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SUPPLEMENT A 

Weekly 

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 


VOICE 

1 


VOICE 

http://www.thevoicemyanmar.com 

Vol.9 / No.28 

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TheVOICE Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

C 

37 


VOICE 

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47 


VOICE 

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VOICE 

Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

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TRANSPORTATION 

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pmrsufESm 17 okdY 

Chief Editor - Kyaw Min Swe, Editor in-Charge-Zeya Thu, Managing Editor-Kyaw Naing, Contributor -Nathan Maung, 

Senior Executive Editors - Kyaw San Min, Khine Cho Zaw Win Tin, Zin Zin Thaw, Thiri Zaw, Nwet Kay Khine, 

Senior Editors-Mya Hnin Aye, Thu Rein Hlaing @ Khunn Thu, Editorial Secretary- Aung Soe, Chief Reporter -Naing Min Wai, 

Graphic Editors - Myo Htoo Htet, Ngu War Khine, Soe Han, Hein Tint, Photo Editor-Moe Kyaw Lwin, 

Foreign Affairs - Aung Kyaw Soe (Desk Editor), Tin Aye Kyaw, Thant Zin Soe, Aung Nyein Chan, 

Editors - Min Htet San, Aung Bo Bo Shein, Kyaw Swar Soe, Min Myo, Kyi Kyi Lwin, Zin Mar Lar Htay @ Green, 

Moe Khine, Kyu Kyu Thin (Moe Myay), Editorial Assistant- Swe Nyein Aye, Chan Nyein Phyu, Thiri Win Thu Lwin. 

Senior Reporters-Tin Linn, Pyae Phyo Lin, Aung Myint Htun, Le Yee Myint, 

Reporters - Ei Mon Aung, Ye Zon Aung, Naw Ko Ko, Shwe Sin Oo, Nyan Myo Aung , Kyaw Oo Naing, Aung Aung Tun, Sid Nyein Thu, Zarni Oo, 

Pyae Phyo Aung, Ye Naing Oo, Khine Cherry Htun, Thant Zin Oo, Thin Yadanar Su, Han Thu Tun, Zay Nway Tun,Thazin Oo, Kan Zaw, 

Photographer- Ye Pyae Zarni, Mandalay- Ye Win Naing, Aye Thanda Tun,Win Shwe Yi Oo, Min Min Soe, Monywa - Ko Thet, Thi Ha Phone Mo (Magway)

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7 


VOICE 

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VOICE 

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Ref: 

1. BBC: Can China be green by 2020 

2. Financial Times: China smog 

cuts 5.5 years from average life 

expectancy, study finds 

3. Channel6NewsOnline: China 

asks U.S. Embassy to stop 

publishing Beijing air quality data 

3. http://en.wikipedia.org

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

13 


VOICE 

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wpfzufu ukod kvfawG&aeovd k wpfzufuvnf; 

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uif;pifyaysmufovJ qdk&if ¼ 

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yaysmufygw,f/ 

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a'gouif;pifyaysmufygw,f/ 

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BuD;av;cku vlwd kif;y,fcsifaeMuwJ h tukod kvfawG 

yg/ rvT Jomra&Smifomvd Yom vufcHxm;Mu&wm 

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aemufb0 aemufb0awGtxdtwlygoGm;awmhrSmyg/ 

Ä Ak'¨gEkówdyGm;vQif? 'd|dyif? uif;pif 

yaysmufonf/ 

Ä arwåmyGm;vQif? a'goyif? uif;pif 

yaysmufonf/ 

Ä r&PmEkówdyGm;vQif? rmeyif? uif;pif 

yaysmufonf/ 

usrf;ukd;/ / 

1/ edAÁmer*¾'DyeD (ppfukdif;yxr*E¨m½kHq&mawmf) 

2/ &wemh*kPf&nf (q&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho) 

3/ Ak'¨gEkówdbm0em (q&mawmft&SifZeumbd0Ho) 

4/ pwk&m&u©usrf; (o*FZmq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;) 

5/ y&rw¦o½lyab'eDusrf; (r[m0dok'¨g½kHq&mawmf) 

6/ *kPfawmft&om (anmifav;yifawm&q&mawmf) 

7/ oajyuefy&dwfBuD;edó,opf (t&Sif0gao|mbd0Ho) 

8/ r[mAk'¨0if"r®&wemcef; (rif;uGef;wdyd#u"&q&mawmf) 

9/ oAÁr*Fvm"r®a'oem (t&Sif0go0gbd0Ho) 

10/ rax&fjrwfwkdYpum;0kdif; (4) ("r®ab&Dt&Sif0D&d, - awmifpGef;) 

11/ anmifwkef;ygVdwuúokdvf a&T&wkr*¾Zif;/ 

12/ &wemokH;yg;aus;Zl; ("r®mp&d,OD;aX;vSdKif) 

13/ Ak'¨gEkówdbm0em ("r®mp&d, OD;at;Ekdif) 

Ä tokbyGm;vQif? &m*yif? uif;pif 

yaysmufonf/ 

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twGuf yg&rDjznfhaewmygyJav/ 

&a0EG,f (tif;r)

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14 


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(Bauman Moscow State Technical University) \ pmar;yGJpepf taMumif;udk jyefvnf rQa0vdkwJhpdwfjzpfrdygonf/ 

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vdkyJoifMum;Mu&ygonf/ wuúodkvf ygonf/ ar;cGef;awGuvnf; wpfckESifh awmhyg/ 

rSm wufaeMuwJh ausmif;om;rsm;u wpfck wlnDcsif;r&dSbJ oif&onfhtcef; aemufwpfcku pmar;yGJ\ &v'f 

wuúod kvfuay;wJ ynmoifqkeJ r[kwf ta&twGuf? ausmif;om;ta&twGuf udk csufcsif;odjcif;yg/ uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm 

bJ Ed kifiHawmfu ukefusp&dwfud uscHay; ay:rlwnfNyD; rsm;pGm&dSygonf/ pmar;yGJ vdk atmifpm&if;apmifhp&mrvdkyg/ 

wmjzpfygw,f(rdrdEdkifiHuxm;ay;w,f cef;0ifonfESif ar;cGef;pm&Guf ao;ao; udk,fajzxm;wJh tajz&Jh &v'f (atmif? 

ayghAsm)/ 'ghaMumif h wuúod kvfwufcGif h&zd 

jrefrmed kifiHtwGif;rSmbJ ppfaq;a&G;cs,f 

rIrsm;jyKvkyfygonf/ uRefawmfwufcJ h&wJ 

abmif;ref;wuúodkvf&JU r[mtif*sif 

eD,m pmar;yGJpepf (yxrESpfrSpNyD; 

r[mwef;txd toH k;jyKygonf) rSm oif 

Mum;&onfh bmom&yftm;vHk;udkajzqdk 

p&mrvdkyg/ tcsKdUbmom&yfawGu 

Assignment wif½HkeJY&ygonf/ ajzqdk& 

onfhbmom&yfawGrSmawmh a&;ajzeJY 

ESkwfajzqdkNyD; ESpfrsKd;&dSygonf/ a&;ajz 

taMumif;ud k yxrqH k;ajymjycsifygonf/ 

a&;ajzqdkaomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiH\ 

a&;ajzpepfESifh vHk;0jcm;em;ygonf/ 

ydkaumif;onf qdk;onf ajymjcif; 

r[kwfyg/ 

tm;vHk;odMuonfhtwdkif; jrefrm 

EdkifiHwGif bmom&yfwpfckudk ajzqdk&m 

wGif tJ'Dbmom&yfudk oifMum;onfh 

q&mu ar;cGef;xkwf&NyD; pmar;yG Jcef;ud 

rapmifh&yg/ aemufwpfcku ar*smawG 

aygif;NyD; tcef;wpfckxJrSm q&m 4 

a,muf 'grSr[kwf 5 a,mufcef Y pmar;yG 

udk BuD;MuyfMuygonf/ abmif;ref; 

wuúodkvfrSmawmh xdkuJhodkY r[kwfyg/ 

bmom&yfwpfckudk ajzqdk&mwGif xdk 

bmom&yfudk oifMum;onfh q&m 

wpfa,mufwnf;u pmar;yGJcef;udk 

apmif hygonf/ ausmif;om;ta&twGuf 

uvnf; 15-20 cef Yom&d Sygonf/ pmar;yG 

pcsdef 9 em&DqdkvQif uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm 

tm;vHk; 9em&D0ifMu&wm tm;vHk;odNyD; 

om;yg/ olwdkYqDrSmawmh wpfNydKifeuf 

0ifcdkif;onfh q&m&dSovdk wpf0ufpD 

0ifcd kif;onf hq&mvnf; &d Sygonf/ Oyrmausmif;om; 

20 &dSvQif 10 a,mufu 

av;awGud k q&mu pm;yG Jay:arSmufxm; 

ygonf/ ajzqdkrnfh ausmif;om;rsm;u 

udk,fajz&rnfh ar;cGef;udk uHprf;rJEIduf 

ovdk a&G;cs,f&NyD; uswJhar;cGef;udk,lNyD; 

ajz&ygonf/ cH keHygwfa&;jcif;? cH kpDjcif;rsm; 

r&d SbJ tqifajywJ hae&mrSm xd kifNyD;ajzMu 

&ygonf/ ud k,fusonf har;cGef;ud k zwfNyD; 

rajzEdkifygu tcsKdUaomq&mrsm;u 

ar;cGef;udk aemufwpfBudrfa&G;cs,fcGifh 

ay;wwfaomfvnf; tcsKdUu a&G;cGifh 

ray;awmhyg/ wu,fvdkYausmif;om;udk 

ar;cGef;a&G;cGifhaemufwpfBudrfay;cJhygu 

xdkausmif;om;tzdkY rnfrQyifajzEdkifap 

umrl trSwfjynfh&awmhrnf r[kwfyg/ 

'gu olwdkYEdkifiH&Jh rlwpfckyg/ 

aemufwpfcku tajzvTmpm&Guf 

yg/ uRefawmfwdkYqDrSmvdk pm&GufawGudk 

aygif;csKyfxm;onfh tajzvTmrsKd; 

r[kwfyg/ A4 pm&Gufwpf&GufjzpfNyD; 

tay: ESpfvufravmufrSm ausmif;om; 

trnf? bmom&yftrnf? ar;cGef;eHygwf? 

p ajzcsdef? jyefxGufcsdef? &rSwf ponfwd Yud 

jznf hpGufzd Y ae&m&d Sygonf/ uRefawmfaecJ 

wJh 4 ESpfvHk;pm&Guf tydkawmif;aom 

ausmif;om; rawGYcJhzl;yg/ ajzqdkonfh 

tcgwGif uRefawmfwd YqDrSmvd k wGufcsuf 

&onfh ar;cGef;rsKd;enf;NyD; oDtdk&DESifh 

oabmw&m; ar;cGef;rsm;omrsm; 

ygonf/ (rSwfcsuf- uRefawmfwdkY 

oli,fcsif; 3 a,mufu jrefrmtusifh 

twdkif; pm&Guftydkawmif;NyD; pm&Guf 

tjynfha&;awmh q&mu a&awGrsm;NyD/ 

rif;wd Yu pmar;yG JajzwJ hausmif;om;vm; 

pma&;q&mvm;vdkY tar;cHcJh&zl;yg 

onf/) wu,frvd kbJ tyd kawGa&;wmud 

a& [kqdkvdkygonf/ 

ratmif) udkwpfcgwnf; od&ygonf/ 

q&mu ol YpdwfBudKufar;jref; ppfaq;NyD; 

onfESif h ausmif;om;ygvmaom pmar;yG 

rSwfwrf;rSm wpfcgwnf; trSwfjznfhNyD; 

vufrSwfxdk;ay;vdkufygonf/ 'ghtjyif 

Xmeud kay;&rnf h pm&GufwGifvnf; trSwf 

jznf hvufrSwfxd k;NyD; wpfcgwnf; ,lxm; 

vdkufygonf/ ausmif;om;wdkif;rSm 

pmar;yGJ&rSwfrSwfwrf;pmtkyf&dSygonf/ 

pmar;yGJajzwdkif; tJ'Dpmtkyf,lvm&yg 

onf/ 'Dbmom&yfudk uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm 

vdk (solution) xkwfNyD; tjcm;q&m 

wpfa,mufu ppfaq;jcif;rsdK;r[kwfyg/ 

q&mwpfa,muf\ tqHk;tjzwfudkom 

twnf,lygonf/ xk dq&mu 'Dausmif;om; 

twef;wufzdkY t&nftcsif;rDvdkY 

vufrSwfxd k;ay;vd kufvQif rnfonf hq&m 

urSapm'urwufMuyg/ q&mwpfa,muf 

&JUvkyfydkifcGifhudk tjynfht0ay;xm;yg 

onf/ 'ghtjyif olwdkYEdkifiH&Jh txl;jcm;qHk; 

wpfcku pmar;yGJajzqdkrI uif;vGwfcGifh& 

jcif;qd kwm&d Sygonf/ qd kvd kwmu bmom&yf 

qd kif&m q&mu 'Dausmif;om;awmfw,f? 

pmar;yGJajzp&mrvdk[kowfrSwfNyD; 

trSwfjynf hay;vd kufvQif tJ'Dausmif;om; 

u ajzqdkrnfhaeUrSmoGm;ajzp&mrvdk 

awmhyg/ q&muvnf; bufvd kufrI? t*wd 

vd kufpm;rI uif;&Sif;&ygonf/ uif;vnf; 

uif;&Sif;Muygonf/ uRefawmfodo 

avmuf usL&Sifr&dSaomaMumifh igh 

ausmif;om;? olYausmif;om; jyóem 

vHk;0r&dSyg/ 'ghtjyif ausmif;om;awGu 

vnf; vmbfxd k;jcif;? uefawmhjcif;wd Yud 

vHk;0rjyKvkyfMuyg (odawmif odMurnf 

rxifyg/) 

aemufwpfcku trSwfay;enf; 

pepfyJjzpfygonf/ udk,fuswJhar;cGef;udk 

vnf; ar;cGef;rvJ&bJ ajzedkifr,f? 

q&mar;orQudkvnf; &r,fqdk&if (5 

rSwf) (Excellent)trSwfjynfh&ygw,f/ 

ar;cGef;ud k tm;vH k;ajzqd ked kifayr,f h q&m 

ar;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk tenf;i,fom 

ajzqkdEdkifygu (4 rSwf)(good) 

&&d Sygonf/ ud k,f&onf h ar;cGef;ud k ajzEd kif 

aomfvnf; q&mar;onfh ar;cGef;udk 

vHk;0rajzqdkedkifygu (3 rSwf) (satisfy) 

atmifrSwfom &&d Sygonf/ tajzvTma&m 

q&mhar;cGef;a&m rajzedkifvQifawmh (2 

rSwf) jzifhusygonf/ 3 rSwf&&dSaom 

aMumifh ausmif;om;urauseyfbJ 

trSwfydk&vdkvSsif q&mhqDrSm aemuf 

wpfBudrfcGifhawmif;NyD; ajzcGifh&dSygonf/ 

vlwdkif;udkawmh ajzcGifhray;yg/ 4 rSwf 

'grSr[kwf 5 rSwf&oifhw,fvdkY q&mu 

,lqolawGudkom jyefajzzdkY vufcHjcif; 

jzpfygonf/ 

aemufwpfcku ußGefawmfwdkYqD 

rSmvdk bmom&yfwpfckudk atmifpm&if; 

xGufNyD;rS jyefajz? tcef;awGapmifh? jyef 

ppf? atmifpm&if;jyefxkwf vkyfp&m 

rvd kyg/ ud k,f htajz usonfqd kwmud kodNyD; 

onfESifh aemufwpfcgajzzdkY q&mu 

&ufcsdef;wpfcgwnf; ay;ygonf/ xdkodkY 

&ufcsdef;ay;NyD; 2 BudrfrS 3 Budrftxd 

jyefajzEd kifygonf/ q&mu olvd kcsifonf 

tajctae ra&mufrcsif; jyefajzcdkif; 

ygonf/ b,fvdkrS r&awmhbl;qdkvQif 

tusay;ygonf/ tusay;awmhrnfh 

tcgrSomvQif XmewGif;q&m?rrsm; 

tpnf;ta0;xdkifNyD; qHk;jzwfMuygonf/ 

wcsdKUqdkvQif pmar;yGJ jyefajzae&if; 

ausmif;ydwfoGm;aomaMumif h aemufwpf 

wef;jyefpwJh tcsdefxd pmar;yGJajzae& 

onfh ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; &dSygonf/ 

odkYayr,fhav;ESpftwGif; xdkuJhodkY 

ausmif;om; 2 a,mufomawGYcJh&yg 

onf (XmewGif;udk qdkvdkygonf)/ 

Ed kifiHwd kif;rSm ol YvlrsdK;? ol Y,Ofaus; 

rI? "avhp½dkufrsm;? udk,fydkiftrltusifh 

rsm; &dSMuygonf/ odkYaomf ynma&;jzifh 

acwfrDzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufaom EdkifiHawmf 

opfBuD; wnfaqmufthH[k qdkif;yk'fawG 

xlcJhwm uRefawmfwdkY i,fi,fav;u 

wnf;uyg/ ESpfumv MumonfhtwGuf 

EPA 

qdkif;bkwfaq;awGomarS;rSdefcJh&onf? 

