Operational Manual for Review Workshop of HFOMC - Nepal Family ...

+ 

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng 

tyf 

Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;dLIff uf]i7L 

;~rfng lgb] {lzsf 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno 

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu 

/fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| 

6]s', sf7df8f} 

@)^&

kf7\oqmd kl/dfh{gdf ;+nUg dxfg'efjx? -@)^&_ 

>L ch' {gaxfb'/ l;+x, lgb{ ]zs, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| 

>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| 

>L ;+ho bfxfn, hg:jf:Yo clws[t, /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| 

>L OGb| a:ofn, zfvf clws[t, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno 

>L 3gZofd kf]v/]n, jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf 

>L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L pb]j dxh{g, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t÷tflnd ;+of]hs, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L w| 'j yfkf, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L dbg yfkf, lkmN8 d]g]h/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :Jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L /fh]z lnDa", sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L kz'klt t'nfw/, lkmN8 clkm;/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L u0f]z kf08], sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L uug u'?Ë, l6d ln8/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sgsf ljz]if ;Nnfxsf/ 

>L ch' {gaxfb'/ l;+x, lgb{ ]zs, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| 

>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| 

>L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

>L w| 'j yfkf, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] 

Kff7\ \oqmd kl/dfh{g sfo{bnsf ;b:ox? 

>L Clif/fd v8\sf, pk–;lrj, /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb| – ;+of]hs 

>L OGb| a:ofn, zfvf clws[t, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno – ;b:o 

>L 3gZofd kf]v/]n, jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo k|zf;s, Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf – ;b:o 

>L ;+ho bfxfn, hg:jf:Yo clws[t, /fli6«o P8\; tyf of}g /f]u lgoGq0f s]Gb| – ;b:o 

>L pb]j dxh{g, jl/i7 sfo{qmd clws[t÷tflnd ;+of]hs, g]kfn kl/jf/ 

:jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] – ;b:o 

>L uug u'?Ë, l6d ln8/, g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd bf];|f] – ;b:o

+ 

+ 

kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf k'g/fjnf]sgdf ;+nUg dxfg'efj tyf lgsfox? -@)^#_ 

s_ 

sfo{ 6f]nL 

!= >L Clif/fd v8\sf, ;+of]hs /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|, 

:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefu, 6]s' 

@= >L /Ltf hf]zL, ;b:o Joj:yfkg dxfzfvf, 


#= >L xs{axfb'/ yfkf, ;b:o u|fdL0f :jf:Yo ljsf; sfo{qmd, hfjnfv]n 

$= >L w| 'j yfkf, ;b:o 

g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf 

%= >L uug u'?Ë, ;b:o g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf 

-v_ 

k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt 

!= >L ch' {gaxfb'/ l;+x, k|d'v gLlt, of]hgf tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;xof]u 

dxfzfvf, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof 

dGqfno, /fdzfxky, sf7df8f} 

@= >L cld/ vftL, lgb{ ]zs /fli6«o :jf:Yo tflnd s]Gb|, 


#= >L 8f=afa'/fd d/fl;gL, ;+of]hs :jf:Yo If]q ;'wf/ OsfO, 

:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, /fdzfxky, 

sf7df8f} 

$= >L /fdhL 9sfn, k|d'v ;+of]hs :jf:Yo If]q ;xof]u sfo{qd, lh=l6= h]8, 6]s' 

%= >L bL3{/fh >]i7, jl/i7 ljz]if1 g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf 

^= >L x/]/fd e§/fO{, k|ltlglw Dofg]hd]G6 ;fOG; km/ x]Ny, (MSH) 

&= 8f=bfdf]b/ clwsf/L, :jf:Yo If]q ;'wf/ ;xof]u sfo{qmd, 

jl/i7 ;Nnfxsf/ 

(RTI International), ;fg]kf 

-u_ 

ljz]if ;xof]uL 

!= >L tTj ltldlN;gf OlG:6Ro'6 km/ sNr/n ckm]o;{ (ICA) 

@= >L dbg/fh lji6 OlG:6Ro'6 km/ sNr/n ckm]o;{ (ICA) 

#= >L /fh]z lnDa" g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf 

$= >L ;'lhtf zfSo g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf 

%= >L ;l/tf ofbj g]kfn kl/jf/ :jf:Yo sfo{qmd, ;fg]kf

ljifo–;"rL 

qm=;+= ljifo ;q kf=g+= 

!= ;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng k|lqmof k"jf{jnf]sg – s – ! 

@= k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf – s – $ 

#= bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf – s – % 

$= ;xefuL xflh/L gd'gf kmf/d – s – ^ 

%= klxnf] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;f/;+If]k – s – & 

^= bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;f/;+If]k – s – ( 

&= kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk -k|yd tyf bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L_ s ! 

*= :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] :jMd'NofÍg v # 

-klxnf] / bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L_ 

(= ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof u & 

!)= ;'kl/j]If0f 3 !! 

!!= cl3Nnf] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ª !& 

!@= ;'zf;g r !( 

!#= ;|f]t kl/rfng 5 @! 

!$= :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f h @% 

!%= sfo{of]hgf em @( 

!^= ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ` #! 

!&= 

of]hgf th' {df 6 ##

s – ! 

;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng k|lqmof 

k"jf{jnf]sg 

!= k[i7e"ld 

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd cGtu{t ;dLIff uf]i7L 

Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd xf] . :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf 

clej[l4nfO{ Pp6f tflndsf ¿kdf dfq glnO lg/Gt/ k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf lnOg'kg] { x'G5 . x:tfGt/0f 

k|lqmofsf] ;dodf u/LPsf cled'vLs/0f sfo{qmd kZrft\ tLg lbg] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnddf 

Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fg / ;Lk ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg u/LG5 . tTkZrft tL l;s]sf 1fg / 

;Lkx?nfO{ k'gtf{huL ug{ / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL yk 1fg / ;Lkx? ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg ug{sf lglDt 

;do ;dodf ;dLIff uf]i7Lx? /fVg'kg] { cfjZostf 68\sf/f] ¿kdf dx;"; u/LPsf] 5 . o;} 

;Gbe{df tLg lbg] tflnd kZrft Ps jif{leq b'O{j6f ;dLIff a}7sx? ;~rfng ug] { u/L of] 

lgb] {lzsf tof/ u/LPsf] 5 . oL ;dLIff uf]i7Lx?df ;ldltsf ;b:ox?;Fu laz]if u/]/ lgDg 

ljifox? 5nkmn u/Lg]5 . 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg 

;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof 

;'kl/j]If0f 

;'zf;g 

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f 

;|f]t kl/rfng 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f 

of]hgf th' {df 

k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L tLg lbg] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd kZrft kfFrf+ } dxLgfdf hDdf b'O{ lbgsf] x'g]5 

eg] bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L kl5 csf] { kfFr dxLgfdf Ps lbgsf] x'g]5 . uf]i7Ldf 

5nkmn x'g] ljifoj:t'x? ;fwf/0faf6 ufx|f ljifoj:t'x?df qmdzM k|j]z ug] { u/L l;nl;n]jf/ 

¿kdf k|:t't u/LPsf 5g\ . ;fy} :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf 

;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltnfO{ k|bfg ug' {kg] { 1fg / ;Lkx? Wf]/} eP tfklg Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf 

dfly plNnlvt ljifoj:t'df 1fg / ;Lk lbOPdf ;ldltn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkgdf k|efjsf/L 

9+un] sfd ug{ ;Sg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . o; ;dLIff uf]i7Lafx]s k|To]s dxLgf jf cfjZostfcg';f/ 

;ldltsf] dfl;s a}7sdf klg Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljleGg ljifoj:t'x?df 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg]5 . 

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf 



1

s – @ 

@= ;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng k|lqmof 

of] uf]i7L bIftfd"ns / jo:s l;sfOsf l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;~rfng x'g]5 . o; uf]i7Ldf 

;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;lqmo ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpg] k|lqmofx¿ ckgfOg] 5g\ . h;n] ubf{ 1fg / ;Lkdf 

;a} ;xefuLx¿ bIf x'g]5g\ . o;df ;xefuLx¿nfO{ cEof;åf/f zLk k|fKt ug] { cj;/ klg k|bfg 

u/Lg]5 . ;xhstf{n] cEof;sf nflu lgb] {zg k|i6 ¿kdf eGg'sf ;fy} cEof; eO/xFbf cjnf]sg 

/ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5g\ / ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { cj:yfdf t'¿Gt ;'wf/ u/fpg] 5g\ . ;xefuLx¿sf] 

;lqmo ;xeflutfsf nflu pxfFx¿n] o;eGbf cl3 k|fKt u/]sf tflnd / k"j{ cg'ejx¿nfO{ dGyg 

u/L k"j{ 1fg, ;Lk / cg'ejnfO{ pkof]u ub} { 5nkmn k|lqmofnfO{ ;hLjtf lbg k|oTg u/Lg] 5 . 

uf]i7Ldf cfjZos ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] Joj:yf u/L k|efjsf/L 9+udf k|of]u u/Lg]5 . 

#= ;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng lgb] {lzsf 

of] lgb] {lzsf k|yd / bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ tof/ u/LPsf] xf] . ;xhstf{n] oxL 

lgb] {lzsfnfO{ cg';/0f u/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lgwf{/Lt ljlw÷k|lqmof ckgfO{ uf]i7Lsf] p2]Zo xfFl;n 

ug{ ug' {kg] { sfo{ ug' {kb{5 . o; cGtu{t k|To]s lbg ljleGg ljifoj:t'df s]lGb|t /x]/ 5nkmn u/LG5 

/ tL ljifoj:t'x? Pscsf{;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . 

o; lgb] {lzsfdf uf]i7Lsf] d'Vo p2]Zo, ;do, ljlw, cfjZos ;fdu|L / lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z 

u/LPsf 5g\ . lqmofsnfkdf ljleGg ljifoj:t'x?sf] ;~rfng ug] { tf}/ tl/sfx?nfO{ qmda4 ¿kn] 

JofVof u/LPsf] 5 . 

lgb] {lzsfsf] z'?df /flvPsf] sfo{tflnsfn] k|To]s ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn u/Lg] lqmofsnfkx?af/] 

;+lIfKt emns lbG5 . ;fy} pQm sfo{tflnsfn] ;xhstf{nfO{ k|To]s lbgsf] 5nkmnnfO{ k|efjsf/L 

tl/sfn] ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5 . 

k|yd / bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf s]xL ljifoj:t'x? Ps} x'g] ePsfn] To:tf ljifoj:t'x? Ps} 7fpFdf 

dfq /flvPsf 5g\ . ;xhstf{sf lglDt cfjZos lgb] {zg ;DalGwt ljifox?df g} lbPsf] 5 . 

