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sensory space<br />

sensory space<br />

sensory space<br />

sensory space<br />

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alternative features<br />

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different models

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t = 0<br />

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time<br />

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3<br />

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ØÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÀÒÑÒÝÒØÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÔÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒÓÖÖØÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÑÝÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ò ÓÒÒØÚØÝØÛÒØÛÓÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒÓØÔÖØÙØÚÒÓÒÐÝÝØØÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ÑÐÖØ<strong>×</strong>Ó ØÔØØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒÓØÒØк<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖØÓÒÑÝÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖÖØÑÔÔÒÒÓØØÓ ÓÒ¹ØÓ¹ÓÒºÁÓÒÔØØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖØÐÐÝÓÐÙÓÒÐÝØÖÑÒÒÔÖØÒÑغ ÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒÓÖÒÓØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÖÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÒØ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÓÒÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒÓÖ<strong>×</strong>º ËÒÐÒØÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞØÓÒÒØÒÓ<strong>×</strong>¸Ò<strong>×</strong>ÒÒÓÖÒÒÓ<strong>×</strong> Ö<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞØÖÓÙØÐÝÖÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong>¸ÖÓÙÔ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÖÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÓÔÖØ ÊÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ØÒÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÚÝÓÓÔÖØÓÒØÛÒÒÓÖÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÌÛÓ<br />

ÓÒÓÖÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÑÖÛÓÐÔØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÐÓÐØÙÖ<strong>×</strong>Ö<strong>×</strong>ÑÐÖ¸ººØÐ<strong>×</strong>Ø ÒÖÑÓÖ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙÐØÒÒØÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>¸ÚÒØÐØØÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÓÒÖºÖÓÙÔ<strong>×</strong> <strong>×</strong>ÙÖÔ<strong>×</strong>ÒÑغÌÓÓÔÖØÓÒØÛÒÒÓÖÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÐÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÒ ÙÖ¿ºº ¾½

1<br />

2 3<br />

1<br />

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time<br />

ÐØÓÒÓÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>Ó«ÖÒØÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒºÁÒØÐÐÝØÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ÑÓÚÒ<br />

2<br />

ÌÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÛÒÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>Ó«ÖÒØÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒÖÓ«ØÖØÑ ÐÝÖ¸ØØÛÓÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞÒÖÙÒÐÒÛØÓØÖÖÓÑØÒÓÒº «ÖÒØÖØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºËÒØÒÔÙØÒØÓÓÒÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÔÝÓØØÚØÝÓØÓØÖ<br />

3<br />

<strong>×</strong>ÒÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒØÓØØÓÑÖÔ<strong>×</strong>º<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>«ØÓØÓÓÔÖØÓÒØÐÓ<strong>×</strong> ÓÑÐÖÖº<br />

2<br />

1<br />

time<br />

2<br />

ÙÖ¿ºÌÖÔÖÒÔÐÓÄźÄÝÖØÚØÝÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÔÖ<strong>×</strong>¹ ÒÓÒÓ<strong>×</strong>¸ººÒØÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>¸Ñ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong>¸<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖØÓÒ¸ÒÓÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒºËÒØ ÐÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÚÖÒÓÖÓÓÓÐÐ<strong>×</strong>¸ÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÓÔÖØØÝÚ<strong>×</strong>ÑÒÓÖ<strong>×</strong>Ò<br />

3<br />

3<br />

1<br />

´<strong>×</strong>Ð<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÖ¿ºµº ÓØÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ºÌ<strong>×</strong>ÖÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÒ­ÙÒÓÒØÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>¸ÛÖÙ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐÐÝ<strong>×</strong>ÓÐØ<br />

¾¾

2<br />

ÙÖ¿ºÓÙÖØÔÖÒÔÐÓÄźÌÒØÐÓÒÒØÚØÝ<strong>×</strong>Ö¬ÒÓÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong> ÓÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÛÒÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºËÒØÐÝÖÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞ <strong>×</strong>ÔØÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒØÐÓÒÒØÚØݸÒØÐÐÒ<strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÔÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÓØÖÐÒ<strong>×</strong><br />