'DaeYtxd ynma&;pepfraumif;bl;? 

ynma&;aemufusw,fqd kwJ h pum;awG 

u Mum;ae&qJyg? ydkvnf;us,favmif 

vmygonf/ 

,ckazmfjycJhwJh pmar;yGJpepfu 

aumif;w,fvdkYqdkvdkjcif;r[kwfyg/ 

pepfwdkif;rSmawmh taumif;tqdk;&dS 

wwfMuygonf/ Oyrm- ,ckazmfjycJ honf 

pmar;yGJyHkpHqdkvQif tvGwfusufrSwf 

ajzqdkjcif;xuf vlawGUar;jref;jcif;yg 

xnf hoGif;xm;ygonf/ 'ghaMumif h wu,f 

odwJhtwGufajzxm;wmvm;? tvGwf 

usufajzxm;wmvm; ponfwd Yud k q&mh 

taeeJY vG,fulpGmcGJjcm;odEdkifygonf/ 

tcef;udk q&mwpfa,mufwnf;u 

apmifhwJhtwGuf vlawGtrsm;BuD; rukef 

awmhyg/ 'Dae&mrSm ajzqdkonfh ausmif; 

om;\ pm&dwåu ta&;BuD;jyefa&m? 

ausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;u ull;csae 

vQif q&m awmfawmfyifyef;ayvdrf hrnf/ 

odkYayr,fh ul;csifoavmuful;? EIwfajz 

r&vQif trSwfray;bl;qd kawmh odyfawmh 

jyóem&dSrnfr[kwf[k ,lqygonf/ 

('gutcef;zGJYpnf;rI ausmif;om;ta& 

twGufponfwdkYay:wGifvnf;rsm;pGm 

rlwnfaeygonf/) wpfzufuMunf hvQif 

vnf; wpfa,mufwnf;ud k ,H kMunfvGef; 

onf[k qd k&rvm;? vkyfyd kifcGif h tjynf ht0 

ay;onf[kyJ ajym&rvm;? bmom&yf 

wpfckeJY ywfoufvmvQif xdkbmom&yf 

udk oifMum;onfh q&m\tqHk;tjzwf 

onf t"dujzpfygonf/ rnfod Yyifjzpfap 

tvkyfwpfckvkyfaqmif&rSm tqdk;udk 

enf;EdkiforQenf;NyD;? taumif;udkrsm; 

EdkiforSs rsm;atmifvkyfaqmifMu&wm 

yJjzpfygonf/ olYEdkifiH? olYvlrsdK;ESifh oifh 

awmfonfh pepfwpfckudk csrSwftaumif 

txnfazmfMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ xdkodkY 

taumiftxnfazmf&mwGifEd kifiHaygif;rsm; 

pGmu ynma&;pepfrsm;udk avhvmNyD; 

Ed kifiH\ tem*wfynma&;twGuf toif 

awmfqHk; ynma&;pepfwpfckudk tjref 

taumiftxnfazmfEdkifygapvdkY qE´jyK 

&if; BuHKcJ h&wJ hpmar;yG Jpepfwpfckud ka&;om; 

wifjyvdkuf&ygonf/ 

NzdK;a0jrifh(pufrItif*sifeD,m)

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BUYING GUIDE 

15 

Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 


VOICE 


VOICE 

Vol.9/ No.28 Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

pma&;oli,fi,fu zwfjzpfcJ hwJ h q&moufvk H&J U ]om;i,f&G,fvl; 

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N E W B O O K S 

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&JoQrf; 

xkwfa0wdkuf - pHnTef;qkpmtkyfwdkuf? wefzdk; - 1000 

tmZmenfaeY usa&mufr,fh Zlvdkifv 19 &ufaeYtwGuf txl;owd 

xm;qifjcifp&mjzpfygw,f/ ]pme,fZif; apmifa&zGHU NzdK;jcif; onf 

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t&nftaoG; jrifhrm;rIonf ,Ofaus;rI jrifhrm;rIudk azmfjyonf} qdkwJh 

pmtkyf? pmay? pme,fZif;qdkwJh aqmif;yg;xJrSm yg0ifwJh pmom;awGu 

vnf; ,aeY jrefrmEdkifiH&JU pmayaps;uGuf pOf;pm;&if; &ifav;p&m 

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acgif;aqmifavmif;awG jzpfwJ h vli,fav;awGtwGufa&m? vrf;jyrSL;vd 

cH,lxm;olawGtwGufa&m todÓPfvif;p&m? trSwfwrJ h arhaewmrsKd; 

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ol,kwf? pmzwfjcif;ESif h tem*wf? trnf rsm;&J U aemufuG,f? trSwftom; 

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xkwfa0wdkuf - igwdkYpmay? wefzdk; - 2000 

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tusOf;axmifxJrSm &SdpOfu a&;om;xm;wJh pmpkawGvnf;jzpfygw,f/ 

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pma&;ol&JU cHpm;csufeJY arQmfvifhcsufqE´vnf; jzpfaeEdkifygw,f/ 

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atmifrQa0NyD; wpfavmuvHk; tm;aumif;jynfh0vmatmif BudK;pm;wJh 

oljzpfygap}/ ay;pmpmpkaygif; 20 yg0ifygw,f/ vli,fawG zwf½IzdkY 

oifhavsmfwJh pmtkyfrsKd;yg/ 

• 

toHk;cs0gusvrf;nTef 

Munf&Tef; 

xkwfa0wdkuf - Wisdom House ? wefzdk; - 1500 

t*Fvdyfpmudk tajccHusus zwf½Iem;vnfEdkifzdkYeJY uRrf;uRrf; 

usifusif a&;om;vmEdkifzdkY &nf&G,fxkwfa0w,fvdkY qdkw,f/ WISDOM 

HOUSE pm wnf;tzG U&J U yH hyd k;rIud k Munf&Tef;u pDpOf wnf;jzwfay;xm;wmyg/ 

A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English vdkY qdkxm;wJhtwdkif; 

'DpmtkyfrSm Verb Pattern 25 rsKd;? Noun Patten av;rsKd;eJY Adjective 

Pattern 3 rsKd;wdkYudk tajccHNyD; 0gustrsKd;rsKd; zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkudk 

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17 


VOICE 

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

19 


VOICE 

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VOICE 


21 

VOICE 

Vol.9 / No.28 Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

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VOICE 

Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

Sony Cyber-shot 

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HP Slate 21 Aii-in-One 

Price Unavailable 

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ESifh emwm&Snfudk rcGJjcm;jyEdkifyg/ 

xkwfjyefxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;ud 

pkpnf;azmfjyay;vdkufygonf/ 

t"dutcsufrsm; 

- tonf;a&mifAd kif;&yfpfpD(Hepatitis 

C Virus, HCV) aMumifh jzpf&onf/ 

- a&m*g\jyif;xefrItm;jzifh &uf 

owåywftenf;i,frQ emrusef;jzpfjcif; 

rSonf wpfb0vH k;ü tonf;ajcmufjcif;? 

tonf;uifqmwd YuJ hod Y touftE å&m,f 

&Sdaomtajctaersm;txd jzpfay:ap 

Edkifonf/ 

- a&m*gydk;&Sdol\ aoG;rSwpfqifh 

t"duul;pufaponf/ 

- vuf&SdwGif urÇmhvlOD;a& oef; 

150 cefYü pDydk;&SdaeNyD; ESpfpOfpDydk;aMumifh 

jzpfaom tonf;a&m*grsm;aMumifh 

vloHk;odef;cGJcefY toufqHk;½HI;vsuf&SdMu 

onf/ ul;pufcH&ol vlemtopfrsm; 

vnf; ESpfpOfoHk;oef;rS av;oef;cefY 

&Sdrnf[k cefYrSef;xm;Muonf/ 

- tonf;a&miftom;0g pDa&m*g 

udk Adkif;&yfpfESdrfeif;aq; (Anti-viral) 

rsm;jzifh ukoEdkifonf/ 

- vwfwavmü umuG,faq;r&S 

ao;aomfvnf; jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom 

okawoevkyfief;rsm;rSm a&SUquf 

aeMuNyDjzpfonf/ 

yx0Dtaetxm; ysHYESHhrI 

urÇmwpf0ef;vHk;ü &Sdaeonf/ 

tcsKdUaom EdkifiHrsm;wGif emwm&Snf 

ul;pufrIEIef; (Chronic Infection 

Rate) 5 &mcdkifEIef;ESifhtxuftxd 

jrifhwufaeonf/ tjzpftrsm;qHk; 

ul;pufjcif;enf;vrf;rSm roefY&Sif;aom 

(a&m*gydk;ygaom) ud&d,mwefqm 

yvmrsm;jzif h cE¨mud k,fud kxd k;azmufjcif; 

(aq;xdk;jcif;? aq;rifxdk;jcif; ponf) 

wdkY aMumifh jzpfonf/ 

ul;pufysHYESHhjcif; 

atmufygenf;vrf;rsm;jzifh 

t"duul;pufysHUESHYonf/ 

- a&m*gyd k;ygaom aoG;ESif h aoG;qd kif 

&mypönf;rsm; (aoG;&nfMunf? aoG;qJvf 

rTm; ponf) oGif;rdjcif; 

- udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif;tpm; 

xdk;jcif; 

- wpfcgoH k;aq;xd k;tyf roH k;rdjcif; 

tyfjzifh xdcdkuf'Pf&m&&Sdjcif; 

- a&m*gydk;&Sdol rdcifrS &ifaoG;odkY 

ul;pufjcif; 

- a&m*gydk;&SdolESifh tumtuG,f 

rygbJ vdifqufqHjcif; 

- aoG;pGef;ayaeaom toHk; 

taqmifrsm;udk oHk;rdjcif; 

rSm;,Gif;pGm ,lqxm;aom 

ul;pufenf;rsm; 

rdcifEdkU&nfwdkufauGs;jcif;rS rul; 

pufEdkifyg/ tjcm;a&m*gydk;rsm;uJhodkY 

tpm;tpmESifh aomufoHk;a&rSwpfqifh 

ul;pufEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdawGUayGUzufjcif;? 

omref erf;½Iyfjcif;? a&m*gydk;&SdolESifh 

tpm;taomuf twlwlpm;aomufjcif;? 

yef;uefcGufa,muf? ZGef;rsm; rQa0 

oHk;pGJjcif;? acR;jzifhxdrdjcif;wdkYrS ul;puf 

Edkifonf[k ,lqxm;jcif;onfvnf; 

rSm;,Gif;ygonf/ 

a&m*gvu©Pmrsm; 

a&m*gydk;pwif0ifa&mufcsdefESifh 

a0'emâ&m*gvu©Pm pwifjzpfay: 

csdef Mum;umvjzpfonfh a&m*gysdK;csdef 

(Incubation Period) rSm &ufowå 

ESpfywfrS ajcmufvcefYtwGif; jzpfonf/ 

wpfOD;csif;pD\ udk,fcHtm;ESifh tonf; 

taetxm;udk rlwnfí uGmjcm;onf/ 

odkY&mwGif ul;pufcH&olig;OD;wGif av;OD; 

cefYwGif ay:vGifxif&Sm;aom vu©Pm 

rjywwfaMumif; awGU&onf/ ay:wwf 

aom a&Smifwcifvu©Pm (Acute 

Symptoms) rsm;rSm zsm;jcif;? ajcukef 

vufyef;usjcif;? tpm;taomuf 

ysufjcif;? ysdKU jcif;? tefjcif;? Adkufatmifh 

jcif;? trnf;a&mifoef;aom qD;oGm; 

jcif;? rD;cdk;a&mif^ta&mifazsmhaom 

(t0ga&mifrygaom) 0rf;oGm;jcif;? 

tqpfrsm; emusifjcif;? tom;0gjcif; 

(rsufpdtjzLom;wGif pwif0gEdkifonf) 

wdkYjzpfygonf/ 

ul;pufcH&olrsm;\ 75-85 

&mcdkifEIef;cefYonf emwm&Snful;puf 

a&m*gjzpfoGm;NyD; ¤if;wdkYtxJrS 60-70 

&mcd kifEIef;onf emwm&Snf tonf;a&m*g 

cHpm;&wwfonf/ 5 -20 &mcdkifEIef;rSm 

tonf;ajcmufoGm;jyD; 1-5 &mcd kifEIef;rSm 

tonf;ajcmufa&m*g? tonf;uifqm 

a&m*grsm;jzif htoufqH k;Ed kifonftonf; 

uifqm vlemav;OD;wGif wpfOD;EIef;rSm 

pDyd k;aMumif hjzpf&aMumif; awG Y&S dxm;onf/ 

a&m*gydk; ppfaq;twnfjyKjcif; 

a&Smifwcif emrusef;jzpf½HkrQjzifh 

aq;ppfrIrjyKMujcif;? ul;pufcHxm;&ol 

a&m*gyd k;ul;pufcHxm;&jcif;ud k twnfjyK 

&ef Hepatitis C Virus Recombinant 

Immunoblot Assay (RIBA) 

prf;oyfcsufESif h Ad kif;&yfpf\ rsKd;½d k;ADZtrSsif 

RNA udkppfaom ppfaq;rI[lí ESpfckjyK 

vkyf&ef vdktyfygonf/ tonf;\ 

vkyfief;aqmifwm ppfaq;rI (LFT) ESif 

tjcm;tonf;qdkif&m ppfaq;rIrsm;yg 

jyKvkyf&ygrnf/ 

BudKwifppfaq;jcif; 

a&m*gawG U & S d twnf jyKrI 

apmavav? aemufqufwGJ qdk;usKd; 

rsm;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;udk wpfqifhul;puf 

EdkifpGrf;udk avSsmhcsEdkifavavjzpfonf/ 

ul;pufcH&&ef tEå&m,f rsm;ojzifh 

vdktyfovdk BudKwifppfaq;rI cH,loifh 

olrsm;rSm aoG;oGif;zl;ol? t*Fgtpdwf 

tydkif; tpm;xdk;ukorIcH,lNyD;ol? rl;,pf 

aq;taMumxJ xdk;oGif;oHk;pGJaeol/ 

,cif oH k;pG JcJ hzl;olrsm;? ausmufuyfa&m*g 

aMumif h rMumcP ausmufuyfaq;ae& 

olrsm;? usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;? HIV yd k; 

