Sinhala

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï 

.egqï ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

W;=re - kef.kysr iy 

mq;a;,ï †ia;s%lalh weiq˙ka 

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha 

1 

m%ldYkhla'

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

W;=re kef.kysr iy 

mq;a;,ï †ia;%slalh weiq˙ka 

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh 

^tlai;a cd;Ska f.a irKd.; fldñifï wkq.%yfhks'& 

2



ISBN 

ljrfha PdhdrEmh ( ffjoH tï' tia' ùrfldaka 

m˙.Kl wÈr $msgq ie,iqu ( ,s;aud .%eµslaia ✆ 0114-216740 

uqøKh ( 

m%ldYkh ( úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh 

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh hkq uyck m%;sm;a;s ms


mgqk 

÷ .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh ms


ia;+;sh 

ñrdla rySï iy jfkaid f.di,ska m%Odk mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯ fom, 

úiska fuu wOHhkh mj;ajk ,°' 

mS' úch Ydka;ka" Ydka;s ;ïnhshd" iajr®kï m%kdka≥ iy Wud kkaokS 

hk fÈa;% mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯ mṡ ia Tjqkg iyh jQ y' 

fï lD;sh iïmdokfha ° r;sks fi,ajkdh.ï" fndaë m%kdka≥" órd 

m%oka" fl,S n%hka" ;kQcd úch Ydka;ka" ir,d tAïudkqfj,a iy foajkkaoa 

rduhshd we;=Ω mṡ i f.ka ,o uyÛ= Wmldrh iy ∞hl;ajh wf.a fldg 

i,lk w;r tA i|yd Tjqka fj; ia;+;sh mṡ kefï' 

tlai;a cd;Ska f.a irKd.; fldñiu iy úfYAIfhka fuu wOHhkh 

Wfoid wruqo,a iemhSfuka iy Wmld¯ ùfuka i,ik ,o fiajh 

fjkqfjka §iy„jkhg wdrïNhla hk jevigykg iïnkaO ishÆ 

fokdg o ia;+;sh mṡ kefï' 

5


fmrjok 

2002 fmnrjd˙ 22 †k Y%S ,xld rch;a" t,aààB ixúOdkh;a w;r 

igka úrdu .súiqu w;aika ls¯fuka miq" °r®>ld,Sk iduhla wfmalaIdfjka 

wj;eka jQ mṡ ia wdmiq ish ksc N+ñh lrd meñfKkakg jQ y' Tjqka f.a 

ixLHdj tkag tkagu jeäjkakg úh' 800"000 la jQ uqΩ wj;eka jQ ck;dj 

f.ka ±kgu;a 300"000 la fokd wdmiq ish .ïìï fj; meñK we;e hs 

.Kka n,d ;sfí' ;j;a iuyre wdmiq tAu i|yd l,amkd lrñka isá;s' 

jir úiaila mqrd jQ hqoaOfhka ì,s.;a ñksia „ú; ixLHdj 65"000 ls' fu 

f,i W;=re yd kef.kysr m ld,Sk hqoaOhg fya;= ldrl jQ;a" tfia u tys m,úmdlhka jYfhka 

o ie,lsh yels ckjdr®.sl .egqï rg ;=< wNHka;r jYfhka u;=jk 

wr®nqohg m%Odk jYfhka j.lsj hq;=j we;' wdmiq meñfKk wNHka;r 

jYfhka wj;eka jQ mṡ ia iy irKd.;hska tu m%foaYj, ckjdr®.sl yd 

wd.ñl iqΩ;rhla njg m;aùu ksid ckjdr®.sl le,öï iy t†˙jd†lï 

W.%jkq we;' ±kgu;a wj;eka jQ iuyr mjq,a l,ska m†xÑj isá 

fmfoiaj,g wdmiq meñK we;s w;r" ;j;a fndfyda fofkla tfia 

meñ”ug leue;a; m%ldY lr we;' fufia wÆ;ska .ï kshï .ï n,d 

meñfKk mṡ ia yd tys ±kg m†xÑj isák mjq,a w;r u;fNao we;sùug 

fnfyúka wjldY we;' fun∫ u;fNao ksrdlrKh ls¯u" fn° fjka ù 

.sh ck fldgia w;r ;sridr iduh yd hym;a in|;d mj;ajd f.k hEu 

i|yd w;HjYH h' jeä fjñka mj;akd wdrjq,a úi£u i|yd ue†y;aùug 

fmd,Sishg iy wêlrKhg wjYHfhka u ;sìh hq;= kS;Hdkql+, Ndjh 

iy yelshdj ySk fjñka mj;S' wêlrKh uÛska wdrjq,a úiπ .ekSfï 

6


≥Ialr;d" wêl úhyshoï iy wkjYH f,i ld,h ñvx.= ls¯ug is≥ùu 

hkd ° lreKq ksid tA flfrys ck;dj Wkka≥jla fkd olajhs' fï yd 

ii|k úg wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a udr®. yryd jvd M,∞hS 

m%;sM, ,nd.ekSu myiq ù ;sfí' iïu; wêlrK ls%hdj,shkag jvd 

wúêu;a l%fudamdhka kuHYS,S njla fmkajhs· tfia u jvd;a blau◊ka 

idOkSh m%;sM, ,nd °ug o iu;a fõ' tA uÛska wdrjq,a j,g fldgq ù 

isák mqoa.,hska iy ck fldgia w;r iqyo;dj ;yjqre ls¯ug o yelshdj 

,efí' 

fuu miqìu ;=< h" irKd.;hka i|yd jk tlai;a cd;Ska f.a 

fldñiu hgf;a §iduldó iy„jkh i|yd wdrïNhla hk f;audj uq,a 

lrf.k fuu wOHhkhg uq, mqrk ,oafoa' úúO ck fldgia w;r 

wjfndaOh yd tluq;=j ;yjqre ls¯u Wfoid ±kg mj;akd wdrjq,a fíreï 

ls¯fï iy .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a ls%hdudr®. y∫kd .ekSu 

tys wruqK fõ' fuu wOHhkhg my; i|yka lreKq úfYaIfhka b,lal 

ù ;sfí' 

Ú W;=re yd kef.kysr ishÆ †ia;%slalhka iy mq;a;,u o wdjrKh 

jk m˙† úIhdkqnoaO wOHhk uÛska ;yjqre jk whq˙ka ±kg 

mj;akd m%cd flakaø fldg.;a wr®nqo ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

l%fudamdhka ms


ue†y;a ùu 

f;jk mdr®Yajhla ^tll= fyda jeä .Kkla& mqoa.,hka fofokl= 

fyda Bg jeä ixLHdjla w;r yg.kakd u;fNao ksrdlrKh ls¯u i|yd 

b†˙m;aùu §ue†y;a ùfï l%fudamdh jYfhka ie,fla' fuys ° u;fNaohg 

iïnkaO ù isák mdr®Yajfhda Rcqj u tlsfkld yd idlÉPd mj;aj;s' 

woyia yqjudre lr.ks;s' myiqlï imhkakd f.a ldr®hhNdrh ù we;af;a 

w∞, mdr®YAjhka w;r ikaksfõokh myiq ls¯u" wr®nqohg uq,a ù we;s 

m%Odk lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ls¯u yd th ksrdlrKh ls¯u 

i|yd úl,amhka ksr®udKh ls¯u h' 

fíreï ls¯u 

fomdr®Yajfha u wkque;sh msg f;dard.;a ;Srlhl= úiska wdrjq,g lka 

° th ksrjq,a ls¯u fíreï ls¯u jYfhka y∫kajkq ,efí' ;=kafjks 

mdr®Yajhl wdOdrh fkd ue;sj mqoa.,hska fofokl= uqyqKg uqyqK ,d 

idlÉPd ls¯u úl,am l%uhls' 

Ú 

msgia;r ixúOdkhla úiska .u ;=< msysgqjkq ,nk wdh;k ^rdcH 

fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lr we;s idu lñgq hkd†h& .ug 

wdfõksl jQ wdh;k ^.%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s" uqia,sï m,a,s hkd†h& 

;;a ldr®hh i|yd fyda" wdh;ksl iajrEmfhka fyda mqkrd.; whq˙ka 

^.%dufiajl" mQcl ;ek hkd° jYfhka& mqoa.,hska úiska lghq;= 

ls¯u zhdka;%KZ .Khg jefÜ' fuu wOHhkh úiska yqf|la wúêu;a 

whq˙ka .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï l,dj muKla wjOdrKh fkd 

lrk w;r wfkl=;a úêu;a fyda wr®O úêu;a hdka;%Khka o 

ie,ls,a,g .kq ,efí' 

ñksiqka iajlSh wr®nqo fyda wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh lrkq ,nkafka flfia 

o hkak ms


1' fld


;j;a .egÆjls' wjidk jYfhka t,aààB ixúOdkfha md,khg k;= ù 

;sfnk fmfoiaj, m†xÑ uyck;dj f.ka f;dr;=re ,nd.ekSug fkd 

yels ùu wOHhkfha idr®:l;ajhg úYd, ndOdjla úh' t neúka fuu 

wOHhkh uÛska wkdjrKh l< yelsjQfha rcfha md,kh hgf;a mj;sk 

fmfoia mu◊' tys m%;sm,hla jYfhka fuu wOHhkh wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh 

ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Khla iïmdokh lr we;e hs lSu W.yg h' tfuka 

u b;d ldr®hlaIu hdka;%Khla ms


;j≥rg;a ú.%yhka 

m%cdj (- fuhska wr®:j;a jkafka yqfola tl u wd.ñl fyda jdr®.sl 

lKavdhula fkd fõ' thg lsishï m%foaYhl „j;a jk ishÆ m†xÑ lrejka 

we;=


.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

hdka;%Kh ms


.egÆ ksrdlrKh lr.ekSu i|yd Tjqkaf.a msysg m;;s' m%cdj flakaø 

fldg.;a fyda wka;r® jdr®.sl ysxikhg m%;spdr ±laùula jYfhka fyda 

ck fldgia iy m%dfoaYsh n,Od¯ka w;r ue†y;alrejl= jYfhka lghq;= 

ls¯u msksi m%foaYfha iuyr j.lsjhq;= mqoa.,fhda b†˙m;a fj;s' 


fï hgf;a úúOdldrfha wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh lrkq ,efí' mjq,a w;r 

wruqo,a ^.Dyia: ysxikh" u†rdndOh" foam, Wreuh hkd†h& .ï we;=


.egqï úi£fï úúO wúêu;a hdka;%K uÛska fkdfhla wdrjq,a 

úi|kq ,efí' 

udhsï wdrjq,a idudkHfhka .%du fiajl úi|hs' tfy;a yṡ yer ls¯ï 

jeks isoaëka wd.ñl ixúOdk" ldka;d jevigyka Ndrj lghq;= lrk 

m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" fyda t,aààB ixúOdkfha 

wjOdkhg fhduq lrkq ,efí' .egÆ ksrka;rfhka u mqoa.,hska 

fofokl=f.a iyNd.S;ajfhka ksrdlrKh flfr®' ñksiqka wdrjq,a 

ksrdlrKh i|yd fhd∞.kakd hdka;%K l,dmSh jYfhka fjkia 

iajrEmhla or;s' ;ukaf.a jdish ;ld wdrjq,lg fldgq jQ mṡ ia úúO 

l%fudamdhka wkq.ukh lr;s' úêu;a fyda wjêu;a jYfhka Tjqyq fjkila 

fkdolaj;s' 

wdrjq,lg iïnkaO jQ ms˙ia th úiπ .ekSu i|yd úúO mqoa.,hskaf.a 

fyda wdh;kj, iykh wfmalaId ls¯fï ° jdr®.sl;ajh" wd.u" .ïiNd 

i;= yelshdj" l=,h" wdrjqf,a iajNdjh" t,aààBfha n,h" fmd,Sish yd 

wêlrKfha iykh me;Su iy .fï iñ;s iud.ï flfrys jdr®.sl wr®nqoh 

n,md we;s whqre hkd° lreKq fnfyúka n,mdkq we;' ck;dj wdrjq,a 

úiπ .ekSfï hdka;%Khla f;dard.ekSfï° tA flfrys ;eìh yels yq≥ 

úYajdih mokï lrf.kh ;SrKhla .kq ,nkafka' wdrjq,a úi£fï 

wúêu;a ls%hdj,sh flfrys ukdmh olajkafka o" úêu;a hdka;%Khka 

Tjqkaf.a wjYH;d imqrd,Sug wfmdfydi;a jk njg Tjqka ;=< we;s 

úYajdih ksidu h' 

.egÆ iy wdrjq,a fjkia uqyqKqjrla ±¯u" t,aààBh ysi tiùu iy 

wr®nqoh fya;=fjka n,;=,kh fjkiaùu hkd° lreKq ksid iajlSh wdrjq,a 

úi|d .ekSu i|yd ljr hdka;%Khla iq≥iq o hkak f;dard .ekSfï ° 

igka úrdu .súiqfuka ck;djg úúO n,mEï is≥ ù we;' 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kfha idr®:l;ajh 

;lafiare ls¯u' 

hï m%foaYhl yg.;a lsishï iqúfYaI .egÆjla úiª mu◊ka u" tA 

i|yd fhd∞ .kakd ,o hdka;%Kh fmd≥fõ .egqï ksrdlrKh lr.ekSug 

iu;a l%uhla f,i ie,lsh fkd yels h' 

iuyr wjia:dj, .egÆj idr®:l whq˙ka úi∫jd úh yelshs' tfy;a 

úi£fï ° wkq..ukh l< l%shdudr®.h iy tys wjidk m%;sM,h" hqla;sh 

14


yd idOdrK;ajh ms


m%Yak ù ;sfí' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska úys≥jk ,o we;eï lñgq 

.egqï ksrdlrKfha ° wiu;a ù we;;a" m%cd wjYH;d imqrd,Sug iu;a ù 

we;s nj mr®fhaIK uÛska y∫kdf.k ;sfí' †ia;%slalh wkqj fuu ;;a;ajh 

fjkia fõ' iuyr rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ±kg .u ;=< ls%hd;aul 

fjñka mj;sk .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s" ldka;d iñ;s hkd†fha ks,Od¯ka 

fhd∞.ksñka kj lñgq msysgqj;s' wfkl=;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fmd≥ 

m%Yak iy wka;r® m%cd iïnkaO;d idlÉPd ls¯u i|yd ±kg .fï 

ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;sk ixúOdk fyda tAjdfha ksfhda‚;hska fhd∞.ks;s' 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska y∫kajd ° we;s lñgq yqfola iqΩ iqΩ 

.egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯ug iïnkaO jqjo" foaYmd,k yd jdr®.sl u;fNao 

yuqfjys miqnEulg ,laj we;' úfYaIfhka wdOdr imhk wdh;k iy 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska ia:dmkh lr we;s lñgq we;=Ω msg;ska 

y∫kajd ° we;s fjk;a wdh;kj, miqnEug m%Odk jYfhka iduh 

ia:dmkh ls¯fï ° we;s jk iqmqre≥ ≥Ialr;d" m%foaYfha ls%hd;aulj mj;sk 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, ≥r®j, ls%hdl,dmh iy wdOdr imhk wdh;k 

fj;ska we;s jk n,mEï iy wfmalaId hk lreKq ;=k fya;= ù we;s nj 

fidhd f.k ;sfí' 

fndfyda .egÆ cd;sjd° m%Yakj,g iïnkaO ù we;s ksid;a" tAjd 

°r®>ld,Sk wr.,j,g mdol ù we;s ksid;a" ljr wdldrfha fyda .egÆ 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï hdka;%K uÛska idr®:l m%;sm, ,nd.ekSu fnfyúka 

wmyiq ù ;sfí' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ;=< mj;akd .egÆ iy tu 

wdh;k ls%hd lrk wdldrh" msg;ska y∫kajd ° we;s wdh;k flfrys 

uy;a n,mEula we;s lrhs' tfia u rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk i;= ;ukaf.a 

u foaYmd,k yd iud„h kHdhm;%h iy w.;Ska fyda mQr®j úksYaphla 

^§ixjr®Ok ls%hdldrlï i|yd Tjqka wkq.ukh lrk m%;sm;a;sj,ska 

fuh ukdj ;yjqre fõ'& ksid ;;a;ajh ;j;a W.% ù ;sfí' 

jvd;a ;d;aúl yd ,sÅ; jHdmD;s fyda läkï wjYH;d fjkqjg yqfola 

wdOdr ,eîug iq≥iq h úYajdi lrk jevigyka fyda jHdmD;s muKla 

f;dard.ekSug rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fm,ö isá;s' thg fya;= ù 

we;af;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj,g msg;ska ,efnk wdOdr u; /£ 

isàug is≥ùu h' 

furg rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk m%isoaêfha mjik foa;a" m%dfhda.slj 

Tjqka fj;ska is≥jk foa;a w;r fjkila olakg we;' we;eï rdcH fkdjk 

ixúOdk ;=< Rcq Ndjh iy iudc j.lSu olakg ke;' ksor®Ykhla 

jYfhka rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla úiska m;a lrk ,o lñgqjlska 

16


;%sl=Kdu, m%foaYfha tla;rd isoaêhla idr®:lj ksrjq,a l< njg l< 

m%ldYh mqiaila ù we;s nj fidhd f.k we;' fndfyda isoaêkaj, ° rdcH 

fkdjk ixúOdk lshk lrk foa w;r úYd, fjkila olakg we;s w;r 

Tjqyq yqfola ;u ls%hdldrlï w;sYfhdala;sfhka y~k.d lSug mqre≥ ù 

isá;s' .egqï ksrdlrKfha ° msg;ska y∫kajd ° we;s hdka;%K wiu;aù 

;sfí' iduh W∞ lr,Sfï ldr®hfha ° wfmalaIdfjka iy m%ó;Ska wkjYH 

f,i mrudor®YS uÜgñka Wml,amkh ls¯u fuhg m%Odk fya;=j ù we;' 

wdOdr imhk wdh;k furg rdcH ixúOdkj, lghq;= jvd;a m¯laIdjg 

,la lrkafka kï tuÛska idOkSh m%;sM, ,nd.ekSug yelsjkq we;' 

.egqï ksrdlrKh i|yd msg;ska y∫kajd ° we;s wdh;k i;= wvqmdvq 

;snqK o" tAjdfhka ie,fik fiajh iqΩ fldg ;elsh fkd yels h' 

17


1' ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

ms


f.or f∞fr® is≥jk idmrdë fkdjk ysxik ls%hd ^ldka;djka yd 


meñK m†xÑ ù isák mjq,a iy .fïu mjq,a w;r we;s j wdrjq,la 

jYfhka wr®;l:kh l< yels h' tn∫ wdrjq,a tu iajrEmfhka u wfkla 

m%foaY lrdo me;s¯ug bvlv we;' 

1'2 .egqï ksrjq,a ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kfha wjOdkhg .egÆ 

,lajkafka flfia o@ 

fmd≥ ±kqu ( 

.ïj, .egÆ iy wdrjq,a idudkH isoaëka fõ' tfy;a yqfola lgl;d 

ksid tAjd oi; jHdma; fõ' .fï wd.ñl ia:dk" lvidmamq" m%cd uOHia:dk 

iy uqyq≥ fjr, m%cd f;dr;=re yqjudre uOHia:dk fuka u .egÆ 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï uOHia:dk o fõ' f.orl is≥ jk wmpdr ls%hdjla" 