3<br />

1<br />

ÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÌØÚÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÛÓÒ¸ÛÛÐÐÚÒØÙÐÐÝ<strong>×</strong>ÙÖÚÚØÐÒÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong>º ¾ºÇÒ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖØÒØÓØÖÙØØÒÓÓÔÖØÛØØØÛÓÖØÐÝÒÓÖÒ ÓÒÒØÒØØÖÓÖÖÐØÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÌ¬ÒÐ<strong>×</strong>ØØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÓÒØÖغÇÒØÐØ ØÓÓÔÖØÓÒØÛÒÐÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÐÐÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÖغÏ<strong>×</strong>ÖØÛÓÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÚÖÒÓÒØÓÒÙÖÓÒ<br />

ËÝÒÖÓÒÝËØÖÙØÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÒØÚØÝ Ì¬Ö<strong>×</strong>ØØÖÔÖÒÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒÙÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÛÒÒÓÖÒÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖ¹ Ö<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓÓØÖØÝÐÓÒØÓ«ÖÒØÐÝÖ<strong>×</strong>ºÌ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÝ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>Ø ÒØÖÓÖÔÔÐÝ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÔØÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ØØÝØÓÑÓÝØÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÒÙ <strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÝØÛÒÒÙÖÐØÚØ<strong>×</strong>´<strong>×</strong>ÙÖ¿ºµºÁØØÝÔÐÐÝÓÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÓÀÒ¹ ÐÖÓÛØÖÙиÙØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØØÑ<strong>×</strong>иÒÒÓÖÑÐÞØÓÒÖÙкÌÖÓÛØÖÙÐ Ò<strong>×</strong>ØÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÒÙ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐÐÝÐÒÖØÒØÒØÐÓÒÒØÚØݺ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÖØÔÖÒÔÐÓÒ<br />

Ø<strong>×</strong>ØÐ<strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒݺÙÖ¿º<strong>×</strong>ÓÛ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÒØÚØÝÒÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÚÐÓÔÒÒ ÔÖÓÚ<strong>×</strong>ÛØØÚÐÓÔÑÒØÓÖÙÐÖÓÒÒØÚØÝÒØÓÒÒØÚØÝ<strong>×</strong>Ö¬ÒÝ ØÛÒÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÌ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖÒÔÐÛÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖØÚÐݸºº<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÝѹ ÚÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÐÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÛÒ<strong>×</strong>ÝÒÖÓÒÞÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>¸ÛÐØÒÓÖÑÐÞØÓÒÖÙÐ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÐÒ<strong>×</strong><br />

ØѺÇÒÒ<strong>×</strong>ØØØÚÒØÑØÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÐÒÖØÒØÓÒÒØÚØÝ ÒØØÓØÑÔÖÓÚØÓØÖº<br />

¿º¿º½<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<br />

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ÒÙÖÐÖØØÙÖºËÓÖÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÒÐÝ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ÔÔÖÓÓÖÔÖÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒÖÔ<strong>×</strong>Ò ÒÙÖÐÒØ<strong>×</strong>¸ÒÛÚ<strong>×</strong>ÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖÒÔÐ<strong>×</strong>º<strong>×</strong>ÔØØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓØÒØиÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓØÐØÓ ÓÙÒØÓÖØÔÖÓÖÑÒÓØÑØÙÖÚ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑÓÖØØÛÓÓÐÐÓÛÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong> ¾¿

image layer<br />

model layer<br />

ÙÖ¿ºÓÒÒØÚØÝÒÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÚÐÓÔÒÒØѺÁØÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÛØ Ö¬ÒÓÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓØÓØÖº´<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÑÙÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÖÒÔØÖºµ ÓÖÖÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÚÐÓÔ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒÖÐÒÖØÒØÓÒÒØÚØݺÓØÖØÖØÚÐÝ<br />

ËÓÖÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ÒÔÔÐÓÒÐÝØÓÚ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ºÈ<strong>×</strong>ÝÓÔÝ<strong>×</strong>ÐÜÔÖÑÒØ<strong>×</strong>Ý ÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ÌÓÓËÐÓÛ ËÙÖÑÒÑØк´½µ<strong>×</strong>ÓÛØØÓÙÖÚ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>ÜØÖÑÐÝ­ÜÐÒÕÙº <strong>×</strong>Ô¬ÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒØÖÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÙÔÖÓÖØÑÔÓÖÐÔÓÐÝ<strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÝÖ´ËÌȵÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÛØ ËÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÐØÓÖÓÒÞÐÒÖÛÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÑ<strong>×</strong>ÕÙÒÒÛ ÐÝÓÓÒÐݼÑ<strong>×</strong>ØÓØ<strong>×</strong>ØÑÙÐÙ<strong>×</strong>´ÇÖѲÈÖÖØظ½µºÁÓÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙÑ<strong>×</strong>½¼Ñ<strong>×</strong> ÓØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÓÒÐÝÓÖ¾Ñ<strong>×</strong>ºÆÙÖÓÓÐÓÐÜÔÖÑÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛØØÐÝÓع<br />

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ÒÙÖÙÒÒÒØÛÓÚÖØÓØÒ«ÖÒØÖØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÝØ<strong>×</strong>¸ØÓÒÒØÚØÝ ÖÓÒØÓÒºÌØ<strong>×</strong>¬ÒØÐÝØÓÓÛÓÖÄÅÒØÙÖÖÒØÓÖÑÙÐØÓÒº<br />

ÒÒÔÖÒÔÐÒÙÚÖÝÕÙÐݺÄÅÛØÖÙÒÒÒÛÚ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÖÒØÐÝÒ ÌÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÚÖÐÛÝ<strong>×</strong>ØÓ<strong>×</strong>ÔÙÔÄÅÙÒÖÖØÒÓÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÓÖÜÑÔÐ<br />

ØÒÒظÒØØÐØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÚÐÓÔÛØÜÔÖÒØÓÚØ ÒÚ<strong>×</strong>ØØÝËÛÖÞ´½µº ÔÖÓÖÑÒÓØÙÐغÇÒÆÙÐØÚ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÓÖØÙØ<strong>×</strong>иÒØÒÚÒØ ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖÚÖØØÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÐÓÛÔÖÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÄź ÚÓÒÖÅÐ<strong>×</strong>ÙÖ´½µ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ØØØÄÅÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÙÖÓÖÑ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÐÝÒ<br />

<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒØØÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ÑÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÖ´ÒÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÓ²ÓÙÖ<strong>×</strong>ظ½½ÃÓÒÒ²ÚÓÒÖ ÖÓÒØÓÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÒØÝÖØÖÒºÙØÒØÖÑ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÖÒÒ«ÓÖØØ<strong>×</strong>Ò ÁØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÚÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ØعÓÖÛÖÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>¹ÔÖÓÔØÓÒÔÖÓÖÑÑÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÓÒ ÁØ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÓÓÑÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÄÅÛØÓØÖÒÙÖÐÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÔÖÔØÓÒº<br />

ÅÐ<strong>×</strong>ÙÖ¸½¾¸½¿µºÙØÓØÑØÒÔÖÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>¸ÄÅÒØÙÐÐÚÒØÓ ¾<br />

