yf;F ehd; ngupJk; flikg;gl;Ls;Nsd;)
gad;gl;l gad;gl;l E}y;fs;
E}y;fs;
mkPd;>vk;. I. vk;. (1997)> ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd;
tuyhw;wpy; mwpQu; rpj;jpnyg;ig> nj`pty> my;-`rdhj;
ntspaPL
mkPd;>vk;. I. vk;. (2000)>,yq;if K];ypk;fspd;
tuyhWk; fyhrhuKk; (1870-1915)> khtdy;y> my;-`rdhj;
ntspaPL
Azeez, A. M. A. (1964), The West Re-Apprised,
Maharagama, saman Publishers Ltd.
Gandhi, Rajmohan, (1987), Understanding the Muslim
Mind, India, Penguin Books.
Hiro, Dilip (1988), Islamic Fundermentalism, London,
PladinGrafton Books.
Jayawardena, Kumari (1990), Ethnic and Class Conflict
in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sanjiva Books
Jayawardena, Kumari (2000), Nobodies to Somebodies:
the Rise of Colonial Bourgeoisie in Sri Lanka, Colombo,
Social Scientist Assiciation.
Khan, Adeel, (2005), Politics of Identity: Ethnic
Nationalism and the State in Pakistan, New Delhi, Sage
Publishers.
Nuhman, M.A. (2007), Sri Lankan Muslims: Ethnic
Identity within Cultural Diversity, Colombo, International
Centre for Ethnic Studies.
Tibi, Bassam, (1981), Arab Nationalism – A Critical
Enquiry, London and Basingstoke, The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 39

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nra;tjw;F> re;ju;g;gk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy vd;W
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nksytpkhu;fSf;Fk;; ngupa Nghl;bahk;.
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%j;jk;kh> thrypy; Nghl;bUf;Fk; CQ;rypy;
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nfhz;bUf;fpwh. vg;gbahtJ jd; fztupd; tUlf;
fj;jj;ij xOq;fhf Xjptpl Ntz;Lnkd;gjpy;
mtf;F> jzpahj Mir. fj;jj;ij ey;ygb Xjp>
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,d;Dk; nyg;igAk; NkhjpDk; tutpy;iy.
thrypy; epw;Fk; thio kuj;jpypUe;J fhfq;fs;
fj;jpf;nfhz;bUg;gijg; nghWf;f Kbahky;> vq;fs;
eha; nghl;L> Fiuf;fpwJ.
mg;nghOJ> Nyhshg;gf;fPu;u kfd; xd;dug;
gpq;fhd; nrapyhg;jPd; tUfpwhd;. ,tndhU
kdNehahsp. ,tDf;F ngw;Nwhu;fs;> cwtpdu;fs;
,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. rpd;dtajpNyNa
,td;> kdNehahspahfp tpl;ljhy;>
mtu;fs; ,tid xOq;fhg;
ghu;g;gJkpy;iy> ftdpg;gJ kpy;iy.
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gpr;irf; fhirr; Nru;j;J> ,td;
jhaplk; nfhz;L Ngha;f; nfhLj;J
tpl;L tUthd;. rjh> fhilepwr;
rhwDld;> xU gr;ir epw uPNrl;ilg;
Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> xd;diug;
gpq;fhd; vd;Dk; gl;lj;NjhL
Cnuy;yhk; miye;J jpupAk;
,tDf;F epue;ju ,Ug;gplk;
fpilahJ. grpj;jhy;; cupikNahL
vtUila tPl;byhtJ Ngha;r; rhg;gpl;Ltpl;L epj;jpiu
te;jhy; ve;j ,lj;jpyhtJ Ngha;j; J}q;Fthd;.
,tid ahUk; tpul;LtJkpy;iy> Jd;GWj;JtJ
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vy;NyhUf;Fk;> ,dk; Gupahj xU tpj ghrk;. thrypy;
te;J epw;Fk; nrapDyhg;jpd;> CQ;rypy; ,Uf;Fk;
%j;jk;khitg; ghu;j;J jd; fhtp epwg; gw;fisf;
fhl;br; rpupf;fpwhd;. mtidg; ghu;j;J vq;fs;
rpd;dj;jk;gp ifia Ml;b> Ml;b Fjpf;fpwhd;.
%j;jk;kh> “nrapDyhg;jpd;! fdfhyj;jpf;F
nghwF> Nehd;Gg; ngUehisf;F fdf;f fhnry;yhk;
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xdf;nfd;d uhrh kfd;. Nghw vlnky;yhk; NrhW>
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tUthf.” vd;W md;gh $wptpl;L> nkJthf CQ;ry
Ml;bj; jk;gpia J}q;f itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwh.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 41

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Fj;jpupe;jh jhfh” vd;W nrapDyhg;jpd;
Nfl;fpwhd;.
“Nla;! eP ,e;j mQ;rp &gh Fj;jpiaAk;> xd;dug;
gpq;fhd; Nrhj;ijAk; xUehSk; clkhl;bah?
nuz;L %Z &gh fhrp> GOf;ifahUf;F
xUehSk; xj;JtuhJ... Cupy kdprd; xU rjk;
fhrpf;F> Mj;jf; fl;b ,iwf;fhd;... mtsT gQ;rkh
,upf;F.” vd;W nrhy;yp> vsak;gp mLg;gbf;Fs;
Nghfpwhd;.
vsak;gpapd; fijia fzf;nfLf;fhky;>
Nrhw;iw vjpu;ghu;j;J> nrapDyhg;jpd; Fj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. vq;fs; tPl;Lg; G+id mtDf;F
gf;fj;jpypUe;J fj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. fj;Jk;
G+idiag; ghu;j;J “q;... fj;jhj> NrhW tul;Lk;...
vy;yh vwr;rpu vYk;ngy;yhj;ijapk; xdf;Fj;jhwd;.
vd;d xd;l tapWk; tj;jpdhg; Nghy nflf;F...!
yhT NrhW jpq;nfy;ypah? mtd;> ,tDf;F fj;jk;
FLfpnwd;lh nry;yj; Njty;y ms;sp ms;spf;
FLg;ghf... ,tDfs; Xjpw> fj;jk; ghj;jpah>
nksj;jhd Mf;fSf;F nflf;ifah NghfpJ...?”
vd;W nrapDyhg;jpd; G+idNahL Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. mtDila Ngr;irf; Nfl;L>
G+id thrYf;F NghfpwJ.
CQ;rypy; ,Ue;j %j;jk;kh> “vd;dlk;gp!
,d;dk; nyg;igiaAk; Nkhjpdapk; fhzy;y...?
fj;jk; ghj;jpahd;lh xU epkprk; $l nrhzq;f
khl;lhl;lhq;f... gs;spy ngur;rpd nguprhg;
ngapj;Njh...?” vd;W Nfl;L Kbg;gjw;fpilapy;>
NkhjpDk; nyg;igapk; gj;jpg; gjwp tUfpwhu;fs;.
,tu;fisf; fz;l %j;jk;kh “thq;f fhf;fh...
,d;ilf;fp xukhr; nrhzq;fpw;wPq;f... vd;d
gs;spy ngupa nfhsg;gkh?” vd;W Nfl;L
Kbg;gjw;fpilapy “me;j neUg;g Vd; Gs;s
nfog;Gwha;... my;yhl gs;spf;Fs;s ,g;g> ngupa
nrapj;jhd;> rpd;dr; nrapj;jhd;. vy;yhr;
nrapj;jhDk; te;J gLj;Jf; fplf;fhDfs;. Rk;kh
%j;jpuk; NgQ;rp xOq;fh fOtj; njupahjtd;>
nfhyfhud;> njhohjtd;> Fbfhud;> tl;bf;F
FLf;fpwtd;> rf;fhj;J rjf;fh FLf;fhjtd;> mr;rpf;F
Nghfhjtd;> vyf;rd; fhyj;jpy; vk;gpkhu;u Cl;l
mLg;gb Nty nrQ;rtd;> Nehl;b]; xl;bdtd;>
grthop J}f;fpdtd; vy;yhUk; u];bg; Nghl;by
nkk;guh te;J gs;spa ngul;b vLf;fhDfs;. gs;sp
mYkhup vy;yhj;ijAk; clr;rp GJg;G+l;Lfs;
Nghu;whDfs;. ,e;j GJ u];bg; Nghl;Lf;F> mQ;rhW
nksytpkhUk; rg;Nghl;L... gs;spf;f murpay;
GFe;J> gs;sp ehwpJ. ,e;jg; ghtnky;yhk; vq;fpl
vk;gpkhUf;Fj;jhd;. vy;yhUf;Fk; gs;spaj;
jpq;fpwjhd; Kjy; Nehf;fk;” vd;W nrhy;ypf;
nfhz;L NkhjpDk; nyg;gapk; tPl;Lf;Fs; Ngha;>
tpupj;Jf; nflf;Fk; ghapy; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.
kzf;Fr;rp> kzk;> vy;yh ,lj;ijAk;
Mf;fpukpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. “Gs;Nsa;! Neuk;
ngapj;Jfh... Mf;fpd NrhW fwpnay;yhk; Mwpg;
NghapUk;...> lf;nfz;L vy;yhj;ijAk; nfhz;L
nta;fh... vijAk; xOg;Gsk; #l;Nlhlj;
jpz;lhj;jhd;> tha;f;F Urpah ,upf;Fk;... japu> ek;Kl
ngupa jsprpy ntr;rpf;fe;J FL... Kjpahd;fz;L japU
ey;yhupf;Fk;...” vd;W %j;jk;kh nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L>
ck;khf;F cjtp nra;fpwh.
NkhjpDk; nyg;igapk;> fj;jj;ij uhfnkLj;J
XJfpwhu;fs;. %j;jk;kh ,we;J Nghd jd;
fztUf;F> nrhu;f;fk; fpilf;f> NkhjpDf;Fk;
nyg;igf;Fk; nfhLf;Fk; fj;jj;jpy; VJk; Fiwfs;
Neuhky; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwh.
42 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

vsak;gp> nrapDyhg;jpDf;F Nrhw;iwAk;
fwpiaAk; nfhz;L itj;J tpl;L mtd;
rhg;gpLtij> urpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
G+id NkhjpDf;F gf;fj;jpypUe;J fj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. “Gs;Nsa;! ,e;jg; G+da mq;fhy
tpurpfh... NrhWq;f cLfpjpy;y” vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;L
Nkhjpd; Nrhw;Wf;Fs; Kjpahd; fz;Lj; japiuAk;>
Nfhopr; Rld; thiog; goj;ijAk; Nghl;L gpire;J
rhg;gpLtijg; ghu;j;J> Miria mlf;f Kbahky;
“yhj;jh> vdf;Fk; xOg;Gsk; japU jhfh... japU
jpz;L fdfhykhg; Nghr;rp. ekf;nfd;d fj;jk;>
ghj;jpah Xjj; njupapkh...? vy;yhk; ek;Kl fhyk;>
,y;yhl;b ehDk; xU gs;spf;F Nkhjpdh
te;jpUg;gd;. te;jpUe;jh> nghwF
vdf;nfd;d gQ;rk;. yhTk;> gfYk;
Nfl;fhk NrhW fwp tUk;... ,g;g>
CUf;f Nghdh> vy;yhUk; Y}rp
Y}nrd;L Vrp> Nkrd;
Ntiyf;F Nghfr; nry;yp>
vdf;F xz;Lk; juhk
nturpwhq;f. vdf;F ve;j
Ntyapk; nra;a Vyh...
xOg;Gsk; Nty nrQ;rhYk;
vdf;F xNu vof;fpw> if
fhy; fLf;fpw... ehd; Fbf;fhj
kUe;Jkpy;y> Nghlhj
Fsprapkpy;y... xz;Lf;Fk;
Nff;fy;y.... ,dp ehd;>
ek;Kl uFkhdpahj;ijf;
fhf;F Nkhjpdhg;
Nghg;Gwd;...” vd;W nrhy;ypf;
nfhz;L> vsak;gp nfhLj;j
japiu Nrhw;NwhL Nru;j;J
fiuj;Jf; Fbf;Fk;>
nrapDyhg;jpidg; ghu;j;J> %j;jk;kh
nfhLg;Gf;fhy; rpupf;fpwh...
fj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhfq;fisg; ghu;j;J> vq;fs;
eha; nghl;L Fiuj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> fhfq;fs;
gwe;J> gwe;J fj;Jfpd;wd. gj;J tUlq;fSf;F Kd;
,we;J Nghd Nghbahupd; tUlf; fj;jj;ij
nyg;igapk;> NkhjpDk;> mtUf;F Nkyhd
nrhu;f;fj;ij> ,iwtdplk; thq;fpf; nfhLf;f>
gpuhu;j;jid nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdu;. vq;fs;
%j;jk;kh rupe;J fple;j gplitia> xOq;fh ,Oj;J
jiyapy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L> gagf;jpNahL nyg;igapd;
gpuhu;j;jidf;F MkPd; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUf;fpwh.
vq;fs; tPL> gf;jpapy; %o;fpf;fpf; fplf;fpwJ.
#upad;> cr;rpapypUe;J rupe;J
nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. fhfq;fisj; Juj;jpf;
nfhz;bUe;j eha; nghl;L> fisj;Jg; Ngha;>
thiog; ghj;jpf;Fs; gLf;fpwJ.
nrapDyhg;jpd; rhg;ghl;il Kbj;J ntspNa
te;J> CQ;rypy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; vd;dplk; “eP jhd;
vd;u jq;ff; fhf;fh... kj;jhf;fnsy;yhk; vd;d
Y}nrd;L Vrp tpurpw... vd;ilf;Fk; ePjhd; fhrp
jhw... vdf;nfhU nrtj;j uPNrl;L jhfh... vdf;F
nrtj;j uPNrl;L Nghl;lh ey;y gTwh ,upf;fpnwd;L>
ek;Kl Ry;j;jhd; fhf;fh vg;gapk; nry;YthU...
Nghw topapy Kltd;l flapy xU gpNsd;b Fbf;f>
mQ;rp &gh Fj;jpf; fhrpk; je;jpU...” vd;W nfQ;rpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
,ijg; ghu;j;J Nkhjpd;> ‘Nla;! Nghlh... vq;f
NghdhYk; ,tUf;F nrtj;j uPNrl;Lk;> mQ;rp &ghf;
Fj;jpf; fhrpk;jhd; Njtg; gu;w... VNjh>
Kd;dg; gpd;d xor;rpf; FLj;j
Ms;khjpup. ,g;gjhd;> rhwd
cupQ;rp Nghl;Lj; jpz;l>
mJf;Fs;s> gpNsd;uP
Fbf;fZkhk;...>
xq;fSf;nfy;yhk; xof;fpw
nghWg;Gj; njupapkh...?”
vd;W Vr>
nrapDyhg;jpd; vJTk;
Ngrhky; Nkhjpidg;
ghu;j;J> tha;f;Fs;
vijNah KZ
KZj;Jf; nfhz;L
Nghfpwhd;. mtd;
Nghtijg; ghu;j;J>
nghl;L CisapLfpwJ.
vsak;gp> Nrhw;iwf;
nfhz;L Ngha;> eha;f;F
nfhLf;fpwhd;. eha;
rhg;gpLk; NghJ> fhfq;fs;
ehyh gf;fKk; gwe;J> gwe;J
fj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
mg;nghOJ> vq;fs; [§k;khg;gs;sp
mjpfhup> ntwp gpbj;jtd; Nghy;> gj;jpg; gjwp>
nyg;igiaj; Njb te;J epw;fpwhd;. mjpfhupiaf;
fz;l nyg;igAk;> NkhjpDk; neUg;gpy; tpOe;j
tz;L Nghy; Jbf;fpwhu;fs;. mjpfhup> “nyg;g! gs;spy
ngupa nfhog;gkhf; nflf;F| ek;Kl jiytUf;F
Mjj;jpu kfd; nghy;yhy jyapy mbr;rp> mtiu
Mrpgj;jpupf;F vLj;Jf;F Nghwh... gs;spf; fpshf;fu;
nghyprpf;F nlypNghd; vLj;J> nghyprp te;jpf;fpl;L
,upf;fhk;. GJ u];bg;Nghl;lhf;fs;> mYkhupia
cilj;J> GJg;G+l;L Nghu;whf... Cnuy;yhk;
njuz;L> gs;spf;Fs;sjhd; nflf;F.” vd;W $wp
xU ,lj;jpy; epy;yhJ jPg;gha;fpwhd;.
mjpfhupapd; Ngr;irf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j
%j;jk;kh> “rP! ehrkj;Jg; NghthDfs;... my;yhl
gs;spaj; jpq;f> ,tDfSf;F ,tsT Mrah...?
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 43