&Sdxm;NyD;olrsm;? tonf;a&m*g&Sdol 

odkYr[kwf tonf;aq;ppfrIü jyóem 

wpfpHkwpf&m awGY&olrsm;? a&m*g&Sdol 

rdcifrS arG;zGm;vmaom uav;i,frsm; 

jzpfjyD; ¤if;wdkYtwGuf yHkrSefppfaq;rI 

rsm;ud k Ed kifiHtcsdKUwGif oD;oef Y vkyfaqmif 

ay;aeaMumif; od&onf/ 

apmifUa&SmufukorI 

tonf;a&mif tom;0gpDa&m*g 

onf ukorIrjzpfrae vdktyfaom 

a&m*gwpfck r[kwfyg/ pDydk;rsdK;pdwfuGJ 

ajcmufrsdK;&SdNyD; ¤if;wdkYonf ukorItay: 

rwluGJjym;pGm wHkYjyefMuonfudk awGY& 

onf/ xdkYaMumifh toifhawmf taumif; 

rGefqHk; ukorIvrf;aMumif;udk a&G;cs,f 

Edkif&ef ukorIrpwifcif *½kwpdkuf 

HEALTH 

ppfaq;rIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfygonf/ 

tifwmzm&Gef (Interferon) ESifh 

&DbmAdkif&Jef (Ribavirin) uJhokdY aq;rsm; 

yg0ifaom aygif;pyfAd kif;&yfpfES drfeif; uko 

rIonf t"duusaom ukorIjzpfygonf/ 

tifwmzm&Gefonf ab;xGufqdk;usdK; 

jyif;xefjcif;? urÇmwpfvTm; ae&mtESHY 

vG,fulpGmr&Edkifjcif;? ukefusp&dwf 

jrifhrm;jcif; ponfhtm;enf;csufrsm;pGm 

&SdaeqJjzpfygonf/ xd Ytjyif tifwmzm&Gef 

ygaom ukorIrsm;onf vlemtrsm;pkü 

Adkif;&yfpfudk vHk;0eD;yg; aysmufuif;oGm; 

atmif ukoEdkifaomfvnf; tcsdKUolrsm; 

wGif vHk;0tjrpfjywfroGm;yg[k 

aq;okawoersm;pGmü awGY&Sd&onf/ 

xd YaMumif h tonf;a&miftom;0g 

pDa&m*gtwGuf yd krd kxda&mufí ab;xGuf 

qdk;usdK; enf;yg;aom Adkif;&yfpfESdrfESif; 

aq;opfrsm;ud k azmfpyfEd kif&ef qufvuf 

BudK;yrf;aeMujyD; xyfrHay:aygufvm 

aom Telaprevir ESifh Boceprevir [lí 

aq;opfESpfrsdK;udk EdkifiHtcsdKUü pwif 

oHk;pGJaeMuonf[k Mum;od&onf/ 

t"dutcsuftaeESifh od&SdrSwf 

om;&efrSm aexd kifpm;aomufrI? tm[m& 

ESifh ukorIwdkY rSefuefaumif;rGefaeygu 

udk,fcHtm;aumif;rGefaeapNyD; a&m*g 

vu©Pmrsm; jyovm&ef? aemufqufwG 

qdk;usdK;rsm;cHpm;&&ef txl;aES;auG;ap 

EdkifaMumif;? a&m*gydk;r&Sdolrsm;uJhodkY 

usef;rmvef;qef;pGm aexdkifEdkifaMumif; 

yif jzpfygonf/ 

umuG,fjcif; 

pDydk;umuG,faq; r&Sdao;aom 

aMumifh yxrtqifhumuG,fjcif; 

23 


VOICE 

taeESifh atmufygwdkYudk vdkufem&ef 

WHO u xkwfjyefxm;onf/ 

- rvdktyfaom/ oefY&Sif;pdwfcs&rI 

r&Sdaom aq;xdk;jcif;? aq;rifxdk;jcif;? 

cE¨mud k,fü taygufrsm;azmufí vuf0wf 

&wemrsm; 0wfqifjcif;? tyfpdkufukorI 

cH,ljcif;wd Yud k wwfEd kiforQ a&SmifMuOfyg/ 

aoG;oGif;&ef vdktyfvmygu 

pDydk;tygt0if a&m*gydk;rsm;uif;&Sif; 

aMumif; ppfaq;NyD;om;aoG;udkom 

vufcHyg/ (zG H YNzdK;qJEd kifiHrsm;wGif þtcsuf 

rSm rsm;pGmtm;enf;csuf&Sdaeonf) 

- aq;xdk;tyfrsm;? cGJpdwfcef;oHk; 

"m;rsm;ponfh aq;½Hkaq;cef;xGuf 

trIdufrsm;udk pepfwus pGefYypfyg/ 

]]rl;,pfaq;0g; oH k;pG Jjcif;? aq;xd k; 

tyfrSsa0oHk;pGJjcif;ESifh tumtuG,frJh 

vdifqufqHjcif;udk a&SmifMuOfyg/ 

- cGsefjrnfhxufjraom toHk; 

taqmifypönf;rsm;udk rnfolESifhrqdk 

rSsa0oHk;pGJjcif; a&SmifMuOfyg/ 

'kwd,tqifUESifU wwd,tqifU 

umuG,fjcif; 

- ul;pufcH&olrsm;\ pm&if;udk 

aocsmpGm od&Sdxdef;odrf;xm;NyD; vdktyf 

aom ukoapmif ha&SmufrIrsm;? aqmif&ef 

a&Smif&efrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ESpfodrfh 

aqG;aEG;ynmay;&rnf/ 

- tjcm;tonf;a&mif Adkif;&yfpf 

rsm; yl;wGJul;pufrIudk umuG,f&ef 

tonf;a&miftom;0g at? bDumuG,f 

aq;rsm; xdk;ESH&rnf/ 

- Antiviral Therapy tygt0if 

vdktyfaom aq;ukorIrsm;udk apmEdkif 

orSs apmpGm? jynfhpHkpGmjyKvkyf&rnf/ 

- emwm&Snftonf;a&m*grsm; 

0ifa&mufrvmap&ef yHkrSefapmifhMunfh 

ppfaq;rIrsm; q&m0efnTefMum;onfh 

twdkif; jyKvkyf&rnf/ 

(tonf;a&mif tom;0gatESifh 

bDa&m*grsm;taMumif;udk qufvuf 

azmfjyoGm;ygrnf) 

qufydkifvif;cefY (aq;-2)

h 

kk 

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kk 

kk 

k 

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J J 

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24 

THE VOICE WEEKLY 

24 


PERSPECTIVE 

oltrsm;\qEúd k OD;xdyfxm;jcif;ud k om"kac:xd kufaomfvnf; 

jynf vlNydef;MudKufrl0g'rsm; (Populist Policies) aemufod Y aumuf 

aumufygatmifvk dufjcif;onf 'Drd kua&pDacwfwGif tEÅ&m,frsm;aom vlNydef;BudKufrl0g'rsm; 

tavhtusifhjzpfonf/ 

'Drd 

kua&pDacwf? a&G;aumufyG 

JacwfwGif vlBudKufrsm;&efvd 

konf/ 

aZ,sol 

vlBudKufrsm;rS rJ&rnf? axmufcHrnfhol&Sdrnf? tmPm&rnf jzpfonfh 

twGuf vlBudKufrsm;&ef t"du&nf&G,fNyD; vkyfaqmifwwfvmMuonf/ 

a&;qG Jaom? ajymqd 

kaom rl0g'rsm;onf vlwd YY tusdK;&S dd r&S 

dxuf vlBudKuf 

rBudKufbufod Y Y ,drf;vmMuonf/ t*FvdyftD'D,rfjzif 

hqd 

kvQif ]play to 

the gallery} } yG JMunf 

hpifbufod 

YY tm½k 

Hpd 

kufum y&dowfBudKufatmifom 

t"duxm; vIyf&Sm;upm;jcif;/ txl;ojzif hh a&G;aumufyG JJ eD;uyfvmav 

av vlBudKufrsm;rnf hh rl0g'rsm;bufod YY ol 

Yxufig tvkt,uf wdrf;Mu 

,drf;Muwwfonf/ xd 

YaMumif 

h h ]Ek 

difiHa&;orm;onf vmrnf 

ha&G;aumufyG 

udk Munfhonf/ wdkif;jyKjynfjyKyk*¾dKvfonf vmrnfhrsKd;qufrsm;udk 

Munfhonf}[laom ynm&Sdpum;ay:xGef;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ 

jynfolYtusdK;aqmifvdkjcif;onf 'Drdkua&pDacwfwGif t&Sd 

oifhqkH; pdwfxm;jzpfaomfvnf; wvGJokH;vQif ab;jzpfum jynfol 

bmBudKufwwfovJ avhvmpk Hprf;um tBudKufvk duf ajyma[m tvkyf 

vkyfonf h vlNydef;BudKuform;rsm; (Populist) tjzpfod Y qk dufa&mufwwf 

onf/ xdkrl0g'rsm;om taumiftxnfazmfjzpfoGm;vQif EkdifiHvnf; 

txdemonf/ ,ckavmavmq,fwGif aysmfMu&TifMurnfjzpfaomfvnf; 

aemifav;ig;ESpfwGif aemifw&Murnf/ todw&m;&csdefwGif tcsdef 

aESmif;aevdrfhrnf/ 

vltrsm; oJoJvIyfMuaomfvnf; olwd Y\ pGrf;&nf? tusKd;pD;yGm; 

wdk;wufvmapjcif;r&Sdonfh rl0g'rsm;onf vlNydef;BudKufrl0g'rsm;/ 

vltrsm;udk tusKd;&Sdaprnf[laom toGifoP²mef (In the name of 

people) &S dwwfaomfvnf; tESpfom&tm;jzif h vltcsKd U? vltkyfpktcsKd Uud 

om tusKd;&Sdapwwfonfh rl0g'rsm;/ 

vlNydef;BudKuf rl0g'tcsKdUonf em;axmifaumif;aomfvnf; 

aemufuvd kufEk 

difonf 

hh aiG? vltiftm;r&S 

dojzif hh taumiftxnfrazmf 

jzpfonf h Empty Promise Avmuwd rsm;tjzpfvnf; tqk 

H;owfoGm; 

wwfonf/ ud 

k,f 

htdwfxJu ray;&bJ jynfol 

Yb@mxJu Ed 

Iufxkwfay;& 

aomaMumifh tvG,fwulay;vdkufrdvQif EkdifiHtwGuf tusKd;&Sdrnfh 

tjcm;rl0g'rsm; taumiftxnfazmf&ef tcGifhta&;qkH;½IH;oGm;rnf/ 

EkdifiHvnf; rvdktyfaom b@ma&;0efxkyf0efydk;rsm; ydonfxuf 

ydvmEkdifonf/ 

vlNydef;BudKufrl0g'rsm;onf a&&SnfcH zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;bufodkY 

oGm;Ekdifjcif;r&SdvSbJ wpf'*Fom,ma&;bufodkY OD;wnfwwfonf/ 

rl0g'jzpfajrmuf&ef yxrESpfwGif aiGaMu;axmufyhHEkdifaomfvnf; 

aemufESpf aemufESpfrsm;wGif raxmufyHhEkdifawmhbJ aumuf½dk;rD; 

jzpfwwfonf/ xdkenf;jzifh oufqdkif&me,fy,fudk zsufqD;ovdk? 

rl0g'u tusKd;aqmifvdkonfh um,uH&Sifrsm;udk taoowfovdk 

jzpfwwfonf/ 

vlNydef;BudKufrl0g' (Populist Policy) BuD;pd k;oGm;vQif wd kif;jynf 

twGuf tEÅ&m,f &S donf/ vlnDvQif þud k uRJzwfMuawmhrnf/ w'*F 

auseyf aysmf&Tiftm;&aumif; tm;&Murnf jzpfaomfvnf; aemifwGifrl 

'ku©udk cg;pnf;cHMu&vdrfhrnf/ vlNydef;BudKufEkdifiHa&;pepf tajcwnf 

oGm;vQif 'Drdkua&pDEkdifiHtoGif tjynfh&Sdaomfvnf; EdkifiHom;wkdY 

tusKd;enf;Ekdifonf/ 

vlNydef;BudKufrl0g'rsm;ud kk vk 

H;0ypfy,f&rnf rqd 

kvd 

kyg/ vlNydef;BudKuf 

rl0g'rsm;onf wd 

kif;jynftwGuf trSefwu,f tusKd;&S 

daprnf 

hh rl0g'rsm; 

jzpfvQif om;a&Ttdk;xrf;vmonfhudef; qdkufEkdifonf/ xdkYaMumifh rl0g' 

rcsrSwfrD? taumiftxnfrazmfrD pOf;pm;aphikMuzdkYvdkonf/ &nfrSef; 

xm;onf 

hvlawGud kk wu,ftusKd;&S 

daprSmvm;/ wd 

kif;jynftaeESif 

ha&m 

wwfEkdifrvm;/ a&wdktusKd;&SdrSmvm;? a&&SnfcHpm;EkdifMurvm;/ rl0g' 

tqd 

kjyKolua&m ab;u&yfMunf 

hola&m tuJjzwf&rnf 

holawGa&m tm;vk 

H; 

tm;vk H; a0zefqef;ppfMuzd 

Yvd 

konf/ evidence-based policy making 

oufaoouúm, tajccHxm;onf 

hh odyÜ 

Henf;us rl0g'azmfaqmifjcif;/ 

'Drd kua&pDod Y toGiful;ajymif;p Ek difiHrsm;wGif vlNydef;BudKufrl0g' 

acwfxvmavh&Sdwwfonfhtwdkif; jrefrmEkdifiHonfvnf; >cif;csuf 

r[kwfyg/ vltrsdK;rsdK;? tkyfpktrsdK;rsdK;u apwemtrsdK;rsdK;jzif h vlNydef;BudKuf 

rl0g'rsm;azmfaqmif&efMudK;pm;jcif;ud kxifxifjrifjrifawG Uvm&NyDjzpfonf/ 

vlNydef;BudKuf rl0g'twGuf acgif;pOfrnfodkYwyf&rnfenf; 

a0;a0;oGm;Munf h&ef rvd kyg/ jrefrmEk difiHwGif; rJrsm;rsm; ay;Ek difolrsm;ud 

pOf;pm;Munf hvQif vltkyfpkav;ig;ck csufcsif;csa&;Ek difonf/ xd kvltkyfpk 

rsm;\ emrnfwifa&; vd kufvQifaxmufjy&efBuHaomolvufwGef YEIwfwGef 

oGm;rnf/ 

vlawGtrsm;BuD; yg0ifaeonfh vltkyfpktrnfudk acgif;pOfwif 

vdkufMu½kHESifh xdkrl0g'udk ra0zef&J rqifjcif&JjzpfaeMuvQif jynfolY 

tusKd;pD;yGm;ud kk wu,fa&S;½Ionf [kwf r[kwf pOf;pm;p&m/ acgif;aqmif 

qdkonfrSm olOD;aqmif&olrsm;xuf pOf;pm;qifjcifÓPf&Sdonf[k 

xif&aomaMumifh acgif;aqmiftjzpf wifxm;jcif;jzpfonfhtwGuf 

acgif;aqmifae&ma&mufaeolrsm;u OD;aqmifOD;&GufjyKum tjyK 

oabm? ydkaumif;oGm;atmif wnfhrwfrGrf;rHaxmufjyzdkYvdkonf/ 

rl0g'wpfckaMumifh vltrsm;aysmfjcif;? raysmfjcif;onf xdkrl0g' 

