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Mandinka - English Dictionary - Africanculture.dk

Mandinka - English Dictionary - Africanculture.dk

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<strong>Mandinka</strong> - <strong>English</strong> <strong>Dictionary</strong><br />

prepared by<br />

Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

PO Box 582<br />

Banjul<br />

The Gambia<br />

tel: 220 392466<br />

1995


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IRU $EGXOODDKL $EGX OHH" :KHUH LV<br />

$EGX"<br />

$EL Q QDPH RI D ODG\ VKRUW IRUP IRU<br />

$ELLEDWX $ELVDWX $EL\DWX 1WH<br />

PDQNH $EL WL ,P QRW $EL<br />

$EODD\ Q QDPH RI D PDQ VKRUW<br />

IRUP IRU $EGXOODDKL $EODD\ PX<br />

PLQWRQND OH WL" $EODD\ LV D SHUVRQ<br />

IURPZKHUH"<br />

$EXGX Q QDPH RI D PDQ VKRUW<br />

IRUP IRU $EGXOODDKL :RR PX<br />

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$EXX Q D PDQ V QDPH QDPH RI D<br />

PDQ VKRUW IRUP IRU $EXXEDNDU<br />

VKRUW IRUP IRU $EXXEDNDU $EXX<br />

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DFD Q RN<br />

DFD LQW JR RQ JR DZD\ WKH PHDQLQJ<br />

RI WKLV ZRUG LV DOZD\V H[SODLQHG E\<br />

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DGDPDGLÚR Q KXPDQ EHLQJ<br />

GHFHQGDQW V RI $GDPD ,WH PDQNH<br />

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$ODQVR <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

$ODQVDURR VLLWD OH $ODQVDURR WLPH LV<br />

XS<br />

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YHU\ VHULRXV<br />

DVRELL Q XQLIRUPLW\ GXULQJ<br />

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$\LVD DUH WKH VDPH<br />

<strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong> DVHWRR<br />

%D Q VXUQDPH )DDWX %D EH RILVRR<br />

NRQR )DDWX %D LV LQ WKH RIILFH<br />

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EDDML\R <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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VDOW\<br />

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EHVLGH /DDPLQ<br />

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V\PSDWK\ $ PDØ EDODIDD VRWR +H<br />

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xH 3OHDVH SLW\ PH<br />

EDODIDDPRR Q VWDWH $ PX<br />

EDODIDDPRR OH WL +HV D IRROLVK<br />

SHUVRQ VKRXOG EH SLWLHG<br />

EDODIDWHH Q VNLQ $ EDODIDWHH PDØ<br />

VHQH\DD +LV VNLQ LV QRW FOHDQ<br />

EDODIRÚR Q [\ORSKRQH<br />

EDODIXORR Q OHSURV\ %DODIXORR OH<br />

EH D OD +H KDV OHSURV\<br />

EDODMDDWRR Q ERG\ , EDODMDDWRR<br />

WRSRWRR 7DNH FDUH RI \RXU ERG\<br />

EDODMDZRR Q OHSURV\<br />

EDODMDZXWRR Q OHSHU $ PX<br />

EDODMDZXWRR OH WL +H LV D OHSHU<br />

%DODMR Q VXUQDPH<br />

EDODNDQGRR Q IHYHU %DODNDQGRR<br />

ND VL\DD VDPDD OH NRQR )HYHU LV<br />

FRPPRQ GXULQJ WKH UDLQ\ VHDVRQ<br />

<strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong> EDKDOORR<br />

EDODNHQVHÚR Q QDNHG XQFRYHUHG<br />

ERG\ , EDOD NHQVHØR NDQDWDD ELWLNRR<br />

WR 'RQW JR WR WKH VKRS QDNHG<br />

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EDODQGL Y WR FDXVH WR UHIXVH UHVLVW<br />

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UHVLVWV GLVDJUHHV $WH PX EDODQQDD<br />