gs;spr; nrhj;J neUg;gpy;ypah...? gs;spr; nrhj;j
ey;yhj; jpz;L> Cuapk; Nftyg; gLj;jp> Vof;
nfhkUfsapk; rPuopr;rpg; Nghl;L Nghdhf;fs;> flrp
fhyj;jpy; mtf Ngd;l gPa mtfpl ifahyNa
ms;spj; jpd;lfja MUk; kwf;fyhkh? xyfj;jpy
,g;g vy;yhj;japk;> my;yh fz;Zf;F
Kd;dhyjhd; fhl;whd;... Gs;Nsa;! ek;Kl
mjpfhupf;F NrhW FLfh...” vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;L
mjpfhup ,Ug;gjw;F ghia tpupj;Jg; NghLfpwh...
rhg;ghl;il vjpu;ghu;j;J te;jtd; Nghy;> clNd
ghapy; Ngha; mjpfhup ,Uf;fpwhu;. rhg;ghL gupkhwg;
gLfpwJ. %j;jk;kh> jd; ,we;JNghd fztUf;F>
mtupd; ngauhy;> NkhjpDf;Fk; nyg;igf;Fk;
nfhLj;j fj;jj;jhy;> fl;lhak; nrhu;f;fk; fpilj;J
tpLk; vd;w mirahj ek;gpf;ifapy;> kd
epiwNthL> mjpfhupf;Fk; fj;jj;ij nfhLj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwh. eha; nghl;L> nfhLj;j rhg;ghl;il
rhg;gpl;L tpl;L te;J> thiog; ghj;jpf;Fs;
mikjpahfg;gLj;Jf; fplf;fpwJ. fhfq;fs;> eha;
rhg;gpl;L tpl;L> rl;bapy; Nghl;L te;j kpr;rq;fis
nfhj;jpg; nghWf;Ftjpy;> rz;ilapl;Lf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
NkhjpDk; nyg;igapk; fj;jk; Xjpa
fhzpf;ifia> %j;jk;khtplk; thq;fpf; nfhz;L>
Xl;lKk; eilAkhf> Fog;gj;ijg; ghu;f;f> gs;spf;F
Nghfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; mtru mtrukhf Ngha;f;
nfhz;bUg; ghu;j;j eha; nghl;L> jiyiaf; fpog;gp
cWkp tpl;L> kPz;Lk; gLf;fpwJ. NkhjpDk;>
nyg;igAk; kuzpj;Jg; Nghd jd; fztUf;F>
Rtu;f;fj;jpd; fjTfis jpwe;J tpl;Lg; Nghfpwhu;fs;
vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy;> mtu;fis topaDg;gptpl;L
te;J> mjpfhupf;F japiu vLj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwh.
vsak;gp Kjpahd; fz;Lj; japiuAk;> G+
Kisahj Nfhopr; Nrtypd; ,iwr;rpiaAk;>
Nfhopf;$l;L thiog;goj;ijAk; vjpu;ghu;j;J>
mLg;gbf;F Nghfpwhd;. mLj;j tUlKk;> vq;fs;
%j;jthg;ghtpd; tUlf; fj;jj;jpf;F> Kjpahd;
fz;Lj; japU fpilf;Fkh? %j;jk;khtpd;
Miria> Mz;ltd; epiwNtw;wp tpLthdh?
fj;jj;ij Urpahf rikj;J fisj;Jg;Nghd vd;
jhahu;> jd; thg;ghTf;F Rtu;f;fk; fpilj;J tpl>
%r;Rg; gpbj;J fj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; G+idf;Fk;
fj;jj;J Nrhw;iwf; nfhLf;fpwh. G+id mikjpahf
rhg;gpl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. nrhu;f;fj;ijg;
gw;wpnay;yhk; mJf;nfd;d ftiy?
2011 2011 #dtÇ #dtÇ Kjš
Kjš
`Phd«’ `Phd«’ òâa òâa rªjh rªjh Égu«
Égu«
cŸehL ŸehL
jÅ¥ ãuâ : %gh %gh 65/=
65/=
M©L¢ rªjh : %gh %gh 1000/=
1000/=
MW M©L¢rªjh : %gh %gh 5000/=
5000/=
MíŸ rªjh : %gh %gh 20000/=
20000/=
rªjh fhnrhiy _ykhfnth, kÂnahl® _ykhfnth
mD¥gyh«. kÂnahl® btŸst¤ij jghš Ãiya¤âš
kh‰w¡ Toajhf mD¥g¥glš nt©L«.
ïyFthfïyFthf nkyâf¢ nkyâf¢ bryÉ‹¿ bryÉ‹¿ rªjh rªjh rªjh mD¥ò« mD¥ò« tÊ tÊ tÊ ::c§fŸ
gFâÆš cŸs A£l‹ eõdš t§»Æš
T. Gnanasekaran, Hatton National Bank - Wellawatte
eilKiw¡ fz¡F ïy¡f« - 009010344631 v‹w fz¡»š
it¥ò brŒJ t§» uÓij vk¡F mD¥òjš nt©L«.
btËeh£oÈUªJ btËeh£oÈUªJ gz« gz« gz« mD¥g mD¥g :
:
Swift Code : HBLILKLX
mD¥g mD¥g nt©oa nt©oa bga®/ bga®/ KftÇ KftÇ KftÇ :
:
T. Gnanasekaran
Gnanam Branch Office
3-B, 46 th Lane, Wellawatte.
Phd« Phd« És«gu És«gu É»j«
É»j«
ã‹ m£il : %gh %gh 10000/=
10000/=
K‹ cŸ m£il : %gh %gh 8000/= 8000/=
8000/=
ã‹ cŸ m£il : %gh %gh %gh 8000/= 8000/=
8000/=
cŸ KG¥g¡f« : %gh %gh 5000/=
5000/=
cŸ miu¥g¡f« : %gh %gh %gh 3000/=
3000/=
btËehL Xuh©L ïu©L M©L _‹W M©L
Australia (AU$) 50 100 140
Europe (€ ) 40 80 110
India (Indian Rs.) 700 1400 1300
Malaysia (RM) 80 160 230
Canada ($) 50 100 140
UK (£) 35 70 100
Other (US $) 45 90 120
44 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

4. 4. jkpopd; jkpopd; jkpopd; rkfhy rkfhy ,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpay;
jpwdha;tpay;
- - Njhw;wKk; Njhw;wKk; njhlu;r;rpAk;
njhlu;r;rpAk;
fyhÃâ eh. R¥ãukÂa‹
; ; ; ;
rkfhy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpaypd; tuyhw;iwg;
NgRk; Kaw;rpapNy mjd; Kd;Ndhbfshfj;
jpfo;e;jtu;fs; vd;wtifapy; jpUkzk; Nfrtuha
19Mk; 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; E}w;whz;bd; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpf;fhy ,Wjpf;fhy ,jo;
,jo;
fspd; fspd; jpwdha;Trhu; jpwdha;Trhu; vOj;Jfs;
vOj;Jfs;
- - rpy rpy jftw; jftw; Fwpg;Gfs;
Fwpg;Gfs;
jkpopd; etPd ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpYk; rkfhyj;
Kjypahu; kw;Wk; t.Nt.R. Iau;
jpwdha;tpay; tuyhw;wpYk; ,jo;
MfpNahupd; rpe;jidfs;> nrad;Kiwfs;
fspd; gq;fspg;G vd;w mk;rk;
Kd;ida ,U fl;Liufspy;
Kf;fpakhdnjhd;whFk;. Fwpg;ghf>
Nehf;fg;gl;ld. Nkw;gb ,UtiuAk;
jkpo;g; Gj;jpyf;fpa tiffspd;
Kd;Ndhbfshff; nfhz;L ,t;tuyhw;Wg;
cUthf;fj;Jf;Fk; mitnjhlu;ghd
ghu;itiaj; njhlu Kw;gLk; epiyapy;>
jpwdha;tpaw; rpe;jidfspd;
KjypNy Kf;fpakhd Nkyjpfkhf
tsu;r;rpf;Fk; fsk; mikj;jtifapy
,uz;L tpsf;fq;fis ,q;F
fle;j E}w;whz;by; ntspte;j
Kd;itg;gJ mtrpakhfpwJ.
,tw;Ws; xd;W> Nkw;gb
,UtUila fhyg;gFjpf;Fr; rw;W
Kd;ghf mjhtJ 19Mk;E}w;whz;bd;
kzpf;nfhb kzpf;nfhb (1933-39)> kWkyu;r;rp
kWkyu;r;rp
(1943-48)> ru];tjp ru];tjp ru];tjp (1955-62)>
vOj;J vOj;J ( (1959-71) ( Kjypa ,yf;fpa
,jo;fs; Mw;wpte;Js;s gq;fspg;Gfs;
,Wjpf;$w;wpy; NtW rpyuhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg; tpje;Jiuf;fj; jf;fdthf mike;jd vd;gij
gl;bUf;ff;$ba jpwdha;tpay; Kaw;rpfs; ehkwpNthk;. ,t;thwhd ,jopay;rhu; gq;fspg;gpd;
gw;wpajhFk;. ,j;njhlu;gpy; mf;fhy ,jo;fspy; tuyhwhdJ 19Mk;E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy;
ntspte;Js;s rpy fl;Liufs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; Njhw;wk;ngwj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ vd;gjid
,q;F gjpTngw Ntz;ba Kf;fpaj;Jt mf;fhyg;gFjpay; ntspte;j rpy ,jo;fspd;
Kilathfpd;wd.
,d;ndhd;W> ‘,yf;fpaj; ‘,yf;fpaj; ‘,yf;fpaj; ‘,yf;fpaj; ‘,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T’f;Fk;
jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’
‘%yghlj; ‘%yghlj; ‘%yghlj; ‘%yghlj; ‘%yghlj; jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ vd;w Ma;T Kiwikf;Fk;
cs;s njhlu;G gw;wpajhFk;. jkpo;,yf;fpaj;
jkpo;,yf;fpaj;
jpwdha;T jpwdha;T tuyhW tuyhW (1991> 4Mk; gjp: 2007) vd;w
E}iy vOjpa lhf;lu; f. gQ;rhq;fk; mtu;fs;
vOj;jhf;fq;fs; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd.
,t;tifapy> tpNtf tpNtf rpe;jhkzp> rpe;jhkzp> rpj;jhe;j
rpj;jhe;j
jPgpif> jPgpif> QhdNghjpdp
QhdNghjpdp kw;Wk; gpuGj;j gpuGj;j ghuj
ghuj
vd;w Mq;fpy ,jo; Mfpatw;wpd; rpy gjpTfs;
,q;F ftdj;Jld; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba
Kf;fpaj;JtKiladthFk;. NkNy vk;khy;
me;E}ypNy> ‘,f;fhyj; ‘,f;fhyj; jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ jpwdha;T’ g;gFjpia
Nkw;Rl;ba ‘%yghlj;jpwdha;T’
‘%yghlj;jpwdha;T’
‘%yghlj;jpwdha;T’ ‘%yghlj;jpwdha;T’
‘%yghlj;jpwdha;T’ gw;wpa tpsf;fq;
fis Kd;itj;Nj njhlq;fpAs;shu;. mt;tifapy;
Nehf;fg;gl;ltu;fSs; xUtuhd nry;tf; Nfrtuha
Kjypahu; mtu;fs;; 1897Mk; Mz;by; rpj;jhe;j rpj;jhe;j
rpj;jhe;j
jPgpif jPgpif vd;w ,jopy; fk;gd; gw;wpa xU fl;Liuj;
Fwpg;ghf> ‘,uht;gfJ}u;’ rp.it. jhNkhjuk; njhliu vOjpAs;shu; vd;gjid Kd;dNu
gps;is(1832-1901) kw;Wk; lhf;lu; c.Nt. (13Mk;fl;Liuapy) Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;. ,ijj; jtpu>
rhkpehijau;(1855-1942) Kjypa gyupd; Nkw;Rl;ba Vidatu;fspd; ,jog;;gjpTfNs ,q;F
E}w;gjpg;G Kaw;rpfis Kd;dpWj;jpNa mtUila ftdj;jpw;F ,l;Ltug;gLfpd;wd.
tuyhw;Wg; ghu;it njhlu;fpwJ. ,J jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T
vd;w Ma;TKiwikf;fhd nghUs;tiuaiw
19Mk;E}w;whz;bWjpapy; ntspte;j Kf;fpa
jkpo;,jo;fspnyhd;whd tpNtfrpe;jhkzp
tpNtfrpe;jhkzp
iaAk; nry;tf;Nfrtuhau; kw;Wk; t.Nt.R. Iau; etPd ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhd Kf;fpa fsq;fsp
Mfpa ,Utiu kl;Lk; Kd;Ndhbfshff; nyhd;whfTk; jpfo;e;j rpwg;GilajhFk;.
nfhs;tjd; nghUj;jg;ghl;ilAk;; Nfs;tpf;Fl; Muk;gfhyj; jkpo; ehty;fspy; Kf;fpakhd
gLj;JtjhFk;. mt;tifapy; ,Jgw;wpa njspTk; xd;whff; fzpg;igg; ngw;Ws;s gp. Mu;.
,q;F mtrpakhfpwJ.
uh[ikaupd; fkyhk;ghs fkyhk;ghs fkyhk;ghs; fkyhk;ghs fkyhk;ghs rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk;(1896)
rupj;jpuk
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 45
(15)