;xhstf{sf] lglDt cfjZos ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx? Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[lb tflnd k|lzIfs 

lgb] {lzsfsf] ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L v08df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;xhstf{n] pSt ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L k|of]u 

u/L uf]i7L ;~rfng ug{ ' kb{5 . 

$= b[Zo ;fdu|Lx¿ 

o; cGtu{t uf]i7Ldf l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xhstf{n] k|of]udf Nofpg] ;fdu|Lx¿ 

kb{5g\ h:t}M, ˆn]S;lk|G6 . 

%= uf]i7Lsf p2]Zox¿ 

%=!= k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf p2]Zox? -@ lbg_M 

o; uf]i7Lsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/fx? ug{ ;Sg]5g M 

2 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

s – # 

● ;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{sf] :jd"NofÍg u/L k|b{zg ug{ . 

● 

:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgdf cfjZos kg] { :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng ug] { 1fg 

k|fKt u/L] / ;Lk k|bz{g ug{ . 

● 

;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ] k|lqmofut s'/fx? Hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

● ;'zf;gsf] cy{ / o;sf] dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

● 

● 

● 

:yfgLo txdf ;|f]t klxrfg / kl/rfng ug{ cfjZos hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L 

atfpg . 

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f u/Lg] ljleGg k|lqmofut s'/fx? dWo] ;fdflhs 

gS;f / :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f u/L ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;sf] klxrfg 

ug{ . 

;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;x?nfO{ ;]jfsf] d"nwf/df Nofpg ;d'bfo kl/rfng 

sfo{qmdaf/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

● ;ldltsf] tyf :jf:Yo ;F:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ . 

%=@ 

bf];|f] ;dLIff sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox? -! lbg_M 

o; uf]i7Lsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/fx? ug{ ;Sg]5g . 

● 

:jd"NofÍg ljlw af/] k'gM hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L ;ldltsf] xfnsf] cj:yfsf] :jd"NofÍg 

ug{ ;Sg] agfpg . 

● ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] kl/efiff, dxTj / k|lqmof af/] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ . 

● 

;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s of]hgf th{ 'df u/L cfjZostf cg'¿k 

uf=lj=;=sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug{;Sg] agfpg . 

^= ;xefuL 5gf}6 k|lqmof 

o; uf]i7Lsf nflu ;xefuLx¿ lgDgfg';f/ x'g] 5g\ M 

● :yfgLo :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;b:ox? . 

&= uf]i7Ldf ;+nUg JolQmx? 

;ldltsf ;b:ox? M (–!# hgf k|lt ;d"x 

;xhstf{ M @ hgf k|lt ;d"x 

;|f]t JolQm M ! hgf k|lt ;d"x 

;xof]uLM ! hgf k|lt ;d"x 




3

s – $ 

k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L 

b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf 

klxnf] klxnf] lbg lbg 

bf];|f] bf];|f] lbg lbg 

;do ldg]6df lqmofsnfk ;do ldg]6df lqmofsnfk 

!) gfd btf{ !% clwNnf] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg 

@) kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk ^) ;'zf;g 

!% lrof !% lrof 

^) :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg 

;ldltsf sfo{x?sf] :jd"NofÍg 

() ;|f]t kl/rfng 

^) ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof #) vfhf 

!@) ;'kl/j]If0f ^) :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f 

#) vfhf !% lrof 

!% klxnf] lbgsf] sfo{qmd ;dfkg / 

d"NofÍg 

^) sfo{of]hgf 

!% lrof !% sfo{qmd ;dfkg / d"NofÍg 

#) 

^ 306f !% 

ldg]6 

;xhstf{sf] b}lgs k'g/fjnf]sg a}7s 

#) ;xhstf{sf] b}lgs k'g/fjnf]sg 

a}7s 

^ 306f #) 

ldg]6 

4 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

s – % 

bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L 

b}lgs sfo{ tflnsf 

;do ;do ldg]6df ldg]6df 

lqmofsnfk 

!) gfd btf{ 

@) 

kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk 

!% lrof 

^) :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf sfo{x?sf] 

:jd"NofÍg 

^) ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f 

() of]hgf th'{df 

#) vfhf 

^) sfo{of]hgf 

!% lrof 

!% sfo{qmd ;dfkg / d"NofÍg 

!% ;xhstf{sf] b}lgs k'g/fjnf]sg a}7s 

^ 306f #) 




5

s – ^ 

;xefuL xflh/L gd'gf :j?k 

tflnd ;+rfng ePsf] s]Gb|sf] gfdM======================================================= lhNnfM ====================uf=lj=;======================= 

tflnd ;+rfng ePsf] ldltM =========================== b]lv===============================;Dd ;d"x g+M 

l;=g+= ;xefuLsf] gfd Kb ;ldltsf] gfd Df÷k' 

xflh/L b:tvt 

klxnf] lbg bf];|f] lbg t];|f] lbg 

! 

@ 

# 

$ 

% 

^ 

& 

* 

( 

!) 

!! 

!@ 

!# 

!$ 

!% 

!^ 

!& 

!* 

6 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

s – & 

klxnf] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;f/;+If]k klxnf] lbg 

ljifoj:t' p2]Zo ;do ljifoj:t' ljlw ;fdu|Lx¿ 

ldg]6df 




7

s – * 

bf];|f] lbg 


ldg]6df 

8 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

s – ( 

bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7Lsf] ;f/;+If]k 





9

s – !) 


10 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

kl/rofTds lqmofsnfk 

-k|yd tyf bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L_ 

;q 

-s_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ \ M 

● uf]i7L sIfleq /x]sf ;xefuLx?sf] gfd atfpg . 

● Ps cfk;df kl/lrt x'g . 

● uf]i7L ;~rfngsf nflu ul/Psf] Joj:yfkg kIfaf/] atfpg . 

;do 

@) ldg]6 

lalw 

5nkmn, k|:t'lts/0f 

b|i6Jo M of] ljifo k|yd tyf bf];|f];dLIff uf]i7L b'a}sf nflu Ps}x'g] ePsfn] ;xhstf{n]b'a} 

uf]i7Ldf o;}sf] k|of]u ug]{ . 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, ljleGg /+usf] d]6fsf8{ 

s= ;xefuLx?sf] kl/rofTds af]8{-%ldg]6_ 


● 

● 

leq sf] sf] x'g'x'G5 

n]v]sf] Go'hlk|G6 klxn] 

g} tof/ ug' {xf];\ \ . 

Go'h lk|G6df ljleGg 

cfsf/ k|sf/sf /+u / 

:j¿k ePsf] d]6fsf8{sf 

6'qmfx? ldnfP/ 

cfsif{s ¿kdf 6fF; 

ug' {xf];\ \ . 




1

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

;q – s 

● 

● 

● 

tof/ ePsf] Go"hlk|G6nfO{ uf]i7L ;~rfng sf]7faflx/ ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

k|To]s ;xefuLx?nfO{ cf–cfkm\gf] gfd d]6fsf8{sf 6'qmfdf n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

o;/L tof/ ePsf] kl/rofTds af]8{ uf]i7L cjlwe/ tflnd sIfaflx/ /fVg] Joj:yf 

ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

v= cf;g u|x0f -%ldg]6_ 


● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

cf;g u|x0f ug] { :Yffgdf a;fO{ +sf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ \ . 

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIfnfO{ oyf:yfgdf klxnf] lbgsf] cWoIftfsf] cf;gu|x0f 

u/fpg'xf];\ . 

olb cWoIf cg'l:klyt ePdf h]i7 ;b:otfsf] cfwf/df cWoIftf u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

;a}nfO{ cf–cfk\mgf] oyf:yfgdf cf;gu|x0f u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

cWoIfsf] ;xdltaf6 sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\ \ . 

u= ;xefuLx?sf] kl/ro -% ldg]6_ 


● 

● 

● 

;+If]kdf kl/ro ug{ ;xhstf{ cfkm}af6 cfk\mgf] gfd tyf sfo{/t ;+:yfaf/] hfgsf/L 

lbg'xf];\ \ . 

Pj+ k|sf/n] ;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ kfn}kfnf] cfk\mgf] kl/ro lbg nufpg'xf];\ \ . -kl/ro lbFbf 

gfd, ;b:otfsf] k|sf/ tyf ;+:yfaf/] eGg nufpg' xf];\ \ ._ 

pkl:yt ;a}sf] kl/ro eO;s]kl5 cWoIfsf] ;xdltdf sfo{qmd cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\ \ . 

3= :jfut tyf uf]i7Lsf] Joj:yfkg -%ldg]6_ 


● :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vnfO{ sfo{qmd z'? x'g'eGbf cufl8 g} uf]i7Lsf] Joj:yfkgkIf af/] s] s] 

eGg] xf] ;f] s'/fsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vaf6 sfo{qmdsf] :jfut dGtJo lbg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● :jfut dGtJosf nflu sfo{qmdsf] Jofg/sf] klg k|of]u ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?sf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf kIf -ofqf vr{, vfhf, :6]zg/L, ;xefuL 

k'l:tsf cflb_ af/] hfgsf/L lbg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;a}nfO{ :jfut;lxt cGo hfgsf/L u/fO{ lbPsf]df :jf:Yo ;+:yf k|d'vnfO{ wGojfb lbFb} 

;q cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\ \ . 

2 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] 

:jd"Nof°g -k|yd / bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L_ 

;q 

-v_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx? lgDg s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ M 

● 

● 

;do 

^) ldg]6 

;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{sf] :jd"NofÍg u/L k|b{zg ug] { . 

:jMd'NofÍgn] cf}NofPsf ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { s'/fx?nfO{ ;'wf/sf nflu sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ . 

ljlw 

5nkmn, k|:t'tLs/0f 

b|i6Jo M of] ljifo k|yd tyf bf];|f];dLIff uf]i7L b'a}sf nflu Ps}x'g] ePsfn] ;xhstf{n]b'a} 

;dLIff uf]i7Ldf o;}sf] k|of]u ug]{ . 

;fdu|LM 

Go'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, P]gf x]b} { u/]sf o'jtL tyf o'jssf] lrq, ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg ˆn]S; – 

-v !_, -v @_, -v #_, 

k|lqmof 

● 

;j{k|yd P]gf x]b} { u/]sf Pshgf o'jtL tyf o'jssf] lrq ;a}n] b]Vg] :yfgdf 6fF; u/L of] 

lrq lsg b]vfOPsf] xf]nf egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ . 