.ï jeishkaf.a wjOdkhg ,laùu iq,n isoaêhls' 

jdÑl yd ,sÅ; meñ◊,s 

.eñfhda ;u .egÆ jdÑl fyda ,sÅ; whq˙ka bvlv i,id we;s m˙† 

wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh fj; fhduq lr;s' uqia,sï 

foajia:dkj, ls%hd;aul jk lñgq jdÑl meñ◊,s ndr f.k tAjd b†˙m;a 

ls¯ug lghq;= i,i;s' iuyr wd.ñl wdh;k meñ◊,s ,sÅ;j b†˙m;a 

lrk f,i Wmfoia fo;s' 

wdrjq,a fhduqls¯u 

úêu;a fyda wúêu;a wdh;k yryd .egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

hdka;%Kh fj; wdrjq,a fhduq l< yels h' ksoiqkla jYfhka idmrdë 

fkdjk ls%hd fmd,Sish úiska m%foaYfha ls%hd;aul jk .ï iNdj fj; 

fhduq lrkq ,efí' fÈa;% ks,Od¯yq o fuu ls%hd∞uh wkq.ukh lr;s' 

1'3 .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh uÛska wdrjq, 

iïnkaOfhka ls%hd lrkafka flfia o@ 

úur®YKh iy m¯laIKh 

meñ◊,a,la ,o úg .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Khg 

iïnkaO idud‚lfhda tA .ek m¯laId lr n,;s' w∞, mdr®Yajhkag 

20


le|ùula lrk w;r" wjYH ;kays° Tjqka yuqùug hkq we;' .Dyia: 

wdrjq,a úi£ug lñgq idud‚lhska lSm fofkla muKla iyNd.S fj;s' tA 

ryiH;dj wdrlaId ls¯fï wfmalaIdfjks' 

mdr®Yajhka le|ùu 

m¯laIKhla i|yd fyda fomdr®Yajh tlsfkld uqK.iajd wr®nqoh 

ksrdlrKq jia" w∞, mdr®Yajhka le|jkq ,efí' 

ueoy;aùu fyda fíreï ls¯u 

fomlaIh uqK.iajd Tjqka w;r idlÉPd meje;aùug myiqlï ie,iSu 

uÛska tlÛ;ajhla lrd f.k tAu fyda .egqï ksrjq,a ls¯fï wúêu;a 

hdka;%Kh úiska u úi∫ula ksr®udKh fldg mdr®Yajhka fj; b†˙m;a 

lrkq ,efí' 

;SrKhla .ekSfuka miq u;= jk úl,amhka 

;SrKhlg t


iïnkaO jQ mdr®Yajhka iafjda;aiyfhka .egÆj ,syd.ekSug fm


wdrjqf,a iajNdjh 

t,aààBh iïnkaO wdrjq,a 

jd˙udr®. 

ikakoaO yuq∞ wvx.= 

wdrjq,a 

lDIslr®u 

ëjr .egÆ 

iykh wfmalaId lrk ,o uQ,sl 

hdka;%K 

t,aààB" idu lñgq" wd.ñl lñgq 

iy kdhlhska" fmd,Sish" yuq∞j" 

foaYmd,k{hska" udkj ysñlï 

lñgqj" Y%S ,xld igka úrdu lñgqj 

.%dufiajl" c, tAcka;" t,aààBh 

yuq∞j" idu lñgq" wd.ñ lñgq iy 

kdhlhska" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" 

foaYmd,k{hska" udkj ysñlï 

lñgqj" Y%S ,xld igka úrdu lñgqj 

.%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s" m%cd uOHia:dk" 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjd 

we;s m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk" rdcH 

fkdjk ixúOdk iy .%dufiajl 

ëjr iñ;s" ëjr iuQmldr iñ;s" 

.%dufiajl" wd.ñl lñgq iy m%cd 

uOHia:dk 

;u wNs,dIhka bgq lr .ekSu i|yd wdrjq,aj,g ue† jQ mṡ ia úúO 

l%fudamdhka fj; keUqreùu iq,n or®Ykhls' 

1'5 ljqreka fj; hd hq;= oehs ck;dj ;Skaoq lrkafka flfiao@ 

w;Dma;shg m;a mdr®Yajhka irK m;d l=uk hdka;%K fj; m%úYag 

jkafka o hkak ;SrKh lrkq ,nk idOl kï ( wdrjqf,a iajNdjh" 

wêld¯ n,h iy .fï lñgq i;= Yla;sh" mdr®Yaj lrejkaf.a jdr®.sl;ajh 

iy wd.u" t,aààBfha n,mEu" fmd,sia iy wêlrK ls%hdj,shg msúiSu" 

iy m%dfoaYsh iudc foaYmd,k miqìu flfrys .egqu uÛska is≥ lrk 

n,mEï hkd†hhs' 

fï lreKq fjka fjka jYfhka my; úia;r lr ;sfí' 

fmd,Sish iy wêlrK ls%hdj,sh fj; msúiSu 

fuu wdh;k úYd, jYfhka kd.˙l miqìulg ue† ù isák fyhska 

.eñ ck;dj irK fidhd tA fj; hdug ue,slula olajhs' .ukd.uk 

wjysr;d" kvqlSu i|yd jeh jk wêl uqo,a m%udKhka" ¥IKh" kvq 

23


f.dv.eiS ;sîu yd l,a .;jk wêlrK ls%hdj,sh .eñ ck;dj kvq 

u.g fkdhEug ;=vq fok idOlfhda h' 

wdrjqf,a iajrEmh 

mjqf,a wdrjq,a m%cdj ;=< ° u wd.ñl lñgqj, wëlaIKhg ,lafõ' 

bvï wdrjq,a iïnkaOfhka w∞, mdr®Yaj .%dufiajl fyda fjk;a ksis 

n,Od¯ka fj; fhduqfj;s' 

.ïiNd i;= Yla;sh 

msg;ska mjq,a meñK m†xÑùu ksid uq,a iajrEmh fjkia jQ .ïj, .ï 

iNd fj; wdrjq,aj,g iïnkaO mdr®Yajhkaf.a meñ”u ≥,n h' m%foaYfha 

kdhlhska úiska mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk lñgq fuka fkd j ndysr 

jYfhka ia:dmkh lrk ,o lñgqj, iqcd; Ndjh iy wêld¯ n,h 

^jvd;a mqΩ,a whq˙ka ksfhdackh ù ;snqK o& W!K neúka jvd jeo.;a 

lreKq j, ° tAjdg fldka ù isàug is≥ ù ;sfí' ^4 jeks fldgi n,kak& 

jdr®.sl;ajh iy wd.u 

.egqul mdr®Yaj lrejka ukdmh m< lrk hdka;%Kh ie,lsh hq;= 

m%udKhlg jdr®.sl;ajh yd wd.u hk lreKq fj;ska ;SrKh fõ' fou< 

ck;dj fmd,Sish fj; hkjd fjkqjg t,aààBh fj; hEu;a" uqia,sï 

ck;dj ;u foajia:dk lñgqj fj; irK fidhd hEu;a ksor®Yk jYfhka 

±laúh yels h' isxy, ck;djg fmd,Sish iy yuq∞j yqre mqre≥ ;eka h' 

mjqf,a m%Yakj, ° w∞, mqoa.,hska ;j ksfhda‚;hskaf.a msysg m;kq we;' 

t,aààB ksfhdackfha m%n,;ajh 

rcfha md,kh mj;sk fmfoiaj, wdrjq,g ue†jQ fou< ckhd 

t,aààBfha foaYmd,k ldr®hd, fj; irK m;d h;s' fuhg fya;= jYfhka 

Tjqka fmkajd fokafka fmd,Sisfha idr®:l;ajh iy Rcq Ndjh flfrys 

úYajdih ;eìh fkdyels nj iy NdIdj ms


m%foaYfha iudc - foaYmd,k miqìu flfrys wr®nqofhka w;s jk n,mEu 

ck;dj ;j;a wr®nqohlg uqyqK ≥ka wdldrfhka u" bkamiq mekkÛsk 

isoaëka flfrys úúOdldrfhka m%;spdrh olajhs' iykh wfmlaId lrhs' 

ksor®Ykhla jYfhka" 1995g fmr hdmk ck;dj ;u wdrjq,a iïnkaOfhka 

t,aààBfha ueosy;aùu wfmalaId l< y' tfy;a hdmkh yuq∞jg hg;a 

ùfuka miq Tjqyq yuq∞j foig keUqre jQ y' tfia;a ke;akï wúêu;a 

hdka;%K flfrys úYajdih ;enQ y' 

igka úrdu .súiqu ls%hd;aul ùu;a iuÛu hdmk jeisfhda úYd, 

f,i t,aààBh fj; iykh m;d meñ◊h y' iudch wjq,g m;aj" ì£hEu 

ksid" ck;dj idïm%∞hsl iudc ikaOdk fj; keUqre jQ w;r" l,ska 

fuka fkdj .fï m%OdkSka iy .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s jeks m%cd ixúOdk 

fj; Wmldr m;d hEu wvqjkakg úh' 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh fj;ska iykh 

,nd.ekSug fm


2' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

hdka;%K 

2'1 rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o idulñgq 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk /ila iduh we;s ls¯fï lghq;=j, ksr;j 

isá;s' fudjqka f.ka nyq;rhla wdOdr imhk ixúOdkj, wkq.%yfhka 

msysgqjk ,o tAjd fõ' idu lghq;=j, ksr; rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska 

msysgqjk ,o idu lñgq jeäy˙hla u .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

ls%hdj,sfha u ksr;j fkdisák w;r iduh ms


lKavdhï iy b;ṡ ls¯fï lKavdhï hkd†fhka iukaú; h' ks;r u 

mdfya rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska Tjqka l,ska msysgqjk ,o lñgq iy 

.ï m%foaYfha wksl=;a lñgq tAldnoaO lrñka uOHu lñgqjla msysgqjkq 

,nhs' tAjd m%cd .egÆ úi£ug Wmld¯ fjhs' ;u ldr®h m:hg msáka" 

yuq∞j iuÛ iïnkaO fjk lghq;= o tau lñgq úiska lrkq ,n;s' 

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, fÈa;% ks,Od¯yq fÈa;%fha .egÆ ;u 

ixúOdk fj; fhduq lr;s' rd;%s ld,fha ;u fndaÜgq ;ykï fmfoilg 

hd;%d ls¯fuka miq ëjr ldr®ñlhska /ila m%foaYfha rdcH fkdjk 

ixúOdkfha ue†y;aùu u; Y%S ,xld kdúl yuq∞ n,Od¯ka fj;ska tu 

fndaÜgq uq∞ .ekSug iu;a jQ y' 

2'3 foaYSh lñgq 

mr®fhaIlhska ixpdrh l< fndfyda .ï fmfoiaj, .%du ixjr®Ok 

iñ;s" ldka;d .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s" ù j.dls¯fï iñ;s" ldka;d lñgq" 

fj


fï lñgq fohdldrhlska wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï úêu;a hdka;%Kh 

ls%hd;aul lrñka isà' tkï" .ï fmfoiaj, we;s jk ysxikhg fyda 

wka;r® jdr®.sl ysxikhg m%;spdrhla jYfhka iy m


lf;da,sl m,a,sh 

ck;d wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï,d lf;da,sl m,a,sh úYsIag fiajdjla 

bgq lrhs' m,a,sh i;= mqΩ,a iudc mokula o we;' wd.ñl lghq;= yereK 

úg" .fï m,a,sfha mQcl ;=ud ;u m%foaYfha ne;su;=kaf.a ck „ú;hg 

b;d iómj lghq;= lrkakl= jYfhka f.!rjdorhg m;aj isáhs' 

úfYaIfhka" hdmk wr®Ooaùmfha mqoa.,hska w;=reoykaùfï yd w;a wvx.=jg 

m;aùfï isoaëka f.ka miq tys ìfIdmajre ck;d ≥la.ekú,s ms


2'5 wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kfhys ksr;j isák 

mqoa.,hska iy ks,Od¯ka 

we;eï mqoa.,hska" úfYaIfhka ck;d f.!rjhg ,laj isák .fï 

m%OdkSka rdcH ks,Od¯ka iy t,aààB idud‚l ms˙ia wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yiqrejñka isá;s' 

iuyr .eñhka m%foaYfha wd.ñl kdhlhska" ú≥y,am;s jreka" 

foaYmd,k mlaI ixúOdhlhska" jHdmd˙lhska iy ydïmq;=ka ue†y;a ù 

wdrjq,a úi|k wjia:d o ke;af;a fkd fõ' 

.%dufiajl 

hï m%cdjla ;=< idmrdë fkdjk .egÆ iy wdrjq,a fhduq flfrk 

uq,au n,Od˙hd .%dufiajl fõ' wi,a jeishka iïnkaO wdrjq,a" udhsï 

iy bvï wdrjq,a iy mjqf,a m%Yak Tyq fj; fhduq flfr®' .ï lSmhl 

rdcld¯ wdjrKh lrk .%dufiajlhska ck;djg ióm fkdùu ksid" 

Tjqka fj; wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï isoaëka fhduqjkafka b;d u| jYfhks' 

wfkl=;a rdcH ks,Od¯ka 

fmd,sia ks,Od¯ka" c, tAcka;jreka" iuDoaê ks,Od¯ka iy iud∞k 

úksYaph lrejka fj; Tjqka hg;g jefgk lreKq iïnkaOfhka ;Ska≥ 

,nd.ekSu i|yd hEu idudkH iṡ ; ù we;' iuyr wjia:dj, fuu 

ks,Od¯yq o wúêu;a l%fudamdhka yryd .egÆ j,g úi∫ï ,nd fo;s' 

bvï wdrjq,a fmd,Sisfha ue†y;a ùfuka ksrjq,a jk wjia:d o we;' t,aààB 

we;=Ω .fï fjk;a ixúOdk fj; meñ◊,s fhduq flfrk isoaëka o 

ke;af;a fkd fõ' 

t,aààBh 

igka úrdu .súiqu w;aika ls¯fuka miq yd t,aààBh rcfha md,kh 

mj;sk m%foaYj, foaYmd,k ldr®hd, újD; ls¯u;a iuÛ u ck;dj ;u 

wdrjq,a úiπ .ekSu i|yd Tjqka fj; we° h;s' .Dyia: ysxikh ms

Y%S ,xld igka úrdu .súiqu 


Y%S ,xld igka úrdu lñgqfõ ks,Od¯yq wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï úêu;a 

ls%hd∞uhka ys ksr; fj;s' fuu lñgqfõ m%Odk ldr®hhNdrh jkqfha 

igka úrdu wêlaIKh ls¯u;a" tys fldkafoais W,a,x>kh flfrk wjia:d 

m˙laId lr jdr®;d ls¯u;a h' wdrjq,a j,g jeo.;a jk fuu lñgqj rch" 

t,aààBh iy m%cd kdhlhska w;r meje;afjk idlÉPdj,g myiqlï 

i,iajkakl= jYfhka lghq;= lrhs' 

2'6 t,aààBh úiska wdrïN lr we;s wúêu;a lñgq ±kqj;a 

ls¯fï t,aààB lKavdhï 

t,aààBh fun∫ lKavdhï hdmkfha msysgqjd we;' .ï uÜgñka iudc 

iy ixialD;sl lghq;= j, ° úOdk ksl=;a lrk njg jdr®;d jqKd ñi" 

fuu lñgq wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï ,d ls%hdlrk njla fuh ,shk wjia:dfõ 

° ks¯laIKh fkd ù h' fkdfnda∞ fydrlï rdYshla iy lismamq fm¯u 

iïnkaOfhka pdjdlÉfÉ˙fha ° §±kqj;a ls¯fï /iaùula t,aààBh 

ixúOdkh lf


3' l,dmSh iy iudc úIu;d 

wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh i;= jgdmsgdj tys 

ls%hdld¯;ajh flfrys fnfyúka n,mdhs' tu hdka;%Kfha meje;au" 

wkkH;dj" ls%hdj,sh iy idr®:l;ajh úúO l,dmSh iy iudc idOlhka 

u; rπ mj;S' my; i|yka m˙† †ia;s%la m˙Éf√o uÛska úia;r lr we;' 

3'1 wr®nqo flfrys l,dmSh n,mEu 

we;eï fÈa;%hka flfrys wr®nqoh ;=


±lajQ f.!rjh mṡ yS we;' tneúka wfkl=;a rcfha md,kh hgf;a 

mj;akd fmfoiaj,g idfmalaIj hdmk ck;dj iajlSh .egÆ 

ksrdlrKh i|yd t,aààBh lrd


3'3 wdrjq,a j, iajNdjh iy th ksrdlrKh ls¯u 

fï flfrys m%foaYfha ck;dj fuka u foaYmd,kh fj;ska o fnfyúka 

n,mEï is≥ fõ' mdr®,sfïka;= uka;%Sjreka" weu;sjreka fyda t,aààBh 

fj; ck;dj ;u m%Yak úiπ,Su i|yd ksrka;rfhka keUqre fjhs' tA 

wkqj wj;eka jQ mqoa.,hska ;u .egÆ úiπ.ekSu i|yd" ;u m%foaYfha 

uka;S% jrhd fj; hEu mq;a;,u †ia;%slalh ;=< iq,n isoaêhla ù ;sfí' 

.ïj, „j;a jk iqΩ ck fldgia" tys nyq;rh úiska wdrïN lr we;s 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh uÛska ;u wdrjq,a úiπ .ekSug fm


w;awvx.=jg .ekSï we;=Ω wkH lreKq j,° tAjdg iïnkaO jQ jeishka 

ms


4' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

ls%hdj,sfha idr®:l;ajh 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï idr®:l wjia:d ;lafiare ls¯fï ° b;d 

jeo.;a .egÆ lSmhla fuu wOHhkfha ° y∫kd .ekSug yels úh' flá 

ld,Sk wOHhkhla ;=< wvx.= l%ufõoh yd iïnkaê; .egÆ" iuia;hla 

jYfhka m%cdjg idfmalaIj .;a l," ixlSr®K iajrEmhla orhs' tA yereK 

úg wúêu;a hdka;%Kh uÛska wdrjq,a úi|d,Sfï idr®:l wjia:d y∫kd 

.; yels jqj o" tAjd .egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯fï fmd≥ m%ñ;Ska jYfhka 

wjYHfhka u ie,lsh fkd yels h' 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh úIhfhys ,d jeo.;ajk" .fï kdhl;ajh i;= 

ldr®hhNdrh" iy foaYmd,kh" foaYmd,kh ;=


4'1 .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh i|yd m%ñ;Ska 

.egqula" §idr®:l whq˙ka ksrdlrKh lr ;sfí o hkak ks.ukh 

lrkq ,nkafka flfia o@ fuh .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯u wOHhkh ls¯fï 

uQ,sl wjYH;djls' .egqug fldgq ù isák mqoa.,hska iEySug m;ajk 

whq˙ka .egÆ ksrdlrKh lrk ,o wjia:djka .Kkdjla u fidhd .ekSug 

fÈa;% lghq;= j, ° yels úh' wdrjq,a iïnkaOfhka idr®:l whq˙ka ls%hd 

lr we;;a" tAjd b†˙ m%ñ;Ska f,i wkq.ukh l< yels njla fkd fmfka' 

fCIa;% mr®fhaIKhka ys ° yuq jQ isoaêkaj, m˙kduh iy tAjd ;=


m%foaYfha tla mqoa.,hl= f.a îu;alu ksid we;s jQ ynhl ° tu m%foaYfha 

.ï iNd n,Od¯ka tu mqoa.,hdg .fuka m,jd y˙k njg ;r®ckh 

ls¯fï isoaêh fuhg ksor®Ykhla jYfhka ±laúh yels h' idOdrK;ajh 

ms


th ynhl mdr®Yajlrejkag ;u wNsu;h m˙† ls%hdls¯fï ksoyi 

fkd ue;s ùu fyda úi∫ï ,nd°fï ls%hdj,sh iy tys m%;sM,hg tfrysj 

hEug w;Dma;shg m;a mqoa.,hdg bv m%ia:dj fkd ue;s ùu h' 