OH WL +HV VRPHRQH ZKR GLVDJUHHV<br />

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NRWRRWD OH VDD\LØ 7KLV VFDOH LV ROG<br />

QRZ<br />

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EDDNH


EDPEDÚR <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

EDPEDÚR Q IR[ KDUGQHVV VWUHQJKW<br />

VWLIIQHVV .RQNLULLNRR OD EDPEDØR EH<br />

xDDGLL OH" +RZ LV WKH KDUGQHVV RI<br />

WKH FRQFUHWH"<br />

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EDPEDUDÚ MRRERR Q EURZQ<br />

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EDPEDUDØ MRRERR OH WL 7KHLU SDUURW<br />

LV D EURZQ QHFNHG SDUURW<br />

%DPEDUDÚR Q 0DOLDQ WULEH ,<br />

PDPD xRROX PX %DPEDUDØR OH WL<br />

7KHLU JUDQGSDUHQWV DUH %DPEDUDØR<br />

EDPEDURR Q SXPSNLQ %DPEDURR<br />

EHWH\DDWD EDORR WR OH 3XPSNLQ LV<br />

JRRG IRU WKH ERG\<br />

EDPEHH Q JDUGHQ EHG %DPEHH MHOX<br />

OH EH LOD QDDNRR NRQR" +RZPDQ\<br />

EHGV DUH LQ \RXU JDUGHQ"<br />

EDPERR Q FURFRGLOH %DPERR PX<br />

GDDIHØ MDZRR OH WL &URFRGLOH LV D<br />

GDQJHURXV DQLPDO<br />

EDPEX Y WR FDUU\ RQ RQH V EDFN<br />

EDFN 'XNDUH GLQGLØR EDPEX<br />

3OHDVH FDUU\ WKH FKLOG RQ \RXU EDFN<br />

EDPEXUDÚR Q FORWK IRU W\LQJ EDE\<br />

RQ WKH EDFN %DPEXUDØR GRR\DDWD<br />

OH 7KH EDPEXUDØR LV VPDOO<br />

EDPEXXWXORR Q PHGLFLQDO<br />

RLO FUHDP %DPEXXWXORR PDD ,<br />

EDORR OD 5XE WKH EDPEXXWXORR RQ<br />

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EDQMRR Q GHZ .XQXØ EDQMRR PDØ<br />

MLL


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<strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong> EDUDPDD<br />

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EHQGL <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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EXODDMRR <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

JHW LQ 6LNDD VDERR EXOD 6WRS<br />

FLJDUHWWH VPRNLQJ<br />

EXODDMRR Q UHVLGXH %XODDMRR EH<br />

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FLLIXURR <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

FLLIXURR Q KLVVLQJ &LLIXURR EXOD<br />

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GDPIX <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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GXQL\DD <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

GXQLUDQR OH WL $ ZKHHOEDUURZ LV D<br />

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IHHUHHGDGDD <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

IHHUHHGDGDD YQ FRQVSLULQJ<br />

PDNLQJ SODQ $OL EH IHHUHHGDGDD OD<br />


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VDIHH <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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VDQWR <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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VXQWX <strong>Mandinka</strong>-<strong>English</strong><br />

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<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong> EDQGLWU\<br />

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EHLQJ <strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong><br />

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<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong> FDVWUDWHG<br />

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LVODQG Q MRR\HH MRR\RR<br />

LVQ W LW H[ NRGLL<br />

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LVRODWHG SODFH Q KRULWRR<br />