3

;q – v 

● 

● 

● 

P]gf x]bf{ cfkm" s:tf] 5' eg]/ yfxf kfP em} ;ldltn] klg cfkm}n] u/]sf] sfd s:tf] eof] egL 

yfxf kfpg :jd"NofÍg ug{ 'kb{5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]h]sf] s'/f ;xefuLnfO{ eGg'xf];\ \ / lgDg 

s' '/f ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

:jd"NofÍg lsg ug{ ]< of] s'/f xfdLn] cl3Nnf tflnd÷uf]i7Ldf klg 5nkmn ul/;s]sf] 

s'/f :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ . 

pQm a]nf ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg ubf{sf] cj:yf s:tf] lyof] egL Go"hlk|G6df plNnlvt 

:jd"NofÍg l:ylt ;xefuLx?af6 k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . -olb k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7L eP 

# lbg] tflndsf] ;dodf tof/ kf/]sf] :jd"NofÍg l:ylt / bf];|f] ;dLIff uf]i7L eP k|yd 

;dLIff uf]i7Ldf tof/ kf/]sf :jd"NofÍg l:ylt k|:t't ug{ nufpg]_ . 

● pbfx/0fsf nflu klxn]sf] :jMd"NofÍg o; k|sf/ x'g ;S5g\ . 

 

 

 

;ldltsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf tyf ;zQmLs/0fdf– $ c+s 

:jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgdf– ^ c+s 

;]jfsf] cj:yfdf –# c+s 

● o; cufl8sf] tflnd÷uf]i7Ldf dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/sf] cj:yf lyof] eg] clxn] s] 

s:tf] eof] xf]nf ;f] yfxf kfpg klxn] em} :jd"NofÍg ug{ nfu]sf] atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

● 

k\mn]S;– -v !_, -v @_, -v #_ sf] k|of]u u/L :jd"NofÍgsf If]qx? af/] ;+If]kdf hfgsf/L 

lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;fy} :jd"NofÍg ubf{ cfjZos kg{ ] ;ldltsf] a}7s k'l:tsf, ;]jf tyf sfo{qmd /lhi6/ 

cflb ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;fydf /fVg nufpg' 'xf];\ \ . 

● ;+:yfut Ifdtf tyf ;zQmLs/0f plNnlvt km\n]S;– -v !_ k|of]u u/L :jd"NofÍg k|lqmof 

cufl8 a9fpg'xf];\ \ . 

● k|To]s a" Fbfdf oxfFsf] cj:yf s] 5 egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . cj:yf cg';f/ /fd|f] 5 eg] ! / sdhf]/ 

eP ) c+s lbg'xf];\ \ . ! c+s k|fKt x' Fbf xf};nf a9fpg tfnL ahfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● 

● 

● 

● 

:jd"NofÍg ub} { hfFbf s'g} Ps ;xefuLnfO{ :jMd'NofÍgdf kfPsf c+sx?nfO{ ;ldltsf] 

a}7s k'l:tsfdf ;fg{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

:jd"NofÍg ul/+bf ;xefuLx?nfO{ ?h" jf k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu ;DalGwt /lhi6/, k|ltj]bg, 

jflif{s sfo{of]hgf, kl/sNkgf cflb cfjZostf cg'¿k x]g{ nfufpg'xf];\ \ . 

oxL k|lqmofaf6 ˆn]S;– -v @_ / -v #_ sf] k|of]u u/L afFsL If]qsf] :jd"NofÍg ug{ 'xf];\ \ / 

;ldltsf] k|ult s:tf] eof] egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ g} :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

/fd|f] ePdf awfO{ tyf wGojfb lbg'xf];\ \ / olb sdhf]/ b]lvPdf ;'wf/ ug{ 'kg{ ] hfgsf/L 

lbg'xf];\ \ . 

4 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;fy} xfnsf] :jMd'NofÍgaf6 b]lvPsf] k|ult / o; cufl8sf tflnd÷uf]i7Ldf ul/Psf] 

:jMd"NofÍg l:yltsf] t'ngf ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca, dfly :jd"NofÍg ubf{ g;d]l6Psf s'/fx? Hf:t} ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jflif{s 

sfo{of]hgf tyf # jif{ ] kl/sNkgf cflbsf] cj:yf af/] 5nkmn ug' {k5{ ls < egL 

;xefuLnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 ug] { eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x' Fb} 5nkmn cufl8 a9fpg ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo 

;+:yfsf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf tyf # jif{ ] kl/sNkgf b]lvg] :yfgdf 6fF; ug' {xf];\ \ . 

6fF; ul/Psf] ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u ub} { s'gsf] cj:yff s] 5 egL 5nkmn ug' {xf];\ \ . 

:jMd"NofÍgsf qmddf sdhf]/ b]lvPsf kIfx? / afFsL ;d:ofx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\ \ . 

;d:ofx?sf ;"rL 

============================== 

============================== 

============================== 

● ca ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jd"NofÍgaf6 cf}NofOPsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ k|lqmofut ¿kdf 

;dfwfg ug{ 'kb{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbg lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wgxf];\ \ . 

< o;/L clxn] u/]sf] ;dLIffaf6 cf+}NofOPsf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{s] ug{] < s]xL ug{]ls o;} 

yftL /fVg] < 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;xefuLx?sf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ;'wf/ ug{ 'kg{ ] s'/fx?nfO{ sfo{of]hgfsf] 

;qdf 5nkmn ul/g] af/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

;fy} dfl;s a}7sdf klg oL ;d:ofx?nfO{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f 

atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

5nkmnsf] ;f/f+z atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx? ;a}nfO{ ;lqmo ;xefuLtfsf nflu wGojfb lbb} 5nkmn ;dfkg ug{ 'xf];\ 

\ . 

;q – v 




5

;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof 

;q 

-u_ 

p2]Zo M 


● :jf:Yo ;+:yf Joj:yfkgdf cfjZos kg] { :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng ug] { 1fg k|fKt 

ug{ / ;Lk k|bz{g ug{ . 

;doM 

^) ldg]6 

ljlw 

dl:tis dGyg, 5nkmn, cEof;, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, gd'gf r]slni6, ;"rgf k|jfx ˆn]S; – -h #_ 

k|lqmofM 

● 

● 

● 

● 

ev{/} ;ldltsf] :jd"NofÍg ul/;lsPsf] / ca ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof af/] 5nkmn ug{ 

nfluPsf] ;xefuLx?nfO{ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

# lbg] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd xF 'bf g} ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof tyf o;sf] dxTjaf/] 5nkmn 

eO;s]sf] klg :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

;qnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ M 

< ;'rgf eg]sf] s] xf]nf < 

< ;"rgf lsg rflxG5 xf]nf< 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;"rgfaf/] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 

tflnd k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !)& df pNn]v eP cg';f/ 

;+If]kdf k|i6\ofpg'xf];\ \ / o;sf] lsg cfjZostf 5 eGg] dx;"; u/fpg lgDg pbfx/0f lbO{ 

k|i6 ug{ 'xf];\ \ M 

s'g} b'O{ uf=lj=;= sf] pbfx/0f lng'xf];\ \ . le6fldg "P" ljt/0f ubf{ Pp6f uf=lj=;= df 

k|To]s j8fdf ^ dxLgfb]lv % jif{d'lgsf jfnjflnsf s'g j8fdf slt 5g\ \ egL k|fKt 

;"rgfsf cfwf/df ljt/0f u/]sf] / csf] { uf=lj=;= df ;"rgf gePsf sf/0fn] k|To]s 

j8fdf ePsf] le6fldg "P" SofK;'nnfO{ bfdf;fxLn] a/fa/ ¿kdf afFl8Psf] k|;Ë 

;'gfpFb} ;xefuLx?nfO{ s'g uf=lj=;= df sfo{qmd /fd|f] eof] xf]nf egL k|Zg ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 




7

;q – u 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} ;"rgf lnP/ jfnjflnsf cg';f/ k|To]s j8fdf 

afF8]sf] le6fldg "P" sfo{qmd /fd|f] ePsf] / csf{ ] uf=lj=;= df /fd|f] gePsf] s'/f 

k|i6\ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

dflysf] k|;Ë hf]8\b} s'g} klg ljifodf ;xL lg0f{o ug{sf nflu ;"rgf ckl/xfo{ x'G5 

eGg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ klg ;d]6\b} ;"rgf k|jfx ˆn]S; – -h_ k|of]u u/L 

;ldltn] ug' {kg] { :jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;"rgf ;+sng k|lqmof af/] k|i6 ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

-k|;Fu ldnfpb}_ o;/L plrt lg0f{o lng cfjZos ;"rgf s;/L ;+sng ug{ ;lsG5 

xf]nf < egL k|Zg ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 k|fKt s'/fx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\b} ;"rgf ;+sng ;fdfGotof lgDg tLg 

ljlwx?af6 ug{;lsg] s'/f k|i6ofg'xf];\ \ M 

;"rgf ;+sng ug{]k|d'v # ljlwx?M 

cjnf]sg 

JolQmut cGtjf{tf 

;d"x 5nkmn 

● tLg} ljlwx?af/] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut 

;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !)& df pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;+If]kdf hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● ca cjnf]sg ljlwaf/] cEof; ug{ ] af/] atfpg'xf];\ \ / cGo @ ljlwx?sf] cEof; cfufdL 

a}7sx?df ul/g]af/] klg eGg'xf];\ \ . 

● 

ca cjnf]sg ljlwsf] cEof; lgDg cg';f/ u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

cjnf]sg ljlw cEof;M 

;xefuLx?nfO{ @ ;d"xdf ljefhg ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

casf] !) ldg]6df Pp6f ;d"x ghLssf] ;d'bfodf tyf csf{ ] ;d"x :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf uO{ 

;"rgf Nofpg] / k|:t't ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f k|i6 kfg{ 'xf];\ \ . 

;d"x ljefhg cg';f/ Pp6f ;d"xnfO{ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf] x}l;otn] ghLssf] ;d'bfosf 

% 3/ jl/kl/ s] s:tf s'/fx? b]Vg'x'G5 tL] s'/fx? cjnf]sg u/]/ Nofpg eGg'xf];\ \ . 

;fy} csf{ ] ;d"xnfO{ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf x}l;otn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf s] s:tf s'/fx? 

b]Vg'x'G5 tL s'/fx? cjnf]sg u/]/ Nofpg eGg'xf];\ \ . 

8 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

] 

\ 

\ 

] 

\ 

\ 

] 

] \ 

\ 

] 

\ 

\ 

] ] 

\ 

\ 

{ \ 

\ . ● ;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmn cGt ug' {xf];\ 

;q – u 

cjnf]sg u/]/ NofOPsf s'/fx? b'a} ;d"xnfO{ df}lvs ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . 

k|:t'ltsf] cfwf/df cjnf]sg ug{ s'g} dfkb08 eP ;lhnf] x'g] s'/f dx;"; u/fpg 

r]slni6af/] ;+If]kdf hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ . 

pbfx/0fsf nflu ;ldltn] ev{/} cjnf]sg u/]sf s'/fx?nfO{ r]slni6 agfO{ o;/L ;/n, 

;xh tyf k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] klg cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f atfpFb} gd'gf r]slni6 

b]vfP/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ . 

ca k'gM ;f]xL ;d"x ;d'bfodf tyf csf{ ;d"x :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf uO{ r]slni6sf] cfwf/df 

;"rgf Nofpg'kg{ / k|:t't ug' {kg{ ]af/] k|i6 kfg{ 'xf];\ . 

