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a b<br />

k<br />

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abc a 125 + b 125 + c 12516 2003 2003 2003<br />

≤ k a + b + c <br />

<br />

¢£¢£<br />

£<br />

a = b = c =<br />

£ 15 1<br />

k ≥<br />

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3 ¢ ¢<br />

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k = 315 <br />

¢¢<br />

abc(a 125 + b 125 + c 125 ) 16 ≤ 3 15 (a 2003 + b 2003 + c 2003 <br />

)<br />

15 3<br />

¢ <br />

k<br />

¢<br />

£ ¢ <br />

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a ≥ b ≥ c<br />

a 2003 + b 2003 + c 2003<br />

¢ £¢¢ ¢¢¢ <br />

3<br />

= a3 · a2000 + b3 · b2000 + c3 · c2000 3<br />

3 3 3 <br />

a + b + c 2000 2000 2000<br />

a + b + c<br />

≥<br />

3<br />

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¢£ <br />

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≥ 3abc<br />

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a 2000 + b 2000 + c 2000<br />

£ <br />

¢<br />

a 2003 + b 2003 + c 2003<br />

3<br />

3<br />

≥<br />

a 125 + b 125 + c 125<br />

<br />

125 125 125<br />

a + b + c<br />

≥ abc<br />

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x1<br />

x2<br />

. . . xn<br />

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q £ q − 1 ≥ −n/p ¢ <br />

C


n<br />

i=1<br />

xi<br />

C = n q−1<br />

n<br />

i=1<br />

x p<br />

q i<br />

≤ C<br />

n<br />

i=1<br />

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z <br />

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≤<br />

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t > 3 <br />

(x + 1)(y + 1)(z + 1) ≤<br />

1<br />

(x + 1)(y + 1)(z + 1)<br />

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− 1<br />

8<br />

<br />

3<br />

¢¡¡<br />

¤ <br />

= t3 ¨<br />

27<br />

27 1<br />

− −<br />

t3 8 = 8(t3 − 27t + 54) − t3 (t − 2)<br />

8t3 (t − 2)<br />

= −t4 + 10t 3 − 216t + 432<br />

8t 3 (t − 2)<br />

<br />

t > 3<br />

x = y = z = 1<br />

= −(t − 6)2 (t 2 + 2t − 12)<br />

8t 3 (t − 2)<br />

≤ 0<br />

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x + y + 1 −<br />

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(x + 1)(y + 1)<br />

1<br />

x = y = 2 (1 + √ 5)<br />

<br />

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§ ¤<br />

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x+y +z ≥ √ 13−4<br />

x<br />

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y > 0<br />

¤<br />

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x<br />

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y<br />

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F (x, y, z; a, b) ≤ 1/c<br />

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F (x, y, z; a, b) =<br />

1<br />

x + y + z + a −<br />

1<br />

(x + b)(y + b)(z + b) <br />

x y z a b c


¢¡ <br />

¡ F (x, y, z; 2, 1) ≤ 1<br />

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2 (1 + √ 5) <br />

¡ F (x, y, z; 16, 2) ≤ 4<br />

125<br />

¡ F (x, y, z; 30, 3) ≤ 143<br />

x = y = z = 3 <br />

2058 − 31√ √<br />

93<br />

93−3<br />

x = y = z =<br />

<br />

6174<br />

2<br />

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x y x ∈ 0,<br />

1 <br />

2 x+y ∈ 0,<br />

2005<br />

1<br />

2005<br />

<br />

¢ <br />

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¢ £ £ <br />

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r > 1<br />

¢ <br />

f(x + yr <br />

) ≥ y<br />

¢<br />

+<br />

£<br />

f(x)<br />

x y<br />

<br />

f : <br />

<br />

[0, ε] →<br />

x<br />

r<br />

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∈ [0, ε] x + y ¢¢ ∈ [0, ε]<br />

f<br />

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f(ε) − f(0) > 0<br />

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∞ £ 1<br />

n=1 n<br />

∞<br />

n=1<br />

1<br />

ε r<br />

L<br />

N 1<br />

n=1 n<br />

¢£ f(ε) = f(0 + ε) = ε 1<br />

r + f(0)<br />

1<br />

n r = L ¢ N £<br />

¢¢£ ε<br />

> f(ε)−f(0)<br />

R = ε−<br />

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n=1<br />

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ε]<br />

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ε <br />

∈ [0, ε]<br />

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¢<br />

f(x1 + x2 + · · · + xk) ≥ x 1<br />

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1 + f(x2 + x3 + · · · + xk)<br />