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LW RS DWH<br />

LW LV OHPX<br />

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LWFKLQJ YQ ØDxDDURR<br />

LWFKLQJ VRUH Q EXXxDØR<br />

LWFK\ DGM ØDxDDWD<br />

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LWV SD DWHOD<br />

LWV SRVSQ DWHWDD<br />

LW V WLPH Q ZDDWRRVLLWD<br />

MDFN IUXLW Q MDDNIXUXWRR<br />

MDP Q WXEDDEXOL\R<br />

MDU Q GDD MLELGDD<br />

MHDORXV DGM NLLOL\DD NLLOL\DDWD<br />

NLLOL\DDULØ NLLOL\DDULØR KDDVLGL\DD<br />

MHDORXV SHUVRQ Q KDDVLGRR NLLORR<br />

MHDORXV\ Q NLLOL\DD NRQQDQWHH\DD<br />

KDDVLGL\DD MDZX\DD<br />

MHDQ FORWK Q MLLQRR<br />

MLKDG Q MLKDGRR<br />

MLQQ Q MLQRR<br />

MRLQ Q FRNLURR GXØ GXØ VXQNXURR<br />

FRNL<br />

MRLQ Y VXQNXUX<br />

MRLQW Q FRNRR<br />

MRNH YQ FDDNDDQRR<br />

MRNH Q VDQDDURR VDUDDQRR<br />

MRNH Y FDDNDDQL QHHQHH VDQDDUL<br />

VDUDDQL WXOXØ<br />

MRNLQJ Q QHHQHH VDQDDURR<br />

VDUDDQRR<br />

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MR\ Q NRQWDDQRR PDDGL\DD VHHZRR<br />

GL\DD<br />

MR\RXV DGM GLLPDD GL\DDULØ<br />

MXVXODD GL\DD<br />

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MXGJH Y NLLWLL NLLWL\RNXQWX<br />

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MXGJHPHQW Q NLLWLLNXQWRR<br />

MXGJHPHQW GD\ Q DOLNL\DDPD<br />

ORROXØR OXØODEDØR<br />

MXJGLQJ Q NLLWLLNXQWRR<br />

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MXPS Y SRGL VDZXØ<br />

MXPS GRZQ IURP XS Y FLSRØ<br />

MXPS IULJKWIXOO\ Y FRROL<br />

MXPSHG Y SRGLWD<br />

MXQH Q MXXQXNDURR<br />

MXQJOH Q VXWRR<br />

MXQLRU ZLIH Q PDDxRR<br />

MXQN IRRG Q GRPRULIHØ PHVHØR<br />

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NHHS Y PDDER<br />

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NHHS GRLQJ Y ZDD<br />

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NHHS WR ULSH Y IXID PRQGL<br />

NHHSLQJ TXLHW YQ GHH<br />

NHUQHO Q NRURVRR WHQNXORR<br />

NHURVHQH Q NDUDVLLQRR<br />

NHURVHQH JDV VWRYH Q VLWRRIRR<br />

NHWWOH Q EDUDDGDD WDVDORR<br />

NH\ Q FDDERR NXQHHGLØR<br />

NLFN Y GDPIX<br />

NLFN ZLWK WKH WRHV Y WRR<br />

NLGQH\ Q NRRNLORR VXQGLØR<br />

NLOO Y IDD IDD IDD<br />

NLOOHU Q IDDODD IDDULODD PRRIDDODD<br />

QMDODD\LUL<br />

NLOOLQJ YQ IDDURR<br />

NLORJUDP Q NLORR<br />

NLORPHWUH Q NLORPHHWDURR<br />

NLQ Q EDDGLØR EDDGLØ<br />

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NLQG DGM KDGDPD\DD EHWH\DD<br />

NLQGQHVV Q xLLxDD<br />

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NLQJ Q PDQVDNHH<br />

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NLVV Y VXPEX<br />

NLVVLQJ YQ VXPEXURR VXPERR<br />

NLWFKHQ Q .RREDD NXWXEXØR<br />

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NQHH Q NXPEDOLØR<br />

NQHH FDS Q NXPEDOLØ PLUDØR<br />

NQHHO Y xR\L<br />

NQHHOHG Y xR\LWD<br />

NQHHOLQJ VY xR\LULØ<br />

NQHHOLQJ Q xR\RR<br />

NQHOW Y xR\LWD<br />

NQHZ DERXW Y NDODPXWD<br />

NQLIH Q PXURR<br />

NQLIH V EODGH Q PXUXNHVRR<br />

NQLIH V VKHDWK Q PXUXODD<br />

NQRFN Y NRQNRØ<br />

NQRW Q WDIRR<br />

NQRW Y WDIX<br />

NQRW DV D FKDUP Q WDIRR<br />

NQRZ Y ORØ<br />

NQRZ RI Y NDODPXWD<br />

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NQRZLQJ Q ORØR NDODPXWDURR<br />