;d"x ljefhg cg';f/ g} ;d"xnfO{ klxn] s} ;d'bfosf % 3/ jl/k/Laf6 ;"rgf tyf 

;d:ofx? cjnf]sg u/]/ Nofpg eGg'xf];\ . 

;fy} csf{ ;d"xnfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf b]lvPsf ;"rgf tyf ;d:ofx? cjnf]sg u/]/ 

Nofpg eGg'xf];\ . 

● cjnf]sg u/]/ NofOPsf s'/fx? b'j} ;d"xnfO{ r]slni6s]f cfwf/df k|:t't ug{ nufpg'xf];\ 

/ lagf r]slni6 tyf r]s lni6 ;lxtsf] cjnf]sgsf] t'ngfTds ljZn]if0f u/fpg'xf];\ . 

pbfx/0fsf nflu, 

r]s lni6 lagfsf] cjnf]sg 

r]s lni6;lxtsf] cjnf]sg 

● s] x]g{ eGg] yfxf gx' Fbf cGof}n x'G5 . ● s] x]g{ eGg] s'/f k|i6 pNn]v x'G5 . 

● x]/fO / egfOdf d]n gx'g ;Sb5 . 

● x]/fO / egfOdf d]n x'G5 . 

● ;do a9L nfUg] x'G5 . 

● yf]/} ;do nfUg] x'G5 . 

● k|:t't s'/fx? cflwsfl/s xF 'b}gg\ . 

● k|:t't s'/fx? cflwsfl/s x'G5g\ . 

● -k|;Fu ldnfpb}_ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] ;do ;dodf :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf ;d'bfosf :jf:Yo 

;DaGwL ;"rgfx? r]s lni6 k|of]u u/L cjnf]sg ljlwaf6 ;+sng u/L a}7sdf /fVg'kg{ 

s'/fdf ;a}nfO{ ;xdt u/fpg'xf];\ . 

● afFsL b'O{ ljlwx? af/] cfufdL a}7sx?df 5nkmn / cEof; ug] af/] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ . 




9

;'kl/j]If0f 

;q 

-3_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf 

;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{ 

;Ifd x'g]5g\ \ M 

● 

● 

● 

;do 

!@) ldg]6 

;'kl/j]If0f af/] 

hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L 

atfpg . 

;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ] 

k|lqmofut s'/fx? 

Hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L 

atfpg . 

;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf 

tyf r]slni6 tof/ 

u/L ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ . 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, gd'gf ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf ˆn]S; – -3 !_, gd'gf ;'kl/j]If0f r]slni6 

ˆn]S;–-3 @_ 

ljlw 

5nkmn, /f]n Kn] 


● 

● 

cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;"rgf s;/L ;+sng ug] { eGg] af/]df 5nkmn ePsf] atfpFb} ca 

;'kl/j]If0f af/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;ldltnfO{ ;'kl/j]If0fsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/fpg b'O{j6f :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] pbfx/0f lgDg 

cg';f/ lbg'xf];\ \ . 




11

;q – 3 

;'kl/j]If0f gul/Psf] :Jff:Yo ;+:yf -;'Gb/k'/_ ;'kl/j]If0f ul/Psf] :jf:Yo ;+:yf -b'u{dk'/_ 

● 

● 

● 

● 

k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;xefuLnfO{ lgDg k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ M 

dfly pNn]v ul/Psf :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf s'g :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] cj:yf lsg /fd|f] ePsf] xf]nf 

egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 b'u{dk'/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sfn] /fd|f] ePsf] eGg]5g\ \ / geg]df 

b'u{dk'/df ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sfn] cj:yf /fd|f] ePsf] s'/f atfpFb} ;xefuLnfO{ ;'kl/j]If0f 

eg]sf] s] xf] egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b}, Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L lgDg s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ M 

;'kl/j]If0fM 

s'g} klg lgsfoaf6 lglib{i6 sfo{qmd s] s:tf] ePsf] 5 egL hfgsf/L lnO{ cfjZostf 

cg';f/ ;xof]u ug] { k|lqmof g} ;'kl/j]If0f xf] . ;'kl/j]If0fn] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtfdf 

clej[l4 u/L sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . o;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ug] { JolQmnfO{ 

;'kl/j]Ifs eGb5g\ \ . 

● ca, k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;'kl/j]If0f ;DaGwL s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ / 

;xefuLnfO{ /fd|f];Fu cjnf]sg ug{ cfu|x ug' {xf];\ \ . 

● 

● 

● 

● 

klxnf r]slni6sf] k|of]u gu/L hyfefjL tl/sfn] g/fd|f] ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sf] gd'gf /f]n Kn] 

u/]/ b]vfpg'xf];\ \ . To;kl5 nuQ} r]slni6;lxt ljljw ljifonfO{ ;d]6\b} ;'kl/j]If0f u/]sf] 

/fd|f] ;'kl/j]If0fsf] gd'gf b]vfpg'xf];\ \ . olb b'O{hgf ;xhstf{ eP Psn] g/fd|f] / csf] {n] 

/fd|f] ;'kl/j]If0f af/] /f]n Kn] u/]/ b]vfpg] . 

o;/L b'O{vfn] clego u/]/ b]vfO{;s]kl5 s'g /fd|f] eof] / lsg < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ 

;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLn] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} /fd|f] / g/fd|f] ;'kl/j]Ifssf u'0fx? af/] Go'hlk|G6df 

tof/ u/L lgDg cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

12 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

;q – 3 

/fd|f] ;'kl/j]Ifssf u'0fx?M 

;sf/fTds wf/0ff lnP/ ;'kl/j]If0f ug' {kb{5 . 

;xof]uL efjgf x'g'kb{5 . 

;'kl/j]If0f kZrft\ /fd|f s'/fx?sf] k|z+;f / ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { s'/fx? eP ;DalGwt 

JolQmnfO{ dfq ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg'kb{5 . 

;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { s'/f kfOPdf h;n] ;'wf/ ug' {kg] { xf], p;}nfO{ PSn} /fvL 

;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg'kb{5 . 

c?nfO{ pTk| ]/0ff hufpg] vfnsf] x'g' kb{5 . 

w}o{jfg\ x'g' kb{5 . 

c?sf ljrf/ jf s'/fx? ;'Gg] vfnsf] x'g'kb{5 . 

;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] x'g'kb{5 . 

g/fd|f] ;'kl/j]IfsM 

ljgfof]hgf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ] . 

;fg]f ltgf] sdL sdhf]/Ldf klg 7"nf] k|ltlqmof b]vfpg] . 

s'g} Ps hgfsf] sdL sdhf]/L kfO{Pdf ;+DalGwt JolQmnfO{ c?sf] ;fd'Gg] ufnL ug] { jf 

;'emfj lbg] . 

● k|;Fu ldnfpFb}, ;xefUfLx?nfO{ s:tf] ;'kl/j]Ifs aGg rfxg' x'G5 < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ . 

;xefuLn] /fd|f] ;'kl/j]Ifs eGg]5g\ \ pQm s'/fdf ;xdlt hgfpFb} o;/L ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ s] 

kmfObf x'G5 xf]nf egL k'gM ;xefuLnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

● 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} ;'kl/j]If0faf6 x'g] kmfObfx? lgDg cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ x'g] kmfObfx?M 

sfd l56f] 5l/tf] x'g] . 

;xof]u ug' {kg] { If]qsf] klxrfg eO{ sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tfdf j[l4 x'g] . 

;dod} ;xL of]hgf agfpg ;lsg] . 

of] Pp6f l;sfOsf] tl/sf klg ePsfn] l;Sg / l;sfpg ;lsg] . 

o;n] cj:yf cg';f/sf] Joj:yfkg ug{df d2t k'/ofpg] x'G5 . 




13

;q – 3 

;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ ;Lkdf clej[l4 eO{ sfo{Ifdtf a9fpF5 . 

o;n] sfdsf] d"NofÍgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 . 

;dod} k[i7 kf]if0f lbO{ sfo{ ;'wf/ ug{ d2t k'/ofpF5 . 

Hfgrfxfgf cg'¿ksf sfo{qmd nfu" ug{/u/fpg d2t k'¥ofpF5 . 

;+:yfsf] cfjZostf klxrfgdf ;lhnf]kgf NofpF5 . 

;+:yfsf] u'0f:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{df ;xof]u k'Ub5 . 

cfzftLt ;kmntf xfFl;n ug{df d2t k'Ub5 . 

● 

● 

● 

k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;'kl/j]If0fsf kmfObf s] s] xF 'bf /x]5g\ eGg] yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} 

;ldltsf] ;b:osf] gftfn] s'g s'g If]qdf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ' k5{ < xf]nf egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;b:ox?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/f 5nkmn u/L k|i6 kfg{ 'xf];\ \ . 

Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] d'Vo u/]/ b'O{ If]qdf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ ' kg{ ]x'G5 . 

k|fljlws If]q 

Joj:yfksLo If]q 

● 

k|fljlws If]q eGgfn] s] s] s'/fx? kb{5 egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ / k|;Fu ldnfpFb} 

lgDg s'/fx? atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

k|fljlws If]qM 

● 

:jf:Yo sfo{qmdsf] ;'kl/jIf0f h:t} vf]k ;]jf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg, dft[ tyf gjlzz' 

sfo{qmd, ufpF3/ tyf vf]k lSnlgs sfo{qmd cflb . 

● 

● 

ca Joj:yfkg If]qdf s] s] s'/fdf ;'kl/j]If0f ug' { kb{5 egL ;xefuLnfO{ k'gM k|Zg 

;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLn] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} lgDg Joj:yfksLo kIfx? af/] ;'kl/j]If0f ug' { kg] { s'/f 

Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L lgDg cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

Joj:yfksLo If]qM 

sd{rf/Lsf] af/]df — sfdsf] /]vb]v, ;xof]u, sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf lgoldt ¿kdf ePsf] 

gePsf], d"NofËg cflb, 

14 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

\ 

;q – 3 

ufFp 3/÷ vf]k lsnlgssf] lgoldt / k|efjsfl/tfsf] af/]df -cg's"n 7fpF, kmlg{r/, 

;fdu|L_ 

:jf:Yo ;+:yf ;dodf v'Ng] u/]sf]÷gu/]sf], 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL, 

;]jfk|bfg ug{ cfjZos ef}lts cj:yf cflb . 