;
,t;tpjopy; 1893gpg;utupKjy; njhluhf Fwpg;ghf> fhg;gpag;gz;G> tUzid kuGfs;
ntspte;jJ vd;gJ ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;ba kw;Wk; ahg;Gepiy Kjypad gw;wpa nghJthd rpy
Kf;fpa jftyhFk;. ,t;tpjo; Nkw;Rl;bathW nra;jpfis Kd;itg;gjhf - mike;JsJ. ,jpNy
,yf;fpag;gjpTf;fskhf kl;Lkd;wpj; jpwdha;Trhu; ‘u]idKiwik’Ak; xg;gpay;ghu;itAk;
vOj;JfSf;fhd fskhfTk; jpfo;e;jjhFk;. tputpg;gapy;tij Nehf;fyhk;. ,t;thwhd
Muk;gfhy ehtyhrpupau;fspy; kw;nwhUtuhd gpuzjhu;j;jp`urpt Iaupd; vLj;Jiug;G
jpuprpuGuk; R.it.FUrhkp ru;kh mtu;fs; vOjpa Kiwikf;F xU rhd;whfg; gpd;tUk;
gpNukfyhtj;ak;
gpNukfyhtj;ak;(1893) gpNukfyhtj;ak; vd;w ehty;gw;wpa
tpku;rdk; xd;W 1894,y; tpNtfrpe;jhkzp
tpNtfrpe;jhkzpapd;
tpNtfrpe;jhkzp
ciug;gFjpiar; Rl;lyhk;.
“,f;fhg;gpaj;jpd; eil kpftpd;gkhfTk;
,U ,jo;fspy; njhluhf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. Nkw;gb
uh[ikau; mtu;fs; 1897,y; ,t;tpjopNy ‘rPij’
‘rPij’
kdj;ij ftUtjhfTkpUf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;Ff;
fhl;lha;> me;jpkhiyr; rpwg;Gnra; fhijapy;
vd;w jiyg;gpyhd xU njhlu;rpj;jpuk;
vOjpAs;shu;. fk;guhkhaz
fk;guhkhazj;jpd; fk;guhkhaz rPij gw;wpa
“mQ;nrQ; rPwb mzprpyk;nghopa” vd;Dk;
tupKjy; 10tupfisf; nfhs;syhk;. ,t;tpjkha
tpku;rdkhFk;.
tpdpaeilf;F ek;kpsq; Nfhtbfis
Nkw;Rl;ba uh[ikaiu Mrpupauhff;
nfhz;bUe;j gpuGj;j gpuGj;j ghuj ghuj
ghuj vd;w Mq;fpy ,jopd;
1897 khu;r; ntspaPl;by; mtupd; fkyhk;ghs;
fkyhk;ghs;
rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk; rupj;jpuk gw;wpAk; 1898khu;r; ,jopy; m.
khjitahtpd; gj;khtjp gj;khtjp rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk; rupj;jpuk (Kjyhk;
ahq;fpyf;ftpahfpa njd;dp]Df;F xg;gplyhk;.
,jd; eil> ,UgwKk; ....jto
tpdpafjpAlndhrpAk; rpw;whW Nghd;WsJ.
,jw;F kidawk;gLj;j fhijapw; Nfhtyd;
fz;zfpia eyk;Gide;Njj;Jk; “khrW
ghfk;)gw;wpAk; kjpg;Giufs; ntspte;Js;sd. nghd;Nd tyk;Gup Kj;Nj”Kjnyl;L tupfisf;
,t;thwhd tpNtfrpe;jhkzp
tpNtfrpe;jhkzp tpNtfrpe;jhkzp kw;Wk;;;;
gpuGj;jghuj gpuGj;jghuj Mfpatw;wpd; jpwdha;Trhu;
fhl;lyhk;. ,d;DQ;rpytplq;fspw; fk;gPukhfTk;
ngUe;jd;ikahfT kikfpd;wJ. “thd;fz;
vOj;Jfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ng. Nfh. Re;juuh[d; tpopah itfiw ahkj;J” (ehLfhz; fhij ).
(rpl;b) kw;Wk; Nrh. rptghjRe;juk; MfpNahu;
,ize;njOjpa jkpo; jkpo; ehty; ehty; - - E}whz;L E}whz;L
E}whz;L
tuyhWk; tuyhWk; tsu;r;rpAk; tsu;r;rpAk; (1977) vd;w E}ypy;
,e;jtplaj;jpy; ek; ftpia Mq;fpyf;ftp
kpy;w;wDf;nfhg;gplyhk;.”
QhdNghjpdp QhdNghjpdp (]k;Glk; : 3: g.132)
KiwNa 26> 39 kw;Wk; 32Mk; gf;fq;fspy; ,t;Tiug;gFjpapNy ,sq;Nfhtbfspd;
,lk;ngw;Ws;s mbf;Fwpg;Gf@lhfNt ekf;Ff; eilr;rpwg;G rhd;whjhuq;fSld; Rl;bAzu;j;
fpilj;jitahFk;. Nkw;gb vOj;Jfs; Neubahf jg;gl;LsJ. mj;Jld Mq;fpyf; ftpfshd Alfred
ekJ ghu;itf;f;F fpilf;fhj epiyapy; mtw;wpd; Lord Tennyson(1809 – 1892)kw;Wk; John Milton
,yf;fpaf; Nfhl;ghl;Lepiy gw;wpa fzpg;G (1608 – 1674) Mfpatu;fis xg;gpl;Lg;NgRk;
vjidAk; ,q;F Kd;itg;gJ rhj;jpakpy;iy. gz;igAk; ,jpy; Nehf;fKbfpwJ. nry;tf;
QhdNghjpdp QhdNghjpdp ,jopd; 1898 - 1899 fhyg;gFjp Nfrtuhau; kw;Wk; t.Nt.R Iau; MfpNahuJ
ntspaPLfspy; gp.v. gpuzjhu;j;jp`urpt Iau;
vd;ghu; rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp
rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp
rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp vd;w jiyg;gpy;
vOj;Jfspy; Gyg;gLk; Gwepiyahd jpwdha;T
Nehf;F kw;Wk; xg;gpay; mZFKiw mtu;fsJ
xU vl;Lf;fl;Liufs; vOjpAs;shu;. ,Jgw;wpa rkfhyj;jpy; rw;WKd;ghfNt jkpo;r; #oypy;
jftiyAk; mwpaj;je;;jtu;fs; Nkw;Rl;ba ng.Nfh. mwpKfkhfj; njhlq;fptpl;lJ vd;gij
Re;juuh[d; R.rptghjRe;juk; MfpNahNuahtu; cWjpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F gp.v. gpuzjhu;j;jp`urpt
(Prof.N. Vanamamalai 60th Birthday Felicitation Iaupd; Nkw;gb vOj;Jfs; JizGupfpd;wd
Volume-1978 p.115.) mj;jftw;Fwpg;gpd; vd;gij ,q;F Rl;lyhk;.
JizAld; Njlypy; 3)
,U fl;Liufs; kl;LNk ghu;itf;Ff;
Gyg;gltpy;iy. khwhf> nghJthd vz;zg;ghq;F
(mgpg;gpuhak;) vd;wepiyNa Gyg;glf;fhzyhk;.
fpilj;jd.(]k;Glk; vd;gJ Gj;jfg;gFjp vdg; ,t;tifapy; Xg;gPl;L epiyapNy> Nkw;gb
nghUs;gLk;). ,tw;Ws; xd;W njhlf;ff; nry;tf;Nfrtuhau; kw;Wk; t.Nt.R Iau; MfpNahuJ
fl;Liuahk;.; njhlupyf;fk; ,lk;ngwhikahy; jpwdha;Trhu; vOj;Jfs; MoKk; ju;f;fepiyg;gl;l
kw;iwaJ vj;jidahtJ vd;gijj;; mZFKiwAk; nfhz;ldthf ntspg;gl;lit
njupe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
vd;gij ca;j;Jzu;e;Jnfhs;sKbAk;.
Nkw;gb KjyhtJ fl;Liu rpyg;gjpfhuk
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
rpyg;gjpfhuk mt;tpUtUila Mf;fq;fSk; njhFepiyapy;
gw;wpa xU nghJthd xU mwpKfkhfTk; mJ E}y;tbtk; ngw;Ws;sikahy; mitgw;wpa
vOe;j fhyk; kw;Wk; ,sq;Nfhtbfspd; rkak; njspthd fUj;Jfis vk;khy; cUthf;fpf;nfhs;s
vd;gd njhlu;ghd mk;rq;fis Muha;tjhfTk; Kbe;jJ. Mdhy;> ‘gpuzjhu;j;jp`urpt Iaupd;
mike;jjhFk;. kw;wf;fl;LiuahdJ mg;Ngup ,t;tpU fl;Liug;gFjpfis kl;Lk; rhd;whff;
yf;fpaj;jpd; ,yf;fpag;gz;igg; gw;wpajhf - nfhz;L mtUila ghu;it kw;Wk; mZFKiw
46 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

; ; ; ;
vd;gd vj;jifad vd;gij epr;rapg;gJ Mf;fq;;fs; gytw;iwg; 19Mk;E}w;whz;bd;
rhj;jpakpy;iy vd;gijAk; ,q;F Rl;br;nry;tJ gpw;gFjpapNy Nkw;gb Ma;TKiwikA+lhf
mtrpakhFk;.
kPl;nlLj;J> mtw;Wf;F epiyj;jtho;T
Nfrtuhau; kw;Wk; t.Nt. R . Iau; MfpNahupd; mspj;jtu;fs;> ,tu;fs; vd;gJ tuyhW. ,tu;fspd;
jpwdha;Trhu; vOj;Jfs; Kd;Ndhb Kaw;rpfshff; ,r; nraw;ghLfs;; jkpopd; jpwdha;tpaw;
nfhs;sg;gLtjd; tuyhw;Wg; gpd;Gyk; ,Jjhd; nraw;ghLfSf;fhd ,yf;fpa Ma;tpaw; #oiy
NkNy Nehf;fpa tpNtf tpNtf rpe;jhkzp>
rpe;jhkzp>
rpj;jhe;j rpj;jhe;j jPgpif
jPgpif kw;Wk; gpuGj;j gpuGj;j ghuj
ghuj
,jo;fspd; ,jo;fspd; fl;Liufs; kw;Wk; gpuzjhu;j;jp
`urpt Iaupd; rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp
rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rpf;
rpyg;gjpfhuthuha;r;rp
fl;Liufs; vd;gdTk; kw;Wk; ,itNghd;w
mikj;jspj;jd vd;wtifapy; tuyhw;W
Kf;fpaj;JtKilait vd;gJ ntspg;gil.
MapDk; ,tu;fspd; mZFKiwahf mike;j
%yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; jpwdha;thdJ jpwdha; jpwdha; jpwdha; jpwdha; mbg;gilapy;‘
cz;ik ahdJk; rupahdJkhd ghlk;ehLk;
,Jtiu mwpag;glhj vOj;jhf;fq;fSk; ,yf;fpa
Mu;tyu;fs; kw;Wk; Ma;thsu;fshy;
Ma;TKaw;rp’Naad;wp ‘,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T’
‘,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T’
‘,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T’
‘,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T’
‘,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T’
vdf;nfhs;sf;$bajd;W vd;gij ,q;F
kPl;nlLf;fg;glNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. mt;thW njspTgLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.
mit kPs;gjpthFk; epiyapy; jkpopd; rkfhyj;
jpwdha;tpay; tuyhw;wpd; Muk;gepiyf;
,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;thdJ jpwdha jpwdha jpwdha jpwdha ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; jFjpg;ghL vd;gd
fhl;rpahdJ NkYk; Jyf;fkilAk; vd;gijf; njhlu;ghd Nfhl;ghLfSk; nrad;Kiw fisANk
Fwpg;gpl tpiofpd;Nwd;.
%yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T vd;w vd;w vd;w Ma;TKiwik
Ma;TKiwik
njhlu;ghf..
njhlu;ghf..
“%yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T vd;gJ xU
ikag;gLj;jpajhFk;. Nkw;gb %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj;
jpwdha;thdJ jpwdha; jpwdha; jpwdha; jpwdha; ,tw;Wf;Fj; Jizepw;Fk;
xUMa;TKiwikahfNt miktjhFk;.
Mq;fpyj;jpy; mike;j Criticism vd;;w nrhy;iyj;
jkpopy; ‘jpwdha;T’ ‘jpwdha;T’ ‘jpwdha;T’ ‘jpwdha;T’ ‘jpwdha;T’ vdNt toq;fptUtJ
vOj;jhf;fj;jpd;(ftpij>fij my;yJ fl;Liu kughfptpl;ljhy; Textual Criticism vd;gjhy;
Kjypatw;wpd;) %y tbtj;ij ,dq;fhz;gjhd
xU Ma;TKiwikahFk;. mjhtJ mjdhrpupau;
ifahz;l nkhopeil - vOj;J> nrhy; kw;Wk;
Rl;lg;gLk; %yghl %yghl %yghl %yghl %yghl Ma;itAk; Ma; Ma; Ma; Ma; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj;
jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T vd toq;FtJ kughfptpl;lJ. ,J
xU ‘nghUs;kaf;fepiy’ vd;gNj vdJ
njhluikg;G vd;gd - cupathW Ngzg; fzpg;ghFk;.
gl;Ls;sdth vd;gij Edpj;J Nehf;fp cWjp ,t;thW Nehf;Fk;NghJ ‘,uht;gfJ}u;’ rp.it.
nra;tjhd Kaw;rp ,J. Fwpg;ghfg; gz;ila jhNkhjuk;gps;is> lhf;lu; c.Nt. rhkpehijau;
Mf;fq;fis VLfs; Kjypatw;wpdpd;W mr;Nrw;Wk;
epiyfspYk;> gy Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l E}y;fis
kPs;gjpg;Gnra;fpd;w epiyfspYk; mk;Kaw;rpfspy;
Kjypa gyUk; Nkw;nfhz;l %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj; %yghlj;
jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T Kiwikfs; rhu;e;j gjpg;gpaw;
nraw;ghLfs; ,yf;fpaj; ,yf;fpaj ,yf;fpaj ,yf;fpaj ,yf;fpaj jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T jpwdha;T vd;gjw;fhd
,f;fhyfl;l tuyhw;wpaf;fj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd ,U
‘,uht;gfJ}u;’ rp.it. jhNkhjuk; gps;is> lhf;lu; nry;newpfis ehk; juprpf;fKbAk;. ,tw;Ws;
c.Nt. rhkpehijau; Kjypa gyUk; tuyhw;W xd;W> jpwdha;thdJ gilg;Gr; nraw;ghLfSld;
Kf;fpaj;JtKilatu;fshfpwhu;fs;. VLfspy; ,ize;jepiyapy; va;jpte;Js;s gupzhkk;
Ngzg;gl;Lte;j gz;ila ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz MFk;. ,d;ndhU nry;newpahdJ ‘fy;tpahsu;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 47

kw;Wk; ,yf;fpar; rpe;jidahsu;fspd;
nraw;ghLf@lhf mJ mile;j tsu;r;rp
epiyahFk;.
gilg;Gk; gilg;Gk; jpwdha;Tk; jpwdha;Tk; ,ize;j
,ize;j
,aq;FepiyapNy...
,aq;FepiyapNy...
jkpopd; gz;ila ,yf;fpar; nry;newpapNy
gilg;Gr; nraw;ghLfSk; jpwdha;T rhu;e;jjhd
nghUspyf;fz kuGk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W ,ize;J
rkhe;ju epiyapNy eilgapytpy;iy vd;gij
Nehf;fpapUe;Njhk;. Fwpg;ghf> > rpyg;gjpfhuk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Kjy;
fk;guhkhazk
fk;guhkhazk; fk;guhkhazk tiuahd Mf;fq;fspd;
gilg;ghSikrhu; mk;rq;fis mtw;wpd; rkfhy
nghUspyf;fz kuG Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kw;gltpy;iy
vd;gJk; mJ jdf;fhd xU jdpahd kuGrhu;
ghijapy; eilgapd;wJ vd;gJk; Kd;du; (9tJ
fl;Liuapy;) vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;
jpUKiw jpUKiw jpUKiw kw;Wk; kw;Wk; jpt;agpuge;jk; jpt;agpuge;jk; Kjypadthf
mike;j gf;jpg;ghlw;gug;ig ,yf;fpakhff;
nfhs;tjhd Nehf;Fk; mf;fhyj;jpy; cUthfp
apUf;ftpy;iy vd;gijAk; mq;F
Nehf;fpapUe;Njhk;. ,e;jepiyf;F Neu;khwhf>
rkfhy ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpNy gilg;Gk; jpwdha;Tk;
xd;iwnahd;W jOtpr; nry;tJk; xd;wd;
tsu;r;rpf;F kw;nwhd;W ce;Jrf;jpahf miktJ
khd tuyhw;W ,aq;Fepiyia ehk; tpupthfNt
juprpf;fpNwhk;.
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vdf;nfhs;sg;gLtdtw;Ws; rpy
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gpNukfyhtj;ak
gpNukfyhtj;ak;> gpNukfyhtj;ak fkyhk;ghs; fkyhk;ghs; rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk; rupj;jpuk rupj;jpuk
kw;Wk; gj;khtjp gj;khtjp rupj;jpuk; rupj;jpuk
rupj;jpuk Mfpad) ntspte;j
fhyg;gFjpapNyNa mit njhlu;ghd tpku;rdk;
kw;Wk; kjpg;Giu vd;gd tpNtfNghjpdp>
tpNtfNghjpdp>
gpuGj;j gpuGj;j ghuj ghuj ghuj Kjypa ,jo;fspy; ntspte;jd
vd;gjhd jfty;fis NkNy Nehf;fpAs;Nshk;.
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gapYk; epiyahdJ MoKk; mfyKk; va;jp
tpuptilaj; njhlq;Ftij 20Mk;E}w;whz;by;
njhlf;fg;gFjpapypUe;J njspthfNt mtjhdpf;f
KbfpwJ.
,t;tifapy; ftdpj;jw;Fupa Kf;fpa mk;rk;
gilg;ghspfSl; gyNu jpwdha;thsu;fshfTk;
jpfo;e;Js;sdu; vd;gjhFk;. rkfhyj; jkpo;j;
jpwdha;tpd; Kd;NdhbfSs; xUtu; vd vk;khy;
NkNy Nehf;fg;gl;ltuhd t. Nt. R. Iau; mtu;fs;
gilg;ghspahfTk; jpfo;e;jtu; vd;gJk;
mt;tifapy;> (INuhg;gpa nkhopfspypUe;J
mwpKfkhd) rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij vd;w GJ tifiaj;
jkpOf;F mwpKfk; nra;j Kd;Ndhbg;
gilg;ghspfSs; xUtuhf mtu; fzpf;fg;gLgtu;
vd;gJk; ,yf;fpatuyhw;wpy; Vw;nfdNt
gjpTngw;Ws;s nra;jpfs;;. NkYk;> ‘etPd
jkpopyf;fpaj;jpd; tpbnts;sp’ vdTk; ‘jkpOf;Fg;
GJnewpfhl;ba Gytd;’ vdTk;; fzpf;fg;gl;ltuhd
kfhftp ghujpahUk; jpwdha;tpy;
ehl;lq;nfhz;bUe;jtu; vd;gJk; ,q;F
gjpTnra;ag;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa nra;jpahFk;.
mtu; GJr;Nrupapy; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; mq;F
jk;Kld; njhlu;Gnfhz;bUe;j tq;ff;ftpQuhd
mutpe;jupd; Mq;fpyf; ftpijfspy; mj;jpwdha;tpd;
Kf;fpagFjp. (jftYk; jkpohf;fKk;: jpU. ng. R.
kzp - ghujpahu; ghujpahu; ghujpahu; ghu;itapy; ghu;itapy; ntu;N`ud;>
ntu;N`ud;>
tpl;kd;> tpl;kd;> tpl;kd;> ePl;Nr ePl;Nr - -
- 2006. gf; 23-24) ghujpapd;
,e; Nehf;Fepiy ,J ftpijia ‘Mj;khtpd;
Fu’yhff;fhz;;gJ vd;gJ ntspg;gil.
,t;thwhf gilg;G jpwdha;T Mfpa
,UJiwfspYk; ftdk; nrYj;jp epd;w t. Nt. R
Iau; kw;Wk; ghujp MfpNahUf;Fg; gpd;du;;
,t;thwhd ,ize;j nraw;ghl;ilj;
jpl;lg;ghq;Fld; Nkw;nfhz;ltu;fs; vd;wtifapy;
Kf;fpakhdtu;fshff; ftdj;Jf;F tUgtu;fs;
1930fspy; ,yf;fpaj;Jiwapy; mbgjpj;jtu;fshd
‘kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; FOtpdu;’ FOtpdu;’ FOtpdu;’ FOtpdu;’ FOtpdu;’ Mtu;.
kzpf;nfhb kzpf;nfhb(1933-39) kzpf;nfhb vd;w ,jio ikag;gLj;jp
,aq;fpepd;wtu;fshd GJikg;gpj;jd;>
F.g.uh[Nfhghyd;(F.g.uh)> e.gpr;r%u;j;jp>
t.uhk];thkp(t.uh)> ‘nksdp’> yh.r.uhkhkpUjk;
(yh.r.uh)> gp.V];.uhikah> ng.Nfh.Re;juuh[d;
(rpl;b)> rpjk;gu Rg;gpukzpad;> rp.R.nry;yg;gh>
f.eh.Rg;gpu kzpak;(f.eh.R.) Kjypatu;fNs
nghJthf ,t;thW milahsg;gLj;jpr; Rl;lg;
gLgtu;fshtu;. ,tu;fs; ,t;tpjopy; kl;Lkd;wpr;
rkfhyj;jpd; NtWgy ,jo;fspYk; vOjp
te;jtu;fshapDk; ,t;tpjNo mtu;fsJ Kf;fpa
,aq;Fjskhf mike;jJ. mjdhy;; ,tu;fs;
‘kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;’
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;’
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;’
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;’ kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;’ vd;w milahsf;
fzpg;igg; ngw;wtu;fshtu;.
,tu;fSs; xUrhuhu; rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij vd;w Gjpa
,yf;fpa tifapy; rhjidGupe;jtu;fs;. ,d;ndhU
rhuhu; ftpijj; Jiwapy; Gjpa gupNrhjidfis
Nkw;nfhz;ltu;fs;. kw;nwhUtifapdu; - Fwpg;ghf
nksdp> kw;Wk; t.uh MfpNahu; - ,yf;fpa
Mf;fj;jpd; ‘nkhop eil’apy; jdpf; ftdk;
nrYj;jpatu;fs;. ,t;thW gilg;Gepiyapy; gy
jsq;fspy; ,aq;fpatu;fSs; xUrhuhu;
48 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