Ú mdr®Yajhka ksis m˙† ksfhdackh fkdùu' 

wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï hdka;%Khg we;eï mdr®Yajhka fyda mqoa.,hka 

iyNd.s lrjd fkd .ekSu ksid bka ,efnk wjidk ;SrKh ir®j iïmQr®K 

fkd jkq we;' ldka;djkag uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqjg iyNd.s ùug 

fkd yels ùu yd ksfhda‚;hska f;ā fï ldr®hhg ∞hl ùug fkd ,eîu 

ksid Tjqka f.a wdrjq,a ie,ls,a,g Ndckh ù o yd tAjd ksis whq˙ka 

úi|kq ,enqfõ o hkak ms


l,ska i|yka l< m˙† hdmkfha we;eï fmfoiaj, idïm%∞hsl 

kdhl;ajhg tA ;rï ms


ixúOdk ue,slula olaj;s' t,aààBh iy tys wkq.dñlhska w;r mek 

k.sk wr®nqo yqfola Tjqfkdjqka úiska u úi|d .; hq;=j we;' 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh igka úrdu .súiqu 

w;aika ls¯u;a iuÛ u wvmK úh' Y%S ,xld ikakoaO yuq∞j we;=Ω" 

BmSãmS" fgf,da iy maf,dÜ jeks wdh;k hï ;rulg fyda .egqï 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï lghq;=j, ksr;j isá uq;a" th ±ka m˙ydkshg m;aj 

we;' yuq∞j iy t,aààBh w;r ueoy;a ùfï ls%hd∞uhl ksr;j isá 

mqrjeis lñgq ±ka wls%h ù we;' 

t†˙jd≥lï w;aysgqùu ksid iuyr wjia:dj, fun∫ ;;a;ajhla u;= 

ù we;' uq;=r® m%foaYfha iuhdka;r idu lñgqj lvdjeàug m%Odk fya;=j 

jQfha t,aààBfha n,mEuhs' .ïuÜgfï wdrjq,aj,g foaYmd,k{hska 

ue†y;aùu yd tu wjia:djka j,ska whq;= m%fhdack ,nd.ekSu yd ysxidjd° 

ls%hdjkag wkqn,°u iïnkaOfhka úúO fpdaokd t,a, jqj o" tAjd ;yjqre 

ls¯ug ;rï idlaIs fidhd .ekSug mr®fhaIlhskag wmyiq úh' tfy;a 

ysxidjd° ls%hdjka u;=ùfuka miq foaYmd,khska ue†y;a ù fmd,Sish iy 

yuq∞j ,jd tAjd iuyka ls¯ug m%h;ak ±¯fï wjia:d nyq, ù ;sfí' 

flfia jqj o foaYmd,k{hska wr®nqoj,g Rcqj u jeo.;a ùu ksid wr®nqo 

ksrdldrKfhys fh° isák .ï kdhlhska f.a n,h ySk ù ;sfí' 

4'4 ndysr ixúOdk úiska ia:dmkh lrk ,o .egqï ksrdlrKh 

ls¯fï hdka;%K 

ndysr ixúOdk úiska ia:dmkh lr we;s .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï 

hdka;%K iy tAjd mokï ù we;s idOl iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a m%Yak u;= 

ù we;s nj fÈa;% mr®fhaIKj,ska fy


idu lñgq rcfha ksfhda‚; wdh;khla f,i ie,fla' msg;ska wdOdr 

,nk hdka;%Khkag ;sridr meje;aula fkd ue;' ixfõ°;djla fyda 

Wkka≥jla fkd ;sîu fuhg fya;=j jYfhka fndfyda fokd fmkajd ° 

we;' foaYmd,k miqìñka we;sjk mSvkh" wNHka;r foaYmd,k úIu;d" 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj,ska iy wdOdr imhk wdh;kj,ska °r®>ld,Sk 

jYfhka wdOdr fkd ,eîu iy my; i|yka lreKq o fjk;a fya;= 

jYfhka ols; yels h' 

m%cdj mokï lr.;a ixúOdk fuka" msg;ska wdOdr ,nk ixúOdkj, 

idud‚lhska o .ï uÜgñka f;dard .kq ,nkafka kï" tAjdfha ;sridr 

meje;aug th fya;= jkq we;' rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o 

hdka;%K m%;slafIam l< njla fyda ms


wjia:dj, wjYHfhka u bgq l< hq;= foa meyer y˙ñka" wdOdr ,nd 

.ekSug yels jk whq˙ka iajlSh jHdmdr ilia ls¯ug fuu rdcH fkd 

jk ixúOdk fmd


.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

hdka;%Kh ms


bvï ms


hdka;%Kh fnfyúka iu;a fõ' fndfyda úg l,yhlg ;=vq fkd 

fok wdrjq,a idr®:l wkaoñka úi|kq ,nk uq;a foaYmd,ksl yd 

jdr®.sl .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ,d wúêu;a hdka;%Kh wiu;a ù 

isà' 

Ú 

fuys m%;sm,hla jYfhka wúêu;a hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a ls¯u iy 

wÆ;a hdka;%K ìys ls¯u i|yd wdOdr imhk wdh;k iy iduh 

f.dvkeÛSfï ldr®hfha ksr;j isák ixúOdk úiska ls%hdls¯u wjYH 

ù ;sfí' rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska ia:dmkh lrk ,o idu 

lñgq yd ixjr®Ok lñgq wdidr®:l ùug u.mE≥fKa jHdmD;s ie,iqï 

ls¯fï uq,a wjêfha ° u h' tA nj fÈa;%fha lrk ,o mr®fhaIK j, 

° ;yjqre ù ;sfí' ck;d wjYH;d wjfndaO lr .ekSug fkd yels 

ùu iy iduh f.dvkeÛSfï m%dfhda.sl fkd jk wfmalaId we;s 

lr.ekSu fuhg ;j;a fya;=jls' 

idu lñgq yd ixjr®Ok lñgq k.d isgqùu i|yd wdOdr imhk wdh;k 

b†˙m;a fkd ùu iy tu lñgqj, kshq;= fiajlhskag m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla 

,nd fkd °u .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï hdka;%Kfha meje;aug úYd, 

jYfhka n,md we;' ck;djg fnfyúka ióm ù isák lf;da,sl m,a,sh 

iy uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq jeks .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wdh;kj,g 

uQ,H wdOdr iemhSu wjYH fkd fõ' m%foaYfha foaYmd,k ls%hdld¯ka 

isàu fyda fkd isàu fuka u m%dfoaYSh kdhl;ajfha iajrEmh u; fuu 

wdh;kj, idr®:l;ajh uQ,sl jYfhka rπ mj;S' fojkqj fuu wdh;k 

mjq,a wdrjq,a" udhsï .egqï yd uqo,a .kqfokq ms


k.disgqùu i|yd lghq;= lrkq we;e hs is;sh yels h' me;sr mj;akd 

;;a;ajhka ie,ls,a,g fkd f.k yqfola Wiia wruqKq b,lal lr.ekSu;a 

h:Dr®;hg msgqmd we;eï idu lñgq msáka f.kú;a §w;ye¯u ksid;a 

idu lñgq jHdmdrhg fkd keiS isàug fkd yels úh' tA ksid th 

Yla;su;a mokula u; ia:dmkh ls¯u wjYH fõ' 

jHdmD;shl idr®:l;ajh rπmj;skqfha th b,lal lr.;a wruqKq 

idlaId;a lr.ekSfï yelshdj u; h' 

m%foaYfha wjYH;d ;lafiare ls¯u 

ndysr jevigyka flfrys m%cdj Wkka≥j olajkafka yqfola ixjr®Ok 

wdOdr ,nd.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjks' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

ls%hdms


wdOdr imhk wdh;k" foaYSh rdcH fkd jk wdh;k iy m%cdjka 

w;r ikaksfõokh 

.fï" m


W;=re kef.kysr m


hdmkh †ia;%slalh ms


Ú 

Ú 

.ïiNd ( .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s $ m%cd uOHia:dk hkd†h 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o ixjr®Ok lñgq 

mqoa.,hska úiska wúêu;a hdka;%K yryd .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯u 

hdmk †ia;%slalfha is≥jk .egqï ms


ìfIdma 

;=ud 

kdhl mQcl uvq,a, 

óiu Ndr msh;=ud 

mQcd 

fmd≥ ck yeÛSfuka hq;=j mqoa., jYfhka fyda lñgq yryd ls%hd ls¯fï lKavdhï 

1995 jifr® ° wdrlaIl yuq∞j úiska hdmkh w;am;a lr .ekSfuka 

miqj jeä jYfhka n,Od¯ka yuq ù idlÉPd ls¯u ms◊i úúO lñgq 

wdrïN úh' tfy;a ksfhda‚;hska f.a ysÛlu ksid wdrïN ls¯ug yelsjQfha 

yqfola lñgq folla mu◊' tkï lf;da,sl m,a,sh úiska msysgqjk ,o 

hqla;sh yd iduh i|yd jQ lñgqj iy hdmk wr®Ooaùmfha m%Odk wd.ñl 

ksfhda‚;hska f.ka iukaú; iduh iy fyd|ys; i|yd jQ mqrjeis iNdjhs' 

fïjd ±ka fndfyda ≥rg wl%Sh ù we;' ±kg tu lñgq igka úrdu .súiqu 

ls%hd;aul ls¯u" wê wdrlaIl l,dm" ikakoaO yuq∞ úiska bvï yd 

wfkl=;a foam, m†xÑj isàu iy isiqka úiska yr®;d,a jHdmdr ixúOdk 

ls¯fï ° W∞jk ;;a;ajhkag yuq∞fjka is≥ úh yels m%;sl%shd je


rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjd we;s ixjr®Ok lñgq 

iuyr wdrjq,a iy .egÆ foaYsh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk fyda Tjqka 

úiska ia:dmkh lr we;s lñgq fj; fhduq flfr®' fuh yqfola b|ysg 

is≥jkakls' ksor®Ykhla jYfhka" ldka;d iy ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh 

mjik wdldrhg we;eï mjqf,a fyda .Dyia; .egÆ m%:ufhka .ï 

iNdjg;a" fÈa;% ks,Od¯kag;a" miqj Tjqka f.a udr®.fhka rdcH fkd jk 

ixúêkhg;a fhduq lrk nj fmkajd †h yels h' ldka;djla ish ieñhdg 

fkdokajd rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkhl udisl /iaùïj,g iyNd.Sùu 

ksid we;s jQ wdrjq,la iïnkaOfhka iduh f.dvkeÛSfï ldr®hfhys 

ksr; fjk;a rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkhla ue†y;a jQ wjia:djla .ek o 

jdr®;d fõ' 

2' idïm%∞hsl kdhl;ajfha fjkiaùï 

.ï m


Tjqka my;a hhs iïu; l=,j,g wh;a mqoa.,hska mjd ;u ixúOdkhg 

iïnkaO lr .ekSuhs' 

wfkla †ia;%slalj, fuka fkd j" .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

ls%hdms


igka úrdu .súiqu ls%hd;aul ùfuka miq hqla;sh yd iduh i|yd jQ 

fldñiu iy iduh yd fyd|ys; i|yd jQ mqrjeis iNdj wls%h ;;a;ajhg 

m;ajqj o isiq úfrdaO;d ueãug yuq∞j iy fmd,Sish ls%hd lrk wjia:djka 

ys °" tu wdh;k ls%hd;aul úh' igka úrdu .súiqu ls%hd;aul ùu ksid 

úfYaIfhka .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh iïnkaOfhka 

hdmk wr®Ooaùmfha ikakoaO ixúOdk wf;a mej;s n, ;=,kh ±ä 

fjkilg Ndckh úh' lhsÜia ¥mf;a ia:dms;j ;snQ BmSãmS wdêm;Hh 

wNdjhg f.dia t,aààB n,h wdfoaY úh' ck;dj ish .egÆ ksrdlrKh 

lr.ekSu i|yd ksi.fhka u t,aààB h foig keUqre úh' 

4' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a ls%hdms


jdr®;d.; whq˙ka lghq;= ls¯u iy ´kE u fõ,djl yuq ù myiqfjka 

wjq, fírd .ekSug yelsùu jeks lreKq ksid" uyck;dj t,aààB h 

jvd;a ms%h lrhs' 

kS;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯fï ° t,aààB h ,nd we;s ckms%h;djh" t,aààB 

igka ldñhl= fufia úia;r lrhs' § ñksiqkag wms úYajdihs· Tjqka wm 

flfr® úYajdih ;nd ;sfnkjd' wms l;d lrk fldg Tjqka ksYaYíoj 

isákjd' 

fmd,Sish iy .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ka úiska meñ◊,s lrejkag t,aààB 

h fj; hEug Wmfoia fok wjia:d o ke;af;a fkd fõ' 

4'2 wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yryd .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï t,aààB h i;= 

ldr®hlaIu;dj ms


hqj, ;uka fj; le|jd lreKq úNd. ls¯u t,aààB h wkq.ukh lrk 

tla ls%hdudr®.hls' 

m%isoaêfha ldka;djkag ys˙yer ls¯u iïnkaOfhka iellrejka 

§w;awvx.=j f.k r|jd ;nd Wmfoia °fuka miq ksoyia ls¯u t,aààB 

fha hqla;sh mis|,Sfï ;j;a wjia:djla fia ie,fla' 

t,aààB fha m˙md,kh hgf;a ksoyfia ie˙ie¯ug ldka;djkag bv 

ie,iS we;s w;r Tjqka f.a wdrlaIdj o ;yjqre ù ;sfí' 

iudch ms


mejiQ y' Y%S ,xld rcfha iy t,aààB fha oaú;aj m˙md,kh hgf;a tl 

yd iudk wjidk ;Ska≥ fkd ,efí' tlu .egÆj fmd,Sish iy t,aààB 

h fj; fhEuq l< úg" fmd,Sish tA ms


wjia:d o ke;af;a fkd fõ' wêlrK ;Ska≥j,g tfrysj we;eï mqoa.,fhda 

t,aààB fha irK m;d h;s' 

wNHka;r jYfhka wj;eka jQjka" fjk;a †ia;%slalj, isg wdmiq 

meñ◊ mqoa.,hska iy fl†kl fyda wj;eka fkd jQ mṡ ia w;r is≥jk 

.egqï iq,n isoaêhla ù ;sfí' hdmk jeishka iy jkaks m%foaYfha isg 

wdmiq tk mṡ ia w;r úúO wdrjq,a yg.efka' l=, m%Yakh o fïjdg uq,a ù 

;sfí' wj;eka ù wdmiq meñfKk Wiia l=,j,g wh;a mqoa.,fhda ;u 

wkkH;dj iq/lSu i|yd ;†ka w†gka lrf.k isá;s' jkaks m%foaYfha 

isg hdmkh n,d wdmiq tk mṡ ia §;lalãka jYfhka i,lkq ,efí' ^1 

jeks iaoaê wOHhkh n,kak'& 

uqΩ hdmk wr®Ooaùmfha u wdrjq,a j,g uq,a ù we;af;a l=, fNaohhs' 

iudch yuqfõ mqoa.,hska l=,h u; fldkals¯u" l=, w;r újdy wkqu; 

fkd ls¯u" my;a l=, j, ck;djg fldaú,g hEug bv fkd °u" Wiia 

l=,j,g wh;a mqoa.,hska ;u bvï yryd wvq l=, ckhdg


isoaê wOHhkh 01 

Ydka; fï¯ lS%vd iudch iy Ydka; ksl,ia lS%vd iudch w;r 

mdmka≥ ;r.fha ° we;s jQ ysxidld¯ isoaëka' 

2003 ckjd˙fha isg hdmkhg kq≥re kdjka;=frhs lf;da,sl 

.%dufha jeishka w;r Yd¯˙l yd foam, ydks is≥ lrñka ysxidjd° 

ls%hd yg.ekq◊' fuu ëjr .ïudkfha jeisfhda uql=jd iy lsñ,dre 

jYfhka lrhdr® êjr l=,h hgf;a Wm l=,j,g fn° isá;s' 

Ydka; fï˙ iy Ydka; ksl,ia foajia:dk fol uql=jd iy 

lsñ,dre Wm l=, folg wh;a jeishka wd.ñl lghq;= i|yd fjka 

jYfhka fn∞ fjka lrf.k ;sfí' b˙∞ foaj fufyh iy k;a;,a 

W;aij o fjka fjka l=, jYfhka meje;a fõ' l=, fNaoh wd.ñl 

W;aij j,g j,x.= fkd fõ' l=, jYfhka fn≥K mdr®Yajhka fol 

i|yd fjk u mdmka≥ l%Svd iudc folla we;s w;r 2001 jifr® 

meje;s mdmka≥ ;r.hlska miqj fo mṡ i w;r ysxidjd° ls%hd we;s 

úh' wdrjq, iu;hlg m;als¯u i|yd t,aààB h hdmk mdmka≥ 

l%Svd iudch yd idlÉPd ls¯ug tlÛ;ajh m< lf


mQcljrhka f.a ueoy;a ùfuka mjd hym;a m%;sM, ,nd.ekSu 

wmyiq úh' ckjd˙fha ° .egqï W.% ùfuka miq ìfIdma ;=ud" fmd,Sish 

iy t,aààBh ue†y;a ù wdrïN l< idu jEhu o widr®:l úh' 

iduh ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd msysgqjk ,o idu lñgqj, ksfhda‚;hska 

mjd .egqïj,g iïnkaO ùu ksid;a" ;reK mṡ ia me;a;lg ù isàu 

ksid;a .egÆj iu:hlg m;als¯u wmyiq úh' wms%fh,a 29 †k Ydka; 

ksl,ia jeishka meje;a jQ ux.,Hh iy ix.S; ikaor®Ykhg" Ydka; 

fï˙ mdr®Yajhg wdrdOkd fkd ls¯u ksid h


wdmiq meñ◊ uqia,sï cd;slhskag l,ska ;uka i;=j ;snQ foam< 

h


ukakdrï †ia;s%lalh ms


Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjd we;s idu lñgq 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjd we;s ixjr®Okh uQ,sl lñgq 

fyda fjk;a lñgq 

mqrjeis lñgq 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Khg iïnkaO ù isák 

mqoa.,hska" †idm;s" t,aààB 

.u mokï lr.;a ixúOdk 

ëjr iñ;s iy .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s we;=Ω .fï ixúOdk i;= .egqï 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï Od˙;dj iSñ; h' rch úiska fuu ixúOdk msysgqjd 

we;s uq;a tAjd ±ka .fï iudc jHQyfha fldgila njg m;aj ;sfí' ks;r 

u mdfya fuu .fï ixúOdk foajia:dkh fyda rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk 

úiska wdrïN lr we;s uOH.; .ï iNd hgf;a lghq;= lr;s' 

foajia:dk lñgq 

lf;da,sl m,a,sh ukakdrï †ia;%slalh ;=< iqúfYaI ldr®hhNdrhla 

bgq lrhs' wd.ñl lghq;= yereK úg .ï jeishka f.a .egÆ iïnkaOfhka 

lghq;= lrkq ,nkafka o lf;da,sl m,a,sfha mQcl ;=udhs' mQcl ;=ud 

yereK úg m,a,sh o jdr®.sl hqoaOh mej;s iufha ck;dj fjkqfjka 

rcfha ikakoaO yuq∞ fyda t,aààB h iuÛ úúO .egÆ iïnkaOfhka 

idlÉPd werUQ y' ukakdrfï ìfIdma ;=ud o m,a,sh fjkqfjka wdrjq,a 

ixis£ug b†˙m;a fõ' fï w;r .ï iNdjl iajrEmfhka lghq;= lrk 

foajia:dk iNdjla o we;' jirla mdid idud‚lhska f;dard m;afjk 

fuu iNdfõ idud‚l ixLHdj yhls' fuu foajia:dk iNdj hgf;a ls%hd 

lrk Wm lñgq iduh" uQ,H iy mjq,a iNd j,ska iukaú; fõ' idu 

iNdj, ldr®hhNdrh jkqfha udhsï wdrjq,a úi£u jk w;r mjq,a iNd 

wUq ieñ .egÆ iy u;ameka mdúÉÑh ms



uqia,sï cd;slhska f.a wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh lrkq ,nk uQ,sl wdh;kh 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqjhs' tys j.lSu fohdldr h' m,a,sh Ndrldr 

uKav,h jYfhka lghq;= ls¯u yd f.dvke.s,af,a kv;a;=j iy ujq,ú 

;=ud n,d lshd .ekSu bka m


iy t,aààB h iuÛ ueoy;a ù lghq;= ls¯u iy w;awvx.=fõ isák 

mqoa.,hskag kS;s wdOdr iemhSu mqrjeis lñgqfõ m%Odk wruqKq h'


m,a,sh' m,a,sfha mQcl ;=ud" óiï iNdj iy lf;da,sl m,a,sh hk wdh;k 

;=k úúO uÜgñka .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ldr®hfhys ksr;j isá;s' 

fndfyda m%foaYj, m,a,sh yd m%cdj w;r we;af;a m%n, iïnkaO;djls' 

tfy;a úYd, m%cdjla ;=< fyda ck;dj wj;eka jQ .ï fmfoiaj, fuu 

iïnkaO;dj ySk ù we;' 