NQRZOHGJH Q ORQGRR<br />

NQRZOHGJHDEOH DGM ORØ ORQWD<br />

ORQGLØR<br />

NRODQXW Q ELWDNRRODD NXUXZR<br />

ODERXUHU Q OHEHUHHVRR<br />

ODFH Q OHHVRR<br />

ODFN RI IDLWK Q OLLPDDQL\DDEDOL\DD<br />

ODFN RI NQRZOHGJH Q ORQEDOL\DD<br />

ODFN RI VK\QHVV Q xDDMDD<br />

ODFN RI WLPH Q GHZXØR<br />

xDDVRWREDOL\DD<br />

ODFN RI ZRUNLQJ Q GRREDOL\DD<br />

ODGGHU Q ODPSLØR VHHORR<br />

VHOHQVHOHQGDØR<br />

ODGGHU URSH Q ODPSLØR<br />

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0DDPDD 0DDPDQGLØ 0DUDP<br />

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ODXQGUHVV Q NXXULODD<br />

ODXQGU\ Q NXXURR<br />

ODZ Q OXZDD<br />

ODZ DGM VLORR<br />

ODZ EUHDNHU Q OXZDDVDZXQQDD<br />

ODZ EUHDNLQJ Q OXZDDWLLxDD<br />

ODZ NHHSHU Q OXZDDWL\R<br />

ODZ\HU Q ORR\DD<br />

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OD]\ DGM NDWDEDOL\DDWD QDDUL\DD<br />

QDDUL\DDWD QDDUL\DDULØ EDORR<br />

GL\DDWD<br />

OHDG DVWUD\ Y ILOLQGL<br />

OHDG WR D SODFH Y NHQNHØ<br />

OHDGHU Q DOLIDD NXQWL\R NXQWRQNRR<br />

xDDWRQNRR<br />

OHDGHUVKLS Q DOLIDD\DD NXQWLL\DD<br />

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OHDG SHRSOH LQ D SUD\HU Y<br />

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OHDI Q ILWRR MDPERR<br />

OHDN Y ERØ VXOHØ<br />

OHDNDJH Q VXOHØR<br />

OHDN DLU Y SHHUL<br />

OHDNHG Y VXOHQWD<br />

OHDNHG DLU Q SHHULWD<br />

OHDNLQJ Q VXOHØR<br />

OHDQ Y QDML VHPEH<br />

OHDQ RQ Y VXML<br />

OHDQHG Y QDMLWD<br />

OHDQHG Q 6HPEHWD<br />

OHDQLQJ VY QDMLULØ<br />

OHDQLQJ Q VHPEHULØ<br />

OHDUQ Q QNNLØ<br />

OHDUQ Y NDUDØ QLNL QLØ<br />

OHDUQHG DGM NDUDØ ORØ ORQWD<br />

ORQGLØR NDUDQWD<br />

OHDUQHG SHUVRQ Q NDUDQQDD<br />

ORQQDD ODOOXPRR<br />

OHDUQHU Q NDUDQQDD NDUDQGLØR<br />

OHDUQLQJ Q NDUDØR QLQGLURR<br />

OHDVH RXW Y OXZDDVL<br />

OHDWKHU Q NXORR<br />

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OHDWKHU VKRH Q NXOXVDPDWRR<br />