t = 0 200 500 1 000 2 000<br />

5 000 10 000<br />

Connectivity Correlations

<strong>×</strong>ÒÐÜÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ºÏÐØÝÔÐÒÙÖÐÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÚØÓÐÖÒÒÚÖÒÓÖÖÓÙ<strong>×</strong>ØÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ò<strong>×</strong>Ø ÛØØ<strong>×</strong>ÐØ<strong>×</strong>º ØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÑØÓÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÐØÓÒ¸ÖÓØØÓÒ¸Ò<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖØÓÒ¸ÄÅ<strong>×</strong>ÐÖÝÒÓÛ ÖÑÒÒ´½¿µºÌÃÓÓÒÒ¹ÐÓÖØѸÛ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖÚÖÓÑÄŸ<strong>×</strong> ÛÐÝÙ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÒÐÔÔÐØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>¸ÒÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÙÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙÑØØØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÙÑÓÖÆÒØ ØÒØÓÖÒÐÑÓкÙØØ<strong>×</strong>ØÙÖÒÓÙØØØÓØÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÑÔÖÐÒ ÔÖÓÖÑÒÓÑÔÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÄÅÛØÃÓÓÒÒ³<strong>×</strong>ÐÓÖØÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÒÝ<br />

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winner take all<br />

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image<br />

DLM<br />

models

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<strong>×</strong>Դؼµ¼ <strong>×</strong>Դص¦´Ô ¼ÜÔ ´ <strong>×</strong>Ôµ ¾¾ ¼µ¾ ´º¿µ ´º¾µ<br />

´µ Õ¼ ½ ¼¼<br />

ØØÒØÓÒÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong> ´ºµ<br />

Դؼµ«ÆÆ´ÂÔ Ô´Øµ Ô·¼ µ ¼´Ô¼µ ¬¼´Ô¼µ·´Ôµ<br />

ÄÒÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong> ÏÔÕ ´Ø¼µËÔÕ ÑÜË´ÂÔ ÂÕ µ«Ë ´ºµ<br />

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ÖԴؼµ½ Դص´Ôµ ÖԴصÖÖÔÔ ÑÜ Ô¼´ÖÔ¼Ô¼µ ´ºµ<br />

Ìк½ÓÖÑÙÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÄÅÖÓÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>Ý<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<br />

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ØÕÙØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒÌк½ÓÖÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÓÒÒØÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÙÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÛÐÐÖÔغµ ¿¼

ÎÖÐ<strong>×</strong> Ï <strong>×</strong> ÒØÖÒÐ<strong>×</strong>ØØÓØÐÝÖÒÙÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong><br />

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ÁÒ<strong>×</strong>´ÔÔ¼ÕÕ¼µ ¬ØÒ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>¸ººØÓØÐØÚØÝÓÐÝÖ ÖÓÒØÓÒÚÖÐ<br />

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ÙÒØÓÒ<strong>×</strong> ¼ Ö<strong>×</strong>´ÔÔ¼ÕÕ¼µÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÚÐÝ<br />

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ÈÖÑØÖ<strong>×</strong> ˴¼µ <strong>×</strong>ÑÐÖØÝØÛÒØÙÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÂÒ¼´<strong>×</strong>ÕÙ¹<br />

¬¼¾ ØÓÒºµ<br />

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·¼¾ ¼ ¿ ¦ «ØÓØØØÒØÓÒÐÓÓÒØÖÙÒÒÒÐÓ<br />

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«Æ¼¼¼½ «Ë¼½ Ö¼¼¾ ØÑÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÓÖØÖÓÒØÓÒÝÒÑ<strong>×</strong><br />

½ ¾ ÔÖÑØÖÓÖØØÒØÓÒÐÓÒØÐÞØÓÒ<br />

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´µ Õ¼ ½ ¼¼<br />

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continuously moving blob<br />

jumps of the blob<br />

delayed self-inhibition running blob<br />

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layer input<br />

internal layer state<br />

layer input<br />

internal layer state<br />

model layer image layer<br />

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<strong>×</strong>Դص¦´Ô <strong>×</strong>Ôµ ´º½¿µ<br />

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ÏÔÕ ÏÔÕ ´Ø¼µËÔÕ ´ØµÏ´Ôµ´Õµ ÑÜË´ÂÔ ÂÕ ¢ÑÜ µ«Ë<br />

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<strong>×</strong>Դص¦´Ô <strong>×</strong>Ôµ ´º½µ<br />

Դؼµ«ÆÆ´ÂÔ Ô´Øµ µ ´º½µ<br />

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¿

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strong running blob<br />

independent courses of weak blobs<br />

aligned courses of strong blobs<br />

attention blob<br />

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image layer<br />

model layer<br />

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t = 25<br />

t = 150<br />

t = 500<br />

t = 1000<br />

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image layer<br />

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frontal views A and B<br />

quarter view<br />

half profile<br />

profile<br />

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º¿ ÜÔÖÑÒØ<strong>×</strong><br />

