Cálculo diferencial con Maxima José Antonio Vallejo - Facultad de ...
Cálculo diferencial con Maxima José Antonio Vallejo - Facultad de ...
Cálculo diferencial con Maxima José Antonio Vallejo - Facultad de ...
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5 × 5 <br />
<br />
10 × 10 25 × 25 <br />
<br />
3×3
1000 × 1000 <br />
<br />
1, 5 · 10 6<br />
3, 5 · 10 6 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
500 <br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
○ <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1979 <br />
4 <br />
<br />
1984
1500
1500
( %o1) 4<br />
<br />
( %o2) 10<br />
<br />
( %o3) log (10)<br />
<br />
( %o4) 2,302585092994046<br />
<br />
( %o5) 2 2 73<br />
<br />
15 <br />
<br />
5,0 5<br />
<br />
( %o6) π<br />
<br />
( %o7) 3,141592653589793
( %o8) e<br />
<br />
( %o9) 2,718281828459045<br />
log(ab) =<br />
log(a) + log(b) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o10) log (10)<br />
<br />
( %o11) log (5) + log (2)<br />
<br />
<br />
a + bi <br />
<br />
<br />
Incorrectsyntax : Syntaxerrorz1 : 2 + 3(<br />
3 ( <br />
<br />
( %o12) 3 i + 2
( %o13) −5 i − 1<br />
<br />
z1 z2 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o14) 1 − 2 i<br />
<br />
( %o15) (−5 i − 1) (3 i + 2)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
1 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o16) 13 − 13 i<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o17)<br />
<br />
3 i + 2<br />
−5 i − 1<br />
3 i + 2<br />
( %o18) −<br />
5 i + 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
n m<br />
n m
( %o19)<br />
7 i 17<br />
−<br />
26 26<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o20)<br />
7<br />
i<br />
e (π−atan( 17))<br />
√<br />
2<br />
<br />
( %o21) 1/ √ 2<br />
<br />
( %o22)<br />
<br />
( %o23)<br />
<br />
<br />
√ 2 i + 2<br />
2 3<br />
2 − 2 i<br />
√ +<br />
2<br />
<br />
2 3<br />
2 + 2<br />
√ 2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o24) i b + a<br />
<br />
( %o25) i d + c
( %o26) i d + c + i b + a<br />
<br />
( %o27) (i b + a) 2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o28) −b 2 + 2 i a b + a 2<br />
z <br />
z = a + bi z <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o29) [z]<br />
<br />
( %o30) z + i d + c<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o31) −1<br />
<br />
( %o32) 1
1<br />
( %o33) atan √2<br />
<br />
( %o34) ,6154797086703875<br />
<br />
( %o35)<br />
π<br />
4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o36) (b + a) 7<br />
<br />
( %o37) b 7 + 7 a b 6 + 21 a 2 b 5 + 35 a 3 b 4 + 35 a 4 b 3 + 21 a 5 b 2 + 7 a 6 b + a 7<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o38) (x + 1) (x + 2)<br />
<br />
( %o39)<br />
x + 2<br />
(x − 4) 2
( %o40)<br />
x + 2<br />
x 2 − 8 x + 16<br />
<br />
<br />
Z Z <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o41) x 2 − 2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o42) −sin (x) 3 − sin (x) 2 + 3 cos (x) 2 sin (x) + cos (x) 2<br />
<br />
( %o43) −4 sin (x) 3 − 2 sin (x) 2 + 3 sin (x) + 1<br />
<br />
<br />
(3 + 5)7<br />
(3 + 5)/7<br />
(3 + 5) 2 8<br />
3 + 5 2 8<br />
8 2 7 4<br />
log(1 + 2 2 )<br />
cos(π)e 2 − 1<br />
3√ 67 15 <br />
3/(1 − √ 7)
1/(4 − 20x 2 ) + x 2 <br />
x 5 + 2x 3 + x 2 + 2<br />
x 5 + 15x 4 + 85x 3 + 225x 2 + 274x + 120<br />
cos 2 a−sin 2 a = 2 cos 2 a−1 <br />
<br />
z = 2 − i w = −1 + i <br />
zw 2<br />
2z−w<br />
z+w<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
x x!<br />
=<br />
y y!(x − y)! .<br />
<br />
10<br />
,<br />
3<br />
<br />
6<br />
.<br />
4
( %o1) [x = − 5<br />
, x = 1]<br />
4<br />
<br />
( %o2) [x = − √ 3, x = √ 3, x = − √ 6, x = √ 6]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o3) x + √ x − 4 = 6<br />
<br />
( %o4) [x = 6 − √ x − 4]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o5) [x = 5, x = 8]
( %o6) x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 = 0<br />
<br />
( %o7) [x = −1, x = 1]<br />
<br />
( %o8) 0 = 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o9) 4 x 2 + x = 5<br />
<br />
( %o10) [[x = 1]]<br />
<br />
( %o11) [[x = 12, y = −6]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o12) f (x) := cos (exp (x))
( %o13) cos e 2<br />
<br />
( %o14) g (x, y) := sin (x y)<br />
<br />
( %o15) sin (π x)<br />
<br />
( %o16) 0<br />
<br />
( %o17) 1<br />
<br />
( %o18) 17<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o19) H (x) := if x < 0 then x 4 − 1 else 1 − x 5<br />
<br />
( %o20) 15
( %o21) −31<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o22) h (x, y) :=<br />
<br />
x + 3<br />
x 2 − 4 x + 3<br />
( %o23) k (x, y) := x2 − 1<br />
(x − 2) 2<br />
<br />
( %o24) q (x, y) := h (x, y) + k (x, y)<br />
<br />
( %o25)<br />
x + 3<br />
x2 − 4 x + 3 + x2 − 1<br />
(x − 2) 2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o26)<br />
<br />
( %o27)<br />
x 4 − 3 x 3 + x 2 − 4 x + 9<br />
x 4 − 8 x 3 + 23 x 2 − 28 x + 12<br />
x 4 − 3 x 3 + x 2 − 4 x + 9<br />
(x − 3) (x − 2) 2 (x − 1)<br />
<br />
<br />
Z
( %o28) x 4 − 3 x 3 + x 2 − 4 x + 9<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o30) [x = 51146187 91519551<br />
, x =<br />
33554432 33554432 ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
x<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o31)
( %o32)<br />
3 <br />
<br />
( %o33)
( %o34)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t35)
( %o36)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t37)<br />
<br />
XY
( %t38)<br />
<br />
s <br />
3 <br />
<br />
XY b <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t39)
( %t40)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t41)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
√ 5 − x − 2x = 3<br />
<br />
x 3 − 3x + 1 = 0.
