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SIFUNGO<br />
Ngifunga ngiyagomela kutsi: Tangoma nemisebenti yato ekutfutfukiseni<br />
lulwimi IwesiSwati umsebenti wami futsi yonkhe imitfombo yelwati<br />
leseijentisiwe ivetiwe ngalokufanele nekutsi lolucwaningo alumange<br />
luniketwe lesinyesikhungo semfundvo lephakemengehloso yekutfola ticu.<br />
JM<br />
-ii-
KUBONGA<br />
Ngendlulisa emavi ekubonga kubacwaninginchanti. balolulwimi<br />
boDokotela P.M. Lubisi naDokotela J.J. Thwala labafane nesibani<br />
emphilweni yami ngesikhatsi ngenta lolucwaningo lolutsintsa tangoma<br />
nemisebenti yato ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />
Angibonge tangoma tesive letingemashumi lamatsatfu letingemukele<br />
ngalokuphelele etikhungweni tato laphotisebentela khona kutsi ngente<br />
lolucwaningo. Ngemukeleke ngaba ngulesinye sangoma nornl,<br />
ngachubeka neluhlolomibuto (interview) ngendlela lekhululekile.<br />
Kuphawula nje tangoma letimbalwa lengifike kuto ngativa ngisekhaya<br />
nguleti letilandzelako: Hlambile - uMgwaja welifusi! Masimini - Tandla<br />
tihlanjiwe! Sikhupheni - uMcansa longacanseki! Ntsabeni - Mats'enyoka!<br />
Khuphukile -Lidvwala laphakadze!<br />
Angibongeumndeniwami LaNdlovu nkhosikati wami nebantfwana bami<br />
Sizwe.Nhlonipho. Hlengiwe. Thando naThandeka labangisite ngetindlela<br />
letinyenti kutsi lomsebenti ube yimphumelelo. Angingabati kusho kutsi<br />
babesisekelo semphumelelo yalomsebenti lebewuhlanganiswa imini<br />
nebusuku.<br />
Ngibonga Simakadze longinikete emandla ekwenta lolucwaningo<br />
ngincamula imifula nemifudlana. tintsaba netintsatjana. emawa<br />
nemawana.<br />
NIME NJALO BEKUNENEI<br />
-tii-
SIFINYETO<br />
Lomsebenti ucwaninga ngekubaluleka kwetangoma nemisebenti yato<br />
ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati. Kulapho kuvela khona kutsi buyini<br />
bungoma tutsi bubaluleke ngani emphilweni yesive ngekwemisebenti<br />
nangekwelulwimi.<br />
Sehlukosekucala setfula tinhloso telucwaningo, indzima noma umkhawulo<br />
welucwaningo, tindlela tekucwaninga letiluhlolomibuto (interview)<br />
nekufundvwa kwetincwadzi. Imigudvu yelucwaningo i1andzela indlela<br />
yemisebenti (Functional approach) nendlela yeluchumano<br />
(Communicative approach). Kulapho kuchazwe khona lokushiwo<br />
ngemagama lasisekelo salolucwaningo latana nalawa: sangoma,<br />
inyanga, lldloti, lugedla, kutfwasa/litfwasa nendumba.<br />
5ehluko sesibili siniketa inchazelongalokuphatselene netangoma kusukela<br />
ekutfwaseni, timphawu tekutfwasa, kubhoboka kwelidloti, tinhlola,<br />
sangoma nebuhlobo, sangoma nemabitongco kanye nemabitomuntfu,<br />
sangoma naleminye imikhakha yemphilo, sangoma netinanatelo,<br />
sangoma nesitsembu, umtsakatsi, umtembi, sangoma nenhlonipho.<br />
Sehluko sesitsatfu setfula tingcikitsi letehlukene tetingoma tetangoma<br />
letihlelwe ngalendlela:<br />
A. Kufundzisa, kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi.<br />
B. Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo.<br />
-iv-
C. Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano.<br />
D. lnkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo.<br />
E. Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo.<br />
Emasu ekwakheka kwetingoma letehlukene acwaningiwe.<br />
Sehluko sesine sicwaninga ngetangoma, tihlahla netifo. Kubukwe imitsi<br />
leyakhiwe ngetilwane tasendle, ngetilwane tasekhaya, tinyoni netimila<br />
letehlukene. Lapha kutsintfwenetinhlobotetifo letimbalwa letelaphekako<br />
nembulalave loseseyinkinga lenkhulu kubelaphi.<br />
Sehluko sesihlanu siligcogca Iwalokucwaningiwe. Kulapho kuniketwe<br />
tincomo ngekubuka kuhleleka kwelucwaningo, tingoma nelulwimL imitsi<br />
nelulwimi kanye netifo nelulwimi.<br />
-v-
SEHlUKO 1<br />
lOKUCUKETFWE<br />
1.0 SETFULO SELUCWANINGO 01<br />
1.1 Singeniso 01<br />
1.2 TlNHLOSO TELUCWANINGO 01<br />
1.3 INDZlMA YELUCWANINGO 02<br />
1.4 T1NDLELA TEKUCWANINGA 03<br />
1.4.1 Luhlolomibuto 03<br />
1.4.2 Kufundvwa kwetincwadzi 03<br />
1.5 IMIGUDVU YELUCWANINGO 03<br />
1.5.1 Indlela yemisebenti 04<br />
1.5.2 Indlela yeluchumano 06<br />
1.6 KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA 07<br />
1.6.1 Sangoma 07<br />
1.6.2 Inyanga 10<br />
1.6.3 Udloti 11<br />
1.6.4 Kutfwasa 12<br />
1.6.5 Lugedla 13<br />
1.6.6 Indumba 14<br />
1.6.7 Tinhlola 14<br />
1.7 SIPHETFO 15<br />
-vl-
SEHLUKO 2<br />
2.0 LOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA 17<br />
2.1 SINGENISO 17<br />
2.2 EMABALENGWE NGETEBUNGOMA 18<br />
2.3 KUTFWASA KWETANGOMA 20<br />
2.4 T1MPHAWU TEKUTFWASA 22<br />
2.5 IMVUNULO YESANGOMA 27<br />
2.6 KUBALULEKA KWETlNHLOLA 28<br />
2.7 IMIMOYA YEBUNGOMA 29<br />
2.8 SANGOMA NEBUHLOBO 31<br />
2.9 SANGOMA NEMABITONGCO 32<br />
2.10 SANGOMA NEMABITOMUNTFU 32<br />
2.11 SANGOMA NALEMINYE IMIKHAKHA 34<br />
2.12 SANGOMA NETINANATELO 35<br />
2.13 SANGOMA NESITSEMBU 42<br />
2.14 UMTSAKATSI 46<br />
2.15 UMFEMBI 51<br />
2.16 SANGOMA NENHLONIPHO 52<br />
2.16.1 Luhla Iwemagama enhlonipho 52<br />
2.16.2 Tikhatsi tenhlonipho 54<br />
2.16.3 Kusetjentiswa kwemagama enhlonipho 65<br />
2.17 SIPHETFO 65<br />
-vii-
SEHLUKO 3<br />
3.0 TINGCIKITSI TETlNGOMA NEBUNKONDLO BATO 67<br />
3.1 SINGENISO 67<br />
3.2 KUGIDZA KWETANGOMA 68<br />
3.3 IMIBIKO ETINGOMENI 69<br />
3.4 LUHLA LWETINGOMA NGEKWETlNGCIKITSI TATO 71<br />
3.4.1 Kufundzisa, kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi 71<br />
3.4.2 Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo 73<br />
3.4.3 Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano 74<br />
3.4.4 lnkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo 76<br />
3.4.5 Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo 77<br />
3.5 EMASU EKWAKHEKA KWETINGOMA 79<br />
3.5.1 Kuhleleka kwemigca 79<br />
3.5.2 Timvumelwano 81<br />
3.5.3 Luchumano 85<br />
3.5.4 Imphindvwa 89<br />
3.6 SIPHETFO 94<br />
-viii-
SEHLUK04<br />
4.0 TANGOMA, T1HLAHLA/IMITSI NETIFO 95<br />
4.1 SINGENISO 95<br />
4.2 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASENDLE 97<br />
4.2.1 Bhejane 97<br />
4.2.2 Ubhubesi<br />
4.2.3Ingwe<br />
4.2.4 Imphisi 101<br />
4.2.5 Ingwenya<br />
4.2.6 Imfene<br />
4.2.7 Inkonkoni<br />
4.2.8 Imvubu<br />
99<br />
100<br />
102<br />
103<br />
104<br />
105<br />
4.2.9 Imitsi ngetinyoka 106<br />
4.3 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASEKHAVA 109<br />
4.3.1 Inkhukhu 110<br />
4.3.2 Imbuti<br />
4.3.3Imvu<br />
4.3.4 Inkhomo 111<br />
4.4 T1NVONI 113<br />
110<br />
4.4.1 Inshe 114<br />
4.4.2 Sahhukulu<br />
4.4.3 Usoti<br />
4.4.4 Lohheya<br />
4.4.5 Umvemve<br />
111<br />
114<br />
116<br />
116<br />
119<br />
4.4.6 Ululwane 120<br />
4.4.7 Um1jivovo 120<br />
4.4.8 Dvoye 121<br />
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4.4.9 Ingudvudvu 122<br />
4.4.10 Inhlava 123<br />
4.4.11 Uvukutfu 123<br />
4.5 TlMILA 124<br />
4.5.1 Umsenge 125<br />
4.5.2 Inhlitiyonkhulu 125<br />
4.5.3 Inhlaba 126<br />
4.5.4 Urnzane 126<br />
4.5.5 Umlahlankhosi 127<br />
4.5.6 Indlulamifsi 128<br />
4.5.7 Umtfolo 128<br />
4.5.8 Umbangandlala 129<br />
4.5.9 Imphepho 129<br />
4.5.10 Umlulama 130<br />
4.5.11 Umganu 130<br />
4.6 T1NDZAWO NEMIFULA 131<br />
4.7 T1BONGO 133<br />
4.8 KUNOTSA KWELULWIMI 133<br />
4.9 TANGOMA NETIFO : EMABITOGCOGCA 135<br />
4.10 TlNHLOBO TETlFO 137<br />
4.10.1 Emafufunyane 137<br />
4.10.2 Sidliso 138<br />
4.10.3 Inyongo lenyenti 139<br />
4.10.4 Ematfumba 141<br />
4.10.5 Umkhuhlane 142<br />
4.10.6 TIbhobo 142<br />
4.10.7 Luhudvo 143<br />
-x-
4.10.8 Malaleveva 144<br />
4.10.9 Umbulalave 146<br />
4.10.10 Sitfutfwane 148<br />
4.10.11 Lukhwekhwe 149<br />
4.10.12 Siphetfo 150<br />
SEHLUKO 5<br />
5.0 SIPHETFO NETINCOMO 152<br />
5.2 SIPHETFO NGALOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA 152<br />
5.3 SIPHETFO NGETINGOMA TETANGOMA 153<br />
5.4 SIPHETFO NGETIHLAHLA NETIFO 154<br />
5.5 T1NCOMO NGEMIPHUMELA YELUCWANINGO 157<br />
6. IMITFOMBO<br />
-xl-<br />
159
1.0 SETFULO SEWCWANINGO<br />
1.1 Singeniso<br />
SEHlUKO 1<br />
Lapha sitawuhlatiya ngentfutfuko yelulwimi IwesiSwati leletfwe tangoma<br />
nemisebenti yoto. Bungoma ngumsebenti wendzabuko lobalulekile esiveni<br />
kutemisimeto (anthropology), isayensi-Iulwimi (linguistics), kutemibhalo<br />
(literature), temlandvo (history) netenchubosive (cultural studies).<br />
Akekho lowati umlandvo webungoma kutsi wacala nini, kuphl njani,<br />
kwentenjani, kepha lesikwatiko kutsi bungoma budzala njengaso sive. Bacala<br />
kadzeni kuvela bugcame esintfwini. Kutsiwa bacala kadzeni live Iisakhile,<br />
kusakhonjwa ngalosekhatsi. Lesikwatiko kutsi ngesikhatsisaMatalatala tangoma<br />
tase tikhona. Besekwatiwa kutsi kunebaboni, bacambi bemanqa. tanusi.<br />
babhuli, baphenquli. bahlahlubi, bashayimatsambo noma batfwasi.<br />
Lulwimi IwesiSwati lunotsile ngemagama layamele etangomeni, lake kuvela<br />
emikhakheni yetilwimi leyehlukene lekutawucwaningwa ngayo etehlukweni<br />
letilandzelako. Lokuvela kugcame emicondvweni yetfu kutsi naseBhayibhelini<br />
lefiNgcwele kuyakhulunywa ngebaboni labehlukene nemimoya leyehlukene.<br />
Kulolucwaningo-ke asinakwehlulela bantfu ngekutsi sibuke bungcwele neboni,<br />
bubi nebuhle, bukhulu nebuncane; kepha sitawubuka bungoma nemisebenti<br />
yabo ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi.<br />
1.2 T1NHLOSO TELUCWANINGO<br />
Tinhloso talolucwaningo tigcamisa emaphuzu labalulekile lalandzelako:<br />
1
• Kutfutfukiswa kwelulwimi lwesiSwatitangoma nemisebenti yato;<br />
• Kwati kabanti ngebudlelwano ekhatsi kwelulwimi nemisebenti<br />
yetangoma;<br />
• Kwati ngalokujulile kutsl siyini sangoma futsl sibaluleke kangakananl<br />
emphilweni yalabo labakholelwa ekuse1jentiswenl kwetihlahla;<br />
• Kulumbanisa isayensl-Iulwiml nemisimeto yesive;<br />
• Kukhombisakutsl kunemagama lamanyenti elulwlrnlnl IwesiSwatilakhona<br />
ngenca yebukhona betangoma. Tibonelo: tinhlola, indumba,<br />
ematfwasana, slkhupho, umkhaya, nalamanye lamanyenti;<br />
• Kuslbonisa kutsi imltsi ayizange Idalelwe kuhloblsa live, kuletsa Imitfunti<br />
nekuba ngemakhaya etilwane kuphelo, kepha yenta naleminye<br />
imisebenti yekusebenta njengemakhambi ekwelapha tifo letehlukene;<br />
kanye<br />
• Nekuchumanisa kwendzabukolekuvetaImvelaphiyesivenekwalamuhla<br />
lokucuketse imphucuko nebuchwepheshe, nekwakusasa<br />
lokuyawugcamisa intfutfuko, buciko nenjulalwati.<br />
1.3 INDZlMA YEWCWANINGO<br />
Lapha kutawubukwa lokwentiwatangoma lokulandzelako: tingoma, imitsi, tifo<br />
letitelaphako nalokunye lokuphatselene nato. Tangoma letisetifundzeni<br />
taseMpumalanga letilandzelako: eHlanzeni, eNkhangala naseMsukaligwa<br />
lengaphas/ kweGert Sibande ngito letivakashelwe taniketa im/bono yato<br />
ngekubaluleka nekusebenta kwetangoma.<br />
2
Lucwaningo ngetangoma luye luphelele uma kubukwe kuhlobana kwato<br />
naleminye imikhakha yebelaphi: tinyanga, bofernbl, tingedla nalabanye<br />
labelapha ngetihlahla.<br />
1.4 TINDLELA TEKUCWANINGA<br />
Lapha kutawusetjentiswa tindlela letimbili letetayelekile tekucwaninga:<br />
luhlolomibuto (interview) nekufundvwa kwetincwadzi.<br />
1.4.1 Luhlolomibuto<br />
Lapha kutawubutwa tangoma letingemashumi lamatsatfu ngenhloso<br />
yekutsi kutfolakale Iwati lolufanele. Imibuto itawucondzaniswa<br />
nemisebenti yetangoma letsintsakwelapha tifo, kwetfwasa, kuhlabelela<br />
nekusebenta kwemitsi. Inhloso yalendlela kutawube kukutfola<br />
Iwatisisekelo (primary knowledge).<br />
1.4.2 Kufundvwa kwetincwadzi<br />
Kuncane kakhulu lokubhalwe phasi ngetangoma. Nako loku lokukhona<br />
ngulokwehlulelako kutsi kulandze ngabomoya lobobl kunekutsi kubuke<br />
bungoma njengentfo lenemlandvo, leyentekako futsi leyemukelekile<br />
esiveni. Lapha sitawutfola Iwatisitsasiselo (secondary knowledge)<br />
ngemisebenti yetangoma.<br />
1.5 IMIGUDW YELUCWANINGO<br />
Imigudvu yelucwaningo lengumgogodla walolucwaningo indle/a yemsebenti<br />
(functional approach), nendlela yeluchumano (communicative approach).<br />
Letindlela letimbili tigcizelela kufundziswa kwelulwimi lokutsintsa imikhakha<br />
3
yemphilo leyehlukene. Letindlela tiyasekelana, telekane, tihlangane tiye<br />
tibambisane. Ugama, umusho, sihloko, sicephu nako konkhe lokunye<br />
lokuyincenyekubukwa kanyekanyenalokunye, hhayi kodvwa. Bunye bubukwa<br />
ngeliso lebunyenti. Incenye ibukwa ngeliso lalokuphelele.<br />
1.5.1 Indlelayemisebenti<br />
Indlela yemisebenti ichazwa nguSotilwimi waseBrithani J.R. Firth<br />
ngekubuka lulwimi njengemhlanganisi nemkhutsati wenhlaliswano.<br />
Michael Halliday (1973) vena uphawula ngemisebenti lesikhombisa<br />
yelulwimi ku Brown (1987:203) kanje:<br />
(a) Umsebenfi-msiti (Instrumental function) uyasita ekuntjintjeni simo<br />
nekwenta tintfo noma tigameko tenteke kanye nekuletsa simo<br />
lesitsite.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Sangoma sibhulela endumbeni.<br />
Waniketwa imitsi wayinatsa waphila.<br />
Lenkantolo ikutfole unelicala.<br />
(b) Umsebenti-Iuhlelo (regulatory function) uhlela tigameko<br />
telulwimi. Cishe uyefana nemsebenti-msiti. kepha lapha<br />
kutsintfwa kuhleleka kwemphatfo, kwemitsetfo netimiso<br />
njengetimphawu telulwlmi.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Ngikutfola unelicala ngikugweba iminyaka lemine (umsebenti<br />
msitJ). Uma utiphetse kahle inkantolo itawukukhulula ngelishumi<br />
letinyanga (umsebenti-Iuhlelo).<br />
4
Sito lesikuphetse sitawukwelashwa umnyaka wonkhe (umsebenti<br />
msiti). Uma usebentisa imitsi kahle utawusindza ngetinyanga<br />
letimbili (umsebenti·luhlelo).<br />
(c) Umsebenti-simeli (representational function) wenta titatimende<br />
letendlulisa emaphuzu nelwati ngenhloso yekuchaza nekumela<br />
Iiciniso Iinjengobe Iinjalo.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Ulanga Iiyashisa.<br />
Sangoma siyabhula.<br />
Busika buyabandza.<br />
(d) Umsebenti-Iuchumano (interactional function) ugcinainhlaliswano<br />
nebunye ngekucocisana. Kucocisana kwebantfu kudzinga Iwati<br />
Iwetinhlobo tekukhuluma letitsintsa tinganekwane, emasiko,<br />
kuteketisana, inhlaliswano-Iulwimi (sociolinguistics), inkhulumosimo<br />
(illocutionary competence) luhlelobuciko (grammar),<br />
umculubuciko (textual) nalokunye. Lona ngumkhakha lovulekile<br />
futsi lotsintsa tintfo letinyenti kakhulu.<br />
(e) Umsebenti-buyena (personal function) uvumela sikhulumi sivete<br />
imiva, timoluvelo nebungiso. Imphilo yemuntfu ibukwa<br />
emikhakheni yemphilo yonkhe.<br />
(f) Umsebenti-Iucwaningo (heuristic function) ugcamisa lulwimi<br />
loluse1jentiswako kutfola lwati nekufundza ngemvelo. Lapha<br />
lucwaningo loluphetse imibuto leholela etimphendvulweni.<br />
Kugcama imibuto letana nalena: Yini ndzaba? Kuphi? Nini?<br />
Bani?<br />
5
(g) Umsebenti-mfanekiso (imaginative function) usebentisa<br />
titfombemagamanelulwimi Iwebunkondlokuyo yonkhe inkhulumo.<br />
Kugcama kunotsa kwelulwimi IwesiSwati ngekutsi lutsintse tinongo<br />
tenkhulumo ngendlela lejulile.<br />
Imisebenti lesikhombisa yaHaliiday Igcogcela ndzawonye konkhe<br />
lokucuketfwe yindlela yemisebenti. Lokumele slkucaphele kutsi<br />
kuyenteka umusho munye utsintse imisebenti lemlbili, lemitsatfu<br />
noma ngetulu. Yonkhe imisebenti lebalwe ngenhla itsintsa<br />
sangoma, umsebenti waso noma kubaluleka kwaso nelulwimi.<br />
Indlela yemisebenti ibuka ligamanebudlelwano balo nalamanye;<br />
ibuke umusho nekuhambelana kwawo naleminye; kubukwe<br />
sigaba nebudlelwano base naletinye.<br />
1.5.2 Indlela yeluchumano<br />
Lena yindlela lebanti futsi letsintsa imikhakha leminyenti yekufundziswa<br />
kwelulwimi. Lendlela iseijentiswa ngulabo labenta:<br />
• lulwimi lekufundziswa ngalo tifundvo esikolweni; kanye<br />
• nelulwimi Iwasekhaya noma Iwelubele.<br />
Lendlela itsintsa buciko lobutsite lobuhambisana nalolucwaningo.<br />
Ngaphansi kwenhlaliswano-Iulwimisitfololasimophimbo(register), lulwimi<br />
sigodzi (dialect), tinkhombamasiko (cultural references) netinongo<br />
tenkhulumo (figure of speech). Ngaphasi kwebuclko benkhulumosimo<br />
Qllocutionary competence) sitfola imisebenti lelandzelako: umsebenti<br />
mcondvo Qdeational), umsebenti-tandla (manipulative), umsebenti<br />
lucwaningo (heuristic) nemsebenti-mifanekiso Qmaginative).<br />
6
Lokuphawulwe ngako ngenhla kusiniketa lomfanekiso:<br />
Inhlaliswano-Iulwimi Inkhulumosimo<br />
linkhorri:>arrBsiko<br />
Sirrophirrbo<br />
Lulwini-sigcxlzi<br />
linongo tenkhulurro<br />
linkhombamasiko<br />
Simophimbo<br />
Lulwimi-sigodzi<br />
Tinonqo tenkhulumo<br />
Kuyahambelana futsikuchumene konkhe loku lokubalwengenhla, kepha<br />
kwehlukene ngendlela lekufundziswa ngayo. Tinongo tenkhulumo,<br />
umsebenti-mifanekiso nenkhombamasiko kuyahambelana futsi kucishe<br />
kufundzise lulwimi ngendlela yinye: kuchumana lokutsintsa lokhulumako<br />
nalolalele. kusebenta kwemifanekisomicondvo noma lulwimi<br />
ngalokujulile.<br />
1.6 . KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA<br />
Kubalulekile kutsi sibe nenchazelongco (operational definition) yemagama<br />
lasisekelo salolucwaningo lalandzelako: sangoma, inyanga, Iidloti. kutfwasa.<br />
lugedla nendumba. Lawamagama atewutfolakala kuto tonkhe tehluko avele<br />
ngetindlela letehlukene. Kumele atiwe ngobe asendlalelo nesisekelo<br />
salolucwaningo lolutsintsa indzima yesangoma ekutfutfukisweni kwelulwimi<br />
IwesiSwati.<br />
1.6.1 Sangoma<br />
Sangoma ngumuntfu lowangenwa ngemadloti okubo. Ngumuntfu<br />
lonesiphiwo sekubona lokutawukwenteka nalokwenteka kadzeni.<br />
Ngumuntfu lonesiphiwosekwelapha noma kunyanga. Sangom a luhlobo<br />
lolutsite Iwenyanga lolugcama ngekutfwasa kunaletinye tinhlobo<br />
tetinyanga. Lokubalulekile nalokugcamilengesangomakutsi ngumuntfu:<br />
7
• lomdvuna noma lomsikati lotfwasile;<br />
• lowati imitsi yekwelapha ngobe ayifundziswe ngemadloti akubo;<br />
• lophiwe Iiphimbo lekuhlabelela tingoma tebungoma, emandla<br />
nesiphiwo sekugidza;<br />
• lokwati kubhula abonelokwenteka kadzeni nalokutawukwenteka;<br />
kanye<br />
• nalophila imphilo leyesekelwe Imigomo nenchubo yebungoma.<br />
Uma sangoma sibingelela slguca ngemadvolo sishaye tandla noma<br />
kuvuswe lidloti, kushaywe ingomane kugidvwe.<br />
Sangoma ngumuntfu loyinyanga lowati umutsi ngekusebentisa emandla<br />
langabonwaalabaphasi. Ngumuntfu loshayaematsamboacwaningisise<br />
kahle sifo lesiphetse siguli, inkinga lephetse kabi umuntfu kanye<br />
. nesisombululo sayo. Ugama lelitsi inyanga liwacuketse onkhe lawa<br />
lalandzelako:<br />
.r::«.<br />
ISangoma I ILugedla I I Umfembi I IGobela I<br />
Songomayinyanga letfwasile lelawulwa ngemadloti.<br />
Lugedla yinyanga lengaketfwasi lelawulwa imiva yayo.<br />
Umfembi yinyanga/sangoma lesitfwasile lesilawulwa imimoya yebantfu<br />
lababulawa kadzeni.<br />
Gobelayinyanga/sangoma lesitfwasisako.<br />
Krige (1950:299) usiniketa inchazelo ngesangoma ngekutsi atsi:<br />
8
The term isanusi(sanusi) denoted thatsuch a man isable to<br />
smell out or unravel things, while that of isangoma<br />
(sangoma) is derived from the fact that when about to<br />
becomedoctors, theywanderaboutthemountainsandlive<br />
on roots.<br />
Sangoma asiwutsandzi umsindvo lowentiwa ngulomunye umuntfu,<br />
ngaphandle kwemsindvo waso lowentiwa ngemadloti. Kungumkhuba<br />
wabo bungoma kungachebuli kumuntfu kungakabhulwa noma<br />
angakalutfoli lusito lete ngalo.<br />
Krige(1950:298) uphawulangebunyanganomasatimitsi (herbalist) kanjei:<br />
The profession of herbalist is hereditary, the secrets of the<br />
medicines used being handed down from father to son or<br />
even, sometimes, to a daughter.<br />
Sangoma siye sibhulele umuntfu simtjele ngemphilo yakhe emtimbeni<br />
sichaze ngebunjalo besimo benhloko, emehlo, tindlebe, lukholo.<br />
umtimba, inhlitiyo,ematsambo, tinyawo, emadvolo, sinye,tinso naletinye<br />
titfo temtimbaletibuhlungu. Siyesitsintse ngemphilo yebelusendvo nekufa<br />
lokungenile ekhaya lekumele kwelashwe noma kuvalwe. Sangoma<br />
asiligaguli ligamalemtsakatsi ngobeasisuye umcabanisi, ngaphandle-ke<br />
uma kucelwe umkhaya noma kushayelwa umhlahlo. Loko kwenteka<br />
ngemvumo yendvuna yesigodzi, kubakhona tikhulu nalabo labanukene<br />
ngekutsakatsa noma kuntjontjelana. Kugagula emagama ebatsakatsi<br />
noma tintjontji kwentiwa tinyanga letibufundzele bunyanga, hhayi<br />
ematfwasane.<br />
Umuntfu losangomakuba ngumuntfu lotinikelako, losebenta ngemandla,<br />
lonemdlandla futsi longafuni kwehlulwa yintfo. Uma intfo imehlula<br />
9
angamaneamemeliIima ielitawubuya kwelekelelwaneekwelaphenisito<br />
noma ekulweni nabomoya lababi lekuliwa nabo. Sangoma kuba<br />
sangoma sibili ngemicondvo leminyenti. Sangama umuntfu<br />
lokhwishitelako nakenta intfo ngenhloso yekusita ummango etinkingeni<br />
lewusuke ubukene nato.<br />
Uma umuntfu afike esangomeni watfola lusito ngekutsi aniketwe<br />
emakhatsakhatsa latsite lekumeleahambenawoayewuwasebentisauye<br />
awatsatse ahambe angavaielisi. Inkholelo lekhona kutsi kuvalelisa<br />
kuyawaphuphisa angabe asasebenta.<br />
1.6.2 Inyanga<br />
Inyanga ngumuntfu lofundza umutsi wekwelapha tifo tebantfu bese<br />
. uyayisebentisa. Inyanga yelapha ngemitsi lembiwa phcsl lecetjulwa<br />
etihlahleni, legaywako, lebhlcwoko. lebhenywako, lecatsekako,<br />
lechashwako nalehlantisako.<br />
Bunyanga buyafundzelwa. Bufundzelwa etikolweni letitsite noma<br />
kubantfu labatinyanga ngekwabo. Umsebenti wenyanga kwelapha tifo<br />
letehlukene letifana nelukhwekhwe, umkhuhlane, sitfutfwane,<br />
ematfumba, sifuba semoya naletinye letinyenti.<br />
Inyanga ayigclnl ngekwelapha bantfu kuphela, kepha iyasita<br />
ngekubetsela imiti nekwelapha emasimu langenaso sivuno lesihle.<br />
Lokwenttwa yinyanga kubonckoto lapha:<br />
10
1.6.3 Udloti<br />
Inyanga<br />
• timbuti<br />
timvu<br />
tinkhomo<br />
emahhashi<br />
bantfu<br />
emasimu<br />
Umsebenti webunyanga ufuna kutinikela. kutimisela nebucotfo. Inyanga<br />
sibili ibonakala ngaletimphawu letilandzelako:<br />
• kunakekela bantfu labagulako;<br />
• kukhutsoto nekutimisela ekwenteni umsebenti webunyanga;<br />
• ihlala ihlantekile njalo nendzawo leyisebentela kuvo iyaheha;<br />
• kungatigcabhi nekungahabisi ngesifo leyingekeikhone kuselapha;<br />
• kungakhohlisi bantfu ngenhloso yekutsi itsandvwe; kantsi futsi<br />
• iyabeketela. idvudvute. ifundzise. ikhutsate labo labafuna lusito.<br />
Udloti ngumoya longena emuntfwini lekumele atfwase. Uma umuntfu<br />
kufanele kutsi atfwase ngobe kubonakele timphawu letitsite tekugula.<br />
kuye kutsiwe ungenwe lidloli.<br />
Udloti ngumoya wemuntfu losalala. lowuye ubuye ungene kulophilako<br />
ngenhloso yekutsi loyo lophilako achubeke nemisebenti yekwelapha<br />
leyabe yentiwa nguloyo longasekho. Ngiko nje baye batsi kuvusa<br />
sikhwama sa/oyo longasekho.<br />
Lubisi 1 (2003) uveta kutsi kunemehluko lomkhulu emkhatsini kwelidloti<br />
lokungumoya longena emntfwini lotfwasako kanye nelidloti lekulitfongo<br />
1 Kucociswana naDokoteia PMLubisi rnayelana nenkholo yesintfu.<br />
11
nobe tinyanya. Utsi 1010 kungena lotfwasako kungena ngenhloso<br />
yekuchuba umsebenti nobengekusita Iowa logulako kutsielaphe bantfu<br />
kantsi tinyanya noma labadzala kushiwo bonkhe lasebahamba<br />
emhlabeni labalusendvo lalelo khaya. Ngibo kanye laba<br />
labaphahlwako. Kepha nangabe umuntfu washona atiphatsa kabi<br />
ubalidloti lelibi. Phela labaphansi ngibokanyengekushokwaLubisi(2002)<br />
labachumanisa labaphllako neMvelinchanti. Ngulapho inkholo yesintfu<br />
lIele khono, hhayi tikwemimoya lengena umuntfu lotfwasako. Kungako<br />
nakuphahlwa kubitwa bonkhe lalabaphansi kuye ngekutalana kwabo<br />
njenganakunanatelwa.<br />
Lamanye emagama lasho emadloti ngulawa: tinyanya, labo/ele,<br />
labophasi, ematfongo, labadzala nalamanye lamanyenti. Emadloti<br />
atibonakalisa ngetindlela letiinyenti. Lamanye atibonakalisa ngetinyoka<br />
. letiyetibonakaleetibayeni nomaetihlahleni emakhaya. Kulesinyesikhatsi<br />
iye ibonakale inyoka emsamo kungatiwa kutsi ingene kanjani. Leto<br />
tinhlobo tetinyoka lekukholelwa kutsi ngemadloti emiti. Loluhlobo<br />
Iwetinyoka alubulawa ngobe Iwenta umsebenti lomkhulu<br />
nalobabatekako ekhaya.<br />
1.6.4 Kuttwaso<br />
Kutfwasa kungenwa yimimoya yemad/on. Sangoma kuye kubesangoma<br />
lesiphelele ngemuva kwekutfwasa sendlule kuwo onkhe emabanga<br />
lataneie. Songoma luhlobo Iwenyanga letfwasile, kantsi lugedla luhlobo<br />
Iwenyanga lolufundze imitsi kuphela. Sangoma sitfwasiswa ngugobela,<br />
lovelesingamfanisa nemholinemphatsi litikolekutfwasisa. Labo labasuke<br />
basetikweni batfwasa batiwa ngekutsi ngematfwasa.<br />
12
Tikhundla tekutfwasa tihamba kanje:<br />
Utfwasana<br />
Tinyanga Sangoma<br />
Gobela<br />
Utfwasa sangomana noma yimfundzamakhwela yesangoma. Usuke<br />
Iisesetikweni lekufundza lelatiwa ngekutsi kusesikhupheni. Lapho<br />
Iitfwasana selidle intfwaso, Iiphendvuka Iibe sangoma lesigeama<br />
ngemisebenti yebungoma. Uma sesidvonse iminyaka leminyenti<br />
ebungomeni siye sendlulele ebangeni lekutfwasisa satiwe ngekutsi<br />
ngugobela. Kutfwasa yintfo letsatsa tinyanganyanga ngobe akusuwo<br />
umsebenti lolulo,<br />
Umuntfu lotfwasako usuke asalashwe tinyanga letinyenti kepha<br />
tangaphumeleli. Gobela utfwasisa Iitfwasa ngekutsi asebentise imitsi<br />
leminyenti yekutfwasisa, ahlantiswe etikhatsini tasekuseni nasebusuku,<br />
ahlantiselwe etimphambanandlela, emaweni, amabhudlweni<br />
naselwandle imbala nakwenteka. Umutsi lomkhulu loehumanisa<br />
labaphilakonalabangaphili nomawekuhlanganisa emadloti yimphepho,<br />
lekumutsi lokhona naseBhayibhelini.<br />
1.6.5 Lugedla<br />
Lugedla ngumuntfu lofundze imitsi yekwelapha. Ngumuntfu<br />