● 

● 

ca ;'kl/j]If0f sxfF sxfF ug{ ] t egL k|Zg ug' {xf];\ / ;xefuLsf a' Fbfx? Go'hlk|6df 

l6Kg' xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?sf] s'/fx? ;d]6\b} ;'kl/j]If0f lgDg 7fFpdf ug' {kg{ ] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

 

 

 

:jf:Yo rf}sL, 

ufFp 3/ lSnlgs, 

vf]k lSnlgs, 

cfdf ;d"x÷dlxnf :jf:Yo ;]ljsf . 

● 

● 

;xefuLnfO{ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] 7fFpx?df k|fljlws / Joj:yfksLo If]qx?df /x]/ 

;'kl/j]If0f ug' {kg{ ] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca k|;Fu ldnfpFb}, ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ s] s;/L ug{ ' kb{5 egL ;xefuLnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6b} lgDg s'/fx? atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

 

 

;ldltn] cfkmgf] ;'kl/j]If0fsf] of]hgf agfP/ ug' { kb5{ . 

;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ r]s lni6sf] k|of]u u/L ug{ ' kb5{ . 

● 

k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;d"x sfo{ u/L ;ldltsf] Ps jif] { ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf tof/ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ 

/ cfjZos ;xof]u ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf tof/ ug{ ;'kl/j]If0fsf] lgDg vfnL gd'gf of]hgf pknAw u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

s] ug] { < sxfF ug] { < s;n] ug] { < s;/L ug] { < slxn] ug] { < 




15

;q – 3 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

;xefuLx?nfO{ ;d"x sfo{ ug{ cem ;lhnf] agfpg Pp6f tof/L ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf gd'gf 

-3 !_ leQfdf 6fF;L b]vfOlbg] t/ pQm of]hgf csf{ ] lhNnfsf] :jf:Yo ;:yfsf] xf] eGb} 

cfkmg} of]hgf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLn] jgfPsf] ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug{ nufO{ To;df cfjZos ;'emfj lbO{ 

clGtd ?k lbO{ To;nfO{ a}7s k'l:tsfdf ;fg{ nufpg] ;fy} Psk|lt tof/ u/L] :jf:Yo 

;+:yfdf b]Vg] u/L 6fF:g nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf agfpFbf :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ufFp 3/ lsnlgs / vf]k lSnlgssf] 5'§f5'§} 

agfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ s] s'/fsf] k|of]u ug{ 'k5{ egL ;fWg'xf]; / r]slni6 k|of]u ug{ 'kg{ ] s'/f 

km]l/ bf]x¥ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca s;/L r]s lni6 agfpg] xf]nf eGb} ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

r]slni6 tof/ ug{sf lglDt ;d"x sfo{ u/fpg' xf];\ . Dffly u/] h:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yf, ufFp 

3/ lSnlgs / vf]k lSnlgssf] 5'§f 5'§} r]sln:6 agfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;d"x sfo{ ug{ ;lhnf]sf lglDt Pp6f gd'gf -vfnL_ r]sln:6 lbg] / P+j /Ltn] tLgj6} If]q 

7fFpsf] r]sln:6 agfpg ;d"x sfo{ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

Pp6f el/Psf] ;'k/lehg r]sln:6 3 -@_ leQfdf 6fF;L gd'gfsf] lglDt To;nfO{ klg x]g{ 

;lsg] s'/f atfpg' xf];\ t/ ;DalGwt :jf:Yo Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cfˆg} ljz]if r]slni6 

x'g'kg{ ] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

r]sln:6 agfFpbf ;xhstl{n] ;fwf/0f lsl;dsf ;"rsx? /fVg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

tof/L r]sln:6 k|:t'lt ug{ nufpg] / To;nfO{ a}7s k'l:tsfdf ptfg{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

cGtdf ;ldltsf] Ps jif{sf] ;'kl/j]If0f of]hgf / r]slni6 s;/L agfpg' kbf] { /x]5 eGg] 

s'/f yfxf ePsf] atfpFb} ;f] sf] k|of]u u/]df :jf:Yo sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;ldlt 

;Ifd x'g] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ / ;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmnsf] cGt ug' {xf];\ \ . 

16 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

cl3Nnf] lbgsf] k'g/fjnf]sg 

;q 

-ª_ 

p2]Zo M 


● cl3Nnf] lbgdf 5nkmn ePsf k|d'v s'/fx?af/] k'gtf{huL eO{ atfpg ;Sg] . 

;do 

!% ldg]6 

ljlw 

tftf] cfn' v]n 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, Dffs{/, 6]k, rsn]6 


● 

;xefuLx?nfO{ cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ;dLIff tftf] cfn' v]naf6 ug{ nfu]sf] af/] hfgsf/L 

lbg'xf];\ \ . 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

tftf] cfn' v]n 

pkxf/sf nflu Ps Kofs]6 rsn]6sf] tof/L ug' {xf];\ \ . 

klxnf] lbgdf l;s]sf ljifoj:t'x? dWo]af6 cfjZos s'/fx? Pp6f k|Zg jf 

lh1f;fsf] ¿kdf Go'hlk|G6df ptf{g'xf];\ . 

Pp6f k|Zgsf nflu Pp6f Go'hlk|G6 k|of]u ug' {xf];\ \ . 

Pp6f k|Zg n]v]sf] Go'hlk| |G6nfO{ csf] { k|Zgn]v]sf] Go'hlk|G6n] a]b} { hfg'xf];\ / sDtLdf 

;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ k'Ug] u/L Go'hlk|G6df n]v]/ a]g{ 'xf];\ \ . o;/L a]b} { hfFbf Pp6f kf]sf 

tof/ x'g]5 . 

;a} ;xefuLx?nfO{ uf]nfsf/ ¿kdf pleg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

s'g} aHg] vfnsf] ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L tfn ahfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'xf];\ \ . 

Pp6f dfs{/ ;xefuLx?sf] aLrdf 3'dfpg' xf];\ \ / dfs{/sf] 6'Kkfn] b]vfPsf] JolQmaf6 

v]n ;'? ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 




17

;q – ª 

 

 

 

 

 

tfnsf] nodf kf]sf l56f] l56f] Psaf6 csf] {df lbg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

tfn aHg 5f8\g] lalQs} h;sf] xftdf kf]sf 5 p;nfO{ Pp6f kq vf]Ng nufO{ pSt 

kqdf ePsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLn] pQ/sf lglDt cfk'mn] eGg g;s]df cGo ;xefuLsf] ;xof]u klg lng ;Sg] 

s'/f atfpg'xf];\ . 

o;}u/L k|Zg g;lspGh]n v]n hf/L /fVg'xf];\ \ . 

clGtd ;xefuLaf6 kf]sf] vf]Nbf e]l6Psf rsn]6sf] Kofs]6nfO{ ;a};Fu afF8\g 

nufpg'xf];\ \ . ;a}sf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 wGojfb lbFb} ;];gsf] ;dflKt ug' {xf];\ \ . 

18 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

;'zf;g 

;q 

-r_ 

p2]Zox? M 


● ;'zf;gsf] cy{ / o;sf] dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

● cfkm"n] sfd ug] { :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;'zf;g sfod ug] { af/] hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L 

atfpg . 

;do M ^) ldg]6 

ljlw 

dl:tis dGyg, ;d"xsfo{, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;fdu|L M 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{ 

ls|ofsnfk M 

● 

● 

● 

cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;'kl/j]If0f ;DaGwL 5nkmn ePsf] / ;xof]uL ;'kl/j]If0f ePdf :jf:Yo 

;+:yfaf6 lbOg] ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsg] s'/f atfpFb} casf] 

;qdf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpFb} ;qsf] ;'?jft ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?nfO{ ;'zf;g eg]sf] s] xf] egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ / ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf] s'/f 

Go"hlk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} ;'zf;g af/]df lgDg s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;]jfu|fxL cyf{t\ ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf, rfxgf / OR5f cg';f/ pgLx?s} ;xeflutf / 

;xdltdf lgikIf / kf/bzL{ 9+un] ;d'bfosf nflu :jf:Yo ;]jf/sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'rf? 

¿kn] ;~rfng u/fpg] k|lqmofnfO{ ;fdfGo cy{df ;'zf;g egLG5 . 

● 

● 

;xefuLx?nfO{ ;'zf;g eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] s'/f yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;'zf;g 

x'g cfjZos s'/fx? s] s] xf]nfg\ < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/fx? atfpg'xf];\ \ . 




19

;q – r 

;]jf k|bfossf] lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf 

hg;xeflutf 

kf/blz{tf 

 

 

 

 

;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO 

;fdflhs÷;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f 

;ldltsf] lgoldt a}7s, 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof 

gful/s a8fkq 

;dfj]zLs/0f 

ckgTj 

;a}sf] :jLsfo{tf 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;xefuLx?nfO{ ;'zf;g ;DaGwL cfjZos s'/fx? yfxf ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb} cfkm' 

;b:o ePsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf s] s] ePs]f v08df ;'zf;g ePsf] dfGg'x'G5 < egL @) 

ldg]6 ;d"x sfo{ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?nfO{ tof/ ug] { qmddf cfjZos ;xof]u ug' {xf];\ \ . 

Tfof/ ul/Psf] ;fdu|LnfO{ ;xefuLx? dWo]af6 PshgfnfO{ k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ 

nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

Kf|:t'tLs/0f ul/Psf] ;fdu|LnfO{ ;a} ;xefuLx?sf] x:tfIf/ u/fO{ ;fd"lxs k|lta¢tf 

lng nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

pQm ;fdu|LnfO{ k|lta¢tf ul/P cg'¿k cg'udg ug{ cfjZos x'g] x'gfn] :jf:Yo 

;+:yfdf ;ldltsf] a}7s sIfdf 6fF; ug{ ] Joj:yf ldnfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . ;fy} a}7s 

k'l:tsfdf lg0f{o n]Vg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmnsf] cGt ug' {xf];\ \ . 

20 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

;|f]t kl/rfng 

;q 

-5_ 

p2]ZoM 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg 

s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ \ M 

● :yfgLo txdf ;|f]t klxrfg / 

kl/rfng ug{ cfjZos hfgsf/L 

k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

;do 

() ldg]6 

ljlw 

dlit:s dGyg, ;d"xsfo{, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;fdu|L M 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, lrq 

ls|ofsnfk M 

● 

cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;'zf;g ;DaGwL 5nkmn ePsf] s'/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb} ;xhstf{n] 

casf] 5nkmn ;|f]t kl/rfng ;DaGwL lgDg v]naf6 ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

v]nM pknAw ;fdfgaf6 v]Ng ;lsg] v]n cUnf] 3/ agfpg]M 

 

 

;xefuLx?nfO{ b'O{ ;d"xdf ljeflht eO{ cf–cfkmg]f ;d"xdf a:g nufpg'xf];\ . v]nsf] 

gfd / o;s]f d'Vo p2]Zo pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgsf] k|of]u s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] /x]sf] 

s'/f k|i6 kfg' {xf];\ . 

o;sf ;fy} k|lzIfsn] lgDg lgodx? k|i6;Fu atfpg'xf];\ . 

v]n cjlw % ldg6sf] x'g]5 . 

pknAw ;fdfgaf6 ;s]hlt cUnf] rLh÷3/ agfpg'kg{ ] x'G5 . 

v]n cjlwel/ ;d"xsfo{ ubf{ af]Ng kfOg] 5}g . 

cfkmgf] jl/kl/ h] h] pknAw 5g\ To;af6 g} 3/ agfpg' kb{5 . 