x 5 − 2x 3 + x 2 − 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
−3x + 2y = 3<br />
x − 4y = −1<br />
3x 2 + 2y = 0<br />
x + 2y 2 − y = −1<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = arctan(x 2 + 1) log(1 + exp(y 2 x − 3)).<br />
f(0, 0) f(−1, 2) f(π, 0)<br />
<br />
<br />
0 t < 0<br />
H(t) =<br />
1 t > 0 .<br />
f(t)<br />
ft0 (t) =<br />
<br />
0<br />
1<br />
<br />
<br />
t < t0<br />
.<br />
t > t0<br />
f−1(−2) f3(2)<br />
<br />
k [a, b]<br />
P a,b<br />
k (t) =<br />
<br />
k a < t < b<br />
0 t < a t > b<br />
<br />
n n + 1 n <br />
<br />
n<br />
bu,n(t) = t<br />
u<br />
u (1 − t) n−u , u = 0, 1, ..., n.
n <br />
<br />
<br />
n<br />
bn(t) = bu,n(t) = 1<br />
u=0<br />
b4<br />
b4(0) b4(1) b4(−1) b4(10) b4(100) <br />
<br />
<br />
4 <br />
3 b0,3(t) b1,3(t) b2,3(t) b3,3(t)<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = x 2 − y 2
( %o1) [0 = x 5 − 6 x 2 + 8 x + 3]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[x = −,3049325494373391,<br />
x = 1,683783821201688 i − 1,199074650512488,<br />
x = −1,683783821201688 i − 1,199074650512488,<br />
x = ,6897875494592222 i + 1,351540925231157,<br />
x = 1,351540925231157 − ,6897875494592222 i]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o3) [x = − 10231839<br />
33554432 ]
( %o4)<br />
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √<br />
255 + 9 3 5 17 + 27 255 − 9 3 5 17 − 27<br />
[[x = − , y = −<br />
], [x = , y =<br />
]]<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o5) [[x = 0, y = 0, z = 0], [x = a2 + 2 a + 1 a + 1<br />
, y =<br />
16<br />
4 , z = −a2 − 2 a − 3<br />
]]<br />
16<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o6) [[x = 0, y = 0, z = 0], [x =<br />
9<br />
, y =<br />
28 i + 45 3 33 i + 36<br />
, z =<br />
2 i + 7 27 i + 545 ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
X<br />
<br />
( %o7)<br />
<br />
−1 1
( %o8) −,6417143708728826<br />
<br />
e x = x + 2 <br />
e x − x − 2 = 0<br />
<br />
( %o9)<br />
<br />
( %o10) 1,146193220620582<br />
<br />
<br />
limx→x0f(x) <br />
<br />
( %o11) f (x) := (x + a) x 2 + b x + c <br />
<br />
( %o12) (a + 1) c + (a + 1) b + a + 1
( %o13) k 3 + (b + a) k 2 + (c + a b) k + a c<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o14) −∞<br />
<br />
( %o15) ∞<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o16) und<br />
limx→∞ limx→−∞ −∞ <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o26) 0<br />
<br />
( %o27) −1
( %o28) g (x, y) := sin (x y)<br />
<br />
( %o29) −sin (2 y)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o31) y cos (x y)<br />
<br />
( %o32) x cos (x y)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o33) −y 2 sin (x y)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o34) x 2 y 2 sin (x y) − 2 sin (x y) − 4 x y cos (x y)<br />
<br />
( %o35) x 2 y 2 sin (x y) − 2 sin (x y) − 4 x y cos (x y)
( %o36)<br />
d2 d x2 cos x 2 + 1 = −2 sin x 2 + 1 − 4 x 2 cos x 2 + 1 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o37)<br />
∂ 3<br />
∂ x ∂ y 2 cos y 2 + x 2 = 8 x y 2 sin y 2 + x 2 − 4 x cos y 2 + x 2<br />
<br />
<br />
333 <br />
<br />
A(r, h) <br />
r h<br />
<br />
( %o38) A (r, h) := 2 π r 2 + 2 π r h<br />
<br />
r h
( %o39) V (r, h) := π r 2 h<br />
<br />
<br />
V (r, h) = 333 h <br />
r <br />
h<br />
<br />
( %o40) [h = 333<br />
]<br />
π r2 a(r) <br />
h r A(r, h) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o41) a (r) := A r, 333<br />
π r2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o42) [r =<br />
√ 1<br />
3 333 3 i − 333 1<br />
3<br />
2 2 1<br />
3 π 1<br />
3<br />
, r = −<br />
√ 1<br />
3 333 3 i + 333 1<br />
3<br />
2 2 1<br />
3 π 1<br />
3<br />
, r =<br />
333 1<br />
3<br />
2 1<br />
3 π 1<br />
3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o43) r = 3,75625258638806<br />
