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<strong>١</strong><br />

بس<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>لله <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ح<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>حي<strong>م</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>قى <strong>ا</strong>لوطني <strong>ا</strong>لث<strong>ا</strong>لث لنظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>م</strong>لكة <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ر</strong>بية <strong>ا</strong>لسعو<strong>د</strong>ية<br />

٣-<strong>١</strong><br />

<strong>ر</strong>بيع <strong>ا</strong>لث<strong>ا</strong>ني ‎<strong>١</strong>٤٢<strong>٩</strong>‎ه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>٧</strong>-<strong>٩</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ب<strong>ر</strong>يل ‎<strong>٢٠٠٨</strong>‎<strong>م</strong><br />

فن<strong>د</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لخب<strong>ر</strong> –<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

: <strong>د</strong>.‏ <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل بن<strong>ت</strong> يحيى ع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لشيخ<br />

عن<strong>ا</strong>وين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ص<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />

:<br />

ص<br />

. ب ٣٦٣٠ <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>ا</strong>طئ ج<strong>د</strong>ة -٢٣٥<strong>١</strong>٣ ٦٦٢<strong>٩</strong><br />

ف<strong>ا</strong>آس:‏ ٠٢٦٥٤<strong>٩</strong>٨٨٣<br />

جو<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />

: ٠٥٥٥<strong>٧</strong>٢<strong>٩</strong>٦<strong>٩</strong>٦ ب<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>وني amal99sh@yahoo.com<br />

جهة <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>ل<br />

ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>عة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لك عب<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>لعزيز<br />

– آلية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>بية –<br />

:<br />

قس<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في<strong>ا</strong><br />

:<br />

نوع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>آة<br />

. و<strong>ر</strong>قة ع<strong>م</strong>ل<br />

في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية<br />

ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ت</strong>حليل<br />

<strong>ت</strong>قنية نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

Pattern Analysis of Public Parks in Jeddah<br />

Using GIS Technique<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لخص<br />

<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>د</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>سة <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

حيث سي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وقيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة على<br />

ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>وغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في في نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ب<strong>د</strong>قة <strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>نية <strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

خ<strong>ر</strong>يطة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>ئي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفض<strong>ا</strong>ئية<br />

لبعض <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي ل<strong>م</strong> ي<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٔآ<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>وقعه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في بو<strong>ا</strong>سطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>ئي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية و نظ<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وقيع <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ي و<strong>ت</strong>حليل آي<strong>ر</strong>نل<br />

<strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>Analysis Neighborhood وق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفض<strong>ا</strong>ئية.‏ في ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

ض<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>لحق<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>وغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية أخ<strong>ر</strong>ى ،ArcGIS ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في،‏ و<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong>ط هذ<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>طو<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني لل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة و<strong>ا</strong>لكث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>لسك<strong>ا</strong>نية في<br />

أحي<strong>ا</strong>ءه<strong>ا</strong> وبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>،‏ وب<strong>ا</strong>لخطط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>م</strong>وية لل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة.‏<br />

،Kernal<br />

.(GIS)<br />

IKONOS<br />

Spatial Analyst<br />

GPS<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>صطلح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔس<strong>ا</strong>سية:‏ ن<strong>م</strong>ط<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع لل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع.‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع،‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني،‏ <strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>،‏ <strong>ت</strong>حليل آي<strong>ر</strong>نل،‏ <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لثقل <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي

٢<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong>ة<br />

<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ر</strong>ز <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>جة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لحة للخ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لحض<strong>ر</strong>ية،‏ حيث <strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>فع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔسع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ويز<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لضغط على <strong>ر</strong>قعة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong>ض <strong>ا</strong>لحض<strong>ر</strong>ية و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حيطة به<strong>ا</strong>.‏ و<strong>ر</strong>غ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>نوع <strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن ، <strong>إ</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> أن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ت</strong>شكل أه<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong>ض <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية.‏ ونظ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً‏ ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔه<strong>م</strong>ية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕنه<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong>شكل نسبة <strong>م</strong>ه<strong>م</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>وع <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي في <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن.‏ و<strong>ت</strong>صل هذه <strong>ا</strong>لنسبة في بعض <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ية <strong>إ</strong>لى حو<strong>ا</strong>لي <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>وع <strong>ا</strong>لكلي ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي.‏ و<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>بنى <strong>ا</strong>لكثي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong>ول <strong>م</strong>عي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> يقو<strong>م</strong> على<br />

<strong>ت</strong>خصيص حو<strong>ا</strong>لي هك<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء لكل ألف شخص.‏ ويع<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء أح<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ؤش<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ه<strong>م</strong>ة للحك<strong>م</strong> على <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ى <strong>ت</strong>طو<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong>ول.‏ ف<strong>م</strong>ثل<strong>ا</strong> في ب<strong>ر</strong>يط<strong>ا</strong>ني<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong>بلغ <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>نزه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لقو<strong>م</strong>ية و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طق <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خصصة ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ض <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح حو<strong>ا</strong>لي <strong>م</strong>يل <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع أو <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ل<br />