21

;q – 5 

sf]7feGbf aflx/af6 ;fdu|Lx? Nofpg kfOg] 5}g . 

pko'Qm lgodx? atfO;s]kl5 b'a} ;d"xnfO{ tof/ u/fO v]n z'? u/fpg'xf];\ . 

;xhstf{n] klg v]n cjlwe/ gaf]Ng'xf];\ . 

lgikIf;fy b'a} ;d"xsf ultljlwx? cjnf]sg ug{ 'xf];\ / aLr aLrdf ;dosf] hfgsf/L 

u/fpg'xf];\ . 

;do ;lsPkl5 agfPsf] rLhnfO{ oyf:yfgdf /fVg nufO{ kfn}kfnf] b'a} ;d"xnfO{ 

cfkm"n] u/]sf] sfo{ s] s:tf] eof] egL k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ . 

ljho ;d"xsf] 3f]if0ff u/L k'/:s[t ug{ 'xf];\. 

v]n ;dflKt ePkl5 k|of]u ePsf ;fdfgx? oyf:yfgdf /fVg nufpg'xf];\ . 

● 

● 

k|;Fu ldnfpFb} of] v]nsf] d"n ;Gb]z s] xf]nf egL ;xefuLnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . ;xefuLaf6 

cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ldnfpFb} v]nsf] d'Vo ;f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;xhstf{n] ;|f]t eg]sf] s] xf] < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLn] eg]sf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

s'g} klg nIo xfFl;n ug{sf nflu k|of]udf NofOg] dfgljo zlQm, ljleGg lsl;dsf 

ef}lts ;fwgx?, ;do, k};f, / ;"rgfx? g} ;|f]t x'g\ . pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd 

kl/rfngaf6 :jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ k|efjsf/L, lgoldt / u'0f:t/Lo agfO{ ;]jfsf] k|of]ub/df 

clej[l4 u/fpg ;lsG5 . 

o;/L ;|f]t kl/rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf / ;+nUgtfdf plrt tj/n] ug{ 

;s]df :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw ;]jfk|lt ;d'bfodf ljZj;gLotf a9\g hfG5 . 

● 

● 

k'gM ;xefuLx?nfO{ :yfgLo txdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf nflu pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt 

;|f]tx? s] s] x'g\ < egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg ;Defljt ;|f]tsf] af/]df atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

:yfgLo txdf pknAw x'g] ;Defljt ;|f] tx?M 

Uff=lj=;÷gu/kflnsf=df cfPsf] ah]6 . 

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg /sd . 

ljleGg ;/sf/L / u}x|;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfgx? . 

Uff=lj=;÷gu/kflnsf jf :Jff:Yo ;+:yfsf] cfGtl/s ;|f]t . 

hg;xeflutf . 

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 k|fKt cg'bfg . 

;fd'bflos jg cflb . 

22 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

' 

;q – 5 

● 

● 

● 

k|;Fu ldnfpFb} Uff=lj=;÷gu/kflnsfdf pknAw ;|f]tnfO{ s'g–s'g zLif{saf6 :jf:Yodf 

vr{ ug{ ;lsG5 / pQm ;|f]t s;/L :jf:Yo sfo{ {qmdsf nflu pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] 

af/]df ;a}eGbf a9L hfgsf/ sf] x'g'x'G5 xf]nf egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 ;ldltsf] cWoIf eGg] egfO;Fu ;xdt x' Fb} uf=lj=;= cWoIfaf6 ;f] af/] k|:t't 

ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . -cWoIfnfO{ ljifo k|:t'ltsf nflu k"j{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' kb{5 . _ 

ca k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfkm";Fu ePsf] jf pknAw x'g] ;|f]tnfO{ k|of]u 

ug] { k|lqmof s] s] xf] < egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} ;|f]t 

kl/rfng ug{ ] k|lqmof lgDg cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;|f] t kl/rfng ug{] Kf|lqmofM 

/sdsf] xsdf Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] gfddf a} +sdf vftf vf]nL lgoldt ¿kdf hDdf 

ug] {, lgodcg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f u/fpg], la/fdL btf{afkt k|fKt x'g] /sd cflb :Jff:Yo 

;+:yf k|d'v jf jxfFn] tf]s]sf] JolQmn] lhDdfdf a'lemlnO{ ;ldltsf] vftfdf lgoldt 

¿kdf hDdf ug] { Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . o;/L s'g} klg ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /sd tyf x'g 

uPsf] vr{ cfDbfgL vr{sf] /lhi6/df :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ug{ ' kb{5 . s'g} klg vr{ ug{ 

kbf{ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ dfq vr{ ug] { Joj:yf ldnfpg' kb{5 . 

● 

● 

● 

● 

ca k|;Fu ldnfpFb} ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ o;/L k|fKt ePsf] ;|f]t jf h'6fPsf] ;|f]t sxfF 

sxfF vr{ ug{ ;lsG5 < egL k|Zg ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ hf]8\b} :Jff:Yo ;+:yf ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] 

cfkm";Fu ePsf] jf h'6fPsf] ;|f]t ;fwgx?nfO{ /fli6«o vf]k lbj;, le6fldg P sfo{qmd, 

dxfdf/L tyf k|fs[lts k|sf]k, ufpF3/ lSnlgs / vf]k lSnlgs ;~rfng, dlxnf :jf:Yo 

:Jfo+ ;]jLsfnfO{ k|f]T;fxfg, ;d'bfodf r]tgf d"ns sfo{qmd, cf}hf/ pks/0f / cf}iflw 

vl/b cflb sfo{df vr{ ug{ ;Sb5g\ egL hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca ;|f]t ;+sngsf nflu s] ug' { kb{5 xf]nf egL k|Zg ug' {xf];\ . ;xefuLaf6 k|:tfjgf k]z 

ug' { kb{5 eGg] cfPdf ;xdt x'g'xf];\ / gcfPdf vf]tn]/ s'g}klg lgsfodf ;|f]tsf nflu 

kxn ug{sf nflu pko'Qm k|:tfjgf n]Vg'kg] { s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . ;fy} k|:tfjgf tof/L s;/L 

ug{ ;lsG5 < egL ;xefuLnfO{ { k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} k|:tfjgf n]vg ubf{ lgDg s'/fx?df Wofg lbg' 

kb{5 egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

k|:tfjgf n]Vg'eGbf cufl8 s] sf] af/]df n]Vg] ;f] sf] k"j{tof/L ug{ ' kb{5 . 

s'g p2]Zo / nIo k|fKt ug{ nfluPsf] xf] ;f] lgwf{/0f ug{ ' kb{5 . 

s'g ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u dfluPsf] xf] ;f] v'nfpg' kb{5 . 

pQm ;d:of ;dfwfg eP s] s] kmfObf x'G5 ;f] af/]df klg pNn]v x'g' kb{5 . 




23

;q – 5 

pQm sfo{ ug{sf nflu s] slt ;fdu|L, hgzlQm, /sd jf cGo ;|f]t cfjZos kb{5 

;f] sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/L ug{ ' kb{5 . 

lglb{i6 sfo{ slt cjlwdf ;DkGg ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] ;f] sf] hfgsf/L sfo{of]hgf 

:j¿kdf tof/ ug{ ' kb{5 . 

;|f]t lbg] ;Defljt lgsfosf] p2]Zo / k|fyldstf If]q af/] hfgsf/L /fvL k|:tfjgf 

k]z ug{ ' kb{5 . 

● 

k|:tfjgfsf] lgDg gd"gf vfsf lb+b} s'g} If]qdf k|:tfjgf n]Vg cEof; u/fpg'xf];\ \ . ;f] 

sf] lglDt ;d"x sfo{ ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

k[i7e"ld 

nIo / p2]Zo 

sfo{ ubf{ x'g] kmfObf 

nlIft ju{ 

k|:tfljt sfo{qmd 

ah]6 

sfo{of]hgf 

● 

● 

;d"xsfo{ kZrft\ k|:t'tLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmn cGt ug' {xf];\ \ . 

24 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f 

;q 

-h_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ M 

● :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f af/] k'gt{fhuL eO{ o; af/] atfpg . 

● :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g] ljleGg k|lqmofut s'/fx? dWo] ;fdflhs gS;f / 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] tYofÍ ljZn]if0f u/L ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;sf] klxrfg ug{ . 

● 

;do 

^) ldg]6 

ljlw 

;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;x?nfO{ ;]jfsf] d"nwf/df Nofpg ;d'bfo kl/rfng sfo{qmdaf/] 

hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L atfpg . 

dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, ;fdflhs gS;f 


● 

● 

● 

cl3Nnf] ;qdf :jf:Yo ;]jf tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos 

;|f]t :yfgLo :t/df s;/L klxrfg / kl/rfng ug] { eGg] af/]df 5nkmn eO;s]sf] 

hfgsf/L u/fpFb} casf] ;qdf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0faf/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f 


tLg lbgsf] tflnddf :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f af/]df 5nkmn ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L 

u/fpFb} pQm ljifodf s] s] s'/fx? 5nkmn ePsf lyP < xf]nfg\ egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ 

;f]Wg'xf];\ \ / Pp6f Pp6f d]6fsf8{ lbO{ pQm ljifoj:t'df 5nkmn ePsf s'/fx? n]Vg 


;xefuLx?n] n]Vg g;s]df ;xof]u ug' {xf];\ \ . 