2(1(1 mQcl ;=ud 

mQcl jrhd f.a idïm%∞hsl kdhl;ajh fuka u Tyq flfrys msfok 

f.!rjh hqo miqìu ;=< jqj o fkdfjkiaj mj;S' wfkla iudc yd rdcH 

wdh;k ms˙yS ;snqK o" ke;fyd;a hqoaOhg we° .sh o" lf;da,sl mQcl ;=ud 

fj;ska ck;djg ie,fik fiajh wLKavj is≥ú◊' rcfha fyda t,aààB 

fha md,khg fkd jefgk udhsï m%foaYj, fuh b;d úYsIag wkaoñka 

is≥ úh' ckhd wj;eka jQ wjia:djka ys ° mQcl jrhd Tjqka iuÛ úh' 

.%dóh iy êjr m%foaYj, mQcl ;=ud úiska iqúYd, ldr®hhNdrhla 

bgq lrhs' wd.ñl lghq;=j, fh°u muKla fkd j wUq - ieñ wdrjq,a 

we;=Ω wfkl=;a úúO ck;d m%Yak j,g úi∫ï ,nd°u o mQcl ;=ud w;ska 

is≥ úh' hqo iufha ° jqj o m,a,sh ;u Yla;sh fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd f.k 

hEug iu;aúh' m,a,sfha mQcl ;=ud fuka u" rhmamq fcdaIma ukakdrfï 

ìfIdma ;=ud o fl


óiï iNdfõ iy mQcl ;=ud f.a ldr®hhNdrh jvd;a ieye,aÆ ls¯fï 

wruq◊ka" lf;da,sl m,a,sh úiska y∫kajd fok ,o" §kj „jk jevigyk 

hgf;a idu" uQ,H iy mjq,a lñgq msysgqjk ,°' m%foaYfha .egÆ úi£fï 

,d tu lñgq fj;ska uyÛ= fiajhla bgq fõ' ck;d ksfhda‚l;ajfhka 

fuu iNd fj;ska fl;rï fiajhla ie,iqK o" iudcfha W.;a fuka u 

Okj;a mqoa.,hska f.a wdêm;Hh tu iNd ;=< fkdfi,a ù mj;S' 


w˙mamq 

ukakdrug ol=◊ka msysgd we;s w˙mamq lf;da,sl .uls' tys 

jeishka f.a m%Odk /lshdj ëjr lr®udka;hhs' óiï iNdj jehslals 

9 lg fn∞ we;s w;r tu ieu jehslalshlg wh;a ksfhda‚;hl= 

óiï iNdj ksfhdackh lrhs' Wm lñgq .Kkdjlska u foajia:dk 

iNdjg iyfhda.h ,efí' mQcl ;=ud f.a foajia:dk iNdj m%cd 

m%Yakhla iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd ls¯u i|yd /iaúh hq;= wjia:dj, 

° m,a,sfha wdjf;ajlre ^ iekals%ia;shka& iSkqj kdo lrñka tA nj 

ksfõokh lrhs' fuu /iaùï fndfyda úg ld,f.daÜá j,ska .yKh' 

m%foaYfha ëjrhska mṡ ila úiska §iqrel=j,a,hs kue;s úfYaI 

±,a jr®.hla fhd∞ .ksñka uy m˙udKfhka uiqka ue¯ug tfrysj" 

m%foaYfha ëjr iuQmldr iñ;sh .;a ls%hdudr®.h ms


w;r we;s jk wdrjq,la ms


iyfhda.h fkd olajd miflg ù isáh y' u;amekg weíneys jQ ;reK 

fldgia .fï idïm%∞hsl kdhl;ajhg wNsfhda.hla úh' idïm%∞hsl 

kdhl;ajfha n,h mṡ ySu hkq .ï uÜgñka n,h ySk ùula fkd jk 

w;r yqfola n, ;=,kfha fjkila is≥ ùu mu◊' 

2(4 wúêu;a ls%hd ms


.egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯fï úêu;a yd wúêu;a l%u fmd≥fõ Ndú; lr;s' 

ukakdrï m%foaYfha bvï rcfha wdrlaIl yuq∞" m%foaYfha ck;dj iy 

t,aààB ixúOdkh úiska n≥ ° we;s mqoa.,hska f.a m†xÑhg k;= ù ;sfí' 

ukakdrï m%foaYfha we;eï fldgiaj, h


fj; ,nd †h hq;= njg w∞, mqoa.,fhda jdÑlj tlÛ;ajhlg 

meñ◊h y' l,lg miq uqia,sï mjq,a lSmhla wdmiq meñ◊ wjia:dfõ 

fou< cd;slhskag úl,am ksfjia ,nd °u fyda uqia,sï jrekag 

wh;a ksfjia j,ska fldgila Tjqkag l=,shg °u is≥ úh' 

uqia,sï mjq,a 30 la muK hdmkfha iy ls,sfkdÉÑfha msysá 

Tjqka f.a ksfjia lrd m†xÑhg f.dia ;sfí' 

;uka iuÛ tl f.hs „j;a jQ fou< .eyekq


bvïj, m†xÑh iïnkaOfhka mekkÛsk wdrjq,a úi£fï ,d t,aààB 

fha ue†y;aùu wjYH lreKla ù ;sfí' wdmiq meñfKk uqia,sï mjq,aj,g 

bv ° bj;a jk f,i fou< mjq,a fndfyduhlg t,aààB h ±kqï ° 

;snq◊' t,aààB md,kh hgf;a mj;akd kdk¥j m%foaYfha uqia,sï 

cd;slhskag wh;aj ;snQ bv lvïj, m†xÑj isá wj;eka jQ fou< mjq,a 

25 lg bka bj;ajk f,i t,aààB h ±kqï°u fuhg l†u ksor®YKhls' 

fou< mqkre;a:dmk ixúOdkfha wdOdrh o uqia,sï mjq,aj,g ,eî ;sfí' 

fou< iy uqia,sï ck fldgia w;r meje;s iqyo;dj ksid 1990 ° t,aààB 

h uqia,sï ck;dj m,jd ye¯ug .;a ;SrKhg ck;d iyhla fkd ,enq◊' 

uqia,sï jreka f.a wdmiq meñ”u m%cd kdhlfhda tl is;ska wkqu; l


fkd j" hdmkh iy mq;a;,u †ia;%slalhka ys uqia,sï ck;dj iïnkaOfhka 

o j,x.= fõ' mjq,a msáka uqia,sï ck;dj fkd meñfKk w;r" mjqf,a 

jeäysáhka muKla meñK f.dú;ek" fj


ksfhda‚;hska f.a wdêm;Hhg k;= ù we;s nj;a" m%foaY jdiSyq fmr,d 

mji;s' fmaidf,a .ï jeishka iy iqN idOk uOHia:dkh w;r u;fNao 

we;sùfuka miq ^t kï iqNidOk n,Od¯ka iudc úfrdaë yd ysxidjd° 

ls%hdj, fhfok njg .ï jeishka fpdaokd lrk ksid& msysfhka wekSfï 

isoaêhla o jdr®;d úh' 

bvïj, m†xÑh ms


rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk .Kkdjla u úúOdldrfha idu jevigyka 

†h;a lr we;s uq;a Tjqka ;=< cd;sjd° msms¯ï ms


fï .ïj, m†xÑ fou< iy uqia,sï mqoa.,hka fofofkla l=Æm. 

ñ;%fhda jQ y' fou< ;reKhd g%elagrhla mojñka isá wjia:dfõ 

Tyq f.a ñ;=rd jQ uqia,sï ;reKhd ;=jlal=jla w;e;sj fÜ%,rfha 

.uka lrñka isáh ° y†iaisfhka ;=jlal=j m;a;= ù øúv ˙h≥rd 

urKhg m;aúh' uqia,sï ;reKhd Tyq f.a ys;ñ;=re fou< ˙h≥rd 

uerE njg me;sr .sh lg l;dfjka miq uqia,sï .ïudkfha ksfjia 

;=klg wi,a jeis fou< mṡ ia úiska .sks ;nd úkdY lrk ,°' 

bkamiq uqia,sï cd;slfhda .u w;yer mekhEug mgka .;a y' .sks 

;nd úkdY l< uqia,sï ksfjia ;=fka m†xÑ lrefjda miq∞ u mq;a;,u 

n,d msg;aj .sh y' mekke.S ;snqK ;;a;ajh md,kh ls¯u i|yd 

fmd,Sish" m,a,sh ^óiï Ndr mQcl ;=ud yd ìfIdma ;=ud f.a 

ksfhda‚;hska& ukakdrfï mqrjeis lñgqj iy Y%S ,xld igka úrdu 

lñgqfõ ks,Od˙yq o ue†y;a jQ y' isoaêhg iïnkaO mqoa.,hskag iy 

m%foaYfha ishÆ ck fldgiaj,g Tjqka f.a iEu ≥.a.ekú,a,,la u 

b†˙m;a ls¯u i|yd /iaùulg iyNd.s jk f,i ukakdrfï uka;%S 

jrhd wdrdOkd lf


mq;a;,ï †ia;%slalh ms


Ú 

Ú 

Ú 


rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrk ,o nyqjdr®.sl ±kqj;a 

ls¯fï iy ixjr®Ok jHdmD;Ska Ndr lKavdhï 

mqrjeis lñgq 

idïm%∞hsl wd.ï lñgq 

úfYaIfhka jdr®.sl hqoaOh ksid u;= jQ wr®nqold¯ ;;a;ajhka yuqfõ 

thg f.d≥re jQ úúO ck fldgiaj, iqNidOk iy Wkak;sh Wfoid 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqfjka wm%udK fiajdjla bgq úh' fndfyda wjia:dj, 

uqia,sï foajia:dkh ck„ú;fha flakaøh njg m;aúh' m%cd ksfhda‚;hska 

f.a il%Sh iyNd.S;ajh hgf;a ck;dj uqyqK md we;s úúO .egÆ 

iïnkaOfhka idlÉPd mj;ajñka tAjdg ms


.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh Wmfhda.S lr.;a mqoa.,hska 

úfYaIfhka ixúOdkd;aul jHQyhla fkd ue;s kej; ck;dj m†xÑ 

lrk ,o isxy, .ïudk jeks fmfoiaj, wd.fï fyda /lshdfõ wêld¯ 

n,h iys; mqoa.,fhda .fï .egÆ ksrdlrKfha ° jeo.;a fiajdjla 

bgqlr;s' .fï foajia:dkfha mQcl ;=ud iy úoHd,hdêm;s jrhdg 

ksi.fhka u kdhl;ajh ysñ fõ' iud∞k úksYaphldrjrhd fj; o 

úúO wdrjq,a úi∫ï m;d fhduq lrkq we;' fun∫ j.lSula ork mqoa.,fhda 

yqfola wdrjq,aj,g ue†y;a fjkjd muKla fkd j tAjd Rcqj fíreï 

ls¯u o is≥lr;s' .fï mjq,a folla w;r u;=jk .egqul ° fyda fidrd 

.fï u mqoa.,fhla f,i y∫kd.;a wjia:djkays ° Tjqyq Rcqj u tAjdg 

ue†y;a ù ;Ska≥jla fo;s' 


mq;a;,fï rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska idu lñgq msysgqjd we;s 

w;r bka iuyrlg .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï yelshdj we;' iduh yd 

iudch ms


ixjr®Ok lghq;=j, ksr; rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk .ï ksfhdackh 

jk m˙† uOHu .ï iNd msysgqùu flfrys o keUqre fj;s' 

§fjdafvmaÜ hkq zfµdarEÜZ iy zjr®,aâ úIkaZ ixúOdk wruqo,a j,ska 

wdrïN lr we;s ldka;d ixjr®Ok flakaøhls' ldka;djka i|yd wd∞hï 

bmhSfï iy Kh°fï jHdmD;s tuÛska ls%hd;aul fõ' ldka;djkag /lshd 

,nd°u iy idlÉPd i|yd wjia:d ie,iSu ozfjdafvmaÜZ ixúOdkh fj;ska 

bgq fõ' tys †ia;%slal uÜgñka meje;afjk nyqjdr®.sl /iaùïj, ° fmd≥ 

m%Yak idlÉPdjg .efka' tA yereK úg u;ameka f,da,s;ajh ms


u ckfldgia w;r úúO .egqï" t†˙jd°lï yd u;fNao yg.kakg úh' 

iïm;a W!K;dj iy wfkl=;a wdr®:ßl .egÆ o W.%jkakg úh' 

jeä jQ ck.ykhg i˙,k m˙† úfYaIfhka fi!LH iy wOHdmk 

wjYH;d we;=Ω uQ,sl myiqlï iemhSug n,Od¯ka wfmdfydi;a ùu ksid 

ck;dj w;r fkdikaiqka ;djhla we;súh' frday,a jeä†hqKq fkd ls¯u" 

fou< NdIdfõ m%ùk;ajh ,;a rdcH fiajlhska m%udKj;a m˙† m;a fkd 

ls¯u" mdi,a f.dvke.s,s ysÛlu hkd†h lemS fmfkk wvqmdvq lSmhls' 

wNHka;r jYfhka wj;eka jQ ck;djg rcfha fiajhg msúiSu myiq 

fohla fkd fõ' tA fjkqjg ;S% frdao ˙h≥re ;k;=re" fíl˙ mj;ajd f.k 

hEu we;=Ω lïlre fY%a◊ muKla wj;eka jQjkag újD; úh' wj;eka jQ 

mṡ ia wvq uqo,lg ;u Y%uh wf


wj;eka jQjka úYd, jYfhka meñ”u ksid mq;a;,fï uqia,sï 

ck.ykh iïmQr®Kfhka u fo.=K úh' †ia;%slalfha ck.ykfhka 23] 

la u Tjqyq fj;s' fï whq˙ka ck.yk wkqmd;h fjkiaùu ksid isxy, 

iy uqia,sï jeishka w;r .egqïj,g ;=vq fok miqìula ksr®udKh fjñka 

;sfí' 

kd.˙l m%foaYj,ska meñfKk ;reK mṡ iaj, ysxidjd° ls%hdjkag 

.ïno m%foaY f.d≥reùu ;j;a jeo.;a lreKls' wj;eka jQjka m†xÑ 

fuu m%foaYj, mṡ ñka hdmkh iy ukakdru jeks wE; tmsg k.rj, / 

lshdj lrk neúka" yqol,dj f.org fldgq ù isák Tjqka f.a ì˙hkag 

iy orejkag kd.˙l m%foaYj,ska meñfKk ;reKhska f.a ;r®ck .r®ck 

j,g ìfhka ld,h .; ls¯ug is≥ ù we;' t neúka úfYaIfhka md,ú 

iy u≥rkal=,s hk m%foaYj, iduh ;yjqre ls¯u blau◊ka l< hq;= j 

we;s ldr®hhla ù ;sfí' 

2(2 iudma;sh iy úYaf,aIKh 

ñkS uereula fyda msáka meñK m†xÑ jQ mjq,lg wh;a mdi,a .=rej˙hla 

YsIHffhl=g ;rjgq l< isoaêhla ie,lsh hq;= m%Yakhla njg m;a ù úúO 

lKavdhï j,ska È◊l m%;sl%shd ±laùu is≥fjhs' iuyr úg th l,yld¯ 

lKavdhïj, ysxidjd° ls%hdjkag uq, mqrkakla úhyelshs' jdr®.sl 

ck.ykfha is≥ jQ m%n, fjkiaùï" †ia;%slalh ;=< iïm;a W!K;dj" 

iSñ; iïm;a fjkalrKq ,nk wdldrh iy foaYmd,kSlrKhg f.d≥re 

ùu" .egqïld¯ jd;djrKhg tla jeo.;a fya;=jls' †ia;%slalfha 

m†xÑlrejka fkd jk" tfy;a msáka meñK m†xÑ jQ ms˙ia iy .ï jeishka 

w;r we;sjk wdrjq,a iy ;u .ïìï lrd wdmiq meñfKk mjq,a iy 

.fï mer◊ m†xÑldrhska w;r we;sjk .egqï yd u;fNao j,g f.d≥rej 

isák mq;a;,ï †ia;%slalh" wfkl=;a †ia;%slalj,g mQr®j ksor®YKhls' igka 

úrdu .súiqu ls%hd;aul ùfuka miq uqia,sï mjq,a 5000 wdmiq hdmkfha 

;u mer◊ f.a f∞r fidhd f.ia we; 

wj;ekajQjka f.ka úYd, ixLHdjla wdmiq hEu i|yd wêIaGdk 

lrf.k isák uq;a" foaYmd,k wúksYaÑ; Ndjh" wkdrlaIs; Ndjh mer◊ 

f.a f∞r bvlvï m˙ydkshg m;aùu" iy iajNdúl ck.yk jr®Okh 

hkd° fya;= ksid oekg m†xÑ ù isák ia:dkj, ia:Ír jYfhka m†xÑ 

ùug wêIAGdk lrf.k isá;s' tneúka wj;eka jQ ms˙ia iy wdmiq meñfKk 

mjq,a w;r .egÆ mekkeÛSu yd wr®nqold¯ ;;a;ajhka †.ska †.g we;sùug 

fnfyúka bv ;sfí' 

83


3' .egqï iy .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh 

3(1 mjqf,a .egqï" m%cdj ;=< we;sjk .egqï iy wka;r® m%cd .egqï 

jYfhka .egqï ;s%úOdldr h' .egqï ;SrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kfha 

idr®:l;ajh" .egqfï iajNdjh iy tAjd úi£fï,d .kq ,nk m%fõYh 

u; rπmj;S' 

mjqf,a .egqï 

u;amekg f,d,aùu" .Dyia: wmpdrh" mr∞r fiajkh iy wfkla 

fm!oa.,sl .egÆ iïnkaOfhka ms


idïm%∞hsl n,Od¯ka i;= n,h ySk ù we;s kd.˙l fyda wr®O kd.˙l 

fmfoiaj, ck;dj fj;;a n,Od¯ka lrd hhs' fmd,Sish iy †idm;s 

jrhd yereKq úg foaYmd,lhska f.a ueoy;aùu wfmalaId lrk wjia:d o 

tug h' idu uKav, o iqúfYaI ldr®hhNdrhla bgq lr;s' iuyre hdno 

.fï m%cd kdhlhska fj; o iykh m;d h;s' uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj 

fuka u" uqia,sï fkd jk hdno .ïj, jeishka úiska u;=l< m%Yakhla 

jQfha m%foaYfha ldka;djka uqia,sï ;reKhskaf.a wvkaf;aÜgï j,g f.d≥re 

ùuhs' tn∫ wjia:dj, ° uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj isoaêh .ek m¯laIKhla 

mj;ajhs' tfuka u uqia,sï fkd jk wkH m%cdjl f.ka uqia,sï cd;slfhl= 

iykh me;Sfï °" úoHd,hdêm;s jrfhla jeks .fï m%N+ jrfhl= f.a 

msysg fidhd hdu mqreoaola ù ;sfí' 