longakatfwasi. Lugedla fuye luyati imitsi kakhulu; ngiko nje letinye<br />
tingedla tigeina titsakatsa.<br />
Lugedla ngumuntfu lotimele longalawulwa lidloti, ngiko nje ugcina<br />
13
The bone-divinerhas a bag or string ofvarious bones ofwild<br />
animals, chieflyastragalus bones, tendons/orpiecesofhoot<br />
sometimes lion's claw, mussels or cowry shells, and perhaps<br />
a rootortwo as well .... Each bonehas its ownpraise-name<br />
and some bones have more than one.<br />
Kutsi uma kunenkinga ekhaya labadzala batsi akuyewubufwa<br />
kulababhulako. Savebaphume kulelokhaya bababili noma babanyenti<br />
bayokuva esangomeni ngaloku lokubahluphako ekhaya. Kubuyekutsiwe<br />
beyewukhulekela ematsambo.<br />
Tingubo tesangoma letifana nemahiya, emafahlawane, buhlalu<br />
netingomane noma ematjomane kuhlala endumbeni. Kasenene<br />
(1993:49) uchaza ematjomane kanje:<br />
1.7 SIPHETFO<br />
The sacred drums are used during religious rituals, especially<br />
during divination, to invoke thepowerofthe ancestors. They<br />
are also used to sendmessages andare attimes referred to<br />
as 'talking drums.<br />
Uma sikhuluma ngetangomakugcamaemagama latananalawa: sirnbo, sikhali<br />
sekumba umutsi. Tintsaba, emawa, tikhotsa emadlelweni. emagcuma<br />
nasetigodzini lapho kutfolakala khona imitsi noma timphandze. Kutsintseka<br />
emagcolo, emagala, ncu emacembe, timphandze nalokunye lokuphatselene<br />
netihlahla. Emagama lahlala asemilonyeni yetangoma nguletento: gUbha,<br />
ornlso, geza, pheka, cenga, gcoba, gata, suo, blliso, phollso, notsc, hlanta,<br />
chela, lila, betselo. chapha, bhunyisa, naletinye.<br />
15
Tangomatimele imphilo, buhle nebunyeemmangweni ngako-ke bukhona bate<br />
bunendzima lebanti esiveni. Sivesiyatatisa tangoma ngenca yemisebenti yato<br />
yekwelapha, yekubhula, yekubetsela, yebugabazi, yebugagu nekukhutsata<br />
intfutfuko, imphilo nenchubekela embili.<br />
Inhlaliswano-Iulwimi (sociolinguistics) nenchazelomagama (semantics)<br />
tinendzima lebanti kuJolucwaningo ngobe emagama lamanyenti yamaniswa<br />
nayolemikhakhayelulwimi lemibili. Kuvetwe tinchazelo temagamanemehluko<br />
lokhona kubelaphi labatfwasile nalabangakatfwasi kepha labati imitsi.<br />
Kuchazwe kwenta kwalabo labelaphako kwachumaniswa nelulwimi.<br />
Lokucacako kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lofana nebantfubonkhe ngekwemphilo,<br />
kepha lowehluke ngemisebenti yelubito yekwelapha imitimba lebutsakatsaka,<br />
imimoya ledzangele, kubetsela emakhaya, kucinisa labalula labelekwa<br />
vlrnlmovo lenemandla nekushaya ematsambo. Imisebenti yetangoma yonkhe<br />
itsintsaimphilo nenhlalakahle yebantfu. Tikhona tangoma letibhica bungoma<br />
nebuthandazi ngekusebentisa imitsi, tiwasho, sawoti, sihlabatsi, Iitfombonkhala,<br />
. emanti emifula, etitiba, eticoja newelibhudlo.<br />
16
2.0 LOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA<br />
2.1 SINGENISO<br />
SEHLUK02<br />
Kubalulekile kutsi sibukisise lokunyenti lokuphatselene netangoma lokutawenta<br />
lucwaningo Iwetfu kube nguloluphelele.<br />
Kadzeni bekutsi nakulahleke imfuyo lekungaba tinkhomo noma timvu kuyiwe<br />
etangomeni kuyewubhulwa. Luhala Iwemfuyo belutfolakala kutsi ngabe<br />
tedvukeleemawenilamikheleketse nomatebiwe kwatsatfwa yiphi indlela nato.<br />
Luhala belulandzelelwa imfuyo igcine itfolakele kubuywe nayo ekhaya<br />
kutewujatjulwa. Uma leyomfuyo beyebiwe ngumuntfu, loyomuntfu uletfwa<br />
enkhundleni atewutsetsiswa Iicala bese uyahlawuliswa kuze angaphindzi ente<br />
intfo lembi kangaka: kweba. Ueala laloyomuntfu belidzingidvwa tikhulu,<br />
tindvuna, banumzane nalabanye labanetikhundla endzaweni. Bekubukisiswa<br />
kutsi ngabe lesento lesibi kangaka umenti waso utawukwehlukana yini naso<br />
ngemuva kwesigwebo sakhe krtowunlketwo sona. Bekucondvwa esibayeni<br />
sakhe kubukwe kutsi unonl bese uyagwetjwa. Kulesinye sikhatsi bekwenteka<br />
kutsi adliwe sibaya sonkhe kuye ngekutsi:<br />
• Tangoma tiyihlole imphilo yalowo lowebako tayitfola injani, futsi<br />
taniketa liphi Iikhambi lekwelapha lomkhuba wekweba, nekutsi<br />
• Inkhundla imbone anjani umebifutsi iniketa siphi seluleko.<br />
Lamuhlaumuntfu losigangi Iieala lakhelibukisiswa yinkantolokubuye kusebente<br />
nadokotela kuhlolisisa kutsi lowomuntfu uphilile yini. Loku kukhombisa kufana<br />
kwetintfo njengobe nakadzeni lieala belubukwa enkhundleni kufuneke<br />
17
Silindzele kubona kusebentisana emkhatsini wemasejari netindumba,<br />
bodokotela netangoma kanye netibhedlela. Silindzele Iicophelo lelitsite<br />
lekutawubekwa kulo tangoma nguMnyango weTemphilo kukhombisa kutsi<br />
imisebenti yabo yekubhula nekwelapha iyemukeleka.<br />
Umbono ngalokuphatselene netangoma siwuniketwe nguMfana Bhembe<br />
(2002i, eMgobodzi kanje:<br />
Tibhimbi /etinkhu/u /etifana nemitsimba, umcwosno. incwa/a<br />
nemh/angaiyah/o/wa embikwekutsi yenteke. Kuye kuyewubhu/wa<br />
etangomeni/eteh/ukene ngenh/oso yekutto/a kutsiemad/otiatsini,<br />
futsi anay/phiimibono nga/oku /ekutakwenteka. Kuye kuh/oJisiswe<br />
kahle ngemphiJo nenh/a/o yebanttu. Kuyewuh/o/a kuca/a<br />
kukhombisakutsiumnikatisibhimbiungumunttu /oyinakako imphiJo<br />
nenh/alakah/e yebanttu. Ungumunttu lotsandza buhle, kuthula<br />
nenchubeke/a embiJi. Uma kukhona /okubi /ebekume/e kuvele.<br />
tangomatiye tikubone embiJibese tiyasho kutsikumele kwe/ashwe<br />
njani kuze konkhe kuchubeke njengobe kuh/eJiwe.<br />
Uma kulungiselwa umtsimba tangoma tiye tilawule kabanti ngekuphatfwa<br />
kwetitfo tenyama letifana nenyongo, umswani, sibindzi, emaphaphu, lubendze<br />
naletinye titfo lekumele tinakekeleke tingafinyeleli etandleni tebantfu<br />
labalukhuni noma lekungevanwa nabo. Tiye tilawule kabanti ngekuphatfwa<br />
kwemabheka. tinkhomo temalobolo; lishoba, inkhomo yamakoti lehlaijwa<br />
emtsimbeni, umbeka inkhomo lehlaijwa emtsimbeni. Nalapho kuhlelelwa<br />
letinye tibhimbi tangoma tiye tinikete teluleko, netindlela lekumele kuchuijwe<br />
ngato yonkhe imisebenti lehleliwe.<br />
2 KukhuJurna Mfana Bhembe. eMgobodzi.<br />
19
2.3 KUTFWASA KWETANGOMA<br />
Uma umuntfu atfwasa usuke atfwasiswa ngemadloti. Kutfwasa kufana<br />
nekuyewufundza sikhatsi lesitsite lesingaba tinyanganyanga noma<br />
iminyakanyaka. Kufundza akusiyo intfo le/ula /ongayenta ngesikhashana<br />
lesincane, ngako-ke nekutfwasa kunjalo. Kutfwasa kusho kutfola Iwati lolusha.<br />
Kutfwasa kwetangoma kusho kwati kabanti ngemitsi, ngekwelapha<br />
nekuchumana nemadloti.<br />
Ugama lelitsi kutfwasa lishokungenwa ngumoyawebungoma kulolucwaningo.<br />
Leminye imicondvo levelaka ngalo Iisho kuvela kwenyanga lensha nekucala<br />
kwelihlobo noma kwemnyaka. Lokugcamako ngalo ngumcondvo wekucala<br />
kwentfo. Kusekelwa kweligama kutfwasa singakubonisa ngalemisho<br />
lelandzelako:<br />
Lomafa yinyanga letfwasile.<br />
Sekusondzele kutsi letfwase Iihlobo.<br />
Sitawubonana uma kutfwasa inyanga yaLweti.<br />
EmshweniwekucalaIigama kutfwasaligcamisa kufundzelanoma kuceceshela<br />
umsebenti lotsile. Imisho lemibili lelandzelako iveta tikhatsi.<br />
Kutfwasa kwetangoma lokwatiwako kubili: kutfwasa kwasemantini<br />
nekwasesikhupheni. Kutfwasa kwasemantini sikuve ngetangoma letintsatfu<br />
kuphela kuletingemashumi lamatsatfu. Imininingwane leniketwe nguletangoma<br />
letintsatfu ngulena:<br />
20
Ugama Mfanawendlela Mafavuka Hlabite<br />
Umlula UMlumati UMzinonl INgwempisi<br />
Indzawo yekuffwasela Esifibeni. emhlangenl Eslfibeni efikhoceni Engonini. emdzibini<br />
tematje<br />
Gobela Inyoka lnyoko Inyoka<br />
Sikhalsi Tinyanga Letisittupha Tinyanga lefisihlanu Tinyanga lefisltfupha<br />
nencenye<br />
Lokugcamako kulokutfwasa emantini kutsi awutfwasiswa ngumuntfu, kepha<br />
utfwasiswa yinyoka. Kutsiwa uma loyo lotfwasako asemantini kufanele<br />
kungakhalwa. Labanye baphonsa inkhomo lemdzaka emantini leyiba sidlo<br />
salenyoka. Bemndeni bashaya tigubhu emacentselweni emfula, bahlabe<br />
nembuti yekubonga lidloti. Kuncane kakhulu lesiphumelele kukutfola<br />
ngekutfwasa kwasemantini ngobe tangoma letitfwasa ngalendlela atigeci<br />
emagulangekutfwasakwato, tiyabopheka lulwimi lugcwaleumlomonakumele<br />
tichazisisesimo sendzawo, bunjalo bagobela, kudla lokudliwako, kufundziswa<br />
ngemitsi nekwelapha nalokunye lokutsintsa imphifo yasemantini.<br />
Kutfwasa kwasesikhupheni ngiko lesikwatiko futs! lesikwetayele. Umehluko<br />
lokhona logcaniile kuletinhlobo tekutfwasa kuba yindzawo yekutfwasela,<br />
gobela nekulawulwa ngulabaphasi. Kutfwasa loku kuhambisana nemfundvo,<br />
imfundziso nekucecesha, kanye nekuhlolwa. Kutfwasa kufana nemfundvo<br />
yalamuhla yebahlengi, yemaphoyisa, yabothishela nalabanye.<br />
Kuceceshwa kwemikhakha leyehlukene kuhleleka kanje:<br />
INDZAWO UMCECESHWAJEMATFWASA UMTFWASISI<br />
Ukolishi lebahlengikati Umhlengi/umhlengikati Umceceshi<br />
Ukolishi labothishela/ emathishelakafi lhishela/thishelakafi Umceceshi<br />
Sikhupha Utfwasana lelidvuna/lelisikafi Gobela<br />
21
2.4 T1MPHAWU TEKUTFWASA<br />
Lokumele affwase ubonakala ngekugula sikhatsi lesidze angasindzi. Yonkhe<br />
imitamo leyentiwako yekumsindzisa iye iphelele eteni kufanane nekutsela<br />
emanti emhlane welidada.<br />
Umuntfu logeina affwasile usuke sekahambe etinyangeni nasebathandazini<br />
labanyenti ngenhloso yekutfola imphilo, kepha ageine ehlulekile. Kugeina<br />
kuvelile kutsi kugula lokumkhungatsile kubangelwa ngemadloti ngobe afuna<br />
affwase. Sisusa sekutfwasa ngemadloti lucobo Iwawo.<br />
Tinyangaletibhulakotiye tibone kutsi kumele affwaselove logulakokuze asindze<br />
aehubekenemisebenti leyolefunwangemadloti. Lapho sekuvelile kutsikumele<br />
etfwase, uyatsaffwa ayiswe esangomeni lesidzala, gobela siyomtfwasisa.<br />
Ekutfwaseni ufundziswa imphatfoyebungoma letsintsa :kubingelela, kuzilakudla<br />
lokutslre, kuhlonipha nemaehakela ako. Lokwatiwako lekumele Iitfwasana<br />
Iingakudli yinyama yengulube, yemvu neyembila. Kuzila emabhonijisi<br />
nembumba. Lapho sangoma sesieedzile kutfwasa bese asisakukhetsi kudla<br />
ngaphandlekwayo imbumbaleyatiwangekutsilicoshadlotinoma livimbadloti.<br />
Tonkhe tangoma atiyidli imbumba ngobe yenta lidloti liphuphe.<br />
Lapho litfwasa lieala kutfwasa, kuhla1jwa imbuti lemhlophe kutsiwa ihla1jelwa<br />
emadloti kutsi akhanyise konkhe kube kuhle kuvuleke tindlela taloyo lotfwasako<br />
akwati kudalula timfihlo. Kuletinye tigodzi lembuti batsi likhanyisandlela.<br />
Umalitfwasa selieale kutfwasa kuphelatinhlungu nemaphupho lamabietilwane<br />
tasendle letinkhufu naletineane. Kusuke kuseijentiswa bulawu. Imbuti<br />
lemhlophe ihla1jwa ngemuva kwekuba sekuhla1jwe letimbili letatiwa ngekutsi<br />
emahlukanisadlofi tekwehlukanisa kutsi ngabe lemimoya yakabonina noma<br />
22
yakaboyise yini. TInyongo nemiswani yaletimbuti kwentelwa Iitfwasa umutsi<br />
wekuhlanta bese kugezwa ngebulawu. Utfwasa Iifundziswa tingoma<br />
tekubingelela. tekuvalelisa. tekukhutsata. tekulila netenjabulo. Ufundziswa<br />
kushaywa kwetigubhu nekugidza. Uma Iitfwasa ligidza kusebenta tinyawo.<br />
tandla. inhloki. emehlo. umlomo. tindlebe naletinye titfo temtimba ngoba<br />
kusukwe sekudliselwa.<br />
Bandla Slbondze" (2002) eMjindini uphawula ngelitfwasa utsi Iifundziswa loku<br />
lokuJandzelako:<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
Kugidza/kuhlehla;<br />
Kuhlabela;<br />
Kubhula;<br />
Imitsi/tihlahla;<br />
Kushaya ingomane;<br />
Inhlonipho. similo nekutiphatsa kahle kanye futsi;<br />
Nemasiko nemihambo yesive.<br />
tubisr' (2003) uveta umbono lohlukile -ngemuntfu lotawutfwasa utsi umuntfu<br />
lekumele atfwase utjelwa Iidloti lakhe ebusuku imvamisa. uvuka abhadvute<br />
ayongena kuleyonyanga labamlayetele khona. Kantsi futsi naleyonyanga<br />
(gobela) isuke imlindzele. Asikho nasincane sidzingo sekutsi umuntfu agule<br />
ahambealashwa bantfu labehlukenengembi kwekutsi kutfolakale kutsi kumele<br />
atfwase. Uma kwenteka njalo usuke Iowa muntfu angenwe yimimoya lemibi<br />
hhayi Iidloti. Uma ngabe Iowa muntfu ageina atfwasile akabi sangoma<br />
lesisebentako uba nguletangoma lesetigcwele lelive kepha tingasebenti.<br />
Uma sangomasigidza kuye kutsiwe siyahlehla. lndzawolesigidzela kuvo kutsiwa<br />
yinkhundla. TIgubhu letishaywako kutsiwa ingomane noma ngematjomane..<br />
3 Sandia Sibandze eMjindini uphawula ngalokufundziswa litfwosone.<br />
4 Dokotela P.M. Lubisi uveta umbono wokhe ngemuntfu lotawutfwasa.<br />
23
Umasangoma sitewucala kugidza sivusalldlott kantsilaphosesicedzile kugidza,<br />
Iidloti Iiyahamba kutsiwe Iiye elwandle.<br />
utfwasa Iifundziswa kubhula. Ufihlelwa tintfo ekhaya, esibayeni, etintsabeni<br />
nasemahlatsini. Bantfu labafikile batewubhula kugobela, baye babhulelwe<br />
Iitfwasana kucala embikwekutsi kulandzele gobela.<br />
Uma kubhulwa kusukwe sekutsetfwe indlelo yeligwayi kwabhenywa,<br />
kwatsimulwa. Uma kubhulwa kugcama inkhulumiswano lehamba kanje:<br />
Sangoma<br />
Labatewubhula<br />
Sangoma<br />
Labatewubhula<br />
Sangoma<br />
Labatewubhula<br />
Sangoma<br />
Labatewubhula<br />
Sangoma<br />
Labatewubhula<br />
Vumanibo!<br />
Siyavuma!<br />
Vumanibo!<br />
Siyavuma! Siyavuma!<br />
Vumanibo!<br />
Siyavuma! Siyavuma!<br />
Nikhishwe ngumkhuba ekhaya!<br />
Siyavuma!<br />
Umkhuba uvele ekhaya!<br />
Siyavuma!<br />
Uma Iiphimbo labatewubhula Iiphakama kakhulu, kusukekusho kutsi sangoma<br />
sihamba emvileni lofanele. Uma kuvunywa ngeliphimbo leliphansi, kusuke<br />
kusho kutsi sangoma siyanhlanhlatsa. Kutayefekile kutsi sangoma sinikete loyo<br />
lotewubhulelwa ematsambo noma tinhlola atiphuphutse bese utiphosa phasi.<br />
Kuba ngumsebenti wesangoma kuhumusha lake lokushiwo ngematsambo.<br />
Tangoma tehlukene kakhulu. Kukhona letinye letingavumisi, kepha letingena<br />
endzabeni tigece emagula tikutjele lewute ngako njengobe kunjalo. TIkhona<br />
letisebentisa balozl. Baloz! yimimoya yebantfu labata leseJjentiswako ibhuleJe<br />
24
umuntfu ngekutsi kuvakale emaphimbo lehlukene lashwashwatako. bese<br />
sangoma siyahumusha lake lokushiwo balozi.<br />
Tangoma tibhula:<br />
(a) ngetinhlola<br />
(b) nangebalozi.<br />
Letinye tikusebentisa kokubili loku lokungenhla. kantsi letinyenti tisebentisa kunye.<br />
Sekukhona letinye letibhicanisa bungoma nebuthandazi ngekutsi tisebentise:<br />
(a) emanti esiyalu, emfula noma elwandle;<br />
(b) tintsambo letelukiwe;<br />
(c) nema1je.<br />
Uma sangoma senta umsebenti woso. sicale sibite emadioti kucala. Udloti<br />
lelikhulu lelibitwa kucala nguMvelinchanti noma Mkhuluchanti. Kubitwa<br />
uMvelinchanti nje ngobe kwatiwa kutsi nguye lowadala lizulu. umhlaba nako<br />
konkhe lokukuwo. Labanye babhali baye banhlanhlatse noma bahlaneketele<br />
emaciniso ngekutsi batsi bantfu base-Afrika bakhonta emadloti. Asikho sive<br />
lesikhonta emadloti, kepha kukhontwa uMvelinchanti lolidloti lelikhulu ngendlela<br />
yemadloti. Emadloti atsatfwanjengebachumanisi. Kasenene (1993: 20)uchaza<br />
kabanti ngemadloti ngekutsi atsi:<br />
In the worldofspirits the deadmaintain the same relationships with<br />
one another and with the living as those established on earth,<br />
performing thesamerolesin relation to theliving. Death, however,<br />
adds status and power to a person and the dead enjoy more<br />
respect than the living .... Ancestors promote the well-being ofthe<br />
individuals and ofwhole communities.<br />
25
Iihlala Iisemlonyeni waso. Leso naleso sangoma sibaneligama lebungoma.<br />
Leligama lebungoma ngelaloyo umoya wakhe lewungene esangomeni.<br />
Emagamaetangomalekucociswene natotaniketa imibonoyato ngemisebenti,<br />
tento, inchubo nemikhuba leyamukelekile yebungoma nqulowo:<br />
SIBONGO NEUGAMA UGAMA TIBONGELELO IMINYAKA<br />
LEBUNGOMA<br />
(a) Bhembe, Mfana Mfanawendlela lmamba vetihoshal 96<br />
(b) Dvuba. Vela Mabitw'asabele Mifwalo loboshiwel 75<br />
(c) Dludlu. Mobamba Mhlambanvatsi Mandi'esambanel 79<br />
(d) Garna.Cecile Lomaveco Umvemve weslfundzal 82<br />
(e) Jele. Khombile Malal'ooucuko Inkhambaphasll 59<br />
(f) Khatwane, Fusi Mfulamudze Inaoni veNaoninil 63<br />
(g) Kunene. Themba Hlambile Umqwaja welifusi! 92<br />
(h) Lukhele. Khetsa Mhlahlandlela Sivalu lesinaashil 51<br />
(i) Mabila. Vuma Nhiokomo Phondvo Iwabhejanel 58<br />
(j) Mobuzc; Msebenti Mtsanvelo Tioni besikhotsal 69<br />
(k) Manana. Nhloko Majikiiela Mchamuki wetivel 72<br />
(l) Mdluli. Khutsala Tsekwane Nvoru vemtsakatsi! 70<br />
(m) Msibi, Funwako Makhukhula Matinv'endlovul 54<br />
(n) Morse, Butsile Tsakasile Mehi'emamba! 50<br />
(0) Naomane. Sioho Masimini Tandla tihlanjiwe! 67<br />
(0) Shiba. Mbuso Tsatsakanve Slhlanau semtsakatsiI 77<br />
(a) Sibandze. Bandla Nhlalamafini Nkhombankhombanel 94<br />
(r) Sibeko. Landziwe Malandzela UMafavukel 49<br />
(s) Shongwe. Mzwakhe soono Sikhundlakhundlal 34<br />
(t) Sibanvoni. Mfuia Sikhupheni Umcansa lonaacansekil 67<br />
(u) Sifundza. Silwane Ntsabeni Mats'envokal 60<br />
(v) Sukotl. Hluleliie Mahlasela Khalatome! 66<br />
(w) Ifwolo, Futile Gibelintsabo Invoka vetifundzal 39<br />
(x) Tfumbeia. Tsandza Mahlombeluhlanva Umtfubeletil 44<br />
(v) Tsabedze, Mbuti Nhlabamkhosi Mahlek'ehlatsinll 61<br />
(z) Tselc. Mandlakhe Mhlatsi Mfulatseli wenkhangalal 55<br />
(aa) Vilane. Mafulela Mafavuke Cham'akavinjelwal 93<br />
(bb) Vilakati. Mlandzeli MahlatsiJamnvama Imbuti Jenaakhalil 59<br />
(cc) Zulu. TikhaJi KhuphukHe Udvwala laphakadze! 68<br />
(dd) Zwane. Khulumile Lomadladla MadleJ' embiteni! 70<br />
2.5 IMVUNULO YESANGOMA<br />
Sangoma sivunula ngemiyeko yebuhlalu nalokunye enhloko, silengise<br />
netinyongo tetilwane letihlaijiwe. Sihize ngesikhumba sembuti kulesingenhla,<br />
siphatse nelishoba lenkonkoni esandleni. Ebusweni sisuke sigcobise Iidvumane<br />
noma sitihuce ngemlotsa.<br />
27
Tangoma letidvuna tiyasitsandza sihlutfu. tinwele letinkhulu letigcoijiswe<br />
ngemafutsatase tiphushelwa emuva. Letinyetangoma tiba nemiyeko, tinwele<br />
letipholsene letibuye tatiwe ngekutsi luphotfo. Tangoma tiye tivunule emahiya<br />
njalo. Loko-ke akusiphoceleli sangoma kutsi singagcoki letinye tingubo<br />
letivumelana nendzawo lesisuke siye kuyo.<br />
Uma sangoma sinemsebentimbaca webuthishela kumele singcokise<br />
kwathishela esikolweni. Uma singumhlengikati kumele sibe IlIandza sibili<br />
esibhedlela. Uma sisesontfweni singumWeseli kumele siphelele kutebuWeseli;<br />
uma singumKhatholika kumele siphelele kutebuKhatholika; uma singuMsheshi<br />
kumele siphelele kutebuSheshi njl!.<br />
Kadzeni bewubona ngetichaza. imvunulo leyindiingi lebatiwe yafakwa<br />
endlebeni lekleklile. Lamuhla sangoma sitifakela emacici asosihlobe sibesihle.<br />
Bewubona ngebusenga etingalweni. etitfweni nasetinkhonyaneni<br />
nangemafahlawane emacakaleni. Lamuhla ubona ngemabhengela<br />
lakhatimulako layigolide. isllivanedayimane etingalweni. Uma tangoma tenta<br />
imisebenti yoto yebungoma tigcoka tingubo tebungoma tiphelele. Wonkhe<br />
umuntfu uye abone kahle kutsi tangoma ngenca yemvunulo yoto. Tangoma<br />
kubo tangoma ngalokuphelele nemvunulo yoto.<br />
2.6 KUBALULEKA KWETlNHLOLA<br />
TInhlola tisikhali lesibaluleklle sesangoma noma sembhuli. Kutsiwa tinhlola<br />
ngobe kuhlolwa ngoto. TIbuyetatiwe ngekutsi ngematsambo ngobe letinyenti<br />
takheke ngematsambo. Tinhlola tiyakhulekelwa. Loyo losuke atewubhula uye<br />
afike a1si: ·Sikhulekela ematsamoo" noma "Slkhulekelo tinhlola.·<br />
TInhlola tinemagama netibongelelo. Akusito tonkhe tinhlola letinemagama<br />
kepha tiyabongelelwa tonkhe. TIbongelelo toto tisuselwa emadlotini. Letinye<br />
28
tangoma tisebentisa tinhlola letinyenti. kantsi letinye tisebentisa letimbalwa.<br />
Awukho umtsetfo noma Iisiko lelishoko kutsitinhlola kumele tibe tingaki.<br />
SANGOMA UNANI EMAGAMA ETINHlOLA nBONGELElO<br />
lETHlNHlOLA LEnNTSATFU<br />
Nhlonkomo 21 Tsambolemphisi Shay'emhlolweni<br />
Moweni utitek'uiicedze<br />
Mdianyoka Tayitolo netakusasa tanyase<br />
netalamuhla<br />
lomavovo 16 Miozi weNyakalfo Khumuma kuiindziwe.<br />
lambaiidiile ukhuiule imiphefumulo.<br />
Gibobatsakatsi leyaboshwa kadzeni<br />
nanyal'lsabashiwe<br />
Sikhupheni 14 Mdlabantfu Mncamulantsaba.<br />
Naselwandle Mncamulamawa,<br />
Mkhuphukantsabo Mncamulatifundza<br />
uncekets'ungadzeii<br />
Ntsabeni 19 Soluhala Haia iwetifundza, Khumaio<br />
Magwoz'afulatsele kufiwe, Uticeketse akuiolele<br />
landzandzaba Dloti letimanga<br />
Khiphukile 15 Mehlw'emamba Batekele Somatekelo<br />
Maceketsandzaba Babamb'imilomo,<br />
Baljele Bek'ingcikitsi yemphiio<br />
Neminyombo yayo iibalele<br />
2.7 IMIMOYA YEBUNGOMA<br />
Imimoya yebungoma iye ichamuke emndenini noma ebantfwini belusendvo<br />
nasebantfwini labalukhuni. lye ichamuke kumunye walabadzala lokungaba<br />
ngubabe. make. gogo. mkhulu. khokho. khulukhulwana nalabanye. Loyo<br />
lekusuke kuphume Iidloti ngaye kuye kugcama Iigama lakhe. Imimoya<br />
yebungoma ayilukhetsi luhlangotsi leyichamuka kulo, ingachamuka noma<br />
kuliphi:<br />
KABOYISE<br />
KhOkhO<br />
Mkhulu/gogo<br />
Babe<br />
Songoma<br />
29<br />
KABONINA<br />
KHOKHO<br />
GOGO<br />
LOMDVUNAILOMSIKATI<br />
MAKE
Ngicela kuwe khehla lami<br />
Ngicela kuwe Macanc' intsaba,<br />
Canca nami intsaba sisite lomuntfu<br />
Lolapha, ute kuwe khehla lami,<br />
Bita bokhokho boMawel'umfula.<br />
BoMahlahlandlela BoMbobotemihlwa,<br />
Nelekelelan' ekumsiteni khehla lami.<br />
Kulisiko nenchubo yetangoma kungagcamisi ligama lelitsi mine. Ngaso sonkhe<br />
sikhatsi tangoma titsi titawucela kubobobe. kubomkhulu, kubokhokho<br />
nakulabanye. Tangoma tivela njengetimphawu - timeli nome bameli lucobo.<br />
Konkhe lewusuke ukufuna etangomeni tikucelela kana kulabadzala baso<br />
nebakho. Tihlanganisa emadloti akho newaso kuze uphumelele kuloku<br />
lewukudzingako.<br />
2.8 SANGOMA NEBUHLOBO<br />
Songoma ngumuntfu loliciko lelikhuluekusebetiseni lulwimi.Sangomaasikhulumi<br />
noma kanjani. ngasosonkhesikhatsi sisebentisalivilelipholile lelinesizotsa. Lapho<br />
sikhuluma nebantfu labasikati siye sisebentise bulili sitsi bogogo, kantsi<br />
kulabadvuna sitsi bomkhulu. Sivamile kuteketisa kakhulu nakulabasebasha sitsi<br />
taJukatitaminoma macheguami. Esikhatsini lesinyenti sangoma siyesikhulume<br />
sitsi: "LabadzaJa batsi. ..: noma'Emakhosi atsi.:"<br />
31
Kukhuluma kwesangoma lokungenhla akusivimbeli kutsi sisebentise emagama<br />
ebuhlobo latayelekile nalatiwako:<br />
Babe Babe lomkhulu Babe lomncane<br />
Moke Make lomkhulu Make lomncarie<br />
Mkhulu Gogo Khokho<br />
Babekati Malumekati Malume<br />
Dzadzeweffu Mnakeffu Mzala<br />
Mntfwanamake Mntfwanababe Mntfwanelikhehla<br />
Mzukulu Mkhula wami Mkhwenyaweffu<br />
Maketala Babetala Mkhwekati<br />
Bulandza bami Ebukhweni bami Mkhwewami<br />
Malokatane Makoti Ndvodzakati<br />
Ndvodzana Mntfwanami Mkhwenvana<br />
EmagamaebuhloboIowaakhombisa kwenaba kwesive nekuchurnono, bunye<br />
nekubambisana lokuhlala kukhona umlibe. Kwenta bantfu bahlalebabumbene<br />
babemunye ngisho nasetikhatsini letilukhuni temphilo.<br />
2.9 . SANGOMA NEMABITONGCO<br />
Akukho lokuvimbela sangoma kutsi singasebentisi emabitongco njengabo<br />
bonkhe bantfu, kepha lokuphawulekako Iiphimbo lelipholile nemagama<br />
ebuhlobo lendvulelako:<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Mzala Siphiwe<br />
Mkhulu Lomafa<br />
Dzadzewetfu Bonisile<br />
2.10 SANGOMA NEMABITOMUNTFU<br />
Noma sangoma singumuntfu loceceshelwe umsebenti wetemitsi, kwelapha<br />
nekubhula; asivimbeleki kutsi singalisebentisi lelinye Iikhono lesinalo njengekuba<br />
ngumtfungi, ngumakhi ngumhlabeleli, ngumcwaningi naleminye.<br />
32
kusebentisana, kwelekelelana nekubambisana kuyawuletsa imphumelelo<br />
ekwelaphenitifo letehlukene letifana nencubulunjwane, lukhwekhwe,<br />
malalaveva, situba semoya, umtfundzangati, gagabukane, sitfutfwane, slsu<br />
sernovo, imfinyeti, umbhulelo, lijovela, gcunsula, naletinye.<br />
Kulesinye sikhatsi kuyenteka kube ngumsebentimbaca wesangoma kuba<br />
sangoma-mthandazi, sangoma-sokhemisi, sangoma-dokotela, sangoma<br />
mhlengikati, naleminye. Umsebentimbaca uniketa likhono lelingetulu<br />
kulatayelekile nemphumelelo ekwenteni umsebenti.<br />
2.12 SANGOMA NETlNANATElO<br />
Sangoma ligabazi sibili. Ngumuntfu lonelikhono lekubeka inkhulumo ngendlela<br />
lemnandzi, lehehako nalekhutsatako. Kusebentisa tinanatelo kuyindlela letsite<br />
lelalisa lulwimi lolusisekelo semphilo yemuntfu loliSwati.<br />
Akekho 10liSwati longananateli; lokungenani angamane asebentise sinanatelo<br />
sesibongo sendzawolatintekuvo. Loko kubonakala kahle etindzawenitetikhulu.<br />
Uma ukhontile esigodzini sakaShongwe, nawe sewungilo liNtimandze<br />
ngekukhonta noma ngabe ungumchamuki kulaseMalawi, eZimbabwe noma<br />
eMozambiki ngobesewutewukwenta konkhe lokwentiwa endzaweni lokufana<br />
nekubingelelana, kuhambela tibhimbi, kubutfwa kwemajaha, kubutfwa<br />
kwetingabisa, ernoslko nenchubo yesive. Kubalulekile kutsi nawungumuntfu<br />
wente lokwentiwa kuleyondzawo lotinte kuyo ngaphandle kwekutibandlulula<br />
ngebuve, lulwimi nemasiko.<br />
Sangoma sinanatela kukuhle, singaphocelelwa ngumsebenti waso<br />
webungoma; sibuyesinanatelenalaphosesichumanisaemadloti 050 newalowo<br />
lotewukhulekelaematsambo. KUhlangana kwemadloti050nalowolotuna lusito<br />
35
Tinanatelo tigeamisa umlandvo waleso sibongo. Phela, sinanatelo siveta<br />
tehlakalo letenteka kadzeni letitsintsa bantfu baleso sibongo.<br />
libonelo:<br />
Dlamini Nine lenaeedza Lubombo ngekuhlehletela.<br />
Khumalo Mabaso lowabas'entsabeni.<br />
Kwadliwa liIanga Iishona.<br />
Tinanatelo tiphindze tivete emagama alabo labatsintsekako emlandvweni<br />
webantfu baleso sibongo.<br />
libonelo:<br />
Neongwane<br />
MvilQ<br />
Nkhwakhwa<br />
Nyezi,<br />
Mavuso<br />
Nceie. ....<br />
Magudvulela,<br />
