Síra (S)

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Síra ra (S)
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Síra ra
13. prvok v zemskej kôre (0,06 %)
S v Západných Z padných Karpatoch ……0,1 ……0,1
%
6 modifikácii modifik cii
αS S (rombická) (rombick ) sa taví tav pri …… 112,8°C 112,8
Nie je rozpustná rozpustn vo vode, ani v kyseline sírovej. s rovej.
ahko ahko sa rozp rozpa
a v sírouhl rouhlíku, ku, v rope, petroleji a v anilíne. anil ne.
25 izotopov: 32 32S S (95.02%), 33 33S S (0.75%), 34 34S S (4.21%), 36 36S (0.02%).
Tvrdos: Tvrdos : 1 – 2
Merná Mern hmotnos: hmotnos : 2,05 g/cm3
Prímesi Pr mesi - ílov lové minerály miner ly
- karbonáty karbon ty
- sírany rany → sadrovec a anhydrit
- ropa + zemný plyn (inklúzie) (inkl zie)
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Zdroje S
prírodná síra S 100%
pyrit FeS2 53,40% *
chalkopyrit CuFeS2 34,90%
galenit PbS 13,40%
sfalerit ZnS 32,90%
pyrotit NuFeS2 38,00%
sádrovec CaSO4 . 2H2O 18,90%
anhydrit CaSO4 23,60%
ropné piesky priemer 1-5 %
uhlie priemer 1,5%
ropné bridlice priemer 0,3-6,2%
ropa 0,5-6%
kyselina sirová H2SO4 32,69%
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90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Produkcia S
Fraschov luhovací proces
prírodná S
pyrit
vedají produkt
1980 1990 2003 2007
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Fraschov luhovací luhovac systém syst
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Produkcia S ako vedaj ved ajieho ieho
neidentif.
35%
produkutu 2007
Ropa
23%
Metalurgia
28%
Zemný
plyn
14%
SO 2
H2S + 2O2 H2S + SO2 H 2 SO 4 , SO 2 (lq)
alebo olej
SO2 + S + 2H2O 3S + 2H2O PDF-XCHANGE
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petrolejárske
rafinérie
23%
ostatné
14%
ponohospodárstvo
15%
Vyuitie Vyu itie S – US 2007
spracovanie
Cu rúd
3%
fosfátové
hnojivá
45%
H2SO4
60%
S
40%
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Loisk Lo iská Síry: ry: genéza gen za
1. Vulkanické Vulkanick loisk lo iská
Exhalané Exhala (fumaroly, solfatary)
§ 2H 2S S + SO 2 → 3S + 2H 2O
hydrotermálne hydroterm lne (metasomatické (metasomatick zatlaovanie zatla ovanie
okolitých tufov a láv) l v)
Vulkano-sediment
Vulkano sedimentárne rne (okolie výverov horúcich hor cich
prameov) prame ov)
Sírov rové jazierka i i prúdy pr dy (vulkanickými plyny –
roztavenie S na stenách sten ch krátera) kr tera)
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Kawah Ijen Vých. Java, Indonézia Indon ia
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Loisk Lo iská Síry: ry: genéza gen za
2. 2. Sedimentárne
Sediment rne
vrstevnaté vrstevnat
biochemick biochemické
diapírov diap rové (soné (so pne)
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Schéma Sch ma biochemického biochemick ho vzniku S
anaeróbna anaer bna fáza f za
CaS VI VIO4 + CH 4 + desulfurikané desulfurika baktérie bakt rie → H2S-II II
+ CaCO 3 + H 2O
desulfurikané desulfurika baktérie bakt rie = anaeróbne anaer bne baktérie, bakt rie,
ktoré ktor sa ivia ivia sírou, s rou, ij ijú v prostredí prostred s uhovod uh ovodíkmi kmi
§ desulfovibrio desulfricans
§ desulfovibrio orientis
§ clostridium nigrificans
Uhovod Uh ovodíky ky
§ 2-4 4 bbl (1bbl = 159 l) na 1 tonu síry s ry
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Schéma Sch ma biochemického biochemick ho vzniku S
aer aeróbna bna fáza f za
2H 2H2S-II II + O 2 → 2S 0 + 2H 2O
Nepriepustn Nepriepustná vrstvá vrstv (napr. bridlice)
zabrauje: zabra uje:
§ Rozptýleniu H 2S
§ Pokroilej Pokro ilej oxidácii oxid cii :aeróbne :aer bne baktérie bakt rie
(Thiobacillus sp.)
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Potvrdenie biochemického biochemick ho vzniku S
CaSO 4, oxidané prostredie
> S 34
S, biogénne prostredie >
S 32
S 32 : S 34
21,60 – 22,10
22,20 – 22,70
C 12 : C 13
CaCO 3 diagenetické > C 13 87,50 – 88,50
CaCO 3 síronosné > C 12 91,95 – 95,50
C 12 viac v uhovodíkoch
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Main Pass
3 km
do 70m
G
G – plyn, O – ropa, W - voda
-
40 - 160m
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Posko Po sko – stratiformné stratiformn loisk lo iská S
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4-8 x 25 km
100 mil. t síry
Tarnobrzeg
Sarmatské krakowské íly
Báden – síra + kalcit (10-17 m)
Bádenské pieskyKarpatské íly
Jurské vápence alebo bridlice kambria
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Iraq –
stratiformné stratiformn
loisk lo iská S
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