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1<br />

incorrect significant<br />

correct significant<br />

0.8<br />

0.6<br />

0.4<br />

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0.2<br />

0<br />

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />

confidence threshold<br />

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ÔØÖ<br />

ÈÒØÓÑ<strong>×</strong>ÒÒÐÝ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><br />

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º½ ÚÒÓÖÐÐÖÝÓÙÔØÓ½½½<strong>×</strong>º<br />

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º¾º½ÌËÝ<strong>×</strong>ØÑ<br />

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model graphs of the GFK<br />

image graph<br />

phantom face<br />

m g .<br />

m . .<br />

f g .<br />

f . .<br />

ÙÖº½Ì<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙØÙÖÓØÒÖÐÃÒÓÛкÏ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÛØ<br />

m g .<br />

m . b<br />

f . .<br />

attributes :<br />

ÐÐÛØÒÓÛÒØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong>¸<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÛØØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÔÖÓÒ ÒÚÙÐÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÑÖÔ<strong>×</strong>جثÖÒØÑÓÐÖÔ<strong>×</strong>ºÑÓÐÖÔ<strong>×</strong><br />

m . b<br />

m . .<br />

m=male, f=female,<br />

ØÖÑÒºÇÒØÖØÔÒØÓÑ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒº<br />

original<br />

g=wearing glasses,<br />

b=bearded<br />

<br />

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ÓÒÐÝØÑÒÖÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÙظÙØÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÐØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ÒÖ¸Ø ¼

original phantom face model attributes<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f m<br />

f f m m<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f f<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

attributes determined: person is female, has no glasses, and is not bearded<br />

m m m m<br />

m m f m<br />

m f m m<br />

f f f m<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f f<br />

f f f f<br />

. . . g<br />

g g g g<br />

g g g g<br />

g g g g<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

. . . .<br />

attributes determined: person is female, has glasses, and is not bearded<br />

m m m m g g g g<br />

m m m m . g g g<br />

m m m m g g g g<br />

m m m m g g g g<br />

ÙÖº¾ËÓÛÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÖÒÐÒØÔÒØÓÑÓÖØÖ«ÖÒØÔÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>º<br />

m m m m b b b b<br />

ÆÓØØØØÔÒØÓÑÑÛ<strong>×</strong>ÒÖØÓÒÐÝÓÒØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÒÓÖÑØÓÒÔÖÓÚ<br />

m m m m b b b b<br />

m m m m . b b .<br />

<strong>×</strong>ÔÓØÐÔ<strong>×</strong>ÓØØÓÔÑÖÒÓØÖÔÖÓÙÙÖØÐݺ̬Ð<strong>×</strong>ÓÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ Û<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ºÌØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÝÖØÒØÐ<strong>×</strong>¸<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>ØÖ­ØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÖØÔÖ<strong>×</strong> ÝØÑØÛØØÒÖÐÃÒÓÛÐÒÓÑÒÓÖÑØÓÒÖÓÑØÓÖÒÐ<br />

attributes determined: person is male, has glasses, and is bearded<br />

ØÒÚÙÐÒÓ<strong>×</strong>ÑÑиÑиָÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>º ØÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÒØØØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong>ÓØÑÓÐ<strong>×</strong>ÛÔÖÓÚØÐÓÐÜÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖ<br />