<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لكلية ل<strong>ا</strong>نجل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong> وويلز(‏<br />

<strong>١</strong>٠,٠٠٠<br />

.(J.B Cullingworth,1972<br />

%٢٦<br />

<strong>٧</strong><br />

%<strong>١</strong><strong>٧</strong><br />

ول<strong>ا</strong> شك أن <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة هي أح<strong>د</strong> أه<strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح عب<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>يخ.‏ ذلك أنه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔق<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔيس<strong>ر</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔقل<br />

<strong>ت</strong>كلفة،‏ وهي في <strong>ا</strong>لغ<strong>ا</strong>لب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔق<strong>ر</strong>ب ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لسكن.‏ وق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>ٕنش<strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق وب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لي <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>،‏ <strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>طو<strong>ر</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لحض<strong>ر</strong>ي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>د</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لذي أ<strong>د</strong>ى <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ت</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لطلب على <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي لل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ية<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>لصن<strong>ا</strong>عية و<strong>ا</strong>لسكنية على حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طق <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء.‏ وق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong> هذه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>شكلة <strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لسك<strong>ا</strong>ني <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لذي<br />

شه<strong>د</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه <strong>م</strong>عظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>.‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٔضح<strong>ت</strong> قضية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح وع<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء و<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ت</strong>وقض<br />

<strong>م</strong>ضجع <strong>م</strong>خططو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لذين ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>و<strong>ا</strong> يبحثون عن <strong>إ</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>آن <strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية ج<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ة يقضي فيه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>طن بعض <strong>م</strong>ن<br />

أوق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>غه.‏ وب<strong>ا</strong>لطبع ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>شكلة <strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔفقي لل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن و<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ع أسع<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي في ضو<strong>ا</strong>حي<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لذي أ<strong>د</strong>ى <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>فس غي<strong>ر</strong> ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ل بين <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong>ض على حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحي.‏<br />

و<strong>م</strong>ن هن<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ت</strong>ي هذه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>قص<strong>ا</strong>ء ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق وأث<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ز<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لسك<strong>ا</strong>ني و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني و<strong>ا</strong>لبع<strong>د</strong> عن<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة على ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong> هذه <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق و<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ وهل نجح <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خطط في حل <strong>م</strong>شكلة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>فس غي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ل<br />

ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong>ض على حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحي،‏ أ<strong>م</strong> أن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>عي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ق<strong>ت</strong>ص<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ي ل<strong>ا</strong> ز<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔقوى في <strong>م</strong>يز<strong>ا</strong>ن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لص<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ع.‏<br />

<strong>م</strong>شكلة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

أ<strong>د</strong>ى <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong>ع <strong>م</strong>ع<strong>د</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حض<strong>ر</strong> <strong>إ</strong>لى زي<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء وبذل <strong>ا</strong>لجهو<strong>د</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لل<strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>م</strong>ة لح<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني ل<strong>ت</strong>وفي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>آن <strong>ا</strong>لل<strong>ا</strong>ز<strong>م</strong>ة لل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح <strong>ا</strong>لبش<strong>ر</strong>ي.‏ و<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>لخص <strong>م</strong>شكلة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة في<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ و<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ى <strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>سب <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong>ع حج<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لسك<strong>ا</strong>ن في<br />

آل بل<strong>د</strong>ية ف<strong>ر</strong>عية.‏ فضل<strong>ا</strong> عن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على نصيب <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طق <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء،‏ وأث<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>خطيط <strong>ا</strong>لحض<strong>ر</strong>ي على <strong>ت</strong>خصيص فض<strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> خض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء لغ<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ني.‏ و<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕقب<strong>ا</strong>ل على<br />

<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> هذه <strong>ا</strong>لفض<strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> آ<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة.‏<br />

أسئلة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة وأه<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>فه<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>د</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>قنية نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية في <strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة و<strong>ت</strong>حليل ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة<br />

في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة.‏ و<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>ولة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕ<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>يحه<strong>ا</strong> هذه <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ر</strong><strong>م</strong>جي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> لل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على شكل <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

وب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لي <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>ولة <strong>ر</strong>بطه<strong>ا</strong> ببعض <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>غي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي ي<strong>م</strong>كن أن <strong>ت</strong>ؤث<strong>ر</strong> في <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في.‏ و <strong>ا</strong>لحصول على ن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج<br />

و<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ر</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ي<strong>م</strong>كن أن <strong>ت</strong>سه<strong>م</strong> في <strong>ت</strong>فسي<strong>ر</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في،‏ و<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خطط على <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> سلبي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> و<strong>إ</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong>بي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

ذلك <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع ويعينه في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>خطيط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>قبلي ل<strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ي سلبي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>لي.‏ وفي <strong>إ</strong>نج<strong>ا</strong>ز ذلك <strong>إ</strong>ب<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ز ل<strong>د</strong>و<strong>ر</strong><br />