CARTOON OF THE WEEK 

Vol.9 / No.28 - Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

rSefuefaMumif; tvk H;pk Hwd kif;wmEk difonf h wpfckwnf;aom aywHr[kwf 

yg/ tcsKdBudKufaom uav;i,fud k a&cJrkef YauR;vd kufvQif aysmfoGm;rnf 

jzpfaomfvnf; rMumcPpm;vQif aemif qD;csKda0'em cHpm;&Ek difonf/ 

uav;i,fudk trSefwu,fcspfaom rdbonf uav;i,fylqmwdkif; 

a&cJrkef Yud k rauR;bJ [ef Ywm;rnfjzpfovd k tm[m&jzpfrnf h vwfvwf 

qwfqwf opfoD;? EGm;EkdYudk pm;csifatmifauR;rnf/ uav;i,fu 

rodaomaMumif h id k,d katmf[pfrnfqd kvQif acsmharmhESpfodrf hrnf/ uav; 

BudKufwwfonfqd kNyD; a&cJrkef Yud kwpf&ufok H;av;Budrfvk H;0auR;rnfr[kwf/ 

txl;ojzifh EkdifiHjyefvnfxlaxmifp ,cktcsdefumvrsKd;onf 

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odrf;&rf;jcif;rjyKbJ 0dkif;0ef;pOf;pm;axmuf½IMuzdkYom vkdonf/ rl0g' 

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jrif&onfhtwGuf jrefrmhtem*wftwGuf tm;wufrdaomfvnf; 

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

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tajccHtm;jzifh vdktyfygonf/ omwlnDrQjzpfaom qufqHa&; 

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taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh iHkYcHae&onfh taetxm;rsdK; rjzpf&efvdkyg 

onf/ omwlnDrQ r[kwfaom tajctaersm;&Sdaeoa&GU bmoma&; 

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ywfoufí ]axmufcHonf? uefYuGufonf}[laom toHrsm;rSm 

awmfawmfqlnHaeygonf/ ,aeYawG U&oavmuf axmufcHoltaygif; 

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avmufatmifvnf; r[kwf/ >cif;csuf awG&Sdaeao;onf/ uefYuGuf& 

atmifvnf; vHk;vHk;rSm;aeonf[k qdkír&[kxifygonf/ EdkifiHa&; 

&IaxmifhESifh bmoma&; ½IaxmifhESpfck a&maeaom interdisciplinary 

oabmjzpfí ,if;uJhodkY 0da&m"drsm; &SdonfrSm obm0usygonf/ 

rsKd;apmif hOya'[kvlodrsm;cJ haom t&mrSm ,ckwGif (1) ]jrefrm 

Ak'¨ bmom0if trsKd;orD;rsm; xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;qkdif&mta&;ay: 

Oya'(rlMurf;)} ESifh (2) ]udk;uG,f&m bmom ESifh ywfoufaomrSwfyHk 

wifOya'(rlMurf;)}[lí ESpfrsKd;cGJjcm;ajymqdkvmygonf/ odkYjzpf&m 

axmufcHonf? uefYuGufonf pojzifh a0zefMu&mwGifvnf; oabm 

xm;tjrifwdkYu ESpfrsKd;ESpfpm; jzpfEdkifygonf/ 

þwGif axmufcHolESifh uefYuGufolwdkY t"duOD;wnf jiif;ckHae 

aomtcsufrSm eHygwf (1) jzpfaom ]jrefrmAk'¨bmom0if trsKd;orD;rsm; 

xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;qk dif&mta&;ay: Oya' (rlMurf;) }yg tcsufwd 

Yud 

rlwnfaejcif;jzpfygonf/ ,if;rlMurf;t& Ak'¨bmom0if trsdK;orD;udk 

vufxyfrnfholonf Ak'¨bmom0ifjzpf&rnf/ bmomjcm;jzpfu 

Ak'¨bmomod YY ul;ajymif;&rnf[kqd 

kygonf/ ,if; tcsufonf ,H 

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t"r®ul;ajymif;cdkif;onfh oabmoufa&mufaeygonf/ ,if;tcsuf 

udk OD;wnfí uefYuGufolrsm;u a0zeffaejcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;tajc 

taeonf Ak'¨\ vrf;pOfESif hvnf; qef 

Yusifaeonf/ ,if;tjyif bmom 

wpfckESifhwpfcktMum; ydkrdkpnf;jcm; ouJhodkY jzpfEdkifaomaMumifh 

Nidrf;csrf;pGm twl,SOfwGJaexdkifa&;udk xdcdkufEdkifonf[k axmufjy 

onf/ uefYuGufolwdkUu ,HkMunfrIo'¨gaMumifhr[kwfbJ Oya'jzifh 

tusyfudkif udk;uG,fapjcif;udk vufrcHEdkifMuay/ OD;Ekvufxuf 

Ak'¨bmomukd EdkifiHawmfbmomjy|mef;vdkufjcif;\ aemufqufwGJ 

EdkifiHa&;*,ufwkdYudk oifcef;pm,l&ef ajymonf/ ,if;tjyif zGJUpnf;yHk 

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ta&; oabmudkyg xdyg;aeonf[kvnf; qdkonf/ 

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qdkonfrSm EkdifiHBuD;rsm;\ vkdwpfrsKd; ? rvdkwpfrsKd; toHk;csaom 

t&mjzpfonf[kwefjyefqd kygonf/vuf&S d ud k,f homoemtajctaeud 

wu,frodwmvm;/ud k,h ftrsdK;?bmomuk d ud k,frS rapmif ha&SmufvQif 

rnfolu apmifha&Smufrnfenf;[k qdkonf/ 'gvnf; pOf;pm;oifhaom 

tcsuf jzpfonf[k vufcHygonf/ þ od Yjzif h axmufcHolESif h uef YuGufol 

wdkYtMum; jiif;cHkyGJrSm tudk;tum;rsm;pHkvSonf/ t&Sdefvnf; jyif; 

vSonf/ 

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Oya'qdkaom t&mudk ay:aygufapaomt"duaphaqmfrIrSm vHk;vHk; 

aysmufuG,fvsuf&Sdonf[k xifygonf/ pma&;ol ,lqcsufom 

rrSm;vQif rsKd;apmif 

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rsKd;apmifUOya'odkhcsnf;uyfMunfUjcif; 

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vGwfvyfpGm rdrdbmomudk quf vuf udk;uG,fcGifhrjyKaom udpörsm; 

omrefxufyd kaom wd 

kufqd 

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dvmaomaMumif 

hjzpfonf}}[k xifyg 

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rsm;t& cefYrSef;jcif;jzpfonf/ 

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vdkufvHcsKyfaESmif&ef BudK;yrf;jcif;rSmr&Sdoifh[k ,lqonf/ odkYaomf 

tcsKdUaom tajctaewdkYwGif vufxyfxdrf;jrm;rI\ aemufuG,fü 

vGwfvyfpGm rdrdbmomudk udk;uG,frItm; (rodromjzpfap? odod 

omomjzpfap) zdtm;ay; ajymif;cd kif;rIrsm; &S daeonfrSm omrefxufyd 

aom wd kufqd kifrI oabmjzpfonf[k rsKd;apmif h Oya'ud k tpysKd; olwd Yu 

½Ijrifygonf/ þonfvnf; jiif;&cufaomtajctaejzpfonf/ ,if; 

tajctaersKd;ud k pma&;olud k,fwk dif ud k,fawG U BuHKzl; ? jrifzl;aomfvnf; 

rD;avmif&mavyif h oufa&mufoGm;Ed kifaomaMumif h jzpfpOftao;pdwf 

udk razmfjyvdkawmhay/ 

bmomw&m;[lonf ,HkMunfrIudk tajccHaom udk;uG,frIom 

jzpfoifhonf/ todkif;t0dkif;jzifh zdtm;ay;udk;uG,fapjcif;iSm rjyKtyf 

ovdk Oya'wdkYjzifh csKyfaESmifí udk;uG,fapjcif;iSmvnf;tjyKtyfay/ 

,HkMunfrIudktajcrcHbJ Oya'jzifhtusyfudkifjcif;? todkif;t0dkif;jzifh 

zdtm;ay;jcif; paomenf;vrf;wdkYjzifh udk;uG,faprItm; rnfonhf 

bmomrS rvkyfoif hay / ,if;vkyf&yfwd Y &S daevQif tjyeftvSef ,H kMunfrI 

wnfaqmufa&;rSm rjzpfEd kifavmufatmif cufcJEd kifygonf/ ,if;vkyf&yf 

wk YonfbmomwpfckESif hwpfcktMum; at;twlyltrQ twlwlaeEd kifa&; 

vrf;aMumif;ud k zsufqD;vsuf&S donfud k owdjyKrd&efvd konf/ þtcsufrSm 

,aeYjyóemrsm;\ tajccHoabmvnf; jzpfonf/ 

wifjyyg tajctaet&yf&yfwd kUaMumifh rsKd;apmifhudpöudk tpysKd; 

olwkdUu eHygwf(2) jzpfaom ]]udk;uG,f&m bmomESifh ywfoufaom 

rSwfyH kwifOya'(rlMurf;)}} ud k zefwD;vmjcif;jzpfonf[k qd konf/ ,if; 

eHygwf(2)rlMurf; \ &nf&G,f&if;rSm bmomwpfckrS wpfckod Y ],H kMunfrI 

ud k tajcrcHaom ud k;uG,frIrsm;rjzpfap&ef} &nf&G,fvd kjcif;jzpfonf[k 

tMurf;zsif; qdkEdkifonf/ 

,HkMunfouf0ifrIaMumifh ajymif;vJudk;uG,fjcif;tay: bmrQ 

ajym&efr&S daomfvnf; tjcm;aomya,m*wd Y (tod kif;t0k dif;jzif h zdtm; 

ay;jcif;(odkY) Oya'jzifh tusyfudkifjcif;)aMumifh BudwfrSdwfudk;uG,f& 

onfrsKd; rnfonfhbmomwGifrS trSefr&Sdapcsif/ ,if;tcsufudk ,aeY 

bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm; jyefvnf pdppfapcsifonf/ rdrdbmomwGif 

,if;oabmrsm; &Sdaeyg u &yfapcsifonf/ &SdzdkYBudK;yrf;aeaomolrsm; 

udkvnf; &yfwef;u &yfapcsifonf/ ,if;oabmrsm; tawmrowf 

oa&GU ,aeY jyóemwdkY pcef;odrf;Edkif&efrvG,f[k xifygonf/ 

tqd kyg jyóemESif hywfoufí pma&;oltjrift& wifjy&aomf 

axmufcHolrsm;onf bmoma&;½Iaxmifhudkydk tom;ay;í EdkifiHa&; 

qdkif&m aemufqufwGJ *,ufrsm;udk cyfayghaygh pOf;pm;onfY tae 

ay:vif;OD; 

25 


VOICE 

txm;&S donf/uef YuGufolrsm;um; bmom? omoem\,d kaygufwd Yud 

cyfyg;yg; pOf;pm;um aemufqufwGJ *,ufwdkYudkaZmif;ay;pOf;pm;Mu 

onf [kqdkEdkifonf/ þwGif wpfqufwnf; qdkcsifonfrSm ,if;Oya' 

Murf;udk &mEIef;jynfhaxmufcHjcif;jzifh bmomwpfckESifh wpfcktMum; 

yd krd kpnf;jcm;ouJ hod Yjzpfum Ek difiHa&;*,ufwd kyd kjzpfvmEd kifonf qd k aom 

tjrifudkvufcHovdk ,if;udpöudk vHk;vHk;ypfy,fvdkufjcif;onfvnf; 

,aeYjyóemudk ajz&Sif;&mra&mufbJ jyóemtm;yHkajymif;jcif; 

oabmom oufa&mufonf[k ,lqyg onf/ od Yjzpf&m ,ckjyóem\ 

tajzrSm tjynfht0 axmufcHjcif;r[kwfEdkifovdk vHk;vHk;ypfy,fjcif; 

vnf; r[kwfEdkif[kxifygonf/ 

wifjycJ Yygtajctaet&yf&yft& pma&;ol\tjrifud 

kk vd 

kwd 

k&Sif; 

qdk&aomf eHygwf(1) jzpfaom jrefrmAk'¨bmom0if trsdK;orD;rsm; 

xdrf;jrm;vufxyfjcif;qkdif&m ta&;ay: Oya' (rlMurf;) udk uefYuGuf 

ygonf/eHygwf (2) jzpfaom udk;uG,f&mbmomESifh ywfoufaom 

rSwfyHkwifOya' Oya'(rlMurf;)udk jznfhpGufcsuf ? jyifqifcsufwdkYjzifh 

axmufcHygonf/ 

,if;jyifqifcsufrSm../ pma&;oltjrift& eHygwf (2) Oya'Murf; 

rSm Ak'¨bmom wpfckwnf;udk udk,fpm;jyKaom oabmr[kwfbJ 

udk;uG,frItm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyK aom oabmoufa&mufonf[k 

em;vnfygonf/ xkdaMumifh udk;uG,frItm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKaom 

aMumifY ,if;taeESifh Oya'Murf;jzpfajrmufa&;wGif tjcm;aom 

bmomrsm;tm;vnf; zdwfac: n§dEdIif;oifhygonf/ ,if;\OD;wnf 

csufrSmvnf; ]],HkMunfrIudktajcrcHaom udk;uG,frI rjzpfa&; }} om 

jzpfoifhygonf/ Oya'tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? todkif;t0dkif;tm;jzifh 

vnf;aumif; zdtm;ay;rIrsm;aMumifh udk;uG,frIrsKd;rjzpfap&efudkom 

OD;wnfoifhygonf/ tqdkyg &nf&G,fcsufrSm bmomtm;vHk;\ tusKd; 

pD;yGm;jzpfí tm;vHk;uvnf; vufcHEdkifrnfxifygonf/ þodkYjzifh 

rsKd;apmifh Oya'udpöudk tpysKd;olwdkY\ pdk;&drfrIudk &mcdkifEIef;wpfcktxd 

umuG,fEdkifonfvnf;jzpfonf/ 

tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&aomf bmom? omoemtm; ta&;ay: 

umuG,fapmif 

ha&Smuf&ef vd 

konfud kk Ak'¨bmom0ifwk 

dif;u oabmwlyg 

onf/ ,aeY bmoma&; ? omoema&;wGifvnf; ta,mifaqmifrsm;? 

vkyfpm;olrsm;jzifh [kdwpfrsKd; ? onfwpfrsKd; tayguftNyJaygif; ajrmuf 

jrm;pGm &S 

donfud 

kvnf; vufcHygonf/ od 

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hOya'[lonf 

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tao;av;wpfckudk zmjcif;omjzpfonf/ onfwpfaygufudk ydwfEkdif 

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26 


rmzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif azmfjyxm;csuftwkdif; EkdifiH\ 

jref pD;yGm;a&;ykHoP²mefonf aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;[k zGif hqk djcif;? 