25

;q – h 

● 

● 

;xefuLx?n] n]v]sf d]6fsf8{x? ;+sng ug' {xf];\ / ToxfF cfPsf] s'/fx? ;/;tL{ k|:t't 

ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?sf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} tLg lbgsf] tflnddf 5nkmn ePsf] :jf:Yo ;]jfdf 

;dfj]zLs/0faf/] lgDg k|d'v s'/fx? Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs 

lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= (^ af6 atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

:jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;fdfj]zLs/0f eg]sf] s] xf] < 

;dfj]zLs/0fsf tf}/ tl/sfx? s] s] x'g\ < 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

ca, k|;Fu ldnfpFb} :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f af/]df k'gM 5nkmn lsg ug{ nfluPsf] 

xf]nf < egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b} 5'6]sf dflg; jf ;d'bfox?nfO{ kQfnufO{ pgLx?nfO{ 

;]jfsf] kx' Frdf Nofpg ;d'bfo kl/rfng sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug] { tf}/ tl/sf af/] k|i6 kfg{ 

of] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?nfO{ tLg lbgsf] tflnd kZrft\ ;ldltn] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu u/]sf sfo{x? 

s] s] 5g\ \ ;f]wL Go'hlk|G6df l6kf]6 ug' {xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?sf] s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} ca klg ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf sf]xL 5g ls eGg]s'/f klxrfg ug{ 

5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

o;sf nflu tLg lbg] tflndsf] ;dodf tof/ kfl/Psf] ;fdflhs gS;f ;a}n] b]Vg] 

:yfgdf 6fF:g'xf];\ \ . 

ca, :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] dfl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsf ljZn]if0f u/L ;]jfsf] nIo cg';f/ 

k|ult s] s:tf] 5 / s'g ;]jf sd 5 / sf] 5'6]sf 5g\ lgDg cg';f/ ljZn]if0f ug{ 

nufpg'xf];\ \ M 

;j{k|yd dfl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsf s] xf] / o;sf] k|of]u s;/L ul/G5 < egL 

eGg'xf];\ \ . 

Dffl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsfleqsf kIfx?af/] dfl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsf b]vfP/ 

eGg'xf];\ \ . 

s'g} Pp6f ;]jfnfO{ pbfx/0f lnO{ pQm ;]jfsf] nIocg';f/ k|ult s;/L x]g] { / 

ljZn]if0f s;/L ug] { egL u/]/ b]vfpg'xf];\ \ . 

26 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

;q – h 

nIocg';f/ k|ult xfFl;n gePsf] ;]jfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ;]jf /lhi6/, d"n btf{ 

/lhi6/ clb k|of]u u/L ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf 5'6\g ;Sg] JolQm, ;d"x jf ;d'bfo klxrfg 

ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

dlysf] cEof; u/] h:t} ca ;xefuLnfO{ cGo s'g} Ps ;]jf lnP/ dflys} 

k|lqmofcg'¿k ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

Pj+ k|sf/n] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf ;a} dxTjk"0f{ ;]jfx?sf] tYofÍ tof/ ug' {xf];\ / pSt 

s'/fx? ;fdflhs gS;fdf ;xefuLx?sf] ;xefuLtfdf cBfjlws ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● Dfflysf] cEof;af6 kQf nfu]sf ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf dflg;x?nfO{ s;/L ;]jfdf ;dflxt 

ug] { < egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f] ]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;d'bfodf ;d'bfo kl/rfng / cGt/lqmof 

sfo{qmdx? ug' {kg] { s'/fsf] cfjZostf dx;"; u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;d'bfo kl/rfng / cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdx? eg]s} s] x'g\ 5f]6\s/Ldf atfpFb} ;ldltn] o; 

k|sf/sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx? klxnf klg u/]sf] x'g;Sg] s'/f cf} +NofpFb} s]xL pbfx/0f 

;xefuLx?nfO{ eGg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ca, dfly pNn]v ePsf ;]jfaf6 5'6]sf ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ s;/L / s] sfo{qmd 

ug] { ;xefuLx?s} ;lqmo ;xefuLtfdf sfo{qmd agfpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;d'bfo kl/rfng sfo{qmd agfpFbf :yfgLo rfxgf / cfjZostf cg';f/ k|j4{gfTds 

sfo{qmdx? ug{ hf]8 lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;d'bfo kl/rfng sfo{qmd to ul/;s]kl5 s] ug] { < sxfF ug] { < s;n] ug] { < s;/L 

ug] { < slxn] ug] { cflb s'/fx? plNnlvt sfo{of]hgfsf] :j¿kdf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;fy} cBfjlws u/]sf] ;dflhs gS;fnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf 6fF; ug{ 


● ;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmnsf] cGt ug' {xf];\ \ . 




27

sfo{of]hgf 

;q 

-em_ 

p2]ZoM 


● ;ldltsf] tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ . 

;do M 

^) ldg]6 

ljlw 

lrq 5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f 

b|i6Jo M of] ljifo klxnf] tyf bf];|f];dLIff uf]i7L b'a}sf nflu Ps}x'g] ePsfn] ;xhstf{n]b'a} 

uf]i7Ldf o;}sf] k|of]u ug]{ . 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, d]6fsf8{, ;d:of ;"rL, sfo{of]hgf ˆn]S;–-0f_ 


● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

tLg lbg] tflnddf sfo{of]hgf s;/L tof/ ug] { eGg] af/] lj:t[t 1fg / lzk k|bfg 

ul/;lsPsf] :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 

5f]6\s/Ldf sfo{of]hgfsf] vfsfsf af/]df tLg lbgsf] tflnddf eg] cg'¿k sfo{of]hgf 

ˆn]S;– -0f_ k|of]u u/L atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

ca, :jd"NofÍgsf] qmddf kQf nfu]sf ;d:ofx? Tfof/ ul/Psf] Go'hlk|G6 6fF:g'xf];\ \ . ;fy} 

kl/sNkgf / jflif{s sfo{of]hgfnfO{ klg leQfdf 6fF; ug' {xf];\ \ . 

dfly 6fF; ul/Psf ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldsLs/0f ub} { sfo{of]hgf agfpg'xf];\ \ . 

tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{of]hgf Ps k6s k9]/ ;'gfpg'xf];\ / s]xL yk36 ug{ 'kg{ ] ePdf ;f] klg 

ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

cGtdf tof/ ePsf] sfo{of]hgfsf] b'O{ k|lt ptfg' {xf];\, Ps k|lt :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf kmfOn u/L 

/fVg nufpg'xf];\ / csf{ ] k|lt lhNnf :jf:Yo jf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf a'emfpg cfk"m;Fu} 

lng'xf];\ \ . 




29

;q – em 

● 

● 

● 

;fy} casf lbgb]lv Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] cg'udg oxL sfo{of]hgfaf6 

ug{ ;lsg] s'/f klg eGg'xf];\ \ . 

sfo{of]hgfdf k/]sf s'/f jf cGo ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu dfl;s a}7sx?df klg 5nkmn 

ub} { hfg'kg{ ] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 


30 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f 

;q 

-`_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] lgDg 

s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ \ M 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f eg]sf] s] xf] 

eGg]af/] atfpg . 

;dflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf] l;4fGt af/] 

atfpg . 

:jf:Yodf n]vfk/LIf0fsf] cf}lrTo 

af/] atfpg . 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf ;Ldfx? 

Jff/] atfpg . 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf k|lqmofdf 

;dfj]z ug{ 'kg{ ] ljifoj:t'x? af/] 

atfpg . 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ ] ljlw af/] atfpg . 

;do 

^) ldg]6 

ljlw 

5nkmn, dl:tis dGyg, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;fdu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs/{, 6]k 

lqmofsnfk M 

● 

● 

● 

ev{/} ;ldltx?n] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] :jd"NofÍg af/] 5nkmn ePsf] eGb} ca ;fdflhs 

n]vfk/LIf0f af/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

k|yd ;dLIff a}7sdf ;'zf;g af/] 5nkmn eO;s]sf] s'/f :d/0f u/fpg' xf];\ \ . ;fy} 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f s'g} klg ;+:yfdf ;'zf;g sfod ug{ Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cf}hf/ /x]sf] 

af/] k|:6 kfg{ 'xf];\ \ . 

ca ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f eg]sf] s] xf]nf egL ;xefuLnfO{ k|Zg ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 




31

;q – ` 

● 

● 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf] s'/fx?nfO{ Go"h lk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f af/] lgDg cg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

s'g}klg ;+3 ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] ;du| ultljlw -gLlt, ljlw, Jojxf/, sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf 

;|f]t kl/rfng_ sf] lgoldttf, kf/blz{tf, k|efjsfl/tf, sfo{bIftf / ;fGble{stf af/] 

clwsf/jfnf tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfn] cfkm\gf] cg'ej, a'emfO / b[li6sf]0fsf] cfwf/df ul/g] 

ljZn]if0f, d"NofÍg, l6Kk0fL / k[i7kf]if0f ug{ ] k|lqmofnfO{ ;fdflhs n]vf k/LIf0f egLG5 . 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fsf d'Vo–d'Vo l;4fGtx?af/] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 

tflnd k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@! hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

ca k|;Fu ldnfpb} ;xefuLnfO{ cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ 'k5{ sL 

egL ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?sf] ug{ 'k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} Tof] lsg ug{ 'k5{ xf]nf egL km]l/ k|Zg 

;f]Wg'xf];\ . 

cfPsf pQ/x?nfO{ Go'hlk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?sf] cfPsf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs 

lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@@ cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ . 

;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0fdf s]xL ;Ldfx?af/] klg Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd 

k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@# cg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ s] s] s'/fx? ;dfj]z ug{ ' k5{ xf]nf egL 

k|Zg ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

cfPsf] pQ/x?nfO{ Go'h lk|G6df l6Kg'xf];\ \ . 

ca ;xefuLx?sf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs 

lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@# cg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{ ] ljlw af/] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] 

Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@$ cg';f/ 

5f]6\s/Ldf hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

cGtdf lgs6 eljiodf g} :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ug'kg] { s'/f ;xefuLnfO{ 

hfgsf/L u/fpg'xf];\ / of] s'/f sfo{of]hgfdf kfg' {kg] { :d/0f u/fpg'xf];\ \ . 


32 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

of]hgf th' {df 

;q 

-6_ 

p2]Zox? M 

o; 5nkmnsf] cGtdf ;xefuLx?n] 

lgDg s'/f ug{;Ifd x'g]5g\ M 

● of]hgfsf] dxTjaf/] atfpg . 

● 

● 

;do 

() ldg]6 

;xefuLtfTds of]hgf 

k|lqmofsf r/0fx?af/] 

hfgsf/L xfFl;n u/L ;f] 

adf]lhd of]hgf th{ 'df ug{ . 

;ldltsf] of]hgfnfO{ uf =lj 

=; =sf] jflif{s of]hgfdf 

cfjZostf cg'¿k ;dflxt 

ug{ ] k|lqmof af/] hfgsf/L 

k|fKt ug{ . 

ljlw 

dl:tis dGyg, 5nkmn, k|:t'tLs/0f 

;dfu|L 

Go'hlk|G6, dfs{/, 6]k, of]hgf rqm ˆn]S;– -6 !_, ;xefuLtfTds of]hgf th' {df k|lqmofsf r/0fx? 