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no glasses<br />

glasses<br />

beardless<br />

bearded<br />

female<br />

male<br />

ÙÖºËÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÖÖÛØÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔØØÓØÖ<strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒÓÖØ«ÖÒØ ÖÓÑØÓÔØÓÓØØÓÑ<strong>×</strong>Ö<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒØØÖÑиÑиָÙÒÖ¸ÛØ ØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong>ºÅÓ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÒØÐظÐ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÖÓÒØÖغ Ð<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÒÛØÓÙØÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ºÐÐ<strong>×</strong>Ö<strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÓÖÑØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔÐÝÔÙÖÔÓ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>º<br />

most significant<br />

least significant

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<strong>×</strong>ظغ<strong>×</strong>ÜÔظØÔÖÓÖÑÒÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÐÓÛÐݺÙØÓÒÑØ<strong>×</strong>ØÐÐÜÔØ ÔÖÓÖÑÒØÓÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒØ<strong>×</strong>جÖ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÚÖÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÓÓÙÒغÌÝ<strong>×</strong>Ò ÔÔÖÓÛ<strong>×</strong>ÔÔÐØÓÓجÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÓ¸ÔÖÓÚÒÆ¢ÊÓÒØÓÒÐ ÔÖÓÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÖØØÖÙظÊ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÙÑÖÓÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÒØÓÓÙÒغÊ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong>Ö <strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒØÖØÖÔºÌÖ<strong>×</strong>ÙÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓØÚÖÝ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙкÇÒÐÝÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÖ ØÖÑÒØÓÒÓÙÐ<strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒØÑÔÖÓÚÑÒØÚºÓÖÐ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÔÖÓÖÑÒ ÒØÖ<strong>×</strong>ºÖ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒÑØØØØÒÓÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ«ÖÒØÖÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÒÓØ<br />

Ø<strong>×</strong>ÑÐÖØÝÙÒØÓÒË<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ØÓË´<strong>×</strong>ÕÙØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ºÒºµº ÓÖÖØÐÓÐÜÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>ºÓÖÒØÐÑÖÔ<strong>×</strong>¸ÔÖÓÖÑÒÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒØÐÝ ÒÔÒÒØÓÓØÖ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÙÑÒØÝ<strong>×</strong>ÒÔÔÖÓº ÒÐÐÝØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÓÖØÑÒØÓÒÒØØØÔ<strong>×</strong>ÒÓÖÑØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÖÙÐÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÐØÒØ

1<br />

0.95<br />

0.9<br />

0.85<br />

0.8<br />

correct gender determination<br />

correct beard detection<br />

correct glasses detection<br />

mean standard deviation<br />

0.75<br />

0.7<br />

1<br />

0 20 40 60 80 100 120<br />

training set size<br />

0.95<br />

0.9<br />

0.85<br />

0.8<br />

correct gender determination<br />

correct beard detection<br />

correct glasses detection<br />

mean standard deviation<br />

ÙÖºÌ<strong>×</strong>ÖÔ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÓÛØÔÒÒÓØÑÒÖØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÓÖÖØØØÖÙØ<br />

0.75<br />

0.7<br />

<strong>×</strong>ØØÖ<strong>×</strong>ØÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÞÓÒÖ<strong>×</strong>ÔØÚÐݸÛÐØÃ<strong>×</strong>ÞÚÖÖÓÑØÓ ØÖÑÒØÓÒÔÒÒÓÒØÖÒÒ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>Þ´ØÓÔÖÔµÒÃ<strong>×</strong>Þ´ÓØØÓÑÖÔµº ÓÖØØÓÔÖÔ¸Ø<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÞÛ<strong>×</strong>ÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ØÒØÐݾ¼<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ÒØÃ<strong>×</strong>ÞÛ<strong>×</strong>½½¼¸ ÛÐØØÖÒÒ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ÞÚÖÖÓÑØÓºÓÖØÓØØÓÑÖÔ¸ØÖÒÒÒØ<strong>×</strong>Ø<br />

0 20 40 60 80 100 120<br />

size of general face knowledge<br />

ÖÒÓÑÐÝØÓØÖÐÐÑÒÔÖÓÖÑÒº ½¼ºÓÖØÔÓÒؼ¼«ÖÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓØØÖÒÒÒØ<strong>×</strong>Ø<strong>×</strong>ØÛÖÓ<strong>×</strong>Ò