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jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfNyD;onf haemufyk dif;,cifaps;uGuf pD;yGm;a&;yk HoP²mefrrSef 

cJ hrIaMumif hjzpfay:vmaom jyóemaygif;aomif; ajcmufaxmifru 

BuKHawG Uae&onf h tcuftcJuk d ,ckEk difiHom;tm;vk H; ESih f Ek difiHwumuyg 

vSrf;jrifawGUae&NyDjzpfonf/ 

aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;ü ,if;ukdwkdif;&ef vufwHrsm;&SdMuojzifh 

xk 

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dif;vk 

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HazmfrIrsm;rS tH0ifcGifus 

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tifpwD;usL;&Sif;qkdif&m rwnfNidrfjcif;yifjzpfonf/ tifpwDusL;&Sif; 

qkdif&mwm0efrsm;rSm txl;ojzifh tpkd;&opftaumiftxnfazmf 

aqmifcJhaom pD;yGm;a&;ay:vpDrsm;wGif ueOD;t"dutcsufjzpf 

onfhyk*¾vdu ykdifqkdifrItcGifhta&; (Property Right) aysmufqkH;jcif; 

yif jzpfonf/ yk*¾vduykdifqdkifrI tcGifhta&;jyóemqkdonfrSm ,cif 

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difqk 

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,if;ukdxdef;ausmif;&ef avmufavmufvm;vm; tm;xm;&aom 

tifpwDusL;rsm; r&Sdjcif;ukdyif aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepf\ yxrqkH;v 

ufwHaysmufqkH;aeaMumif;jzifh zGifhqkd&rnfjzpfonf/ 

aysmufqkH;oGm;onfU yk*¾vduykdifqkdifrI 

yk*¾vduyk difqk difrItcGif hta&; (Property Right) onf aps;uGuf 

pD;yGm;a&;vnfywf&ef yxrOD;qk H;ta&;BuD;aom aps;uGuf\tESpfom& 

yifjzpfonf/ yk*¾vduykdifqkdifrItcGifhta&;qkdonfrSm rnfolwpfOD; 

wpfa,mufjzpfap rdrd\or®mtmZD0usaom pD;yGm;a&;&SmazGvkyfukdif 

jcif;rS tusKd;tjrwfxGufvmaom 0ifaiGjzifh rdrdvkdtyf&m? ESpfouf 

&m0,f,l odrf;qnf;yk difcGif hjzpfonf/ xk dok Y0,f,l&mwGif ajr? taqmuf 

ttHk? tokH;taqmif? tkd;tdrfwkdufwm ponfjzihf "eOpömtm;vkH; 

tusKH;0ifonf/ xdktcGifhta&;ukd rnfolrQ rnfonfhOya'jzifh 

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xk dyk*¾vduyk difqk difrItcGif hta&;onf t&if;&SifpD;yGm;a&;pepf? vpfb&,f 

EkdifiHa&;pepfwGif uRJul;a&yg jzpfpOfjzpfonf/ 

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jrpfzsm;cHvmjcif;jzpfonf[k aumufcsufcs&rnfjzpfonf/ 

jrefrmEd kifiH yk*¾vduyk 

difaysmufqk 

H;jcif;rSm 1962 ckESpf? Ak 

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tm;vk H; jynfolyk 

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jynfolyk 

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rcsefcJ honfud 

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hok YY jynfolyk 

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difiHom;rsm;tajctaerSm Ek 

difiHwGif;rSmaeNyD; rnfonf 

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pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;yk HoP²mef (Economic Structure) ysuf,Gif;cJhonfukd 

awG U&onf/ v,f,majruk d jynfolyk difodrf;onf h yk HoP²mefrawG U&S dcJ hay/ 

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wGif awGU cJh&onf/ 

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tpkd;&vufxufu zdodyfxm;cJhonfh v,f,majrodrf;qnf;jcif; 

okdYr[kwf pkdufysKd;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;taMumif;jycJhaom (Oyrm-a&euf 

uGif; pDrHudef;? pufrIZkefpDrHudef; rsm;)aMumif 

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ay:xGufvmaom xGefwkH;wkdufyGJrsm;ESifh v,f,majryk*¾vdu 

ykdifqkdifcGifh tcGifhta&;rsm;tay:wGiftajccHonfh o,HZmw&if;jrpf 

pD;yGm;a&;ykHoP²mef ( Land Structure or Resources Structure) 

aysmufqHk;aeonfU 

yk*¾vduydkifqkdifrI? 

ajr,mtusyftwnf;ESifU 

qdk;oGrf;rIoHo&m 

oef;pdk; (abm*aA') 

aysmufqkH;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;rSmyk*¾vdu ykdifqkdifrItcGifhta&; 

aysmufqkH;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ Oyrm-vGefcJ 

haomESpfu {&m0wDwk 

dif;twGif; 

tif;avvH&xm;ol tif;olBuD;? ¤if;\taygif;tygrsm;ESifh jynfolY 

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tif;teD; ig;&SmcGifhESifhywfoufNyD; tcsif;rsm;MuNyD; &Gmom;wpfOD; 

aoqkH;&jcif;rSm Resources Structure aysmufqkH;jcif; oYkdr[kwf 

zsufqD;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ 

xkduJ hok Y oabmw&m;rsm;onf ,ciftpk d;&acwfu v,f,majr 

pD;yGm;a&;jr§if hwifjcif;uk d uk d,fpm;jyKaom Property Right onf trSef 

wu,fwGif v,form;rsm; yk difqk difonf h ajr,mrsm;uk d yk*¾vduyd kifjyKvkyf 

vkdufonfh ykHoP²mefESifhtoGifwlaeonf/ xkdaMumifh tpkd;&tquf 

qufwGif ¤if;ESif heD;pyfolrsm;onf jynfolvlxkxHrS pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; 

yk HoP²mef (Economic Structure) ESif h v,f,majr&if;jrpfrsm; (Land 

Structure) tay:wGif pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;jyNyD; 

yk*¾vduyk difqk difrItcGif hta&;uk d zsufqD;um ESpfoD;pm;vmMuolrsm;jzpf 

onfukd uGufuGufuGif;uGif; tajzxGufvmonf/ 

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v,f,majr azmfxkwfjcif;taMumif;jycsufrsm;aMumifh trSefwu,f 

vufvGwfqk H;½I H;oGm;&olrsm;u awmifolv,form;atmufajctqif 

v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;jyKolrsm;om jzpfae 

onfukd ,ckawGU&NyDjzpfonf/ 

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ajz&Sif;&ef vk dtyfvmjcif;rSm wyfodrf;ajrrsm;? 0efBuD;Xmeodrf;ajrrsm;? 

c½kdeDwdkY odrf;ajrrsm;udk tylwjyif;ajz&Sif;&jcif;rS jrpfzsm;cHvmjcif; 

jzpfonf/ ,ckrS Mum;od&aom v,f,majrodrf;qnf;rI t½IyftaxG; 

rsm;onf aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;yk HoP²meft& ajym&vSsif yk*¾vduyk difqk difrI 

aysmufqkH;oGm;jcif; okdYr[kwf yk*¾vduykdifqkdifrItwGuftmrcHcsuf 

r&Sdawmhjcif;yifjzpfonf/ 

v,f,majrxGefwkH;wkdfufyGJrsm; 

,ckrD'D,mrsm;wGif cyfpdyfpdyfawU 

Gae&aom v,f,majrykdifqkdifcGifh 

xGefwkH;wkdufyGJrsm;rSm yk*¾vduykdifqkdifrI (Property Right) \ ykH&dyf 

rsm;jzpfonf/ rD'D,mazmfjycsufrsm;t& xkwfazmf&vQif(1) rtlyifNrKd 

Ue,f 

rvufwk daus;&Gm v,f,majr jzpfpOf ? (2) yJclwk 

dif; a'oBuD; ewfwvif; 

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awmifilNrdKUe,f r[ifaus;&Gmtkyfpk anmifajcaxmufukef;&S 

dd v,f,majr 

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awmifolrsm;u qEázmfxkwfyG 

J? (4) ykodrfNrKd 

UwGif qE´xkwfazmfcJ 

haom 

odrf;qnf;ajrv,f{u wpfaomif;ausmftwGuf vyGwåm? iykawm? 

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UrS awmifolv,form;rsm; qE´xkwfazmfrI? (5) 

Munh 

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awmifolrsm;ESih ff jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; OD;yk 

diftjiif;yGm;rI? (6) vufyHawmif; 

awmifpDrHudef;twGuf odrf;qnf;cH v,f{u 5000 ausmfESifh 

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tifMuif;ukef; ESif hh uHbJ 

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azmfjyxm;csuft&vnf; v,f,majrESifh tjcm;ajrrsm;odrf;qnf; 

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ajr,mESifh ywfoufonfh tpD&ifcHpmtykdif;jzpfNyD; tykdif; (2) rSm NrKdUjy 

rsm;wk d;csJ Uwnfaqmufa&;ESif h pufrIZkefrsm;wk d;csJ U jcif;aMumif h odrf;qnf; 

cH&aom ajr,mrsm;ESifhywfoufonfh tpD&ifcHpmtykdif;[lí ESpfykdif; 

&SdcJhonf/ 

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htwl jynfaxmifpk 

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trwfrif;rsm;0ifa&muf aqG;aEG;MuonfrSm Zlvk 

dif 27 &ufaeY rSwfwrf; 

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a&; umvtwGif;rvkdvm;tyfonfh jyóemrsm;ukd EId;qGaeouJhokdY 

jzpfaeonfrSm oufqk dif&mtmPmyk difrsm; jzpfonf [ktajzxGufvm 

jyefonf/ oufqkdif&mtmPmykdifqkdonfrSm tpkd;&\ay:vpDrsm;ukd 

taumiftxnfazmfae&olrsm;jzpfonf/ xkYdaMumifh tpkd;&wGif 

wm0ef&Sdvmonf/ tpkd;&u xkdwm0efvpf[if;rIudk Oya'? enf;Oya' 

xkwfjyefNyD; wif;wif;usyfusyfukdifwG,f&rnf/ 

xkdtcg Oya'jyKa&;tcef;u@ bufukdul;vmNyDjzpfonf/ 

Oya'jyKvk 

dufNyDqk 

d½k 

Hjzif hh xk 

dOya'tm;vk 

dufemjcif;&S 

dr&S 

dESif hh azmufzsufol 

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pepfwGif ajr,mESifh ywfoufonfhtrItcif;rsm;onf ysrf;rQtm;jzifh 

10 ESpfcefYMumjrifhwwfojzifh urÇmay:wGif t&SnfMumqkH; w&m;rrI 

pHcsdefwifxm;aomEkdifiHjzpfonf/ þokdYjzifhEkdifiH\ v,f,majryk*¾vd 

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jzpfay:Ek difojzih 

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dawmhonf/ 

oef;pdk; (abm*aA')

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

ausmfouftrsKd;orD;i,fav; rmvmvm (Malala Yousafzai) 

q,f &J U 16 ESpfjynh farG;aeYyG Jtxdrf;trSwfud k Zlvd kifv 12 &uf aeYu 

ukvor*¾rSm usif;yoGm;ygw,f/ rmvmvm&J UarG;aeYyG Jud k BBCeJ Y CNN 

tygt0if ½kyfoHXmeawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u wd kuf½d kufxkwfvTih foGm;ygw,f/ 

rmvmvmqd kwmu ygupöwefvlrsKd; q,fausmfouf ausmif;ol 

av;yg/ NyD;cJhwJh atmufwdkbmvwkef;u wmvDbefawGypfcwfwJh 

usnfqefawG OD;acgif;eJ Y vnfyif;ud kxdrSefvd Y NAdwdefEd kifiHu ukoay;cJ hwJ 

vlYtcGihfta&;? trsKd;orD;tcGihfta&;? uav;oli,ftcGihfta&; 

wdkufyGJ0ifol ol&Jaumif;rav;jzpfygw,f/ ukvor*¾rSmusif;ywJh 

olr&JU arG;aeYyGJtcrf;tem;rSm ukvor*¾twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf? NAdwdef 

0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;wd YeJ Ytwl y&dowfajrmufjrm;pGm wufa&muf*kPfjyK 

cJ hwm awG U&ygw,f/ Zlvd kifv 12 &ufaeYud kvnf; rmvmvmaeYvd YowfrSwf 

vdkufygw,f/ 

tJ'DyGJrSm tpövefbmom0if ygupöwefolav; rmvmvmu 

ajymifajrmufvSywJ h &J&ih fjywfom;wJ h pum;vk H;rsm;eJ Y em;axmifaeol 

taygif;&JU ESvkH;om;awGudk qGJcgvIyf&rf;cJhygw,f/ uav;oli,fawG 

tcGihfta&;? trsKd;orD;tcGihfta&;wdkYtwGuf tm;oGefcGefpdkuf 

vkyfaqmifzdkY ukvor*¾eJY tpdk;&rsm;udk wdkufwGef;oGm;ygw,f/ trsKd; 

orD;awGudk rdrdwdkYtwGif;oP²mefrSm&SdaewJh cGeftm;awGtpGrf;eJY rdrd 

wdkY&JU tcGihfta&;awGudk&&Sdatmif BuKd;yrf;MuzdkY ajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ 

txl;jcm;qkH;uawmh olYudkaoewfeJYypfcJhwJh wmvDbefawG 

tay:xm;wJh olr&JUoabmxm;ygyJ/ wmvDbefawGtay: vkH;0 

tmCmwr&SdbJ tMurf;zuf0g'udkom pufqkyf&GH&SmwJhtaMumif;? Ak'¨ 

bk&m;&Sif? tmvm&SifjrwfeJY c&pfawmfwdkYu arwåmu½kPmw&m;xm; 

MuzdkYom a[mMum;cJhMuwmjzpfaMumif;? tMurf;zuf0g'[m 

b,fbmomw&m;urS vufcHEd 

kifwJ 

hh 0g'r[kwfaMumif; tav;teuf 

ajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ uav;i,fawG? trsKd;orD;awGtm;vk 

H;&J 

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ta&;awGvd 

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awG&JU tcGihfta&;awGvnf; yg0ifaMumif; ajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ 

bmomw&m;rsm;eJ YtnD vlwd kif;ud kcspfyg/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmeJ Yaexd kifyg? 

( Be peaceful. Love everyone. ) vd Y tav;teufajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ 

t½G,feJ Y b,fvd krSrvd kufzufatmif &ih fusufjrih frm;wJ h pdwf"mwfeJ Y tod 

w&m;ud k txif;om;jrifawG U&NyD; Mum;&jrif&oltaygif;u rcsD;rGrf;bJ 

aevdkYr&avmufatmif jzpfcJh&ygw,f/ 

wu,fawmh bmomw&m;awGqdkwmu vlawG&JU todw&m; 

awG tqihftwef; jrihfrm;atmif? udk,fusihfw&m;awG aumif;rGef 

jrihfjrwfNyD; vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm; vSyom,mNidrf;csrf;atmif a&SUaqmif 

vrf;jyMuwmcsnf;ygyJ/ bmomw&m;rsm;&JU tESpfom&rsm;udk usus 

ee &,lvd kufemusih fBuHMur,h ftpm; ud k,fvd k&mqG J,l ud k,h ftmabmfawG 

jznhfpGufMu? bmomw&m;rsm;ud k tvG Jok H;pm;vkyfMuwJ htcgrSm vl Yabmif 

tzG Utpnf;rsm;&J U Nidrf;csrf;rI?wd k;wufom,m0ajymrIawG xdcd kufysufpD; 

&wwfygw,f/ vlvlcsif; tMurf;zufMu? wpfOD;eJ Ywpfa,muf owfMu 

jzwfMu? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ud k NzKdzsufMu? olwpfyg;tcGih fta&;awG qk H;½I H;apzd 

tm;xkwfBuKd;yrf;Mu&,fvd Y qk H;roGefoifwJ h bmomw&m;qd kwm r&S dyg 

bl;/ tMurf;zuf0g'DawGu bmomw&m;tumtuG,f,lNyD; tMurf;zuf 

0g'udk ysHUESHYatmif BuKd;pm;MuwJhtcgrsm;rSm bmomw&m;rsm;&JU *kPf? 

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tMurf;zufwmxuf ud k;uG,f,k HMunfrI rwlnDolawGMum;rSm tMurf; 

zufwJhtcg ydkqdk;ygw,f/ 

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CARTOON OF THE WEEK 

bmoma&;? 

Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifU 

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vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm; wdk;wufzGHU NzKd;rIudk xdcdkufysufpD;apygw,f/ 

Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk xdcdkufysufpD;apygw,f/ uRefawmfqdk&if i,fb0 

wkef;u {&m0wDwdkif;a'oBuD;&JU NrdKUi,fav;wpfNrKdUrSm aexdkifBuD;jyif; 

cJhygw,f/ i,foli,fcsif;awGxJrSm tpövmrfbmom0ifawG trsm;BuD;yg/ 

bmoma&;tajccHwJ h jyóemawG ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm 

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YNrKd Uav;u i,foli,fcsif; 

awGqD zkef;qufygw,f/ ]]rif;wd 

Yaumif;aumif;aeMuaemf? jyóemrjzpf 

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bmoma&;ema&;eJYywfoufNyD; bmyJvkyfvkyf tm;wufoa&m 

ulnDavh&Sdygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY Ak'¨bmom0ifawGuvnf; tpövmrf 

bmom0if tokbutp vd 

kufyd 

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b,fawmhrSygrSm r[kwfygbl;/ 

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rvm&if bkef;BuD;u ud k&ifwpfyg;yg; ausmif;om;wpfa,mufa,muf 

vTwfNyD; ac:ygw,f/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;wpfydkif;jzpfaeNyD; o'´gwdkY 

27 


VOICE 

oN*ØK[fwdkY nufnufauscJhygw,f/ 

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csrf;csrf; aecJh xdkifcJh&ygw,f/ ckxdvnf; at;csrf;wJhNrKdUav;ygyJ/ 

t"duçu udk,fudk;uG,f,kHMunf&m bmomw&m;toD;oD;&JU 

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MuzdkY nTefMum;csufr&SdwJhtwGuf tMurf;zufw,fqdkwm tMurf;zuf 

0g'omjzpfNyD;awmh bmomw&m;eJY vm;vm;rSroufqdkifbl;qdkwm 

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b,fbmom0ifrS tMurf;rzufygbl;/ tMurf;zufw,fqdk&if rdrd 

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28 


tar&duefEdkifiHa&;pepf 

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

ausmufrsuf&Sd&modkh ta0;ajy;vrf;aqmufjcif;(o,HZmwusdefpm) 

aZmfatmif 

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S f f awmfwdkYi,fpOfumv pufrIwuúodkvfwufpOf ausmif;om;wdkif; roif 

rae&oifMum;&aom tif*sifeD,mynm&yfrSm vrf;? wHwm; aqmufjcif; 

jzpfonf/ CE 301 [kac: NyD; NrdKU jytif*sifeD,mq&mOD;0if;armifu oifay;onf/ 

xd kpOfumv vGefcJ haom tESpf 30 

wGif jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ta0;ajy;vrf;r 

r&Sdao;aomfvnf; oifMum;onfh 

bmom&yfrSm tif*sifeD,mwdkif;twGuf 

pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;vSygonf/ ,ck 

ESpf 30 tMum jrefrmEdkifiHwGif &efukefrEåav;uDvdkrDwm 

600 ta0;ajy; 

vrf;rBuD;wpfckay:aygufvmcJhonf/ 

ta0;ajy;vrf;rBuD;udk csD;usL;ol r&Sd 

oavmuf ... um;arSmufrIrsm;pGmaMumif 

a&mif;csjcif;jzifh uefa':vmoef;aygif; 

2000 ausmf &&S djcif;twGuf tvGeftm;& 

zG,fjzpfonf/ jrefrmEd kifiHonf o,HZmw 

rsm;a&mif;NyD; 0ifaiGrsm;pGm&&Sd&mwGif 

o,HZmwxGufaom a'orsm;twGuf 

bmwpfckrS rSwfrSwf&& vkyfray;cJhay/ 

wpfESpfud ka':vmESpfbDvQHavmuf 

0ifaiG&&Sdonfh ausmufrsuf&wemrsm; 

b,fu&ygovJqd kvQif ucsifjynfe,frS 

ausmufpdrf;? NrdwfuGsef;pkrsm;rS ykvJwdkY 

vrf;rBuD; wnfaqmufolrsm;udk wpf0ufpD yg0ifaeygonf/ ,ckESpf 

tjypfwifcsifaeMuonf/ uGsefawmfonf ausmufrsufa&mif;csaiGwGif ausmuf 

vrf;wHwm; tif*sifeD,mtzGJUudk pdrf;wGJrsm;a&mif;csaiG wpfbDvQH 

av;pm;ygonf/ aqmufrdefYay;NyD; a':vmausmf? ykvJwGJrsm; a&mif;csaiG 

NyD;atmifaqmufcJhaom tpdk;&a[mif; wpfbDvsHausmf yg0ifaeonf/ rdk;ukwf? 

vlBuD;rsm;udkvnf; av;pm;onf/ rd kif;½SL; ausmufrsufrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ 

,cifu uwå&mrcif;Edkifaomfvnf; jrefrmEd kifiHwGif o,HZmwrsm;pGm vQyfppf 

,cktcg uwå&mcif;NyD; uGefu&pfvrf; rStp? aMu;eD? eDu,f? a&T? aiG? tNzdKufeuf? 

rsm;jzpfvmjcif;twGuf rqdk;vS[k oHjzL ..pojzif rsm;jym;pGm&S dygonf/ a&eH 

rSwfcsufcsvdkonf/ 

obm0"mwfaiG Ursm;vnf; wpfzufowf 

wdkif;jynfwGif 12 xyf wdkuf pmcsKyfrsm; tcsdKUpmcsKyfrsm;rSm ESpf 30? ESpf 

wpfvHk;? uGef'dkwpfckudk wpfESpftwGif; 60 pojzifh EdkifiHawmf0ifaiG epfemae 

tNyD;aqmufEd kifygonf/ a&Smhyif;pifwm? onfrSm 0rf;enf;p&mjzpfonf/ ,ck 

Business Office ½Hk;tqmufttHkBuD; tpd k;&opfonf Consultant ukrÜPDBuD; 

wpfckudkvnf; wpfESpftwGif; tNyD; rsm;udk iSm;&rf;? wdkifyifaomaMumifh 

aqmufEd kifygonf/ vQyfppfr&S dvQifvnf; w&m;rQw aom pmcsKyfrsm;tjzpf wpfck? 

rdrdvQyfppf"mwftm;ay;puf oH k;ygonf/ ESpfck &&S dvmonfud awG Y&ygonf/ Oyrm 

aemufwpfqifh puf½Hk (Oyrm..armfawmf aMu;eDpDrHudef;../ 

um;puf½Hk) wpfck aqmufrnfqdkygu xdk ausmufpdrf;xkwfvkyfaom 

taqmufttHktcGHudk wpfESpftwGif; ucsifjynfe,fESifh ykvJxkwfvkyfaom 

aqmufEdkifaomfvnf; twGif;rS jrwfuGsef;pk&Sd&m weoFm&Dwdkif;twGuf 

pufypönf;rsm;udk 0,f,l? wyfqif? [d kufa0; (ta0;ajy;vrf;r) bmaMumif 

prf;oyf vnfywfzdkYoHk;ESpfcefY Mumrnf raqmufEdkifao;oenf; qdkonfudk 

jzpfonf/ ukefusp&dwfvnf; taqmuf pOf;pm;aerdygonf/ awmfawmfcufcJ 

ttHkxufig;qrQ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESH&awmh aeonfrSm aocsmygonf/ aiGaMu;cufcJ 

rnf/ 

ovm;? e,fajrNidrf;csrf;rI cufcJaeo 

Infrastructure [kac:aom vm;? xdka'orsm; zGHU NzdK;a&;udk *½kpdkuf 

vQyfppf? vrf;? wHwm;? a&umwmBuD;rsm;? p&mrvdk[k owfrSwfxm;ovm;.. vm; 

avqdyf? uGefwdefem oabFmqdyfBuD;rsm; aygif;rsm;pGmjzifh pOf;pm;rdonf/ 

aqmufvkyfawmhrnfqdkvQif pD;yGm;a&; aiGaMu;/ b,favmufukef 

ukrÜPDBuD;rsm;u pdwfr0ifpm;awmhyg/ oenf;/ .. uefa':vmoef; 200 ausmf 

aqmufvkyf&onfrSmig;ESpfrS q,fESpfxd tukefuscHNyD; ta0;ajy;vrf;ESpfck .. 

MumwwfNyD; t&if;jyef&zdkY ESpf20? ESpf 30 a&Tbdk-jrpfBuD;em;? armfvNrdKif-a&; 

MumaomaMumifh pD;yGm;a&;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESH &Edkifygonf/ jzpfEdkifovm;[laom 

olrsm;u a0;a0;a&SmifMuonf/ xd YaMumifh ar;cGef;udk qef;ppfMunfhygrnf../ 

tpdk;&uyJ &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHaiG &SmazG 

vkyfudkif&ygonf/ tpdk;&u &if;ESD;aiG 

vrf;wHwm;aqmufvkyfjcif; 

&Smr&Edkifaomtcg EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESH EdkifiHwumwGif o,HZmwxGuf 

olrsm;? jynfwGif; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolrsm;\ ygu xd ka'otwGuf vrf;yef;qufoG,f 

bDtd kwD B.O.T system qd konf tcGefrJ h? a&;udk OD;pGmazmufvkyfay;&onf/ 

BudKufovdkaumuf ....onfhukrÜPDBuD; odkYrSom o,HZmwo,f,lydkYaqmifa&; 

rsm;ud cGif hay;NyD; aqmufvkyfap&ygonf/ vkyfief;vsifjref? aiGukefoufomrnf 

jzpfonf/ a&&SnftwGuf OD;pm;ay; 

ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;rS0ifaiG vkyfudkif&aomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHwGif 

,ck E p ZG e vu jref rmh vrf;wHwm;? vkyfief;twGuf &if;ES D;jr§KyfES 

ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;udk avvHypf zdkY aiGr&Sd/ or®wOD;odef;pdef tar&dum; 

c&D;pOfwGif &efukef-rEåav; 'kwd, 

tjrefvrf; azmufvkyfay;yg&ef awmif; 

qdkcJhonf[k qdkonf/ ,ckacwf tpdk;& 

acgif;aqmifrsm;u vrf;yef;qufoG,f 

a&;? w,fvDzkef;? EdkifiHjcm; ydkukef? 

oGif;ukefta&;BuD;aMumif;udk od&SdNyD; 

xdkvkyfief;rsm;wGif jcpm;rIenf;yg;&ef 

vkyfaqmif vsuf&Sdonfudk awGU&onf/ 

jAdwdoQ (t*Fvdyf) rsm; jrefrm 

jynfudk pwiftkyfcsKyfonfESifh yxrqHk; 

tvkyfrSm vrf;wHwm;udk tjrefqHk;wnf 

aqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkpOfu rD;&xm; 

vrf;onf aqmufvkyfp&dwfenf;NyD; 

tvGefxda&mufaomaMumif h &xm;vrf; 

rsm;pGm wpf[kefxd k;ay:vm&onf/ atmuf 

jrefrmjynf weoFm&Dwdkif;rSucsif 

jynfe,ftxd &xm;vrf;uGef&ufBuD; 

wpfck jzpfay:vmNyD; tkyfcsKyfa&;? 

pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? ynma&; tm;vHk;udk 

tm&Sxdyfwef;EdkifiHtjzpf t*FvdyfwdkYu 

wnfaqmufcJhonf/ ,ckacwfwGif 

ukefum;BuD;rsm; aps;oufomvmojzif h 

ta0;ajy;vrf;r ta&;ygvmonf/ 

ta0;ajy;vrf;r aqmufvkyfjcif;twGuf 

ukefusp&dwfudk avhvmMunfhaomtcg 

jrefrmEdkifiH &efukef-rEåav; ta0;ajy; 

tjrefvrf;rsdK; (w½kwfjynfpwdkif) 

aqmufvkyfjcif;onf p&dwftvGefouf 

om? jrefqefonfudk awGU&onf/ 

vuf&S d &efukef-rEåav; ta0;ajy; 

tjrefvrf;rBuD; uDvdkrDwm 600 cefY 

aqmufvkyf&mwGif rnfrQukefusoGm; 

oenf;udk uGsefawmfwdkY odEdkifawmh 

rnfr[kwfyg/ odp&mvnf;rvdkawmhyg/ 

NyD;wmvnf; NyD;ygap/ vuf&S d vrf;wHwm; 

tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;tzdkY xdkvrf;rBuD; 

b,favmufukefusoGm;oenf;udk 

tvG,fwul wGufcsufEd kifonf/ atmuf 

azmfjyygpmwrf;t&qdkvQif uDvdkrDwm 

500 twGuf uefa':vmoef; 300 xuf 

ydkrukefEdkif[k cefYrSef;&onf/ 

uREfkyfonf vrf;wHwm; tif*sif 

eD,mr[kwf? vQyfppftif*sifeD,m jzpf 

aomfvnf; vrf;wHwm;ynmudk tenf; 

tusOf; avhvmEdkifygonf/ pmawGY 

jzpfaomaMumifh vufawGYorm;rsm; 

avmuf rrSefuefEdkifyg/ uae'gEdkifiH 

tpdk;& Highway Engineering 

Department rS vrf;wHwm;aqmufvkyf 

jcif; pmwrf;wpfckudk avhvmMunfhyg 

onf/ (w½kwfEd kifiHrSvrf;wHwm;ynm&yf 

rsm;ud k jrefrmtif*sifeD,mrsm; aumif;pGm 

vufawG U&&S dxm;NyD;jzpfonf)/ xd kpmwrf; 

t& 'DZk dif;? a&ajrmif;? vrf;? wHwm;p&dwf 

tm;vHk;aygif;vQif 12 rDwm ta0;ajy; 

um;vrf; wpfuDvdkrDwm ukefusaiGrSm 

a':vmig;odef;cGJcefY[k cefYrSef;xm; 

ygonf/ 

jrefrmtpdk;&u aemufxyf 

&ef u k e f -rEå av;vrf ;wpf c k u d k 

tar&dueftpdk;&tm; aqmufay;&ef 

csOf;uyfonf/ vuf&Sdav;pD; (toGm; 

ESpfpD;? tjyefESpfpD;) ta0;ajy;vrf;ud k&Spf 

pD;tjzpf wdk;csJU&ef vkyfaqmifaeonf[k 

qdkonf/ vuf&Sdvrf;rSm aemufig;ESpf 

txd vrf;usyfzG,fr&Sdyg/ ykodrf-&efukef? 