ˆn]S;– -6 @_ 

k|lqmofM 

● 

● 

cl3Nnf] ;qdf ;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwL 5nkmn ePsf] k|;Fu atfpb} casf] 

;qdf of]hgf th{ 'df s;/L ug{ ]af/] 5nkmn ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ / of]hgf eg]sf] 

s] xf] ;xefuLx?nfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd 

k|lzIfs lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@& df pNn]v eP adf]lhd 

of]hgf af/] lgDg cg';f/ atfpg'xf];\ \ . 




33

;q – 6 

of]hgf eg]sf] s] xf]< 

lglZrt p2]Zo k|flKtsf lglDt s], slxn], sxfF, s;/L, s;n] cflb h:tf k|Zgx?sf] 

hafkm ;lxt ul/Psf] k"j{ tof/L tyf b:tfj]h g} of]hgf xf] . 

% æsÆ df cfwfl/t eP/ of]hgf agfpFbf k|efjsf/L x'G5 . 

s] < lsg < s;/L < slxn] < s;n] < 

< pbfx/0fsf nflu M uf =lj =; = el/ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL hfgsf/L u/fpg cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd 

ug{ ' k/]df % æsÆ nfO{ k|of]u u/L s;/L of]hgf agfpg] xf]nf t< 

● 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6\b} Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd k|lzIfs 

lgb{ ]lzsf cGt{ut ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] kfgf g+= !@* df pNn]v eP adf]lhd Go'hlk|G6df 

tof/ u/L lgDg s'/fx? atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

s] ug{]

hgtfnfO{ clt cfjZos k/]sf s'/fx?df k|fyldstf lbgsf nflu . 

 

 

● 

● 

:yfgLo lgsfosf] cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] klxrfg x'g] tyf kl/rfng ug{df d2t 

k'Ug] k'¥ofpg] x' Fbf cfTdlge{/tf j[l4 u/fO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu . 

:yfgLo :t/df cfOkg{ ] ;d:ofx?nfO{ :yfgLo cfjZostf / kl/l:ylt cg's"n 

;dfwfg ug{sf nflu . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog u/fpg 

/ k|hftGqsf cfwf/e"t cË :yfgLo :jfoQ ;/sf/nfO{ :yfgLo hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]lx 

jxg u/fpgsf nflu . 

ca of]hgf s;/L agfpFbf jf:tljs of]hgf aGb5 xf]nf < egL k'gM ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|Zg 

ug{ ' xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ klg ;d]6\b} of]hgfrqm plNnlvt ˆn]S;– -6 !_af6 

lgDg s'/fx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● ca k|:t't ul/Psf] of]hgf rqmsf k|To]s r/0fsfaf/] lgDgfg';f/ k|i6 ug{ 'xf];\ . 

< cfjZostf÷;d:ofsf] ljZn]if0f eg]sf] s] xf]< 

● ;xefuLx?af6 cfPsf] s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg cg';f/ eGg'xf];\ 

\ . 

;q – 6 




35

] 

{ 

;q – 6 

;fdfGo cy{df ck]lIft sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ] u/fpg] qmddf xfn b]vf k/]sf ljleGg afwf 

c8\rg jf ;d:ofx? klxrfg ug{ ckgfOg] tf}/tl/sf g} cfjZostf÷ ;d:of ljZn]if0f 

xf] . 

● ;xefuLx?nfO{ :jf:Yo ;d:of ljZn]if0f ug{ ] tf}/tl/sfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg lgDg k|Zg 

;f]Wg'xf];\ \ M 

< :jf:Yo ;d:of ljZn]if0f s;/L ug] { xf]nf < 

● ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6b}, :jf:Yo ;d:of ljZn]if0f lgDg cg';f/ ug{ ;lsg]af/] 

hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

ljleGg ;]jf /lhi6/ tyf Dffl;s cg'udg sfo{k'l:tsfsf] ljZn]if0f . 

;fdflhs gS;fsf] cWoog 

ljleGg j8fx?df uP/ k|fylds tYofÍ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f 

● 

● 

● 

dfl;s cg'u+dg sfo{k'l:tsf, ljleGg ;]jf /lhi6/ tyf ;fdflhs gS;fsf] ljZn]if0f ug] 

tl/sf klxn] ePsf sfo{qmddf hfgsf/L lbP cg'¿k g} ug{ 'kg{ ]af/] k|i6\ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

j8f—j8faf6 slxn] / s;/L tYofÍ Nofpg] xf]nf egL ;xefuLnfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fnfO{ ;d]6L tnsf ljlwx?sf] af/]df k|i6ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

● 

● 

k|To]s dxLgfsf] a}7sdf cfpFbf ;ldltsf ;b:on] ;d'bfodf 5nkmn u/L ljleGg 

hflt, wd{, pd]/, lnË, ;d"x, ju{, If]q cflbsf ;d:ofx? s] s] 5g\ \ l6kf]6 u/]/ jf 

;Dem]/ Nofpg] . 

jif{sf] Psk6s uf=lj=;= sf] ;du| of]hgf agfpFg'eGbf cufl8 k|To]s j8fdf ;ldltsf 

;b:ox? k'u]/ a[xt\ cfd e]nf u/fO{ :jf:Yosf ljBdfg cj:yf / s] s:tf ;d:ofx? 

5g\ ;f] ;+sng u/L Nofpg] . 

● 

● 

● 

ca, o;/L ;+sng u/]sf ;d:ofx?nfO{ s] ug{ ' knf{ egL ;xefuLx?nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

k]ml/ of]hgf rqmnfO{ b]vfpFb} ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx? ;d]6\b}, tL ;d:ofx?nfO{ k|fyldsL/0f 

ug{ ] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

k|fyldsLs/0f k|lqmof # lbg] tflnd / k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn eP cg'¿k g} ug{ 

s'/f ;+If]kdf k|i6\ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

● To;}u/L ;d:of k|fyldsLs/0f ul/;s] kl5 ;dfwfg vf]Hg] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ . 

36 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

] 

\ 

;q – 6 

● ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hbf To;sf] jf:tljs sf/0f kQf nufO ;dfwfgsf pkfox? kQf 

nufpg' kg{ ] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ \ . o;af/] # lbg] tflnd tyf k|yd ;dLIff uf]i7Ldf 5nkmn 

u/] cg'¿k g} ug{ 'kg{ ] atfpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;d:ofsf] jf:tljs sf/0f klxrfg u/]kl5 sfo{of]hgf agfO{ pQm sfo{of]hgfsf] sfo{fGjog, 

To; kl5 cg'udg / cg'udgaf6 k"/f x'g g;s]sf s'/fx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L k'gM of]hgf 

th{ 'df ug{ 'kg{ ] s'/f jtfpg'xf];\ \ . 

● ca of]hgfrqm cg';f/ g} :jf:Yo of]hgf agfpg nfu]sf] s'/f atfpg'xf];\ . 

● ;ldltnfO{ xfn;Dd b]lvPsf ;d:of jf ;'wf/ ug{ 'kg{ ] s'/fx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f 

atfpFb} clwNnf ;qx?df cfPsf ;d:ofx? Go'hlk|G6df tof/ u/L 6fF; ug{ 'xf];\ \ . 

● 6fF; u/]sf ;d:ofx? afx]s ;ldlt tyf :jf:Yo ;+:yfn] dx;"; u/]sf cGo ;d:of ePdf 

;ldltnfO{ /fVg nufpg'xf];\ . 

● ;xefuLx?nfO{ 6fF; ul/Psf ;d:ofx?sf] k|fyfldsLs/0f ug{ nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● k|fyldstfdf k/]sf ;d:ofx?sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ h8 sf/0f klxrfg ug{ nufpg'xf];\ 

/ jflif{s of]hgf agfpg nufpg'xf];\ \ . 

● o;/L agfPsf] :jf:Yosf] jflif{s of]hgfnfO{ uf=lj=;= sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug' {kg] { s'/f 


● t/ lsg uf=lj=;= sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug] { xf]nf egL k|Zg ;f]Wg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf s'/fx?nfO{ ;d]6\b} lgDg s'/f k|i6\ofpg'xf];\ \ . 

● sltk+o ;d:of ;ldlt cfkm}n] ;dfwfg ug{ g;Sg] / tL ;d:of uf=lj=;=sf] ;xof]u 

jf uf=lj=;= dfkm{t Tof] eGbf dflyNnf] lgsfosf] ;xof]udf dfq ug{ ;lsg] ] x'gfn]. 

● :jf:Yo ;+:yf x:tfGtl/t cj:yfdf uf=lj=;=sf] Pp6f lgsfosf] ¿kdf ePsfn] 

● :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] of]hgf uf=lj=;=sf] of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug{sf] lglDt yfxfkfpg' kg{ 

;xefuLtfTds of]hgf th{ 'df k|lqmofsf r/0fx? ˆn]S;–7-@_cg';f/ hfgsf/L lbg'xf];\ \ . 

● ;f/f+z;lxt 5nkmnnfO{ cGt ug' {xf];\ \ . 




37

:jf:Yo If]qdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL ePsf cWoogx?sf] ;"rL 

ljutdf ljleGg ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/, :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno cGtu{tsf lgsfox? / 

cGo ;xof]uL ;+3–;+:yfx?af6 :jf:Yo If]qdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;DaGwL ljleGg cWoogx? ePsf lyP . 

pQm cWoogx?df :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ePsf :jf:Yo 

;+:yfx?sf Joj:yfkg ;'wf/ ;DaGwL ;'emfjx? ;d]l6Psf lyP . k|:t't Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd tyf 

uf]i7Lsf ;fdu|Lx? tof/ ug{ ljutdf ePsf lgDg cWoogx?sf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ klg ;d]l6Psf 

5g\ . 

1. NFHP. Assessment of NFHP activities to strengthen intervention between 

community and health service system, April 2006. 

2. DFID. Health sector decentralization in Nepal, May 2006. 

3. NHTC. Outcome assessment of SHPs, 2005. 

4. DHSP. Health sector decentralization strategy, 2004. 

5. DASU Supported all sector study, 2003/04. 

6. NHTC. Process review of orientation package, 2003. 

7. DHSP/British Council. Developing health sector decentralization in Nepal, 

2003. 

8. MOHP. Nepal health sector program – implementation plan, 2004. 

9. Gurung G. Capacity building is not an event but a process: Lesson from health 

sector decentralization of Nepal. Nepal Med Coll J 2009; 11 (3): 205-206 

38 



;~rfng lgb] {lzsf

ThistrainingmanualismadepossiblebythegeneroussupportoftheAmericanpeoplethroughtheUnitedStatesAgencyfor 

InternationalDevelopment(USAID).ThecontentsaretheresponsibilityofNationalHealthTrainingCenter,MinistryofHealth 

andPopulation,NepalanddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsofUSAIDortheUnitedStatesGovernment.

Operational Manual for Review Workshop of HFOMC - Nepal Family ...

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