<br />
3,75 <br />
h V (r, h) =<br />
333 <br />
<br />
]
( %o44) h = 23,60123106084875<br />
π<br />
<br />
( %o45) h = 7,512505172776113<br />
r 3,75 h 7,51 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x+at)+g(x−at) f g <br />
a 2 uxx(x, t) = utt(x, t)<br />
h+ h− <br />
<br />
<br />
\ <br />
<br />
( %o46) h+ (x, y) := x + a t<br />
<br />
( %o47) h− (x, t) := x − a t<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o48) u (x, t) := f (h+ (x, t)) + g (h− (x, t))<br />
f g <br />
<br />
<br />
f f ′ g g ′ <br />
f ′′ g ′′
( %o49) f (y)<br />
<br />
( %o50) f ′ (y)<br />
<br />
( %o51) g (z)<br />
<br />
( %o52) g ′ (z)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o53) a 2 f ′′ (x + a t) + a 2 g ′′ (x − a t)<br />
u(x, t) <br />
a 2 uxx(x, t) − utt(x, t)<br />
<br />
( %o54) 0<br />
<br />
<br />
3x − 2y + x − t = 2<br />
y + z + 2t = 1<br />
x + y − 3z + t = 0
2x + y − t − 4u = 4<br />
3x − y + 2z − 5u = 13<br />
x + 3y + z − t − 6u = 7<br />
x + 2y − 3z − 2t − 2u = −7<br />
<br />
2x − 3y = z<br />
ax + y 2 = z<br />
x + ay = 3z<br />
a <br />
y <br />
2x 3 + 6x 2 − 18x = −10<br />
3√ 70<br />
log(2−x 2 ) = x 2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
0,0002<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x) = e ex<br />
− 5 = 0<br />
lím<br />
x→−1<br />
sin x<br />
lím<br />
x→0 x<br />
x 2 − 1<br />
x 2 + 3x + 2<br />
x<br />
lím<br />
x→2<br />
2 + 3<br />
x − 7
lím x2 + 2x + 7 − x<br />
x→+∞<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = x2 − y2 x2 ,<br />
+ y3 (0, 0)<br />
y = kx <br />
x → 0 <br />
<br />
f(x, kx) = x2 − k2x2 x2 + k3 1 − k2<br />
=<br />
x3 1 + k3x .<br />
lím f(x, kx) = 1 − k2<br />
x→0<br />
k <br />
g(x, y) = 9x2 − y2 x2 ,<br />
+ y2 <br />
y = x.<br />
y = 3x<br />
x = y 2 <br />
(0, 0) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) =<br />
x + y<br />
x − y<br />
.<br />
g(x, y) = x cos 1<br />
. .<br />
y<br />
f(x, y, z) = (1 + x 2 − 3yz)e (y2 +z−sin(x)) .<br />
∂ 3 f<br />
∂x 2 ∂z
∂ 3 f<br />
∂x∂y∂z<br />
(−1, 0, 1) <br />
V
(0, 0) g(0, 0) = 0<br />
<br />
( %o1) g (x, y) :=<br />
x y2<br />
x 2 + y 4<br />
x (0, 0) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o2) 0<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o3) 0<br />
<br />
(u, v) (0, 0)<br />
<br />
v<br />
( %o4)<br />
2<br />
u<br />
(0, 0) <br />
(0, 0) <br />
x = ay2 <br />
( %o5)<br />
a<br />
a 2 + 1
( %o6)<br />
<br />
<br />
h(x, y) = x + xy 2 − y x (1, 2) <br />
(3/34, 5/34) <br />
<br />
( %o7) h (x, y) := x + x y 2 − y x<br />
<br />
6936 log (2) − 34680<br />
( %o8) −<br />
39304
3 log (2) − 15<br />
( %o9) −<br />
17<br />
<br />
<br />
(u, v) (x, y) <br />
(x, y) <br />
<br />
(u, v) dh (x,y)(u, v) = uD1h(x, y)+vD2h(x, y)<br />
<br />
( %o10) Dh1 (x, y) := −y x log (y) + y 2 + 1<br />
<br />
( %o11) Dh2 (x, y) := 2 x y − x y x−1<br />
<br />
( %o12) dh (x, y, u, v) := u −y x log (y) + y 2 + 1 + v 2 x y − x y x−1<br />
(1, 2) (3/34, 5/34) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o13)<br />
<br />
3 (5 − 2 log (2))<br />
34<br />
3 log (2) − 15<br />
( %o14) −<br />
17<br />
+ 15<br />
34
f df p f dfp <br />
R n R <br />
<br />
gradfp = (D1f(p), ..., Dnf(p)) <br />
dfp(v) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3 <br />
2 <br />
<br />
( %o16) [[x, y], x, y]<br />
2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(u, v) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o17) done<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o18) −y x + x y 2 + x<br />
<br />
(u, v)
( %o19) [u, v].grad −y x + x y 2 + x <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o20) v<br />
d<br />
d y<br />
<br />
x 2<br />
−y + x y + x <br />
d<br />
+ u<br />
d x<br />
( %o21) u −y x log (y) + y 2 + 1 + v 2 x y − x y x−1<br />