; ; ; ;
jpwdha;tpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jpatu;fshtu; 20Mk;E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpapy; jkpopd;
vd;gij mtu;fsJ GidTrhuh(Nonfiction)
vOj;Jfspy; ehk; njupe;Jnfhs;sKbfpd;wJ.
Gidfij Gidfij Gidfij Gidfij Gidfij - Fwpg;ghfr; rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij - kw;Wk;
ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij Mfpa ,yf;fpa tiffs; Gjpa Gjpa
GJikg;gpj;jd; mtu;fs; ,yf;fpak; njhlu;ghff; gupzhkq;fis va;jpd vd;gJ ,q;F
nfhz;bUe;j vz;zg;ghq;FfisAk; fl;Liuahf; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;glNtz;ba Kf;fpa mtjhdpg;ghFk;.
fq;fspy; gutyhf mtjhdpf;fKbfpd;wJ. ,t;tifapy; Fwpg;ghf> kzpf;nfhb kzpf;nfhbf;fhy
kzpf;nfhb
Fwpj;jrpy ,yf;fpa Mf;fq;fs;gw;wp mtu; ,aq;Fepiy jdpf; ftdj;Jf;FupaJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy;
itj;Js;s kjpg;gPLfs; mtuJ jpwdha;Tg; Fwpg;ghf rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij vd;w ,yf;fpatif va;jpa
ghu;itia czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wd. F.g.uh mtu;fs; ‘ngUtsu;r;rp’Ak; ftpij kugpNy epfo;e;jjhd
‘rpl;b’Ald; ,ize;J 1930fspd; gpw;gFjpapy; ‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’ ‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’ vd;w ‘Gjpa gupzhk’Kk; tuyhw;w
‘kfhftp ghujpapd; ,yf;fpa gPlk;’ njhlu;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jt KiladthFk;.
jpwdha;tpy; rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij vd;w Gjpa ,yf;fpa tifahdJ t.
f.eh.R MfpNahu; gilg;Gj;Jiwapy; Nt. R. Iau;> m. khjitah kw;Wk; ghujpahu;
‘ftpijfs; vd;w Nehf;Fld;jhd;
,t;thW gilg;Gk; jpwdha;Tk; ,ize;J vOjpdhu; vd;W nfhs;tjw;Fr; rhd;Wfs; ,y’
nraw;gl;l - gilg;ghspfNs jpwdha;thsu ;fshfTk; vd;gJ ,q;F ehk;ftdj;Jl; nfhs;sNtz;ba
nraw;gl;l - ,aq;Fepiyapdhy; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk; Kf;fpa tuyhw;wk;rkhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; > jkpopy;
gilg;Gr; nrad;KiwfSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ahg;igkPwpa nraw;ghlhd ‘trdftpij’apd;
‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’
‘trdftpij’
‘,ilntsp’fs; kw;Wk; NtWghLfs; vd;gd tuyhwhdJ Nkw;gb kzpf;nfhbf;FOtpduhd
kzpf;nfhbf;FOtpd
kzpf;nfhbf;FOtpd
kzpf;nfhbf;FOtpd
kzpf;nfhbf;FOtpd
Fiwa tha;g;Gfs; Vw;gl;l vd;gJ Kf;fpakhff; e.gpr;r%u;j;jp >F.g. uh[Nfhghyd; MfpNahupd;
Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;ba mk;rkhFk;. gilg;ghspNa mt;tif vOj;JfspypUe;Nj njhlq;FtjhFk;.
jpwdha;tpYk; vd;wngaupyhd mLj;jfl;lg; gupkhzj;Jf;F
jpwdha;thsuhfj; jpfo;gtu; jkJ Nfhl;ghl;L toprikj;jdthFk;.
epiyf;Nfw;g gilg;Gfisj; juf;$batUkhdhu; Nkw;Rl;bathW 20Mk;E}w;whz;bd; Kw;
vd;gJk; ,q;F ca;j;Jzuf; $baJ. ,e;j gFjpapy rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij rpWfij kw;Wk; ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij ftpij vd;gtw;wpy;
epiyikahdJ etPd jkpopyf;fpak; epfo;e;j Gjpa gupzhkq;fis tuyhw;W Nehf;fpy;
capNuhl;lKilajhf ,aq;Ftjw;Fk; Gjpa Gjpa cupathW njupe;J njspe;Jnfhs;tjw;F Nkw;gb
gupkhzq;fis va;Jtjw;Fk; Jiz gilg;ghspfspy; Kjy; jiyKiwapduhfpa
Guptjhapw;W. ,t;thwhd gilg;G -jpwdha;T t.Nt.R. Iau; > m. khjitah kw;Wk; ghujp
Mfpad ,ize;jpaq;fpa tuyhw;wpd; NgwhfNt Kjypatu;fSf;Fk; ,uz;lhtJ jiyKiw
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 49

apduhfpa kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; kzpf;nfhbf; FOtpdUf;Fk;
FOtpd FOtpd FOtpd FOtpd
“vspa gjq;fs;> vspa eil> vspjpy; mwpe;J
,ilapyhd nghJik kw;Wk; NtWghLfs; nfhs;sf; $ba re;jk;> nghJkf;fs; tpUk;Gk; nkl;L
vd;gtw;iw ehk; njspthf ,dq;fhz;gJ ,tw;wpidAila fhtpankhd;W jw;fhyj;jpNy
mtrpakhFk;.
nra;J jUNthd; ekJ jha;nkhopf;Fg; Gjpa capu;
jkpopyf;fpaj;ij etPdkag;gLj;Jtjpy;
Kidg;Gld; nraw;gl;ltu;fs; vd;gJ
,tu;fsidtupd; nghJik mk;rkhFk;. Mdhy;>
,yf;fpak; gw;wpa Nehf;FepiyfspYk;
Nfhl;ghLfspYk; ,t;tpU jiyKiwapdUk;
njspthfNt NtWgLfpd;wdu;. Kjy;jiy
Kiwapdu; (t.Nt.R kw;Wk; ghujp KjypNahu;)
,yf;fpaj;ij xU r%fg;gad;ghl;Lr; rhjdkhff;
fUjpr; nraw;gl;ltu;fshtu;. gz;ghl;L kuGfspy;
Mokhff; fhYd;wp epd;w mtu;fs;> mk;kuGfspy;
fhyj;Jf;Nfw;wtifapy; epfoNtz;ba khw;wq;
fisg; gw;wp Mokhfr; rpe;jpj;jtu;fSq;$l.
mt;tifapy; r%fk;> Njrk; (Njrpak;)> vd;gd
njhlu;ghd jPtpu fUj;jhf;fq;fis Kd;itj;J
,aq;fpatu;fs;. mf; fUj;jhf;fq;fis czu;T
G+u;tkhf ntspg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpNyNa ,yf;fpaj;
Jiwapy; nraw;gl;Lepd;wtu;fs;> mtu;fs;. mj;
njhlu;gpy; GJikfis tuNtw;wtu;fs;> mtu;fs;
,t;tifapy; ghujpAila ,yf;fpa Nehf;F ,q;F
rpwg;ghf mtjhdpj;jw;FupaJ.
ghujpapd;Nehf;FepiyahdJ ‘,yf;fpaj;jpd;
cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; gad;ghl;Lepiy’
vd;gtw;iw ikag;gLj;jpajhFk;. mjhtJ ‘vJ
nrhy;yg;glNtz;Lk;?’ vd;gJk; mJ> ‘ahiu
Nehf;fp vg;gbr; nrhy;yg;glNtz;Lk;’ ‘mg;gbr;
nrhy;yg;gLtJ vj;jF gad;ghLilajhf
mikaNtz;Lk;?’ vd;gjpYk; jpl;lg;ghq;fhd
Kd;KbGfSld; ,yf;fpaj;Jiwapw; nraw;gl;L
epd;wtu;> mtu;. ,t;tifapy; Fwpg;ghf
khDlj;jpd; rpe;;jidapYk; nrad;KiwapYk;
vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wq;fs; epfo;j;Jtjw;F ,yf;fpak;
xU Clfkhf- fUtpahf- mikaf;$baJ vd;w
fUj;Jepiyapy; epd;Nw nraw;gl;ltu; >mtu;.
“cs;sj;jpy; cz;iknahsp cz;lhapd;
thf;fpdpNy xspAz;lhFk;...”
“ekf;Fj; njhopy; ftpij ehl;Lf; Fioj;jy; ...”>
“ghl;Lj; jpwj;jhNy ,t;itaj;ijg; ghypj;jpl
Ntz;Lk;”
Kjypadthf mike;j mtUila
‘ftpj;Jtf; $w;W’ fspy; ,J czu;TG+u;tkhf
ntspg;gl;lJ.
‘cs;sj;jpy; cz;lhFk; cz;iknahsp’
vd;gJ cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; Nehf;fq;fs;
vd;gtw;wpd; Jha;ikiaf; Fwpg;gJ. thf;F vd;gJ
,q;F mj;J}a;ik nkhopapNy ntspg;gLk;
Kiwikia-mjhtJ ,yf;fpa Mf;fepiyiaf;
Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,jpNy > Fwpj;j Nehf;fhfpa
cs;slf;f mk;rNk mjd; gilg;ghf;fepiya
xspAilajhf;Fk; vd;w mtuJ ek;gpf;if
njspthfg; gjpthfpAs;sJ.
jUNthdhfpd;whd;”
vd mike;j ghQ;rhyp ghQ;rhyp rgj rgj KfTiuf; Fwpg;ghdJ
mtUila ‘gad;ghl;Lepiyg; ghu;it’apd; njspthd
gpufldkhfNt ntspg;gl;ljhFk;.
,t;thwhf ,yf;fpaj;ij xUgad;ghl;Lr;
rhjdkhff; nfhs;tjhd Nehf;FepiyNa t.Nt.
R. Iau; kw;Wk; m. khjitah Kjypa
VidNahuplKk; ntt;NtW tpfpjhrhuq;fspy;;
mike;jpUe;jJ. ,tu;fs; KiwNa Njrpa Nehf;F
kw;Wk; r%f rPu;jpUj;j Nehf;F vd;gtw;iw
Kd;dpWj;jp ,yf;fpaj; Jiwfspy;;
nraw;gl;Lepd;wtu;fshtu; vd;gJ ntspg;gil.
,t;thwhd Kjy; jiyKiwapdupypUe;J
NtWgl;L> Nenujpuhd ,d;ndhU jsj;jpy;
,aq;fpatu;fNs Nkw;gb ,uz;lhtJ
jiyKiwapduhd kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;.
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;
kzpf;nfhbf;Fotpdu;
,t;thW $Wk;NghJ> ‘,uz;lhtJ jiy
Kiwapdu;’ gz;ghl;L ‘mtu;fs; Nkw;gb gz;ghL kw;Wk; r%f-
Njrpa Nehf;FfSf;fhd xU rhjdkhf -
r%fj;Jf;Fg; Nghjid nra;tjw;fhd
‘gad;gLfUtp’ahf-f; fUjpatu;fsy;yu; vd;gNj
,jd;nghUs;. ,j; njhlu;gpy; kzpf;nfhbf;
kzpf;nfhbf;
kzpf;nfhbf;
kzpf;nfhbf;
kzpf;nfhbf;
FOtpdUs; FOtpd FOtpd FOtpd FOtpd Kf;fpakhd xUtuhd
GJikg;gpj;jd; mtu;fspd;> fhQ;rid fhQ;rid vd;w
rpWfijj; njhFg;gpd; Kd;Diuapy; ,lk;ngw;w
gpd;tUk; Fwpg;Gfs; ,q;F Rl;lg;glNtz;ba
Kf;fpaj;JtKiladthFk;.
“ cyif ca;tpf;Fk; Nehf;fNkh >fiyf;F
vUtpl;Lr; nropf;fr; nra;Ak; Nehf;fNkh vdf;Nfh vd;
fijfSf;Nfh rw;Wk; fpilahJ. ehd; fdT
fz;lJ> fhz tpUk;gpaJ> fhz tpUk;ghjJ Mfpa
rk;gtf; Nfhitfs;jhk; ,it...”
“nghJthf vd;Dila fijfs; cyfj;Jf;F
cgNjrk; nra;J ca;tpf;f Vw;ghL nra;Ak; ];jhgdk;
my;y. gpw;fhy ey;tho;Tf;F nrsfupak;
gz;zpitf;Fk; ,d;\_ud;]; Vw;ghLk; my;y.
vdf;Fg; gpbf;fpwtu;fisAk; gpbf;fhjtu;fisAk;
fpz;ly; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwd; ..”
GJikg;gpj;jdpd; ‘jd;dpiy tpsf;f’khf
mike;j ,f;Fwpg;Gfs;’ Nkw;Rl;ba ghujp
Kjypatu;fspd; ,yf;fpa Nehf;fpypUe;J
NtWgl;lJk; vjpu;epiyahdJkhfpa xUjsj;jpy;
mtu; ,aq;fpepd;wikiaj; njspTWj;J
tdthFk;. ,e;j vjpu;epiyf;fhd fhuzpfs;
tpupthf Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;bad. Nehf;FNthk;.
(njhlUk;).
50 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