Mad/aOOne,<br />
Masaphokati.<br />
Ncongwane watala Mvila. Nkhwankwa vena watalwa nguMviia wase utala<br />
Nyezi njengenkhosana.Tinanatelo tingahlelwa ngelinani letinhlavu.<br />
37
Tibonelo:<br />
TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letimbili:<br />
Sibongo Sinanotelo<br />
Jele Mbhokane<br />
Tfumbela Mvuleni / Mvulane<br />
TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letintsatfu:<br />
Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />
Gama Mbhokane<br />
Mnisi Mvuleni / Mvulane<br />
TInanatelo letinetinhlavu letine:<br />
Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />
Mndzebele Nabokhosi<br />
Kunene Madvonsela<br />
TInanatelo letinhlavu letisihlanu:<br />
Sibongo Sinanatelo<br />
Motsa Madlebenkhomo<br />
Mavuso Magudvulela<br />
TInanatelo tingabuye tehlukaniswe ngekwelusendvo.<br />
Lusendvo IwakaNkhosi<br />
Dlamini<br />
Mamba<br />
Ginindza<br />
Magongo<br />
38
Lusendvo IwakaMavuso<br />
Mavuso<br />
Shabalala<br />
Dlamini<br />
Lusendvo IwakaKunene<br />
Mdziniso<br />
Sikhondze<br />
Gamedze<br />
Madvonsela<br />
Lusendvo IwakaTfwala<br />
Motsa<br />
Malindzisa<br />
Mkhonto<br />
Mbokazi<br />
Sangomangumuntfulowatisakoumlandvonemasiko. Umlandvo nemasiko kuye<br />
kubonakale kusetjentiswe tinanatelo. Sangoma ngumuntfu wemasiko<br />
nemihambo ngako-ke akwetfusi kuva Mafulela Vilane (2002i ananatele<br />
wakaMdluli atsi:<br />
Bhekiswako<br />
Wena wabhekis' inkhos' elusaseni<br />
Sukuta<br />
Luvuno...<br />
Mafulela Vilane usuke acela emadloti akaMdluli kutsi ahlanganyele newakhe<br />
ekusiteni loyo lodzinga lusito. Kuchumana kwemadloti aloyo lodzinga lusito<br />
5 Mafldela Vilane eMzinonl ananatela.<br />
39
naloyo lekumele asite, kuniketa emandla loyo lobukene nemisebenti wekusita.<br />
Kubalulekile kutsi sof kabanti ngekwehlukana kwesinanatelo.<br />
Ginindza (1992:48) uchaza ngebakaMdluli atsi:<br />
There are two sub-c/ass of the MdluJi clan; the Mdluli Sikhandzisa<br />
from which comes the king's right hand insifa, and the Mdluli<br />
Bhekiswako from which came the Queen Mother Labotsibeni,<br />
motherofBhunu, father of Sobhuza fl.<br />
Ngalokufanako ubita emadlotinchanti kucala loku kukhombisa kubaluleka<br />
kwalabaphansi esiveni lesimnyama. Inkholelo yetfu kutsi konkhe lokuhle<br />
lokwentakalako kungoba kuvume emadloti. Ginindza (1992:57) usiniketa<br />
umlandvo ngebakaMtsetfwa utsi:<br />
The Mtsetfwa in Swaziland came from Zululand and are<br />
descendants of their famous king, Dingiswayo. The Swazi invited<br />
the Mtsetfwa as ritual specialists to doctor the king and the army.<br />
When itwas found outtheirmedicines were toopotentandmade<br />
the king wild and eager to shed blood frequently, they were<br />
replaced by the Mkhatjwa of eLwandle.<br />
Mafulela Vilane (2002) unanatela bakaMtsetfwa utsi:<br />
Jobel<br />
Mtsetfwa<br />
Nyambose<br />
Mnguni wasOndi<br />
WasoThukela.<br />
40
Kulesinye sikhatsi umuva ananatela wakaMaseko atsi:<br />
Khubonye waNdlovu<br />
Mdandalukane<br />
Sidvwaba silutfuli<br />
Singaba ntolo<br />
Saphuma ekhabonina.<br />
Nakhona lapha kaMaseko kucalwa ngemadlotinchanti kucala<br />
embikwekutsintsalokunye. Kuchumana kwemadloti kuyintfo lenkhulu. Umlandvo<br />
webakaMaseko uchazwa nguGinindza (1992: 51) lapho atsi:<br />
The Maseko areamong the priorinhobitants ofSwazilandandtheir<br />
sinanatelo states that they are ofNtungwa origin, Mntungwa, the<br />
chosen one. They became the chosen ones when Ndvunguye<br />
(1790-1815) married a daughter ofthe famous Luhleko Maseko.<br />
Tangoma bantfu labakwati kukusita ngekukucelela lusito kulabalala<br />
nasemadlotininchanti esibongo sakho. Inkholelo lekhona emphumelelweni<br />
yebantfu labasitwa tangoma kutsi lusito balutfola ngemadloti abo, lekumele<br />
achumane newetangoma avisise ticelo leticelwako. Tangoma tisebenta<br />
njengebachumanisi. Emandla ekusita labo labadzinga lusito atfolakala<br />
emadlotini.<br />
Kusebenta kwetangoma kweyame emadlotini ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi.<br />
Kubaluleka kwalabalelekubonakala ngekutsikunakekelwetindzawo labatjalwe<br />
kuto ngekutsi tihlale tihlantekile. Loku kwentiwa ngito tonkhe tive letikhona<br />
ngaphansi kwemtfunti welilanga. NgesiSwati liliba lemnurnzane alibi khashane<br />
nemuti wakhe ngoba kukholelwa kutsi uwugadza umuti wakhe ngisho asaba<br />
matsambo mhlophe. Uma kukhona inkinga levelako kushonwa elibeni<br />
kuyewubikwa, kucelwe nesisombululo senkinga. Uma kubikwa kushiwo tibongo,<br />
41
tinanatelo, netibongelelo, kutsintfwe nalamanyeemadloti ngobekucelwa kutsi<br />
akubanjiswane, kwelekeleiwane, kuliwe imphi lekubukenwe nayo.<br />
Uma kukhona loshonile losihlobo sesangoma noma losondzelene naso<br />
ngekwelapha nekwelashwa, umhlanti uyavalwa ngenhloso yekuzila.<br />
.Akushaywa ematsambo kulawomalanga. Akugidvwa ngoba kuhlonishwa.<br />
Akusetjentiswa imitsi leminyenti ngaphandie kwaleyo lecondzene<br />
nekushonelwa.<br />
2.13 SANGOMA NESITSEMBU<br />
Sangoma ngumuntfu lophila imphilo leyetayelekile ngekutsi ifanane<br />
neyalabanye. Sangoma lesidvuna senta yonkhe imisebenti leyentiwa<br />
ngulabadvuna, kantsi ngalesinye sikhatsi senta yonkhe imisebenti leyentiwa<br />
ngulabasikati.<br />
Kuteka bafati labanyenti kunemlandvo lomudze etiveni tonkhe, kusukela<br />
eBhayibhelini inkhosiSolomoni kuye kufinyelele nyalo. Akusiwo umtsetfo wesive<br />
semaSwati noma wetangoma, kuteka batati labanyenti, kepha Iilungelo<br />
nekutsandza kwaloyo lofisako kukwenta loko. Kuya ngemandla endvodza<br />
kuteka batati labanyenti.<br />
Kadzeni bekulula kukwenta lake ngobe ematsata abegcwele lrntuvo. lenye<br />
seyiphendvuke imilalandle. Imfuyo beyiphula tibaya. Esibayeni semnumzane<br />
bewubona yonkhe imibaia yetinkhomo: letibovu, letimnyama. letimhlophe,<br />
letimphunga, letinkhone, letimphofu, letihhemu. letimdzaka, letibhondvo.<br />
letingwevu, letinsundvu naletimabalabala kadzeni bekwandze tinjinga<br />
kunetimphuya. Emasimu emnumzane bekuba bodedangendlale. Emitini<br />
leminyenti bekukhonjwa ngalosekhatsi. Imitimba yalabo labakulamakhaya<br />
beyisho iceketsa indzaba ngekwayo kutsi kuphilwa imphilo lenjani.<br />
42
Uma umnurnzane welikhaya asangoma futsi aphila kohle. abesitsatsa sitsembu<br />
lokungaba bafati labengcile eminweni yetandla totimbili, kulesinye sikhatsi<br />
nasetintwaneni tetinyawo totimbili. Abeganiselwa labanyekantsi labanye<br />
abeteke ngobe bangematfwasa akhe.<br />
Sangoma lesinesitsembu kuvamile kutsi Iinyenti lebafati balo kube tangoma<br />
nato ngobe bahlanganiswa ngumsebenti lofananako wekuphonsa<br />
ematsambo, kusebenta ngetihlahla, emacembe, emagcolo, tikhumba<br />
tetilwane nemabutela ato.<br />
Etangomeni letintsatfu letinebafati labanyentitivete kwakheka kwetitsembu tate<br />
kanje:<br />
1-3 Tangoma<br />
4 Umhlengikati<br />
5 Uthishelakati (lnhlanti ya-2)<br />
6 Umtfungi<br />
2<br />
43<br />
Vela Dvuba. elubhalule
1 - 3.6<br />
4<br />
5<br />
7<br />
8<br />
Tagoma<br />
Lomphilo<br />
Umtfungi<br />
Umtsengisi (Inhlanti yo - 1)<br />
Umbhaki<br />
Q<br />
1 Inyanga<br />
2 Uthishelakati<br />
3 Umhleli<br />
Mahamba Dludlu. KaMhlushwa<br />
6<br />
Funwako. Msibi. eSiyabuswa<br />
L-_--,.,...-__....I<br />
Q<br />
Inhlanti yintfombatane lehamba nadzadzewabolaphoayewukwendza; nayo<br />
ke igcina yendzele lapho kwendzele dzadzewabo khona. Igcina isesitsenjini.<br />
44<br />
3<br />
7
Lesikuphawulako kutsi sangoma singumuntfu lotana nebantfu bonkhe. Kumele<br />
kuhlonishwe emalungelo esangoma njengoba siwahlonipha ebantfu bonkhe<br />
kusukela lapho sibingelela,sibhula,selapha umuntfu, sihlanganyela nebantfu<br />
etibimbhini tabo nalapho sesivalelisa.<br />
Sangoma lesidvuna singumnurnzane, umninimuti, embikwekutsi kugcame<br />
bungoma.Ngalokutananako nakulesisikati singumake webantfwana<br />
embikwekutsi kugcame bungoma. Sangoma lesisikati sibukene nemisebenti<br />
lemitsatfu njengabo bonkhe bantfu labasikati:<br />
• Kuba yintalabantfu (reproductive work), kutala nekukhulisa bantfwana<br />
kanye nekwenta imisebenti yelikhaya.<br />
• Kusebenta kwenzuzo (productive work), kutinikela emisebentini leyenta<br />
kudliwe ekhaya. Bungoma bungena ngaphansi kwalesigaba ngobe<br />
bunekhokhelo yenkhanyiso, imali lekhishwa embikwekucala kwelapha<br />
lekutsiwa yemadloti yekukhanyisa; bese kulandzela inkhomo,<br />
yenkhokhelo lapho sekwelashiwe.<br />
• Umsebenti wesive (community work), lotsintsakusebentisana nalabanye<br />
bantfu ekulimeni, emfundvweni, nakulokunye lokunyenti lokukhutsata<br />
bunye nekwakha sive.<br />
Njengobe sesicaphelile kutsi sangoma lesidvuna sivame kubanebatati,<br />
bantfwana, imiti nemfuyo lenyenti futsi siye siphatseke njengengwenyama<br />
emphakatsi, emndenini waso. Sangoma lesisikati siba nemfuyo lenyenti kantsi<br />
nelidloti lase Iivame kukhalipha kakhulu. Sitsembusiluphawu lebunjinga esiveni<br />
semaSwati ngobe emadvodza lamanyenti akhomba ngalosekhatsi.<br />
45
Umsebenti webungoma ngewelubito, kungako ugcamisa kutinikela, kusebenta<br />
kamatima imini nebusuku. Ngumsebenti logcamisa kunotsa: imfuyo lenyenti<br />
nemndeni lomkhulu. Kuletinye tangoma igcina imimoya yebungoma ihambile<br />
kusale buphuya, luslzl, tifo nebulalandle. Loko kwenteka etangomeni<br />
letingamange tihambise tintfo ngenchubo nenhlelembo yebungoma. Loko<br />
kwenteka kube sishayo lesimatima ikakhulu kuleto tangoma letisuke tente<br />
lokuphambene lokufana nekukhipha umphefumulo, kuphinga, kugagadlela,<br />
kuhlambalata nalokunye lokunyenti. Umsebenti webungoma<br />
ngewekuphatsiswa kwelicandza ngobe webantfu labadzala, labakhulu futsi<br />
labahloniphekile. Kumele uhlale uhlantekile sonkhe sikhatsi.<br />
2.14 UMTSAKATSI<br />
Umtsakatsi ngumuntfu lonemkhubalongcolilefutsi lomubingekubulalalabanye<br />
bantfu ngemitsi. Umtsakatsi uchazwa kanjena:<br />
• ngumuntfu lonenhlitiyo lembi, longafiseli labanyelokuhle ngobeafisa kutsi<br />
konkhe lokuhle nalokulungile kube ngekwakhe.<br />
• ngumuntfu loticabangela vena yedvwana,hhayi labanye.<br />
• ngumbulali lokhiphaimiphefumulo lengenalicalangetindlela letehlukene<br />
ngekubafakela butsi ekudleni; ngekufaka imimoya lemibi labanye.<br />
sento sebutsakatsi besetayelekile ebantfwini labadzala ngobe bebachutjwa<br />
tinhlanga labatigcatjwa batali babo. Kuyatfusa-ke ngobe nalabasha<br />
sebayawenta lomkhubalomubilageinangekubhubhisaimiti.Kutsiwaumtsakatsi<br />
umutsi uwutfola enyangeni lelugedla ngoba sangoma asitsakatsi uma<br />
singakwenta lake emadloti aso ayasijikela alwe nasa sigcine sifile. Sangoma<br />
asisondzelani nebutsakatsi. Butsakatsi sento sebantfu phaca, nabo lababutfola<br />
etingedleni.<br />
46
Kusukela emakhosini eluhlanga lamadzala boSomhlolo naboMswati II<br />
umtsakatsi abejojwa ngetikhali abulalwe. Bekwatiwa nje kutsi umuntfu<br />
lekutfolakale kutsi usebentisa emakhambi nomatihlahla kobl, ugcina abulewe.<br />
Sento sebutsakatsingiso lesibangela bantfu labadzala kutsi bagcamise lesaga:<br />
Umswani wembabala kawungeniswa ekhaya.<br />
Inchazelo yaso itsi intfombatane yemtsakatsi akufuneki itsatfwe i1etfweekhaya<br />
ngobe itawucotfula umuti. Intfombatane letalwa ngumtsakatsi itaniswa<br />
nemswanewenyamataneimbabalangobeungcolile, uvonuko. umnyamafutsi<br />
kawudliwa. Lesinye sima senkhulumo lesatiwako ngulesitsi: Umfsakafsi<br />
akancengwa. Inchazeloyaso itsi kumele aphatfwengesandla lesicinileumuntfu<br />
lotsakatsako ngobe akavami kwehlukana nabo. Butsakatsi bufana nesifo<br />
lesingelapheki ngobe umuntfu lochubeka ngabo ukhutwa ngalapha<br />
nangalapha, kodvwa angehlukani nabo.<br />
Labatiko batsi kutsakatsa ngumsebenti lomatima ngobe nawuke wawutsatsa<br />
ngekeuphindzeuwuyekele. Uyowentaebusuku nasemini. Ngalamanye emavi<br />
Iijoka loyolibeka phansi mhla uwufulatsela lomhlaba. Labanyenti basuke<br />
bephehlwa yinhlanga lekutsiwa ishaywa ekupheleni kwemsisila.<br />
Sangoma lesisachubeka ngemisebenti yaso yebungoma siyakwati kubelapha<br />
butsakatsi. Kwelashwa kutsiwe kususwa lenhlanga yebutsakatsi kucolo, bese<br />
kusetjentwa ngekuhlanta ingati yakhe love lotsakatsako.<br />
Butsakatsi ngumkhuba 10mubi lesewuphendvuke sito lekumele selashwe.<br />
Kubulala umtsakatsi ngeke kukusite ngobe banyenti kakhulu. Kubulala akusiso<br />
sisombuluko senkinga ngako-l
·...wizard is the enermy ofsociety. He is the man or woman who<br />
uses the powers ofthe universe, which he has leamt to employby<br />
meansofmagic, foranti-socialends. Theumtsakatsi uses hispower<br />
for evil and against the welfare of society; he injures people's<br />
health, destroys life, prevents rain occasions lightining, makes the<br />
cows become dry. and is the cause ofall mannerofmisfortune.<br />
Uma umtsakatsi alumba usuke ati kahle kutsi kutawukwentakalani etitfweni<br />
taloyo lolunjwako. Ugadla ati kahle kutsi yini letawukwenteka emilenteni,<br />
eiimbanjeni, eiinsweni, esibindzini, emaphashini, engaiini, ebuchosheni<br />
nakuletinye titfo temiimba.<br />
Butsakatsi abusiyo intfo yalamuhla, budzala njengawo umhlaba. Bebukhona<br />
kusaphila bokhokho babokhokho, kepha bunesigwebo sinye kufa.<br />
KUlemaNtaliyane (Italy) butsakatsi base budlangile ngeminyaka yabo 1521,<br />
kugiijelwa tintsi temishanyelo, timbuti netinkhomo. KulemaFuleniji (France)<br />
kutsiwa bebubahlanganisa imicondvo nga-1672. KulemaJalimane (Germany)<br />
kutsiwe bebudlange kakhulu nga-1749 endzaweni iBlocksberg. KulemaNgisi<br />
(England) kutsiwa bebubhokile ngaleminyaka 1645-1647, nakhona<br />
bebunesigwebo sinye: kufa. Kugibela IIhhashi lebakhunkhull, imfenesento sase-<br />
Afrika futsi lesingenawo umlandvo lomudze njengewase Yurophu. Ngaso<br />
sonkhe sikhatsi umuntfu lotsakatsako abebukwa sambane ngekutsi aphumele<br />
elucadzini agcine abulewe. Emaveni aseYurophu bebagweijwa intsambo,<br />
bashiswe, bagcoijwe ngemaije, baduijulwe, nalokunye lokunyenti kepha<br />
lokunesiphetfo slnve, kufa (Collier's Encyclopedia 1971: 549-551). E-Afrika<br />
bebadllwa IIjozi noma badzingiswe.<br />
Kusebentisa emakhambi ngendlela lehlaneketelekile sifo lesidzala, lekumele<br />
selashwe ngekwemakhambi nangekwelulekwa. Kumele imiphumela<br />
yebutsakatsi igcanyiswe kubo bonkhe bantfu kuze buphele nya. Emlandvweni<br />
wesive semaSwati iikhona tibongo letagcama kakhulu ngekuseljentiswa<br />
48
kwemilingo. Sibongo sakaMatsebula lesisuselwa esentweni tsebulo, sadvuma<br />
kokhulu etikhatsini talamakhosi: Ndvunguye, Somhlolo naMswati \I lapho<br />
bekwenteka imilingo yabo yekutsebula bantfu netilwane. Lesinye lesadvuma<br />
ngemlingo sakaMnisingobe labo bebakwati kunisa imvula. Ginindza (1992: 53)<br />
uchaza kanje:<br />
... Mnisi, founder ofthe Mnisi clan, was broughtup athis mother's<br />
home, the Motsa. The Motsa were rain makers and Mnisi leamed<br />
the ritual ofrain making by watching at night pretending to be<br />
asleep. Afterhe had mastered the whole ritual, he stole the rain<br />
medicines and fled. The Motsa discovered the theft too late.<br />
Mnisiungewekudzabuka kaShabalala eMhlongamvula(Wakkerstroom) lebuye<br />
yatiwe ngekutsi kuseLuthaka. Yindzawo lebeyingenayo kahle imvula, kungako<br />
kutsiwa yiMhlongamvula. Kuhlonga kusho kweswela. Unguyisenchanti wabo<br />
bonkhe bakaMnisi labananatela batsi:<br />
Mvulane!<br />
Loluhlata njengencoshane<br />
Mdlalose lolumhlophe netinyawo takhe,<br />
Banemanga bakaShabalala<br />
Batsi uMhlongamvula udzilikile,<br />
Kantsi bayawuhawukela.<br />
AIibaleli lawuhamba khona Mvulane,<br />
Ucisha tinyawo.<br />
Tinyenti tibongo letinemlandvo lojulile ngemilingo. Imilingo beyisetjentiselwa<br />
tintfo letinyenti letinhle naletimbi. Letinye tibongo atikaphatselani nemilingo<br />
kepha tiveta kwenteka kwetintfo letitsite nekususelwa etentweni:<br />
biya Biyela phalala<br />
49<br />
Maphalala
opha Bophela singa Masinga<br />
gaba Gabela khanya Makhanya<br />
bita Mabizela vundla Mavundla<br />
luleka Maluleka biya Sibiya<br />
dvonsa Madvonsela tfola Sitfole<br />
1sebula Ma1sebula<br />
Leso naleso sibongo sinenchazelo, umlandvo nemvelaphi yaso. Lapha-ke<br />
ngetesabuka umlandvo nemvelaphi yato, kepha sitawubuka tinchazelo kanje:<br />
biya tungeleta phaiala bika/phutfuma<br />
bopha hlanganisa singa bukisisa<br />
gaba 1sembela/hlobisa khanya gcama<br />
bita chweba tfola khandza<br />
luleka bonisa vundla ncuma kabili<br />
dvonsa hudvula 1sebula lumba<br />
Kwenta kwebantfu ngiko lekwaholela ekucanjweni kwemabitonchanti: tibongo.<br />
Tibongo letisetjentiswe ngenhla tigcamisatakhi timphambosi -el- na -ek<br />
nekuphongota rno- na si-. Lapha sibuke tinchazelo neluhlelo kuphela,<br />
umlandvo nemvelaphi kutawudzinga lolunye lucwaningo lolujulile.<br />
Ba1sakatsi baye bagadle kumuntfu ngekutsi bamphose ngetive letinemandla<br />
lekuye kwabhicwa nemhlaba1si wemaliba; ikakhulu emaliba alabo latalwa<br />
nabo love lophosiwe. Loyo lophosiwe uhamba ancamule tinkhalo aticedze<br />
atuna lusito kepha kungabilula kulutfola. Uhamba emaBhaceni,<br />
emaMpondweni, emalulwini, emaTsongeni, emaVendeni, emaShoneni,<br />
emaNyaseni nakuleminye imihlobo leminyenti kepha lusito angalutfoli ngobe<br />
kusukekuphendvulweemadlotiakhekwabati1sa kuye. Kuyekugcinwengeku1si<br />
ku1siwe kumele atfwasengobekungemadloti lawo lamhluphako, kantsi tilwane<br />
laphoswe ngato.<br />
50
2.15 UMFEMBI<br />
Umfembi luhlobo lolutsite Iwenyanga loluchu1jwa yimimoya njengesangoma.<br />
Umfembi uchutjwa yimimoya leyehlukile kunaleyo leyisuke ichuba sangoma.<br />
Makhubu (1978: 6) usiniketa lenchazelo:<br />
Instead ofbeing possessed by his orher own ancestors, umfembi<br />
may be possessed by the spirits of people killed in the past by<br />
members ofhis or her family.<br />
• Indzawo lekufenjelwa kuyo kuba ngulevalekile. Kuba ngumfembi<br />
nalahambisana nobo. kanye nesigulane nalabahambisana naso.<br />
• Umfembi usebentisa Iishoba, lalisebentisa kube sengatsi uyatsanyela.<br />
Lelishoba ulihambisa emtimbeni wesiguli kusukela enhloko kuyewufika<br />
etintwaneni. Umfembi uve aculeka kudzingeke kutsi avuswe ngelishoba<br />
nemitsi lesondzetwa etindzebeni takhe.<br />
• Umfembi uye akhulunyiswe abutwe imibuto leminyenti lenjengalena:<br />
'Ungubani? Uwakabani? Ubuyaphi? Utsakatselani? Usibangisani<br />
lesiguli?' Umfembi uyaphendvulaasho kutsiungubant wakabani nekutsi<br />
usibangisani sigulane. Umfembi uye agucuka abe ngumtsakantsi sibilt<br />
ente konkhe lokwentiwa nguloyo lotsakatsa siguli abuye asebentise<br />
neliphimbo lelifana nelemtsakatsi.<br />
• Ekugcineni umfembi uyamelula emalunga Iowa logulako, bese kususwa<br />
imimoya yebetive kusale yebungoma. Uma abutwa umfembi kutsi<br />
bekwentakalaniuye angati, kepha wonkhe lokhona lapho endlini uyeati<br />
ngalokuphelele.<br />
51
Kufemba kubuye kwatiwe ngalelitsL kutsanyela. Uma uye kumfembi uye wati<br />
ngalokuphelele kutsi utsakatfwa ngubani, wakabanL ukubangisani nekutsi<br />
usebentisani uma akugadla. Kuye kuvele kutsi usebentisa sikhova. budzofo.<br />
bhejane, inkhonjane, emagundvwane nalokunye lokunyenti: Kuyavela nekutsi<br />
loyo logulako angelashwa njanL ngani, kuphinini, ngubani.<br />
Tangoma letetfwase esifundzaveni saseMpumalanga tibuye tifundziswe<br />
nekufemba. Umuntfu lowetfweswe tivenoma tilwanekuyekudzingeke kutsi aye<br />
kubafembi noma etangomeni letifembako kucala embikwekulashwa. Kumele<br />
elashwe sekwatiwa umsuka wekugula kwakhe nendlela lekumele elashwe<br />
ngayo kuze aphile.<br />
2.16 SANGOMA NENHLONIPHO<br />
Sangoma ngumuntfu lohloniphako nalohlonishwako. Siyakwati kusebentisa<br />
lulwimi ngendlela lejulile. lenotsile nalekhombisa kuhlonipha. Siyawati emasiko<br />
nemihambo yesive. Bugabazi besangoma bubonakala lapho sikhuluma<br />
nalabanye sisebentisa emagama lamnandzi lakhombisa inhlonipho. Bantfu<br />
labetayele kuhlonipha lapho bakhuluma yinkhosi lucobo Iwayo nabo bonkhe<br />
lebabambisene nayo emphakatsi. Emmangweni banurnzane. tangoma,<br />
bomalokatane, basebulandzeni nalabanye.<br />
2.16.1 Luhla Iwemagama enhlonipho<br />
(a) Sikhundla<br />
Inkhosi - inshesi; ingwenyama<br />
(b) Tlffo temtimba<br />
Sandia - semukelo; sankhiba<br />
Ukhala - imphumulo<br />
52
(e) Bantfu<br />
Emehlo - emaeaphelo; emakhangelo; emaeabuko<br />
Ematinyo - emalumo; emahlafuno<br />
Umlente - umsimamo<br />
Silevu - sihendze<br />
Umlomo - umgwinyo; umcitfo<br />
Buso - umnyabuko<br />
Utsambo - Luyeta; lieabo<br />
Sifuba - sineshe<br />
Umfana umkhaphelwane<br />
Umlungu umgeoki, umdzeshi<br />
Salukati sajukati<br />
Malokatana- majukatana<br />
Uehegu intata<br />
Ukholwa ligeoka<br />
Indvodza injeza<br />
(d) Lokwakhiwe<br />
Indlela<br />
Uhawu<br />
Sitsebe<br />
Ueansi<br />
Imbita<br />
Indlu<br />
(e) Tilwane tasekhaya<br />
imphambuko; inyatselo; inandvo<br />
inkhumba<br />
umgayelo<br />
Iwaluko; sieamba<br />
inkhayeko<br />
inkhiba<br />
Imbuti inkhuleko<br />
Inkhukhu<br />
Ukati<br />
Uhhashi<br />
imphandzamatala; imphandzela<br />
mangobe; ingewabi; imphonjane<br />
Iigibelo; ingadvula; inewabala<br />
53
(f)<br />
(g)<br />
Inkhomo<br />
Ukululu<br />
Tilwane tasendle<br />
Inyoni<br />
Inyoka<br />
Umgwaja<br />
Sikhonyane -<br />
Kwemvelo<br />
Emanti<br />
Sitiba<br />
Inyeti<br />
Sihlahla<br />
Ulanga<br />
Umoya<br />
Ematolo<br />
2.16.2 Tikhatsi tenhlonipho<br />
inyila; injilane; ineme<br />
Iicafela<br />
imphapha<br />
imphedvu<br />
umvundla<br />
sicwangubane<br />
emamphokoya; emankheta;<br />
emangeleti; emavoti; emayiwa;<br />
emajilimba<br />
sibhukudvo<br />
umbalela<br />
inyambi; umgawulo<br />
lidvonsela; imphakama; lijiko<br />
umheleto<br />
emacokama<br />
Kumele sati kutsi kuhlonishwa nlnl kuphi, njani. Inhlonipho iye ivele<br />
igcame etikhatsini letilandzelako:<br />
• UmaIigamalemnurnzane noma lenkhosana lifanana naloku<br />
lokukhulunywa ngako: Sihlahla; Mgwaja; Sandlane; Mfana<br />
nalamanye.<br />
54
2.16.3<br />
• Uma Iigama lamake wasekhaya Iifana<br />
lokukhulunywo ngako: Lomanti; Lomalongo;<br />
Lomatolo nalomanye.<br />
naloko<br />
Lomoyo;<br />
• Umo Iigamo lokhokho. mkhulu noma gogo Iifano<br />
nalokukhulunywo ngako: Mbita; Sikhonyane; Sitiba; Sifuba;<br />
Mlente nalamonye.<br />
• Kuhlonishwa silwane semnurnzone noma senkhosano<br />
lesiligugu njengelihhashi nenkhomo.<br />
• Uma kukhulunywa ngesibongo selikhoya lesifona naleti:<br />
Nyoni; Nyoka; Nkhomo; Langa; Moyo naletinye letinyenti.<br />
• Sangoma sihlonipha naloyo lesingenwe ngumoya wakhe<br />
kutsi setfwase. Sihlonipha Iigama nesibongo, bese<br />
sisebentisa lamanye emagama lopho sikhuluma.<br />
Kusetjentiswa kwemagama enhlonipho<br />
Emagama enhlonipho ngemagama lafona nalawo latayelekile<br />
langase1jentiswa ebunyeni nasebunyentini, emishweni nasetigabeni<br />
temabito kungobikhona umehluko. TIbonelo tekusebenta kwawo<br />
nguleti letilandzelako:<br />
55
(a) Bunye nebunyenti<br />
Bunve Bunventi<br />
Umvundla Imivundla<br />
Inkhuleka TInkhuleka .<br />
Imphapha TImphapha<br />
Ugibela Emagibela<br />
Ucafela Emacafela<br />
(b) Kusebenta emishweni leyehlukene<br />
Sangoma sihlabe inkhuleko lemhlophe.<br />
Bahlaselwe sicwangubane ehlanzeni.<br />
Emangeleti alomfula manyenti.<br />
Kuphuke inkhayeko yamake.<br />
(c) Kusebenta kweligama Iinye etindzaweni letinyenti temusho<br />
Imphapha indizile itala.<br />
Indizile imphapha itala.<br />
Indizile itala imphapha.<br />
(d) Tigaba temabito<br />
Imphedvu (9)<br />
Lwaluka (11)<br />
Ugibela (5)<br />
Umheleta (3)<br />
Sibhukudva (1)<br />
Emaluma (6)<br />
56
(e) Kusebenta kweligama Iinye Iivete titfo tenkhulumo<br />
letehlukene<br />
Inyatselo yinyatselo ngalabahamba kuyo.<br />
(Ubito nesibanjalo)<br />
Inkhuleko ikhulekwe esihlahleni.<br />
(Iibito nesento)<br />
(f) Kusebenta kwemagama enhlonipho lamabili emshweni.<br />
Babe ugibele Iigibelo ufuna tinjilane.<br />
(Uhhashi) (Tinkhomo)<br />
Sibhukudvo sigcwele emovoti.<br />
(Sitiba) (Emantl)<br />
(g) Kusebenta kwemagama lamatsatfu emshweni<br />
Babe ufuye tinkhuleko, tineme netingadvula.<br />
(Timbutl) (Tinkhomo) (Emahhashi)<br />
(h) Emagama enhlonipho odvwana emshweni<br />
Sikhangela injeza, intata nemkhaphelwane.<br />
(indvodza) (Uchegu) (Umfana)<br />
Ukhenye esicambeni<br />
(Uhletl) (Elicansini)<br />
57
(n) Kusebentisa emagama lasho intfo yinye ngenhloso<br />
yekugcizelela (kulandzela lenhlonipho)<br />
Uhhashi Iigibelo sibili!<br />
Sihlahla inyambi mkhwenyawetfu!<br />
(0) Kusebenta kweligama njengesibaluli<br />
Umuntfu lomphisholo uyahlonipha.<br />
(P) Kusebenta kweligama njengesabito sesibaluli<br />
Lomphisholo umuntfu uyahlonipha.<br />
(q) Kusebenta kweligama njengesibanjalo sesabito sesibaluli<br />
(r) Tisho<br />
Ngulomphisholo umuntfu lohloniphako.<br />
Emagamaenhloniphoangasetjentiswa ngetindlelaletinyenti<br />
futsi anikete imicondvo lemihle, lehehako nalemukelekako.<br />
Ngiko nje batsi atinotsisalulwimi ngenca yemisebenti yawo.<br />
Tisho tisimosekukhulumalesigcamisa kuhleleka kwemagama<br />
ngendlelaletsite leyetfulaumlayeto. Smith(1957: 13)uchaza<br />
tisho kanje:<br />
Particularly those forms of expression, of<br />
grammatical construction, of phrasing which<br />
are peculiar to a language, approved by its<br />
59
(s) Toga<br />
usage, although themeanings theyconveyare<br />
often differentfrom their grammaticalorlogical<br />
signification.<br />
Ukhono lekuseljentiswa kwelulwimi Iibuye Iigcanyiswe<br />
kusebenta kwetisho. Ilsho timisho lemifishane lesho intfo<br />
ngendlela lecondzile noma lejulile kulesinye sikhatsi.<br />
Tingemavi lamnandzi labonakala ngekucalisa ngesicalo<br />
sesigaba 15 ku-, kw-. Tisho tiyagucugucuka emishweni<br />
ngekulandzela tikhatsi (tenses). Tibonelo:<br />
Kukhatseka endlini<br />
Kukhwenya liwala<br />
Sisho etikhatsini letinyenti<br />
kungena endlini.<br />
kunatsa liwala.<br />