3(3 .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï hdka;%Kh úYaf,aIKh ls¯u· 

m%cdj uqyqK fok we;sjk .egÆ úi£u 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh tu ldr®hh bgq ls¯fï 

,d Yla;su;a tlla jqj o tys ;SrKj,g t,öfï jHQyh úêu;a m˙† 

ksfhdackh ù ke;=jd úh yels h' tfia;a ke;skï" tys ;SrKh m%cdjg 

idOdrK tlla jqj o thska w∞, mdr®YAjhg fyda mqoa.,hdg idOdrK;ajhla 

bgq fkd jQjd úh yels h' iajdêkj n,k l, fuu §ue†y;a ùu tla;rd 

úYsIag mjq,a fyda mqoa.,hska lSm fofkl=g muKla iSud jQjla fia fmfka' 

lñgqfõ ks,;, orkakka jvd;a Okj;a yd W.;=ka mṡ ila ksid" ;SrK 

.ekSfï n,h Tjqka f.a tAldêldrh ù ;sfí' mqoa.,hska m%cdfjka fldka 

lr ;sîu fyda bj;a ls¯u .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï hdka;%Kh i;= iqúfYaI 

n,;, w;=˙ka lemS fmfkkakls' uqia,sï ldka;djka u;amekg weíneys 

ù isák ;u iajdñhd f.ka jk yṡ yerh .ek lrkq ,nk meñ◊,a,la 

fya;=fjka o~qjula jYfhka weh f.a ieñhd uqia,sï m%cdfjka bj;a lrkjd 

muKla fkd j Tyq ñh .sh miq uqia,sï ñkS msáfha Tyq f.a isrer je,,Sug 

mjd bv fokq fkd ,efí' 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj,g ;u fÈa;% lghq;=j, ° ldka;djkag 

fnfyúka Wmldr l< yels h' úfYaIfhka iqΩ Kh uqo,la fhd∞ 

ldka;djka fjkqfjka wdrïN lrkq ,nk jHdmD;sj, ° rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdk j,g ldka;djka i|yd jvd;a Wmld¯ úh yels h' l,d;=rlska 

fhfok wjia:dj," rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj,g Tjqka úiska wdrïN lr 

we;s jHdmD;sj,ska iudc pd˙;% fyda wdpdr Or®u j,g n,mEula is≥ ù 

85


fkd ue;s njg uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqjg lreKq meye†,s lr°ug is≥ 

fõ' 

4' msgia;r ixúOdk úiska ia:dmkh lrk ,o idu lñgqj, 

fláld,Sk meje;au 

idu lñgq msysgqùfï ° jeo.;a jk m%Odk idOl ;=k jkqfha wdOdr 

imhk wdh;k" fu rg rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk iy m%cdjka h' fïjd 

tla;rd m%udKhlg idu lñgqj, fláld,Sk meje;aug j.lsj hq;=j 

we;' 

úfYaIfhka" wdOdr imhk wdh;k olajk fláld,Sk Wkka≥j ksid 

idu lñgqj, ;sridr meje;au iy;sl ls¯u wmyiq h' fï yereK úg 

foaYSh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj,g wdOdr imhk wdh;k" cd;Hka;r 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk j,ska ,efnk wdOdr flfrys úYajdih ;eîug 

is≥ùu iy" m%foaYjdiSka f.a iy wj;ekajQjka f.a w,ilu idu lñgqj, 

meje;aug fjfiiska u n,md we;' kj idu lñgq wld,fha ì|jeàug 

tla fya;=jla ù we;af;a tAjd msysgqjk ,o wdldrhhs' wdOdr imhk 

wdh;kj, jevigyka ls%hd;aul ls¯ug is≥ùu ksid fuka u m%cdjka 

folla w;r u;= jQ wkfmalaIs; lreKla fya;= fldg f.k fu rg rdcH 

fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o idu lñgq o tl yd iudk brKulg 

uqyqK foñka wld,fha ì|jefÜ' wdOdr imhk wdh;k flá ld,Skj 

wdOdr iemhSu ksid idu lñgqj,g °r®> ld,Skj lghq;= l< fkd yels 

ùu fuys h:dr®;hhs' 

idu ls%hdldrlï mj;ajd f.k hk uÜgu ms


jr®Okh ùug u.mE° we;' iyfhda.S;dj il%Shj mej;sh;a m%dfhda.sl 

ls%hdldrlï i|yd bka msájy,la fkd ,efí' îsoaê wOHhk 06 n,kak'& 

foaYSh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrk ,o idu lñgq j,ska 

uQ,sl wruqKq folla bIag fõ' tkï úúO ck fldgia w;r iïnkaO;d 

f.dvke.Su iy wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯fï yelshdj k.d isgqùu i|yd 

idu lñgqj, ;k;=re ork m%N+ mṡ iaj, iqcd; Ndjh ;j≥rg;a Yla;su;a 

ls¯u h' idu lñgqj, ;sridr meje;aug yria ù we;s m%Odk;u ndOlh 

kï tA flfrys j.lsjhq;a;ka f.a Wkka≥ ySkùu h' iṡ udmqr msld,Sk mokula u; mj;ajd 

f.k hd yelafla flfia o hkak ;SrKh ls¯u jeo.;a fõ' 

isoaê wOHhk 06 

iṡ udmqr 

uqia,sï cd;slhska mṡ ila isxy, ;%Sú,a ˙h≥rl=g ;u jdykh 

.d,a ls¯u i|yd Tjqka f.a r: .d, ;=< bv°u ms


neyerj hdmkh" ukakdru jeks wE; tmsg m%foaYj, /lshdj lrk 

neúka ìfhka we,,S „j;a ùug is≥ ù we;' 

m%foaY jdiSka mjik wdldrhg l,yld¯ lKavdhï meñK 

we;af;a md,ú m%foaYfha isg h' m%foaYfha wdrlaIdj ;yjqre ls¯fï 

wNs,dIfhka lkakuQf,hs uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj úiska fhdackd 

lrk ,o wdrlaIl jevms


jeishka ;ukag fmd≥ jQ m%Yak .ek tl;= ù iyfhda.fhka jev 

ls¯ug Wkka≥jk .;shla ;ju;a fmfkkakg ke;' 


lrïfnhs m%foaYfha .ïudk 

lrïfnhs - isxy, iy uqia,sï jeishka 

WÆlm,a,ï - wj;eka jQ uqia,sï cd;slhska i|yd wÆf;ka msysgjQ 

.ula 

mqΩ;shfj,a - m%foaYjdiS uqia,sï jreka 

khlf;kakhs - fou< 

lrïfnhs iy WÆlm,a,ï ys m%cd Ndr wruqo, úiska wdrïN 

lrk ,o idu lñgq 

mq;shfõ,s .fï uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj .fï wNHka;r wdrjq,a 

úi£fï ,d m%Odk ;ekla f.k ls%hd lrhs' idud‚lhska 9 lska 

iukaú; lñgqj ;uka fj; fhduq lrkq ,nk wdrjq,a .ek fidhd 

n,d" m¯laId ls¯fuka miq th úiπ,Sfï udr®. fhdackd lrhs' iqÆ" 

iqÆ jer† foajia:dk lñgqj úiska úi|kq ,nk w;r fidrlï 

jeks jer† m%:ufhka fmd,Sishg fhduq l< o" b†˙ lghq;=j, ° 

foajia:dk lñgqfõ Wmfoia ,nd.kq ,efí' .ï folla w;r .egqï 

we;sjk wjia:dj, ° th iukh ls¯ug foajia:dk lñgqj b†˙m;a 

fõ' 

2001 ° WÆlm,a,ï .fï u;aøjH wf,ú lrkafkl=g thska 

j,lsk f,i .ïjeis uqia,sï jreka wk;=re weÛùula ls¯u ksid" 

ysxidld¯ ls%hdjka yg.ekSfuka miq me,am;a follg .sks ;eîu 

ksid uila mqrdu fmd,Sishg uqr ixpdrl lghq;=j, ksr; ùug is≥ 

úh' 

u;aøjH wf,ú lrkakl=g bka j,lsk f,i;a tfia fkd l< 

fyd;a urd ouk njg;a ksr®kdñl ,smshla ,eîfuka †k follg 

miq wf,úlre f.a me,am;g .s◊ ;nk ,°' fomdr®Yajh w;r WKqiqï 

;;a;ajhla W∞ùfuka miqj" .egqu ksrdlrKh ls¯u i|yd uqia,sï 

89


foajia:dkfha ue†y;a ùu Tjqyq wfmalaId l< y' wj;eka jQjka 

m%foaYfha uka;%S jrhdg isoaêh ie,ls¯fuka miq Tyq f.a b,a,Su msg 

y,dj; fmd,Sish m%foaYfha uqr ixpdrhla werö h' miqj mqÆlshfj,a 

lñgqfõ b,a,Su msg ksr®kdñl ,shqu tjQ njg iel lrk mqoa.,hd 

b†˙m;a ù" jro ms


;%sl=Kdu, †ia;%slalh ms


1' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh ls%hd;aul ls¯fï 

fuj,ï 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o idu lñgq 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrk ,o ixjr®Ok lñgq 

.ï iNd ( .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s $ ±kqj;a ls¯fï lKavdhu 


n,Od¯ka úiska w;am;alrk ,o idu lñgq 

t,aààB h" fmd,Sish" .%dufiajl" c, tAcka; hkd ° mqoa.,hska 

úiska wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yryd .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯u' 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o idu lñgq 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk ,o idu lñgq úiska iuyr 

.egqï ksrdlrKh lr ;sfí' .ïiNd msysgqùu yryd tAtÉtAtï" lskakshd 

úIka" ir®fjdaoh iy Yla;s jeks wdh;k úiska iduh W∞ ls¯fï jevigyka 

ls%hd;aul lrkq ,efí' ^weuqKqu n,kak'& fïjdg Tlaiaµr®â fyda flhdr® 

jeks wdh;k j,ska wruqo,a imhkq ,efí' rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk ishÆ 

jdr®.sl ck fldgia ksfhdackh jk whqre .ïiNd msysgqj;s' rdcH fkd 

jk ixúOdkj, fÈa;% ks,Od¯yq tAjdg Wmfoia ,ndfo;s' fuu .ïiNd 

miqj m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk jYfhka ,shdm†xÑ lrkq ,efí' 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrk ,o ixjr®Ok lñgq 

foaYSh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrkq ,nk lKavdhï 

j,ska nyq;rh Tjqka f.a ixjr®Ok fyda ixialD;sl jevigyka ls%hd;aul 

ls¯u i|yd fõ' tfia u .egÆ mekkÛsk wjia:dj, ° tAjd o ksrdlrKh 

lrkq we;' ;reK lKavdhï fyda ldka;d lKavdhï fyda f.dú lKavdhï 

jYfhka tu ixúOdk ye¢kaúh yels h' àããtA ixúOdk úiska msysgqjk 

,o .ï uÜgfï b;ṡ ls¯fï lKavdhï b|ysg yuq∞j iuÛ we;s jk 

m%dka;j,g ue†y;a ù úi∫ï ,ndfo;s' ixjr®Ok wruqKq i|yd msysgqjk 

,o lKavdhï j, kdhlhska f.ka iukaú; idu lñgq rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdj, wkq.%yfhka msysgqjk ,°' 

92


.ïiNd 

iajlSh .egÆ iy wdrjq,a úiπ,Su i|yd .ï jeisfhda ±kgu;a msysgqjd 

we;s m%cd uQ,sl ixúOdk fj; msúfi;s' úfYaIfhka" rch úiska ia:dmkh 

lr we;s .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ,d il%Shj lghq;= 

lr;s' tAjdfha idud‚l ms˙ia fndfyda úg foaYSh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj, 

fyda fjk;a lKavdhïj,g iïnkaO ù isá;s' 


;%sl=Kdu, m%foaYfha uqia,sï ck;dj uqyqK mdk .egÆ nyq, jYfhka 

.ï m%foaYfha uqia,sï foajia:dl lñgqj fj; fhduq flfr®' jir ;=klg 

jrla m%foaYfha ck;dj úiska fuu lñgqj,g ksfhda‚;hska f;dard m;a 

lrkq ,efí' Tjqka f.a tu m;aùu uqia,sï lghq;= ms


.egqï úi£u ms◊i l=uk hka;%Khla lrd hd hq;= ±hs .ïjdiSka ;SrKh 

lrkafka o@ tA flfia o@ 

wr®nqohl mdr®Yaj lrejka tu wr®nqofha iajNdjh iy ;u ;uka i;= 

m%foaYSh yd cd;sl foaYmd,k reÑ wreÑlï wkqjh" iykh m;d úúO 

hdka;%K Tiafia yUdhkafka' 

tu hdka;%K mqΩ,a jYfhka fufia jr®. l< yelshs' 

⁄' 

⁄⁄' 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yryd mdr®Yajhka w;r tlÛ;ajh we;s ls¯u 

i|yd ueoy;a ùu fyda wdrjq,a fíreï ls¯u' 

wkq.%yh ,nd°u iy n,mEï we;s ls¯u' 

⁄⁄⁄' kS;sh ls%hd;aul ls¯fï fyda wêlrK n,Od¯ka 

yqfola .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh flfrys ck;dj 

jeä ukdmhla ±laùug fya;= jQ lreKq wkH †ia;%slalj, fuka ;%sl=Kdu, 

†ia;%slalhg o tl fia j,x.= fõ' m%:ufhka ;u wNs,dIhka bgq lrjd 

.; yels ljr fyda hdka;%Khla lrd we°hdu iajNdúl h' bvï kvq 

fndfyda úg fmd,Sish fyda wêlrKh uÛska ;Ska≥ fõ' wêlrKfha ° ;u 

kvqj ch.%yKh l< yels hhs úYajdi lrk mqoa.,hd wka l%u flfrys 

úYajdihla fkd ;nhs' fojkqj" idlÉPd udr®.fhka blÛ;ajhlg 

meñ”ug leu;s mdr®YAjfhda wúêu;a hdka;%Kh flfrys úYajdih ;nhs' 

wdrjqf,a mdr®Yaj lrejka uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj lrd meñfKkqfha 

th .ï m%foaYfha n,j;au wdh;kh ù we;s ksid u fkd j" hï fyhlska 

fmd,Sish fj; .sfha kï" wfkl=;a .ï jeishka f.a ;dvk mSvkj,g 

jeäfhka f.d≥re jkakg bv ;snqK ksid h' ^wxl 08 isoaê wOHhkh 

n,kak& foajia:dk lñgqj yryd idlÉPd udr®.fhka úi∫ula ,nd.ekSu 

Tjqkag fnfyúka wjYH úh' c,h N=la;s ú£fï whs;sjdislï ms


ks,Od¯ka foaYSh fyda rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj,g wh;a lñgqj, Wiia 

;k;=re j,g m;a fõ' iuyr .ïj, lñgq tllg jeäfhka ls%hd;aul 

fõ' ^wxl 08 isoaê wOHhkh n,kak'& fmrdre wdrjqf,a ° úi∫ula fiùfï 

ldr®hh Ndrj ls%hd l< idud‚lhska w;=frka iNdm;s iy NdKavd.d˙l 

ms


uqia,sï lïlrejka ih fokd chfldäh ;r®ckh l< y' chfldä 

.egÆj i|yd uqia,sï foajia:dk Ndrldr uKav,fha iyh me;S h' 

Ndrldr uKav,h ishÆ mdr®Yajhka miq †k le|jd Tjqka f.a woyia 

úuiS h' lïlrejkag f.úh hq;= fõ;k j,ska fldgila chfldä 

úiska fm!oa.,sl wjYH;djka i|yd jehlr we;s fyhska lïlrejka 

f.a ysÛ jegqma f.ùug fkd yels ù we;s neõ wkdjrKh úh' 

.Kka ñkqï m¯laIdlr n,d idOdrK whq˙ka mdr®Yajhka w;r uqo,a 

fn∞°fï j.lSu Ndrldr uKav,h tys NdKavd.d˙l fj; mej¯ 

h' chfldä Ndrldr uKav,fha ;SrKh ms



.%du ixjr®Ok iñ;sh" wd,xl;s" lskakshd 

fï fou< .%dufha" nyq;rhla uqia,sï ck;dj fjfik fmfoil 

.fï .egÆ iy wdrjq,a fíreï lr.ekSu i|yd .ï jeishka 

meñfKk m%Odk;u wdh;kh .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;shhs' tA yereK 

úg fuys ldka;d ix.uhla o ;reK l%Svd iudchla o we;' 

1999 ° msysgqjk ,o fuu .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;sfha idud‚l 

ixLHdj 15 ls' bka mia fokl= m˙md,k úOdhl ldr®hh uKav,hg 

wh;a h' b;ṡ idud‚lhska ;reK mṡ ia iy YsIHfhda jQ y' .fï 

kdhlhska fuys il%Sh idud‚lfhda fkd fj;s' ldka;dfjda o we;=


.súiqu ls%hd;aul ùug fmr ëjrhska f.a fndaÜgq rd;%s ld,fha uqyqfoa .id 

f.dia ;sfnk wjia:djka ys ° m%foaYjdiS yq tAtÉtAtï ixúOdkfha wdOdrh 

u; tu fndaÜgq wdmiq kdjql yuq∞fjka ,nd .;a y' wka;r® ckjdr®.sl 

.egÆ úi£u i|yd wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yryd lghq;= flfrk njla fkd 

fmfka' jdr®.sl .egqï ;sfnk njla ms


ls,sfkdÉÑhg f.dia ;snqK nj jdr®;d úh' fmd,Sish" ikakoaO fiajd iy 

wNHka;r wdrlaIl wud;HdxYh úiska msysgqjk ,o wka;r® wd.ñl lñgqj 

ls%hd;aul jk njla jdr®;d fkd ú◊' 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kfha n,h ySkjk wjia:d 

isxy, ck;dj m†xÑ fmfoiaj,ska o jdr®;d fõ' wfímqr isxy, .%dufha 

mqoa.,fhl= ;u bvu fou< cd;slfhl=g úls◊ug ;e;a ls¯fï ° isxy, 

m†xÑlrejka f.ka m%n, úfrdAO;d t,a, ú◊' foaYmd,k fn†,s u; 

tcdm iy f–ùmS h w;r mj;akd u;fNao fya;= fldg f.k .egqï 

yg.ekSu ksid ir®fjdaoh Y%u∞k lñgqjg mjd lghq;= lrf.k hdu 

wmyiq úh' 

±kg fmd,Sish ishÆ meñ◊,s iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lrhs' hqoaOh 

mej;s hq.fha fuka fkd j igka úrdu .súiqu w;aika ls¯fuka miq 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh wvmK ù we;s njla fmkq◊' zm,;d†fpkdhsZ kue;s 

±kqj;a ls¯fï lKavdhu o fun∫ brKulg uqyqK md we;s nj fmfka' 

t,aààB h m%foaYh ;=< n,j;aj isàu fuhg fya;=j nj úYajdi flfr®' 

uyck meñ◊,s ixLHdj wvqùug fya;=j hqo yuq∞j iïnkaOfhka t,a,jk 

meñ◊,s wvqùuhs' 

idOdrK;ajh" ue†y;a Ndjh iy wdrjq,a idr®:l whq˙ka úi£u 

fuu wOHhkh i|yd ld,h b;d iSñ; jQ neúka .egqï ksrdlrKh 

ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh we;af;ka u idr®:l m%;sM, f.k°ug iu;a 