;
jkpof nra;jpkly;
“,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ijtpl;L
,y;yhj ,lk;Njb miyAk; Qhdj;jq;fNk...!”
Nf.[p.kfhNjth
‘mk;kh’ vd;why; mjpub vd;gJ kPz;Lk;
ep&gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. tpiyNaw;wk; thg]; vd;w
Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lkpy;iy vd;W Kjy;tu;> Mzp
mbj;jhy; Nghy; mwptpj;J tpl;ljhy; kf;fs;
vOr;rpapd; mLj;j fl;lk;| ‘tpiy cau;Tg; ge;J’
ePjpkd;wr; Rtu;fs; kPJ gl;L ‘G+kuq;’khjpup mk;kh
Nehf;fpNa jpUk;gpr; nry;y re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;
vd;gJjhd;! ehd; ,jid vOjpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJs;s epiyg;ghL> ePq;fs; gbf;Fk; NghJ
khw;wk; nfhz;lhYk; Mr;rupag;gLtjw;fpy;iy.
murpaypy; ,njy;yhk; rhjhuz eilKiwjhd;!
jkpo; ehl;by; n[ayypjh Ml;rpapy; vLf;fg;gLk;
rpy Kf;fpa KbTfs; Ntfj; jil ,y;yhky;> mtru
(mtrpa?) Nfhyj;jpy;jhd; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W
murpay; tpku;rfu;fs; njhlu;r;rpahf fUj;J
ntspapl;L tUtJ| fle;j khj gpw;gFjpapy; xU
ehspy;> xNu Neuj;jpy; ‘n[ah’ rpd;dj; jpiuapy;
Neupy; fhl;rp nfhLj;J - kf;fsplk; Neubahf
te;jpUf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $w - ghy;> g];
fl;lzj;ij n[ayypjh cau;j;jpajd; %yk;
cWjpg;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. Foe;ij> gpwe;jJ
Kjy; ghlrhiy nry;Yk;tiu jha;f;Fk;
Nra;f;Fkhd xNu Mjhu> jpdrup czthf - Cl;lr;
rf;jpahf ,Uf;Fk; ghypd; tpiyia fLikahf
n[ah muR mjpfupj;jpUg;gJ> eLj;ju
tu;f;fj;jpdiu ‘epyeLf;f’j;Jf; Fs;shf;fp
apUg;gJld;> Viofs; tapw;wpy; neUg;igf; nfhl;b
tpl;bUf;fpwJ. Cu;tpl;L Cu; nry;Yk;
$ypj;njhopyhsu;fs;> 75 rjtpfpj g]; fl;lz
cau;it ve;j tpau;it nfhz;L rkhspg;gJ vd;W
gjWfpd;wdu;. fw;gid nra;J $lg; ghu;f;fKbahj
,e;j kf;fs; tpNuhjg; Nghf;if vj;jug;gpduhYk;
[Puzpf;f Kbatpy;iy.
ghy;> g]; kw;Wk; cj;Njr kpd;fl;lz cau;thy;
m.jp.K.f. jtpu;e;j mj;jid murpay; fl;rpfs;
nfhe;jspj;Jk;> khztu;fs; NghuhbAk; muR>
,wq;FKfk; fhl;ltpy;iy. tpiyNaw;wk; jtpu;f;f
KbahjJ (jtWf;F tUe;Jfpd;Nwhk;?) vd;Wk;>
cz;ikia czuhky; murpay;thjpfspd; grg;G
thu;j;ijfspy; kaq;fhky;> murpay; khatiyapy;
rpf;fhky; tpopj;jpUq;fs; vd;W jkpof Kjy;tu;
tpLj;j tpsf;f mwpf;if> kf;fisj;
jpUg;jpg;gLj;jtpy;iy. Ml;rpapy; khw;wk; Ntz;Lk;
vd;W thf;Ffis ms;spf;nfhLj;J n[ayypjhit
gjtpapy; mku;j;jpa kf;fs;> ,d;W kd khw;wk;
fhz;fpd;wdu; vd;gJ epju;rdk;.
jp.K.f murpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gl;l Gjpa
jiyikr; nrayfk; khw;wk;> nrk;nkhop E}yfk;
khw;wk;> mz;zh gy;fiyf;fof fpisfs; %ly;>
njhy;fhg;gpag; G+q;fh Klf;fk;> nrk;nkhopg;
G+q;fhtpd; ngau;g; gyif kiwg;G vd;W gl;bay;
ePSk; murpay; fho;g;Gzu;r;rp Fwpj;J kf;fs; rpwpJk;
ftiyg;gltpy;iy. ,J kl;L ky;y> rkr;rPu; fy;tpj;
jpl;lj;ij xLf;f epidj;j n[ah muRf;F fpilj;j
ePjp kd;wj; jil> ,UE}W Nfhb &gh nrytpy;
mikf;fg;gl;l mz;zh E}w;whz;L E}yfj;ij
,lkhw;Wk; muR jpl;lj;Jf;F ,ilf;fhyj; jil>
13>000 kf;fs; eyg; gzpahsu;fis Ntiy ePf;fk;
nra;j muRf;F ePjpkd;w fz;ldj;Jld; kPz;Lk;
gzp mku;j;j cj;juT> ,ay;,ir ehlf Kj;jkpo;g;
Nguitia muR cilikahf;f ePjpkd;wj; jil
vd;W murpay; gopthq;fy; rkhrhuq;fisAk; $l
kf;fs; mjpfk; fz;L nfhs;stpy;iy. murpay;
Vzpapy; itf;fg;gLk; xt;nthU Kd;Ndw;w
mbAk; ePjpkd;wg; gbfspy; rWf;FtJ xU
njhlu;fijahfpwJ vd;gJ ,U rhuhuf;Fk;
njupe;jJ vd;whYk; ,d;W| ghy; tpiy> g];
fl;lzk;> ehis kpd;rhuf; fl;lz mjpfupg;Gf;F
muR $Wk; fhuzq;fis kf;fshy; epahag;gLj;j
Kbatpy;iy.
“murpd; kJghdq;fs;> Nfhb Nfhb &ghthf
tpw;gid nra;ag;gLtJld; NkYk; gy Mapuk;
Nfhb &gh t#ypf;f Gjpjhf murpd; ntspehl;L
kJghd Neub tpw;gidAk; tug;NghfpwJ.
,tw;wpd; tpiyiaAk; rpfnul; tpiyiaAk; ,U
klq;F Mf;fpdhy; vd;d? ,ytrq;fs; Ntz;lhk;>
me;jg; gzj;ijAk; muR f[hdhtpy; NrUq;fs;...
,e;j epiy cUthfpdhy; ,d;iwa tpiy
mjpfupg;ig thg]; ngwyhNk...” vd;gJ jha;khupd;
ghy; ghr ntspg;ghL. fl;rpfs; te;J Nghfyhk;>
Ml;rpfSk; khwyhk;> muR vd;gJ xd;WjhNd?
tPL fl;bdhy; mJ tPL. nrayfk;> E}yfk;>
kUj;Jtkid vd;why;> mit me;je;j fl;ll
mikg;G Kiwfisf; nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; elg;gJ
vd;d?
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 51

jp.K.f. muR fl;ba Gjpa rl;l kd;w tshfj;ij
n[ah muR> gy;Jiw cau;ju rpfpr;ir jUk;
kUj;Jtkidahf khw;wg; Nghtjhf
mwptpj;Jtpl;lJ. mz;zh E}w;whz;L E}yfj;ij>
cau;rpwg;G Foe;ijfs; ey kUj;Jtkidahf
khw;wg;NghtjhfTk; mwptpf;fpwJ. Mdhy;> xU
fl;blk; Njitapd; mbg; gilapy;jhd;
tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ> xU jpUkz
kz;lgj;ij fy;ahz itgtj;Jf;Fj;jhd; ghtpf;f
KbAk;. xU ghlrhiyf; fl;blk;> ghlrhiyg;
ghtidf;Fj;jhd;. n[ah muR vjpu;ghu;f;Fk;
cau;ju rpwg;G gy;Nehf;F kUj;Jtkid Vw;fdNt
Nryj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. jp.K.f muR epWtpaJ.
m.jp.K.f. muR te;jJk; mk;kUj;Jtkid
%Ltpoh fz;Ltpl;lJ. fhuzk; mwptpf;fg;
gltpy;iy. gy cau;ju muR kUj;Jt kidfs;
,d;W NghJkhd fl;ll trjpfs;> lhf;lu;fs;>
jhjpkhu;> kUj;Jt trjp gw;whf;FiwAld;
fhzg;gL fpwJ. tpgj;Jfspy; fhakile;jtu;
fSf;F rpfpr;ir mspf;f NghJkhd trjpfs;
,y;yhjJ kl;Lky;y> ‘gz;Nl[;’ Jzp $l gy
kUj;Jtkidfspy; ,y;iy. fhaj;Jf;Ff;
fl;Lg;Nghl> tpgj;Jf;Fs;shdtu;fis mioj;J
te;jtu;fspd; Nt\;b fpopf;fg;gLk; rk;gtq;fs;
njhlu;e;J elf;fpwJ. n[ah muR> Vw;fdNt
nray;gLk; muR kUj;Jtkidfspd; juj;ij
cau;j;jpdhy; vd;d? gw;whf;Fiwfis ePf;fpdhy;
vd;d? kUj;Jtkidia xl;bapUf;Fk; muR
epyj;jpy; Njitahd fl;llq;fis vOg;gpdhy;
vd;d? cs;sijf; nfhz;L ey;yJ nra;ahky;>
NkYk; gyNfhb &gh nrytopj;J ,bj;J
jukl;lkhf;fp Gjpa fl;llk; mikg;gnjd;why; ,jd;
nryT> kf;fs; tupg; gzj;jpy; ,y;iyah? ,Ug;gij
GJg;gpj;J nghypT+l;Ltjhf ,y;iy ,Ug;gij
mopj;J ,y;yhky; Nghtjh? “,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij
tpl;L ,y;yhj ,lk; Njb miyAk;
Qhdj;jq;fNk...” ghly;jhd; rl;nld;W epidTf;F
tUfpwJ. kdkhw;wk; muRf;F tuNtz;Lk;.
,y;iynad;why;| Ke;ija Ml;rpahsu;fs;
mikj;jhu;fs; vd;w fho;g;Gzu;r;rp ehis tUk;
khw;W muRf;Fk; tUk;. ,e;j murpay; mehfuPfk;
xU kughfNt ePbj;JtpLk;!
“rq;f “rq;f “rq;f “rq;f “rq;f ,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa ,yf;fpa mwptpay; mwptpay; mwptpay; mwptpay; mwptpay; fUj;ij fUj;ij fUj;ij fUj;ij fUj;ij
Mtzg;gLj;j Mtzg;gLj;j Mtzg;gLj;j Mtzg;gLj;j Mtzg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;!” Ntz;Lk;!” Ntz;Lk;!” Ntz;Lk;!” Ntz;Lk;!”
“rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspy; mZrf;jp Fwpj;j
ghly;fspy; tpgukhf Fwpg;gplg;gl; Ls;sJ. jkpo;
,yf;fz E}yhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; mwptpay;>
tpz;ntsp> kUj;Jtf;fUj;Jf;fs; epiwaNt
cs;sd. ,J Fwpj;J Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk;” vd;W> jpUr;rp ghujp jhrd; gy;fiyf;fof
tuyhw;Wj; Jiwapy; eilngw;w Njrpa
fUj;juq;fpy; typAWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,g;gy;fiyf;fof
tuyhw;Wj; Jiw jiytu; uhN[e;jpud; jiyik
tfpj;Jg;NgRifapy;| “rq;fg; ghly;fis ntWk;
,yf;fpakhf kl;LNk ghu;j;NjhNk jtpu> ghly;fspy;
nghjpe;Jfple;j mwptpay; fUj;Jf;fis fz;L
nfhs;stpy;iy. rpwe;j ehfuPfk;> mwptpay;
njhopy;El;gj;ij cyfehLfs; fz;lwpAk;
Kd;dNu ,e;jpau;fs; fz;lwpe;J rpwe;J
tpsq;fpdu;. Mdhy;> mtw;iw Mtzg;gLj;jj;
jtwpajhy; mjd; gaid> gpd;du; te;j re;jjpapdu;
ngwKbatpy;iy. mwptpaiyg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;s
Nkiy ehl;bdUld; rhu;e;J thoNtz;ba
Ju;g;ghf;fpa epiy Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ. gz;ilaj;
jkpou;fs; mwptpay; Jiwapy; rpwe;J
tpsq;fpajw;F> gy;NtW rq;f ,yf;fpag; ghly;fis
cjhuzkhff; $wKbAk;. Fwpg;ghf jkpo;
,yf;fz E}yhd njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; mwptpay;>
tpz;ntsp> kUj;Jtf; fUj;Jf;fs; epiwa cs;sd.
,J Fwpj;J Ma;Tfs; el j;j Ntz;baJ tUq;fhy
re;jjpf;F NgUjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;” vd;W mwpTiu
$wpdhu;.
,g;gbAk; ,g;gbAk; ,g;gbAk; ,g;gbAk; ,g;gbAk; elf;fpwJ. elf;fpwJ. elf;fpwJ. elf;fpwJ. elf;fpwJ.
cs;shl;rpj; Nju;jypy; ntw;wp ngw;w
cWg;gpdu;fs; gjtpNaw;Fk;NghJ nghJthf flTs;
ngaupy; rj;jpag; gpukhzk; nra;thu;fs;. godp
efuhl;rp KjyhtJ thu;l; m.jp.K.f. fpisf;fof
nrayhsUk;> godp efu vk;.[p.Mu;. kd;w Jizj;
jiytUkhd Nrhiy Nfrtd; (53taJ) efu;kd;w
cWg;gpduhf gjtpNaw;Fk; NghJ| “khtPud;
gpughfudpd; tpLjiy Ntl;ifapd; kPJ
Mizahf> thf;fspj;j kf;fSf;Fk;> ehl;Lf;Fk;
gzpahw;WNtd;” vd;W rj;jpag;gpukhzk; nra;jhu;!
GJr;Nrup vd;W miof;fg;gLk; ghz;br;Nrupapy;
Fapy;Njhg;G vDk; gFjpapy;jhd; 1908-1918tiu
ghujpahu; trpj;J te;jhu;. ghQ;rhyp rgjk;>
Fapy;ghl;L fz;zd; ghl;L> ghg;gh ghl;L vy;yhk;
,q;fpUe;Jjhd; ntspg;gl;lJ. ,e;j khftpQDf;F>
kzp kz;lgk;-ghujp epidtplk; mikf;f epyk;
Nfl;L ghz;br;Nrup muNrhL fle;j ,Ugj;J Ie;J
Mz;Lfshf rpy mikg;Gfs; ,d;Wk; NghuhbAk;
gydpy;iy! ,g;gb elf;Fk; vd;Wjhd; Kz;lhR
ghujp md;Nw> guhrf;jpaplNk fhzp epyk; Nfl;lhu;
NghYk;! vd;Nd jkpo;f; nfhLik!
tWikf; Nfhl;Lf;Ff; fPo; Kg;gJ Nfhb>
jpdKk; 20 Nfhb kf;fs; ,utpy; gl;bdp> 40 Nfhb
kf;fSf;F fy;tp mwpT ,y;iy> xt;nthU MW
tpehbf;Fk; xU Foe;ij gl;bdpahy; ,wf;fpwJ!
tsu;e;j ehLfspy; ngUk; NfhB];tuu;fisf;
nfhz;l ,e;jpahtpd; kWgf;fk; ,J!
52 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