Babe ukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi sanyalo)<br />
Babeukhatsekeendlini. (Sikhatsi lesisandzakwendlula)<br />
Babe wakhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesendlulile)<br />
Babe utawukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesitawufika)<br />
Babe uyawukhatseka endlini. (Sikhatsi lesiyawufika)<br />
Kusebenta kwemagama enhlonipho kubuye kubonakale<br />
etageni tesiSwati. Tibonelo:<br />
Umvundla tiwuncandza embili. (Umgwaja)<br />
Sonusi sibonwa ngetinyongo. (Sangoma)<br />
Uphandza emadliza. (Ematfuna)<br />
60
(t) TInongo tenkhulumo<br />
Lapha sitawubuka tinongotenkhulumo letimbalwa, ikakhulu<br />
leta letigcamisa kwakheka kwangaphandle (external<br />
structure) kwemculumbhalo.<br />
i) Siphinclzasicu/lmphinclzasicu (Polyptoton)<br />
Kuphindza Iigama lelisuselwe esicwini sinye.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Timphapha tiphaphile tayewusitsela.<br />
Umheleto uhelete kamnandzi itolo.<br />
Emangelefi agelete busuku bonkhe.<br />
Ticu lekususelwe kuto emagama langetulu nguleti:<br />
phaph-, helet-, gelet-<br />
Ii) Siphinclzagama/lmphindzagama (Epanalepsis)<br />
Lapha kuphindvwe Iigama ekugcineni ngemuva<br />
kwekulisebentisa ekucaleni.<br />
TIbonelo:<br />
Umkhophelwanaukhuluma nemkhaphelwana.<br />
Imphedw ibukene nempheclvu.<br />
Udliza ngapha nangale Iidliza.<br />
Iii) Siphindzamusho/lmphindzamusho (Anfimetabole)<br />
61
,<br />
Kuphindvwa kwemusho ngekusebentisa emagama<br />
ngekuhleleka lokuhlaneketelene ngenhloso<br />
yekugcizelela simo lesitsile.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Ingwenyama ngumholi ngebantfu; bantfu basive<br />
ngengwenyama.<br />
Ungabuti kutsi live Iitawukwentelani; buta kutsi wena<br />
utawulentelani.<br />
Kumele udlele kuphila, hhayi kuphilela kudla.<br />
Iv) Luchumanomasoli<br />
Kuphindvwa kweligama linye emigceni<br />
lelandizelanako.<br />
Nginatse lamnandzi emamphokoya.<br />
Emamphokoya ekuphila kwaphakadze.<br />
Tinyilatigcwele emadlelweni,<br />
Nasetibayeni kugcwele tinyila.<br />
v) Luchumanosiphambano<br />
Kuphindvwa kweligama Iinye kanyenti kuze kuvele<br />
simo sesiphambano emigceni lelandzelanako.<br />
Ucabo lelinemnkantja ngilo kanye /icabo.<br />
Ucabo lelingenamnkantja akusilo nani Iicabo.<br />
62
vi) Inhlonipho yemihla ngemihla<br />
Sangoma ngumuntfu owatisa inhlonipho ngendlela<br />
lemangalisako. Lapho sangoma sitfwasa kubuye<br />
kugcizelelwe inhlonipho kuyo yonkhe intfo<br />
leyenfiwako.<br />
Timphawu tenhlonipho letafiwako ngulefi<br />
letilandzelako:<br />
• Kungabuki umuntfu efinhlavini temehlo<br />
lapho kukhulunvwc nave;<br />
• Kungacedzi findzaba urnlle. kumele<br />
kuhla/we phasi kutintwe noma<br />
kukhotsanywe kancane;<br />
• Kungakhulumeli etulu ngobe lake<br />
kucosha emadlofiekhayanomaadvube,<br />
aletse emashwa;<br />
• Kunganatsi emanti noma kudlo ume<br />
ngobe lake kusicalekiso kulabalele;<br />
• Kulandvula Iigwayi kucala<br />
embikwekumniketa love lolicelako;<br />
• Kukhipha butsi etjwaleni kucala<br />
embikwekuniketa Iibandla;<br />
• Uma ucoba inyama kumele Iicatsa<br />
lekucala Iidliwe nguwe kucala;<br />
• Kungadli kudla tandla nebuso<br />
kungakagezwa;<br />
• Kuguca ngemadvoloumaungenaemfini<br />
webantfu;<br />
63
• Kungemukeli intfo lewuniketwa yona<br />
ngesandla sinye noma sesancele;<br />
• Kungayishaneli indlu igcwele Iibandla;<br />
• Kungangeni emtinl webantfu<br />
ungakakhulekeli;<br />
• Uma kushoniwe akubangwa urnsindvo.<br />
akubhulwa futsi akugidvwa;<br />
• Uma uniketwe intfo ngumuntfu<br />
uyabonga, kepho uma unikwe<br />
emakhatsakhatsa goma awubongi futsi<br />
awuvalelisi nalapho sewuhamba kanye<br />
ne;<br />
• Kubita umuntfu ngesibongo, sinanatelo<br />
noma ngelibutfo lakhe. Tibonelo:<br />
Sibonao Sinanotelo Libulfo Inawenvama<br />
Msibi Ndlondlo Tinjojeio Mbondzeni<br />
Lubisi Ngceshe Bohhonduli Mohlokohio<br />
Ngornone Mshiko Bolondolozi Mswati II<br />
Mhlongo Khoboko Emohubhulu Somhlolo<br />
Mdluli Bhekiswoko Lucucobo Ndvungunyo<br />
Mlsetfwo Nvombose Gclno Sobhuzoll<br />
Lubisi (2002: 183) uniketa umbonogcogca ngenhlonipho<br />
nesibongo ngekubeka kanje:<br />
Kubuye kwOOo/aka/a futsi kutsi sibongo<br />
Siba/u/eke ind/e/a /ecakile emaSwatini.<br />
/ngani esikhatsini /esinyenti sibongo kusuke<br />
kuligama lemsunguli wa/eso sive. Kantsi<br />
kubukiwe futsi kutsi nawukhu/eke/a ungena<br />
emtini wemnumzane ubita tinsika ta/e/o khaya<br />
ngekwe/amana kwato. Nanobe kubuswa<br />
ekhaya /elitsite kubongwa tinsika taleto<br />
khaya. Loko kukhombisa kutsi emaSwati<br />
64
2.17 SIPHETFO<br />
inh/onipho yintfo totowa nayo /esengatini.<br />
Kutsinya/o bantfu sebete inh/onipho empe/eni<br />
kubonaka/a kwangatsi babange/wa ngu/aba<br />
bekubu/wa tinhlitiyo ngobe bona kuqo inh/onipho<br />
ayatiwa nani.<br />
Inhlonipho inendzima lebantiesivenisemaSwatingekutsintsa<br />
emasiko, imihambo nekwenta kwebantfu besive. Iyinchubo<br />
lelandzelwa ngubobonkhebantfu: labodzala nalabancane<br />
ngendlela lelinganako.<br />
Umsebenti wetangoma mukhulu esiveni sonkhejikelele ngekutsintsa imikhakha<br />
leminyenti yemphilo: imphilo, inhlalakahle, umtsetfo, emasiko nenchuboyesive.<br />
Lokuphawulekako kutsi umsebenti webungoma lubito futsi utsintsa emadloti<br />
onkhe kusukela edlotini lelikhulu uMdali kuye kulandzele onkhe lamanye<br />
lekubokhokho babokhokho, bomkhulu, bogogo nalabanye lasebalala<br />
nalabaphilako. lnhloso yalomsebenti kuletsa imphilo lapho imphilo ingekho<br />
khona; kuletsa kuthula, bunye, intfutfuko nenhlalakahle laphokungekho khona;<br />
kuletsa umtsetfo nebulungiswa laphokungekho khona nekukhutsata kusebenta<br />
kwemasiko nenchubo yelive ngendlela lenhle naletfokotisako.<br />
Kuyajabulisa kubona imisebenti leminyenti lechumene nekunotsa kwelulwimi<br />
kusukela ekutfwaseni kuye kufinyelele ekugogodzeni kwesangoma lapho<br />
sesenta yonkhe imisebenti lesijuliwe ngemadloti kutsi siyente. Lokugcamako<br />
kutsi lona ngumsebenti wetikhutsali, wemanono, wemagabazi netinhlelembisl.<br />
Tangoma tichumanisa emadloti ngetibongo, ngetibongelelo, ngetinanatelo<br />
nangebugagu bate ekubekeni emavi. Inhlonipho sisekelo semsebenti<br />
65
webungoma. ngoba kuze uchubeke kumele kugcame yona kusukela<br />
ekukhulumeni nasekwenteni.<br />
Imphilo yebungoma yesekelwe ngemasiko. inchubomigomo nemitsetfo yabo<br />
leyatiwa ngenhloko ngobe ingamange ibhalwe phasi. Itsintsa tangoma<br />
nemadloti kusukela kwetfwaswa kuze kufinyelelwe ekusebenteni kwetangoma<br />
lekumele kubonakale ngekungena kwebantfu batewufuna lusito futsi bagcine<br />
basitakele: labagulakobaphile. labalahlekelwebakutfoleloko lokubalahlekele;<br />
labadzangele batfole intfokoto. labangenalwati bobenelwctt lolujulile.<br />
66
SEHLUK03<br />
3.0 nNGCIKlTSI TETlNGOMA NEBUNKONDLO BATO<br />
3.1 SINGENISO<br />
Tinyenti tingcikitsi letivelako etingomeni tetangoma. Leyo naleyongoma<br />
yengcisa umlayeto lotsite. Kungaba ngumlayeto lomuhle noma lornubi,<br />
lokhutsatako noma lojivatako. lobalulekile noma longakabaluleki, lowakhako<br />
noma lobhidlitako.<br />
Tingeikitsi timele imikhakhayemphiloleyehlukene. Imphiloayihlali isesimeni sinye<br />
njalo. ihlanganisa buhle nebubl kugcama nekufiphala. kukhululeka<br />
nekubopheka emphefumulweni nasekwenteni tintfo. Tingcitsi tisibuko semphilo<br />
yebantfu letsintsa lrnfundvo, umbusave. inhlalo. lnkholo, lutsandvo. umlandvo.<br />
imvelo. kubalisa. kukhutsata nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />
Kasenene (1993: 35) uphawula ngemeulo esiveni semaSwati utsi:<br />
The Swazis are a singing people and much of their music has a<br />
religious content. There are several occasions when people sing<br />
anddance..... Some ofthe songs sung aresacredandmaynotbe<br />
sung on ordinary occasions. The words ofthese songs express the<br />
SwazibeliefsaboutGod. ancestorsor otheraspectsofthepeople's<br />
faith.<br />
Tingoma tiyindlela yekuveta imiva yesangoma. Etingomeni kulapho sitfola<br />
khona bunjalo besimo semphilo. Tingoma tihambisana nemiva kanye<br />
netitfoluvelo Iwetangoma. TIngoma tibuye tihambisane nekugidza<br />
lokwehlukene kwetangoma lekukhombisa Iikhono leliselizingeni lelisetulu.<br />
67
EmaSwati lamanyenti atiwa kokhulu ngaloku:<br />
• kuhlabela;<br />
• nekugidza.<br />
Kokubili kueishe kufanane nelisiko lesive ngobe kucala ebuntfwaneni raphe<br />
kushiwo imilolotelo, kwendlulelwe etilandzelweni kugcine kufinyelelwe<br />
etingomeni. Kuto tonkhetigabatekukhula kwemntfwana kugeama kuhlabelela<br />
nekugidza.<br />
3.2 KUGIDZA KWETANGOMA<br />
USwati usuke ulibeke khona lapho uliljela ngekugidza. Tangoma tiye tigidze<br />
bungoma nje ngoOO sekwendvulelwe nguletinye tinhlobo tekugidza letifana<br />
nemsobozo nemchuchumbelo lokugidvwa kakhulu ngulabasikati; umphicilo<br />
lewubuye watiwe ngekutsi ngumasontsana ngenea yekunyakatisa umtimba<br />
ugcine usontsasontseke kukhale Iihlombe kulabo lababukele. Letinye tinhlobo<br />
tekugidza .inkhombane lapho kukhonjwa ngetindvuku ngekulandzela sigel<br />
semeulo kubuywe kunyakatiswe imitimba kushaywe ngelunyawo kwekucala<br />
phasi, bese kulandzelalolunyekuvakale sigci. Kugacafela kugidza kwelicembu<br />
ngemandla kushaywe phasi ngetinyawo kubuye kuyiwe embili sengatsi<br />
kusikitwa sltso, kubuye kuhlehlwe kucalwe kabusha. Emadloti angena<br />
etangomeni tibe setinelwati Iwetinhlobonhlobo tekugidza.<br />
Kugidza kwetangoma kuhlanganisa kunyakata kwetandla, tinyawo, imilente,<br />
inhloko nemtimba wonkhe. Uma tangoma tisesengematfwasana tihlehla<br />
ekuseni ngembulukusa, tihlehle emini tibuye tihlehle ntsambama. Lapho<br />
setigogodzile tiye tigidze kanye ngelilanga. Kugidza nekuhlabelela<br />
kuyahambisana.<br />
68
Ingeikitsi yelieulo iye igeamise imiva netimoluvelo. Tangoma tinemakhono<br />
ekueamba tingoma. Kulesa naleso sikhupha kuba netingoma letinsha<br />
letieanjwako letengeta kuleti letatiwako naletetayelekile (standard songs).<br />
Umatangomatieula ingomatisuketengcisa umbiko lotsite. Leyo naleyo ngoma<br />
inembiko leyiwuphetse lekumele uehazwe kuze ivakale kahle.<br />
3.3 IMIBIKOETINGOMENI<br />
Engomeni letsi, Ngifundzisekugeama sice/o. Sangoma sieela kugogowaso kutsi<br />
asisite asifundzise umsebenti webungoma. sigeine siwati ngalokuphelele.<br />
Kubonakala sengatsi singenwe ngugogo waso.<br />
Sieelo sibuye sivele engomeni letsl, Indlela lapho sieela labadzala kutsi basisite<br />
sibone indlela lefanele noma timo tilukhuni. Sieelo sibuye sivakale engomeni<br />
letsl Ngivuleleni lapho sangoma steela indlela kubogogo nabomkhulu baso<br />
yekuyewugubha imitsi etigangeni nasetintsabeni.<br />
Engomeni letsl, Makhehla sibona kutinikela emadlotini lapho itsi:<br />
Ngingewenu kukubi kukuhle.<br />
Ngingewenu Iishisa Iigueubele .<br />
Lapha sangoma siveta kunamatsela kwaso enehubeni yemadloti ngekutsi sitsi<br />
noma timo temphilo titimbi. noma titinhle angeke sehlukane nayo. Lokunye<br />
kutinikela kubuye kugeame engomeni letsl, Udlofflami lapho itsi:<br />
Ngingumntfwane madloti:<br />
Angisekele ngapha nangaIe ....<br />
69
Tingoma letinyenti letikhombisa kufundzisa. kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi tiveta<br />
sicelo nekutinikela. Tangoma bantfu labaphila ngekucela emadlotini njalo.<br />
Ngebantfu labatinikele emadlotini njalo. Akukho lokwentiwa tangoma<br />
kugcame tona ngaphandle kwekutsi titsi: Sitawucela kulabadzala . . . .<br />
sitawucelakubomkhulunabogogo... sitawucelaemakhehleni... Atigcini lapho<br />
tiye tichubeke titsi: Labadzala batawusicelela eDlotininchanti noma<br />
kuMvelinchanti ...<br />
Emadloti ahlonishwa kakhulu esiveni. Emadloti ngemagugu esive ngako-ke<br />
akukhulunywa kabi ngawo. Uma kukhulunywa kwatsintfwa ligama lelitsi.<br />
lidlotkuye kuzotfwe, kuhlalwe phansi. Ngiko nje uMvelinchanti ayamaniswa<br />
nemadloti, kepha vena ubitwa ngeligugunchanti lelidale lamanye emagugu.<br />
Emadloti ayahlaljelwa lapho:<br />
• KUbongwa imphilo; kusindza engotini; kukhula kwebantfwana;<br />
kuphumelela kwetinhloso nalokunye. Kuyenteka kube nemuntfu<br />
wemndeni losagule sikhotsi lesidze angasindzi, kwentiwa tonkhe taba<br />
tekusindzisa imphilo yakhe kepha kufanane nekutsela emanti emhlane<br />
welidada. Lowo muntfu uye acelelwe indlela kutsi ayewuphumula<br />
nalabadzala ngekutsi kuhlaljwe. Loko lokuhlatjiwe noma kusilwane sini<br />
kutsiwa sice/andie/a.<br />
• Kushweleta emadlotini ngesento lesibi lesiye senteka lesifana nekulwa.<br />
kuhlambalatana, kuphendvula umuntfu lomdzala, kweca umyalo.<br />
nalokunye.<br />
Kuhlatjelwa kwemadloti bekwentiwa endvulo, kusentiwa nalamuhla.<br />
kusatawukwentiwa nangemuso. Emadloti ahlaljelwa ngemuva kwekutfola<br />
umyalo lophelele etangomeni lewushoko kutsi kumele umsebenti uchutjwe<br />
njani. Kukholelwa ekutsini tonkhe tinhlanhla tichamuka emadlotini. kantsi<br />
70
emashwa avela ngobe kuyinffukulselo yemadloti. Silwane lesihlatjwako uma<br />
kucelwa, kubongwa noma kushweletwa seffulwa ngulomdzala ekhaya<br />
emadlotini ngekutsi:<br />
• asho tibongo;<br />
• abite emadloti lamanye langamange atsintseke lapho asho tibongo<br />
abuye<br />
• effule imphahla embikwekulsi ihlatjwe.<br />
Inyama yemadloti kuye kudzingeke kutsi i1ale kucala embikwekuyidla. Ibekwa<br />
emsamo lapho kusukwe kubhunyiswe imphepho, sibitadloti. Kusuke kubekwe<br />
bunatfo neliffongwane. sitja seligwayi letimphumulo. Imphepho ibitwa<br />
ngaleligama nje ngobe iphephetsa bomoya lababi bahambe, bese indvonsa<br />
noma ibita emadloti. Uftongwane sitja lesicukatsa kudla kwalabadzala<br />
lababuye batiwe ngekutsi ematfongo. Lesitja sibitwa ngaleligama nje ngobe<br />
kuhlonishwa ematfongo. Lenye inyama i1engiswa emshayweni wendlu<br />
yemadloti.<br />
Tangoma ngebacambi betingoma labakhulu. Kucamba tingoma siphiwo<br />
lesingakavami ebantfwini labanyenti, kepha tangoma tinetiphiwo tekucamba<br />
netekugidza. Lokunyentilokwentiwatangoma kusukekugunyatwe ngemadloti.<br />
3.4 WHLA LWETINGOMA NGEKWETlNGCIKlTSI TATO<br />
3.4.1 Kufundzisa. kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi<br />
Lapha kugcogcelwe ndzawonye tingoma letigcamisa kurundzso,<br />
kukhutsata nekumisa sibindzi. Emandla emadloti ekuniketeni lusito<br />
lokucelwako avela kakhulu etingomeni nekutinikela kwetangoma<br />
emadlotini kuyagcama. Imiva yetangoma ivakala kahle etingomeni.<br />
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Imibono yetangoma ivela ngetingoma. Kubalulekile kutsi tingoma<br />
tilalelisiswe kahle kuze kuvakale imibiko lendluliswako.<br />
T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />
(a) Ngifundzise<br />
Ngifundzise dloti lornt<br />
Ngifundzise gogo wami,<br />
Emogumbi lamon' emhlaba<br />
Agcolotel' imisebenti yami,<br />
Ngifundzise dloti lemadloti.<br />
(b) Indlela<br />
Ngibonis' indlela khokho,<br />
Ngibonis' indlela mkhulu,<br />
Ngibonis' indlela babe,<br />
Nom' emehlo afiphele.<br />
Nom' emadvundv' advundvubele,<br />
Ngibonis' indlela, ngibonise.<br />
(c) Ngivuleleni<br />
Ngivulelen'inyatselo.<br />
Ngiy' etigangeni ngiyewugubha,<br />
Ngiye' etintsabeni ngiyewugubho,<br />
Ylvulenl bogogo,<br />
Yivuleni bomkhulu.<br />
Lopha kuvetwe tibonelo letintsatfu kuphelo. Tibonelo letinyenti tifakwe<br />
ngaphasi kwesichibiyelo. Kuleyo noleyongoma kunemakhono lamohle<br />
lagcamako nemicondvo lejulile. Lokuphowulekako kutsi ekungomeni<br />
letinyenti kugcama butsatfu kanjena: sangoma, emodloti neMdali.<br />
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3.4.2 Kubalisa, umbusave nesimo senhlalo<br />
Kubalisa kuvamile kakhulu lapho tangoma tisengematfwasana.<br />
Kubalisa kuvetwa yimphatfo yasesikhupheni lenesandla lesicinacinile<br />
nomasihlukwana lesentatinhlitiyo tematfwasanatihlale tingakakhuluieki.<br />
Umbusave ugcama etangomeni lesetigogodzile ngobe tisuke setibuke<br />
imphilo yelive injengobe injalo.<br />
T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />
(a) Imphangele<br />
Ngigcwele tiganga<br />
Ngiphendvuk' imphangele<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lami,<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />
(b) Ncedze<br />
Ningibona nginguncedze<br />
Ngentiwa Iidloti,<br />
Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />
Ngencobile Iidloti.<br />
(c) Bobabe bakhashane<br />
Bobabe bakhashane,<br />
Bakhashane,<br />
Bobabe baseMgobodzi,<br />
Bakhashane,<br />
Bobabe baseMhlume,<br />
Bakhashane.<br />
LUhla !olunye Iwetingoma luyawutfolakala esichibiyelweni. Kuloluhla<br />
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Iwetingoma kulapho kugcama khona kutsi kuvele waphi emakhono<br />
ngenhloso yekugcamisa kubollso. simo senhlalo nembusave. TIngcikitsi<br />
letehlukene tikhombisa kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lobuka imphilo ngeliso<br />
lelijulileemikhakheni yonkheyemphilo. Lokukukhombisa ngalokuphelele<br />
kutsi sangoma ngumuntfu lonemcondvolojulile, lohlelekile nalowenabile.<br />
3.4.3 Lutsanclvo, bunye nelubumbono<br />
Lutsandvoluvela emikhakheni leminyenti yemphilo ngekutsintsa lusendvo,<br />
labaphilakonalabangematfongo, lutsandvo Iwetitsandzani. Iwemsebenti,<br />
Iwekuhlanganyela ndzawonye noma Iwekusebentisana. Lapha<br />
kugcama bunye nelubumbano Iwelusendvo, IwemndenL<br />
Iwematfwasana nabogobela nemadloti. Lutsandvo, bunye<br />
nelubumbano luveta bubili kanje: Iitfwasana-gobela; Iitfwasana<br />
emadlot!; gobela-emadloti; Iisoka-intfombi; litfwasana-umndeni<br />
nalobunye.<br />
T1BONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />
(a) Ningitsandzile<br />
Ningitsandzile lobodzclo,<br />
Ningitsandzile bokhokho bornl<br />
Lamuhla ngiphetse sikhwama,<br />
Sikhwama senu labadzala,<br />
Senu bokhokho bami.<br />
(b) Soka lami<br />
Yesoko lornl,<br />
Ungishiyewangifulatsela,<br />
Sicaljaniswa !idiot! tornt<br />
Hamba uyewushona<br />
74
Uyewushona mshiya Iowa<br />
Yesoka lami.<br />
(c) Bogogo<br />
Ningiwetile ... ningiwetile,<br />
Bogogo ningiwetile,<br />
Sengingesheya kwemfula<br />
Ngelufsandvo Iwenu bogogo,<br />
Sengingesheya kwemfula.<br />
Kuhlabela kwesangoma kweyamele emisebentini yaso lesiyenta<br />
ngekwefsembeka lefana nalena:<br />
•<br />
Kutfwasa/kutfwasisa;<br />
• Kugcaba/Kugata;<br />
• Kuphahla;<br />
• Kufemba;<br />
• Kuhlahluba/kuphengula;<br />
• Kulumeka;<br />
• Kunuka;<br />
• Kuguzela;<br />
• Nekumunya.<br />
Uma sangoma sicula sisuke sitilungiselele ngalokuphelele kuveta imiva<br />
yaso. Etimgomeni kufsintfwa konkhe lokuphatse!ene nebungoma<br />
lekufana nekuguzela: kucosha bomoya lababi ngekuhlabela nekushaya<br />
emanijomane. Bugabazi betangoma buye bubonakale kahle uma<br />
kungumgidvo noma Iijadvu lato. TIsuke tibonakala ngelidvumane,<br />
tayendle, umngamazi lokungumgaco lotfungelwe timphonjwana<br />
netigujana letinemitsi lefsite.<br />
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3.4.4 Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />
Engomeni letsl Makhos' Ami kuhlatjelelwa ngemakhosi labusa<br />
ngaleminyaka: Ndvungunye(1790- 1815), Somhlolo (1815 - 1836), Mswati<br />
(1840 - 1865), Mbandzeni (1875 - 1889), Mahlokohla (1890 - 1899)<br />
naSobhuza II (1921 -1982).<br />
Inkholo nemlandvokuyahambelanangobekutsintsa ban1fu netigameko.<br />
Kutsintsa Iidlotinchanti, uMvelinchanti nemakhosi esive. Tlnkholelonguloko<br />
lokwentiwa bantfu ngobe bakholelwa kuko noma bakwemukele<br />
njengetigameko noma tento emphilweni.<br />
TIBONELO LETlNTSATFU:<br />
(a) Tfuma Mine<br />
Tfuma mine; 1fuma mine,<br />
Tfuma mine, 1fuma mine,<br />
Tfuma mine, 1fuma mine<br />
Ngiyavuma, ngiyavuma,<br />
Sengiyavuma Nkhosi yami.<br />
(b) Ngwane<br />
(c) Babe<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />
Sihlanganise sive,<br />
Sihlanganise Ngwane.<br />
Babe wami '" Babe wcml,<br />
Ngiholele kulaluhlata<br />
Ngiyewukwenta njengekwelayeta<br />
76
Kwelayeta kwakho Babe.<br />
Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />
Kukhona bantfu labakholelwa ekutsini inkholo yebuKhrestu ayichumani<br />
nebungoma. Leyo yinkholelo lengenaliciniso ngobe tangoma tadalwa<br />
nguMdali, tisebentisa imitsi ledalwe nguMdali futsi telapha bantfu<br />
beMdal!.<br />
Akusilula kwehlukanisa inkholo, tinkholelo, emasiko nemihambo yesive<br />
ngobe konkhe kugcina kuchumene kwakhe sisekelo semphilo nebunye<br />
lobugcamisa buntfu. EmaSwati abevele akhonta uMvelinchanti<br />
ngendlela yemadloti kusukela kadzeni. Labo labaye batsi emaSwati<br />
akhontaemadloti basukesebadlebutsilobafika netifiki ngobebacondze<br />
kudvonsela phansi emasiko nenchubo yesive.<br />
Uphimbo lemuntfu loliSwati uye ulive nalibita uMdali kutsi Iiye lehluke<br />
ngobe Iisuke Iikhombisa inhlonipho nekudvumisa. Ubitwa<br />
ngaiawamagama: Dloti lelikhulu, Mvelinchanti, LoseTulu, Somandla,<br />
Simakadze, Babe LoseTulu, Mninimandla, Mcalisi nalamanye.<br />
Inkholo ivela igcame etingomeni letilandzelako: Tfuma Mine, Babe,<br />
Dlotinchanti naletinye. Umlandvo uvela kohle. kuleti letilandzelako:<br />
Ngwane, Bhuza, Makhos'ami naletinye. Inkholelo siyiva etingomeni<br />
letilandzelako: Inhlanga naletsi Ungumtsakatsi.<br />
3.4.5 Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo<br />
Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo kuyahambelana futsi kwetayelekile<br />
etingomeni tetangoma ngoba kusibuko kutsi emadloti bantfu labanjan!.<br />
Esikhatsini lesinyenti Iidloti litiveta ngelulaka, ngemandla nesibindzi. Loko<br />
77
sikubona ngetigameko letisuke tigunyafwe ngemadloti.<br />
TIBONELO LETINTSATFU:<br />
(a) Emandla<br />
Emand!' elidloti<br />
Akumelwana nowo,<br />
Emandl' elidloti<br />
Akumelwana nawo.<br />
(b) Kagogo<br />
Kagogo<br />
Emphandzeni yemphilo vornt<br />
Ngiyaya!<br />
Ngiyaya!<br />
Emphandzeni yemphilo yami,<br />
Kagogo.<br />
(c) Emuva<br />
Angisayi emuva<br />
Emuva angisayi,<br />
Embili dloti lornl<br />
Embiligogo wami.<br />
Emandla nelulaka kuvefwe kusetjentiswa kwemagama lafana nalawa:<br />
ind/ondlolenelusiba, gOOO/o, lidlotinalamanye. Lapha kukhetfwe silwane<br />
lesinelulaka futsi lesiyingoti ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. indlondlo. Esikhatsini<br />
lesinyenti goOOla kuba ngumuntfu lonelulaka futsi lonesandla lesicinile<br />
ngoOO entela kutsi tonkhe tintfo latikhulumako tenteke ngesikhatsi<br />
lesifanele nangendlela lefanele. Lulaka nemandla elidloti agcama<br />
ngetigameko letinhle naletimbi letiye tenteke emphilweni yemuntfu.<br />
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Inkhani, emandla nekubelesela kugcama kuto tonkhe tingoma<br />
leffgcogcelwe ngaphasi kwalengcikitsi. Loko singakuhlolisisa engomeni<br />
letsl, sibindzi. Kutsintfwa fflwane leffnemandla futsi leffnenkhani lefffana<br />
nengwenya, inyatsi nengwe. Tento nebunjalo betilwane letibalwe<br />
ngenhla kugcamisa ingcikitsi lehambisana nemfutfo, umdlandla<br />
nekuffnikela.<br />
Uma sangoma sihlabela lengoma kugcama inkhani, emandla<br />
nekutinikela kwaso lokubonwa balaleli kuntjintjeke nemiva yabo bonkhe<br />
labasenkhundleni.<br />
3.5 EMASU EKWAKHEKA KWETlNGOMA<br />
Manyenff emakhono lagcamile ekwakhiweni kweffngoma, kepha lapha<br />
sitawubuka lawo latfolakala effngomeni leffnyenff: kuhleleka kwemigca,<br />
timvumelwano, kuchumana, imphindvwa nalamanye.<br />
3.5.] Kuhleleka Icwemigca<br />
Usu leligcamile effngomeni leffnyenff ngulelo lekubuka umugca<br />
ngamunye kanje:<br />
Inkhulumosisusa/Sita1imende: Ningibona nginguncedze,<br />
5engetelelo : Ngentiwa lldlott<br />
Sikhuliso : Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />
Sipheffo : Ngincobile Iidloff.<br />
Ngenhla sihlatiye ingomatetsiNcedzesibuka kwakheka kwayo lekutsintsa<br />
inkhulumosisusa, sengetelelo, sikhuliso nesiphetfo.<br />
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Lelisu sibuye silibone engomeni letsi, Ngiwete:<br />
Inkhulumosisuso<br />
5engefelelo<br />
Sikhuliso<br />
Siphetfo<br />
Ngiwete dloti loml<br />
Ngiwelele ngesheya.<br />
Ngesheya kweLubhalule,<br />
Lolungawelwa muntfu phaca.<br />
Engomeni letsl, Hlangonani imigca ihleleke kanje:<br />
Inkhulumosisuso<br />
5engefelelo<br />
Sikhuliso<br />
Siphetfo<br />
Hlanganani sive,<br />
Hlanganani nibe munye,<br />
Hlanganani nibuswe bunye.<br />
Hlanganani nikhulume ngebunye.<br />
Akusito tonkhe tingoma letilandzela lellsu ngobe letinye tigcamisa<br />
kuphindvwa kwenkhulumosisusa kanye noma kabili bese kulandzela<br />
sikhuliso nesiphetfo. Ingoma letsl, Ngwane ihleleke kanje.<br />
Inkhulumosisuso<br />
Inkhulumosisuso<br />
Sikhuliso<br />
Siphetfo<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso.<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />
Sihlanganise slve,<br />
Sihlanganise Ngwane.<br />
Lesinye sibonelo ngulesigcame engomeni yenkholo letsi. Tfuma Mine<br />
lapho kuhlatjelwa kanje:<br />
Inkhulumosisuso<br />
Sikhuliso<br />
Siphetfo<br />
Tfuma mine; tfuma mine. Tfuma mine; tfuma<br />
mine, Tfuma mine; tfuma mine,<br />
Ngiyavuma. ngiyavuma,<br />
Sengiyavuma Nkhosiyami.<br />
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Leyo naleyongoma Icoco Indzaba Jetsile ngelisu lengoma. KubaluJekile<br />
kutsi kubuklslswe kuhleleka kwetakhi, emagama nemigca<br />
embikwekufinyelela engcikitsini lephelele yengoma. Kuhleleka<br />
kwetingoma lokwentiwelaphaakusiso simbelambela, ngako-ke kukhona<br />
letinye tingoma letigabancako tibuye tingene kuletinye tingclkitsi.<br />
3.5.2 Timwmelwano<br />
Timvumelwanotakhi tenkhulumo letiyetibonakaleemagameni engoma.<br />
Tinhlobo tetimvumelwano letetayelekile nguleti letilandzelako:<br />
imvumelwanosicalo, imvumelwanomkhafsini nemvumelwanosigcino.<br />
(a) Imwmelwanosicalo<br />
Imvumelwanosicalo iye ibonakaleekucaleni kweligama lengoma.<br />
Kuye kube takhi letifananako letisetjentiswe emigceni<br />