≥ x 1<br />

r<br />

1<br />

.<br />

¢¢<br />

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f(ε) =<br />

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n=1<br />

≥ R 1<br />

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ε<br />

L<br />

≥ k−1 <br />

i=1<br />

<br />

ε<br />

+ R<br />

Lnr 1<br />

r<br />

N<br />

n=1<br />

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+ x 1<br />

r<br />

2 + f(x3 + x4 + · · · + xk)<br />

x 1 <br />

r<br />

i + f(xk)<br />

≥ R 1<br />

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n=1 Lnr <br />

1<br />

<br />

+ f(0) > f(ε)<br />

n<br />

<br />

1<br />

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nr


¢¢ ¢£<br />

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(8 x − 5 x ) (7 x − 2 x ) (6 x − 4 x ) + (9 x − 4 x ) (8 x − 3 x ) (5 x − 2 x ¨<br />

x<br />

) = 105<br />

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x = 1 ¡ ¨ ¡<br />

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1<br />

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x = 0<br />

−<br />

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a b c<br />

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¥<br />

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x + y + z = 1 a £ b c <br />

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x + y + z = 0<br />

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a + b + c = 0<br />

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¢ £<br />

x<br />

£¨§ ¢ <br />

¢¢ <br />

y z<br />

0 = (a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)<br />

ab + bc + ca ≤ 0<br />

£¢<br />

¢ <br />

x + y + z =<br />

<br />

1<br />

¢<br />

¢¢ <br />

¦<br />

a + b + c<br />

£<br />

= 1<br />

ab + bc + ca ≥ 0<br />

¢<br />

¢ ¢ £ £ <br />

¢¢<br />

2 (xy + yz + zx)(ab + bc + ca)<br />

≤ xy + yz + zx + ab + bc + ca<br />

= (x + y + z)2 − (x 2 + y 2 + z 2 )<br />

2<br />

= 1 − (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )<br />

2<br />

+ 1 − (a2 + b 2 + c 2 )<br />

2<br />

+ (a + b + c)2 − (a 2 + b 2 + c 2 )<br />

2<br />

= 1 − (a2 + x2 )<br />

−<br />

2<br />

(b2 + y2 )<br />

−<br />

2<br />

(c2 + z2 )<br />

2<br />

≤ 1 − ax − by − cz = (x + y + z)(a + b + c) − ax − by − cz<br />

= a(y + z) + b(z + x) + c(x + y)<br />

<br />

£¢<br />

¢ £ <br />

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(a, b, c) (x, y, z)<br />

<br />

£ y = z = 0 b + c = 0 ( ¢£ ) <br />

<br />

x y ¡ z xy + yz + zx ≥ 0 <br />

<br />

y = −z z = −x x = −y ¡<br />

¢¤£¦¥§¥©¨§¡¤¡¥¤ ¨<br />

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BC CA<br />

¨ AB a<br />

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ha hb<br />

¨ hc ©¦¡¡ a<br />

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b<br />

¡ c da db ¨ dc <br />

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△ABC a b c<br />

da<br />

¡ ¤ <br />

¡¦ A ¨ <br />

BC<br />

§<br />

ha + hb + hc<br />

3<br />

<br />

≤ da + db + dc<br />

¨


£¡ £¢£¢ ££¥¤££¦¤£¨§££<br />

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wa<br />

¢¢¢£ £ <br />

wb wc<br />

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A<br />

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¢ ¢ ¢£ B C<br />

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£ ¢<br />

¢ <br />

<br />

ha ≤ wa hb<br />

<br />

≤ wb hc ≤ wc<br />

¢£<br />

wa + wb + wc ≤ 3(da + db + dc)<br />

¥<br />

¤£££ ¡ <br />

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£ £ <br />

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sin B = cos 2 B<br />

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α = ∠BAC<br />

β = ∠ABC γ = ∠ACB △ABC<br />

DC K<br />

EA = ED = EC<br />

¡<br />

∠EDC = ∠ECD = γ<br />

∠EDC < ∠F CK = 90◦ − 1<br />

γ 2<br />

90◦ − 1<br />

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¨<br />

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◦ γ < 60 ¡¡<br />

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◦ ◦ DC B γ ∈ (0 , 60 )<br />