Nf. Nf. nghd;Dj;Jiu
nghd;Dj;Jiu
“rpq;fs “rpq;fs ,yf;fpaKk; ,yf;fpaKk; jkpo; jkpo; nkhopngau;g;GfSk;”
nkhopngau;g;GfSk;”
nkhopngau;g;GfSk;”
nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fk; nts;spf;fpoik NjhWk; elj;Jk; “,yf;fpaf; fsk;” epfo;T ,g;nghOJ Gjpa
Njhw;wj;Jld; Gjpa fUj;JfSld; eilngw;W tUfpwJ. mjpy;; 04.11.20 nts;spf;fpoik “rpq;fs
,yf;fpaKk; jkpo;nkhop ngau;g;GfSk;”vd;w jiyg;gpy; gpugy nkhopngau;g;ghsu; cghyp yPyhul;d
ciuahw;wpdhu;. ,e;epfo;tpw;F jpUkjp gj;kh Nrhkfhe;jd; jiyik jhq;fpdhu;.
gtstpoh gtstpoh ehafu; ehafu; Nf. Nf. Nf. v];. v];. rptFkhuDf;F rptFkhuDf;F ghuhl;Lk; ghuhl;Lk; ghuhl;Lk; ‘[Ptejp’ ‘[Ptejp’ mwpKfKk;.
mwpKfKk;.
cyfj;jkpo;r; rpw;wpjo;fs; rq;fk; ,yq;iff; fpisapd; Vw;ghl;by; gtstpoh ehafd; jpwdha;thsu; Nf.
v];. rptFkhuDf;F ghuhl;Lk;> nfsutKk; [Ptejp gtstpoh rpwg;G kyu; mwpKfKk; ‘rhfpj;jpa uj;dh’
Nguhrpupau; rgh. n[auhrh jiyikapy; ,yf;fpag; Gutyu; `hrpk; cku; Kd;dpiyapy; nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r;
rq;fk; tpNehjd; kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.,e;epfo;tpy; Nguhrpupau; Nrh. re;jpuNrfud; ghuhl;Liu>
tho;j;Jiu nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fj; jiytu; K. fjpu;fhkehjd;; MfpNahu; toq;fpdhu;fs;.
tuNtw;Giuia nfhOe;J Mrpupau; me;jdp [Pth epfo;j;jpdhu;. tho;j;Jf; ftpijia ftpkzp [pd;dh`;;
\upGj;jPd; ghbdhu;.[Ptejp rpwg;gpjio ftpQu; m\;u/g; rp`hg;jPd; mwpKfk; nra;jhu;. jpwdha;thsu;
Nf. v];. rptFkhudpd; rpy gilg;Gf;fs; gw;wp jpUkjp gj;kh Nrhkfhe;jd;> jk;G rpth> fiyQu;
fiyr;nry;td; MfpNahu; ciuepfo;j;jpdu;.fUj;Jiuia [Ptejp Mrpupau; f. guzPjuDk;> Vw;Giuia
Nf. v];. rptFkhuDk; epfo;j;jpdhu;fs;.
ghbg;giw ghbg;giw
ghbg;giw
r%ftpQ;Qhdf; fw;if tl;lk; xt;nthU khj;jpd; KONehd;kjp jpdj;jpYk; “ghbg;giw” vd;w epfo;it
elj;jp tUfpwJ.,e;epfo;tpy; Kf;fpakhf> ftpijfs; gpwe;j #oy;> ftpijfs; kPjhd tpku;rdk;> ftpQu;fs;
gw;wpa ghu;it kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; ftpijapd; jhf;fk; Mfpa tplag;gug;Gfs; rhu;e;j ciufs; Jiwrhu;
tpw;gd;du;fisf; nfhz;L epfo;j;jg;gLtNjhL> ghly;fs;> kw;Wk; ftpauq;fKk; ,lk;
ngWk;.me;jtifapy; 10.11.2011 fhiy 10.00 kzpf;F ftpijg; gfpu;T: “rNfhjukf;fs;” rpq;fsnkhop
%y Mf;fk; gw;wp kNf\;Kdrpq;f> Kd;itf;f mjid v];. rptFUehjd; jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;jhu;.
ftpij gw;wpa fUj;Jg; gfpu;it khu;f]; gpughfu; Kd;itj;jhu;.“
4.mfjp Kfhk; tho;f;if>5.,lg;;ngau;T>6.,af;fq;fspd;Nghu;fhyf;fhyr; nraw;ghLfs;>7. mit gw;wpa
tpku;rdk;>8.jkpo; K];ypk; ,d Kuz;ghL $u;ikailjy;>9. Nghu;f;fsr; #oypy; 10.Nghupd; tLf;fs; vd;gjhfg; gy Nfhzq;fspy; Nghu;fhyf;ftpijfs; Nehf;fg;gl;ld. mLj;J
Nghuhrpupau; rp.rptNrfuj;jpd; “rkhjhdg;Gwhf;fs;” vd;wftpijj; njhFjpapypUe;J ftpjh muq;f
Mw;Wifia kpJd;uhFy;>Rjhfu;> kw;Wk; mNdh[d; MfpNahu; epfo;j;jpdhu;fs;.
kiwe;j rptukzpapd; ftpijfspy; ,Ue;J njupT nra;ag;gl;l ftpijj; jiyg;GfspypUe;J ftpQu;
fpz;zpah mkPu; myp jiyikapy; “ftpauq;fk; eilngw;wJ.,f;ftpauq;fpy;:“J}f;fp vwpag;gl Kbahj
Nfs;tpaha;”- jD[d;>“Gjpa tho;tpd; Rje;jpu fPjk;”- nry;tp YZfiy =>“Aj;jfhy ,unthd;wpd
;neUf;Fjy;”- m]hUjPd;>“,d;Dk; tho;fpNwd;” - gj;jidA+u; Nt.jpdfud; MfpNahu; ftp ghbdu;.;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 53

fyhG+\zk; [dhg; mg;Jy; fhjh; m]Pk; (aho;.m]Pk;)
mth;fsJ 30 tUl Clftpay; Nritiag; ghuhl;b
tlkhfhz gz;ghl;L mYty;fs; jpizf;
fsj;jpdhy; 2011 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd nfsut MSeh;
tpUJ toq;fpf; nfsutpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
mw;iwj;jpq;fs
mw;iwj;jpq;fs;
mw;iwj;jpq;fs
nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fk; khje;NjhWk; Nehd;kjp jpdq;fspy; elj;Jk; jdpj;Jtkpf;f ,yf;fpa epfo;thd
“mw;iwj;jpq;fs;” 10.11.2011 md;W epfo;tpy; tlfpof;F khfhz Kd;dhs; fyhrhu gz;ghl;lYty;fs;
jpizf;fsg; gzpg;ghsu; v];. vjpu;kd;drpq;fk; fye;J nfhz;L jdJ tho;tpay; mDgtq;fisg; gfpu;e;J
nfhz;lhu;.,e;epfo;tpw;F nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fj; jiytu; K. fjpu;fhkehjd; jiyik jhq;fpdhu;.
,yf;fpaf;fsj;jpy; ,yf;fpaf;fsj;jpy; Nfh.eNlra;au;
Nfh.eNlra;au;
nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fk; nts;spf;fpoikfs; NjhWk; elj;Jk; “,yf;fpaf; fsk;” epfo;tpy; nfhOe;J Mrpupau;
v];. me;jdp [Pth “Njrgf;jd; Nfh. eNlirau; tho;Tk; gzpAk;” vd;w jiyg;gpy; 11.11.2011
nts;spf;fpoik khiy ciuahw;wpdhu;.,e;epfo;tpw;F nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;f cjtp nrayhsu; jk;G
rpth jiyik tfpj;jhu;;.
my;m]_kj;jpd; my;m]_kj;jpd; my;m]_kj;jpd; mWtilf; mWtilf; mWtilf; fdTfs; fdTfs; fdTfs; (ehty;) (ehty;) ntspaPl;L ntspaPl;L tpoh.
tpoh.
nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r;rq;f rq;fug;gps;is kz;lgj;jpy; etk;gu; 12Me;jpfjp khiy 4.00 kzpf;F Gutyu;
Gj;jfg;G+q;fh epWtdu; Gutyu; ‘`hrpk; cku; Kd;dpiy tfpf;f kiyehl;L vOj;jhsu; kd;wj;jpd;
jiytu; njsptj;ij N[hrg; mtu;fspd; jiyikapy; tpoh eilngw;wJ. rpwg;G mjpjpfshf tPuNfrup
ntspaPLfspd; tpepNahf Kfhikahsu; vk;. nre;jpy;ehjd;> ky;ypif Mrpupau; nlhkpdpf;[Pth> nfhOk;Gj;
jkpo;r;rq;fj; jiytu; K. fjpu;fhkehjd;> G+ghyrpq;fk; Gj;jfrhiy mjpgu; G+. =jurpq;> kw;Wk; gyu;
fye;J rpwg;gpj;jdu;.tuNtw;Giuia gJis Nrdhjpuh[h epfo;j;j E}y; gw;wpa fUj;Jiufis
jpwdha;thsu; K. nghd;dk;gyk;> ftpQu; R. Kuspjud;> ftpQu; m\;u/g; rp`hg;jPd; MfpNahu;
epfo;j;jpdhu;fs;. ed;wpAiuia ftpjhapdp YZfiy = epfo;j;jpdhu;.
xNu xNu ehspy; ehspy; VO VO E}y;fspd; E}y;fspd; ntspaPl;L ntspaPl;L tpoh
tpoh
rha;e;jkUJ kUjk; fiy ,yf;fpa tl;lj;jpd; rhu;gpy; mdp];lh]; n[auh[pd; VO E}y;fshd ,e;jpahit
Nerpf;Fk; tiu> NghUk; kdpjDk;> xUkhkd;dupd; nghw;fhyk;> kuzk; xU Kbty;y> rpd;d rpd;d
vz;zq;fs;>”vdJ Njrk;> vdJ kf;fs;”> kf;fSk; kw;wtu;fSk; Mfpa rkfhy murpay;> fiy ,yf;fpa
gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fspd; Gykhf itj;Jg; Gidag;gl;l VO E}y;fspd; ntspaPl;L tpoh nfhOk;Gj;
jkpo;r; rq;f kz;lgj;jpy; kiyehl;L vOj;jhsu; kd;wj; jiytu; njsptj;ij N[hrg; jiyikapy;
19.11.2011 rdpf;fpoik khiy eilngw;wJ.,e;epfo;tpy; tuNtw;Giuia nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;f nghJr;
nrayhsu; ,uFgjp ghy=jud; epfo;j;jpdhu;. ftptho;j;ij “fhg;gpaf;Nfh” [pd;dh`; \upGj;jPd;
toq;fpdhu;. tho;j;Jiuia me;jdp [PthTk; E}yhrpupau; mwpKfj;ij ftpQu; Njrge;J lhf;lu; Gutyu; my;`h[; V.gp.
mg;Jy;ifAk; fye;J nfhz;L Kjy; gpujpia ngw;W rpwg;G nra;jhu;.tPuNfrup tpahghu mgptpUj;jp
Kfhikahsu; vk;. nre;jpy;ehjd; tpN\l mjpjpahf fye;Jnfhz;L rpwg;G gpujpia ngw;Wf; nfhz;lNjhL
mdp];l]; n[auh[papd; ,izaj;jsj;ijAk; Muk;gpj;Jitj;jhu;. nfsut mjpjpfshf gy murpay;
gpuKfu;fs; fye;J nfhz;L rpwg;G gpujpfis ngw;W E}yhrpupaiu rpwg;G nra;jdu;.E}y; gw;wpa
eaTiufis itj;jpafyhepjp jhrpk; mfkJ> eth]; nrsgp MfpNahu; toq;f E}yhrpupau; mdp];l];
54 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

n[auh[; jdJ Vw;Giuapy;> “ehd; ,Jtiuapy; 16 Gj;jq;fis ntspapl;Ls;Nsd;> vg;gbAk;; Mapuk;
Gj;jfq;fis fl;lhak; ntspapLNtd;” vd;W Mzpj;jukhff; Fwpg;gpl;lJ
,yf;fpaj; Jiwf;Fk; Xu; Gjpa cw;rhfj;ij mspg;gjhf mike;jJ.
fk;gisjhrDf;F fk;gisjhrDf;F fz;zPu; fz;zPu; khiy
khiy
kiwe;j fiyQu; “fyhG+\zk;” fk;gisjhrd; (V.rP rh`Py; `kPj;) mtu;fspd; epidthf nfhOk;G
Kj;jkpo; kd;wk; fz;zPu; khiy vd;w ,uq;fy; xd;W$liy nfhOk;G nk]Q;ru; tPjp gpiul;ld;
nu];l; ,d; jpUkz kz;lgj;jpy; ,yf;fpag; Gutyu; `hrpk; cku; Kd;dpiyapy; 20.11.2011
Qhapw;Wf;fpoik khiy elj;jpaJ. nfhOk;G Kj;jkpo; kd;wj;jpd; ];jhgfr; nrayhsuhd
fk;gisjhrd; jiyefu; gl;bkd;w guk;giuia nfhOk;gpy; jf;f itf;f
mUk;ghLgl;ltuhthu;.,tUf;fhd fz;zPu; mQ;rypapy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; V.vr; vk;.m];tu;>
fk;gthupjp ,.n[auh[;> ,yq;iff;fhd nkhup\pa]; J}Jtu; Nj. Kd;dhs; gpujp mikr;ru;
ng. ,uhjhfpU];zd;>”jkpo;njd;wy;” my;`h[; myp mf;gu; nfhOk;Gj; jkpor; rq;fj; jiytu; K.
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Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 57

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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012
58 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

md;nwhU ehs; mtyk;
,d;ndhU ehspYk;
tlGy aho; E}yfk; jkpoff; Nfhl;^u;g;Gu
E}yfk; ,uz;Lk; ,ul;ilg; gpwtpfNsh?
md;nwhU ehspy; ele;j mtyk; ,d;nwhU
ehspYk; ,lk; ngah;T fhz;fpwJ vd;gJ Nghy
‘,oTr; nra;jp’ vd; Xiria tpl kpifj;J!.
murpay; rhf;filf;F ,Uf;fpw Mjpf;f
ehw;wj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. aho; E}yf vhpg;Gk; ,U
ngUk;ghd;ik murpay; thjpfs; Nkw;ghh;itapy;
ele;jJ. jkpof E}yf mfw;wYk; (mopg;G?)
ngUk;ghd;ik Ml;rp mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;w murpay;
thjpahNyNa elf;fg;ghh;f;fpwJ.
VNjh ePjp Njtijapd; ,ilf;fhyj; jilahy;
jw;fhypf epk;kjp. ,e;j epiyapy; ,t;Nthir.
vdf;F 60-fspy; epfo;e;j Xh; mDgtk;
epidtpy; -mg;nghOJ jpdfuDf;F rpdpkhj; jPdp
NghLtJk; vd; flikfspnyhd;W.
xU rkak;> nrd;id> ghz;bg[hh; rptQhdk;
njU> ‘re;jpah gtdj;jpy; ehd; ghh;j;j Xh; mw;Gjkhd
E}yfj;jpd; nrhe;jf;fhhpahf Xh; ‘mk;K’ (n[ayypjh)
jpfo;;e;jhh;. mth; jtwpg;Ngha; jpiuf;F te;j ‘mwpT
[Ptp’ vd th;zpf;fg;gl;lhh;.
tsuj;Jbf;Fk; xU jpiu el;rj;jpuk; Mq;fpy
E}y;fs; Kf;fhYk;> jkpo; fhYkhfr; Nrfhpj;jpUg;gJ
gpukpg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
mg;gbg;gl;l ‘mk;K’ ,d;W ,yl;Nrhg ,yl;r
kf;fSf;F ‘mk;kh’ thfj; jpfo;fpw NghJ Xh; mwpTg;
nghf;fprj;jpy; if itf;fyhkh?
jpUth&h; jpUf;Ftis Kj;JNty; fUzhepjp
mth;fsJ ‘jkpo; tzpfk;’ gw;wp Xirapl;l gpd;G
‘ntz;zpw Mil’ mk;Kthfpa mk;kh
mth;fSk; jkpopd; kPJ ifitf;Fk;
NghJ Xntd;W xg;ghhp itf;fNt
Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ.
kuz Njtdpd; mUfhikf;Fg;
Ngha;tpl;l Neuj;jpYk; mhpa
E}nyhd;wpidg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j
NguwpQh; ngahpy; (mz;zh) epWtg;gl;l
mfpyg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpNyNa ,uz;lhtJ
rpwg;gplk; ngw;w xU ngU E}yfk;
mikf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpNyNa Mz;lhz;L fhyKk;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,jidNa ,q;Fk; vq;Fk; mj;jid
Ngdhf;fhuh;fSk; tpUk;gp epw;fpwhh;fs;.
murpay; rhf;filapy; mwpT mope;J mkpo;e;J
tplyhfhJ.
mbf;Fwpg;G:
‘mz;zh E}w;whz;L E}yfj;ijj;
jhprpf;Fk;gb Kd;Gk; Xirapl;bUf;fpNwd; ,dpAk;
jhkjpf;fhjPh;fs;’
mG+h;tkhd jkpo; ehlf epfo;Tfs;
,t;thz;bd; mf;Nlhgh; tiuapyhd gj;J
khj fhyj;jpy; ‘ngUikkpF’ epfo;T jiyefhpy;
vJntdpy;> xNunahU jkpo; ehlfk; kl;Lk;
muq;NfwpaJ. mJTk; gy jilit Nkil fz;l
xU nghOJ Nghf;F ehlfk;.
,g;gb Klq;fp Klkha;g; Nghd epiyapy; ve;j
XirANk ,y;yhky; ehd;F FW ehlfq;fs;
xt;nthd;Wk; miukzpf;F Nkw;glhjit ,U
jpdq;fs; (et-07> 17) muq;Nfw;wk;.
mDruiz Njrpa ,isQh; Nritfs;
kd;wk; mjd; 32-tJ ,isQh; ehlf tpoh.
nuhdpfh rhkyp - nry;tuh[h yPyhtjp ,UtUk;>
FUlDk; nehz;baDk;> fhl;l> vk;. rp. e[pKj;jPd;
rNyhkpiaf; nfhz;Ltu v];. tujFkhh; ‘kdNk
NgR’ vd;W tpUk;g. epuQ;rd; re;jpuhj;jpad;
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 59