−y x + x y 2 + x <br />
h (x, y) <br />
(u, v)<br />
<br />
( %o22) dh (x, y, u, v) := u −y x log (y) + y 2 + 1 + v 2 x y − x y x−1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f1(x, y) = x 2 − 3yx + y 3 (0, 1) v = (1, 1)<br />
f2(x, y) = x cos(xy)+2y 2 (1, 1) v = (−1, 0)<br />
f3(x, y) = log(1+x 2 +y 2 ) (−2, 0) v = (2, 3)<br />
f4(x, y) = e (xy+2) tan(x 2 + y 2 ) (0, 0) v =<br />
(1, 3)
f(x, y) p =<br />
(−1, 2) p <br />
(3/5, −4/5) 8 p <br />
p (11, 7) 1 <br />
p (3, −5)<br />
p<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = (x 2 − y 2 )(x 2 + y 2 )<br />
(1, 1) (x0, y0)
( %o1) 1 + x + x2<br />
2<br />
+ 7 x3<br />
6<br />
+ 13 x4<br />
24<br />
+ ...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
sin(a)(x − a)2<br />
sin(a) + cos(a)(x − a) − −<br />
2<br />
cos(a)(x − a) 3<br />
+<br />
6<br />
sin(a)(x − a)4<br />
+<br />
24<br />
cos(a)(x − a)5<br />
+ ...<br />
120<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
d<br />
( %o3) f (a) +<br />
d x<br />
<br />
<br />
f (x) <br />
x=a<br />
<br />
(x − a) +<br />
d x2 <br />
<br />
f (x)<br />
d 2<br />
x=a<br />
2<br />
<br />
(x − a) 2<br />
+ ...<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
i, j, ... <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o4) atan (x) =<br />
∞<br />
i=0<br />
(−1) i 2 i+1 x<br />
2 i + 1
k <br />
<br />
n <br />
<br />
x k k 1 5 <br />
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
i i<br />
2∗i+1 i <br />
<br />
2n<br />
i=1 3 ∗ ni <br />
<br />
1 <br />
<br />
( %o5) [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]<br />
1 5 <br />
= i<br />
i 1 5<br />
<br />
( %o6) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<br />
<br />
x k k 1 5
x <br />
y <br />
<br />
y = −10 y = 10<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
k <br />
<br />
<br />
x k
x = 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
x <br />
n n = 3 <br />
3<br />
<br />
( %o10) x − x3<br />
6<br />
<br />
x <br />
x − 1<br />
6 x3 <br />
n (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11) <br />
(x, x − 1<br />
6x3 , x − 1<br />
6x3 + 1<br />
120x5 , ...) <br />
sin(x) <br />
<br />
<br />
n > 1 n = 2
( %o11) f (x, y) := log 1 + exp x 2 y <br />
<br />
f(x, y) (x, y) =<br />
(a, b) 2 x 1 y <br />
x y <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
(x, y) = (1, −1)<br />
<br />
<br />
log (e + 1) e −1 y + 1<br />
+ + ... +<br />
e + 1<br />
<br />
− 2 2 (y + 1)<br />
+<br />
e + 1 e2 <br />
+ ... (x − 1) +<br />
+ 2 e + 1<br />
<br />
e − 1<br />
e2 + 2 e + 1 −<br />
<br />
2 2 e + 5 e − 1 (y + 1)<br />
e3 + 3 e2 <br />
+ ... (x − 1)<br />
+ 3 e + 1 2 + ...<br />
g(x, y) = exp(x 2 sin(xy)) <br />
2 x y (x, y) = (2, 0)<br />
<br />
( %o14) g (x, y) := exp x 2 sin (x y) <br />
<br />
( %o15)<br />
1+8 y+32 y 2 +...+ 12 y + 96 y 2 + ... (x − 2)+ 6 y + 120 y 2 + ... (x − 2) 2 +...<br />
x i y j <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o16) 120 x 2 y 2 − 384 x y 2 + 320 y 2 + 6 x 2 y − 12 x y + 8 y + 1
d ∂<br />
dx ∂x <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f (i1,i2,...,in)(x1, x2, ..., xn) i1 <br />
x1 i2 x2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o18) f (1,2) (x, y)<br />
∂3f ∂x∂ 2y <br />
z <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o19) g (0,0,4) (x, y, z)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o20) f e 2 + 2 + 2 2 2<br />
f (1) e + 2 e + f(1) e + 2 (x − 2) + ...<br />
x
( %o21)<br />
<br />
<br />
2 2 2 2 2<br />
e + 1 f(1) e + 2 x + −2 e − 2 f(1) e + 2 + f e + 2<br />
<br />
u(x, t) = f(x + at) + g(x − at) <br />
utt(x, t) − a 2 uxx <br />
<br />
( %o22) f (x + a t) + g (x − a t)<br />
<br />
( %o23) 0<br />
<br />
f(x, y, z) = exp(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )<br />
cos(x+y/(1+z2 )) (x, y, z) = (0, 0, 2) <br />