&efukef-yJcl;? &efukef-armfvNrdKif? rHk&GmrEåav;ponf 

hvrf;rsm;onf tvGefusyf 

aeygonf/ vrftrsm;pkwGif um;wpfpD; 

omoGm;Edkifonfh uwå&mvrf;jzpfNyD; 

um;ESpfpD;yGwfumoDum a&Smifwdrf;& 

ygonf/ xdkYaMumifhESpfvrf;? ta0;ajy; 

tqifhodkY jr§ifhwif&ef Highway 

Engineering XmeBuD;wpfckudk wnf 

axmif&OD;rnf jzpfonf/ xdkpmwrf;rSm 

road.cost.estimates.pdf (28 pages) 

udk vlwdkif; tvG,fwul avhvmEdkif 

ygonf/ 

ausmufrsuf&wemxGuf&ma'oodkY 

ta0;ajy;vrf; 

&efukef-rEåav; ta0;ajy;tjref 

vrf;rrsdK; taemufEdkifiHtqifh aqmuf 

rnfqdkygu wpfuDvdkrDwmvQif ysrf;rQ 

a':vmig;odef;cefYukefrnfjzpfonf/ 

ydkNyD;aumif;atmifvkyfygu tvGefqHk; 

wpfuDvdkrDwm a':vmwpfoef;EIef;rQ 

ukefusrnf/ wHwm;aqmufvkyfjcif; 

rsm;onf ukefusp&dwf ydkBuD;ygonf/ 

wHwm; rsm;rsm; yg0ifvQif p&dwf 

ydkukefusrnfjzpfonf/ xdkpmwrf;udk 

omref vrf;wHwm; tif*sifeD,mwpfOD; 

u avhvmEdkifygonf/ a&Tbdk-jrpfBuD;em; 

(uDvdkrDwm-200)? armfvNrdKif-a&; 

(uDvdkrDwm-200) ta0;ajy;vrf; 

aumif;wpfckpD b,favmufukefrnfudk 

wGufcsufEdkifygonf/ jynfwGif;? vrf; 

wHwm; ynm&Sifrsm;udk bwf*sufcs 

ay;ygu jcpm;rIud k pd k;&drfygvQif pifumyl? 

w½kwf? xdkif; ..vrf;wHwm; Consultant 

29 


VOICE 

rsm;udk iSm;&rf;Edkifygonf/ ,cif tpdk;& 

a[mif;vufxufu ta0;ajy; vrf;? 

wHwm;rsm; wnfaqmufygu jctBuD;? 

tao;rsm;0dkif;0ef;pm;aomufMuaom 

aMumifh vrf;azmufzdkYrajymESifh 

vrf;jyifp&dwfyif aps;BuD;vSonf/ 

yxrqHk; jrefrmtpdk;&opf\ 

bwf*sufudk avhvmaomtcg {&m0wD 

wdkif;? acsmif;omteD; uDvdkrDwm 30 

vrf;wpfckud k usyfodef; 5000 bwf*suf 

csay;xm;onfudk jrif&aomaMumifh 

Mocsrdygonf/ tpdk;&opfwufNyD;wpf 

ESpftwGif; ykodrf-&efukef ta0;ajy; 

vrf;rBuD; csdKifhcGufrsm; aysmufqHk;oGm; 

onfudkvnf; Mocsrdygonf/ jcpm;rI 

enf;oGm;ygu vrf;? wHwm; aqmuf 

vkyfrI p&dwfrsm; tvGefenf;oGm;onfud 

tpd k;&acgif;aqmifrsm; rsufjrifjzpfonf/ 

ig0g' OD;pm;ay;pepfrsm; &SdaeOD; 

rnfjzpfygonf/ rnfodkYjzpfygap.. 

wpfESpfudk a':vmoef;aygif; 2000 

ausmf&SmazGay;aom ucsifjynfe,f 

jrpfBuD;em;NrdKUESif h? weoFm&Dwd kif;a'oBuD; 

Nrdwf? aumhaomif; a'ocHrsm;twGuf 

a':vmoef; 200 cefY tukefuscHaom 

ta0;ajy;vrf;wpfck &oifhygonf/ 

vrf;azmufjcif;twGuf bwf*sufray; 

vdkonfrSm tpdk;&wdkif; (vlwdkif;) 

obm0yifjzpfonf/ ay:yiftvkyfrsm; 

om acwfpm;aeaom jrefrmjynfwGif 

vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;½H kwnfaqmufjcif;? 

vrf;azmufjcif;wdkYudk OD;pm;ray;onf 

rSm ESpf 50 MumcJhNyDjzpfonf/ ,cif 

tpdk;&u vrf;wHwm; aqmufvkyf&ef 

bwf*sufrsm;rSm jcpm;rIwGif epfjrKyf 

oGm;cJhMuonf/ ,ck o,HZmw0ifaiG 

rsm;udk jcpm;vdkonfh ta,mifaqmif 

a'ozGHU NzdK;a&;wGif roHk;rd&ef ta&;BuD; 

ygonf/ txl;ojzifh tvGefBuD;rm;vS 

aom ppfvufeufp&dwfudk bwf*suf 

avQmhcszdkY jzpfEdkifrnfavm/ 

jrefrmrsm; aiGaMu;udkifwG,f 

oHk;pGJ&mwGif tvGeftm;enf;ygonf/ 

Oyrm..tar&d u? pif umyl w d k Y ü 

tvkyfvkyfolrsm; wpfva':vm 3000 

vpm&onfESif h wpftdrfvH k;iSm;? um;0,f? 

tJ,m;uGef;? toH k;taqmif? rd kbd kif;vfzH k;? 

uGefysLwm? tuFs D? zdeyf? tdwf? em&D 

taumif;pm;rsm; 0,foHk;aeMuonfrSm 

rsufjrifjzpfonf/ olrsm;tvdrfcH&onf 

vnf;&Sdonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tzdkY 

&&Sdvmaom o,HZmw0ifaiGrsm;udk 

bwf*sufjzifh pepfwus vrf;wHwm;? 

puf½H krsm;? ynma&;? usef;rma&;? ppfa&; 

wdkYwGiftoHk;jyK&ef twdkifyifcH World 

Bank, Asia Bank, UNDP 

ukvor*¾wdkYtjyif aiGay;NyD; iSm;&rf; 

&onfh World Class Fund & Budget 

Managers rsm;vdktyfygonf/ 

o,HZmwqd konfrSm usdefpmoif 

avh&S dygonf/ o,HZmw a&mif;&aiGawG 

b,fa&mufoGm;ovJ ar;cGef;rSm Good 

Question jzpfonf/ o,HZmw 

a&mif;pm;cJhaom jrefrmhppfacgif;aqmif 

rsm; b,fvd k Zmwfodrf;oGm;oenf;onf 

tajzyifjzpfygonf/ o,HZmwrsm;udk 

tusdK;&Sd&Sd toHk;cs&ef jrifhjrwfaom 

pdwf&S donf h acgif;aqmifrsm;pGmvd kygonf/ 

MDG series 15-7-2013 

aZmfatmif

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30 


VOICE 

a&Taps; qufusrnf[kqdk 


wGif;a&Taps;rSm urÇmYa&Taps;ESihftwl twuftuswpfvSnhfpDjzpfaeNyD; vmrnhf&ufowåywfwGif aps;usaeOD;rnf 

jzpfaMumif; a&Taps;uGuftwGif;rS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/ 

Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

pOf 

trnf 18 . 7 . 2013 

1/ ajryJqD 4000 

2/ pm;tkef;qD 1530 

3/ tmvl; 400¼650 

4/ &Srf;MuufoGefjzL 1125¼1850 

5/ MuLukwfMuufoGefjzL 925¼950 

6/ MuufoGefeD 475 

7/ 0g;c,fri½kwf&Snf 1950¼2000 

8/ oMum; 925¼1050 

9/ anmifOD; (aq;xef;) 990 

10/ refusnf; (tom;) 1100 

11/ *ZD,mqef 16000 

12/ *awmifysHqef 22000 

13/ *ay:qef;qef 26000 

14/ *a&Tbkday:qef; 31000 

wpfydóm^wpftdwf* tcsdefESifhvkdufí aps;EIef;tajymif;tvJ&SdEkdifygonf/ 

½kH;ydwf&ufqufwdkuf&Sdaeonhf 

twGuf ta&mif;t0,fusqif;um jynf 

wGif; a&Taps;qufvufusqif;rnfjzpf 

aMumif; &efukefwd kif;a'oBuD; a&Tvkyfief; 

&Sifrsm;toif; tvkyftrIaqmif 

OD;at;csKdu ajymMum;onf/ 

]]'Dwpfywfawmh urÇmhaps;u 

ykHrSeftwdkif; oGm;aeayr,hf 'DrSmawmh 

aps;at;Edkifw,f}}[k wdefcsdefa&Tqdkif 

pOf 

vkyfief;&Sif OD;aZmfatmifu qdkonf/ 

a&Taps;usonh ftwGuf e,frSa&T½d kif; 

rsm; t0ifenf;aomaMumihf &efukefa&T 

aps;uGuftwGif; tu,f'rDtacguf 

a&T &Sm;yg;vsuf&S daMumif; a&Tbk Homvrf;&S 

tacgufa&Tta&mif;t0,fjyKvkyfaeaom 

a&Tvkyfief;&SifwpfOD;u ajymMum;onf/ 

Zlvdkifv 15 &ufaeY aps;uGuf 

tzGih fu urÇmha&TwpfatmifpvQif 1290 

"mwfykH ¼ xGef;xGef;jrifh 

a':vm ESihf jynfwGif;tacgufa&T 

wpfusyfom;vQif usyf 691ç500 &Sd&mrS 

&ufydkif;twGif; jynfwGif;a&T wpfusyf 

om;vQif usyf 694ç500 xd wjznf; 

jznf;jrihfwufvmNyD; Zlvdkifv 18 &uf 

aeYwGif jynfwGif;tacgufa&T wpfusyf 

om;vQif usyf 690ç000 odkY jyefvnf 

usqif;oGm;jcif; jzpfaMumif; a&Taps;uGuf 

twGif;rS pkHprf;od&Sd&onf/ • 

trsKd;trnf 11 . 7 . 2013 18 . 7 . 2013 

1/ ig;&HU 3000 ¼ 5000 3000 ¼ 5500 

2/ ig;cl 3000 ¼ 5500 2500 ¼ 4800 

3/ ig;usnf; 3000 ¼ 5600 2500 ¼ 5000 

4/ ig;Muif; 2200 ¼ 3800 2100 ¼ 3500 

5/ ig;jrpfcsif; 1600 ¼ 2200 1500 ¼ 3000 

6/ ig;oavmuf 3700 ¼ 36ç000 3500 ¼ 36ç000 

7/ wDvm;AD;,m; 1200 ¼ 2000 1200 ¼ 2200 

8/ ig;z,f 2000 ¼ 3700 2000 ¼ 3500 

9/ ig;ajyr 2000 ¼ 6000 2000 ¼ 6000 

10/ ig;&SOfh 3000 ¼ 7000 3000 ¼ 7200 

11/ ykpGef(ausmh) 2000 ¼ 3500 2000 ¼ 3200 

12/ ykpGefwkyf(BuD;) 15ç000 ¼ 26ç000 15ç000 ¼ 26ç000 

13/ ig;rsKd;pkH 1500 ¼ 3500 1000 ¼ 1400 

Source / / MunfhjrifwkdifA[kdpHjyig;aps;/ wefzdk; (usyf) ydóm 

(18¼7¼2013) ac:aps; 

,mOftrsKd;tpm; 

armf',fvf 

tu©&m 

aps;EIef; 

(usyfodef;) 

Probox 2009 5F 115 

AD Van (ykHajymif;) 2008 4F 110¼115 

Mazda Demio (ykHajymif;) 2010 5F 105¼108 

Van (zifaumuf) "mwfqD 2000 3p 170¼175 

Toyota Ipsum 2003 4F 220¼225 

Toyota Wish 2003 4F 215¼220 

Toyota Kluger 2003 5F 260¼275 

Mark II a&Tig;(ykHajymif;) 2004 4F 205¼210 

Toyota Belta 2010 5F 155¼160 

Honda CRV (2002) 2002 5F 215¼220 

Prado TZ 1997 3p 350 

,mOftkda[mif; tyfESHpvpf o 97 (0ef;usif) 

,mOf\tajctaetay:rlwnfí aps;EIef;ajymif;vJEdkifygonf/ 

&ufpGJ 

jrefrmha&Taps; 

(usyf) 

Source / / &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; a&Tvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif; 

urÇmYa&Taps; 

(a':vm) 

zGihfaps; ydwfaps; zGihfaps; ydwfaps; 

15.7.2013 691ç500 692ç000 1290 1282 

16.7.2013 690ç800 692ç500 1279 1285 

17.7.2013 694ç500 691ç600 1290 1285 

18.7.2013 690ç000 688ç800 1276 1280 

&ufpJG tar&duefa':vm 

(usyf) 

,l½kd 

(usyf) 

pifumyla':vm 

(usyf) 