gujDk; rPijAk; vd epidTWj;j ghh;f;ff;
fpilj;jth;fSf;F ey;ynjhU mDgtk;.
vd;idg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> vd; uridapy;>
‘rNyhkpapy;’ ey;y gy
ehlfg; gapw;rpg;gl;liwfisAk; tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk;
elj;jpAs;sJ. KJngUk; fiyQh; nfhOk;G ehlf
[hk;gthd; fiyr; nry;tdJ NritfSk; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
ey;yJ. kw;WnkhU ehlf tpohtpy; fye;J
nfhs;sTk; nfhOk;G mgpkhdpfSf;F re;jh;g;gk; cs;sJ.
,J> ,k;khjj;jpy; nfhOk;G> fpwPd;ghj;
(tpfhukhNjtpg; G+q;fh gpd;Gwk;) N[hd; rpy;th
kz;lgj;jpy; epfoTs;sJ. ehNsLfisg; ghh;j;J
Njjpfisf; fz;L nry;Yq;fs;. ngUk;ghYk; ,ytr
mDkjpahfNt ,Uf;Fk;.
jpiuauq;FfSf;Fs;Sk;> njh. fh. ngl;bf;F
Kd;Dk; VO ehl;fisAk; nrytpLfpwth;fs;
xNunahU ehisahtJ Kj;jkpopd; xd;whd
ehlfj;jpw;Fr; nrytplyhNk!
Fd;wpypl;l jPgj;jpy; nfhiy!
‘Fd;wpypl;l jPgkhf kpspUk; tuyhw;W Gfo;
rPfphpa Fd;wpy; Vwpg;ghh;f;Fk; tha;g;G fhy;
E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF ngw;W Nguhde;jk;.
EioTr; rPl;Lg; ngWk; ,lj;jpw;fUfpy;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghpa tprhykhd topfhl;ly;
gyifapy; gpd; fhzg;gLtJ Nghy; Fwpg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd:
01. MAIN CAR PARKgpujphd
thfdj;jhpg;gplk;
02. WESTERN ENTRANCE-
NkwF thapy
03. MIDDLE RAMPARTkj;jpa
gJfhg;G kjpy;
04. INNER MOATcs
ePh;f mfy;
05. SOUTHERN GATEWAY
njd thif
06. LION’S PAW TERRACErpqff;fh;y
Kw;wk;
07. YOU ARE NOW HERE
eqfs; ,g;NghJ ,q;Nf ,Uf;fpwPh;fs;
08. EASTERN PRECINCTfpOf;F
vy;iy.
ehd; mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;j jkpof md;gh;>
“rhh;” ,J aho;g;ghzj; jkpoh?” vd;whh;.
jiyFdpe;Njd;.
ntF rhkd;ah;fSf;Fk;! rPdr; rpe;jidfs;
,g;nghOnjy;yhk; Mrpag;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; thOk;
ngUk;ghyhd kf;fSf;F jpdnkhU jlitahtJ
‘rPdr; rpe;jidfs;’ tUk;. tUtjw;F mth;fisr;
Rw;wp epfOk; epfo;Tfs; top mikf;Fk;.
ek;Kila rpwpa jPtpy; - jiyefh; nfhOk;gpy;
- ntF ntF rhkhd;ah;fSk; $l Fs;sr; rPdh;fis
rpy tpehbfshtJ epidf;fpwhh;fs;.
,g;gbahd xU #oypy; E}nyhd;wpd; jiyg;G
jiy fpW fpWfr; nra;jJ.
fuk;rpq; vd;w xU kNyrpa ,e;jpahpd;
thhpRfspy; xUtuhd ngz; tof;FiuQh; fuk;
gpbj;j Mq;fpNyaf; fzth; khh;l;bd; n[f;]; vOjpa
E}nyhd;W mtiu kpfTk; gpugykhf;fpAs;sJ.
ngah;: “xU ehs; rPdh cyfj;ij MSk;!”
nghWq;fs;> mLj;jhz;L kNyrpah nry;ifapy;
Njbg;gpbj;Jg; gbj;J ,yq;if ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpwjh
vd;gij XirapLfpNwd;.
cg;GkhTf;F Xh; ,yl;rk; ghyh;!
‘FAST FOOD’ vd miof;fg;gLfpw Jhpj
czTfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit Jhpjkhdjy;y!
rpyNu ,ufrpak; czUth;.
jkpofj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtruj;
jahhpg;G vd;gJ cg;Gkh! Mdhy; midj;Jf;
filfspYk; mG+h;tk;!
,e;j cg;Gkhitj; jahhpj;Jf; fhl;b Xh; ,yl;rk;
lhyh; ghpR ngw;w Kk;gha; Mrhkpia epA+ahh;f;fpy;
ghh;f;fyhk;.
xU rikay; Nghl;bapy; cg;Gkhit toq;fp
mrj;jpAs;s /gpsha;L fhh;lh[; (ngah; gy;iy
vd;dNth nra;fpwNj!) “,e;j ntw;wpAk; yl;rk; lhyh;
ghpRk; vdf;Nf jpifg;igj; jUfpwJ.” vd;W xg;Gf;
nfhz;Ls;shh;.
,e;jj; jftiyAk; njhpAq;fs; “cg;gpz;b”
vd;why; jhd; njYq;Ff; fhuh;fSf;Fg; GhpAk;.
fd;dlf;fhuh;fSf;Nfh “cg;gpl;L”. (mLj;jKiw
ngq;f@Utpy; ,g;gbNa tprhhpAq;fs;)
vdf;Fjtpa ,jo;: 64 Mz;Lfshfg; gbf;Fk;
‘kQ;rhp’ jkpo; il[];l;
M`h! ey;y mofhd jkpo;g; ngah;fs;
,yq;if Mq;fpy ,jnohd;wpy; gpd;
fhzg;gLk; ehd;F ngah;fs; jkpo;f; Foe;ijfSf;F
#l;lg;gl;bUg;gijf; fz;L ‘M`h! ey;y mofhd
jkpo;g; ngah;fs;’ vd mth;fSf;F khdrPfkhfg;
ghuhl;Lj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhz;Nld;:
* m Ng\p * mNg ehj;
* ythd; * rpNdhgh.
60 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

E}y; E}y; E}y; : : : Jauk; Jauk; Rkf;Fk; Rkf;Fk;
Rkf;Fk;
Njhou;fsha;
Njhou;fsha;
Mrpupau; Mrpupau; Mrpupau; : : : njNkhjiu
njNkhjiu
FwpQ;rpthzd;
FwpQ;rpthzd;
ntspaPL ntspaPL : : tpgpvk; tpgpvk; ntspaPL
ntspaPL
- - jpUf;Nfhtpy;
jpUf;Nfhtpy;
tpiy tpiy : : &gh &gh 125 125/= 125
“Jauk; Rkf;Fk; Njhou;fsha;...” vd;Dk;
ftpijj; njhFjpapd; Mrpupau; njNkhjiu
FwpQ;rpthzd;. ,tu; njNkhjiuapYs;s
neju;tpy; Njhl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;. mq;Fs;s rTjk;
ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;wtu;. ,aw;ifapd;
mutizg;gpy; tsu;e;j ,tiu ftpijkfs;
fhjydhf;fpf; nfhz;lhs;. kuG khwhj
mUikahd ftpijfis kyu;fshf;fp
rQ;rpiffspy; tyk; tur; nra;jhu;. 1963 Kjy;
vOjp tUfpd;whu;.
kiyaff; ftpQu;fshd rf;jpghy Iah>
FwpQ;rpj; njd;dtd; FwpQ;rpg;ghyd;>
FwpQ;rpf;Fkud;> FwpQ;rpehld;> rp.v];.fhe;jp>
moFg;gps;is> rhuy;ehld;> g.jq;fk;> ypq;fjhrd;>
KjypNahu; vOjpa fhyj;jpy; jukhd
ftpijfisj; jto tpl;ltu;.
,tuJ ftpijfs;> tPuNfrup> jpdfud;>
jpdf;Fuy;> jpdgjp> rpe;jhkzp> kpj;jpud;> nra;jp>
G+ghsk; Kjypa rQ;rpiffspy; ntspte;jd.
ghLnghUshf ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiw kf;fspd;
JauNk mike;jJ. kiyaf kf;fspd; tWik>
tPby;yh mtyk;> rk;gsk; Nghjhik> czT
gw;whf;Fiw> rq;fq;fspd; ghuhKfk;> murpay;
fhuu;fspd; mrl;ilj;jdk;> Njhl;l
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; nfLgpb> xw;Wik ,d;ik
vd;gd Rl;nlupf;Fk; #upaf; fjpu;fisg; Nghy;
ftpijfspy; fdy; tpLfpd;wd.
ngz;kf;fspd; tho;tpaiy ftpQd; cs;sk;
ghLfpwJ.
milkio nga;jpl;lhYk;
ml;ilfs; fbj;jpl;lhYk;
milf;Nfhop NghYk; tPl;by
mau;e;jplhu; .......
vd;Wk;> mtu;fs; gag;gLtJ ahiuf; fz;L
vd;gjw;F tpilahf
fhl;by; tho; nfhLq;fub Gypiaf; $l
fz;nzjpNu fz;lhYk; fyf;fk; ,y;iy
Nuhl;bdpNy fld;je;jhu; jidf; fz;lhy;
fyq;fhj fy;neQ;rk; fyq;fpg; NghFk;.
Njhl;l kf;fs; fld; fhuu;fshfNt tho;fpwhu;fs;
vd;gij ftpij glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. Njhl;l
kf;fspd; Jau tho;it mwpa tpUk;GNthu;
,f;ftpijfs; Clhf mtu;fspd; mtyq;fis
mwpa mupa tha;g;gpJ. gbj;J kfpOq;fs;
ml;ilg;glk; Nrhfj;ij Rkf;Fk; Njhou;fis ,dk;
fhl;LfpwJ.
F¿Šáehl‹
E}y; E}y; : : tpbaiyj; tpbaiyj; Njb
Njb
Mrpupau; Mrpupau; : : nrq;if
nrq;if
Mopahd;
Mopahd;
ntspaPL ntspaPL : : fkyk; fkyk; gjpg;gfk;>
gjpg;gfk;>
aho;g;ghzk;
aho;g;ghzk;
tpiy tpiy : : &gha; &gha; 180 180/= 180
,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhf mjpAau; rhfpj;a uj;dh tpUJ
ngw;wtu; nrq;if Mopahd;. E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd
rpWfijfisAk; ehty;fisAk; vOjpf;
Ftpj;jtu;. jdf;nfd [P.[P.nghd;dk;gyk;> je;ij nry;th
KjypNahu; murpay; cupikf;fhfg; Nghuhb
ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jtuplk; Njhy;tp fz;ldu;.
rhj;tPfg; Nghuhl;lk; Njhy;tpAw ,isQu;fs; MAjg;
Nghuhl;lk; elj;jj; jiyg;gl;ldu;. ,uhZtf;
nfhLgpbfs; neUf;Fthuq;fs; njhlq;fpd.
,uhZtj;jpd; ifNahq;fpa epiyapy; Vw;gl;l ,l
efu;Tfs;. mjdhy; kf;fs;gl;l Jd;gq;fs; Jau;fs;
capu; ,og;Gf;fs; vd;gitfisg; gpd;dzpahff;
nfhz;L Gidag;gl;l ehty; ,J. uridf;fhf
,ilapy; Nghuhsp rrPjud; tre;jp fhjYk; Nru;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kd;dhupy; cs;s fpuhkkhd Rq;fd;Fopapy;
fij Muk;gkhfpwJ. mk;gythzu; kfd;
rz;Kfk; ,uhZt efu;it vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp
G+efupf;F ,lk; ngau;fpd;wdu;. mq;fpUe;J> gue;jd;
fpspnehr;rp GJf;FbapUg;G vd;W ,lk; khwp
Ky;iyj;jPT tUfpd;wdu;. ,ilapy; ,oe;j
cilikfs; capu; ,og;Gfs; Vuhsk;. Ik;gj;jhW
NgUld; Gwg;gl;l mk;gythzu; FLk;gk; ,UgJ
NgUld; kPz;Lk; Rq;fd;Fop NghfpwJ.
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 61

mk;gythzu; mDgtrhyp. Nghuhspfs;> ,e;jpa
,uhZtk;> ,yq;if ,uhZtk; MfpNahUld;
nghUJ ntw;wp fz;l fsq;fisAk; mNj Neuk;
Nghuhspfspd; nfLgpbfs;> kf;fSf;F ,ioj;j
,d;dy;fs; vd;gdtw;iwAk; njspthf
tpsf;Ffpwhu;. mtUila Vf;fg; ngU%r;R
gspr;rpLfpwJ. Ngud; rrpjud; - tre;jp MfpNahiu
Nru;f;f Kidfpwhu;. tre;jpia ‘fyh’ %yk; flj;Jk;
rrpjud; nts;isf; nfhbgpbj;J nry;Yk; NghJ
Fz;lhy; mbgLfpwhd;. ,sRfisf; fhg;ghw;w
tre;jpf;Fk; jpahFtpw;Fk; jpUkz Vw;ghL
elf;fpwJ.mq;Nf rrpjud; te;J tpLfpwhd;. fijapy;
khw;wk; cz;lhfpwJ. mk;gythzu; jdJ
nrhj;Jf;fis tre;jpf;Fk; jpahFtpw;Fk; vOJfpwhu;.
Nghupdhy; Vw;gl;l Jf;f nra;jpfis
tpgupg;gjpNyNa fij efu;fpwJ. ,ij Xu; rupj;jpu
ehtyhfTk; ghu;f;fyhk;. tpWtpWg;G Fd;whky;
ehty; eil NghLfpwJ.
E}y; E}y; : : fiu fiu NjLk;
NjLk;
miy
miy
Mrpupau; Mrpupau; Mrpupau;: Mrpupau; : k.Gtpyf;\p
k.Gtpyf;\p
ntspaPL ntspaPL ntspaPL : : bird; bird; bird; yg;
yg;
tpiy tpiy : : &gh &gh 200 200/= 200
ePyhtiz vd;W
nrhd;dhy; ngUq;ftpQu;
ePyhtzd; mtu;fNs
Qhgfj;jpw;F tUthu;. me;j
Cupy; ,Ue;J xU Gjpa ,sk;
ftpQu; Njhd;wpAs;shu;. mtu;jhd; k.Gtpyf;\p.
,tu; Kd;du; xU ftpijj; njhFjpia
ntspapl;Ls;shu;. gy;NtW tplaq;fisg; gw;wp
,e;E}ypy; jiyg;gpl;L vOjp cs;shu;.
ftpij ,tiu Ml;nfhz;ljh? ,tu;
ftpijia Ml;nfhz;lhuh vd;gij ,tNu
vOjpAs;shu;. ghLnghUshf epyT> kPdtd;>
Rdhkp> fhjy;> md;G> Nghupd; tL> JwT> rthy;;>
moF> mopahj epidTfs;> Viog;Nghuhsp vd;W
jiyg;Gfs; ePSfpd;wd. Ik;gj;njl;L gf;fq;fisf;
nfhz;l ifalf;fkhd ,g;Gj;jfj;jpy; mWgJf;F
Nkw;gl;l> kdjpy; Njhd;wpa vz;zq;fis ftpij
Mf;fq;fshfg; gilj;Js;shu; Mrpupau;.
Rdhkpapd; nfhLikfis kpfTk; jj;&gkhf
tpgupj;Js;shu;. miy rg;jq;fspy; vd; cwTfspd;>
mywy; Nfl;gjhy; flYf;Fr; nry;tij
epWj;jptpl;Nld; vd;fpwhu; ftpQu;. ‘kPdtd;’ ftpij
kPdtu;fspd; tWik tho;f;ifia vLj;J
tpsf;FfpwJ. Jau; Jilf;f ahUk; ,y;iyNa vd;w
Vf;fg; ngU%r;ir tWikahsu;fspd;
Fikr;ry;fspy; ,Ue;J mwpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
‘rthy;’ vd;w ftpij r%fj;jpy; elkhLk;
tQ;ffu;fspd; eltbf;iffis gpuj;jpal;rkhff;
fhl;LfpwJ. ey;ytu; Nghy; ebg;gu; mtu;fis ek;gp
tplhNj vd;W vr;rupf;Fk; ftpij ,J ‘mopahj
epidTfs;’ fhjypd; Ntjidia gpupit gpope;J
jUfpwJ.
Viofspd; tho;T vg;gb efu;fpwJ vd;gij
glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lk; fhl;rp ,Njh.
kioapYk; ntapypYk;
gdpapYk; FspupYk;
Esk;gpYk; nfhRtpYk;
njhlu;fpwJ vkJ
Jauj;jpd; Js;sy;fs;.
E}y; E}y; : : NghUf;fg;ghy;
NghUf;fg;ghy;
Mrpupau; Mrpupau; : : kzpg;Gytu;
kzpg;Gytu;
kUJ}u; kUJ}u; V.k[Pj;
ntspaPL ntspaPL : : kUJ}u;
kUJ}u;
ntspaPl;Lg; ntspaPl;Lg; gzp gzp kid
kid
tpiy tpiy : : &gh &gh 285 285/= 285
kUJ}u; V.k[Pj; mtu;fs;
gpugy vOj;jhsu;. ftpQu;
mJTk; kzpg;Gytu;. ,Jtiu
mtu; gjp%d;W E}y;fis
ntspapl;Ls;shu;. rpWfijj;
njhFjp> Ma;T E}y;fs;> ftpij E}y;> tuyhW Nghd;w
E}y;fis vOjp ,yf;fpaTyFf;Fj; je;Js;shu;.
kiwe;j khngUk; kdpj Neaq;nfhz;l
mikr;rUk; K];yPk; fhq;fpu]; jiytUkhd
m\;ug; mtu;fspd; kzpnkhopfis E}yhf;fpf;
je;Js;shu; kzpg;Gytu;. Vwf;Fiwa E}W
gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l ,e;E}ypy; m\;ug; mtu;fs;
fye;J nfhz;l tpohf;fspy; mtu; Ngrpa Ngr;rpd;
rhuj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ ,e;E}y;. ,e;E}ypd;
Kd;gf;f ml;ilapy; ftpQUk; kpfg; ngUk;
Ngr;rhsUkhd m\;ug; mtu;fs; rpupj;j Kfj;NjhL
ek;ik tuNtw;fpwhu;.
,e;E}y;> jkpOk; %d;W r%fq;fSk;> Mq;fpyk;
fw;gjpy; Mu;tk; Ntz;Lk;> mopahj Mj;kh>
jpUr;rigapd; fy;tpg; gzp> tpku;rdk;> Mrpupau;
njhz;L> Rtu; ,Ue;jhy;> kdpj Neak;>
Vioj;njhz;L vd;W gy jiyg;Gfspy; m\;ug;
mtu;fs; cjpu;j;j fUj;Jf;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
ngUkhdhu; ngz; fy;tp gw;wpf; $wpa
fUj;Jf;fis typAWj;jp ngz;fs; fy;tp fw;gjpy;
tpNrl ftdk; fhl;l Ntz;Lnkd;Wk;
khztu;fspd; jdpj;jdp Mw;wiy ghlrhiyfs;
tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> khztiu
r%fj;jpy; ew;gpui[fshf tho topfhl;l Ntz;Lk;
vd;Wk;> mtu;fs; kdpj Neak; kpf;ftu;fshf kpspu
xt;nthU MrpupaUk; fy;tp epWtdKk; ghLgl
Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; typAWj;jpAs;shu;.
,dkj nkhopfSf;F mg;ghy; kdpj Neak;
cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> mJ vjpu;fhy
Rgpl;rkhd tho;Tf;F top tFf;Fk; vd;Wk;
mwpTiu gfd;Ws;shu;.
,tuJ mUikahd fUj;Jf;fis ekf;F
njhFj;J mspj;j kzpg;Gytu; kUJ}u; V.k[Pj;
mtu;fs; Nghw;Wjw;F cupatu;. ,sk; re;jjpapdu;
mikr;rupd; tpUg;gj;ij mwpa ,e;E}y; cjTk;.
62 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011