x y z <br />
x 0 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
9 e<br />
2 e (z − 1) + e + ... +<br />
+<br />
+<br />
<br />
+ 2 e (z − 1) + ...<br />
y<br />
8 2<br />
<br />
e e (z − 1)<br />
+ + ... y + ... x<br />
2 2<br />
<br />
3 e<br />
31 e<br />
+ 3 e (z − 1) + ... + + 3 e (z − 1) + ...<br />
2 16<br />
y 2 <br />
+ ... x 2 + ...<br />
x, y, z<br />
<br />
( %o25)<br />
48 e x 2 + 32 e y 2 + 8 e x y + 48 e x 2 + 32 e z + −17 e x 2 − 14 e y 2 − 24 e x 2 − 16 e<br />
<br />
( %o26)<br />
3 e x 2 y 2 z + 2 e y 2 z +<br />
16<br />
e x y z<br />
2 + 3 e x2 z + 2 e z − 17 e x2 y2 7 e y2 3 e x2<br />
− − − e<br />
16 8 2
6 sin x <br />
x = 0 cos x <br />
5 <br />
<br />
4 t 0 1<br />
<br />
f(x) = e x2 +1 5<br />
x = 0<br />
<br />
(0, 0)<br />
f(x, y) = exp(x + y) + cos(x + y)<br />
<br />
g(x, y) = sin(x + y)<br />
(0, 0) x + y<br />
2 <br />
f(x, y) = 4√ x 5√ y.<br />
4√ 1, 01 5√ 31, 98 <br />
3 <br />
(x − 1) (y − 2)<br />
f(x, y) = x 3 + y 2 + xy 2
f : Ω ⊂ R 2 → R <br />
p ∈ Ω <br />
f p h f <br />
p p<br />
<br />
h > 0 fxx(p) > 0 p <br />
h > 0 fxx(p) < 0 p <br />
h < 0 p <br />
h = 0 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o1) f (x, y) := log x 2 + y 2 + 1 <br />
<br />
= 0<br />
∂f<br />
∂x<br />
= 0 ∂f<br />
∂y<br />
<br />
( %o2) [[x = 0, y = 0]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o3)<br />
<br />
2<br />
y2 +x2 +1 −<br />
−<br />
0errors, 0warnings<br />
4 x 2<br />
(y2 +x2 +1) 2 4 x y<br />
− (y2 +x2 +1) 2<br />
4 x y<br />
(y2 +x2 +1) 2<br />
2<br />
y2 +x2 +1 −<br />
4 y 2<br />
(y2 +x2 +1) 2<br />
<br />
(x, y) = (0, 0)
( %o4)<br />
<br />
( %o5)<br />
<br />
<br />
2 0<br />
0 2<br />
<br />
2 0<br />
0 2<br />
( %o6) 4<br />
h = 4 > 0 fxx(0, 0) = 2 > 0 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %t7)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o8) g (x, y) := x 4 − 2 x 2 y + y − y 3
[[x = 0, y = − 1<br />
√ ], [x = 0, y =<br />
3 1<br />
√ ], [x = −<br />
3 1<br />
√ , y =<br />
3 1 1<br />
], [x = √ , y =<br />
3 3 1<br />
3 ]<br />
[x = −i, y = −1], [x = i, y = −1]]<br />
<br />
p1 p2 p3 p4 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o10)<br />
<br />
2 12 x − 4 y<br />
<br />
−4 x<br />
−4 x −6 y<br />
<br />
( %o11)<br />
4√3<br />
0<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
( %o12)<br />
− 4 √3<br />
6 √3<br />
0<br />
0 − 6 √ 3<br />
<br />
( %o13)<br />
<br />
8<br />
3<br />
4√<br />
3<br />
4√ 3<br />
−2<br />
<br />
( %o14)<br />
<br />
8<br />
3<br />
− 4 √<br />
3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
− 4 √ 3<br />
−2
( %o15) 8<br />
<br />
( %o16) 8<br />
<br />
( %o17) − 32<br />
3<br />
<br />
( %o18) − 32<br />
3<br />
(0, 1/ √ 3) <br />
(0, −1/ √ 3) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %t19)<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = (x 2 +y 2 )exp(−x 2 −y 2 ) <br />
(0, 0) x 2 +y 2
( %t20)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o21) f (x, y) := x 2 + y 4<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o22) [[x = 0, y = 0]]
( %o23)<br />
0errors, 0warnings<br />
<br />
2 0<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
<br />
( %o24) 0<br />
(0, 0) <br />
f(x, y) x 2 y 4 <br />
f(x, y) ≥ 0 f(x, y) = 0 (0, 0)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t25)<br />
<br />
X Y
( %t26)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o27) g (x, y) := x 3 − y 2<br />
(0, 0)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o28) [[x = 0, y = 0]]<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o29)<br />
<br />
<br />
0 0<br />
0 −2<br />
( %o30) 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
30 × 30 <br />
45 × 45 Z
( %t31)<br />
(0, 0) <br />
g(x, y) <br />
y = 0 g(x, 0) = x 3 <br />
<br />
y = 0 <br />
z = f(x, y)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