1<br />

0.95<br />

0.9<br />

0.85<br />

0.8<br />

0.75<br />

0.7<br />

0.65<br />

correct gender determination<br />

correct beard detection<br />

correct glasses detection<br />

mean standard deviation<br />

0.6<br />

1<br />

0 5 10 15 20<br />

rank of used expert model<br />

0.98<br />

0.96<br />

0.94<br />

0.92<br />

0.9<br />

correct gender determination<br />

correct beard detection<br />

correct glasses detection<br />

ÙÖºÓÖÖØØØÖÙØØÖÑÒØÓÒÖØÔÒÒØÓÒØÖÒÓØÙ<strong>×</strong><br />

0.88<br />

mean standard deviation<br />

ÐÓÐÜÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>´ØÓÔÖÔµÓÖØÒÙÑÖÓ¬Ö<strong>×</strong>ØÖÒÐÓÐÜÔÖØ<strong>×</strong>Ù<strong>×</strong>´ÓØØÓÑÖÔµ <strong>×</strong>ÚÖÐØ<strong>×</strong>ÛÖÚÐÙØÔÖÒÓºÐØÓÙØØ<strong>×</strong>ÓÐÓÛÖÖÒÚ<strong>×</strong>ØÐÐ<strong>×</strong>ÓÑ<br />

0.86<br />

ÖÐÐØÝÒØÖÑÒÒØØØÖÙØ<strong>×</strong>¸ØÒÒØÓÓÙÒØ<strong>×</strong>ÚÖÐØ<strong>×</strong>Ó<strong>×</strong>ÒÓØÑÔÖÓÚ ÔÖÓÖÑÒ<strong>×</strong>Ò¬ÒØÐݺ<br />

0 5 10 15 20<br />

number of first rank models used<br />

¼

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µ µ<br />

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µ µ<br />

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µ µ µ<br />

candleman<br />

elephant<br />

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bear<br />

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zebra<br />

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mill<br />

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mill bear<br />

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zebra<br />

basket<br />

elephant<br />

candleman<br />

nutcracker<br />

book<br />

mill<br />

box<br />

nutcracker<br />

bear<br />

mill<br />

nutcracker<br />

µ µ µ<br />

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Gabor wavelets<br />

convolution result<br />

imaginary part<br />

magnitude<br />

jet<br />

original image<br />

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ÒÓÖÑÓØØ<strong>×</strong><strong>×</strong>ÑÔÐ<strong>×</strong>ÐÒÝÑ<strong>×</strong>ÙÖ<br />

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º <strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒÙÖº¾º<br />

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ËØØÒ ÜË Ý˼ØÒÐ<strong>×</strong>ØÓ ´ºµ<br />

¼Ü´ ¨Ü ßÞ ¼µ ÐܼÜÜ<br />

ßÞ ÜÜ Ð·Ý¼ÜÝ<br />

ßÞ ÜÝ Ð ´ºµ

1<br />

0.9<br />

similarity without phase<br />

µ<br />

0.5<br />

1<br />

0.5<br />

-40 -20 0 20 40<br />

horizontal displacement<br />

similarity with phase (focus=1)<br />

(focus=3)<br />

(focus=5)<br />

0.8<br />

0.7<br />

0.6<br />

µ<br />

-1<br />

10<br />

-40 -20 0 20 40<br />

horizontal displacement<br />

0<br />

-0.5<br />

5<br />

µ<br />

0<br />

ÙÖº¾µËÑÐÖØÝ˴´ܽµÂ¼´Ü¼µµÛØؼØÒÖÓÑØÐØÝÓØ <strong>×</strong>ÓÛÒÒÙÖº½¸ÒØÂØÒÖÓÑÔÜÐÔÓ<strong>×</strong>ØÓÒ<strong>×</strong>ÓØ<strong>×</strong>ÑÓÖÞÓÒØÐ<br />

-5<br />

ÐҸܼܽ·´Ü¼µÜ<br />

estimated displacement (focus=1)<br />

(focus=3)<br />

ÐÖØØÖØÓÖ<strong>×</strong>ÒºµËÑÐÖØÝ˴´ܽµÂ¼´Ü¼µµÒµ<strong>×</strong>ØÑØ<strong>×</strong>ÔÐÑÒØ<br />

(focus=5)<br />

-10<br />

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-40 -20 0 20 40<br />

horizontal displacement<br />

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Ö<strong>×</strong>ÔØÚÐݵº

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