OHDWKHU ZRUN Q EDDURR<br />

OHDWKHU ZRUNHU Q IDUDERR<br />

NDUDQNHH<br />

OHDYH Y EXOD EXODQFDQFDØ GDKDQGL<br />

IDWDQGL<br />

OHDYH Q OLLIRR<br />

OHDYH DORQH Y IDWD WHQNXQGL WX<br />

/HEDQHVH HWF Q 1DDURR<br />

OHHFK YQ QXXURR<br />

OHIW Q PDUDD<br />

OHIW KDQG Q PDUDD<br />

<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong> ODXQGUHVV<br />

OHIW KDQG VLGH Q PDUDD<br />

OHIW KDQGHG SHUVRQ Q PDUDDPDD<br />

OHIW RXW YD ODPIHHWD<br />

OHJ Q VLQNDORR VLØR<br />

OHJLWLPDWH FKLOG Q KDODDOLGLØR<br />

KDDODDOLGLØR<br />

OHPRQ Q OHPXQRR<br />

OHQG Y GRQWR IXX<br />

OHQGLQJ YQ GRQWRURR<br />

OHQGLQJ Q GRQWRR IXZR IXXURR<br />

OHQJWK Q MDQIRR MDØD\DD<br />

OHQJWK RI WLPH Q ZXFRR<br />

OHQJWKHQ Y MDQD\DQGL<br />

OHRSDUG Q VRORR<br />

OHSHU Q EDNLWRR EDODMDZXWRR<br />

OHSURV\ Q EDODIXORR EDODMDZRR<br />

OHW XV Q ÙÙD<br />

OHWWHU Q KDUDIRR OHHWDURR<br />

OHWWHUV FDSLWDO EROG Q NXOXEDD<br />

OHWWHU VPDOO Q NXOXPHVHØR<br />

OHWWXFH Q VDODDWRR<br />

OHYHO Y GHHND GHHNDQGL WHPEHQGL<br />

OHYHO VROYHG HWF DGM WHPEH<br />

OLDU Q IDQL\DD IRRODD IDQRR IHxRR<br />

ZXORR<br />

OLFHQFH Q ODQVLLQRR<br />

OLFHQVH Y ODQVLLQ<br />

OLFN Y QHZ QHZXØ<br />

OLFNLQJ Q QHZXURR<br />

OLFNLQJ YQ QHZXØR<br />

OLG Q NXEHHURR ELWLQGDØR<br />

VXNLQGDØR<br />

OLH Q IDQL\DD ZXOL\DD ZXOX<br />

ZXOX\DD<br />

OLH Y IDQL<br />

OLH GRZQ Y ODD ODD ODD ODQGL<br />

OLH IODW RQ WKH EDFN Y MDØ<br />

OLHV Q IDQL\DD ZXOL\DD<br />

OLIW Y FLND FLNDQGL FRQND xLND<br />

xLNDQGL VLND WHHND<br />

OLIW D OLWWOH Y \HWX<br />

OLIWHG Y VLNDWD WHHNDWD<br />

OLIWHG Q xLNDULØ WHHNDULØ<br />

OLIWLQJ YQ xLNDURR VLNDURR<br />

OLJKW Q IDQRR OHHURR QRRURR<br />

PDORR PDOD<br />

OLJKW Y PXWDQGL<br />

OLJKW DGM IHHPDD IHH\DD<br />

OLJKWHQLQJ Q VDQØDODVRR<br />

OLJKWHU Q ELULNHHWRR<br />

OLNH ERNR<br />