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§ c 2 = ab<br />

CD<br />

DB =<br />

¨ ¨ <br />

c > b<br />

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CE AF<br />

·<br />

EA F B<br />

= AF<br />

F B<br />

= CA<br />

CB<br />

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F<br />

K


CD b<br />

CF<br />

tan β b<br />

∠ACK<br />

=<br />

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=<br />

DB a tan γ a<br />

sin β b b b<br />

<br />

= = √ =<br />

cos β<br />

sin γ c ab a<br />

cos γ =<br />

<br />

a<br />

b<br />

<br />

cos β sin β<br />

<br />

= cos γ sin γ sin 2β = sin 2γ<br />

β + γ = 90◦ ◦ α = 90<br />

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AC<br />

sin β<br />

¢<br />

=<br />

sin β = cos 2 β<br />

BC<br />

b<br />

=<br />

a<br />

£ cos β = BA<br />

BC =<br />

¢ <br />

<br />

◦ 2β + 2γ = 180<br />

<br />

√ ab<br />

a =<br />

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<br />

b <br />

a<br />

££¢ <br />

£ £ <br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

£ ©£ <br />

<br />

£<br />

<br />

£<br />

sin β = cos2 2 β = 1 − sin β sin β = g − 1 = g−1 <br />

g = 1<br />

2 (1 + √ 5) β = arcsin(g −1 ) γ = arccos(g −1 ) <br />

¨§¡¤£¢¥¤©¨ ¡¨<br />

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x2 . . . xn<br />

4 |xi − xj|<br />

<br />

<br />

¦ ¨<br />

x1 ≤ x2 ≤ · · · ≤ xn<br />

≤ 8(n − 1)3 (n + 1)(2n 2 − 3)<br />

15<br />

n<br />

i,j=1<br />

4<br />

¨<br />

(xi − xj)<br />

3 §¡ ¥¤§¦© <br />

¡ (n − 1)<br />

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i=1 j=1<br />

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i=1 j=1<br />

n<br />

|i − j||xi − xj|<br />

¨ § <br />

¡ <br />

n(n − 1)<br />

n<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

n<br />

|xi − xj| = 2(n − 1)<br />

n<br />

⎜<br />

≤ 2(n − 1) ⎜<br />

⎝<br />

n<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

⎛<br />

n<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

≤ 2√ <br />

n − 1 n<br />

√<br />

n<br />

|i − j||xi − xj|<br />

n(n − 1)<br />

n<br />

(i − j) 2 (xi − xj) 2<br />

⎞<br />

⎟<br />

n(n − 1) ⎠<br />

n<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

(i − j) 4<br />

1<br />

4 n<br />

n<br />

i=1 j=1<br />

¨<br />

1<br />

2<br />

(xi − xj) 4<br />

1 ¨<br />

4


n<br />

£ £¢¢<br />

j=1 i=1<br />

¢¢£¢ <br />

<br />

£<br />

<br />

n<br />

(i − j) 4 = n2 (n2 − 1)(2n2 − 3)<br />

30<br />

£ <br />

N > 1<br />

<br />

n<br />

N |xi − xj|<br />

i,j=1<br />

≤<br />

<br />

2N (n − 1) N−2<br />

n2 n n<br />

|i − j|<br />

j=1 i=1<br />

N<br />

n<br />

(xi − xj)<br />

i,j=1<br />

N<br />

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N = 2 ¢¡ ¤£¥£§¦ ¨ <br />

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¡ <br />

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V<br />

L = BU ∩ CV<br />

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L ′ <br />

′<br />

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= BV ∩ CU M = CU ∩ AV M = CV ∩ AU N = AU ∩ BV<br />

N ′ ¨ ¦ <br />

= AV ∩BU<br />

ABC LMN<br />

′ ′ ′ ABC L M N ¦ LMN<br />

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3 (0, 1, 0) (0, 0, 1)<br />

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x+y +z = 1<br />

¡¡<br />

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a = (1, 0, 0)<br />

u = (u1, u2, u3)<br />

b = (0, 1, 0)<br />

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c = (0, 0, 1)<br />

v = (v1, v2, v3)<br />

¡ U V ¡<br />

ABC <br />

¤¡ <br />

ui vi<br />

¡ g = 1<br />

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¢¢¢ £<br />

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u<br />

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¢£¢ ′ AL<br />

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£¢¢<br />

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¢¢¢£ ¢£ ¢ £<br />

¢£ <br />

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p ′′ = u1v1(u2v3 + u3v2), u2v2(u1v3 + u3v1), u3v3(u1v2 + u2v1) <br />

£ £ <br />

−(u1v2 − u2v1) 2 ¢££ ¢<br />

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P ′′ = LL ′ ∩ MM ′ ¢£ £¢¢ ¢ ¢¢ ¢<br />

L<br />

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= p + p<br />

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x + y + z =<br />

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p λ = v1v2 + v2v3 + v3v1<br />

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££ ¢ ¡ ££££¢ £¦¤ <br />

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240<br />

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2 k<br />

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k − (n + 1)k + 4 (n + 1)2 2 <br />

n<br />

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144<br />

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≤ n3 (n 2 − 1)(3n 2 − 7)<br />

240<br />

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