3 <br />
<br />
<br />
u <br />
v
( %t33)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t34)<br />
x = 0
( %t35)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = x + y xy = 4 <br />
g(x, y) = 0 g(x, y) = xy − 4 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o36) L (x, y, a) := x + y + (−a) (x y − 4)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o37) [[x = −2, y = −2, a = − 1<br />
1<br />
], [x = 2, y = 2, a =<br />
2 2 ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
(x0, y0, a0) <br />
L(x, y, a) <br />
(x, y)
(x0, y0, a0) <br />
(x0, y0) <br />
g <br />
Hess(L(x0, y0, a0)) ( ∂g<br />
<br />
<br />
= 0, ∂g<br />
<br />
<br />
= 0)<br />
<br />
∂x <br />
(x0,y0)<br />
∂x <br />
(x0,y0)<br />
(x0, y0)<br />
<br />
(x0, y0)<br />
<br />
(x0, y0) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o38)<br />
<br />
( %o39)<br />
0errors, 0warnings<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
−a<br />
−a 0<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
−a<br />
−a 0<br />
p1 = (−2, −2, − 1<br />
2 ) p2 =<br />
(2, 2, 1<br />
2 )<br />
<br />
( %o40)<br />
<br />
( %o41)<br />
<br />
1 0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
2<br />
0<br />
<br />
1 0 −<br />
− 1<br />
2<br />
<br />
p1 p2 <br />
[u, v] <br />
0<br />
2
( %o42) [u, v]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o43)<br />
<br />
u<br />
v<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o44) uv<br />
<br />
( %o45) −uv<br />
QLp1 QLp2 <br />
p1 p2 <br />
(x0, y0) <br />
g (−2, −2) (2, 2)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o46) [y, x]<br />
<br />
( %o47) [−2, −2]
( %o48) [2, 2]<br />
<br />
<br />
(u, v) <br />
<br />
( %o49) −2v − 2u<br />
<br />
( %o50) [u = −v]<br />
(x, y) = (−2, −2)<br />
v = −u <br />
<br />
( %o51) 2v + 2u<br />
<br />
( %o52) [u = −v]<br />
<br />
v = −u QLp1 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o53) −u 2<br />
(−2, −2) <br />
(2, 2)
( %o54) v 2<br />
(2, 2) <br />
<br />
f(−2, −2) = −4 f(2, 2) = 4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %t55)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f1(x, y) = x 2 + y 4<br />
f2(x, y) = x 4 + y 4 − 2(x − y) 2<br />
f3(x, y) = x 3 + y 3 + 2x 2 + 4y 2<br />
f4(x, y) = e x2 +y 2 +1
f5(x, y) = x 2 y + y 2 x<br />
<br />
g(x, y) = y 3 + x 3 <br />
x 2 + y2<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = 60x + 90y − 2x 2 − 3y 2<br />
2x + 4y = 68.<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = x 2 + y 2<br />
x 2 + y = 4.<br />
= 1
y = f(x) <br />
y = 5<br />
x + 1.<br />
3<br />
x <br />
y x = g(y) x <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o1) [x =<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o2)<br />
3 y − 3<br />
]<br />
5<br />
d 3<br />
x =<br />
d y 5<br />
<br />
y = f(x) <br />
<br />
y = f(x) = atan(1 + esin(x) )<br />
3 − log(1 + x 4 ) ,<br />
x y<br />
<br />
( %o3) f (x) :=<br />
<br />
atan (1 + exp (sin (x)))<br />
3 − log (1 + x 4 )<br />
<br />
( %o4) [atan e sin(x) <br />
+ 1 = 3 y − log x 4 + 1 y]
f : R → R f <br />
x0 f −1 y0 = f(x0)<br />
f ′ (x0) = 0 <br />
(f −1 ) ′ (y0) = 1<br />
f ′ (x0) .<br />
<br />
f −1 ◦ f = id <br />
<br />
1 f −1 (y0) · f(x0) = 1 <br />
<br />
π<br />
12 = f(0)<br />
<br />
g ′ π<br />
<br />
=<br />
12<br />
1<br />
f ′ (0)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o5) g (y)<br />
<br />
( %o6) g ′ π<br />
<br />
= 15<br />
12<br />
f −1 <br />
X Y <br />
90 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f ′ (x0) = 0 <br />
f ′ (x0) = 0
90<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f : R n → R n x0 ∈ int(dom(f)) y0 = f(x0) f <br />
x0 <br />
<strong>de</strong>t(Jx0(f) = 0,<br />
f f −1 V y0 <br />
U x0 f −1 : V → U V <br />
<br />
dy0 f −1 = (dx0f) −1 .<br />