OLNH VY ODILULØ<br />

OLNH Q xRØ<br />

OLNH Y ODIL ODILWD<br />

OLNH DGY NR PXQWD NR<br />

OLNH FRQM NRPHØ<br />

OLNH HU LQ (QJOLVK ODD<br />

OLNHO\ DGY ODIL<br />

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OLNHQHVV Q PXOXØR<br />

OLNHV Q ODILQQDIHØR ODILQQDNXZR<br />

OLOO\ WURWWHU Q EDDWRQDDQDD<br />

OLPH IUXLW Q OHPXQD NXPXØR<br />

OHPXQD PHVHØR<br />

OLPH SDLQW Q ODVRR<br />

OLPLW Q QDDQHH<br />

OLPS Y MXXPD<br />

OLPSHG YQ MXXPDWD<br />

OLPSLQJ YQ MXXPRR<br />

OLQH Q UDØR<br />

OLQHDJH Q ODPEHH ODVLGRR ZXOXZR<br />

OLQN Y NDIXQGL<br />

OLRQ Q MDWRR<br />

OLRQ KHDUWHG DGM MXVRR EDQEDQWD<br />

MXVRRMDDWD<br />

OLS Q GDDWXURR<br />

OLTXLG DGM MLLPDD<br />

OLTXLG PHGLFLQH Q ERRULML\R<br />

OLVWHQ Y ODPR\ WXORR ORR<br />

OLVWHQHU Q ODPR\LULODD<br />

OLVWHQLQJ YQ ODPR\LURR<br />

OLWHUDWH DGM NDUDQWD<br />

OLWUH Q OLLWDURR<br />

OLWWOH YD GRR\DDWD<br />

OLWWOH Y GRR\DD NXØRIHH\DD<br />

OLWWOH DGY GRPDQGLØ GRPDQGLØ<br />

GRPDQGLØ<br />

OLWWOH DGM GRR\DD GRR\DDULØ<br />

OLWWOH IDU DGM VDEDWD VDED<br />

OLWWOH ILQJHU Q EXOXNRQGLØ ODEDQR<br />

OLYH Y EDOXX VDEDWL<br />

OLYH ORQJ Y VLLPDD\DD<br />

OLYHG ORQJ Y VLLPDD\DDWD<br />

OLYHLKRRG Q EXOXZR<br />

OLYHOLKRRG Q EDOXXUDØR<br />

OLYHU Q MXVRR EXxRR<br />

OLYHVWRFN Q EHH\DØR<br />

OLYLQJ YQ VDEDWLULØ<br />

OLYLQJ Q EDOXXxDD EDOXXUDØR VLLULØ<br />

OLYLQJ ORQJ Q VLLPDD\DD<br />

OLYLQJ WKLQJ Q QLLODPDD<br />

OL]DUG Q EDVRR NDDQDD<br />

ORDG Q GXQRR<br />

ORDG Y GXQXQGL VDULVHH<br />

ORDG D JXQ Y VRVR<br />

ORDG RQHVHOI ZLWK D ORDG Y<br />

NRQRPDD<br />

ORDGHG Y VDULVHHWD<br />

ORDGHG VY VDULVHHULØ<br />

ORDGLQJ YQ xXQGLURR<br />

ORDGLQJ Q VDULVHH<br />

ORDI Q NXØR<br />

OREH RI WKH HDU Q WXOXILWRR<br />

/REVWHU Q QGHHULQGHHULØR<br />

ORFN Q VRRUDØR VRURQGDØR<br />

ORFN Y VRURØ NRURRVL VRR<br />