ù ±hs hkak ;lafiare ls¯u i|yd mr®fhaIl mṡ ig iSñ; f;dr;=re / 

ila u; hefmkakg is≥úh' wdrjq,a ksrjq,a ls¯fï idr®:l;ajh uekSfï 

ñKqï oKav jYfhka jeo.;a Ndjh" idOdrK;ajh iy ;srir Ndjh 

fhd∞ .ekSug yels fõ' wúêu;a hdka;%Kh fuu wjYH;djka f.ka 

f;dr ù we;s nj mr®fhaIKh uÛska fmkajd ° we;' 

m%foaYfha wdrjq,a úi£fï ,d .fï kdhl ldrld°ka m%Odk ;ek 

f.k lghq;= ls¯u ksid idOdrK;ajh iy wmlaImd;S Ndjh is≥fõ o 

hkak;a" tAjdf.a u Tjqka úiska fokq ,nk ;Ska≥ iïnkaOfhka w;Dma;shg 

m;a mdr®Yajhkag lreKq lshdmEug bvlv ;sfí o hkak;a m%Yakhg Ndckh 

ù ;sfí' .fï kdhl;ajh uekúka §ksfhdackh ù we;s uq;a ;SrK .ekSfï 

ls%hdj,sfha ° ldka;djkag iy wirK Ndjhg m;aj isák .eñhkag 

y~la keÛSfï bvla fkd ue;s nj fmfka' 

99


rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" úúO lKavdhï" .ï m%OdkSka iy ls%hdld¯ 

lñgq Tjqkag wdfõksl jQ kHdh m;% iy úúO u;su;dka;r we;s nj;a" tA 

ish,a, fj;ska idOdrK;ajh iy ;srir Ndjh flfrys n,mEï is≥jk 

nj;a mr®fhaIKfha ° fmkS f.dia we;' jeoaoka bf.kSula yd wjfndaOhla 

fkd ue;s mṡ ila neúka Tjqka i;= whs;sjdislï rch úiska meyer yer 

we;e hs mjiñka uyudr®. yd ú≥,sh jeks uQ,sl há;, myiqlï imhd 

fok f,i Tjqka ,jd wr., lrùug rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk fjr ord 

we;' 

je† ck;djg we∫ï wekaoùu jkdys Tjqkag wysñ ù ;sfnk 

whs;sjdislula h


isoaêhla fy


jkakg mqΩjk' fu rg rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk iy wdOdr imhk m%cdj 

w;r iïnkaO;d b;d wvq uÜgulska mj;sk nj mr®fhaIKh uÛska fidhd 

f.k ;sfí' fuh wdOdr iemfhk m%cdjg flfrk wk;=re weÛùuls' 

wdOdr ,nd.ekSfï wfmalaIdfjka fu rg rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" wdOdr 

imhk wdh;kj, wfmalaId iy w.ehSfï m%ñ;Skaj,g wkql+, jk m˙† 

iajlSh jHdmD;s ie,iqï ls¯u muKla fkd j is;a.kakd l;dj o .,md 

;sfí' flfia jqj o" úYd, jYfhka fn° .sh iy foaYmd,kSlrKhg ,la 

jQ ;s%l=Kdu,h jeks †ia;%slalhl iduh f.dvke.Sfï idr®:l;ajh yq≥ 

wdOdr ,dNSka f.a fyda nyqjdr®.sl lñgq ixLHdfjka uek.; fkd yels 

h' fn°.sh ck fldgia w;r iïnkaO;djka ys .=Kd;aul jYfhka is≥ ù 

we;s fjki uÛska th w.ehqug ,lals¯u jvd;a fhda.H h' fï i|yd fu 

rg rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk uekúka ilia ù ;sfí' 

flfia jqj o" ;%sl=Kdu, †ia;%slalfha rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk msysgqjd 

we;af;a fn°.sh yd foaYmd,kS lrKhg ,la jQ miqìula ;=< h' we;eï 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk i;= Tjqka f.a u kHdh m;%hka we;· fï yereK 

úg we;eï rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk ≥Ialr iy wk;=re∞hl idu 

jHdmdrj, fh°ug wlue;a;la olaj;s' fndfyduhla rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdk jdr®.sl lKavdhï wkqj fn° yqfola tl ck fldgila i|yd 

muKla fiajh ls¯ug lemù isá;s' 

wdOdr imhk wdh;k úiska fu rg ;;a;ajhka .ek fkd i,ld 

iduh we;s ls¯fï mrudr®:fhka §wuq wuqfõ msg isg wdfrdamkh lrkq 

,nk m%ñ;Ska iy wdlD;Ska fu rg ls%hd;aul jk rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdkj, meje;aug fnfyúka ydks∞hl ù we;' ;uka lghq;= lrk 

m%foaYfha ;;a;ajhka wkqj iduh



/já,a,la 

;%sl=Kdu, †ia;%slalfha úúO .%duhka ys wka;r® - jdr®.sl lñgq 

msysgqjd we;e hs mjid isá rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkhl ldr®hd,h 

fj; úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯yq .sh y' m%foaYfha 

.egqï úiª njla fuu ixúOdkh mejiS h' t n∫ wjia:djla fmkajd 

fok f,i ±ka jQ úg fou< iy uqia,sï ;reK lKavdhï 

iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrñka jdr®.jd° .egqï iu:hlg m;a lrkq 

,enQ §tlaia iy jhs hk .ï folla fÈa;% mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯kag 

fmkajd fokq ,enQ y' 

mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯ka fj; isoaêh meye†,s lrk ,oafoa 

fuhdldrfhks· 

rduidka †kj, ° §tlaia .fï m†xÑ øúv cd;slfhl=g wh;a 

yrll= ke;s jQ w;r" w,a,mq §jhs .fï ksjeis uqia,sï cd;slfhl= 

úiska th meyer .kakd ,oafoa hhs Tyq úYajdi lf


yrld fidhd .ekSfï ° jvd;a ls%hd;aul jQfha rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdkfha wdOdrh u; wdrïN l< uqia,sï ;reK lKavdhu nj 

mjiñka ks,Od˙hd weÛfírd.ekSug W;aidy lf


uvl,mqj †ia;%slalh ms


Ú 

wúêu;a hdka;%Kh uÛska .egqï ksrdlrKh lrk ,o wd.ñl 

wdh;k ^mQcd m%id†ka jykafia iy fldaú,a Ndrldr wêm;Ska& 

Ú wúêu;a hdka;%Kh uÛska .egqï ksrdlrKfha fh≥K t,aààB h" 

fmd,Sish" .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ iy c, tAcka;' 

.ïiNd 

jdr®.sl wr®nqoh mej;s iufha ° uvl,mq ck;dj t,aààB h" Y%S ,xld 

hqo yuq∞j fyda fmd,Sisfha iyh m;kjd fjkqjg ;u m%Yak úiπ .ekSu 

i|yd ksrka;rfhka u m%foaYfha úúO ixúOdk lrd msúish y' thg 

fya;=j jQfha by; lS wdh;kj, Wmldrh ,nd.ekSfuka miq we;súh 

yels wksgq m,úmdlj,g uqyqK°ug m%foaY jdiSka ìh ùuhs' .ïiNd 

ls%hd;aul fkd jk m%foaYj, jevysá ms˙ñ iy fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav,j, 

ks,Od¯yq hï hï ixúOdk msysgqj;s' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯u iy wdr®:ßl 

ixjr®Okh ksfhdackh lrñka wju ldka;d mṡ ila fuu ixúOdkj, 

lghq;= lr;s' 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska wdrïN lrk ,o ixjr®Ok iy idu lñgq 

ksYaÑ; ixjr®Ok lghq;= wrNhd fuu ixúOdk msysgqjd we;' .ï 

uÜgfï kdhl ldrld°ka f.ka iukaú; fuu ixúOdk wjêu;a 

l%fudamdhka yryd .egqï ksrdlrKh lr;s' fuhg w;sfr®lj rdcH fkd 

jk ixúOdk .Kkdjla .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯ï we;=Ω iduh f.dvke.Sfï 

ls%hdldrlï /ila wrUd we;' §lvlï ^.%dóh ck;d ixúO;d& w,a 

bkaidkshd îudc ixjr®Ok ixúOdkh& iy ir®fjdaoh o bka iuyrls' 

wd.ñl kdhlhska" úoaj;=ka iy jD;a;slhska úiska wdrïN lr we;s idu 

lñgq 

uvl,mqj idu lñgqj fun∫ ixúOdkhls' idud‚lhska 12 fofkl= 

f.ka ^yska≥ 5" ls%ia;shdks 4" uqia,sï 2" isxy, 1& iukaú; fuu idu 

lñgqj kd.˙l m%foaYfha jeäfhka u ls%hdld¯ jk w;r" w;awvx.=jg 

.ekSï iy w;=reoyka ùï iïnkaOfhka fmd,Sishg iy igka úrdu 

lñgqjg meñ◊,s b†˙m;a ls¯fï ksr;j isà' 2002 cqks j, ° jd,Épfka 

m%foaYfha we;s jQ .egqï j,ska miq fuu lñgqj h


yuq∞j" t,aààB h iy isú,a iudc kdhlhska w;r iyfhda.S;dj jr®Okh 

ls¯u i|yd fuu lñgqj j˙kajr /iaùï mj;ajhs' 

wd.ñl wdh;k úiska wúêu;a hdka;%Kh yryd .egqï ksrdlrKh lṡ u' 

uvl,mqfõ uqia,sï m%foaYj, yg.kakd .egqï m%Odk jYfhka 

ksrdlrKh lrkq ,nkafka uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj iy uqia,sï foajia:dk 

lñgq iïfï,kh úisks' iEu .ulg u uqia,sï lñgqjla ;sfnk w;r" 

tu lñgq jir ;=klg jrla uqia,sï wd.ñl lghq;= ms


1996 ° ishÆ u rcfha fiajlhskag uvl,mqj w;yer hk f,i 

t,aààB h ksfhda. l< w;r" .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ka f.ka fldgila muKla 

thg wjk; jQ y' Tjqka fuf;la wdmiq meñK ke;' wr®nqo fya;=fjka 

.%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s jeks ixúOdk wlr®ukH jQfhka" m%foaYfha ck;dj 

.ïiNd jeks wdh;k wdrïN l< y' rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk úiska 

.ïiNd wdrïN ls¯fï °" .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;s wl%sh úh' 

2' uvl,mqfõ uqia,sï ck;dj yqre mqre≥ ù isák .egqï 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï l%fudamdhka 

mqoa.,hska" mjq,a iy .ï w;r we;s jk wdrjq,a úi£fï ° uvl,mq 

uqia,sï m%cdj fnfyúka uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqj flfrys úYajdih ;nd 

;sfí' mqoa.,hska fyda mjqf,a idud‚lhska w;r l,d;=rlska we;sjk wdrjq, 

.%du fiajd ks,Od¯ fyda úoHd,hdêm;s jrfhl= fj; fhduq lrk uq;a" 

fndfyda úg Tjqka tu wdrjq,a uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqjg okajkq we;' 

iEu .ul u mdfya ls%hd;aul jk fuu ms˙ñka f.ka muKla iukaú; 

foajia:dk lñgqj" fu!,ú f.a m%Odk;ajfhka isl=rd∞ †kj, /iaù 

meñ◊,s Ndr.kq ,efí' foajia:dk lñgqj úiska m;alrkq ,nk ks,Od¯ka 

fofokl= meñ◊,s .ek m¯laIKhla mj;ajd b†˙m;a lrkq ,nk jdr®;dj 

mokï lrf.k" foajia:dk lñgqj wjidk ;SrKhla lrhs' wdrjq, kS;sh 

yd iïnkaO tlla kï th fmd,Sish fj; fhduq lrkq we;' uvl,mq 

uqia,sï m%cdj f.a wdrjq,a †ia;%slalfha foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,k ;=k 

uÛska o ksrdlrKh lrkq ,efí' we;eï wjia:dj, uvl,mq idu lñgqfõ" 

fmd,Sisfha yd t,aààB fha iyfhda.h o fuhg ,efnk we;' uvl,mqfõ 

foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,k ;=k ldka;kal=ä" trdjq,a iy jd,Épfkhs ys 

msysgd ;sfí' 

wka;r® - jdr®.sl wdrjq,a" úfYaIfhka t,aààB h fyda hqo yuq∞j 

iïnkaO w;awvx.=jg .ekSu" w;=reoka ùu" ñkSuereï iy cd;sjd° .egqï 

úi£fï ,d †ia;%sla iïfï,kh j.lSu orhs' uqia,sï .ula yd fjk;a ck 

fldgilg wh;a .ula w;r wdrjq,a we;s jQ úg th †ia;%sla iïfï,khg 

fhduqls¯ug fmr" w∞, foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,kh isoaêhg iïnkaO 

lKavdhï y∫kd .ekSu ms◊i uQ,sl m¯laIK mj;ajkq ,efí' tu 

lKavdhï ;u n, m%foaYhg wh;a kï foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,kh 

úiska w∞, isoaêh iïnkaO j.lSu ;uka fj; mjrd .kq we;' 2002 cqks 

j, ° yg.;a jd,ÉÑfkhs isoaêfhka miq uqia,sï foajia:dk iïfï,kh 

uvl,mqj idu lñgqfõ ° uqia,sï ck;dj ksfhdackh flf


uqia,sï ;reKfhl= meyerf.k f.dia urd ±ófï idmrdë ls%hdj 

iïnkaOfhka jd,ÉÑfkhs uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,kh fmd,Sish" 

t,aààB h iy m%foaYfha rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkhla yd tlaj lghq;= 

lrk nj fuu mr®fhaIKh fufyhjkq ,enQ wjêfha ° ±k.kakg ,eì◊' 

uqia,sï foajia:dk iïfï,kfha jevj,g Y%S ,xld uqia,sï fldka.%ih 

iy cd;sl tlai;a fmruqK weÛs,s .ik njg fpdaokd lSmhla t,a,ú◊' 

tfy;a fuh ;yjqre ls¯ug fÈa;%fha mr®fhaIK ks,Od¯ lKavdhu 

wfmdfydi;a úh' 

uvl,mqfõ uqia,sï ck;dj fjkqfjka jevigyka ls%hd;aul lrkq 

,nk rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

l%fudamdhka Rcqj wkq.ukh lrk wjia:d úr, h' iajlSh ixjr®Ok 

jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯fï ° uqia,sï m%cdj iuÛ we;s lr.kakd ióm 

iïnkaO;dj ksid Tjqka f.a .egÆ ms


ms


meñ◊,s l< y' idu idlÉ√dj, m%;sM,hla jYfhka iuyr bvï uqia,sï 

cd;slhskag wdmiq ,nd.ekSug yels úh' tfy;a bvï wdmiq ,nd.ekSug 

fkd yels jQ iEfyk uqia,sï cd;slhska ixLHdjla ;ju;a isá;s' 

wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ° wdrjq,g Ndckh jQ mdr®Yaj lrejka yd 

t,aààB h w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;djka ksid úYd, n,mEula is≥ fõ' 

igka úrdu .súiqfuka miq fndfyda t,aààB idud‚lsfhda rcfha md,k 

fmfoiaj, msysgd we;s ;u .ïìï" f.a f∞r n,d wdmiq meñ◊h y' Tjqyq 

ks;r u mdfya uqo,a .kqfokq iy wkjirfhka bvïj, m†xÑ ù isàu 

jeks ;uka f.a mjq,a mdr®Yaj lrejka ù isák wdrjq,a j,g iïnkaO 

fj;s' túg Tjqka f.a m%;sjd°yq Tjqkag úreoaOj t,aààB hg meñ◊,s 

lr;s' meñ◊,s t,aààB n,Od¯ka ndr.kakd uq;a tAjd úi|k †khla 

±lsh fkd yels neúka yd fmd,Sish fj; hEu ;u wdrlaIdjg ;r®ckhla 

neúka meñ◊,s lrejka rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk fj; irK m;d hEug 

is≥ ù we;' wjidkfha ° Tjqkg o l< yels fohla fkd ue;s ksid 

fmd,Sish fyda igka úrdu lñgqj fj; hEu i|yd rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk 

Tjqkag Wmfoia fo;s' ls%ia;shdksyq ;u wdrjq,a i|yd .fï foajia:dkfha 

mQcl ;=ud f.a Wmfoia ,nd.ks;s' wdrjq, iqyo wdldrfhka úi£ug Tyq 

wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" meñ◊,a, fmd,Sish fj; fhduq lrkq we;' 

4' uvl,mq m%foaYfha rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 

fuu rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj, jev igykaj,g wh;a úfYai 

wx.hls" .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a hdka;%Kh' .egqï ksrdlrKh 

ls¯fï ° fndfyda rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk uvl,mq idu lñgqfõ iyh 

m;;s' .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï lghq;=j,g .ï uÜgfï lñgq rdYshla 

ksr;j isák neúka tu lñgqj, Od˙;dj ;r ls¯u i|yd rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdk lghq;= lrñka isá;s' ldka;d m%Yak iïnkaOfhka ls%hd lrk 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" †lalido we;=Ω .Dyia: lreKq yd l,d;=rlska 

,sx.sl wmpdr isoaêka ms


†hqKqjg ndOdjla nj Tjqkag jegyS f.dia we;' ≥ria: .ïudk m%foaYfha 

m˙md,k hdka;%hg ióm ke;' Yla;su;a m˙md,k ixúOdkhla o tu 

.ïudkj, fkd ue;' 

b;s˙ ls¯fï yd Kh °fï fhdackd l%u yryd rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk 

uvl,mqfõ iuyr .ïj, iduh f.dvke.Sfï ls%hdldrlïj, ksr;j 

isá;s' fuu rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska msysgqjd we;s .ï iNdj fj; 

.egÆ úi£u i|yd wdOdr b,a,d meñ◊,s lSmhla ,eî we;' .%dufiajd 

ks,Od¯ f.a fyda iud∞k úksYaplrejka f.ka wjYH iyh ,nd .kakd 

f,i fldñáfha m%Odkshd meñ◊,s lrejkag Wmfoia ° ;snq◊' fuu 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk il%Shj ish lghq;= lrkq ,nk .ïj, fmd,Sishla 

fya .%du ixjr®Ok iñ;shla fyda ke;s neúka" ixúOdkh úiska msysgqjd 

we;s lñgqj, iyh ,nd .ekSug ck;dj Wkka≥ ù isà' th im, 

kqjqjfyd;a wdrjq,g iïnkaO mqoa.,fhda t,aààB fha iyh me;Sug 

fm


mṡ ñ" jeäysá iy ;reK fldgiaj, iudk ∞hl;ajh wfmalaId 

lrhs' fkdfhl=;a lñgqj,g .ïjdiSka m;als˙u uÛska lñgqj jvd;a 

mqΩ,a whq˙ka ksfhdackh ls¯ug ;vlï ixúOdkh W;aidy orhs' 

.%dufiajd ks,Od¯ka" iuDê ks,Od¯ka" fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav, 

idud‚lhska" ú≥y,am;s jreka wd°ka f.ka iukaú; .ï ixjr®Okh 

ls¯fï lKavdhï z;vlïZ wdh;kfha Wmfoia msg msysgqjd ;sfí' 

.fï ixjr®Okh iïnkaOfhka Tjqyq WmfoaYlhska f,i o lghq;= 

lr;s' fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav, idud‚lhska iy c, tAcka;jreka 

f.ka iukaú; lDIslr®u lKavdhula o z;vlïZ ixúOdkh úiska 

ìys lr ;sfí' fuu wdh;k m%cd .egÆ j,g úi∫ï fiùug;a .ï 

w;r mj;akd m%cd wdrjq,a úi£ug;a Wmld¯ fõ' ksor®YKhla 

jYfhka fuu mr®fhaIKh meje;afjñka ;sìh ° mṡ ïmd†;Sjq iy 

uqr.ka;Sjq .ï fol w;r mdi,la wdrïN ls¯u iïnkaOfhka 

mekkeÛs wdrjq,la tu .ï fofla ixjr®Ok lKavdhïj, tAldnoaO 

ue†y;a ùfuka úifoñka ;snq◊' igka úrdu .súiqug fmr 7 fjks 

mka;sh olajd b.ekaùï l< mdi, uqre.ka;Sjq fj; f.kk ,°' 