f U V <br />
<br />
f : R 2 → R 2 <br />
u, v f(x, y) = (u, v) u = 2x + y v =<br />
x − y f <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f <br />
<br />
<br />
0errors, 0warnings
( %o7)<br />
<br />
<br />
2 1<br />
1 −1<br />
( %o8) −3<br />
<br />
f(x, y) = (2x+y, x−y) <br />
R 2 <br />
f −1 f −1 (u, v) = (x(u, v), y(u, v)) <br />
u = 2x + y v = x − y<br />
<br />
( %o9) [[x =<br />
v + u 2 v − u<br />
, y = − ]]<br />
3<br />
3<br />
<br />
f : R 2 → R 2 u = xy v =<br />
x + y (x, y) <br />
<br />
( %o10)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
y x<br />
1 1<br />
( %o11) y − x<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f −1 <br />
x, y u, v
√ √<br />
v2 − 4u − v v2 − 4u + v<br />
[[x = −<br />
, y =<br />
]<br />
√<br />
2<br />
√<br />
2<br />
v2 − 4u + v v2 − 4u − v<br />
[x =<br />
, y = −<br />
]]<br />
2<br />
2<br />
<br />
f −1 <br />
x = y u = v2<br />
4 <br />
<br />
A R2 <br />
(u, v) 4u > v2 V<br />
<br />
(u, v) 4u < v2 f −1 V <br />
V <br />
(x, y)<br />
f −1<br />
1 <br />
f −1<br />
1 (u, v) = (−1<br />
2 ( (v 2 − 4u) − v), 1<br />
2 ( (v 2 − 4u) + v)),<br />
V U1 y > x y − x = (v 2 − 4u) > 0<br />
<br />
f −1<br />
1 (u, v) = (1<br />
2 ( (v 2 − 4u) + v), − 1<br />
2 ( (v 2 − 4u) − v))<br />
V U2 y < x<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
F (x, y) = 0 y <br />
y = ψ(x) <br />
y ′ = dψ <br />
<br />
F : Ω ⊂ R2 → R D1F = ∂F<br />
∂x D2F = ∂F<br />
∂y<br />
<br />
dx
Ω (x0, y0) ∈ Ω F (x0, y0) = 0 <br />
∂F<br />
∂y (x0, y0) = 0 U x0 V y0 <br />
ψ : U → V <br />
y0 = ψ(x0)<br />
F (x, ψ(x)) = 0 ∀x ∈ U<br />
ψ <br />
ψ ′ (x) = − D1F<br />
(x, ψ(x))<br />
D2F<br />
<br />
R 3 F (x, y) = −27x 2 +4y 3 <br />
z = 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o14) [gr3d (parametricsurface, parametricsurface)]<br />
R 3 <br />
(x, y, 0) F (x, y) = −27x 2 + 4y 3 = 0
xy <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o15) [gr2d (implicit)]<br />
F (x, y) = 0<br />
y x <br />
(0, 0) y = ψ(x) <br />
F (x, ψ(x)) = 0<br />
(x0, y0)) (0, 0) <br />
ψ x0 <br />
<br />
( %o16) F (x, y) := (−27) x 2 + 4 y 3<br />
<br />
( %o17) [ψ (x)]
( %o18)<br />
d 9 x<br />
ψ =<br />
d x 2 y2 <br />
(x0, y0) <br />
(x0, y0) <br />
F (x0, y0) = 0 ∂F<br />
∂y (x0, y0) = 0 y <br />
x y = ψ(x) x0 <br />
dψ<br />
dx (x0) = 9x0<br />
2y 2 0<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
y 2 + 5x = xe x(y−2) <br />
(−1, 2) <br />
(x0, y0) = (−1, 2) <br />
<br />
( %o19) −1 = −1<br />
<br />
y x y = g(x)<br />
<br />
( %o20) G (x, y) := y 2 + 5 x + (−x) exp (x (y − 2))<br />
<br />
( %o21)<br />
d<br />
G = 3<br />
d y<br />
g
( %o22) [g (x)]<br />
<br />
( %o23)<br />
d<br />
d x g = x (y − 2) ex (y−2) + ex (y−2) − 5<br />
2 y − x2 ex (y−2)<br />
(x0, y0) = (−1, 2)<br />
<br />
( %o24) g ′ (−1) = − 4<br />
3<br />
(−1, 2) <br />
−4/3 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o25) [gr2d (implicit, implicit)]
y = f(x) = 1 − x2<br />
x 4 + 1 .<br />
<br />
R 2 F : R 2 → R 2<br />
<br />
u = x<br />
v = x 2 + y<br />
y =<br />
ψ(x) <br />
xy = 1<br />
x − y + 3xy = 2<br />
y 6 − x 5 = 0.<br />
<br />
2x 2 + xy + y 2 = 8,<br />
(2, 0)<br />
<br />
<br />
(x + 2y + xy)e x2 −y = 4<br />
x y (1, 1)<br />
e xy − 1 = 0 <br />
(0, 0) y x (1, 0)<br />
<br />
2xe y + x 2 + y 3 = −1,<br />
y x (−1, 0)<br />
x = −1 y = f(x) <br />
<br />
y = xy 2 .<br />
(1, 1) <br />
y = g(x) x g(1)<br />
g ′ (x)<br />
y = g(x) 2 <br />
x = 1
( %o1) −cos(x)<br />
<br />
¢ 3x − 4a<br />
x2 − 6x + 3 x<br />
<br />
( %o2)<br />
(9 − 4a) log( 2x−2√ 6−6<br />
2x+2 √ 6−6 )<br />
2 √ 6<br />
+ 3 log(x2 − 6x + 3)<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o3)<br />
3 x − 4 a<br />
x 2 − 6 x + 3<br />
<br />
<br />
¢ x a x.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Is a + 1 zero or nonzero?