ORFNHG Y VRURQGLØ VRURQWD


ORFNLQJ <strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong><br />

ORFNLQJ Q VRURØR<br />

ORFXVW Q NXQWLØR NXQWXØR<br />

ORGJH Y ML\DQGL ML\DD<br />

ORGJH Q KRWHHORR ML\DDGXODD<br />

ORGJHG Y ML\DDWD<br />

ORGJLQJ YQ ML\DQGRR<br />

ORGJLQJ VY ML\DDULØ<br />

ORLQ FORWK Q QMHPERR<br />

ORQHOLQHVV Q NLLGHH NLLGRR<br />

ORQHO\ DGM NLLGHH NLLGHHULØ<br />

NLLGHHWD NLLGHHULØR NLLGRR<br />

NLLGRRWD NLLGRRULØ<br />

ORQHVRPH Q NLLGRR<br />

ORQHVRPH DGM NLLGHH NLLGHHULØ<br />

NLLGHHWD NLLGHHULØR NLLGRRWD<br />

NLLGRRULØ<br />

ORQHVRPHQHVV Q NLLGHH<br />

ORQJ DGM MDQID MDQD\DDULØ MDØR<br />

ORQJ Q MDQIDULØR<br />

ORQJ IRU Y KDPH NXPERR PHH\DD<br />

KDPHWD<br />

ORQJ OLIH Q VLLPDD\DD<br />

ORQJ VOHHYH Q EXOXMDØR<br />

ORQJ VWLFN Q GRQWLØR<br />

ORQJ WDLOHG VKLUNH Q FDDFDD<br />

ORQJ WURXVHUV Q VLQMDØR<br />

ORQJLQJ VY KDPHULØ<br />

ORRN Y IHOH MLLEHH<br />

ORRN Q MXXEHH<br />

ORRN DIWHU Y WRSRWRR WRSDWRR<br />

ORRN DOLNH Y PXOXØ PXOXQ\DD<br />

PXOXQ\DDWD<br />

ORRN DURXQG Y xDD NDODØ NDODØ<br />

xDD PXUXØ PXUXØ<br />

ORRN DURXQG Q NDODØ xDDNDODØ<br />

ORRN IRU Y xLQL xLQLØ<br />

ORRN OLNH DGM EH NR<br />

ORRN OLNH ERNR<br />

ORRN OLNH Y PXOXØ PXOXQ\DD<br />

ORRNLQJ Q MXXEHHURR<br />

ORRNLQJ YQ IHOHURR<br />

ORRNLQJ DIWHU YQ WRSRWRRURR<br />

ORRNOLNH DGY PXQWD<br />

ORRNV Q PXOXØR<br />

ORRVH DGM NXØRIHH\DDWD ODNDIX<br />

ODNDIXWD ODNDIXULØ ODNDIXULØR<br />

\RPID<br />

ORRVH Y MLQGL<br />

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ORRVH ZRPDQ Q IHHUDD\RR FDNRR<br />

ORRVHQHVV DGM NXØIHH\DD<br />

ORRVHQHVV Q IXXULØ\DD<br />

ORUU\ Q NDPL\RØR NXUL\HH<br />

ORVH Y ERØR )LOL NDODILOL IRR<br />

ORVH ZHLJKW Y ODEDUD<br />

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ORVHU Q ERQRODD IRRODD<br />