lelandzelanako.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Ngingumntfwana wenhlanga<br />
Ngiluliswe nkhetihlahla ....<br />
(Inhlanga)<br />
Ngibuke Dlotinchanti,<br />
Ngihole etindleleni takho ...<br />
(Dlotinchanh)<br />
Kwahlangan' emadloti,<br />
Kwasabalal' im/moya lemibi ...<br />
(Indlondlo lenelusiba)<br />
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(b) Imwmelwanosicalo leyecako<br />
Imvumelwanosicalo leyecako ikhombisa kuse1jentiswa kwetakhi<br />
emagameni langafanani, kweciwa umugca.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Ngesibindzi sengwenyama,<br />
Ngemandla enyatsi ....<br />
(Sibindzi)<br />
Ngiyawuyibamba njalo dloti lorni,<br />
Ngiyawuwela.<br />
(Ngiyawuyibamba)<br />
(c) Imwmelwanomkhatsini<br />
Imvumelwano letfolakala emkhatsini wemagama lasemigceni<br />
lelandzelanako. Lapha sitfola takhi letifananako letisebente<br />
emagameni lehlukene.<br />
Tlbonelo:<br />
Dloti lemfundvumalo lengapheli,<br />
Dloti lelutsandvo lolungapheli.<br />
(Ngiwete)<br />
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Hlanganani nibe munye,<br />
Hlanganani nibuswe bunye.<br />
(Hlanganani)<br />
(d) Imvumelwanomkhatsini leyecako<br />
LoluhloboIwemvumelwanolubonakalaemagameni lasemkhatsini<br />
emigceni lemibili lengalandzelani nomaleyehlukwanisweumugca.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Siyawulivusa ngenkhani,<br />
Siyawulivusa ngemandla<br />
(Utile)<br />
Pho, buyaphikelela,<br />
Wo, buyoshoshela.<br />
(Siyawuhlangana)<br />
(e) Imvumelwanosigcino<br />
lofuhlobo Iwemvume(wano fubonokalo ekugcineni kwemigco<br />
Ielandzelanako. Takhi letifanonakotibonakalaemigceni longenhlo<br />
nalongenfosi.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Embili dloti lami,<br />
Embili gogo wami<br />
(Emuvo)<br />
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Hlanganani nibe munye<br />
Hlanganani nibuswe bunye...<br />
(Hlanganani)<br />
Ngiholel' emaweni,<br />
Ngiholel' etintsabeni ...<br />
(Emaweni)<br />
Babe ungishiyile<br />
Make uhambile .,.<br />
(Bangishiyile)<br />
(f) Imvumelwanosigcino leyecako<br />
Lena yimvumelwano lebonakala ngekwehlukaniswa umugca.<br />
Takhi tibonakala emigceni lemibili lengalandzelani. noma<br />
leyehlukaniswe umugca lowehlukile emkhatsini.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Asibambane tfongo lami,<br />
Asibambane mholi wami ...<br />
(Asibambane)<br />
Ngihlab' umkhosi webunye<br />
Ngwane wemahlabatsi simunye<br />
(Simunye)<br />
Ugcwel' ebagcoki;<br />
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Ugcwer ebachamuki ...<br />
(live)<br />
Timvumelwano tiletsa sigci engomeni. Sigci sigcanyiswa takhi<br />
letifananako letiseljentiswe ekucaleni. ekhatsi nasekugcineni kwemigca.<br />
Uma sibuka takhi sisuke sikhuluma ngetimvumelwano. kantsi uma<br />
sikhuluma ngemagama laphelele sicondzise eluchumanweni.<br />
3.5.3 Luchumano<br />
Kusebentakweligama Iinyeemigcenilelandzelanako kutsiwaluchumano.<br />
Indzawo lekuseljentiswe kuyo emagama iveta luhlobo Iwekuchumana<br />
noma Iweluchumano. Thwala (2000: 232) uphawula ngekuseljentiswa<br />
kwemagama emigceni lelandzelanako kanje:<br />
This is a type of scheme which looks at balance in a<br />
corresponding opposing orantithetical way. .. The pattem<br />
of poetic diction carries a parallelism of the members or<br />
parallellsimusmembrorum. This is an ordering ofthe ideas or<br />
intentions expressed in the two lines. It is. however. stressed<br />
that parallelism creates regularity, rhythm and focuses<br />
attention on the main point.<br />
Tinhlobo letetayelekile teluchumano:<br />
luchumanomkhatsini neluchumanosigcino.<br />
(a) Luchumanosicalo<br />
luchumanosicalo.<br />
Luchumanosicalo lubonakala ekucaleni kwemigca<br />
lelandzelanako. Uyaseljentiswa Iigama noma likhombisa titfo<br />
tenkhulumo letingafani. Noko tibonelo letinyenti teluchumano<br />
85
letikuletingoma tikhonjiswa titfo tenkhulumo letifananako.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Vuma mntfwanelidloti<br />
Vuma kulabalele ...<br />
(Vuma)<br />
Ningifsandzile labadzala,<br />
Ningifsandzile bokhokho bami ...<br />
(Ningitsandzile)<br />
Buya sitewuticeketsa,<br />
Buya mtsakatsi wetigodvo ...<br />
(Yerntsokotsl)<br />
(b) Luchumanosicalo lolwecako<br />
Lapha kuye kuseljentiswe Iigama Iinye emigceni lengalandzelani<br />
noma leyehlukaniswe ngumugca munye lowehlukile.<br />
Tibanelo:<br />
Nom' uchamuka kaNgwane,<br />
Nom' uchamuka koZulu.<br />
(Ungumntfwanelidloh)<br />
Aph' ernondlo?<br />
Asetikhulwini<br />
Aph' emafa<br />
Asetinjingeni.<br />
(Akulandvwa)<br />
86
Siyakhuleka babe,<br />
Siyabingelela babe ...<br />
(Siyakhuleka)<br />
(e) Luchumanosigcino lolwecako<br />
Laphakuse1jentiswe IigamaIinyeemigceni lengalandzelani ngobe<br />
yehlukaniswe ngumugca munye lowehlukile.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
Emantini ngiyawutfwasa,<br />
Ngenkhani!<br />
Esikhupheni ngiyawutfwasa,<br />
Ngenkhani!<br />
(Ngenkhani)<br />
Labangati Iidloti<br />
Bayawulal' umlalela futsi,<br />
Labangati Iidloti ...<br />
(Bayawusala)<br />
Ingoma kuba yingoma lemnandzi, levakaloko, leyendlulisa umlayeto<br />
ngekusebentisa tinhlobo letehlukene teluchumano letiletsa kugcizelela<br />
nekuheha. Bugagu betangomabusetingomeni, ekugidzeni nosekwenteni<br />
imisebenti yato yebungoma legcamisa:<br />
• Kusebent/sana kahle nebantfungencayet/mo letimatimalabosuke<br />
babukene nato; kanye<br />
• Nemoyalophosl, lopholile, wekwemUkelatonkhetinhlobotebantfu<br />
ngenhloso yekubasita: tidlova, tindzindzi, timphambananhloko,<br />
88
3.5.4 Imphinclvwa<br />
tichwensi, tiphephane. tinchavitsi nalabanye.<br />
Imphindvwa isho kuphindzeka kwemigca etindzaweni letitsite ngenhloso<br />
yekugcizelela nekuletsa sigcingoma nekwendlulisa umbiko.<br />
Tibonelo:<br />
(a) Imigca lelandzelanako<br />
Ngwane welimangaliso,<br />
Ngwane welimangaliso . . .<br />
(Ngwane)<br />
Tfuma mine; #fuma mine.<br />
Tfuma mine;#fuma mine ...<br />
([fuma mine)<br />
(b) Kwecisa umugca munye -<br />
Uphi Ndvungunye<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Uphi Somhlolo<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Bobabe bakhashane.<br />
Bakhashane<br />
Bobabe base Mgobhodzi<br />
Bakhashane<br />
(Bobabe bakhashane)<br />
89
Lomhlaba ucedze bokltsl,<br />
Vuma baphansi.<br />
Baphelile bakitsi.<br />
Vuma baphansi...<br />
(Baphelile)<br />
(c) Imphindvwasingeniso<br />
Ngelami le/idloti, ngitawuhamba nalo,<br />
Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nato...<br />
(Ngitawuhamba nolo)<br />
Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />
Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />
(Emaliba)<br />
Cd) Imphindvwasiphelfo<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lami,<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />
Clmphangele)<br />
Ayivuke, ingalali phasi,<br />
Ayivuke, ingolali phasi.<br />
(Yedzadzewetfu)<br />
Etingomeni tetangoma kugcama kusebenta kwelulwimi IwesiSwoti<br />
lolunotsile futsilolutsintsaemasiko nemihambo yesintfu. Umuntfu leliSwati<br />
akatikhobosi ngebuSwati bakhe ngobe loko kwadalwo nguMdali futsi<br />
angekekuntjinlje. Tangoma tiyatigcabhangebungomabate lakeukuva<br />
lapho tihlabela titsi:<br />
90
Angitentanga ngentiwa lid/on<br />
Angitentanga ngentiwa lid/oti.<br />
Tingoma tihambelana nemasiko nelulwimi ngako-ke kumele<br />
tilondvoloteke tingashabalali. Tingoma tetangoma tigcamisa bu-Afriko,<br />
buntfu, tinchubo netindlela tekuphila letitsintsa yonkhe imikhakha<br />
yemphilo: kujabula nekujabha, buhle nebubi, kuphila nekuro, intfokoto<br />
nelusizi nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />
Lubisi (2002: 187) uphawula ngelulwimi Iwendzabuko lesicabanga.<br />
sibhudze. siphahle futsi sihlelembise tintfo ngalo kanje:<br />
Kutfo/ake/e nekutsi bantfu bendzabuko baya/unyembenya<br />
/u/wimi /wabo /wasekhaya bachakambise /u/wimi<br />
/webachamuki. Loku kuJimata sive sonkhe ngobe emasiko<br />
esive ase/u/wimini /waso nangabe bantfu bangasa/utsandzi<br />
/u/wimi/wabo Joke kwentakutsinemasiko bangasawatsandzi<br />
kantsi kukhu/unywa ngekuvuse/e/wa kabusha kweJivekati te<br />
Afrika /ekudzinga kutsi Ju/wimi ./wemdzabu /ufundziswe<br />
bachamuki. Kunyembenya /ulwimi Iwasekhaya kufana<br />
nekutitondza wena utihheletele. Akumange kube Jiphutsa<br />
kutsikube nemikhankhaso yekukhu/uma tilwimi tebemdzabu<br />
etikhungweni temiphakatsi kute nebachamuki<br />
batewusibona sizatfu sekutsi bafundze tilwimi te-Afrika<br />
bangaloku basolomone babhaca ngesitfupha. Tilwimi<br />
tasekhaya atisetjentiswe kuwo onkhe emazinga emfundvo.<br />
AJikho Jive /e/ake /atfutfuka Jisebentisa /u/wimi /wa/elinye live.<br />
Etingomeni kulopho kutfolakala khona lulwimi Iwesive lolucuketse<br />
emasiko nemihambo yesive. Tangoma bantfu lababambelele<br />
enchubeni yebungoma neyesive. Bugabazi bebungoma bunemtselela<br />
91
kulo lonkhe luhlobo Iwe1ingoma.<br />
Tingoma tetangoma tinato tonkhe timphawu letibakhona etingomeni<br />
temtsimba, te1ifo, tebutimba, telilima neteticubulo. Tikhona letinye<br />
tingoma tetangoma letiye tihlaijelelwe njengemahubo ngenca<br />
yemdvumo wato lowesekelwe 1igubhu. Sangoma sitsatsa indzawo<br />
yemmemefi noma umholi lapho sihaya. Loko sikubona kahle<br />
kuletibonelo le1ilandzelako:<br />
Ummemeti<br />
Watsints' iNdlavela udzakwe yini?<br />
Udzakwe yini? Udzakwe yini?<br />
Ummemeti<br />
mphiyetfu<br />
Imphiyetfu<br />
92<br />
Inhlwayo<br />
Watsints' iNdlavela udzakwe yini?<br />
Udzakwe yini? Udzakwe yini?<br />
Inhlwayo<br />
Yemancamu<br />
Siyawufela khona<br />
Yamancamu<br />
Siyawufela khona.
TIngcikitsi tetangoma tivela kahle lapho sekubukwe umdvumo loIetfwa<br />
timvumelwano, luehumano naletinye tinhlobo tekuphindza emalunga,<br />
imigea netindzima letise1jentisiwe etingomeni.<br />
3.6 SIPHETFO<br />
Imiva yetangoma ivela kahle etingomeni. TIngoma tiyindlela yekukhuluma<br />
kwetangoma nemmango. TIsebentisa tingoma natikhuluma nagobela,<br />
umndeni nesive. Tonkhe tingoma tetangoma tiyakhuluma futsi tinemibiko<br />
letiyetfulako. Leyomibiko yetfulwa ngemakhono latsite. Ingeikitsi yengoma<br />
ihambisana nemiva. Uma ingoma ibalisa igeamisa lusizi nekungeneliswa. Uma<br />
ingoma iyelutsandvo igeamisa intfokoto nebunye.<br />
TIngoma tiluhlobo lolutsite Iwetinkondlo ngenea yaletimphawu letilandzelako:<br />
tingeikitsi, kwakheka lokugeamisa takhiwo tangephandle: imphindvwa,<br />
timvumelwano, luchumano naletinye; takhiwo tangekhatsi: slronlso.<br />
sifanisongco, sihabiso naletinye.<br />
TIngoma tetangoma tieanjwa ngetigameko letitsite njengaleti: Baphelile,<br />
Ngitawuhambanalo,Angisalalinaletinye. TIyaeanjwa nangetilwane njengaleti:<br />
Imphangele, Ncedze, Indlondlo lenelusiba naletinye. Letinyenti titsintsa<br />
emadloti njengaleti: Tfongo lami, Ngelidloti lami, Ungumnffwanelidloti,<br />
naletinye. Letinye tisieelo sekutsi kubekhona lokwentiwako: Ayihlome, Vulani,<br />
Asibambane naletinye.<br />
TIngoma tetangoma tiyinkhulumo nembiko loehumanisa sangoma nesive<br />
etimeni letitsiteletehlukenetemphilo. TInyentitingoma letihayelwe umewaningi<br />
tangoma, kepha kuye kwakhetfwa letimbalwa letieondzene netingeikitsi<br />
letikhetsiwe.<br />
94
SEHLUK04<br />
4.0 TANGOMA, T1HlAHLA/IMITSI NETIFO<br />
4.1 SINGENISO<br />
Lapha kubukwa kusebenta kwetihlahla. Uma sikhuluma ngetihlahla esiSwatini<br />
sikhuluma ngemitsi. Tihlahla tibaluleke kakhulu emphilweni yemaSwati ngobe<br />
tenta imisebenti leminyenti leyehlukene. Ngaphandle kwetihlahla sive<br />
besiyewushabalala ngenca yetifo letinyenti. Umsumpe noma umsinsi<br />
wekutimilela ukholelwa etihlahleni kakhulu ngobe tisisekelo semphilo<br />
yalabasemphakatsi nasemmangweni. Sangoma ngumuntfu losebentisa imitsi<br />
ngendlela lafundziswe ngayo, ngako-ke asigudluki emfundzisweni yaso. Ngiko<br />
nje akusilula kutsi uffole sangoma sisebentisa imitsi ngendlela lehlaneketelwe.<br />
Imitsiitawubukwangekwetimila letinkhulu naletincane, tinffo temvelo, netilwane<br />
letinkhulu naletincane. Kutawubukwa leso naleso simila nesilwane<br />
ngekuhambelanangekusetjentiswakwasoekwakheni emakhambi lasetjentiswa<br />
sangoma ngenhloso yekuphilisa labagulako, yekuphumelelisa<br />
labangaphumeleli, yekukhutsata labadzinga kukhutsatwa. Konkhe loku<br />
lokutawubukwangekwetimila netilwane ngulokolokungaphambaninetindlela,<br />
tento netimiso temadloti neMvelinchanti.<br />
Tihlahla tisisekelo semphilo yetangoma. Tangoma kuba tangoma ngetihlahla.<br />
Tihlahla tingumsuka, luphawu netinkhomba temphilo. Uye uve emaSwati<br />
akihuluma ctst -Tih/ah/a ta/esa sangoma tivosebento". Ngemavi latayelekile<br />
kusukwe kucondvwe kutsl, -/mitsi ya/esa sangoma iyasebenta. " UMvelinchanti<br />
wayidala imitsi kutsi isetjentiswe ngendlela lefanele.<br />
95
Tsandza Tfumbela (2002)6 eMpuluzi uchaza kanje:<br />
Imitsiyemdzabu yentaimisebentileminyentiemtimbeniwemuntfu.<br />
Kukhona lenyakatisa imisipha njengalena lelandzelako:<br />
umdakane, umtfombotsi, umlahlankhosi, naleminYe. Imitsi<br />
leyelapha imikhuhlane ngulena: emangwe, Jikhatsato,<br />
umhlonyane, naleminye. Imitsi leye/apha luchucho ngulena:<br />
lishongwe, imphila, vutsane, naleminye. Imitsi yesituba ngulena:<br />
sibhaha, liboza, umnyamafsi, na/eminye. Imitsi lebuyisa emandla<br />
iJungise nengati ngulena: ngugweje, umdzabu, umgwenya,<br />
naleminye. Imitsl yetintelezi ngulena: lieimamlilo, mabophe,<br />
nkhungwini, naleminye.<br />
Kulolucwaningo sitawubuka imitsi letsite leyakhiwe ngekusebentisa:<br />
(a) Tilwane tasendle<br />
(b) Tilwane tasekhaya<br />
(c) Tinyoka<br />
(d) Tinyoni<br />
(e) Timila<br />
Umuntfu losangoma noma losebentisa imitsi kumele abe naletimphawu:<br />
• Buclko bekusebentisa nekuhlanganisa imitsi;<br />
• Sineke sekusebenta nebantfu ngobe baphetfwe tifo letehlukene<br />
letibenta batiphatse ngetindlela leteh/ukene;<br />
• Kunakekela tinhlobo tetihlahla noma imitsi nekusebenta kwayo<br />
6 Tsandzo Tfumbelo uchozo ngekusebenta kwemitsi yesintfu.<br />
96
etifweni letehlukene; kanye ne-<br />
• Kutiniketa Iitfuba lelanele ekuhlolisiseni imphilo yemuntfu ngeliso<br />
lemadloti nangeliso lenyama bese uchamuka nesisombululo<br />
masinyane.<br />
4.2 IMITSI NGETILWANE TASENDLE<br />
Tinyenti tilwane tasendle letitawubukwa lapha letinjengendlovu, bhejane,<br />
ingwe, naletinye letinyenti. Lokubalulekile lapha kubuka kubaluleka kwato<br />
ekwakhiweni kwemitsi yesintfu leyelaphako. Minyenti leminye imisebenti<br />
yaletilwane, kepha lapha sibuke kusebenta kwetitfo tate njengetitsako temitsi<br />
nekukhulisa lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />
4.2.1 Bhejane<br />
Bhejane silwane lesinemtimba lomkhulu netimphondvo letimbili<br />
embonjeni. Ngencayemtimbawabhejane lomkhulu, bantfu bayebabite<br />
umuntfu losindvwa ngumtimbalomkhulu ngabhejane. Kufaniswabukhulu<br />
bemtimba. Bhejane ulandzela indlovu ngebukhulu bemtimba.<br />
Lokunyelokuphawulekakongabhejane, silwanelesitfolakala sitihambela<br />
sodvwana. Uma basuke bahamba bababili kusuke kulitfole nenina.<br />
Bantfu nabakhuluma baye batsi uhamba wedvwa ungubhejane yini?<br />
Ngobesilwanelesinemehlolamancanelesingabonisisi kahle kuye kutsiwe<br />
awuboni ungubhejaneyini? Lokungaboni kahle kusenta lesilwane siyive<br />
intfo ichamuka khashane bese sicondza kuyo ngelulaka. Bantfu<br />
bawubalekela ngekugibela etihlahleni letindze ngobe bayati kutsi<br />
awukwati kugibela emtsini. Bantfu baye batsi nabakhuluma bodvwana<br />
batsi unelulaka Iwabhejane.<br />
97
Uma umuntfu lomsikati atetfwale waze wengcelwa sikhatsi setinyanga<br />
letatiwako, bantfu baye batsi ungubhejane ngobe umitsa umnyaka<br />
netinyanga letintsatfu. Lokunye lokuphawulekako ngabhejane kudla<br />
emacembe, emagala etihlahla nemanyeva lokukhombisa kutsi<br />
sidJaluhlafa. Uma utingelwa bhejane kuye kubelula kumbulala<br />
ngekumgubhela umdzibi latawungena kuwo angabe asakhona<br />
kuphuma ngobe akusilula kubhekana nelulaka Iwakhe.<br />
Ematsambo abhejane asetjentiselwa emitsini yemiklwebho, imibhulelo<br />
netinsiti tetibhobo. Bhejane silwane lesimilwa tilondza emakhwapheni<br />
kusukela sinemnyaka munye. Letilondza atipholi tibhibha aze ayota<br />
bhejane. Letilondza tisetjentiswa tangoma noma tinyanga ekwelapheni<br />
tilondza letingalapheki kubantfu. Umuntfu lonetilondza letibhibhako kuye<br />
kutsiwe: unetilondza letibhibhako ungubhejane yini?<br />
Lesikuphawulile ngabhejane nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />
• Umtimba lomkhulu;<br />
• Kuhamba yedvwana;<br />
• Kungaboni kahle emehlweni nekuba neludlebe;<br />
• Kudla luhlata;<br />
• Kungatingeleki kalula;<br />
• Kumitsa sikhatsi lesidze;<br />
• TIlondza letibhibhako;<br />
• Nemitsi yekwelapha.<br />
Emagabazi elulwimi aye asebentise timonkhulumo kanje:<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Umtimba wakhe wabhejane.<br />
Unemtimba lomkhulu kakhulu.<br />
98
4.2.2 Ubhubesi<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
fnchazefo<br />
Ube sebufatini njengabhejane.<br />
Utetfwafe sikhatsi fesengcife<br />
kulesetayelekile.<br />
Ubhubesikuye kutsiwe yingwenyama ngoba Iiyinkhosi yetifwane. Silwane<br />
lesesabeka kakhulu ngenca yelulaka Iwaso lolwetfusako. Sinemdlonga<br />
loyephufelakoleso lesidvuna. Labatikhufumelako bayebatsi: Akusilulaka<br />
yingwenyamal Akusimdlonga welibhubesi! Ubhubesi silwane lesitsandza<br />
indzawo lenemahlatsi noma tihlahla letichelelene ngoba Iifuna kubona<br />
titsa talo tiseta khashane.<br />
Emabhubesi aye ahambe ndzawonye abengumhlambi. Kuye kutsiwe:<br />
Nimunye njengemndeni wemabhubesi! Ubhubesi silwane lesaliwa<br />
yindlala. Sitsi singalamba sibambe noma yini lokuyinyama. Ubhubesi<br />
lisidlanyama. Tikhulumi tiye titsi: Waliwa yindlala njengelibhubesi. Udla<br />
timbuti, timvu, tinkhomo, tinyatsi, emadvuba, tindlulamitsi, tinkonkoni<br />
naletinye tilwane.<br />
Butimba abuphumi buyewutingela emabhubesi kungakacelwa<br />
emadlotini kutsi abasite baphunyule emifonyeni yetingwenyama.<br />
Ubhubesi sifwane lesingafi sodvwono, sifa nafabanyenti.<br />
Emafutsa elibhubesi angumutsi wesitfunti wetikhufu. Tikhulu letinyenti<br />
tisetjentwa ngemafutsa elibhubesi kuze tihlonishwe futsi tesatjwe.<br />
Angumutsi lomkhulu futsi wekwakha Iibandla. Esikhatsini lesinyenti<br />
ahlanganiswa naleminye imitsi bese kugatwa ngawo. Ematsambo alo<br />
akha tinyamatane tekubhunyisa netinsiti tekuchapha ludzengelo.<br />
99
Lesikuphawulile ngelibhubesi nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />
4.2.3 Ingwe<br />
• Kuhlonishwa njengenkhosi yetilwane;<br />
• Lulaka lolwetfusako nenkhani;<br />
• Kubutana kwemabhubesi abe ngumhlambi;<br />
• Kungatingeleki kalula; futsi<br />
• Nemitsi yekwelapha.<br />
Ingwe silwane lesesabekako lesihlala emahlatsini lacinene. Silwane<br />
lesinemazipho lacijile, lesinelulaka futsi lesingatingeleki kalula. Uma<br />
sihlasela sishesha njengembani.<br />
Ingwe inemabala lamnyama nalamhlophe. Ngiko nje batsi ingwe idla<br />
ngemabala. Emabala avo mahle ayaheha. Silwane lesihle kakhulu lesi<br />
lesicishe sifanane nenja lenkhulu. Siyatsandza kugibela esihlahleni.<br />
Silwane lesidla inyama kuphela njengemabhubesi. Sidla tinyamatane,<br />
tinyoni, emagundvwane, timbila netimfene. Labatiko batsi ingwe iyatifela<br />
ngenyama yemfene.<br />
Tingwe timihlobo leminyenti. Kukhona leva lebitwa ngekutsi lihlosi<br />
leyatiwa ngelitubane kakhulu. Yona yehluke kancane engweni<br />
lesiyetayele. Sikhumba nemazipho engwe kwentiwa ngako imvunulo<br />
yemakhosi. Bantfwana benkhosi nayo inkhosi lucobo Iwayo<br />
bebabonakala ngemvunulo leyentiwe ngesikhumba sengwe.<br />
Emagagu elulwimi asebentisa timonkhulumo kanje:<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Utsandza ingati uyingwe yini?<br />
Kushiwo kulotsandza inyama kakhulu.<br />
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4.2.4 Imphisi<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Ulicancamtsini uyingwe yini?<br />
Kushiwo kutsandza kugibela emtsini<br />
kubanjeielwe emagaleni njengengwe.<br />
Imphisi silwane lesibi lesihamba lugugumbe. Silwane lesinemadlebe<br />
lamakhulu nemsila lewuyikatelako. Ingangenja lenkhulu kakhulu. Sisu<br />
soyo sihlala silenga ngenca yekusutsa njalo. Silwane lesatiwa ngekuba<br />
nemhlatsi nematinyo lacinile. Ikwati kuhlafuna ematsambo ngisho noma<br />
acine kangakanani. Kutsiwa yehlulwa ngelentsamo yemuntfu kuphela,<br />
ngiko nje kutsiwa lesehlulamphisi.<br />
Imphisi silwane lesidla tinsalela letishiywe ngemabhubhesi netingwe.<br />
Silwane lesatiwa ngebugwala lapho sibona umuntfu. Kutsiwa ivele<br />
itibalekele nje. Iphila ngekutinyonyobela tilwane letinyenti bese<br />
iyatibamba iyatidla. Yona silwane lesetfusako sibili.<br />
Babe Mlandzeli VilakaW (2002) eDlomodlomo utsi:<br />
Batsilitfonya loyo tinkhophe tayo letenta tilwane tetele bese<br />
iyatibulala itidle. Ayinalo ludvonsi njengobe bantfu bahlala<br />
bakhuluma batsi kushiswe ludvonsi Iwemphisi. Kusuke<br />
kusetjentiswe tinkhophe tayo uma kulaliswe bantfu ekhaya<br />
ngenhloso yekwenta lokutsile.<br />
Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi imphisi i1andzela eluhaleni Iwetingwenyama<br />
netingwe. Idla konkhe lokufile. Silwane lesitingeleka kalula ngobe<br />
siligwala. Lokusetjentiswa betemitsi emphisini tinkhophe letitsakwa<br />
7 Mlandzeli Vilakali eDlomodlomo uchaza lakwa1iko ngesilwane imphisi<br />
101
entelezini yemphi ngekutibhica nankhungwinL imidlwane lengakaboni<br />
emehlweni nenyoka leyimphumphutse. Inhloso bekukutsitsibalisa labo<br />
labahlaselwako babanjwe butfongo bagcine balele. kube shangatsi<br />
batHe. Ematsambo emphisi ekubetsela imiti abuye asetjentiswe<br />
nasetintelezini tekwelapha.<br />
4.2.5 Ingwenya<br />
Ingwenya silwane lesiphlla emantini nangaphandle kwemanti<br />
etindzaweni letishisako. Sikhumba sengwenya sicine kakhulu. Inematinyo<br />
lahlala angaphandle ngisho iwuvalile umlomo. Emfuleni isuke ipholisa<br />
umtimba. kantsi ngaphandle elusebeni Iwemfula isuke ituna<br />
kufudvumala.<br />
Ingwenya idla inyama. Bantfu baye batsi utsandza inyama uyingwenya<br />
yini? Kutsiwauma ingwenya ike yabamba umuntfu wagcina aphunyulile<br />
kuyo ngencayenhlanhla yakhekayimkhohlwa. Isukeseyihlephule ticubu<br />
letitsite kuloyomuntfu. Kusuke sekunekuvana kwetingati yengwenya<br />
neyalowomuntfu. Labo labatingelatingwenya bayebatsatse loyomuntfu<br />
baye nave emfufeni bayewutidvonsa ngaye. Kutsiwa tiye tehle tenyuke<br />
emfufeni ngobetimuva akhashane. Labo labatitingelako baye baticibe<br />
noma batibhokodze ngemikhonto ngaphasi lapho kutsambe khono,<br />
bagcine batibulele.<br />
Sikhumba sengwenya kwentiwa tikhwama, ticatfulo, emabhande<br />
nalokunye lokunyenti lokuhle. Emafutsa engwenya angumutsi<br />
wekuvimba sidliso. Buchopho nesibindzikusetjentiswa babulali. Akekho<br />
umuntfu lotakelwa buchophonomasibindzi sengwenya ekudleni aphile.<br />
kepha leta tintfo timjuba ngesikhashana ate nya.<br />
Elulwimini IwesiSwati ingwenya iye isetjentiswe lapho kugcanyiswa<br />
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4.2.7 Inkonkoni<br />
Hhashilebakhunkhuli,<br />
Magiijelwa kubhekw' emuva,<br />
Boya buyaphuphutela,<br />
Lukhobo lugewele buso,<br />
Magadvul' ebusuku<br />
Kugadvulw' eminil<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inehazelo<br />
Maye bumfene busengatini yakhel<br />
Tento takhe tebulwane, ikakhulu imfene,<br />
leyamaniswa nebutsakatsL bubl.<br />
kwedzelela, kweba nalokunye lokunyenti.<br />
Yinyamatane lenkhulu ngangenkhomo leeishe ifanane nenyatsi.<br />
Inetimphondvo letivulekile, intjebe nemsila lolishoba lelimnyama.<br />
Yinyamatane ledla1jani lobufishane. Itsandza kunatsa emanti. Tinkonkoni<br />
tihamba tibe ngumhlambi. Umhlambi lomkhulu wetinkonkoni uye<br />
ubonakale uma kudlange somiso. Inkonkoni ikwati kuhogela lokuta<br />
khashane kunekukubona ngemehlo. Udvuba inyamatane levame<br />
kutfolakala ekhatsi kwetinkonkoni; lona Iinemehlo labukhali lakwati<br />
kubona lokuta khashane.<br />
Inkonkoni idla tjani lobutsambile. Inyama yenkonkoni iyadliwa futsi<br />
imnandzi kakhulu uma yentiwe umewebu. Ematsambo, timphondvo<br />
nesikhumba senkonkoni kwetsakwa tinsiti netinyamatane temiklwebho<br />
nemibhulelo. Ushoba lenkonkoni Iiseijentiswa tangoma. Uma sangoma<br />
sigidza sisuke siphetse lona Iishoba lenkonkoni esandleni siloku<br />
silinyakatisa. Uma kunukwe umtsakatsi lapho tangoma betibhula<br />
umkhaya ushaywa ngelishoba lenkonkoni.<br />
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Emagabazi elulwimi asebentisa timonkhulumo kanje:<br />
4.2.8 Imvubu<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Ngihogela luhala Iwemagumbi onkhe<br />
ngiyinkonkoni yinl?<br />
Angikwati kwati lokwenteka yonkhe<br />
indzawo.<br />
Shoba lenkonkoni!<br />
Kushiwo sangoma lucobo Iwaso; Iishoba<br />
lelilisebentisako kanye nemuntfu<br />
wesibongo<br />
sakaShoba.<br />
Imvubu silwane lesibalwa netindlovu nabobhejanengebukhulu. Belungu<br />
bayibita ngekutsi yihippopofamus lokuligama lelisuselwa elulwimini<br />
IwesiGriki hippos lokusha kutsi horse/lihhashi, polamos kutsi river/umfula<br />
ngalakuphelele lelisha kutsi river horse/lihhashi lemfula. Silwane lesicitsa<br />
sikhatsi lesinyenti emantini kuncsevenl kantsi siyakwati kuphila emantini<br />
naseveni.<br />
Silwanelesikhulu lesinemilente lemifishane nemtimba lobukeka ungcunu.<br />
Imilente netinyawo temvubu kufishane ngendlela yekutsi icishe itsintse<br />
phasi lapho ihamba. Inhloko yemvubu yinkhulu. Umlomo wemvubu<br />
mudze kwendlula yetilwane tonkhe ngaphandle kwewemkhoma.<br />
Inematinyo lamakhulu lahlala edjile asike umhlanga. tjani lobudze<br />