15.7.2013 983 1269 771 

16.7.2013 983 1270 771 

17.7.2013 983 1277 772 

18.7.2013 983 1273 770 

tcsdefESifhvkdufí aps;EIef;tajymif;tvJ&SdEkdifygonf/ 0,faps;omjzpfNyD; a&mif;aps;ESifh 8 usyfcefYuGmonf/ 

a&eHpdrf; ¼ 1 bbl tar&duefa':vm 108.7 

"mwfaiGU ¼ 1 MMBtu tar&duefa':vm 3.97 

"mwfaiGU&nf ¼ 1 MT tar&duefa':vm 929.5 

oMum; ¼ 1 lb qifh 16.3 

yJydpyf ¼ 1 bu tar&duefa':vm 1264.7 

ajymif; ¼ 1 bu qifh 498.2 

*sKH ¼ 1 bu qifh 664.5 

aMu;eD ¼ 1 lb qifh 313.1

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Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

31 


VOICE 

ruúqDudk - x&DeD'uf 

yem;rm; - usL;bm; 

Soccer Weekly Fixtures 

20-7-2013 (paeaeY) 

uGefumuyfzfa&Tzvm;NydKifyGJ uGmwm;zdkife,f 

Copa Euro Americana 

eHeuf 1;30 em&D 


umwdkvDum - qDADvm n 8;00 em&D 

Telekom Cup 

*vufbwf - a'ghref 

[rf;bwf - bdkif,efjrL;epf 

n 9;15 em&D 

n 11;00 em&D 

ref,l&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

MopaMw;vs All Star - ref,l nae 4;00 em&D 

vDAmyl;&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

tif'dkeD;&Sm; All Star - vDAmyl; n 7;00 em&D 

bmpDvdkem&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

vufcsDtm - bmpDvdkem (we*FaEGeHeuf) 


uvyftoif;ajcprf;yGJ 

tl;pfbwf - rdkemudk 

n 8;30 em&D 

b&ef;zdkY'f - qJvfwpf 

n 8;30 em&D 

befpav - 0kAf 

n 8;30 em&D 

atmfaZ; - rufZf 

n 10;30 em&D 

qdk;acsmhpf - eefpD 

n 10;30 em&D 

&SufzD;0rf;eufpfa'; - [m;vfpD;wD; 

(we*FaEGeHeuf) 


21-7-2013 (we*FaEGaeY) 

uGefumuyfzfa&Tzvm;NydKifyGJ uGmwm;zdkife,f 

[Gef'l;&yf - aumfpwm&Dum 

tar&duef - t,fvfqmaA'dk 




tefZdktmwD*l - ay:wdk n 9;30 em&D 

cs,fvfqD;&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

rav;&Sm; All Star - cs,fvfqD; n 7;15 em&D 


'ef'D; - *Refpwkef; 

n 6;30 em&D 

aumh&pfcf - b½k*suf 

n 7;30 em&D 

tJvfcrm - *Dwmaz; 

n 8;30 em&D 

rDcs,fvef - abmf'dk; 

n 11;00 em&D 

vdkuD&ef - rma,mhum 

n 11;00 em&D 

22-7-2013 (wevFmaeY) 

&D;&Jvfruf'&pf&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

bkef;armuf - &D;&Jvfruf'&pf 


tmqife,f&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

em*dk,my&rfyufpf - tmqife,f nae 4;00 em&D 

23-7-2013 (t*F gaeY) 

csefyD,Hvd*fajcppfyGJ 'kwd,tqifh ('kausmh) 

&Sufwmum&m*ef'D - FC BATE 

n 8;00 em&D 

u,fvf*sL - [,fvfqifuD; 

n 9;30 em&D 

quf*sufpum - ½S&pfzf 

n 10;00 em&D 

'l*gAm - tJvfabmh 

n 10;30 em&D 

rdkvf'D - qvD*dk½dkAm 

n 11;30 em&D 

puef'gbl - eufzfcsD 

(Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


pxa&;rm; - 'dkiferdkwDbDvpfqD (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


ruúmbDwJvftypf - *sdK&D (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


Am'g - pwltmblcg&ufpf (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


qJvfwpf - uvpfzfwefA,fvD (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


'dkiferdkZm*&uf - zdkvmtufcsf (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


Z,f*sufeDum - y,fvfZef (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


[ufzfema*smf'g - tuú&meufpf (Ak'¨[l;eHeuf) 


ref,l&moDBudKajcprf;yGJ 

,dkudk[m;rm; - ref,l nae 4;50 em&D 


aepD,Gefe,f - qDADvm eHeuf 00;00 

Trofeo Tim zdwfac:zvm;NydKifyGJ 

*sLAifwyf - atpDrDvef 

qufqltdkvdk - *sLAifwyf 

atpDrDvef - qufqltdkvdk 


[rf;bwf - 0ufpf[rf; 

n 11;15 em&D 

armifhy,fvD,m - wl;avmhpf 

n 11;30 em&D 

uGef 

umuufzfa&Tzvm;NydKifyGJ[m tkyfpktqifhyGJpOfawG NyD;qHk;cJhvdkY uGmwm;zkdife,ftqifhudk wufa&mufvm&mrSm xifrSwf 

xm;wJhtoif;rsm; wufa&mufvmEdkifvdkY tckcsdefupNyD; tBudwfte,f&Sdvmygvdrfhr,f/ AdkvfpGJ&ef tvm;tvm 

taumif;qHk;tjzpf tdrf&Siftar&duefu xdyfqHk;u &yfwnfaeNyD; ruúqDudkeJY aumfpwm&DumwdkYvnf; yg0ifvmwJh 

uGmwm;zdkife,fyGJBudKrsm;udk oHk;oyf& &ifjzifh/ (Zlvdkif 20^21^22) 

ruúqDudk Vs aemufqHk;awGUqHkrI 

x&DeD'uf 

x&DeD'uf 2 - 2 ruúqDudk (2009) ruúqDudktoif;[m yGJOD;xGuf½IH;yGJBuHKcJh&NyD;aemuf ESpfyGJqufEdkifyGJeJY 'Dtqifhudk 

ruúqDudk 2 - 1 x&DeD'uf (2009) a&muf&Sdvm&mrSm wpfyGJxufwpfyGJ ajcpGrf; aumif;rGefvmwJh x&DeD'ufudk ausmfjzwfzdkYawmh 

x&DeD'uf 2 - 1 ruúqDudk (2005) tawmfhudk BudK;pm;&ygvdrfhr,f/ av;ESpftwGif; yxrqHk;tBudrf jyefawGUaewm jzpfNyD; 

vuf&Sdvltiftm;t& x&DeD'ufu omoa,mif&Sdygw,f/ x&DeD'uf[m uGmwm;tqifhudk 

13 ESpfMumrS jyefa&mufEdkifwm rdkY vuf&SdcsefyD,H ruúqDudkxuf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m tm;omcsuf&SdNyD; wdkufppfrSL; uD0if*sHK;eJY rdkvDEdkwdkY&JU 

wdk;tm;udk ruúqDudkaemufwef; xdef;zdkY rvG,favmufygbl;/ ruúqDudktoif;rSm emrnfBuD; upm;orm;awG yg0ifvmrIr&SdbJ 

vli,ftrsm;pkudkom yGJxkwfvmwJhtwGuf upm;tm;aumif;wJh x&DeD'ufwdkY EdkifyGJ&oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/ 

tar&duef Vs t,fvfqmaA'dk 

aemufqHk; 3 BudrfawGUqHkrI 

tar&duefwd kufppfrSm 0g&if hwd kufppfrSL; 'd kEd kAefeJ Y Aef'd kavmpuD&J U ajcpGrf;jyrIeJ Ytwl 

tar&duef 2 - 1 t,fvfqmaA'd k (2010) 

tar&duef 2 - 1 t,fvfqmaA'd k (2009) 

tkyfpkyxreJ Y ausmfjzwfvm&mrSm oGif;*d k; 10 *d k;txd oGif;,lEd kifwJ h wd kufppftaumif;qH 

t,fvfqmaA'd k 2 - 2 tar&duef (2009) ;toif;jzpfygw,f/ t,fqmaA'guawmh wdkufppfrSL;uD,m,m&JU 'kwd,ydkif;oGif;*dk;eJY 

aemufqHk;yGJudk tEdkif&cJhvdkYom tar&duefeJYawGUcJh&wmaMumifh tar&duefwdkY 

aemufwpfqif hwufzd Y tcGif htvrf;awmh &S dygw,f/ vuf&S dajcpGrf;t& oGif;*d k; oH k;*d k;om oGif;,lxm;Ed kifwJ h t,fvfqmaA'd kwd kufppfud 

tar&duefcHppform;awG aumif;aumif; xdef;xm;Ed kifovd k upm;orm;aumif;awGvnf; enf;yg;wmrd Y tbufbufuomvGefwJ 

tar&duefwdkY *dk;jywfoGif;um atmifyGJcHEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ 


usL;bm; 1 - 1 yem;rm; (2013) 

yem;rm; 1 - 0 usL;bm; (2013) 

usL;bm; 0 - 2 yem;rm; (2012) 

yem;rm; Vs usL;bm; 

yem;rm;toif;[m tkyfpk A &J U xdyfqH k;rSm ruúqDud kud k ausmfjzwfum 'Dtqif hud 

a&muf&Sdvm&mrSm upm;yHkuspfvspfrIu t"duuscJhygw,f/ usL;bm;uawmh 

tkyfpkwwd,jzifhom &cJhvdkY ajcpGrf;ydkif;u taumif;BuD;awmh r[kwfygbl;/ 

ESpfoif;awGUqHkrI ydkif;rSmawmh yem;rm;[m tom&xm;w,fvdkY qdk&rSmjzpfNyD; 

vuf&S dajcpGrf;t&vnf; usL;bm;xufawmhomygw,f/ usL;bm;&J U tm;tenf;qH k;ae&mu aemufwef;jzpfNyD; ay;*d k;ckepf*d k;xday;um 

Team Work aumif;rGefwJh yem;rm;&JU ½IH;yGJr&SdpHcsdefudk ½dkufcsKd;zdkY rvG,favmufygbl;/ 'gaMumifh tBudwfte,f&SdEdkifNyD; 

yem;rm;*dk;tenf;eJYom EdkifEdkifygvdrfhr,f/ 

[Gef'l;&yfpf Vs aumfpwm&Dum 


[Gef'l;&yfpf[m aumfpwm&DumeJY aemufqHk;awGUqHkcJhwJh &SpfBudrfrSm 

aumfpwm&Dum 1 - 0 [Gef'l;&yfpf (2013) 

ESpfBudrfom½IH;zl;wmaMumifh ajcpGrf;ydkif;uGm[rI usOf;ajrmif;w,f vdkY qdk&rSmyg/ 



[Gef'l;&yfpf[m tkyfpkyxreJ Y wufvS rf;vm&mrSm tkyfpkwGif; ajcpGrf;aumif;rGefrIud kawmh 

NydKifbuf toif;wdkif;owdjyKrdygvdrfhr,f/ odkYayr,fhvnf; aumfpwm&Dumu 

tkyfpk'kwd,eJ Y wufvSrf;aomfjim; ½I H;yG JwpfyG Jom&S dwJ h ajcpGrf;[mvnf; [Gef'l;&yfpfud k owday;&m a&mufygw,f/ aumfpwm&DumrSm 

Oa&mytajcpdkuf upm;orm;awG yg0ifvmovdk [Gef'l;&yfpfrSmvnf; ajrmuftar&du uvyftoif;awG&JU ajcpGrf;aumif;rGefwJh 

upm;orm;awG &Sdygw,f/ vuf&SdajcpGrf;t&awmh ESpfoif;pvHk;[m ajcnDEdkifwmaMumifh yGJcsdefjynfh oa&yGJjzpfum tcsdefydktxd 

&ifckef&r,fhyGJwpfyGJvdkY qdkcsifygw,f/ aumfpwm&Dum Edkifygvdrfhr,f/ 

tkyfpk (A) 

pOf toif; yGJ Edkif oa& ½IH; &*dk; ay;*dk; &rSwf 

1 yem;rm; 3 2 1 0 3 1 7 

2 ruúqDudk 3 2 0 1 6 3 6 

3 rmwDepf 3 1 0 2 2 4 3 

4 uae'g 3 0 1 2 0 3 1 

tkyfpk (B) 


1 [Gef'l;&yfpf 3 2 0 1 3 2 6 

2 x&DeD'uf 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 

3 t,fvfqmaA'dk 3 1 1 1 3 3 4 

4 a[wD 3 1 0 2 2 3 3 

Breaking News 

tkyfpk (C) 


1 tar&duef 3 3 0 0 11 2 9 

2 aumfpwm&Dum 3 2 0 1 4 0 6 

3 usL;bm; 3 1 0 2 5 7 3 

4 bDvpf 3 0 0 3 1 7 0 

- ref,ltoif;'kOuú|jzpfol tuf0k'f0ghonf pydefvufa&G;pifupm;orm; zmb&D*wfpfudk ac:,l&eftwGuf 

bmpDvdkemtoif;ESifh pum;ajym&ef xGufcGmoGm;NyD jzpfaMumif; ref,l0ufbfqdkufü azmfjyxm;onf/ ref,ltoif;onf 

zmb&D*wfpftm; aygif 26 oef;jzifh ueOD; urf;vSrf;rnfjzpfaMumif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf/ 

- tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH ygyltmjynfe,fü usif;ycJhonfh vufa0SYyGJpOfwpfckwGif 'dkifrsm;\ qHk;jzwfcsuftay: rauseyfí 

½kef;&if;qefcwfjzpfyGm;NyD; vl 17 OD;txd aoqHk;cJh&mwGif trsKd;orD; 10 OD; yg0ifcJhNyD; 32 OD; aq;½HkodkY ydkYaqmifcJh&onf/ 

- wm;jrpfaq;oHk;pGJrIaMumifh ½k&Sm;ajy;ckefypfNydKifyGJ0if&ef &yfqdkif;cH&ol urÇmhwmwdk tajy;orm; tar&duefEdkifiHom; 

wdkifqefa*;udk pyGefqmay;aeonfh Adidas vkyfief;u axmufyHhay;rIudk &yfqdkif;xm;vdkufonf/ wdkifqefa*;onf vuf&SdrDwm 

100 NydKifyGJ \ 'kwd, tjrefqHk; vlom;tjzpf pHcsdefwifxm;olvnf;jzpfonf/ 

- zdvpfydkifvufa0SYorm; refeDywfuGDtdktaeESifh 2013 ckESpf Edk0ifbmwGif ,SOfNydKifxdk;owfrnfh &DtdkpfESifhyGJwGif ½IH;edrfhcJhygu 

vufa0SYavmurS xGufcGgEdkifajc &SdaMumif; avhusifha&;rSL; ½dktufcsfu ajymqdkcJhonf/ ywfuG Dtdkonf zdvpfydkiftrwf wpfOD;jzpfNyD; 

,ckESpftwGif; ,SOfNydKifcJhonfh rm;uGufESifh b&uf'avwdkYudk ESpfyGJquf ½IH;edrfhcJhonfh urÇmausmfvufa0SYorm;vnf;jzpfonf/ 

- vDAmyl;vfenf;jy b½dkif,efa&mf*smonf toif;uxGufcGmrnf[k owif;BuD;aeol O½ka*G;vufa&G;pif qGm&ufZfudk 

toif;wGif qufvufxdef;odrf;oGm;rnf[k aMunmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf/

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32 

THE VOICE WEEKLY 

Vol.9 / No.28 - Monday, July 22 - 28, 2013 

32 


FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

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