ORVLQJ YQ ERQRR<br />

ORVV YQ ERQRR<br />

ORVW DGM ILOLULØR<br />

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OXFN Q KDULMHH<br />

OXFN\ YD PDQWDDEHQWD<br />

OXFN\ DGM KDULMHHGL\DDWD KDULMHHWD<br />

KDULMHHULØR KDULMHH<br />

OXFN\ SHUVRQ Q KDULMHHPDD<br />

OXGR GLFH Q ORGRNHVRR<br />

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OXQFK Y NRQWRØ<br />

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OXQJ V Q NXIXNDIRR<br />

OXUN Y GHQGH<br />

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PDFKLQH Q PDVLØR<br />

PDG DGM FDIDULWD<br />

PDGH WR FDUU\ Y GXQXQGL<br />

PDJJRW Q WXPERR<br />

PDJJRW\ DGM WXPEX<br />

PDJLFLDQ Q EDWXXWDD<br />

PDJQHW Q QHHEXZDD<br />

PDLG Q PELQGDDQRR<br />

PDLQ HQWUDQFH Q GDDEDD<br />

PDL]H Q WXEDDEXxRR<br />

PDMRULW\ Q MDPDD<br />

PDNH Y GDD GDGDD GRRNXX<br />

PDNH D EORFNDGH Y ELOL<br />

PDNH D ORVW Y ER\L<br />

PDNH SRVVLEOH Y EHQGL<br />

PDNLQJ EDPERR IHQFH YQ<br />

ERQNRVRR<br />

PDOH Q KLMLQNHH NHH<br />

PDOH FLUFXPFLVHU Q PXQNDDxRR<br />

PDOH JRDW Q NRWRØR<br />

PDOH SLOJULP Q $ODDML<br />

PDOH UXOHU Q PDQVDNHH<br />

PDOH VKHHS Q NRWRØR<br />

PDOH YLUJLQ Q PXVXORPEDORR<br />

PDOHULD IHYHU Q NDMHH<br />

0DOLDQ WULEH Q %DPEDUDØR<br />

PDOWUHDW Y KDODNL<br />

PDOWUHDWPHQW Q KDODNRR<br />

PDQ Q NHH NHZR NHQGLØR<br />

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PDQ ZKR OLNHV VH[ Q<br />

PXVXODQGL\R<br />

PDQ ZKR OLNHV VH[ VR PXFK Q<br />

PXVXNXXODD EDD<br />

PDQDJH Y PDQDQNXØ<br />

PDQDJLQJ Q PDQDQNXØR<br />

PDQGDULQ Q PDQGDULLQRR<br />

PDQGLQND GDQFH Q VHZXUXEDD<br />

PDQGLQND GDQFH Q OHQMHØR<br />

PDQGLQND ODQJXDJH Q<br />

0DQGLQNDNDØR<br />

0DQGLQND PDVTXHUDGH Q<br />

NDQNXUDØR<br />

PDQGLQND SHUVRQ Q 0DQGLQNRR<br />

PDQGLQND WULEH Q 0DQGLQNRR<br />

PDQJR IUXLW Q GXXWDGLØR GXXWRR<br />

PDQJR WUHH Q GXXWDVXØR GXXWRR<br />

PDQJURYH Q PDQNRR<br />

PDQKRRG Q GLQNHH\DD NHH\DD<br />

PDQLDFDO IRU VH[ DGM<br />

NHHODQGL\DDWD<br />

PDQQHU Q GDDMLNRR IHHUHH MLNRR<br />

NHHxDD<br />

PDQQHU RI VRXQGV DGY NHOHØ<br />

PDQQHU RI VLPSOLFLW\ HWF Q<br />

WLPLQRR<br />

PDQQHUV JRRG Q NXOXZR<br />

PDQ V QDPH Q $DPDGX %DGDUD<br />

EDOXXWD %DPED EDØR %DVLLUX<br />

%DWXXUX %D\LOR %LUDQ %LURP<br />

%RORØ %XQDDPD %XQMDD %XUDDPD<br />

EXZDD &RUQR &HUQR 'HPED<br />

'HPERR 'XXGX GXXWD 'XZD<br />

)DDEDD )DDID )DDNHHEDD )DQGLØ<br />

)DUDED )DUD IRRGHH +DDVLPX<br />

+DELLEX +DVDQ ,<br />

PDQXUH Q MDPEDQGRR<br />

PDQ\ DGM VL\DD VL\DDWD VL\DDULØR<br />

MDPDD<br />

PDUDERXW VWRUN ELUG Q QMLPRR<br />

0DUFK Q 0DDFLNDURR<br />

PDUJDULQH Q ERRWD<br />

PDUN Q PDDNRR PDDULNRR<br />

WDDPDQVHHURR WDPSRR<br />

PDUN Y QXXQHH<br />

PDUN RI VRPHWKLQJ Q QRR<br />

PDUNHU DGY ND<br />

PDUNHW Q PDULVHH<br />

PDUNHW IRU VHOOLQJ IUXLWV Q<br />

VDQGLNDD<br />

PDUNVPDQVKLS Q EXOXGL\DD<br />

PDUULDJH Q IXWXZR<br />

PDUULDJH SDUWQHU Q IXWXXxRR<br />

PDUULHG DGM IXWXXULØR<br />

PDUULHG ZRPDQ Q IXWXXPXVRR<br />

PDUU\ Y IXWXX<br />

PDUU\ D ODG\ Y IXWXXVLWL<br />

PDVNLQJ WDSH Y NROHH


PDVRQ Q EXOORRODD PDVRØR<br />

PDVRQ ZDVS Q GXQGXQNDUDUDØR<br />

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<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong> VLON<br />

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VQRULQJ <strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong><br />

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<strong>English</strong>-<strong>Mandinka</strong> VSUHDG<br />

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