naletinye titfomba letitfolakala emantini. Silwane lesivame kutfolakala<br />
emachibini nasemifuleni lemikhulu. Emantinisikwati kubhukusho, kweca.<br />
kucwila. kuntanta nekugijima masinyane. Emhlabatsini ikwati kugijima<br />
njengemuntfu.<br />
105
Sikhumbasemvubusisetjentiswa bahwebingekwentatikhwama. ticatfulo,<br />
emabhande, emabhulukwe netiketi. Tangoma tisebentisa emafutsa<br />
emvubu ekuhlanganiseni emakhubalo. tintelezi netimbita letinemandla.<br />
Uma sikhuluma ngemvubu siphawula ngaloku:<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
4.2.9 Imitsi ngetinyoka<br />
Umlomo wemvubu.<br />
Kuba nemlomo lomkhulu.<br />
Umtimba wemvubu<br />
Kuba nemtimba lomkhulu. lonyakata<br />
kalula futsi lokwati kuwusebentisa<br />
ngekutsandza.<br />
TInyoka tilwane letesabekako letitfolakalakhashanenalaphokunebantfu<br />
khona. Kukhona letinkhulu naletincane. letiyingoti naletingesiyo ingoti.<br />
Etinyokeni kusetjentiswa tikhumba netibiba.<br />
(a) Imamba<br />
Imamba yinyoka lenkhulu, lenemandla, lenesivinini futsi leyingoti.<br />
Kasenene (1993: 48) uphawula ngemamba atsi:<br />
The mamba snake has special powers, different from<br />
other snakes. When a person suffers from<br />
ematufunyane, a typeofspiritpossession, for example,<br />
he or she is instructed to wear a mamba skin. This is<br />
believed to ward offthe spirit.<br />
Imamba yinyoka letfolakala ehlanzeni. etindzaweni letigudla<br />
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(b) Imfeti<br />
emacentselo elwandle. Itfolakala emigodzini, etidvulini, ematjeni<br />
naseticiwini tetihlahla.<br />
Sivinini salenyoka sifaniswa nesembani. Ayikho invoke leshesha<br />
njengalena. Iyakwati kugibela emtsini nekuhamba ngesivinini<br />
lesikhulu esihlabatsini. Uma kwentekile wahlangana novo. kumele<br />
ungayeleki ngesitfunti noma uphakamise sandia. Mani uyilindze<br />
ihambe. Tangoma tiyatisebentisa titfo talenyoka ekwakheni<br />
tintelezi, emakhubalo nemibhulelo. Yinyoka lesetjentiswa belaphi<br />
nebabulali. Labelaphako bayisebentisa ekwelapheni<br />
emafufunyane, tive, sitfutfwane neliconsi, noma kuphambanelwa<br />
ngumcondvo.<br />
Imfeti yinyoka leyicishe ifanane naphemphetfwane. Iyatsandza<br />
kusondzela emakhaya ngobe iye ibonakale emitsangaleni,<br />
emigodzini yemihlwa neyemabuti.<br />
Imfeti idvume ngekukhafulelana ngematse laphuma ematinyweni<br />
avo lanebutsi. Labatiko batsi nayikukhafulele ngematse avo<br />
emehlweni ayavaleka uphendvuke imphumphutse. Kumele<br />
kuphutfunywe kutfolakale umuntfu lomsikati lomunyisako akhamele<br />
lubisi Iwakhe esitjeni bese kugezwa ngalo emehlo.<br />
Labalaphako basebentisa sibiba, Iibutela naletinye titfo temfeti<br />
ekwelapheni tifo.<br />
Tilwane tibaluleke kakhulu emphilweni yemaswati ngekukhulisa<br />
lulwimi, ngemisebenti yotoyetemvelo, ekutsakeniimitsiyekwelapha<br />
nasekucanjweni kwetibongo. Tibonelotetibongonomatinanotelo<br />
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leticanjwe ngetilwane nguleti:<br />
(i) Sinanate/o ngesi/wane<br />
Ginindza Mamba<br />
Msibi Ndlondlo<br />
Cembi Bhungane<br />
Cibane Shongololo<br />
Lushozi Dvuba<br />
Mabuya Ngwenya<br />
Mdluli Nyoka<br />
Ngubeni Nkhomo<br />
Phoswa Nyoni<br />
(ii) Sibongo ngeti/wane<br />
Dvuba Mbuyazi<br />
Mvemve Magasela<br />
Ndlovu Gatjeni<br />
Ngwenya Mntimandze<br />
Budlelwane lobukhona etilwaneni nasebantfwini bukhulu kakhulu,<br />
ngako-ke kumele tilondvoloteke kahle etichiwini kuze situkulwane<br />
sikwati kutiOOna. Imifanekiso nemilandvo yato kumele ihlale ikhona<br />
etilondvolotamagugu kuze situkulwane sihlomule. Imphilo<br />
yetilwane iba yinhle ngenca yekunakekela kwesive ngobe<br />
kukunyenti lesikususela kuto: tibongo, tinanatelo, tisho. taga,<br />
tiphicaphicwano netinganekwane.<br />
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4.3 IMITSI NGETILWANETASEKHAYA<br />
Uma sikhuluma ngetilwane tasekhaya sisuke sisho lnkhukhu. inja, lrnvu, imbuti,<br />
Iikati,Iihhashi nenkhomo. Sitsi tasekhaya ngobetisuke tifuyiwe ekhaya. Kukhona<br />
letinye letingakafuywa kepha letitifuye tona ngekwato letifana netimbungulu,<br />
tintfwala, emazeze nemagundvwane. Leso naleso silwane seyamaniswa<br />
netento letinhle naletimbi.<br />
Belaphi baye basebentise inkhomo, imbuti nenkhukhu ekwelapheni<br />
nasekwenteni imisebenti lephatselene nalabaphasi. Kuye kukhulunywe<br />
ngekwelapha tifo, kuvulwa kwetinhlanhla; kuchumana nemadloti nalokunye<br />
lokwakhako lokunyenti. Batsakatsi noma baloyi ngabo labeyamaniswa<br />
netilwane letttfolakaia emakhaya tibe tingakafuywa. Esikhatsini lesinyenti<br />
tilwane tebaloyi, tetichitfo nemalumbo leti:<br />
Silwane Lesiyamaniswa noko<br />
Timphungane Kungcola netifo<br />
Emaphela Kungcola netifo<br />
Emazeze Kungcola nebuncane<br />
Tintfwala Kungcola. kudla ingati yalabanye<br />
Timbungulu/Tinsikiti Kungcola. kudla ingati yalabanye<br />
Emakati Butsakatsi. bunono<br />
Emagundvwane<br />
Ema1jeketje<br />
Kungcola nekungetsembeki<br />
Buncane<br />
Ebantfwini bonkheimfenesilwane sasendlefutsilesiphila imphilo yasendle, kants!<br />
kubatsakatsi silwone sosekhayo lesifuyiwe, lesitfunywako, lesigitjelwoko futsi<br />
lesiseljentiswako.<br />
Tilwane tosekhaya letibalulekile futsi letatiwako nguleti:<br />
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4.3.1 Inkhukhu<br />
4.3.2 Imbuti<br />
Inkhukhu silwane sasekhaya lesifuywako ngekutsi sakhelwe Iihhoko.<br />
Tangoma tiyatisebentisa tinkhukhu lapho telapha tifo letitsite. TInkhukhu<br />
letetayelekile kuba ngulemnyama, lemhlophe nalemphangele.<br />
Kuyekuse1jentiswe ingati, kulesinyesikhatsi netinsiba tenkhukhu kubhicwe<br />
nemitsi letsite ngenhloso yekususa emashwa noma sinyama bese<br />
kucelwatinhlanhla kulabalele. Emashwa asuswa ngekuhlanta nekugeza<br />
ikakhulu kulabo labasuke:<br />
• Bafuna imisebenti noma balwela kutinta nekukhushulwa<br />
emisebentini; kanye no<br />
• Kutelutsandvo kusetjentiswa bobhekaminangedvwa,<br />
inhlambamasoka, sihlazi lesimhlophe, naleminye.<br />
Emagabazi elulwimi aye abongelele umchudze ngekubuka sirno<br />
nekwenta kwawo kanje:<br />
Chudze limzwezwe,<br />
Washi lasendvuio.<br />
Nalapho ungakhaJi khona<br />
Kuyasa kukhanye bna.<br />
Mphandzabaleni kukhale tikhukhukati.<br />
Imbuti kuse1jentiswa yona emisebentinl yemadloti. Labatiko batsi<br />
kubalulekile kutsi itsi nayihla1jwa ikhale. Umsindvo wave ungiko<br />
kuchumanisa labaphilako nalabalele. Imbuti ibaluleke kakhulu<br />
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4.3.3 Imvu<br />
esangomeni kusukela sisafuna kutsi ngabe singenwe ngumoya<br />
wakaboyisenoma wakabonina, laphokuhla1jwa timbuti letimbili. Kubuye<br />
kuhla1jwe letinye lekhanyisako ngobe icela emadloti kutsi avule<br />
tinhlanhla neyekudJa Icwentfwaso lapho kuye kusetlentiswe titfo letifana<br />
nenyongo, ingati, umswani naletinye.<br />
Tltfo tembuti tibhicwa naleminye imitsi tidliwe ngenhloso yekukhuphuka<br />
nekuhlanganisa emadloti nalabaphilako.<br />
Sangoma asiyidli inyama yemvu. Timvu bekuvame letimnyama,<br />
letibovana, letimphungakati, letimalungakati, naletinye.<br />
Labanye sebayayisebentisa imvu emisebentini letsintsa kuhlangana<br />
kwemindeni ngencayekweswelakala kwetimbuti nekumbaecolokwato.<br />
Loko bakwenta ngobe bagcwalisela kutsi bayicitsile ingati.<br />
BakaMatsenjwa benta imisebenti yabo ngekuhlaba lmvu. hhayi imbuti.<br />
NgesiSwati uma kutsiwa umuntfu uyimvu kusukwe kucondvwe kutsi<br />
ungumuntfu lolungile. Kulunga nebumsulwa bakhe bufaniswa<br />
nebesilwane imvu. Imvu ibuye yeyamaniswe nekuthula kanye<br />
nekutitfoba. Tangoma tisebentisa emafutsa emvu kakhulu ekutsakeni<br />
imitsi yoto yekwelapha.<br />
4.3.4 Inkhomo<br />
Kuya ngekubhula kwesangoma kutsi kumele kuhla1jwe inkhomo lenjani.<br />
Kungaba kuhlabelaIihlambo, kukhulisa umntfwana, kubonga bantfwana,<br />
kubuyiso emadloti naleminye imikhosi yelikhaya lebalulekile. Imibala<br />
111
yetinkhomo kuba ngulomnyama, lobovu nalomhlophe bese kuba<br />
nekuhloba kwayo. Kuyenteka emadloti akhombe lemibala yetinkhomo:<br />
lelunga, lelungakati; lentulo, lentulokati; lemhlakuva; lemhlakuvakati;<br />
lemphofu; lemphofukati; lengwevu; lengwevukati.<br />
Kadzeni tinkhomo betigagulwa ngemibala yoto; kantsi-ke nalamuhla<br />
tangoma atikakuyekeli loko. Tintsintsa ngisho Iisiko leliphatselene nayo<br />
inkhomo. Tikhuluma ngaletinkhomo letilandzelako: Imbeka. lehlatjwa<br />
ngobe kusho inyanga, bese inyama lenyenti iyayitsatsa ihambe nayo.<br />
Umbeka. leniketwa inkhosi yeluhlanga uma isandza kugcotjwa. Sisinga.<br />
yekubonga umelusi ngekwelusa ngebucotfo. Tinyenti letinye letitsintsa<br />
kuganiselana: imbeleka. imvulam/omo, lugege. imvalamlomo. tmvuma,<br />
inhlabisamtsimba. naletinye letinyenti lesingeke senabe ngoto ngobe<br />
tingahambelani nemisebenti yetangoma.<br />
Titfotenkhomo tidliwa ngemuva kwekusebenta kwesangoma nekubika<br />
kwalomdzala ekhaya asashise nemphepho. Lapha sibale titfo<br />
letimbalwa:<br />
Siffo Indzawo Labasidlako<br />
Lubendze/emenyikwe Lunamatsele esiswini Bafana<br />
Lubhedvu Yinhlitiyo nenohoohu Bafana<br />
Emotfumbu Esiswini Wonkhe<br />
Urnhlehlo Unamatsele eluswini Bafeti<br />
Umminzo Kuchochocho Bohlinzi<br />
Sibindzi Edvute neliohophu Umnurnzane<br />
Inhloko Ichumene nentsomo Labodvuna<br />
Insonvorna lohurnc emhlubulweni Bobobe<br />
Sifubo Sehlukoniswa ernhlubulweni Bornake<br />
nasetimbonjeni<br />
Siphanaa Yinyorna yelihlombe Bafana<br />
UrnIente Wehlukoniswe kugaiu kuya Bomeke<br />
envonaeni<br />
Awukho umtsetfo lomisiwe lotsi inyama letsite kumele idliwe ngubuphi<br />
bulili, kepha kwetayela nje kwebantfu lekungafuneki kutsi sikugcizelele.<br />
112
Emagabazi elulwimi aye abongelele inkhomo avete kubaluleka kwayo<br />
kanje:<br />
4.4 TINVONI<br />
Ufa lalabaMphisholo,<br />
Ugugu lemagugu,<br />
Mgcamisi wemasiko,<br />
Mgcamisi wemihambo,<br />
Ufa lebanurnzane.<br />
Leyo naleyonyoni inemsebenti lebaluleke ngawo emhlabeni. Ayikho inyoni<br />
lengenawo umsebenti leyiwentako. Udlanga noma Iingce Iihlanta indzawo<br />
ngekudla konkhe lokubolile. Uhlolamvula Iisibikelangemvula lesukeitewukuna.<br />
Ulandza Iidla imikhatane legcina ngekugulisa tinkhomo. Imphangele yinyama<br />
lemnandzi lewungasima lesingaboni.<br />
TInyoni tihlobisa imvelo. TItfo tetinyani letitsite tinemisebenti lebalulekile<br />
kubelaphi ngekutsi tetsakwe kwakhiwe imitsiyekwelapha. Lapha kutawubukwa<br />
tinyoni letilishumi nayinye nje kuphela.<br />
Inyon; UrnboJa Tanio<br />
Inshe Inemabala lamhlophe Tirnphaphe tihloba emakhosi<br />
nalamnvama<br />
Sohhukulu SUutfutfuva Yinyoni lehlola emashwa<br />
Usoti Umnyama UlandZela liphunna<br />
Lohheva Undvundvu Uhlwits· ematiwele<br />
Umvemve Umphunga Inyoni voseknovo,<br />
umlinctzakhava<br />
Ululwane uoovu; Iimhlophe; limnyama Unebunyoninebugundvwane<br />
lokuphaphalsekile<br />
Umtiivovo Umphofu Undiza usicumbi<br />
Dvoye Umhlophe ngelulu; umnyama UbulaJa nnvoko<br />
nqaphasi<br />
Ingudvudvu Imnyama sokucwebetela Indiza kube ngulencivuna<br />
nalensikati<br />
Inhlava Imnvama lokucnoobctsekne Iholelana etinvosini<br />
Uvukutfu Umhlophe Iokuphaohatsekile Tinvoni letitsanctzanako<br />
113
4.4.1 Inshe<br />
Inshe yinyoni lenkhulu kunato tonkheemhlabeni. Yinyoni lendze kakhulu.<br />
Lokuphawulekako kuyo budze bemilente, bentsamo nemlomo. Yinyoni<br />
letalela emacandza lamakhulu. Uma ifukama tiyantjintjana lendvuna<br />
nelensikati ekufutfumaliseni emacandza.<br />
Emacandza enshe asetjentiswa belaphi ngekuwahlanganisa<br />
nemakhambi ekugeza, tinsiti tekuchapha netintelezi tekuchela. Inhloso<br />
kusuke kukwakha sitfunti sekuhlonipheka nekwesatjwa futsi bantfu<br />
labanyenti bangamane bakusukele bakweyamanise netintfo letimbi<br />
naletingemukeleki. Umutsi lowakhiwe ngekubhicaniswa nemacandza<br />
enshe usetjentiselwa kugeza labo lababukene nemacala lamakhulu.<br />
Kuchelwa nemiti ngenhloso yekutsitsibalisa emehlo lamabi.<br />
Kukhula kwelulwimi kuvakala lapho kukhulunywa kutsiwa:<br />
4.4.2 Sohhukulu<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Ulicandza lenshe.<br />
Awutfolakali kalula. Kulukhuni kukutfola<br />
lapho ufunwa.<br />
Ntsamo yenshe! Intsamo yenshe.<br />
Kuba mudze kakhulu ube uphume<br />
ngentsamo.<br />
Milente yenshe! Imilente yenshe.<br />
Kuba mudze kakhulu ube unemilente<br />
leyondzile.<br />
Sahhukulu yinyoni lenemehlo lamakhulu lahlabako. Yinyoni lendiza<br />
ebusuku i1ale emini. Bantfu labanyenti bakholelwa ekutsini yinyoni<br />
114
yemashwa. Kubonakala kwayo ekhaya kusho emashwa, kugula nekufa.<br />
Kwenta baninimuti bakhatsateke kakhulu.<br />
Sohhukulusatiwa ngekutsi yinyoni yebatsakatsi. Kuse1jentiswa yona uma<br />
kutsakatfwa bantfu. Yinyoni lesetjentiswa nemitsi lernlbl, lebhidlitako,<br />
legulisako nalebulalako. Lelinye ligama lalenyoni ngulelitsi sikhova.<br />
Yinyoni yasemahlatsini nasemaweni lena, ngiko nje kwetfusa kuyibona<br />
ekhaya. Labanye bayibita ngekutsi livumakabilinoma ngumandvukulu.<br />
Labakwati kuhumusha tilwimi tetilwane batsi iye ikhale itsi:<br />
Phum' ungibhulel<br />
Phum' ungibhulel<br />
Shu shu nqu nqu .<br />
Shu shu nqu nqu .<br />
Lokuphawulekako ngalenyoni nguloku lokulandzelako:<br />
• Kulala emini. indize ebusuku; kanye<br />
• Nemehlo lahlabako.<br />
Emagabazi aye asebentise lulwimi mayelana nesahhukulu kanje:<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Kuba sohhukulu<br />
Kweyanyaniswa nebutsakatsi, emashwa,<br />
imihlolo nekwenta lokungakalungi<br />
emmangweni.<br />
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Ake sive nansi inganekwane ngalohheya:<br />
Kwenteka ngalelinye liIanga yandiza libanga lelidze<br />
yayowufuna kudlakhashanenelih/atsi. Yashiyaumbiko totsi.<br />
"tinkhukhu nibongigadzela emacandza ami ahlale<br />
aphephile. ' Kwabe kunakashele somiso kulelo live.<br />
TinkhUkhu besetihambe libanga /elidze tichwandza<br />
letingahle tikudle nemantjwe/e ato. Teh/u/eka kukutto/a<br />
kudla ngenca yendlala /eyabe ih/asele live lonkhe.<br />
Tinkhukhu tavuma kutsi titawugadza emacandza aJohheya<br />
aze abuye lapho ayewufuna khona kudla.<br />
Kuhamba kwalohheyane kwaniketa litsemba lekutsi imphilo<br />
/enhle itowubakhona ngobe utawubuya nekudla kudliwe<br />
kuphe/e liphango. Lohheyane abeyewufuna kudla<br />
ngesheya kwemfula lapho tinkhukhu tingeke tiphume/e/e<br />
kufinye/ela khona. Waphuma ekuseni /ohheyane laze<br />
/ayawushona solo angachamuki futsi kungevakali ne/uha/a<br />
Iwakhenje.<br />
Tinkhukhu tagolotela kusukela emini yasentsambama laze<br />
layowushona lilanga solo angachamuki lohheyane.<br />
Kutsiwabetibatse te/ula tintsamo titsi mhlayimbe titambona<br />
achamuka, kodvwa atimbonanga. Tah/angana nesangoli<br />
tatsi:<br />
"Songoli! Songoli! Songoli!<br />
Mbovana sakubalutfutfuva<br />
Nh/alamaweni! Nhlalamaweni!<br />
Sibonisele lohheyane. '<br />
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Salandvula sangoli satsiasikahlangani nalohheyane: kadze<br />
sageina kumbona. Taphatseka kabi tinkhukhu. Taehubeka<br />
neluhambo Iwato. Tahlangana najolobela tatsi:<br />
"Jolobela! Jolobela! Jolobela!<br />
Sisila - sidze! Sisilo - sidze!<br />
Sibonisele lohheyane."<br />
Walandvula jolobela wafsi akamboni lohheyane. Naye<br />
ubuyangesheyakwemfulakodvwaakahlangananganave.<br />
Taphatseka kabi tinkhukhu nativa Iowa mavi. Betiloku<br />
tigolotele lapho aphaphe washona ngakhona. Taehubeka<br />
neluhambo Iwato tinkhukhu. Tahlangana naneedze tatsi:<br />
"Needze! Needze! Needze!<br />
Nyoni leneane elmphunga.<br />
Sibonisele lohheyane."<br />
Walandvula needze wafsi akambonanga lohheyane.<br />
Tadvumateka tinkhukhungekungambonilohheyane. Indlala<br />
bese ibhoke ngemandla. Taphindzela emuva Tinkhukhu<br />
tihamba kaneane ngobe tehlulekile kumbona lohheyane<br />
abeyawutifunela kudla. Tatsi tifika nje ehlatsini takhandza<br />
kutsiemaeandzaalohheyaneadliwe onkhe. Tevangeluhala<br />
nje kuts! bekunemfeti. Titsite tisamangele kwaehamuka<br />
umnumzane lotsile watibamba tonkhe wahamba nato<br />
wayotifuya.<br />
Wabuya lohheyane ngemuva kwemalanga lamabili.<br />
Wakhandza kutsi Iitje lome inhlama. Atikho tinkhukhu.<br />
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Awekho emacandza akhe. Watfukutsela wablla. kodvwa<br />
Iwangabikhona lusito lalutfolako. Wafitfungatsa tinkhukhu<br />
waze wotitfola setifuyiwe. Wafsi, "Benitihlobo tami kodvwa<br />
nyalo senititsa tami. Ngako-ke ngiyakuwahlwitsa<br />
emantjwele enu ngiwadle.:<br />
Butsa bacala lapho-ke emkhatsini walohheyane netinkhukhu.<br />
4.4.5 Umvemve<br />
Umvemve yinyoni lemphunga letsandza kudla ebaleni lemuti. Yinyoni<br />
lenesisidlana lesehla sibuye sikhuphuke. Ayidliwa bantfu labasha, kepha<br />
idliwa talukati kuphela. Labanye bayibita ngekutsi ngumcishu.<br />
Kutsiwa belaphi baye basebentise titfo letifana nengingila. sibindzi<br />
nenhlitiyo yemvemve bakubhice nemitsi letsite ekwakheni Iikhambi<br />
nelikhubalo lekutintisa umuntfu loye afulatsele Iikhaya sikhatsi lesidze<br />
angabe asakhumbula emuva.<br />
Labanye baye basebentise titfo temvemve ngendlela lehlaneketelwe<br />
ngekutsi bakhe sibetselelo lesibhicwe newelutsandvo. Indvodza igcina<br />
iyekele umsebenti seyihlalela sicelu ekhaya futsi ingabe isaya<br />
nakulamanye emadvodza ngenca yesibetselelo.<br />
Emagabazi elulwimi aye aticeketse kanje:<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchozelo<br />
Ngidla umvemve ngisalukati yini?<br />
Kwenta intfo lengakafaneli futsi<br />
lephambukile.<br />
119
4.4.6 Ululwane<br />
Yinyoni lenetimphawutebunyoni nebugundvwane. Ululwane Iinemaphiko<br />
Iiyandiza. Uhlala emihhomeni lemnyama. Uyatsandzo egunjini<br />
lelimnyama lendlu. Undiza lapho kucala kuhwalala, ntsambama<br />
nasentsatsakusa.<br />
Uma kutsiwa kumuntfu ulilulwane kusukwe kucondvwe kutsi unesimilo<br />
lesigucugucukako tutsi akasuye umuntfu longatsenjwa. Ululwanesilwane<br />
lesimunyisako njengemuntfu lesibuye sikwati kundiza. Silwane<br />
leseyamaniswa nemilingo lesigcame ngaletimphawu:<br />
• Sinemehlo lakhaliphile lakwati kubona emnyameni:<br />
• Silwone lesikwati kuphila iminyaka lengetulu kulelishumi<br />
nambili kuya emashumini lamabili nangetulu: tutsi<br />
• Silwane lesinetinyawo letinelwembu.<br />
Batsakatsi bayitsondza kokhulu lenyoni ngobe titfo tayo bayatisebentisa<br />
uma baphambanisa imicondvo yebantfu.. Kusetjentiswa lenyoni ledla<br />
tilokatane netinambutane. Itsandza kakhulu tintsetse.<br />
Lokugcamako ngelilulwane nguloku lokukmdzeloko:<br />
4.4.7 Umtjivovo<br />
• Simo lesididanako.<br />
• Kweyamaniswa nebutsakatsi.<br />
Umtjivovo yinyoni lencane kepha lengetulu kancane kwancedze.<br />
Lokugcomile ngemtjivovo kutsi unesisila lesldze. unesichova enhloko tutsi<br />
ihamba iminingi njolo. Yinyoni letsandza kakhulu ehlanzeni. Ibuyeyatiwe<br />
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ngekutsi indlazi. Saga lesltsl, unonele ngekhafsi njengendlazi sisuseiwa<br />
4.4.8 Dvoye<br />
kulenyoni lenembala lomphofu.<br />
Bemitsi batsi ibaluleke kakhulu kulabo labakhelwa libandla. Emabandla<br />
ehlukene, kukhona ebungant emasontfo, ernldlolo. ekusitana;<br />
nalamanye. Kutsiwa kubhicwa 000 talenyoni nemitsi letsite kwakhiwe<br />
likhambi nentelezi. Imiljivovo tinyoni letindiza titinyenti, tiba libandla<br />
ngekwato. Bemitsi basebentisa lokwenta kwato ebantfwini ngekutsi<br />
balakhe libandla.<br />
Tilwane tenta umsebenti lomkhulu ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />
Kubaluleka kugcama kakhulu lapho sisebentisa taga. Simelane<br />
naThwala (1991: 1) baveta 10mbono ngetaga:<br />
Toga tikhombisa kujula kwelulwimi ngekutsi kubekwe emavi<br />
ngendlelalekhombisakuhlakanipha kwemunttu. Kuttutfuka<br />
kwelulwimi nekugcizelela. Tikhombisa emakhono<br />
a/abadza/a ekubeka emavi kuvakale kahle. Toga<br />
tikhombisa bugabazi besive. Tikhombisa kahle kuts! buc!ko<br />
nebuntsengu bebukhona esiveni semaSwati kusukela<br />
endvulo. Tim/sho lemifishane. leshublle futs! legcogcela<br />
ndzawonye umcondvo locuketse lokutsite.<br />
Lena yinyoni lenkhulu. Umbala wadvoye umhlophe ngetulu kantsi<br />
umnyama ngaphasi. Yinyoni letfolakala kakhulu enkhangala. Yinyoni<br />
lenelulaka lena ngobe ikwati kubukono nenyoka cedze iyincamule<br />
ekhatsi ngemlomo. Ikwati kusebentisa umlorno, sisila netinyawo tayo<br />
laphoilwa.<br />
121
Tangoma tibhica imitsiyeto netitfo tadvoye ngenhloso yekwelapha tifo<br />
letitsite. Emagabazi elulwimi ayisebentisa lenyoni uma agcamisa time<br />
tenkhulumo.<br />
Simonkhulumo<br />
Inchazelo<br />
4.4.9 Ingudvudvu<br />
Kuba ngudvoye.<br />
Kuba mudze kakhulu.<br />
Ingudvudvu yinyoni lenkhulu. Yinyoni lemnyama loku<br />
lokucwebetelako. Umlomo walenyoni ubovu. Yinyoni lenemaphiko<br />
lamhlophe. Esikhatsini lesinyenti tingudvudvu tihamba ngatimbili:<br />
lendvuna nalensikati.<br />
Kutsiwa yingudvudvu nje ngobe kunemsindvo lewutsi gudvudvu.<br />
gudvudvu, gudvudvu! Lewuye uvakale kulenyoni. Lelinye Iigama<br />
lalenyoni kutsiwa insingizi.<br />
Ingudvudvu lensikati ikhala itsi:<br />
Ngiyahamba. ngiyahamba ngiya kubakitsi!<br />
Ngiyahamba, ngiyahamba ngiya kubakitsi!<br />
Ingudvudvu lendvuna iphendvula itsi:<br />
Hamba! Hamba! Kadz' usho!<br />
Hamba! Hamba! Kadz' usho!<br />
Titfo tengudvudvu lensikati nalendvuna tisetjentiswa lapho kwakhiwa<br />
sibetselelo. Sima senkhulumo lesigcamako ngulesitsi: Kuba<br />
tingudvudvu kusho bunye, kutsondzcno, kwesekelana. kwatisana<br />
nekubumbana.<br />
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4.4.10 Inhlava<br />
Inhlava yinyoni lenembala lomphunga lokuphaphatsekile. Yinyoni leva<br />
kanye lapho kunetinyosi ngakhona. Yinyoni letsandza luju kakhulu.<br />
Labanye bayibita ngekutsi ingedze.<br />
Uma uhamba endleleni iye ikhale embikwakho bese iyakuhola ikuholela<br />
lapho kunetinyosi ngakhona. Uma sewuphumelele kukhokhela tinyosi<br />
kuye kube kuhle kutsi bese uyayipha. Uma ungakayiphi iye ikubitele<br />
noma ikuholele lapho kunenyoka khona. Yinyoni lekwati kukubikela<br />
ngengoti letawuvela lapho uyakhona. Ikubikela ngekukhala kwayo<br />
ibhule emaphiko kanyenti embikwakho. Kumele utsi nawukubona loko<br />
bese uyajika utsatsa lenye indlela. Inhlava leyiye ivakale ngemsindvo<br />
labawuhumusha utsi gedze... gedze.... Gedzedze.... Ngulenye yetinyoni<br />
letingemabika.<br />
4.4.11 Uvukuffu<br />
Uvukutfu luhlobo Iwenyoni letfolakala emaweni nasemasiminl. Utsandza<br />
emabele. KutsiwaIivukutfu nje ngobe Iikhala litsi: Vu. vu vuku, vuku! Vu,<br />
vu vuku, vuku! Labanye balibita ngekutsi litubantsendzele ngobe kulo<br />
kuhlangene butuba nebuntsendzele.<br />
UnembalalomhlophelokuphaphatsekilefutsiIitalela emacandzalamabili<br />
bese Iiyawafukamela. Lokugcamako kuloluhlobo Iwetinyoni bubili njalo.<br />
Tihlala titimbili njalo. Noma tingabonakali tisesicunjini, kepha titawube<br />
tindiza ngatimbill. Uma emacandza ato achamusela, emazini ato<br />
ayakhuliswa agcine angumndeni munye. Lamacandza lamabili kusuke<br />
kungulelimele budvuna nebusikati. Belaphi bakha sibetselelo<br />
ngemacandza emavukutfu netitfo tawo.<br />
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Uma sesiphetsa ngetinyoni siyabona kutsi letinyenti tacambeka ngenca<br />
4.5 TIMILA<br />
yemisindvo letiyentako. TIbonelo tetinyoni leticambeka ngaleyo ndlela<br />
nguleti: Iivukutfu, Iigwayigwayi, Iihlokohloko, umljivovo, ingudvudvu,<br />
ingedze, naletinye. Tinyoni leticambeke ngekwenta kwato: lihlalanyatsi<br />
lelitsandza kuchwakela emhlane wenyatsi, lihlolamvula lelibiketela kuna<br />
kwemvula, logolanfsenfse luhlobo lenkhonjane lenkhulu legola tintsetse,<br />
inkhweletjeni itfolakala njalo etikwema1je naletinye. Noko-ke tinyoni<br />
letikhetselwe lolucwaningo tikhetfwe ngekubaluleka kwato kubelaphi<br />
hhayi ngekwemisindvo netento njengobe sesiphawula ngako lake<br />
esiphetfweni.<br />
Tinyenti timila letiseti entiswa njengemakhambiekwelaphatifo. Kukhona tihlahla<br />
letincane naletinkhulu. Kulesinye sikhatsi kuba timila lesingeke siteyamanise<br />
netihlahla. Tangoma tiye tisebentise ticu, emacembe, emagcolo<br />
netimphandze taleti mila ekwelapheni.<br />
Belaphi batiwa kakhulu ngekuba tatitimila. Uye uve ngabo batsi<br />
nasekubhahela inhlaba ngenyanga yeNhlaba, yimiphi imitsi lekumele<br />
bayoyigubha. Uma sekuhluma sihlahla ingci bayati kutsi kusuke sekuyinyanga<br />
Ingci nekutsi sekumele bayoyimba.<br />
Lapha sikhetse tihlahla noma timila letimbalwa kukhombisa kubaluleka kwato.<br />
Luhla Iwetihlahla netitselo luniketwe kukhombisa kutsi titsi tiwenta umsebenti<br />
wato lowetayelekile wekuba tiphamandla netifutfumetamtimba kube<br />
newekwelapha lobonakala kahle lapho sekutsintfwa:<br />
• Emacabunga<br />
• Emagcolo<br />
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• TImphandze<br />
4.5.1 Umsenge<br />
T1HLAHLA /TIMILA TlTSELO INDZAWO<br />
Umncozi Tincozi Ehlanzeni<br />
Umaanu Emaaanu Ehlanzeni<br />
Umvivo Emavivo Ehlanzeni nasemahlatsini<br />
Umnwava{umnwaba Emanwava Ehlanzeni<br />
Umhlala Emahlala Ehlanzeni<br />
Umkhwakhwa Emakhwakhwa Ehlanzeni<br />
Umphushane Emaphushane Etintsabeni<br />
Umntulwa Emantulwa Emasimlni<br />
Umnumbela Emanumbela Enkhanoala nasehlanzeni<br />
Umviwane Emaviwane Enkhanaala nasehlanzeni<br />
Umtelemba Ematelemba Ehlanzeni<br />
Umttundvuluka Emattundvuluka Ehlanzeni<br />
Umvutfwamini Emavutfwamini Eintsabeni<br />
Umnconao Emanconao Enkhanaala nasehlanzeni<br />
UmbhelebhelemnaOiia) Emabhelebhele Etinaotieni<br />
Umkhiwa Emakhiwa Ehlanzeni<br />
Sihlahla semsenge simila ehlanzeni. Sigcame ngekungabi nemacembe<br />
lamanyenti emagaleni awo. Sicu semsenge siyaphundleka sigcine<br />
sigobekile.<br />
Saga lesitsi: Gobamsenge ud/iwe timbuti, sisuselwa kulesihlahla. Belaphi<br />