^ú≥y,am;s jrhd iy wdpdr®h uKav,h úiska lrk ,o meñ◊,s 

ksid ú≥y, fjk;a ia:dkhlg f.khEug is≥ jQ nj úYajdi ls¯ug 

;rï fya;= msmd†;sjq jeishka i;=j ;snq◊'& mdi, fjk;a ;eklg 

f.k tAu iïnkaOfhka uqre.ka;Sjq isiqyq m%idoh m< l< uq;a 

ms˙ïmd†;Sjq ck;dj m%ldY lr isáfha isiqka fndfyda fofkla Tjqka 

f.a .ï iy bka tmsg .ïj, isg meñfKk nj h' fuu wr®nqoh 

úi£u i|yd .ï fofla u ixjr®Ok lKavdhï idlÉPd lrñka 

isá;s' .Dyia: iy wdr®:ßl m%Yak ms


jka†hla jro is≥ l< mqoa.,hd úiska f.ùu ksid wdrjq, iduldój 

úi∫◊' 


kdÉÑjkalSjka - jd,ÉÑfkhs 

mjq,a 262 lska hq;a kÉÑjkalSjka .%duh jd,ÉÑfkhs m%foaYhg 

tmsáka l=vd ¥m;l msysgd we;' m%foaYfha jeishka f.a m%Odk; u 

„jfkdamdh ëjr lr®udka;h jk w;r jr®Id ld,fha ° .ukd.ukh 

yqfola fndaÜgqj,g muKla iSud ù we;' ¥m; iy f.dvìu iïnkaO 

lrkq ,nk udr®.h j;=rg hgùu thg fya;=jhs' fi!LH fyda ú≥,sh 

myiqlï fyda fkd ue;' hqoaOh mej;s iufha ck;dj fnfyúka 

wj;eka jQ w;r ;eka;ekaj, „j;a jQ y' ±ka Tjqyq wdmiq meñ◊ 

isá;s' 

§;vlï ixúOdkh .%dóh ixjr®Ok jHdmD;Ska ls%hd;aul lrñka 

isáhs' f.dvìñka fjka jQ ksid ck;dj yqol,d „ú;hla .; lr;s' 

§;vlï ixúOdkfha ueoy;aùu ck;dj ±ä úYajdihlska hq;= j 

;u wjYH;d iy uqyqK md we;s ≥Ialr;ajhka .ek idlÉPd ls¯ug 

fm


úiska msysgqjk ,°' .%du ixjr®Ok lñgqj iy ldka;d lñgqj .egÆ 

ksrdlrKh ls¯fï m%Odk wdh;kfhda h' mjqf,a m%Yak iy bvïj, 

udhsï ms


wïmdr †ia;%slalh ms


Ú 

Ú 

Ú 

foaYmd,k kdhlldrld°ka úiska msysgqjd we;s idu uKav, 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq iy uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,kh 

t,aààB h" fmd,Sish" .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ iy c, tAcka; jreka 

úiska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

l%fudamdhka 

m%foaY jdiSka úiska ia:dmkh lrk ,o .ïiNd 

wïmdr †ia;%slalfha iuyr isxy, yd fou< .ïj, fjfik mqoa.,hska" 

mjq,a iy .ï w;r yg.kakd wdrjq,a úi£u i|yd .ïj, lKavdhï 

msysgqjd we;' fïjdfha ;k;=re ms˙ñka úiska fynùu .ïjdiSka f.a 

wNS,dIh ù ;sfí' isxy, .ïj, mkaif,a wkq.%yh hgf;a wdrïN lrkq 

,nk fuu lKavdhïj, uQ,sl rdcld˙h ù we;af;a mqoa.,hska iy mjq,a 

w;r we;sjk wdrjq,a úi£u fyda tAjdg ueoy;a ùu h' 

fou< cd;slhska iy uqia,sï cd;slhska f.a m%Odk „jfkdamdh uiqka 

ue¯u yd tA yd iïnkaO wfkla wdr®:ßluh ls%hd∞uhka h' Tjqka w;r 

yg.kakd wdrjq,a fíreï lrkq ,nkafka ëjr iñ;s úisks' iñ;s jr®. 

folls' tkï ëjrhska f.ka iukaú; ëjr iñ;sh iy fou< iy uqia,sï 

ck fldgiaj,g wh;a fndaÜgq whs;slrejka iy fj



wka;r® jdr®.sl .egÆ úiπ isxy," fou< iy uqia,sï ck fldgia 

w;r iqyo;dj ;yjqre ls¯u i|yd rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkj, 

ksfhda‚;hska" úoaj;=ka" jD;a;slhska iy wd.ñl kdhlhska f.a iyfhda.h 

we;sj idu lñgq msysgqjd ;sfí' hqoaOh mej;s ld,h ;=< wd.ñl kdhlhska" 

fmd,Sish" foaYmd,k mlaI iy hqoaO yuq∞j w;r iïnkaëlrKh mj;ajd 

f.k hEu i|yd wlalfrhsm;a;= idu moku iy fmd;=ú,a idu moku 

msysgqjk ,°' by; i|yka wdh;k ±ka rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk jYfhka 

,shdm†xÑ lr ;sfí' 

foaYmd,k kdhlhska úiska msysgqjd we;s idu uKav, 

2002 cqks udifha yg.;a jd,ÉÑfkhs isoaêfhka miq Y%S ,xld uqia,sï 

fldka.%ifha uka;%S tA't,a'tï' w;dW,a,d uy;d f.a iy uqia,sï foajia:dk 

lñgqfõ kdhl;ajh hgf;a wlalrm;a;= wka;r® - jdr®.sl idu iyfhda.S;d 

uKav,h msysgqjk ,°' tys wruqK ù we;af;a l,auqfKa" wlalrm;a;=j 

iy kska;djqr® ys m†xÑ isxy," uqia,sï iy fou< jeishka w;r yg.kakd 

wdrjq,a úi£u h' miqj ;j;a wka;r® jdr®.sl idu iyfhda.s;d uKav,hla 

fou< cd;sl ikaOdkfha uka;%S pkaøfkare uy;d hgf;a wd,hshd† fjïnq 

m%foaYfha wdrïN lrk ,°' fuu iNd fofla u idud‚l ixLHDj 12 ls' 

ckjdr®.sl fldgia w;r u;=jk .egÆ ksrdlrKh lr iqyo;dj mj;ajd 

f.k hEu i|yd fï uKav, fofla idud‚lfhda t,aààB h iy fmd,Sish 

iuÛ idlÉPd meje;ajQ y' idud‚lhska w;r Wkka≥jla fkd ;sîu yd 

wNHka;r foaYmd,k .egÆ fya;=fjka fuu uKav, ±ka wlr®ukH ù 

;sfí' 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq yd uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq iïfï,kh 

uqia,sï ck;dj ;u m%cdj iïnkaO .egÆ ksrdlrKh ls¯u i|yd 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqfõ wdOdrh m;;s' fu!,ú ;=ud f.a kdhl;ajh 

hgf;a lñgqj /ia ù meñ◊,s ms


mqoa.,hska úiska ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nk .egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a 

l%fudamdhka 

iuyr .egÆ t,aààB fha foaYmd,k wxYfha m%dfoaYSh ldr®hd, iy 

fmd,Sish fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí' mqoa.,hska" bvï" iy .Dyia: lreKq 

iïnkaOfhka we;sjk .egÆ úi£u i|yd .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ W;aidy 

lrhs' th widr®:l jk wjia:djka ys ° tu wdrjq,a idudkHfhka fmd,Sish 

fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí' fou< m


w∞, m%dr®Yajhka fj; is;dis ksl=;a lrkq we;' iu: uKav,fha 

idud‚l ixLHDj wêlrK wud;HdxYh úiska .eiÜ ksfõokhla 

uÛska kshu lrkq ,efí' f;dard .kakd ,o ksfhda‚;hska fofokd 

f.ka tla wfhl= m%Odk ue†y;alre jYfhka ls%hd lrhs' mdr®Yaj 

lrefjl= ;uka fj; ksl=;a lrk ,o is;dishla wkqj kshñ; †kg 

fmkS fkd isáh fyd;a" th ;=ka jrla h



wlalrm;a;= iy wf,hshd†fjïnq m%foaYj, we;s jQ isoaëkag 

lgl;d n,mE whqre 

2002 fkdjeïnrfha ° ;S%ú,a r:hla iEfyk fõ,djla tl u 

ia:dkfha kj;ajd ;sîug fya;= ù we;af;a tys uqia,sï ˙h≥rd t,aààB 

h úiska meyer f.k hk ,o ksidh hk lgl;dj wlalrm;a;=j 

k.rh mqrd me;sr .sfha h' ;;a;ajh fl;rï W.%ù o h;a" fou< 

jeishkag m%isoaO mdrj, .uka ls¯u wmyiq ùu ksid uqia,sï m%foaY 

yryd hEug is≥úh' uqia,sï ck;djg o tu brKug u uqyqK mEug 

is≥ú◊' ;u ñ;=frl= yuqùug .sh nj mejiQ ;%Sfrdao ˙h≥rd miq †k 

wdmiq meñ”u ksid ;;a;ajh iuyka úh' 

miq †k ;j;a isoaêhla we;súh' uqia,sï m


ksfhda‚;fhl= wlalrm;a;= idu lñgqfõ f,alïjreka yuq úh' miqj" 

Tjqka fï ms


n, m%foaYh ;=< ishÆ u .ïj, fuu jevms


;;a;ajhkag uq,a jQ fya;= meye†,s ls¯u i|yd Tjqka ±kqj;a ls¯fï 

/iaùï mj;ajd ;sfí' 

3(2 rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk ±rE fjk;a m%h;akhka 

ixjr®Ok fyda b;ṡ ls¯ï yryd Kh°fï jHdmD;s" iajhx /lshd' lDIs 

ixjr®Ok iy ldka;djka ±kqj;a ls¯fï fhdackd l%u jeks fjk;a lghq;= 

ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd msysgqjd we;s .%dóh lKavdhï mqoa.,hska mjq,a iy 

úúO ck fldgia w;r yg.efkk wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ,d 

WfoHda.fhka ls%hd lr;s' uqia,sï .ïj, ≥.S ≥mam;a ldka;djka fjkqfjka 

wem lem ù lghq;= lrk w,a l=˙Ia iud ixjr®Ok wdh;kh iajhx /lshd 

i|yd b;ṡ ls¯fï yd Kh °fï jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd .ïj, 

úfYaI lKavdhï msysgqjd ;sfí' ck fldgia w;r yg.kakd úúO wdrjq,a 

iukh ls¯fï ,d Tjqka ls%hd lrk wjia:d o we;' t jeks wjia:dj, ° 

wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh ls¯ug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" wdrjq,g iïnkaO 

mdr®Yaj lrejkag uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgqfõ fyda fmd,Sisfha iyh m;k 

f,i o Wmfoia fokq we;' jdr®.sl .egqïj, ° m%Odk jYfhka iïnkaO 

jk ;reK fldgia ∞hl lrf.k isxy," fou< yd uqia,sï ck fldgia 

w;r yg.kakd wdrjq,a iukh ls¯u i|yd Tjqka idu jevigyka †h;a 

lr ;sfí' fuu ixúOdkh úiska .ï w;r udhsï m%foaYhka ys m†xÑ 

;reKhska f.ka iukaú; w,al=˙Ia ;reK idu n,ldhla msysgqjd we;s 

w;r Tjqkag kdhl;ajh" ikaksfõokh" iduh ms


k;amoa†uqfkhs .%dufha uqia,sï nyq;rhla ^mjq,a 1400& iy fou< 

iqΩ;rhla ^mjq,a 100& „j;a jk w;r" fikdhsl=†hq˙mamq .%dufha 

fou< nyq;rhla ^mjq,a 500& iy uqia,sï iqΩ;rhla ^mjq,a 25& isá;s' 

.u msysgd we;s wdldrh wkqj fou< yd uqia,sïjrekag k.rhg 

fyda f.dú;eka lrk l=Uqre fj; hEug is≥ ù we;af;a Tjqfkdjqka 

f.a .ïìï yryd h' t neúka .egqïld¯ ;;a;ajhka Woa.;jk 

wjia:dj, ° fou< yd uqia,sï cd;slhskag yqfola ;u f.j,a f∞rj,a 

;=


Ú zjhsZ fou< cd;slfhl= neúka Tyq fmd,Sishg ndr ≥kfyd;a 

tuÛska jv jvd;a .egÆ we;sùug bvlv ;sfí' 

zjhsZ t,aààB hg Ndr°fuka miq Tjqyq b;s˙ uqia,sï


,efí' mqoa.,hska" mjq,a" .ï" ckjdr®.sl fldgia" t,aààB h fyda Y%S ,xld 

hqoaO yuq∞j iuÛ fyda fõjd mj;sk wdrjq,a ksrdlrKh lr.ekSu i|yd 

uqia,sï foajia:dk lñgq fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí' bvï" bvï n≥°u iy 

mjqf,a bvï Wreuh ms


.egÆ .ek fidhdne,Su i|yd m†xÑ .ï m%foaYj, lKavdhï msysgqjd 

;sfí' ;reK ms˙ia idud‚lhska jYfhka lghq;= lrk fuu lKavdhïj,g 

m%foaYfha m%N+jrfhla kdhl;ajh f.k ls%hd lrñka wjYH Wmfoia 

,ndfokq ,efí' fndfyda wjia:dj, tu .ï m%Odkshd f.a nig wfkla 

mṡ ia lkafokq we;' fuu lKavdhïj, we;eï idud‚lfhda igka úrdu 

.súiqu w;aika ls¯fuka miq t,aààB h w;ayer wdmiq meñK ±ka ;u 

;uka f.a mjq,aj, lghq;=j,g iïnkaO ù isá;s' .%dufiajd ks,Od¯ iy 

t,aààB m%dfoaYsl kdhlhd fuu lñgqj, iïnkaëlrK lghq;=j,g 

Wmld¯ fõ' tu lKavdhï ;u ck fldgiaj,g iïnkaO m%Yak ksrdlrKh 

ls¯ug iu;a ù isá;s' îsoaê wOHhk 18 n,kak'& 

iuyr lñgq tAjd i;= ldr®hhNdrh t,aààB fha idud‚lfhl=g fyda 

t,aààB rKúrefjl=g fyda iuyr wjia:dj, foaYmd,k mlaIhlg wh;a 

.fï m%Odkshl= fj; fyda mjrkq we;' fufia ls¯ug fya;=j ù we;af;a 

fuu mqoa.,hska foaYmd,k jYfhka úúO iïnkaO;d mj;ajk neúka 

.fï .egÆ idr®:l whq˙ka úiπ.; yels h hk úYajdihhs' 

iuyr .ïj, fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav, ks,Od¯yq lKavdhï kdhlhska 

jYfhka o lghq;= lr;s' fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav, ks,Od¯ka bvï 

ysñlrejka jk w;r Tjqka uyckhd úiska f;dard m;a flfr®' ;u ieñhka 

iuÛ u;fNao we;s lr.;a ì˙hkag" ieñhka iuÛ u „j;a jk f,i 

Wmfoia fok w;r thg wjk; fkd jk ldka;djkag ;u uõmshka 

fj; wdmiq hdug is≥ fõ' iuyr wjia:dj, fldaú,a Ndrldr uKav, 

ì˙hkag muKla fkd j Tjqka f.a ieñhkag o wjYH Wmfoia yd wkqYdikd 

mj;ajkq ,efí' iykh m;d ixúOdkj, Wmfoia m;k ldka;djkag 

muKla †lalido ùu i|yd kS;suh ls%hdudr®. .; yels h' 

rcfha md,k fmfoiaj, t,aààB foaYmd,k ldr®hd, msysgqùu;a iuÛ 

u jeishka w;r u;=jk .egÆ nyq, jYfhka t,aààB idud‚lhska fj; 

fhduq lrkq ,efí' bvï ms


úiska meñ◊,s Ndr.kq ,nk uq;a tA ms



w,hd†fjïnq ys uyd Yla;s .%duh 

ikakoaO wr., ksid 1998 ° wïmdr †ia;%slalfha wj;eka jQ 

mjq,a 48 la uydYla;s kï ixúOdkhla uÛska uy Yla;s kue;s wÆ;a 

.%duhl m†xÑ lrk ,°' yqfola b;ṡ ls¯fï yd Kh °fï jHdmD;s 

ls%hd;aul ls¯u i|yd uyYla;s ixúOdkh úiska ldka;d iñ;shla 

msysgqjd ;sfí' mr®fhaIK lKavdhu uy Yla;s ixúOdkfha fiajl 

uKav,h iïuqL m¯laIKhg ,la l< wjia:dfõ" .u ;=< wdrjq,a 

lsisjla fkd ue;s nj Tjqyq mejiQ y' tfy;a b|ysg wysl=KAGßlhskag 

fmd≥


udr®;=j, ° msysgqjk ,oafoa fuu wdrjq,g m%;spdrhla jYfhks' fuu 

ixúOdkh lismamq" mdi,a fkdhk


jõkshd †ia;%slalh ms


h fyda ikakoaO yuq∞ fj; fhduq fl˙◊' we;eï .ïj, jeäysá mṡ ia 

fjkqjg ;reK fldgia b†˙m;a jQ w;r wkH ;ekays jeäysá ixúOdk 

lsis;a ls%hd;aul fkd ù h' iqNidOl l|jqre fuhg l†u ksor®YKhls' 

jõkshdfõ muKla m%Odk iqNidOl l|jqre kjhla we;' tfuka u 

m†xÑlrefjda ;u wdrjq,a fyda .egÆ l|jqre n,Od¯ka fj; fhduq lr;s' 

l|jqre jeishka f.a ≥la.ekú,s j,g lka°u i|yd tla m%Odk l|jqrl 

udkj ysñlï fldñifï m%Odk;ajfhka lñgqjla msysgqjd ;sfí' .Dyia: 

.egÆ iïnkaOfhka wj;eka jQ mjq,a m†xÑ ù isák l+vdrï j,g hdno 

ksfjiaj, m†xÑ wi,ajeis ck;dj ue†y;a fõ' l|jqre jeishka iy 

wi,ajdiSka w;r yg .efkk wdrjq,a j,g fmd,Sish" yuq∞j" .%dufiajd 

ks,Od¯ fyda t,aààB h ue†y;a fõ' .fï m%Odk udj;l rxpq msáka .uka 

ls¯fï ;u whs;sh wjOdrKh l< mqkafldÜgï iqNidOl uOHia:dkfha 

;reK ms˙ila iy wi,ajeis .ul ;reKhl= w;r ynhla we;súh' ;reK 

mṡ ig iKavq ls¯fuka j,lsk f,i t,aààB h wjjdo l< uq;a" Tjqyq 

onrhlg u iQ∞kï jQ y' fgf,da" maf,dÜ jeks yuq∞ iyhl lKavdhï 

.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï ,d jeo.;a ldr®hhNdrhla bgq lrhs' 

.fï kdhl;ajh f.k m%cd wjYH;d imqrd,Su;a rdcH fkd jk 

ixúOdk úiska imhk ,o wruqo,a uÛska jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul ls¯fï j.lSu 

±¯u ms◊i;a .ïj, lñgq msysgqùu uÛska ck fldgia n,d;aul ls¯u 

i|yd;a rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk uq,a ;ekla f.k lghq;= l< y' .fï 

wdrjq,a úi£u i|yd fuu lñgqj,g Yla;sh we;ehs o wfmalaId flfr®' 

isjmqrfuka .%du ixjr®Ok wruqo, uÛska kej; m†xÑ lrk ,o .ï 

foll msysgqjk ,o lñgq m%cd iy wka;r® m%cd .egqï iukh ls¯fï ,d 

Wkka≥jla ±lajQ y' wkH wjia:dj, ° rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk fyda 

tAjdfha fÈa;% ks,Od¯ yq iyNd.s jQ y' tA i|yd l†u ksor®Ykhla my; 