jpUkjp mu;r;rpfh Nwhypd;rd; Mfpa ehd; nfhOk;Gg; gy;fiyf;fof ,jopay; bg;gpNshkh fw;if
newpf;fhf Ma;T mwpf;if xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;s cs;Nsd;. Fwpg;ghf Qhdk; rQ;rpif gw;wpa Muk;g
,jo; njhlf;fk; 139tJ ,jo; tiu Ma;T nra;J mwpf;if ntspapl cs;sjhy; mt;tha;Tf;F jq;fs;
rQ;rpiffis je;JjTkhW kpfTk; jho;ikAld; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
-mur;rpfh> nts;stj;ij
Qhdk; rQ;rpif - rpWfijfs; gw;wpa vd;Dila Ma;T Kaw;rp njhlu;fpwJ. Ma;Tf;fhy vy;iy
FWfpaJ vd;w fhuzj;jhy; ehd;fhz;LfSf;Fupa Qhdk; ,jo;fNs vd; Ma;T %yq;fshf
mike;Js;sd. MdhYk; jq;fsplk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mj;jid ,jo;fSk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gbf;fj;
njtpl;lhj ,d;gk; gag;gdthAs;sd. jpUk;gTk; jq;fsplk; xg;gilj;jw;F rw;Wk; kdk; xg;gtpy;iy.
MapDk; jhq;fs; ngUkdq;nfhz;L vdf;F mj;jid rQ;rpiffisAk; je;jikia ed;wpNahL
epidf;fpd;Nwd;. vd; Ma;Tg;gzp epiwT ngw;wJk; ,d;Dk; xUrpy khjq;fspy; jq;fsplk;
xg;gilg;Ngd;
- tpj;jpah kNfe;jpud;> rhtfr;Nrup
“Qhdk;”-138tJ ,jopy; rNfhjuu; vk;.V.E/khd; mtu;fspd; “rpj;jpnyg;igapd; mrd;Ng rupj;jpuk;”
vDk; jiyg;gpyhdh Mf;fj;jpd; Kjw; gFjp> Ie;J gf;fq;fspy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jik thrfu;fSf;F ey;y
tpUe;jhFk;. ,t;thf;fj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; (5k; gf;fj;jpy; 19MtJ tupapy;) mugpgh\hTk; mtuJ FOtpdUk;
nkhj;jk; 54Ngu; 1983-[dtup 10Mk; jpfjp nfhOk;ig te;jile;jdu; vd;W gpuRukhfpapUe;jJ. ,J
jtwhFk;.
mugpgh\hTk; - mtuJ FOtpdUk; 1883-[dtup-10Mk; jpfjpNa nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;ij
te;jile;jdu; vd;gNj rupahd jftyhFk;. 1883 vd;w Mz;L 1983 vdg; gpuRukhfpapUe;jik> KOf;f
KOf;f mr;Rg; igrh\pd; jpUtpisahly;jhd; vd;gJ GupfpwJ. mjw;fhf gpioia Rl;bf; fhl;lhky;
tpl;lhy; mJ rhjhuz thrfid jpir jpUg;gp tpLNk vd;gjhNyNa ,k;kly; top czu;j;jj; Jzpe;Njd;.
mjdhy; xU gpio jpUj;jj;ij 139tJ ,jopy; gpuRupf;Fk;gb Ntz;LfpNwd;.
‘Qhdk;’-137MtJ (xf;Nlhgu; 2011) ,jopy; kjpg;gpw;Fupa fyhepjp JiukNdhfud; “cz;ikfs;
Gijaf; $lhJ” vDk; jiyg;gpy;> fle;j [_iy 8-9-10 Mfpa Kj;jpdq;fshy; jkpo;ehL> J}j;Jf;Fb
khtl;lk;> fhay;gl;bdj;jpy; rpwg;Gw ele;Njwpa 15MtJ ,];yhkpaj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa khehl;by;
ntspaplg;gl;l ‘Ma;Tkhiy’ vd;w Ma;TE}ypy; ,lk;ngw;w vd;wd; “jkpo;-,];yhkpaj; jkpohf
khWtnjg;Ngh?” vd;fpw Mf;fk; njhlu;gpy;> xU Fiwiaj; njhl;nlOjpAs;shu;. kfpo;r;rp fye;j ed;wpia
Kjw;fz; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
,];yhkpaj; jkpohf;f rpe;jid gw;wpa MW njhlu;fl;Liufis ‘tpbnts;sp’ thu ,jopy; (23 nrg;lk;gu;
2010 - 04 etk;gu; 2010) ehd; vOjp te;jNghJ> ‘Xirapy;yh Xirfs;’ vOg;gp tUk; rNfhjuu; khdh
kf;fPd; Nghd;w gyu;> “,J ,yf;fpa khehl;Lf;F rku;g;gpf;fj;jf;f ey;y rpe;jid” vdg; ghuhl;bj; je;j
cw;rhfj;jpy;> fhay;gl;bdj;J khehl;L kyUf;F - cyfshtp thOk; jkpo;g;NgRk; K];ypk;fSf;F xU
J}jhf - vOjp mDg;gpNdd;. gpd;du; vOj;Jg; gpujpia thrpj;j vd; neUq;fpa ez;gu;fspy; xUtu;>
fyhepjp JiukNdhfud; njhl;nlOjpa mNj jtiw Rl;bf; fhl;bdhu;. Mu;tk; kPJ}wg; gl;ljhy; Vw;gl;l>
epidT kaf;fj;jhy; cz;lhd jtNw jtpu> ,J jpl;lkpl;L nra;ag;gl;l kWg;Ngh - kiwg;Ngh my;y
vdf; $Wtjpy;> ve;jtpjkhd jaf;fKk; vdf;fpy;iy. ,d;\hmy;yh`; ,dp tUk; vd; vOj;J
Kaw;rpfspy; ‘cz;ik’ mofhf ntspr;r kplg;gLk; vd cWjp jUfpNwd;.
‘Qhdk;’-136Mk; ,jopy; rNfhjuu; ir.gPu;K`k;kJ vOjpapUe;j “ftp fh.K.n\uPg;gpd; “ghl;Lk; ehNd
ghtKk; ehNd” vd;Dk; fl;Liuia thrpj;J kfpo;e;Njd;.
gl;Lf;Nfhl;ilahUf;Fk; - fz;zjhrDf;Fk; rkkhfj; jpiu ,yf;fpaj;jpy; rhfh tuk; ngw;w ghly;fis
vOjpa ftp.fh.K.n\uPg; mtu;fisg; gw;wp “jpdfud;” thu kQ;rupapy; 2009,y; ,U Mf;fq;fis
Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011 63

vOjpapUe;Njd;. Kjw; fl;LiuapNyNa ‘jpUtpisahly;’ glj;jpy; “ghl;Lk; ehNd ghtKk; ehNd” vd;w
ghly; ufrpaj;ijAk;> mjd; rhjf - ghjf czu;TfisAk; ,yq;if thrfu;fSf;F Kjd; Kjypy; tpsf;fp
vOjpNdd;.
,uz;lhtJ fl;Liuapy;> rf;jp btp xspgug;gp tUk; “neQ;rk; kwg;gjpy;iy”> ahu; ahUf;Nfh nty;yhNkh
epidT jpdq;fis xJf;fp> tpN\l ehl;fisj; Nju;e;J (ne{k xU ghly; epfo;r;rp vd;w ,yf;fzj;ijAk;
kPwp> ghlyhrpupau; - ghlfu;f;fhd cupikia ebfu;fSf;Fk; toq;fp) mtu;fs; njhlu;ghd ghly;fis
xspgug;gp fz;zpaQ; nra;J tUfpd;wNj> jkpOf;fhfNt - jkpo; tsu;r;rpf;fhfNt jkpo;ehL-jkpou;
eyDf;fhfNt-Fwpg;ghfj; jkpo;j; jpiu ,yf;fpa ghly; tsu;r;rpf;fhf-jd;nfhs;ifia> vOj;ij>
Gyikia tpahghukhf;fj; njupahj ftpQu; fh.K.n\uPg; mtu;fSf;nfd mtu; gpwe;j - rpwe;j - ,we;j
ehl;fspy; xU ehisj; njupT nra;J> mtu; ,aw;wpa ghly;fis xspgug;gp - me;jj; jkpo;f; ftpQiu
nfsutg;gLj;jyhNk! vd;w fUj;ij Kd;itj;J vOjpapUe;Njd;. thrfu;fs; gyu; ,f;fUj;ij tuNtw;W
NeupYk; - njhiyNgrpapYk; Ngrpdu;. xU ntypfk vOj;jhsu; rpy fhyk; fopj;J> vd; fUj;ijj; njhl;L
kPz;Lk; typAWj;jp mNj jpdfudpy; ,d;ndhU Mf;fk; vOjpapUe;jhu;.
fle;j tUlk; (2010) [_iy khjkstpy; vdJ Ngj;jpapd; ‘rfy fyh Fl;B];’ epfo;r;rp xspg;gjpTf;nfd
rf;jp btp fiyafk; nry;Yk; tha;g;G vdf;F fpl;ba re;ju;g;gj;jpy; “neQ;rk; kwg;gjpy;iy” epfo;r;rp
nghWg;ghsUk; - vd;id ed;fwpe;j ez;gUkhd gpufh\; mtu;fisr; re;jpj;J> ftp.fh.K.n\uPg;
mtu;fSf;F xU tpNr\ jpdk; xJf;fp> mf;ftpQiu nfsutpf;Fkgb rpNdfG+u;tkhf Ntz;bf;
nfhz;Nld;.
“ftpQupd; epidTjpdk; (gpwg;G-rpwg;G-,wg;G) vJntd ruptuj; njupahJ vd;gjhy;> jdf;F cjTk;gb”
rNfhjuu; gpufh\; $wNt> “ftp.fh.K.n\uPg;gpd; ftpij E}iyj; jUfpNwd;. mjpy; ftpQupd; tho;T
epfo;r;rpfspd; gl;bay; ,Uf;fpwJ. mtu; vOjpa ghly;fspd; gl;bay; xd;iwAk; jUfpNwd;. Mtd
nra;Aq;fs;” vd;Nwd;.
mt;thNw “ftp fh.K.n\uPg; ftpijfs;” E}iyAk;> ghly; gl;baiyAk; rpy ehl;fspy; nghWg;ghsuplk;
ifaspj;Njd;. xU tUlKk; G+u;j;jpahfp tpl;lJ. rf;jp btp ,d;Dk; jhd; ftp fh.K.n\uPg;gpd; epidT
jpdj;ij xt;nthU jhshfg; Gul;b Njbf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. vd;Nd jkpo;g;gw;W?
xU Fwpg;gpl;l epfo;r;rp elj;Jk; nghWg;ghsu;> jhNd njupe;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd tp\aj;ij
epidTgLj;jpAk;> ftpij E}iy ifapy; je;Jk;> ghly; gl;baiy nfhLj;Jk; ,d;Dk; epidTehs;
xspgug;gg;gltpy;iy vd;why;> vd;d fhuzk;?
- v];. I. eh$u;fdp> nfhOk;G -12
rpwg;ghfg; gzpGupAk; “Qhdk;” Mrpupa gPlj;jpdUf;F md;ghd tzf;fq;fs;. 200 nrhw;fSf;Fs;
,uz;L columnists nehntk;gu; khj ,jopy; vOjpaik gw;wpa RUf;fkhd jfty;fs;: “Qhdk;”
,jo;fspy; ehd; tpUk;gpg; gbf;Fk; ,U “gj;jp vOj;jhsu;fs;” khdh kf;fPd;> Nf.tp[ad; MfpNahuhtu;.
,tu;fs; jkpo; eil tpj;jpahrkhditahfTk;> creative MfTk;> jfty; epuk;gpajhfTk;> nky;ypa
mq;fjKk;> eifr; RitAk; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,UgJNt fhuzk;.
khdh kf;fPd;> ghY kNfe;jpuh vd;W ,d;W miof;fg;gLk; Mf;f ,yf;fpag; gilg;ghsp kl;lf;fsg;G
nrd;.ikf;fy; fy;Y}upapy; 1947-48 fhyg; gFjpapy; vdJ kiwe;j rNfhjud; jpUf;FkhuDld; xNu
tFg;gpy; gbj;jtu;. mg;nghOJ mtUila ngau; B.M.Benedict (ghyehjd; kNfe;jpud; ngdbf;l;) gpd;du;
mtu; ghY kNfe;jpud; vd;Nw “NjdUtp” vd;w ,yf;fpa Vl;bd; Mrpupau; FOtpy; ,lk;ngw;whu;. “kNfd;”
vd;w Gidngaupy; me;j Vl;by; vd;idg; Ngl;b fz;lhu;. gpd;du; ,e;jpah nrd;wJk;. mq;F jkJ
ngaiur; RUf;fp ghY kNfe;jpuh Mdhu;.
,tUila je;ijahu; ghyehjd; kh];lu; Mq;fpy nkhopiar; rupahf cr;rupf;Fk; rpwg;ghd fzpj
Mrpupau; Mthu;. mtu;jhd; gpugy thndhyp ehlfhrpupau; M.S.ghY vd;W mwpe;J tpag;Gw;Nwd;. ghyehjd;>
,uj;jpdIah> khu;rypd; MfpNahu; jkf;fpilNa cwtpdu;.
tp[ad;> ePq;fs; tpgupj;j $l;lj;jpy; ehDk; Kjd;Kjypy; Nfs;tp Nfl;lijg; gjpT nra;jij kwe;J
tPl;Bu;fsh? gpujk Ngr;rhsu; nydpd; kjpthdk; jg;gpj; jtwpahFjy; ehd; vOjpa “ifyhrgjpAk; ehDk;”
vd;w Kd;Ndhb E}iyg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplj; jtwpaij mtjhdpf;f tpy;iyah?
,it Nghd;witjhd; vdf;F “Mjq;fj;ij” (gj;kh Nrhkfhe;jdpd; thu;j;ijapy;) jUfpd;wd.
“fs;s nksdk;”> “fz;L nfhs;shik” vd;w gjq;fSf;Ff; fhuzpaha; cs;sd.
NkYk; tpguq;fs; vOjj; jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghL jilaha; cs;sJ.
“vd; fld; gzpnra;J fplg;gNj” vd;gjdhy; njupe;Njh njupahkNyh ,Ul;lbg;Gr; nra;ifapy; ehd;
vd;idg; gw;wp tpsf;f Ntz;lhkh?
-Nf.v];.rptFkhud;
64 Phd« - fiy ïy¡»a rŠáif - or«g® 2011