bayawusebentisa umsenge, ikakhulu emagcolo awo labawagcobako<br />
batseleemanti bese kuba ngumutsi wekuhlanta. Kuye kuhlantwe ngawo<br />
emagcolo emsenge ngobe kukhishwa inyongo nalapho kuliwa<br />
nemtimba lobutsakatsaka.<br />
4.5.2 Inhlitiyonkhulu<br />
Lesi sihlahlalesimilaehlanzeni. Belaphi basebentisa emagcoloalesihlahla<br />
ngekuwebula bese bayawagcoba bakhe umutsi wekwelapha<br />
sitfutfwane, umtimba lohlala ubuhlungu nesifo senhlitiyo.<br />
125
TIgangi tibuye tisebentise sana sihlahla inhlitiyonkhulu ngekutsi basitsake<br />
netive bese bakha umklwebho loholela ekutsini loyo logangwako<br />
atibulale Vena ngekutsi atiphonse emdzibini, atiphonse esitfutsini,<br />
atilengise emtsini noma atidubule ngesibhamu. Wentiwa kutsi atsatse<br />
imphilo yakhe kabuhlungu.<br />
4.5.3 Inhlaba<br />
Inhlaba ayikhuli kakhulu iye etulu. Sihlahla lesitfolakala ehlanzeni<br />
nosenkhonqolo. Sidvume ngekuba nemacembe lababako. Ngiko ne<br />
bosotilwimi bafanisa batsi: kubaba njengenhlaba noma kubaba<br />
yinhlaba.<br />
Munyenti kakhulu umsebenti wenhlaba emphilweni yemuntfu. Leminye<br />
yayo ngulena lekuphawula Hlulelile Sukati (2002i eMalahleni nak atsi:<br />
4.5.4 Urnzane<br />
• Kuyipheka bese kunatfwa emanti ayo ahlambulule sisu.<br />
• Kucedza tibhoba emtimbeni nekugeza ingati.<br />
• Kuvuselela kabusha imiva.<br />
Umzane sihlahla lesimila ehlanzeni nosenkhonqolo. Simila siphakame<br />
kantsi nemagala 050 amila abheke etulu.<br />
Belaphi basebentisa emacembe nemagcolo alesihlahla ngekutsi:<br />
• Kuhlantwe ngawo kukhipha Iiphukuphuku nekungcola<br />
lokungekhatsi emtimbeni;<br />
8 HlulelileSukoii eMalohleni uphawula ngemisebenti yenhlaba.<br />
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4.5.5 Umlahlankhosi<br />
• Kugeza ngawo ngobe kususwa sinyama nematfunti lamabi<br />
leleke umuntfu; kanye<br />
• Nekugeza umtimba lolunywako sengatsi uphetfuka<br />
bukhuphe.<br />
Umlahlankhosi sihlahla lesikhula siphakame. Sitinhlobo letinyenti tutsi<br />
letimila etindzaweni letehlukene. Unemacabunga laluhlata lavamise<br />
kuba neboya ngaphasi. Unetimbali letigcamile. Lelinye Iigama<br />
lemlahlankhosi, umphafa noma um/ahlabantfu.<br />
Umsebenti wemlahlankhosi kwelapha tifo letifana nematfumba,<br />
kukhwehlela. umtfundzangati nekubetselela litulu. Kutsiwa umlahlankhosi<br />
nje ngobe lapho inkhosi iljalwa Iidliza lava lembozwa ngawo.<br />
Uhlavu lemlahlankhosi Iibuye Iiseljentiswe lapho kulandvwa umuntfu<br />
longashonelanga ekhaya. Kuyiwa endzaweni lapho umphetumulo<br />
wakhe wophurnelo khona kufikwe kukhulunywe kutsi ulandziwe. Uma<br />
kUkhulunywa nave ubitwa ngemagama laphelele nangetibongelelo.<br />
bese kuyahanjwa kuyiwa ekhaya. Akubukwaemuvatutsiakukhulunyiswa<br />
muntfu endleleni. Uya1jelwa uma kugiljelwa esitfutsini, a1jelwe uma<br />
sekwehliwa. a1jelwenalaphokuwelwa umtula. Utsi angangeniswa endlini<br />
yakhelonaabelandziweIihlavu Iiniketwe imbuti lelungiselelwelomsebenti<br />
i1idle embikwekutsi ihla1jwe.<br />
Umlahlankhosi ubuye useljentiselwe kutfoba tenyelo nekuvuvuka<br />
lokusemtimbeni wemuntfu.<br />
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4.5.6 Indlulamitsi<br />
Lesi sihlahla lesikhula sibe sidze kakhulu. Siye sitendlule tankhe tihlahla<br />
letisandzelene nasa. Sihlahla sasenkhangala lesifutsi siyayitsandza<br />
indzawa lebandzaka. Siba nesicu leslkhulu emagala lamadze<br />
nemacembe langesimadze.<br />
Emacembe asa ayaphekwa, bese kunatfwa emanti lacengwe<br />
kulamacembe. Loko kwentiwa ngulabaphetfwe ngumkhuhlane.<br />
Lesihlahlasibuye sisite emuntfwini lonetilandza ngekhatsi esifubeni ngabe<br />
siyatipholisa agcine aphilile.<br />
Akwatiwo-ke kutsi lesihlahla ngabe sacanjwa ngekufaniswa nesilwane<br />
indlulamitsi ngebudze noma lesilwane sacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />
4.5.7 Umlfolo<br />
Umtfolo sihlahla lesitimilelako sibuye sitjalwe futsi. Imitfalo i1jalwa ibe<br />
ngemahlatsi lamakhulu. Minyenti imisebenti yemitfolo eveni. Khutsala<br />
Mdluli (2002)9 eMasibekela uchaza kanje:<br />
• Kusekela imigodzi yetimayini temalahle negolide;<br />
• Kwakha tingodvo tetingcinga;<br />
• Emagcoloemtfoloase1jentiselwa kwakha imbitayekugucula<br />
sikhumba nekuhlambulula ingati emtimbeni;<br />
• Kuhlabisa tinkhalo nematsafa;<br />
• Kuvimbela imimoya levungutaka;<br />
• TInkhuni tekubasa umlila;<br />
• Emakhasi ahlanganiswa nelubisi kwakhiwe imbita<br />
9 Khutsala Mdluli eMasibekeia uchaza ngemisebenti yemtfolo.<br />
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4.5.8 Umbangandlala<br />
yebantfwana yenyoni; futsi<br />
• TImphandzetawotiyabiliswa kuklujwe/kuhlukuhlwe ngemanti<br />
ate ngenhloso yekwelapha ematinyo lobuhlunqu,<br />
Umbangandlala luhlobo Iwesihlahla lekukholelwa kutsi sibanga indlala.<br />
Uma sibaswa lesihlahla senta umlilo lomubi futsi kuvakale Iiphunga lelibi.<br />
Emagabazi aye akhulume atsi: Ukhe indvuku yembangandlala. Lokusho<br />
kutsi wente intfo lengenamphumelelo. Kulesihlahla kubaluleke emagcolo<br />
ngobe asetjentiselwa kwelapha sllurno. buchoboka netindvuna<br />
temabulawo. Abuye asetjentiselwe kukhipha tilo emahhashini.<br />
4.5.9 Imphepho<br />
Imphepho simila lesisebenta njengelikhambi. Emacabunga emphepho<br />
amhlophe futsi aneboya. Iba netimbali. Umutsi lomila eticojeni<br />
nakuletinye tindzawo letinemanti.<br />
Imphepho ngumutsi wemadloti. Iyashiswa bese iyahogelwa. intfutfu<br />
yayo. Tonkhe tangoma tisebentisa imphepho. Iyasetjentiswa nalapho<br />
imltimba ibuhlungu ngekutsi ishiswe.<br />
Uma kukhulunywa nalabalele kushiswa imphepho kucala. Ibuye<br />
isetjentiswe imphepho, ngulabo labanemandiki, emandzawe nebalozi.<br />
Kuyahlantwa kubuywe kucatsekwe ngayo imphepho.<br />
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4.5.10<br />
4.5.11<br />
Umlulama<br />
Sihlahla lesincane lesitfolakala emacentselweni emifula, etindzaweni<br />
letingematje noma etingcengcemeni tetintsaba. Sibuye sibitwe ngekutsi<br />
ngumadlotana lesihlahla.<br />
Umlulama unemacabunga latsambile futsi laneboya: timbali<br />
letibhalashako tibe nembala loluhlata lokuphaphatsekile noma lomtfubi<br />
netitselo letigucuka tibemnyama nasetivutsiwe.<br />
Mandlakhe Tsela (2002yo eMjejane wenaba atsi:<br />
Umlulama ngumutsi wemadloti. Usetjentiswa uma<br />
kuphehlelwa ematfwasa. Tangoma tibuye tiwusebentise<br />
umlulama embikwekushaya tinhlola. Akufuneki kutsi<br />
usetjentiswe ngalokwecile ngobe unebutsi futsi uyingoti.<br />
Belaphi belapha tito letitanana naleti:<br />
Umganu<br />
• Sito senhlitiyo:<br />
• BUhlungubemgogodla:<br />
• Nekufinyela kwemisipha (/mfinyeti).<br />
Umganu sihlahla lesikhula sibe sikhulu kakhulu. Sitfolakala ehlanzeni<br />
etindzaweni letingenawo emahlatsi lacinene. Ngesikhatisi semaganu<br />
emadvodzaaphenduvuka tilwane. Kungako kubalulekile kutsi labasikati<br />
bangahambeli etindzaweni letisitsele ebusuka. Kulisiko kutsi maketala<br />
aletsele umkhwenyane titfwalo ngalesikhatsi sebuganu. Noma<br />
10 Mondlol
kungatsiwa usebenta khashane buyambelwa aze abuye. Sinemagcolo<br />
lamphungalabuyeabemaholoholo. Sinemacabunga laluhlatanetitselo<br />
letiluhlatanjengemacabungaumatingakavutfwa, kantsiumasetivutsiwe<br />
tiba luphuti nemanti lamanyenti. Titselo tesihlahla semganu kutsiwa<br />
emaganu.<br />
Emagcolo emaganu elapha tifo letibolisa titfo. Emaganu abuye<br />
ase1jentiswe lapho kwelashwa imiva nemitsambo enlgasebenti kahle.<br />
LaOOnye-ke baye OOwasebentiseekwenteni 1jwala lobudzakanakakhulu.<br />
Ngisho tilwane letifana netindlovu netimfene tiwadla tigcine tidzakiwe<br />
tingakwati nekuhamba.<br />
Emagcolo emganu aOO siphungo nemutsi wekwelapha luhudvo netifo<br />
letibangwa imindozolwane.<br />
4.6 TINDZAWO NEMIFULA<br />
(a) Umhluma!umhlume<br />
Luhlobo Iwemutsi lekuse1jentiswa emagcolo ala kuncamula ingati<br />
leyophako nekucedza buhlungu esiswini lesihambisanako. Kutsiwa<br />
indzawo yaseMhlume yacanjwa ngalemitsi yemihluma.<br />
(b) Umkhuhlu<br />
Emtsini umkhuhlu kuse1jentiswa imbewu ngobe inemafutsa lamanyenti<br />
ekugcobiseni emanceOO nekucedza kugagabuka kwesikhumba.<br />
Indzawo yaseMkhuhlu yacanjwa ngato letihlahla.<br />
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(c) Umondi<br />
Umondi umutsi lekuseljentiswa emagcolo etimphandze tawo lacedza<br />
silungulela nekucumbelana. Indzawo iMondi netikhungo letisebentisa<br />
Iipulango lelibatwe ngetihlahla temondi kwacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />
(d) Umgwenya<br />
Kuseljentiswaemagcoloalesihlahla lafakwa emantini labilako kwentiwe<br />
Iiphungulo lelicedza kuluma kwemtimba, tindvuna ebusweni, ematfumba<br />
nekulwo nengati lengcolile kutsi ihlambuluke. Sihlahla semgwenya<br />
kwacanjwa ngaso imifulayaseMpumalangauMgwenya neMgwenyana<br />
nesikhungo semfundvo lephakeme lesesingasekho.<br />
(e) Ingwavuma<br />
Umutsi ingwavuma kuseljentiswa emagcolo avo lasilwako abe<br />
yimphuphu leyelapha sisu lesilumako, lesibuhlungu nalesinemahlaba.<br />
Indzawo iNgwavuma nemfula kwacanjwa ngalesihlahla.<br />
(f) Gobandlow<br />
Kuseljentiswa emagcolonetimphandzengekutsikubiliswe bese kwakhiwa<br />
umutsi wekuhlanta locinisa ingati. Umutsi ofolakala kakhulu etindzaweni<br />
letingemahlanze letishisako. Khukholelwa ekutsini indzawo<br />
yaseGobandlovu yacanjwa ngawo lomuts!.<br />
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Kuba yinkhomo<br />
Kubayimvu<br />
kungakwati kudlala ibhola.<br />
kulunga kakhulu.<br />
Etilwaneni letisetjentisiwe kubuye kugcame kusebenta kwesibanjalo<br />
nekwentasasilwane lapho kusetjentiswa tisho kanje.<br />
Kuba Iibhubesi<br />
Kuba ngubhejane<br />
Kubayingwe<br />
Kuba yimphisi<br />
Kuba yingwenya<br />
Kuba yimfena<br />
Kuba yimvubu<br />
Kuba yimamba<br />
kuhlonishwa nekwesatjwa.<br />
kuba nemtimba lomkhulu nebulima.<br />
kwesatjwa.<br />
kuba Iigwala.<br />
kuba nemandla nekuphikelela.<br />
kungatiphatsi kahle.<br />
kuba nemtimba lomkhulu.<br />
kuba nelulaka lolubi.<br />
Lokugcamako lapho sisebentisa tisho: Kufanisa, kucatsanisa nekuhlobanisa<br />
tintfo letimbili noma ngetulu kwaletimbili ngekubuka time nekwenta.<br />
Etibonelweni letingenhla kubukwetilwane letinkhulutasekhaya netasendle. Nati<br />
tibonelo ngetinyoni:<br />
Kubainshe<br />
Kuba sahhukulu<br />
Kuba ngulohheya<br />
Tibonelo ngetimila:<br />
Kuba umhlonyane<br />
Kuba yingwavuma<br />
Kuba ngemangwe<br />
kuba mkhulu emtimbeni.<br />
kuhlola umhlolo.<br />
kuhlwitsa kwalabanye.<br />
kuba sicedzamkhuhlane.<br />
kuba siletsamandla.<br />
kuba sipholisamanceba.<br />
TIsho tibaluleke kakhulu etilwimini letinyenti, ikakhulu tase-Afrika letinekufana<br />
134
lokutsite.<br />
TIbonelo:<br />
Sisho<br />
Inchazelo -<br />
Sisho<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Sisho<br />
Inchazelo<br />
Kuba yindlovu (SiSwati).<br />
Ukuba yindlovu OsiZulu).<br />
Ku va ndlopfu (SiTsonga).<br />
Kuba mkhulu kakhulu emtimbeni. Lena yinchazelo<br />
lefananakokuto tonkhe tilwimi letibalwe ngenhla.<br />
Kuba yinja (SiSwati).<br />
Ukuba yinja (IsiZulu).<br />
Ku va mbyana (SiTsonga).<br />
Kusho kungatiphatsi ngendlela lefanele<br />
nalemukelekako. Ukuba uywayi nenhlaba (IsiZulu).<br />
Kuba kugwayi nenhlaba (SiSwatJ).<br />
Ku va fole ni nhlava (SiTsonga).<br />
Kutsandzana noma kuvama.<br />
Tibonelo letingenhla tiveta ngalokucacile kutsi tilwane netihlahla noma imitsi<br />
tisekelo tetilwimi.<br />
4.9 TANGOMA NETIFO : EMABITOGCOGCA<br />
Labanyenti bakholelwa ekutsini kugula lokungene kumuntfu kuye kube kuhle<br />
kutsi kukhishwe ngawo umutsi. Kwelapha tifo kudzinga lwati lolujufile Iwebantfu<br />
labawugogodzele lowomsebenti.<br />
KUlesikhatsi lesiphila kuso banyenti labagaba buhlolu, bahize nemahiya ngobe<br />
batuna kwatiwa njengebantfu laOOne/wOO lolujulile IwemitsL kantsi abayati<br />
135
imitsi. Yonkheimitsi yadalwaIidloti lelikhulu Mvelinchanti ngako-ke Iigama lakhe<br />
kumele Iibitwe ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi embikwekuyisebentisa, bese kulandzela<br />
lamanye emadloti lekulindzelwe kutsi asite.<br />
Kusetjentiswa emabitogcogca lapho kukhulunywa ngemitsi yesintfu. Kubalula<br />
kumuntfu longesuye umelaphi kwati imitsi ngekusebentisa emabitogcogca<br />
latana nalawa: emakhambi. imbita, intelezi, U "ernokhubolo. insiti, sibetselo,<br />
umbhulelo, nalamanye. Futile Ttwolo" (2002). eLangwane wenaba kabanti<br />
kanje:<br />
Emakhambi Iigama lelisetjentiswako uma kukhuJunywa ngemitsi<br />
tibhidvo, timphandze nemacembe Jasetjentiswako uma<br />
kweJashwa kugula Jokutsite.<br />
Intelezi Iigama lemitsi lesetjentiswako ekulweni nemalumbo ebatsakatsi.<br />
Ngumutsi wekulwa nemashwa newekucinisa imphi. Uma kusetjentiswa intelezi<br />
iyachelwa. TIbonelo tetintelezi: mabophe, nkhungwini, mayime, naletinye.<br />
Imbita Iigamalelishoimitsilephekiwe, lebilisiweyabuyeyapholiswa kuzeinatfwe<br />
noma kucatsekwe. Tehlukene timbita letisetjentiswako ngenhloso yekuphilisa<br />
umuntfu logulako. Letinye taletimbita nguleti: lnhlornbululo-slsu, umgezangati,<br />
sicedza-tibhobo, imboziso lelwa nesidliso igcine isicedzile emtimbeni. Imbita<br />
i1wa nemtimba lornubl, yelaphe tilondza icedze nekulunywa emitimbeni.<br />
Emakhubalo Iigama lelisetjentiswako nakukhulunywa ngemitsi-tingodvo<br />
lekungaba timphandze nemagcolo. Emakhubalo asetjentiselwa kuticinisa<br />
nekulwa nemimoya lemibi.<br />
Tinsiti ligama lemitsi leshisiwe kwentiwa tinsiti tekuchapha. TInsiti tisetjentiswa<br />
11 Futile Tfwala. Bangwane uchazo kutsi ayini ernakhambi.<br />
136
kakhulu etifeni letitsintsa Iingentasi lemuntfu ngenhloso yekwelapha tinso<br />
nesinye.<br />
Sibetselelo Iigama leliseijentiswako emitsini yelutsandvo. Yimitsi leseijentiswa<br />
ngemadvodzaesitsembu ngobeahlanganisa bafati bawo. Yimitsi leseijentiswa<br />
bafatingoOObakhanoma bakhulisa futsandvo. Imitsi leyetayefekile lengaphasi<br />
kwesibetsefelo ngulena: bhekaminangedvwa, mandzangekhatsi, naleminye.<br />
Umbhulelo Iigama leliseijentiswako emitsini leseijentiswa batsakatsi. Yimitsi<br />
yekubulala lena ngobe ihambisana nemikfwebho. Kuye kutselelwe bantfu<br />
endleleni noma etindzaweni letitsite ngenhloso yekutsi uma banyatsela<br />
kuleyondlelanomafeyondzawo babanjwekugula nomabashayekephasi bafe.<br />
Akusiko loku lokubalwe ngenhla kuphela lesingatsi kusisekelo sekwelapha<br />
kwesangoma, kukhona lokunve lokunyenti lokutsintsa emantielwandle, Iibhudlo.<br />
Iitfombonkhala, tinkhondvosi, sihlabatsi. umbane welitulu. tidvuli, nalokunye.<br />
Batsakatsi bayakwati kukugucula konkhe loku lokubalwe ngenhla kusebente<br />
ngendlela yabo yekucekela phasi.<br />
4.10 TINHLOBO TETlFO<br />
Tinyentififo letikhona ngaphasi kwemtfunti welilanga, kepha lapha sitawubuka<br />
letimbolwa.<br />
4.10.1 Emafufunyane<br />
Umuntfu usuke aphoswe ngetive. Tinyakata emtimbeni wakhe. Timunya<br />
ingati tidle nekudla lokusemtimbeni wakhe. NgekuchuOOka kwesikhatsi<br />
tenta umcondvo wakhe uphitsane, agcine asaphila njengeluhlanya.<br />
Ugcina akhuluma yedvwana. Labo labaphilile baye batsi ukhuluma<br />
vedvwo, kantsi vena usuke akhuluma netive lafakwe tona.<br />
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4.10.3<br />
Sidliso sifakwa ngebatsakatsi kumuntfu ngetindlela letimbili:<br />
• Kutselelwa butsi ekudleni; kanye<br />
• Nekufuntwa butsi emaphusheni bomoya lababi.<br />
Kudla sidliso ngaloku lokubalwe kwaba kwesibili, akunamandla<br />
lamakhulu ekubulala umuntfu. Lodlisiwe uyakwati kugijima ebelaphini<br />
asheshe alutfole lusito. Emandla esidliso sasemaphusheni mancane,<br />
akefani newekutselelwa ekudleni ngobe lapho kudaleka lomkhulu<br />
umonakalo.<br />
Uma lowomuntfu adliswe ngesibindzi sengwenya nebuchopho bentulo<br />
usindza ngenhlanhla. Usha Iingekhatsi, konkhe kube ticucu.<br />
Tangoma tisebentisa imitsi yekuhlanta ngenhloso yekukhipha sidliso<br />
nemboziso lesetjentiselwa kubolisa ticucu letisele emtimbeni tesidliso.<br />
Kubuye kusetjentiswe imitsi lehambisa slsu, igeze nemitsambo nemiva.<br />
Lubisi luye lububambe butsi bungasebenti njengobe kuhlele benti babo.<br />
Sidliso selashwa ngekusebentisa imitsi lehambisanako lefanana<br />
nelihlalanyatsi, gcumugcumu, sehlulamanye, naleminye. Ngemuva<br />
kwaloko bese kulandzela imitsi leguculako nalelwa nemagciwane<br />
emtimbeni.<br />
Inyongo lenyenti<br />
Uma inyongo iyinyenti emtimbeni wemuntfu iba yingoti. Umuntfu<br />
lophetfwe yinyongo uva emakhata nakushisa eve kushisa nakubcndza.<br />
Umtimba ushona phosl, uhlale udziniwe kube sengatsi bekwentiwa<br />
umsebenti lomkhulu. Uma ize yacitsekela ngekhatsi emtimbeni,<br />
kuyenteka lowomuntfu awufulatsele lomhlaba. Uma inyongo iyinyenti<br />
139
kakhulu kumuntfu uye abe nemaphupho lornobl, umtimba uhlala<br />
ubuhlungu ikakhulu inhloko nesisu.<br />
Tangoma tisebentisa umutsi lowatiwangekutsi sigibanyongoekuhlantiseni<br />
loyo lophetfwe yinyongo. lye iphume nematseketseke ative aphilile loyo<br />
abehlantiswa.<br />
Inyongo lesesibindzint emalungeni emtimba, kungcola kwesisu<br />
nasematfunjini ikhishwa ngekusebentisatimbita letakhiwe ngekusebentisa<br />
lemits;:<br />
• Umtfombotsi;<br />
• Umnhlonhlo;<br />
• Umdlebe;<br />
• Umfusamvu, naleminye.<br />
Umtfombotsi ngumutsi loneliphunga lelingemakha lanuka kamnandzi.<br />
Kuseijentiswa timphandze nemagcolo awo ngekutsi aphekwe abe<br />
yimbita lehambisako lekhipha kungcola esiswini, emitsanjent engatint<br />
emiveni nasetinsweni.<br />
Umdlebe ngumutsi lekumele usetjentiswe ngekunakekela lokukhulu<br />
ngobe emagcolo awo ngewemibhulelo lelwa nengati nemitsambo<br />
yonkhe yemtimba. Ukhipha ingati ngetimphumulo, ngetindlebe ubuye<br />
udvungeumcondvo. Kumele usetjentiswe nemahlulu emvu ubengumsiti,<br />
bese kubhicwa nelicimamlilo kuze kucosheke bomoya lababi.<br />
Umfusamvu kusetjentiswa emagcolo awo lafakwa emantini lafutfumele<br />
bese kuyahlantwa kuphume inyongo lesesibindzini naleyottiecitsekele<br />
ematfunjini.<br />
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4.10.4 Ematfumba<br />
Kuye kwenteke umuntfu amilwe ngematfumba etindzaweni letinyenti<br />
letisemtimbeni. Ematfumba lawa asuke akhombisa kungcola nembewu<br />
lengekhatsi emtimbeni. Ematfumba ahambisana nesikhumba lesibi<br />
lesibonakala ngemachuchumbana lavela ettrnboljenl letincane<br />
tesikhumba.<br />
Kuye kudzingeke kutsi kuliwe nembewu yawo ngekhatsi embikwekutsi<br />
kusefjentiswe imitsi yekugeza nekuhlikihla. Acala ngekutsi kube tilonjana<br />
letincane letiya ngekukhula tigcine titilondza letinkhulu letigcwele bovu.<br />
TIyabhamuka tivuleke tiphume bovu nengati.<br />
Uma kwelashwa ematfumba kuye kudzingeke kutsi kunakwe imitsambo<br />
nengati kucala embikwekubuka ematfumba. Kufuneka timbita tengati<br />
netemitsambo kucolo, bese kusenentiswc kwekugcobisa.<br />
Leminye imitsilelungisa ingati ngulena lelandzelako: Gwejelobuye atiwe<br />
ngekutsi ngugweje lobovu lonjengenfolwane. TImphandze talomutsi<br />
tiyabiliswa bese kuhlantwa ngato ngenhloso yekulungisa ingati, kususa<br />
ematfunti lamabi nekungcola lokusemtimbeni.<br />
Imitsi leguculako njengengwavuma emazombe, bhubhubhu naleminye<br />
iyelekelela ekucedzeni imbewu yengati lembi lebangela ematfumba.<br />
Kuye kube kuhle kutsi kusetlentiswe netimbita letikhiphanako letakhiwe<br />
ngemtfombotsi, umhlonhlo, vutsane, naleminye.<br />
Ematfumba elapheka ngekutsi ayavuleka, abhibhe, agcine omile<br />
atilonjana letincane letigcina tipholile kusele emabadlana lamancane.<br />
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4.10.7<br />
tihluphe kakhulu entasi kwemahlombe.<br />
Lapho kucedvwa tibhobo kuse1jentiswa timphandze temangwe<br />
letichashwako tihlanganiswe netimphandze telicimamlilo. Esikhatsini<br />
lesinyenti tibhobo tibangelwa kungahambi kahle kwengati emitsanjeni<br />
lokungabangelwa: kungabi nengati leyenele noma kubo nengati<br />
lenyenti kakhulu; kutsintsekanomakuphazamiseka kwemitsamboyengati<br />
kanye nemalumbo. Kuyenteka ngalesinye sikhatsi utfole kutsi yingati<br />
lengcolile.<br />
Uma kwelashwatibhobokumelekuse1jentiswe imitsi lefutfumetaumtimba<br />
ujuluke sifo noma kungcola kuphume ngetimbo1jana letincane<br />
letisemtimbeni. Kuye kudzingeke kutsi kulandzeliswe ngalekhiphakonkhe<br />
kungcola lokusemtimbeni letimbita letihambisako, bese kulandzela<br />
leguculako ngekutsi ibuyise emandla.<br />
Uma kutibhobo temalumbo kuye kudzingeke yona imitsi yemalumbo<br />
letawubukananatongekutsi loyolowelashwako ahlante, ageze, angene<br />
ephungulweni abuye abhunyiselwe.<br />
Luhudvo<br />
Sifo seluhudvo sibuye sibitwe ngekutsi ngumsheko noma ikholera.<br />
Sitfolakala ngekunatsa emanti langcolile noma ngekudla kudla<br />
lokungcoliswe ngemanti, timphungane noma tandla letingcolile.<br />
Ernagciwane eluhudvo atfolakala endleni yemuntfu.<br />
Timphawu talesifo nguleti letilandzelako:<br />
143
4.10.8<br />
• Kuhlanta;<br />
• Luhudvo; tutsi<br />
• Nekulahlekelwa ngemanti emtimbeni<br />
Kuvikela luhudvo kudzingeka kuseljentiswe emanti lahlantekile noma<br />
labilisiwe. Kunatsa emanti lamanyenti latakwe shukela nasawoti<br />
lomncane. Umbhubhudlo uyasidzambisa sito seluhudvo Ole afinyelele<br />
kubelaphi love lesimphetse.<br />
Kuseljentiswaemagcolo emganulokuchatfwa ngawo kuphele luhudvo.<br />
Kubuye kuseljentiswe timphandze temutsi emangwe lekuchatfwa ngato<br />
bese luyaphela luhudvo. Ngemuva kwaloko kuye kudzingeke imitsi<br />
leguculako leletsa emandla yandzise nengati. Labanyenti baye<br />
basebentise emazombe, gobandlovu, umzungulu, naleminye.<br />
Luhudvo sito lesimele siphutfunyelwe ngobe siyingoti lenkhulu. Sigcina<br />
simncobile lesimphetse uma ingekho imitamo lephutfumako leyentiwe.<br />
Malaleveva<br />
Sito lesatiwa ngekutsi ngumalalevevasaniketwa leligama ngobeumunffu<br />
lesisuke simphetse ulala aveva. Labanye batsi luchucho ngobe<br />
lesimphetse uhlala ovela emakhata njalo, achuche noma kushisa. Sito<br />
lesitfolakala etindzaweni letishisako njengaseMozambiki, eMphumalanga<br />
yeSwatini, eMphumalanga, emphumalanga yeUmpopo kanye<br />
nasenyaktfo yeKwOZulu - Natal.<br />
l1ndzawo letitsintseka kakhulu ngalesito samalaleveva nguleti<br />
letilandzelako: Jozinl, Ingwavuma, Malelane, Komatipoort Hazyview,<br />
Skukuza, Satara, Letaba, Shingwedzi, Messina, Punda Maria, Maputo,<br />
144
naletinye. Tilondvolotamvelo letifana naleti: Sharaluml, timbavati,<br />
Thomybush, Manyeleti, Sable-sand, Ndurno, Tembe naletinye titsintseka<br />
kakhulu ngalesifo.<br />
Sifoleslbangelwa kulunywa imindozolwane,timbuzulwane phelangekutsi<br />
imunye ingati yalomunye umuntfu iyoyifaka kulomunye. Ugciwane<br />
lamalaleveva Iitfolakalaetinhlayiyenl tengati letibovu, IikhulalizeIichume,<br />
loko lokusho kutalana nekwandza kwalamagciwane.<br />
Kubalekela kulunywa imlndozolwane kudzinga letinyatselo:<br />
• Kuhlala endlini levalekile lapho seliyewushona;<br />
• Kugcoka tingubo letinemikhono nemilente lemidze; kanye<br />
• Nekufutsa indlu ngesifutsatilokafane (aerosol insecticide).<br />
Imitsi leyelapha luchucho umhlonyane, lishongwe, linyatselo, umdoni,<br />
sihlekahlekane, naleminye. Ushongwe kusetjentiswa timphandze tala<br />
kwentiwe imbita yekucatseka nekugabha. Ushongwe licedza<br />
umtfundzangati, tindvuna ebusweni, sisu sengati, kuvuta noma idilobha<br />
lebantfu labanyenti balibita ngekutsi Iijovela kanye nekuchucha.<br />
Sihlekahlekane ngumutsi lohlanganiswa nemanti lafutfumele bese<br />
kugezwa ngawo, unatfwekubuywe kucatsekwengawo kuphele tilondza<br />
letingekhatsi emtimbeni.<br />
145
4.10.9 Umbulalave<br />
Sifo lesibitwa ngemagama lamanyenti ngenca yebungoti baso. Kutsiwa<br />
umbula/ave, ngumabhubhisa, ngutsafsakanye, yingculazi, yi-AIDS,<br />
nalamanye. I-AIDS imele lamagama lalandzelako: Acquired Immune<br />
Deficiency Syndrome. Sifo lesibangelwa yi- Human Immunodeficiency<br />
Virus (HIV). Ligciwane lalesifo Iihlala iminyaka leminyenti<br />
embikwekutibonakalisa.<br />
TImphawu talesifo kuba nguleti letilandzelako:<br />
• Kuvuvukatindlalaentsanyeni, emakhwapheni netimbilapho;<br />
• Kunakashela kwemfiva noma umkhuhlane longapheli;<br />
• Kujuluka kakhulu ebusuku;<br />
• Kuhlambuluka kwesisu lokungancamuki; kanye<br />
• Nekutsikameteka kwemcondvo nekuba netilondza<br />
emtimbeni.<br />
Akekho namunye umelaphi lophumele ebaleni wotsl angawelapha<br />
umbulalave, kepha bonkhe bachamuke netifanekiso (models) lekumele<br />
tilandzelwe. TIbonelo tetifanekiso nguleti:<br />
Sifanekiso saFusi Khatwane kaShabalala sime kanje:<br />
ISangoma 2 IJ Sangoma 3 I I Sangoma 4<br />
146<br />
I Sangoma 51
Sangoma<br />
Emavi okhe: -Kumele sibe Jishumi nesihlanu sihlangonise konkhe<br />
lesikwatiko. Kufanele sieale ngekwehlukano, besesihlangana kanje 7na<br />
2 7na 3.2 na 4, 2 na 5, 3 na 6, 3 no 7,4 na8.4na 9, 5 no 7Q 5 na 77, 6<br />
no 72 6 no 73, 7 no 74, 7 no 75ekugcineni kuhlanganwe kUbe Jieembu<br />
lemolungo longu 75.:<br />
Sifonekiso soSilwone Sifundzo koMhlongo sime konje:<br />
147
emini nantsambama. Kufanele kucinwe ekubhunyiseni tinyamatane<br />
nasekunatseni timboziso.<br />
Uma kwelashwa umuntfu lonetive welashwa ngendlela lenesihlukwana<br />
ngobe nato tiyalwa ngekhatsi ngobe tingafuni kuphuma kolulo.<br />
4.10.11 Lukhwekhwe<br />
Lukhwekhwe sifo lesitsatselwanako lesatiwa ngemagama lamanyenti.<br />
Satiwa ngekutsilutwayi, imbutibeyishukanoma ingcwayimbani. Umtimba<br />
wonkhe ugcwala tilonjana letinyenti letilumako. Tliuma kokhulu raphe<br />
titfola kushisa. Umuntfu lesimphetse uhlala atitsaphuta emtimbeni njalo.<br />
Lesi sifo lesivamise kubamba bantfu labanyenti ngobe siyatsatselwana<br />
ngenca yekusebentisa tintfo tinye ekhaya letifanana netitja netingubo.<br />
TUonjana letincane tibonakala etimbotjaneni letineboya emtimbeni.<br />
Kuye kudzingeke imitsi lejulukisanako ngekutsi kufutfumale umtimba<br />