±la fõ' wÆ;ska msysgq jQ .ul jeishkag c,h iemhSu m%Yakhla ùu ksid 

m%foaYfha m%cd lghq;= j, ksr;j isá rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkh wi,ajeis 

.ul jeishka yd idlÉPd lr Tjqka f.a



lismamq m%Yakhg .ula uqyqK ≥ka wdldrh ( isjmqrï 2 .%duh 

isjmqrï 2 jõkshd - jõkshd - ukakdrï uyudr®.h winv wÆ;ska 

msysgqjk ,o .uls' tys jkaksh" uq,;sõ iy hdmkfhka meñ◊ 

mjq,a 65 la m†xÑj isá;s' fgf,da ixúOdkh úiska 1995 ° wdrïN 

lrk ,o fuu .fuys iEu jeisfhl=g u wlalr 1$4l bvï 

lene,a,la ,enqK w;r" we;eï mjq,a f.dú;eka ls¯fï fh≥K 

w;r" nyq;rh t†fk∞ l=,S jevj, ksr; úh' wÆ;ska msysg jQ .ula 

ksid uQ,sl wjYH;d ish,a, iemhsh hq;= jqj o" mekkeÛs ffk;sl 

.egÆ lSmhla ksid yqfola jeisls,s jeks w;HjYH fiajd iemhSu 

mjd .%du ixjr®Ok wruqo,g .egÆjla úh' rd;%s ld,fha yuq∞ we¢˙ 

kS;sh W,a,x>kh ls¯ï jeks isoaëkag fya;=jk neúka" jeislsslhska 

jYfhka lghq;= lr;s' .◊ld jD;a;sh yd u;a mekg wíneysùu" 

lñgqj y∫kd .;a m%Yak folls' fuu jHik foflka .ï jdiSka 

fírd.ekSug lñgqj lghq;= lrk uq;a" ys;=jlaldr wkaoñka †.ska 

†.g tAjdg weíneys jk mqoa.,hska m%cd iudcfhka neyer ls¯u 

mjd is≥ fõ' flfia jqj o tjka mshjrla .ekSug fmr Tjqka hym;a 

mqrjeishka ls¯ug lñgqj ishÆ m˙Y%u orkq we;' b;d oreKq f,i 

u;amekg .scq jQ mqoa.,hl= iïnkaOfhka lñgqj ue†y;a ù Tyq 

fírd.;a wdldrh jeo.;a isoaêhls' fuys ° w∞, ieñhd iy ì˙h 

iuÛ lñgq idud‚lhka fjkafjka jYfhka l< idlÉPdjlska miq 

h:d ;;a;ajh y∫kd f.k" Tjqka fofokdg ;u j.lSï wjfndaO 

lrk ,°' miqj ieñhd yer∞ hk njg ì˙h l< ;r®ck yd ieñhdj 

m%cd iudcfhka bj;a lrk njg l< wk;=re weÛùu ksid" mjq,la 

úkdYfhka uqojd .ekSug yelsúh' lismamq uqo,d,s iïnkaOfhka 

.%dufiajd ks,Od¯" fmd,Sish iy hdno yuq∞ l|jqrg okajd isá uq;a 

bka m,la fkd ù h' lñgqj úiska lismamq uqo,d,sj ish jHdmdrh 

wjika lrk f,i ±kajQ uq;a thska o m%;sM,hla is≥ fkd ùu ksid 

wjidkfha ° Tyq f.a lismamq fm¯fï WmlrK úkdY lr ±óug 

is≥úh' .egÆj bka yudr úh' 

134



isjmqrï 2 iy ys–rdlamqrï .ï folg 

,nd≥ka bvï m%udKj;a o@ 

isjmqrï 2 .%duh msysgd we;af;a wr®nqohlg ;=vq ≥ka bvul h' 

1990 g fmr uqia,sï mjq,a m%foaYfha „j;a jQ uq;a 1990 ° t,aààB h 

úiska m,jd y˙k ,°' ys–rd;amqrï uqia,sï .%dufha mjq,a 36 lg 

wh;a foam, jr®;udk isjmqrï .%duhg Tífnka msysgd we;s w;r" 

bvï wgl ±ka ckhd m†xÑ ù isà' rcfha bvul m†xÑ ù isák 

neúka uqia,sï jeishkag ;u bvï len,s i|yd Tmamq lsisjla ke;' 

;uka ±kg m†xÑj isák bvï iïnkaOfhka we;eï uqia,sï 

mjq,aj,g ysñlula we;;a" tu bvïj, ±kg


t,aààB md,khg k;=j ;sfnk jkaksh 

ms


m%foaYjdiSka tA i|yd m%foaYfha rdcH fkd jk ixúOdkhla fyda t,aààB 

fhka wjir ,nd.; hq;= nj m%foaY jdiSyq mr®fhaIlhskag mejiQ y' .fuka 

msg ù hdfï ° t,aààB n,Od¯kag ±kaúh hq;= w;r Tjqka tA ms


idOdrK fkd fõ' bvfï whs;slre wi,ajeisfhl=g m˙Nj ls¯u ksid 

ysrf.g hjd we;' tfy;a fpdaokdj wêlrKhla yuqjg b†˙m;a lr 

fkd ue;' kvqj ;ju;a ksu ù ke;' úfYaIfhka msgia;r mqoa.,hska 

meñ”u ksid jhil mqoa.,hd .=á neáj,g f.d≥re fõ' jhil fcdavqjg 

orejka fkd ue;s w;r" ;uka i;= foafmd< wdmiq ,nd.ekSu i|yd Tjqyq 

±äj wêIAGdk lrf.k isá;s' 

jkaks m%foaYfha uqia,sï ck;dj f.a bvï m%Yak úif|k wdldrh 

fndfyda úg bvfï msysàu u; rπmj;S' uqyq≥ fldáka f.a wê wdrlaIl 

m%foaYhla jk uq,;sõ ys uqia,sïjre i;= bvï lsisjlg Tjqkag hEug 

wjir ke;' th ;ykï l,dmhls' iuyr wjia:dj, uqia,sïjre ;uka 

f.a bvlvï lrd ia:Ír jYfhka wdmiq meñ”ug wfmalaId fkd lr;;a" 

th ;uka fj; ,nd.ekSug ls%hd lr;s' ksor®Ykhla jYfhka" t,aààB h 

úYd, f,i m†xÑ ù isák ls,sfkdÉÑ k.rfha uqia,sïjre ;uka i;= 

f.dvke.s,s wdmiq ,nd.ekSu i|yd Rcqj u t,aààB h iuÛ idlÉPd 

lrñka isá;s' l=,shg °fï jevms


1 fjks weuqKqu 

;j≥rg;a mr®fhaIK meje;aùfï fhdackd 

fuu wOHhkh yqfola udi 2 1$2 la jeks iqΩ ld,hla ;=< ° ksu 

lrk ,oaols' fjkia l%ufõo wkq.ukh lrñka jvd;a .eUqre wOHhkhla 

lf


u ±kg iduh f.dvke.SFï ls%hdj,sfha ksr; mqoa.,hskag tu hdka;%K 

M,∞hS whq˙ka Wmfhda.S lr.; yelafla o hkak wjfndaO lr .; yels 

h' 

Ú wdrjq,aj,g fya;= jQ lreKq ms


.egqï ksrdlrKh ls¯fï wúêu;a ls%hdms


foaYSh rdcH fkd jk wdh;k" úúO ck fldgia iy wdOdr imhk wdh;k 

w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;d ms


Ú .%dóh kdhl;ajh ms



m˙YS,kh i|yd ksr®foaYs; .%ka: 

hqoaOh;a" l∫Ω;a w;r( hqoaOfhka úm;g m;a Y%S ,xldjg wdOdr °fï 

° uqyqK mEug is≥jk .egÆ 

- ndr®Ü laf,ï 

fuh ks–fu.kayS cd;Hka;r ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkfha m%ldYkfhls' 

Y%S ,xldfõ hqoaOfha fldgia lrejka fuka u hqoaOh flfrys o wdOdr 

iemhSfï ixúOdk j,ska is≥jk n,mEu úuid ne,Su fuys wruqK fõ' 

hqoaOfhka úkdYhg m;a m%foaYj, ksr; wdOdr iemhSfï ixúOdkj,g 

uqyqK mEug is≥ ù we;s .egÆ fï fmd;g flakaø ù ;sfí' ks,dfõ,s 

iqNidOk uOHia:dkfha l%uj;a l< jdr®;dlrKh i|yd ish,a, f.a u 

leue;a; m%ldr ldr®hh uKav,hla m;als¯fï ° u;= jQ m%Yak idlÉPdjg 

n∫ka ù ;sfí' 

.egqïld¯ l,dmhla ;=< Yla;su;a wdh;k msysgqùu ( 

Y%S ,xldfõ udkqISh wdOdr jevigyk ldka;djl f.a weiska 

- ud,;S o w,aúia iy fcksµr® yskaâuka 

^jdr®.sl wOHhk ms


w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh ls¯u tys ;j;a wx.hla fõ' tA 

yereK úg ldka;d fi!LHh ldka;d ysxikh iy wd∞hu iqrlaIs; ls¯fï 

wdh;k ia:dmkh ls¯u i|yd iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr.ekSfï yelshdj o 

fuu jdr®;djg wruqKq ù ;sfí' 

iduh W∞ls¯u i|yd l,auqfka idu lñgqfõ úYsIag fiajdj w.h 

,lalr ;sfí' u;amekg f.d≥rejQ mṡ ia ms


fuh úIhdkq noaO wOHhkhls' tu wOHhkhla uÛska /lshdjla 

fidhd .ekSu" iy wÆ;ska m†xÑ jQ .ul wj;eka jQ uqia,sï cd;slhska 

kj m%cd tluq;=jla msysgqùfï jEhula .ek fuys úia;r lr we;' lïlre 

fldka;%d;alre .súi .ekSu" lKavdhï jYfhka jevlr uqo,a fn∞ y∞ 

.ekSu iy w.ysÛlï j,g uqyqKmdk idud‚lhskag Wmldr ls¯u i|yd 

ishÆ idud‚lhska f.a ∞hl;ajh ,nk wruqo,la msysgqùu kj m%cd 

tluq;=fõ wx.hka úh' 

ldka;d iúh ( 

whs;sjdislï" kej; m†xÑ ls¯u iy wj;eka jQ ldka;djka ûdkj 

ysñlï wOHhk uOHia:dkh - 2003& 

igka úrdu .súiqfuka miq Yd¯˙l wk;=re" wdr®:ßl wjysrlï iy 

há;, myiqlï fkd ue;sùu" kej; m†xÑ ls¯u hkd†h ldka;djka 

b,lal lr.;a m%uqL;ajfhda h' wj;eka jQ ldka;djka f.a iqN isoaêh 

;ld kj jHdmD;s ilia ls¯fï ° ldka;djka .ek úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a 

ùu iy th wj;eka jQ ldka;djkag fiajd iemhSfï wdh;kj, m%uqL;ajhla 

úh hq;= nj jdr®;dj mjihs' uvqm,a,sfha lkHd ifydao˙hka wdrjq,a ksrjq,a 

ls¯fï ,d jeo.;a jqj o" th t ;rï idr®:l jQ ls%hdudr®.hla fkd ù h' 

iqN idOk uOHia:dkj, ldka;d wdrlaIdj iy;sl fkd jk 

wjia:dj, ° tA i|yd wÆ;ska msysgqjd we;s zldka;d lñgqZ wNsnjd fmd,Sish" 

uqia,sï foajia:Dk lñgq fyda uqia,sï fm!oa.,sl kS;sh ms


uqia,sï ck;dj n,y;aldrfhka Y%S ,xldfõ 

W;=re m


wdydr iqrlaIs; Ndjh ms


hqoaOh ksid ck.ykh wj;ekaùfï ixisoaêh mq;a;,u iy l,amsáh 

fmfoiaj, ksjeis ldka;djkag n,md we;s whqre m%Odk jYfhka fuys 

u;=lr fmkajhs' idïm%∞hsl mjq, h



iïuqL m¯laIKhg ,la jQ wdh;k ,hsia;=j 

rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" isú,a iudch yd tlai;a cd;Ska f.a wdh;k 

Ú hqoaOfhka ydks meñ◊ ldka;djka f.a ixúOdkh" wlalrm;a;=j" wïmdr' 

Ú tAtÉtAtï" ;%sl=Kdu,h' 

Ú w,a bkaidkshd iudc ixjr®Ok ixúOdkh" jd,ÉÑfkhs" uvl,mqj' 

Ú w,a l=jd˙ia ck;d ixjr®Ok ixúOdkh" wïmdr' 

Ú uvl,mqj idu lñgqj" uvl,mqj' 

Ú ldka;d ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" hdmkh' 

Ú ukakdru mqrjeis lñgqj" mq;a;,u' 

Ú iduh iy fyd|ys; i|yd jQ mqrjeis iNdj" hdmkh' 

Ú m%cd ixjr®Ok moku" jka;rdreuq,hs" uvl,mqj' 

Ú m%cd Ndrldr wruqo," mq;a;,u' 

Ú rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk iNdj" hdmkh' 

Ú W;=fr® wj;eka jQ uqia,sï jeishka f.a ixúOdkh" hdmkh' 

Ú B'tÉ'B'ã" uvl,mqj' 

Ú tiaflda" uvl,mqj' 

Ú mjq,a WmfoaYk uOHia:dkh" ukakdru' 

Ú fµdareÜ" hdmkh" ls,sfkdÉÑh' 

Ú yshqfvla" hdmkh' 

Ú udkj ysñlï fldñiu" hdmkh" ukakdru" mq;a;,u" jõkshdj' 

Ú bkhshõ" uvl,mqj' 

Ú


Ú hdmk ldka;d ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" hdmkh' 

Ú hdmkfha udkj ys;jd° wdh;k flakaøh' 

Ú hdmkfha iud„h ls%hdld¯ uOHia:dkh' 

Ú l,auqfKa idu moku" l,auqfKa" wïmdr' 

Ú lskakshd úIka" ;s%l=Kdu,h' 

Ú uyYla;s ixúOdkh" wïmdr' 

Ú rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk yjq," wïmdr" uvl,mqj" ukakdru" mq;a;,u" 

jõkshdj' 

Ú zW!ÜrEZ" hdmkh' 

Ú Tlaiaµr®â" jõkshdj' 

Ú idu iy m%cd ls%hdld¯ ixúOdkh" wïmdr' 

Ú ck;d flakaøh" mq;a;,u' 

Ú wdr®'tA'tA'tµa" mq;a;,u' 

Ú .%dóh ixjr®Ok wruqo," ukakdru" mq;a;,u" jõkshdj' 

Ú ir®fjdaoh" uvl,mqj" ukakdru" ;s%l=Kdu,h" jõkshdj' 

Ú ziSâZ jõkshdj' 

Ú fiajd,xld" wïmdr" hdmkh" mq;a;,u" jõkshdj' 

Ú Ydka;syï" hdmkh' 

Ú Ydka;s" ;s%l=Kdu,h' 

Ú iQ˙h ldka;d ixjr®Ok uOHia:dkh" uvl,mqj' 

Ú .%du ixjr®Ok iudc iqNidOk ixúOdkh" wïmdr' 

Ú ;%sl=Kdu, †ia;%sla ixjr®Ok ix.uh" ;s%l=Kdu,h' 

Ú fou< mqkre;a:dmk ixúOdkh" ukakdru' 

Ú fou< wkdOhska f.a mqkre;a:dmk uOHia:dkh" hdmkh' 

Ú ;shgr® welaIka .DDma" hdmkh' 

Ú ;vlï" uvl,mqj' 

Ú ;%sl=Kdu, bia,dóh ixjr®Ok ix.uh" ;%sl=Kdu,h' 

Ú wkd:hska ms


rdcH wdh;k 

Ú †idm;s( hdmkh" ls,sfkdÉÑ" jõkshdj' 

Ú .%dufiajd ks,Od¯( fma≥re;=vqj" fldamdhs" hdmkh" md,läÉfpkdhs" 

uq;=r®" ;s%l=Kdu,h" jÜg ú∞khr®" wdf,hsh †fjïnq" wïmdr' 

Ú iu: uKav,( wf,hsh†fjïnq" wïmdr" l=rekE., 

Ú t,aààB( hdmkh" jkaksh 

Ú BmsãmS( khsÜia" hdmkh' 

Ú Y%S ,xld igka úrdu lñgqj( ukakdru" hdmkh' 

.ïj, msysgd we;s iqNidOk uOHia:dk 

Ú wd,kaflks" ;%sl=Kdu,h' 

Ú wf,hsh†fjÉpq" wïmdr' 

Ú w˙mamq" ukakdru' 

Ú t˙;=,ïmsá" mq;a;,u 

Ú ys–rdmqrï" mq;a;,u' 

Ú ys–rdmqrï" jõkshdj' 

Ú lhs;ä" hdmkh' 

Ú lkakla;smq˙" uvl,mqj' 

Ú fldȧ l,a,sudvq" uvl,mqj' 

Ú lrïndhs" mq;a;,u' 

Ú ljd∞msÜá" wïmdr' 

Ú fldamdhs" hdmkh' 

Ú l=vdfõ,s" ;%sl=Kdu,h' 

Ú u≥rl=,s" ukakdru' 

Ú uQid,s" ukakdru' 

Ú kisjka;sjq" uvl,mqj' 

Ú kkams;a;suqfkhs" wïmdr' 

Ú m,gäfjkdhs" ;s%l=Kdu,h' 

Ú mqkafldagï iqNidOk uOHia:dkh" jõkshdj' 

Ú m%ïN;sõ" uvl,mqj' 

Ú mqnq≥ .u" mq;a;,u' 

Ú ika†,smdhs" hdmkh' 

Ú fiakdhsl=†hqremamq" wïmdr' 

Ú iṡ udmqr" mq;a;,u' 

Ú isjmqr 2" jõkshdj' 

Ú ;rdmqrï" ukakdru' 

Ú ;sy,sj;a;" uvl,mqj' 

Ú jd,ÉÑfkhs" uvl,mqj' 

152


úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh 

úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh 1996 cQk ui msysgqjk ,oafoa YS% ,xldfõ 

hy meje;au yd .egÆ ksrdlrKh ms◊i Yla;su;a wdh;khla yd 

YlH;d jr®Okhla i|yd m%n, wjYH;djhla we;ehs o fï ls%hdj,sfha 

° mÈ Nckfhka f;dr isú,a iudchg wh;a úúO lKavdhï j,g 

b;d jeo.;a yd iqidOkSh whq˙ka ∞hl úh yels o hk n,j;a 

úYajdih we;sj h' 

uyckhd fjkqfjka m%;sm;a;s ieliSfï ° wm uOHia:dkfhka 

wfmaÈs; jkqfha m%pKavld¯ fkdjk wdldrhg .egqï ksrdlrKh 

ls¯u yd m%cd;ka;%jd° md,khla o fjkqfjka lghq;= lrk" mqΩ,a j 

me;sreKq m%;sm;a;suh úl,amhka flfrys b,lal jQ o ls%hdld¯ yd 

ue†y;a jk iqΩ jQ o uQ,sl ldr®hNdrhls' ta wkqj" b;d mqΩ,a jQ 

mr®fhaIK lghq;= /ila mjrd .ekSug uOHia:dkhg is≥jk w;r 

ls%hd;aul l< yels úl,am m%;sm;a;s y∫kd .ekSu yd ixjr®Okh 

ls¯u ta Tiafia is≥ l< hq;=j we;' 

153

Sinhala

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