( %o4) log (x)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o5)<br />
Is a + 1 zero or nonzero?<br />
x a+1<br />
a + 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
a > 1 <br />
<br />
( %o6) [a > 1]<br />
<br />
( %o7)<br />
x a+1<br />
a + 1<br />
a > 0 <br />
<br />
<br />
¢ log(1 + (1 + x 2 ) 1<br />
2 ) x :<br />
<br />
( %o8)<br />
¢ x 2<br />
(x 2 + 1) 3<br />
2 + x 2 + 1 dx + x log<br />
<br />
x2 + 1 + 1 + atan (x) − x
( %o9) x log x2 + 1 + 1 +<br />
¢ √<br />
x2 + 1 − 1<br />
x2 dx + atan (x) − x<br />
+ 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o10) x log x2 + 1 + 1 + asinh (x) − x<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o11) log x2 + 1 + 1<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o12)<br />
x 2<br />
(x 2 + 1) 3<br />
2 + x 2 + 1<br />
<br />
( %o13)<br />
√ x 2 + 1 − 1<br />
x 2 + 1<br />
<br />
<br />
a + b √ c
( %o14) true<br />
<br />
<br />
√<br />
x2 + 1 − 1<br />
( %o15)<br />
x2 + 1<br />
% <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
d(u · v) = du · v + u · dv<br />
¢ ¢<br />
u · dv = uv − du · v.<br />
<br />
¡ log(x)x<br />
<br />
( %o16) x log (x) − x<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o17)<br />
intpartes (expr, x, u, dv) :=<br />
¢ ¢ <br />
dv : dvdx, u dv − dv diff (u, x, 1) dx<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
¡ x 2 sin(x)x u = x 2 dv = sin(x) <br />
<br />
dv = sin(x)x x
( %o18) 2 (x sin (x) + cos (x)) − x 2 cos (x)<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o19) x 2 sin (x)<br />
<br />
¢ cos(x) sin 3 (x)x,<br />
u = sin(x) <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
f(u, variable) = 0 <br />
<br />
<br />
¢ 3<br />
( %o20)<br />
cos (x) sin (x) dx<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
¢<br />
3<br />
( %o21)<br />
u du<br />
<br />
<br />
u = sin(x) f f(u, x) =<br />
u − sin(x) = 0 <br />
u − sin(x) u − sin(x) = 0
( %o22)<br />
¢ u 3 du<br />
<br />
<br />
u = sin(x) <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o23)<br />
sin (x) 4<br />
4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o24)<br />
<br />
( %o25)<br />
u 4<br />
4<br />
sin (x) 4<br />
<br />
4<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o26)<br />
π 4 − 6 π 2 + 4 π<br />
4<br />
<br />
<br />
e−x2
( %o27)<br />
√ π erf (x)<br />
2<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o28)<br />
<br />
√ √<br />
π erf (3) π erf (2)<br />
+<br />
2<br />
2<br />
( %o29) 1.768288739021943<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[a, b] m <br />
<br />
¢ b<br />
a<br />
f(x)x <br />
b − a<br />
6<br />
<br />
f(a) + 4f<br />
a + b<br />
2<br />
<br />
+ f(b)<br />
n n <br />
x0 = a < · · · < xn = b <br />
¢ b<br />
a<br />
f(x)x ∆x<br />
3 (f(x0) + 4f(x1) + 2f(x2) + 4f(x3) + 2f(x4) + · · ·<br />
+2f(xn−2) + 4f(xn−1) + f(xn)) .
¢ π<br />
0<br />
x 2 + 1x<br />
( %o31) g (x) := x 2 + 1<br />
<br />
( %o32) 6.10992039999907<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o33) .2473707830602824<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
±∞ <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
¢ ∞<br />
1<br />
1<br />
x.<br />
x2
¢ b<br />
<br />
límb→∞<br />
1<br />
1<br />
x.<br />
x2 <br />
<br />
<br />
( %o34) 1 − 1<br />
b<br />
<br />
( %o35) 1<br />
<br />
<br />
¢ 2<br />
¢ 2<br />
lím c→0 +<br />
0<br />
c<br />
1<br />
,<br />
x2 1<br />
,<br />
x2 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
( %o36)<br />
<br />
1 1<br />
−<br />
c 2<br />
( %o37) ∞<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
x a, b
( %o38) 1<br />
<br />
( %o39) 2<br />
¡ 1<br />
0<br />
<br />
√ 1 x <br />
x2 +x<br />
<br />
x ∈]0, 1[ <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Is 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 + 2 x + 3 positive or negative?<br />
<br />
( %o40) log 2 √ <br />
2 + 3<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
¢ 1<br />
√ 7 + 8x x<br />
¢ x 2<br />
x<br />
1 + x6 ¢ x 2 log(x) x<br />
¢ x<br />
sin 2 (x) x.
¢ 1<br />
x<br />
x3 ¢ sin(10x) sin(15x) x<br />
¡ 1<br />
0<br />
a b<br />
x<br />
a+bx<br />
x <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
a > b <br />
<br />
<br />
¢ 1 1<br />
+<br />
(x − 3) 4 2 x.<br />
<br />
y = x − 3 <br />
<br />
¢ 4<br />
¢ ∞<br />
¢ 2<br />
0<br />
1<br />
−2<br />
1<br />
x x<br />
1<br />
x<br />
1 + x3 x + 1<br />
√ x − 1 x.<br />
¢ ∞<br />
e −x2<br />
x<br />
<br />
¢ π<br />
cos(3 cos(x)) x<br />
0<br />
0
¢ 1<br />
sin(xe x ) x<br />
¢ 1<br />
<br />
0<br />
1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
x.<br />
x3 ¢ 1<br />
tan(x 2 ) x<br />
0<br />
<br />
<br />
f(x) = 2x 2 + 3x g(x) = x 3 <br />
<br />
f(x) − g(x) <br />
g(x) − f(x) <br />
<br />
<br />
(x 2 + xy 2 ) xy
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