netintelezi leticitsa emalumbo. Kuye kwenteke kulesinye sikhatsi kutsikube<br />
lukhwekhwe Iwemalumbo.<br />
Selaph! bendzabuko baye batfolisise kahle kutsi kumele kuhlanganiswe<br />
miphi namiphi imitsi yendzabuko kute kwelapheke letilondza letilumako.<br />
Lukhwekhwe aluvami kuphatsa umuntfu sikhatsi lesidze luyashesha<br />
kuphola uma kuhlanganiswe imitsi lefanele. Lukhwekhwe alukhetsi<br />
ngOba lubamba lomdzala nalomncane. Luyaluma utitsaphuta ugcine<br />
unemanceba etilondza. Uma ubanjwe lukhwekhwe ayikho imisebenti<br />
lebalulekile lewungaphumelela kuyenta ngemphumelelo ngobe<br />
kunakashela lona nje umtimba ulurne, utitsaphute kugcine kuphele<br />
sineke.<br />
149
4.10.12 Siphetfo<br />
TItfo tetilwane tibalulekile ekwakheni imitsiyekwelapha. Lapha kubalwe<br />
tilwane tasendle letilandzelako: bhejane. libhubesl, ingwe. lrnphlsl,<br />
ingwenya. imfene. inkonkoni nemvubu. Kukhetfwe letimbafwa<br />
kuletinyenti.<br />
TIlwane tasekhaya kubalwe inkhomo. lrnburl, imvu nenkhukhu kuphela.<br />
Loko akusho kutsi lefi lefinye tilwane tasekhaya lefifana nelihhashi, inja.<br />
ingulube nelikati atikabaluleki kepha bekugcanyiswa lokuphatselene<br />
nemadlofi kakhulu kunekubuka silwane sinjengobe sinjalo.<br />
Kukhetfwe finyoni lefimbalwa kwabukwa kwenta nekubaluleka kwato<br />
ekwakhiweni kwemakhambi ekwelapha. Kusebenta kwemitsi kuhlelwe<br />
ngendlelalegcogcekilengekubukatikhululamisipha. tipholisamanceba.<br />
tifutfumetamtimba. telaphaluchucho netintelezi. Leminye imitsi ibuye<br />
igabancele kulamanye emagcogco. Tibonelo: Emangwe<br />
aticedzamikhuhlane netiletsamandla. Ingwavuma iticedzatinhlungu<br />
netiletsamandla.<br />
150
5.0 SIPHETFO NETlNCOMO<br />
5.1 SINGENISO<br />
4<br />
SEHLUK05<br />
Tangoma tenta lomkhulu umsebenti ekutfutfukiseni lulwimi IwesiSwati.<br />
Emagama abukwe ngendlela lendzala lesisekelo semphilo yesive nalensha<br />
letsintsa inchazomagama legudlukile (semantic shift) njengemagama lafana<br />
nalawa: Inyanga- umuntfu lowelapha ngemakhambi nadokotela, lowelapha<br />
ngetindlela taseNshonalanga. Uffwasa - umuntfu lofundzela bungoma,<br />
nemuntfu lofundzela nome ngumuphi umsebenti: buthishela, bUhlengikati,<br />
buphoyisa naleminye.<br />
TInhloso telucwaningotifezeke ngekugcamakwelulwimi nemakhono lehlukene<br />
laveta imisebenti yeluhlelo, yekuchumana, yekusita, yekumela, yemifanekiso<br />
naleminye. Umlandvo webungoma ushiyelwe labanye bacwaningi ngobe<br />
kumele ucalwe eBhayibhelini leliNgcwele etindzaweni taseMphumalanga<br />
leMaphakatsi, kwendlulelwe eYurophu bese kubuywa e-Afrika.<br />
5.2 SIPHETFO NGALOKUPHATSELENE NEBUNGOMA<br />
Kwehlukana kwetinhlobo tebelaphi labatfwasile nalabangaketfwasi kusivetele<br />
emandla ekusebenta kwemadioti, kutinikela nekusebenta ngekwetsembeka.<br />
Indlela yemisebenti igcame kahle ngekutsi onkhe emagama latimonkhulumo<br />
aseljentiswe emishweni,etigabeni nasengcocweni. Indlelayemisebenti ibhicwe<br />
neyeluchumano kuto tonkhe tingcoco netigaba ngenhloso yekuletsa<br />
lubumbano nemicondvo lephelele.<br />
Kulolucwaningo kuvelile kutsi akusuye wonkhe umuntfu lophendvuka abe<br />
152
sangoma, kepha bungoma lobu busho kutinikela, lubito nekubhoboka kwelidloti<br />
sibili. Akusiyo indlela yekwenta imali masinyane noma lekumele uyilandzele<br />
ngobe wece umeco lewubhicwe nemhlabatsi wemaliba njengobe kwenteka<br />
kulabanyenti bese balandzela umgudvu wekwetfwasa <<br />
kwelashwe lomeco.<br />
esikhundleni sekutsi<br />
Kunyentilokuvelile mayelananekwetfwasa, timphawutekutfwasa, kusetjentiswa<br />
kwetinhlola, imvelaphi yemimoya yebungoma, buhlobo lobukhombisa kutsi<br />
sangoma ngumuntfu njengebantfu bonkhe. Noma sesibitwa ngemagama<br />
lamanyelatana nalawamntfwanelidloti, thokoza, makhosi. Nalamanye Kepha<br />
lake akusenti singabitwa ngababe namake, gogo namkhutu, mkhutawami<br />
namkhwenyanewelfu, nalamanye. Inhlonipho yetangoma ivetiwe ngetindlela<br />
letehlukene futsi ikhombise kuba sisekelo semphilo. Inhlonipho nekwenta<br />
kwetangoma kuyahambelana nenkholo yesintfu levetwa ngulomunye<br />
webacwaningi. Lubisi (2002: 165) uniketa lombono lolandzelako ngenkholo<br />
yesintfu lesisekelo semphilo vema-Afrika:<br />
Inkhala yesintfu yenta umuntfu akwati kutiislba. ongenti intfa tebu/wane<br />
na/eh/atimulisa umtimba. Kuba/u/ekilekugcize/e/a kutsiinkhala yesintfu akusiya<br />
lawungohamba ushumaye/o ufuna bantfu bagucuke/e kuyo kepha yintfa<br />
lengekhatsi emntfwini.<br />
5.3 SIPHETFO NGETINGOMA IDANGOMA<br />
TIngoma tetangoma tikhombise bugabazi nebugagu besive. Loko kugcame<br />
kahle kutsi tangoma bacambi, timbangi, bahayi, emagagu, emagabazi<br />
nemaciko ekubeka inkhulumo noma umcondvo ngendlela yengoma.<br />
Etingomeni tetangoma kulapho kuphawuleke khona umgcumo noma<br />
umnyakato lonesigci lesilandzelelekoko, ti1foluvelo tekubona (sight/vision),<br />
kutsintsa (touch), tekuhogela (smell/olfactory, tekuva (heating auditory),<br />
153
tekunambitsa (taste/gustatory) nekubikelwa (lntultive/telephotnic).<br />
Sangoma sigabe ngeliphimbo, ngekugidza, ngekubhula nekusebentisa imitsi<br />
ngendlela leyemukelekako nalefanele kanye nekwenta imisebenti leminye<br />
yesive (communitywork) nekutimisela, kwetsembeka nangebucotfo. TItfoluvelo<br />
netimoluvelo tigcama kahle etingcikitsini tetingoma tetangoma.<br />
5.4 SIPHETFO NGETlHLAHLA NETIFO<br />
Kutfolakele kulolucwaningo kutsiimitsi yadalwa nguSomandla kutsi yelaphetifo<br />
i1etse imphilo lenhle ebantfwini. Tangomabantfu labasebentisa imitsi ngendlela<br />
yekuyalwa ngemadloti. Ngiko nje sangoma lesisebentisa imitsi ngendlela<br />
lephambukile siye sihunguleke sigcine sesiphanjanelwe yinhloko. Imphilo<br />
yemuntfu wase-Afrika yeyameleemitsini leyehlukene. Kwelapha ngemitsi kusho<br />
kututso, kubhunyisa. kuhlanta, kunatsa imitsi. kukhotsa tinslti nalokunye<br />
lokunyenti. Imitsi yadalelwa kuphilisa hhayi kubulala. Vadalelwa kutsi<br />
isetjentiswe ngendlela lefanele kepha ingabi yimihlobiso yalena etigangeni.<br />
lublsl (2002: 181) uphawula ngekwelapha kwendzabuko kanje:<br />
Kutfo/ake/e kutsi kubukela phansi /aba/apha ngemitsi yesintfu<br />
kwenta kutsi bantfu bate busaphasapha ngobe /etinye tifo<br />
tilapheka ngesintfu kuphe/a .... Kantsi futsi nalesifo<br />
/esingumbula/ave naso aliffo/akali likhambi nje kutsi ba/aphi<br />
OOndzabukobabuke/waphansikantsinetihlah/a /aba/aphangato<br />
setovale/eka etichiwini nasemapulazini ebe/umbi. Manje ba/aphi<br />
bendzabuko abakwati kuyewutfo/a /emitsi ba/aphe sive.<br />
Kuphakanyiswa kutsi hu/umende alungenele loludzaba nangabe<br />
ba/aphi OOndzabuko banganiketwa imvume yekungena kuleto<br />
tindzawo /apho kukhona khona imitsibayimOO baphilise sive.<br />
154
TInyenti fifo letelashwa imitsi yesintfu ngako-ke kumele kungehlukanwa nayo<br />
ngobe i1uphawu Iwemvelaphi yetfu. Alikho Iikusasa lesiyawukuba nolo uma<br />
sikhohlwe Iitolo. Utolo nelinamuhla kungumhlahlandlela welikusasa. TInyenti<br />
letinye tifo letingakabalwaelucwaningweni kepha letelapheka kalula ngemitsi<br />
yesintfu letifana neliphika. siyeti. sinye. tinso. sllurno. sichitfo. emajacamba.<br />
kucumbelana. umklwebho nemtfundzangati site lesiye sibangelwe<br />
ngemagciwane latfolakala emantini lemile esitiba. esitete noma sicoja<br />
newemfula longagijimi. TImphawu talesifo kuba kutfundza ingati. Selashwa<br />
ngelishongwe naleminye imitsi.<br />
Uma belaphi bendzabuko: tangoma. tinyanga. bafembi. nalabanye<br />
banganiketwa ematfuba lafanele imimoya(spirits) yabo ingabaniketa<br />
tisombululo ngemakhambi langelapha letito letinemandla.<br />
Natiletinyetinhlobotetito lekutanele kucwaningisiswe kahle ngatokute kusindze<br />
lobo letibaphetse:<br />
•<br />
Umhlata;<br />
• Gagabukane;<br />
• Umdlopha;<br />
• Silumo;<br />
• Uphika;<br />
• Imfinyeti;<br />
• Luvendle;<br />
• Ematfumba;<br />
• Siyeti;<br />
• Kucumbelana;<br />
• Uphunga lelibi;<br />
• TInhlabela / ematatawane;<br />
• Emanljinljiwane;<br />
• Emajikantsamo;<br />
155
akhombisa bukhulu bakhe njengalawa: Mlentemunye, uMdalL uMenti,<br />
Nkulunkulu, utfongonchanti, uMvelinchanti, uMninimandla, Simakadze, Losetulu.<br />
nalamanye.<br />
5.5 T1NCOMO NGEMIPHUMELA YELUCWANINGO<br />
Umnyango weTemasiko kumele ukwesekele ngalokuphelele kusebenta<br />
kwetangoma ngekutsi unikete tonkhe tidzingo letifanele. Kusebentisa imitsi<br />
yesintfu, kugidza, kuhlabelela, nalokunye lokunyenti kungemagugu esive<br />
laneligalelo lelibanti emasikweni ngako-ke kumele kulondvoloteke kahle ngobe<br />
kulifa laphakadze.<br />
Umnyango weTemphiio kumele utinikete emandla lamakhulu ekwelapha<br />
ngekubambisana nabodokotela, ikakhulu etifweni letifana nemafufunyane,<br />
Iiphika, umbulalave, imikhuhlane, naletinye letinyenti. Ukhulu Iigalelo<br />
lelingentiwa belaphi besintfu ekwelapheni tifo letinemandlafutsilesetibhubhise<br />
live.<br />
Tangoma kumele tisebente ngaphasi kwemitsetfo-migomo lehlelekile futsi<br />
lephetfwe eMnyangweni lotsite munye. Loko kutawukwenta kusebenta kwato<br />
kube nesitfunti, szotso. bucotfo nekwemukeleka lokuphelele esiveni. Kumele<br />
kusebenta kwetangoma kuhlolwe, kwesekelwe, kutfutfukiswe nemiphumela<br />
yako ibhalwe phasi live Iikwati kuyifundza. Umkhandlu welucwaningo kutemitsi<br />
eNingizima Afrika iSouth African Medical Research Council kumeleusebentisane<br />
nebelaphi besintfu: tangoma, tinyanga, bafembi, nalabanye ekufuneni<br />
emakhambi langelapha tifo letilubhubhane njengembulalave nemhlata.<br />
Kumele kubekwe kucace kutsi lesonaleso sitotangoma tisilapha ngamiphi imitsi<br />
kuze kwati ngisho nebatukula ngalokwentiwa tangoma. Kufanele kugcame<br />
Iithebula lelinje:<br />
157
SIFO UMUTSI UMTSAMO<br />
UKHAMBI IMBITAINSITI<br />
Sitfutfwane<br />
luhudvo<br />
Tibhobo<br />
Ematfumba<br />
Umkhuhlane<br />
Emafufunvane<br />
Belaphi bendzabuko kumele baniketwe indzawo, nematfuba labafanele kute<br />
balekelele ekwelapheni letifo letinyenti lesetivumbuke njengemakhowa<br />
kulesikhatsilesiphila kuso, Kwesekeleka kwabo ngendlela lefanele kuyawuletsa<br />
umehluko esiveni sonkhe.<br />
158
6.0 IMITFOMBO YELWATI<br />
6.1 TINCWADZI<br />
Becker, P.<br />
Brown, H.D.<br />
1979: Inland Tribes af Southern Africa. London:<br />
Granada.<br />
1987: Principles of Language, Learningand Teaching.<br />
San Francisco: Prentice-Hall.<br />
Collier's Encyclopedia. 1971:·Crowell - Collier Education Corporation. New<br />
Ginindza,T.T.<br />
Grant E.W.<br />
Isaac, S. et 01.<br />
Kasenene, P.<br />
Krige, E.J.<br />
Levi-Strauss, C.<br />
York: Collier and Son Ltd.<br />
1992: Sibongo Swazi Clan Names and Clan Praises.<br />
Manzini: Blue Moon Printing Company.<br />
1974: Izibongo of the Zulu Chiefs. Bantu Studies<br />
Volume 3 Johannesburg: Wits Press.<br />
1982: Handbook in research and evaluation. San<br />
Diego: Edits Publishers.<br />
1993: Swazi Traditional Religion and Society.<br />
Mbabane: Websters Publishers.<br />
1950: TheSocialSystem of the Zulus. PieterrnaritIDurg:<br />
Shuter & Shooter.<br />
1963: Structural Anthropology. Middlexes: Penguin<br />
Books.<br />
159
lublsl, P.M.<br />
Makhubu, L<br />
Murdock, G.P.<br />
Nkosi, DE<br />
Ntsanwisi. H.w.E.<br />
Saville-Troike, M.<br />
Schapera, I.C. (00)<br />
Simelane, S.l. et al.<br />
Smith, P.<br />
2002: Kubuka ngeliso lelibanti Iigalelo lemasiko<br />
nenkholo yebantfu ekutalweni kabusha kwe<br />
Afrika kubukwe ngco sive semaSwati.<br />
Lucwaningo Iweticu tebudokotela<br />
lolungakashicilelwa. KwaDlangezwa: Inyuwesi<br />
yakalulu.<br />
1978: The Traditional Healer. Kwaluseni: University of<br />
Botswana and Swaziland.<br />
1959: Africa, its Peoplesandtheir CultureHistory. New<br />
York: McGraw-HilI.<br />
1994: Umtuso. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.<br />
1968: Tsonga Idioms. Johannesburg: Swiss Mission.<br />
1981: The Ethnography of Communication: An<br />
Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.<br />
1946: Traditional Uteroture: Bantu Speaking Tribes of<br />
South Africa.Cape Town: Maskew Miller.<br />
1991: Umnsinsi. Kenwyn: Juta Publishers.<br />
1957: Words and Idioms. London: Constable<br />
Publishers.<br />
160
Thwala, J.J.<br />
Von Kapff, U.<br />
2000: An explication of some aspects of Christian<br />
ThembaMsimang'spoetry. LucwaningoIweticu<br />
tebudokotela lolungakashicilelwa.<br />
KwaDlangezwa: Enyuvesi yakOZulu.<br />
1997: Zulu "People of Heaven". Umhlanga Rocks:<br />
Holiday Africa Publications.<br />
161
6.2 TANGOMA<br />
SIBONGO NEUGAMA IMINYAKA INDZAWO<br />
(a) Bhernbe. Mfana 96 eMaobodzi<br />
(b) Dvuba. Vela 75 Lubhalule<br />
(e) Dludlu, Mabamba 79 Kamhlushwa<br />
(d) Gama.Cocile 82 Kamdladla<br />
(e) Jele. Khombile 59 kaChibikhulu<br />
(f) Khatwane. Fusi 63 kaShabalala<br />
(0) Kunene. Themba 92 INowepisl<br />
(h) lukhele. Khetsa 51 eMhluzi<br />
(i) Mabila.Vuma 58 KaLamaoadlela<br />
(j) Mabuza. MseOOnti 69 eMzinti<br />
(k) Manan. Nhloko 72 eNtunda<br />
(1) Mdluli. Khutsala 70 eMasibekela<br />
(m) Msibi. Funwako 54 eSivabuswa<br />
(n) Motsa. Butsile 50 Kanyamazane<br />
(0) Noomane. Sipho 67 eMsobotieni<br />
(p) Shiba. Mbuso 77 eMhlonoamvula<br />
(a) Sibandze. Bandla 94 eMiindini<br />
(r) SiOOko. Landziwe 49 kaNtolwane<br />
(s) Shonawe. Mzwokhe 34 Elukwatini<br />
en Sibanvoni. Mfula 67 Silobela<br />
(u) Sifundza. Silwane 60 KaMhlanaa<br />
(v) Sukati. Hlulelile 66 eMalahleni<br />
(w) Tfwala. Futile 39 Elanqwane<br />
(x) Ifurnbelo, Tsandza 44 iMpuluzi<br />
(v) Tsabedze. Mbuti 61 eSwalala<br />
(z) Tselo. Mandlakhe 55 eMjejane<br />
(co) Vilane. Mafulela 93 iMzinoni<br />
(bb) Vilakati. Mlandzeli 59 Dlomodlomo<br />
(cc) ZUlu. TIkhali 68 Nkomazi<br />
(dd) Zwane. Khulumile 70 eMlomo<br />
6.3 SICHIBIYELO<br />
Luhla Iwetingoma ngekwenngcikitsi toto<br />
I. Kufundzisa, kuknutscto nekumisa sibindzi<br />
(a) Ngifundzise<br />
Ngifundzise dian loml,<br />
Ngifundzise gogo wcrnt<br />
162
Emagumbi lemon' emhlaba<br />
Agcolotel' imisebenti vornl,<br />
Ngifundzise dloti lemadloti.<br />
(b) Indlela<br />
Ngibonis' indlela khokho,<br />
Ngibonis' indlela rnkhulu,<br />
Ngibanis' indlela babe,<br />
Nom' emehlo afIphele,<br />
Nom' emadvundv' advundvubele,<br />
Ngibonis' lndlelo. ngibonise.<br />
(c) Ngivuleleni<br />
Ngivulelen'inyatselo,<br />
Ngiy' etigangeni ngiyewugubha,<br />
Ngiye' etintsabeni ngiyewugubha,<br />
Yivuleni bogogo,<br />
Yivuleni bomkhulu.<br />
(d) Makhehla<br />
Makhehl' ami ngingewenu,<br />
Ngingewenu kukubi kukuhle.<br />
Ngingewenu Iishisa Iigucubele,<br />
Ngimiseni sibindzi makhehl' ami.<br />
(e) Ngiyawuyibamba<br />
Ngiyawuyibamba njalo Dloti lornl.<br />
Nom'umfula ugcwele,<br />
Ngiyawuwela,<br />
Noma tintsaba tiphakeme,<br />
Ngiyawukhuphuka.<br />
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(f) Yuma<br />
Vuma mntfwanelidloti,<br />
Vuma kulabalele,<br />
Bakutfume utfumeke,<br />
Bakuph' emandla,<br />
Bakuphe sibindzi<br />
Vuma mntfwanelidloti.<br />
(g) Umuhle<br />
Umuhle dlati lami,<br />
Umuhle dlati lornt<br />
Ungiwet' imifula,<br />
Ungifundzisetihlahla.<br />
(h) Hambo<br />
Hamba nami goga,<br />
Siyogubha timphandze,<br />
Ngetimphandze ngigogodze,<br />
Goga wami, hamba nami.<br />
(i) Udloti Lami<br />
Gog wami, lidlati lami,<br />
Mkhulu wami, lidlati lornl<br />
Babe wami, lidlati lornl<br />
Make wami, lidlati lami,<br />
Ngingumntfwanemadloti:<br />
Angisekele ngapha nangale,<br />
Angesusa ngilele ngihamba,<br />
Angelusa ngihamba ngilele.<br />
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(j) Inkhomo<br />
Ayibuye inkhomo vobobobe.<br />
Ngiyihlindze ngiyihlahlele,<br />
Ngitsatse sibindzi ngelaphe,<br />
Ngitsats' inhlitiyo ngelaphe,<br />
Ngitsats' umganga ngelaphe.<br />
(1
Ungishanisa Ie nole,<br />
Ungikhamba Ie nole,<br />
Mine ngiwelidlati,<br />
Yemhlaba... Yemhlaba.<br />
(0) Ngil
(a) Imphangele<br />
Ngigcwele tiganga<br />
Ngiphendvuk' imphangele<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lornl,<br />
Tindzaba takho dloti lami.<br />
(b) Needze<br />
Ningibona nginguncedze<br />
Ngentiwa lidloti,<br />
Ngilutfutfuva samphunga,<br />
Ngencobile Iidloti.<br />
(c) Bobabe bakhashane<br />
Bobabe bakhashane,<br />
Bakhashane,<br />
Bobabe baseMgobodzi,<br />
Bakhashane,<br />
Bobabe baseMhlume,<br />
Bakhashane.<br />
(d) Baphelile<br />
Lomhlaba ucedze bakitsi,<br />
Yuma baphansi,<br />
Baphelile bakitsi;<br />
Yuma baphansi,<br />
Baphelile nya.<br />
(e) Ngitawuhamba NaJo<br />
Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nolo,<br />
Ngelami lelidloti, ngitawuhamba nolo,<br />
167
sengitawuhamba nalo babe,<br />
Ngitawuhamba nalo make,<br />
Sengitawuhamba nalo batali.<br />
(f) Tiganga<br />
Ningigcwalise tiganga,<br />
Ngifun'imphilo,<br />
Ngewuse tigodzi,<br />
Ngakhuphuk' imimango,<br />
Dloti lami! Dloti lami!<br />
(g) Imifula<br />
Siwel' imifula nemifudlana,<br />
Sitfungats'imphilo<br />
Imphilo siyitfolile<br />
Ngemuva kweminyakanyaka,<br />
Siyitfolile madloti.<br />
(h) Emaliba<br />
Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />
Aph' emalib' abobabe?<br />
Kwaijalw' ummbila<br />
Ummbil' etikwawo.<br />
Ngiyakwesaba nkhonjane!<br />
(i) Sikhulu<br />
Sikhulu, sikhulu sibili?<br />
Sikhulu, sikhulusakanhlaka?<br />
Sikhonjwe Ie nale<br />
Sikhonjwa ngapha nangale<br />
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(j) Bangishiyile<br />
Babe ungishiyile.<br />
Make uhambile.<br />
Mkhulu wendvulele.<br />
Gogo wendlalele.<br />
Lomhlab' uyahlaba.<br />
Ngisele ngedvwana,<br />
Bangishiyile - bangishiyile.<br />
(k) Angisalali<br />
Angisalali, sengilal' etigangeni.<br />
Angisalali, sengilal' emahlatsini.<br />
Ngaye ngahlupheka yenebakitsi.<br />
Ngahlupheka mine yenebakitsi.<br />
Inhlupheko ingicondzile.<br />
(I) Yaclzaclzewetfu<br />
Inkhomo yadzadzwetfu ingalali phasi.<br />
Inkhomo yadzadzewetfu ingalali phcst<br />
Ayivuke. ingalali phosl<br />
Ayivuke. ingalali phasi.<br />
(m) Angimange ngitente<br />
Mine angitentanga. ngentiwa ngulabalele.<br />
Veshoba lorni, Veshoba lami!<br />
Mine angimange ngitente babe.<br />
Veshoba lami! Veshoba lami!<br />
Ngentiwa ngulabalele.<br />
(n) Ayihlome<br />
Wo. ayihlome.<br />
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Hhayi ... hhayi ...<br />
Badlal' enhloko yami<br />
Bentani? Bentani bona?<br />
Badlal' enhloko yami.<br />
(0) Inyanga Vami<br />
(P) Vulani<br />
Inyanga yami yangati ngelidloti lornl,<br />
Udloti lami ...<br />
Inyanga yami yangati ngelidloti lornl,<br />
Ngiyo leyangati ngelidloti lami.<br />
Sivuleleni singene.<br />
Vufani emasango,<br />
Vulan' emasango singene,<br />
Vulani emasango,<br />
Vulan' emasango singene,<br />
VuJani emasango.<br />
(q) Tfongo lami<br />
Akube kuhle tfongo lami<br />
Ngicel' ernodlotlnl<br />
Akube kuhle tfongo lornt<br />
Ngicel'emadlotini.<br />
(r) Udloti lami<br />
Yelidloti lami be,<br />
Labaleka layawukhwel' intsaba<br />
Naliya! Naliya!<br />
Uyabaleka Iikhwel' intsaba<br />
Naliya! Naliya!<br />
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III. Lutsandvo, bunye nelubumbano<br />
(a) Ningitsandzile<br />
Ningitsandzile labadzala,<br />
Ningitsandzile bokhokho boml<br />
Lamuhla ngiphetse sikhwama,<br />
Sikhwama senu labadzala,<br />
Senu bokhokho bami.<br />
(b) sokc lami<br />
Yesoka lornl,<br />
Ungishiye wangifulafsela,<br />
Sicatjaniswa lidloti lami,<br />
Hamba uyewushona<br />
Uyewushona mshiya Iowa<br />
Yesoka lami.<br />
(c) Bogogo<br />
Ningiwetile ... ningiwetile,<br />
Bogogo ningiwetile,<br />
Sengingesheya kwemfula<br />
Ngelutsandvo Iwenu bogogo,<br />
Sengingesheya kwemfula.<br />
(d) Ngelidloti lami<br />
Ngelidloti lami<br />
Ngitsandza batali bcrnt<br />
Ngitsandza bantfwabami,<br />
Ngitsandza tinini tornt<br />
Ngelidloti lami.<br />
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(e) Ngiwete<br />
Ngiwete dlati lcrnl<br />
Ngiwelele ngesheya,<br />
Ngesheya kweLubhalule<br />
Lalungawelwa muntfu phaca.<br />
Ngiwete dlati lami<br />
Dlati lemfundvumala lengapheli,<br />
Dlati lelutsandva lalungapheli,<br />
Ngiwete dlat lami.<br />
(f) Asibambene<br />
Asibambane tfanga lornl,<br />
Yindze lendlela ...<br />
Asibambane mhali wornl<br />
Yindze lendlela ...<br />
(g) Hamba Nemi<br />
Hamba nami kuletimikheleketse,<br />
Hamba natsi kuletiphakeme,<br />
. TIphakeme ngangeteluKhalamba.<br />
Hambanami .<br />
Hamba natsi .<br />
(h) Soke Ndzini<br />
Hamba saka ndzini,<br />
Ngiwelidlati mine<br />
Lelinatsa kulesijulile,<br />
Hambasaka ...<br />
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(I) Lutsandvo<br />
Luphi lutsandvo Iwami?<br />
Lusematfongeni.<br />
Luphi lutsandvo Iwami?<br />
Lusematfongeni.<br />
(j) Hlanganani<br />
Hlanganani slve.<br />
Hlanganani nibe rnunve.<br />
Hlanganani nibuswe bunye,<br />
Hlanganani nikhulume ngebunye.<br />
(1
(n) Bunye<br />
Imbokodvo yemaSwati<br />
Inyandza yemaSwati<br />
Inkhatsa yakoZulu<br />
Buye... bunye wekunene.<br />
(0) S'tsandvwa<br />
Buya s'tscndvwo<br />
Buy'ungahambi,<br />
Noma Iidloti<br />
SelingitfumbW akusenani,<br />
Buya s'tsandvwa.<br />
(P) Simunye<br />
Umhlab' ungehlulile<br />
Ngihlab' umkhonsi webunye,<br />
Siyimbumba Ngwane,<br />
Ngwane wemahlabatsi simunye.<br />
(q) Buyani<br />
Buyani siyewunats' iMpuluzi,<br />
Buyani siyewunats' iMpuluzi,<br />
Buyani siyewanats' iMpuluzi,<br />
Simunye ... simunye ...<br />
(r) Lutsandva Sibili<br />
Ngipheni lutsandvo sibili<br />
Bogogo nobornkhulu<br />
Ngipheni lutsandvo sibili<br />
Make nababe.<br />
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IV. Inkholo, inkholelo nemlandvo<br />
(a) Tfuma Mine<br />
Tfuma mine; tfuma mine,<br />
Tfuma mine, tfuma mine,<br />
Tfuma mine, tfuma mine<br />
Ngiyavuma, ngiyavuma,<br />
Sengiyavuma Nkhosi yami.<br />
(b) Ngwane<br />
(c) Babe<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />
Ngwane wetimangaliso,<br />
Sihlanganise sive.<br />
Sih/anganise Ngwane.<br />
Babe wami ... Babe wornt<br />
Ngiholele kulaluhlata<br />
Ngiyewukwenta njengekwelayeta<br />
Kwelayeta kwakho Babe.<br />
(d) Inhlanga<br />
Ngingumntfwana wenhlanga,<br />
Ngikhuliswe ngetihlahla,<br />
Ngishadiswe netihlahla,<br />
TIhlahla yimphilo yami.<br />
(e) Makhos' Ami!<br />
Uphi Ndungunye<br />
Moknos' ami?<br />
Uphi Somhlolo<br />
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Makhos' ami?<br />
(f) Bhuza<br />
Uphi Mswati<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Uphi Mbandzeni<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Uphi Mahlokohla<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Uphi Sobuhza<br />
Makhos' ami?<br />
Ngiyawukhulekela Bhuza,<br />
Kumnyama kubovu<br />
Nguye Bhuza,<br />
Kumhlophe kunjani.<br />
Nguye Bhuza.<br />
(g) Batsatse<br />
Batsatsedloti lami,<br />
Uyobafak' esibayeni,<br />
Uyobafak' emsamo,<br />
Ubatekele tebudloti.<br />
(h) Dlotinchanti<br />
Ngibuke Dlotinchanti,<br />
Ngihole etindleleni tokho,<br />
Ngikhanyisele sibani sckho,<br />
Ngingewakho Dlotinchanti.<br />
(i) Bafokati<br />
Baphi bafokati?<br />
176
(j) Uve<br />
Sabawet' iNgwavuma;<br />
Baphi bafokati?<br />
Sabawet' iMbuluzi;<br />
Sabaweta ... Sabaweta ...<br />
Uve laNgwane<br />
Ugcwel' ebagcoki;<br />
Uve laNgwane<br />
Ugcwel' ebachamuki;<br />
Baphets' umculu<br />
Ngwane sikhali.<br />
(1
(n) Asiye<br />
Asiy' endvumbeni<br />
Siyaticedza khono,<br />
Asiy' esilulwini<br />
Siyaticedza khana.<br />
(0) Bambelela<br />
Bambalel' elldlotinl<br />
Ungubabe namake<br />
Ungumkhulu nagoga,<br />
Bambelel' ungadzinwa.<br />
(P) Wentani?<br />
Ungelapha ngachamu?<br />
Wentani?<br />
Ungelapha ngembulu?<br />
Wentani?<br />
Hhay! Ungumtsakatsi.<br />
(q) LaMswati<br />
Emdadlati ayavuma<br />
LaMswati;<br />
Emadlati ayakhuluma<br />
LaMswati.<br />
(r) 5aJani<br />
Salani bokhokho,<br />
Salani bogog,<br />
Sihlehla siyaphuma<br />
Sitawubuya ngemusa.<br />
178
V. Emandla, inkhani nelunakashelo<br />
(a) Emandla<br />
Emand!' elidloti<br />
Akumelwana ncwo,<br />
Emand!' elidloti<br />
Akumelwana nawo.<br />
(b) Kagogo<br />
Kagogo<br />
Emphandzeni yemphilo yami,<br />
Ngiyayal<br />
Ngiyaya!<br />
Emphandzeni yemphilo vornl<br />
Kagogo.<br />
(c) Emuva<br />
Angisayi emuva<br />
Emuva angisayi,<br />
Embili dloti lomi,<br />
Embili gogo wami.<br />
(d) Ngiyawubambelela<br />
Ngiyawubambelela kini labadzala<br />
Ningiwete teLubombo,<br />
Ningiwete teLukhahlamba<br />
Ngiyawubambelela njalo boo<br />
(e) Emalombo<br />
Hambani emalombo,<br />
Mimoya lemibi hambani,<br />
179
Hambani mimaya lernlbl,<br />
Hambani emalamba.<br />
(f) Akulandvwe<br />
Aph' emandla?<br />
Aph' emafa<br />
Asetikhulwimi<br />
Asetinjingeni<br />
Akalandvwe! Akalandvwe!<br />
(g) Sibindzi<br />
NgesibindZi sengwenyama,<br />
Ngiyawuncaba dlati lami.<br />
Ngemandl' enyatsi.<br />
Ngiyawuncaba yengwe,<br />
Ngiyawuncaba dlati lami.<br />
(h) Ngiyawunamafsela<br />
(i) utile<br />
Ngiyawunamatsela kuwe.<br />
Kuwe dlati lornl<br />
Ngiyawunamatsela kuwe.<br />
Kuwe khakha wami.<br />
Utile lenkhasi;<br />
Siyawulivusa ngenkhani.<br />
Utile lengwenyama<br />
Siyawulivusa ngemandla.<br />
180
(n) Uhawu<br />
Uhawu lenkhani<br />
Uhawu lobokhokho,<br />
Babhule babhulisise,<br />
Mababhulwe mababhulisiswe.<br />
(0) Indlondlo Lenelusiba<br />
Indlondlo lenelusiba,<br />
Igalele kwevakala,<br />
Kwahlangan' emadloti<br />
Kwasabalal' imimoya lemibi.<br />
(P) Ngenkhani<br />
(q) Udloti<br />
Emantini ngiyawutfwasa<br />
Ngenkhani!<br />
Esikhupheni ngiyawutfwasa<br />
Ngenkhani!<br />
Ngiyawutfwasa ngenkhani ... Ngenkhani!<br />
Udloti tornt<br />
Ngukhokho wamL<br />
Udloti lornl,<br />
Yingati yami<br />
AkusiliNdzwawe! AkusiliNdiki<br />
(r) Bayawusala<br />
Bayawusal' emvileni<br />
Labangati Iidloti,<br />
Bayamulal' umlalela futsL<br />
Labangati lidloti,<br />
Udloti Iiyimphilo.<br />
182