ب<strong>ر</strong><strong>م</strong>جي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>د</strong>ة في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>نبؤ<br />

ب<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>قبل <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong>،‏ و<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>سبق على <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن سلبي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ذلك <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع.‏<br />

وي<strong>م</strong>كن <strong>ت</strong>لخيص أه<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة آ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يلي:‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>ف على ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>قنية<br />

نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية.‏<br />

.<strong>١</strong>

٣<br />

<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> شكل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق و<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز ثقله<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع و<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ى <strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong>طه ب<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لسك<strong>ا</strong>ن و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني،‏ وذلك <strong>م</strong>ن خل<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>لحق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حلي <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني في ب<strong>ر</strong><strong>م</strong>جي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية.‏<br />

<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة خص<strong>ا</strong>ئص و<strong>م</strong><strong>م</strong>يز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ن حيث <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>وقع و<strong>ا</strong>لشكل و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة.‏<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ى <strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>م</strong>ة و<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>فقة خص<strong>ا</strong>ئص و<strong>م</strong><strong>م</strong>يز<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة لل<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لوطنية و<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ية.‏<br />

.٢<br />

.٣<br />

.٤<br />

<strong>م</strong>نهج <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

سي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن<br />

<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>نهج <strong>ا</strong>لوصفي في <strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong>صة ب<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق،‏ وفي ذلك <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لحق <strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong>ص ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕحص<strong>ا</strong>ئية <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>نية ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق وأشك<strong>ا</strong>له<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ و<strong>م</strong>ن ذلك وعلى وجه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>حليل<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني في ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

آي<strong>ر</strong>نل و<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لثقل <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق.‏<br />

<strong>إ</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

<strong>١</strong>٠.٠٠٠<br />

ArcGIS ArcInfo<br />

.<br />

<strong>١</strong>٢٣<br />

سوف <strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong>ى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة على ج<strong>م</strong>يع ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong>زي<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> عن <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع ، ويبلغ<br />

ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ح<strong>د</strong>يقة.‏ وسوف ي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثيل <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج في ج<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ول وخ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئط ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕظه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في،‏ و<strong>ت</strong>سهيل<br />

<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ، و<strong>ت</strong>فسي<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> حيث سوف يس<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕحص<strong>ا</strong>ئية و<strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>وغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية:‏<br />

Nearest Neighbor Analysis<br />

في ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

<strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />

ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق وشكل <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> على <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>د</strong>سكيب <strong>ا</strong>لذي <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>كون<br />

<strong>م</strong>نه <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong><br />

في ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لحق<br />

<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق على <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>د</strong>سكيب في <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>فظة ج<strong>د</strong>ة.‏<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي أو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع<br />

آث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق و<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آزه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي<br />

ArcGIS V.9.2<br />

Central<br />

Mean center<br />

Spatial Analyst<br />

ArcGIS V.9.2<br />

.<br />

Kernel<br />

.<strong>١</strong><br />

.٢<br />

.٣<br />

وق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>ل على ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ArcGIS-V9.1)<br />

( ض<strong>م</strong>ن خطة <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية:‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>يع <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>ص<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>لفة ‏(خ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئط،‏ ج<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ول،‏ بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> وصفية،‏ صو<strong>ر</strong> أق<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />

صن<strong>ا</strong>عية،‏ بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>ية بو<strong>ا</strong>سطة نظ<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وقيع <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ي (GPS .<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>يب <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>بويبه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>حويله<strong>ا</strong> <strong>إ</strong>لى بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>ية ي<strong>م</strong>كن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ل <strong>م</strong>عه<strong>ا</strong> ح<strong>ا</strong>سوبي<strong>ا</strong>"‏ وع<strong>ر</strong>ضه<strong>ا</strong> على<br />

ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج لغ<strong>ا</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل.‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لقي<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> بزي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ي<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>نية ل<strong>ر</strong>ص<strong>د</strong> بعض <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>قع بو<strong>ا</strong>سطة جه<strong>ا</strong>ز <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>قع جي بي أس GPS لل<strong>ت</strong>حقق<br />

<strong>م</strong>ن صحة <strong>إ</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ثي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> بعض <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي آ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>وضع شك <strong>م</strong>ن قبل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة.‏<br />

<strong>إ</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ت</strong>هيئة ج<strong>م</strong>يع <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>ية بع<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>د</strong>يله<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong>بق<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٔآ<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن صح<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> للب<strong>د</strong>ء بع<strong>م</strong>لية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل.‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لو<strong>ا</strong>جه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ئيسية <strong>ا</strong>لثل<strong>ا</strong>ث لب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج ArcGIS وهي:‏<br />

ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ة بن<strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>لطبق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لنقطية و<strong>ا</strong>لخطية و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حية <strong>م</strong>ن<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>جهة ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

حيث نظ<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕسق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> و<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>جع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ثي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕض<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>إ</strong>لى حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔطو<strong>ا</strong>ل<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> لح<strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في.‏<br />

لع<strong>ر</strong>ض ج<strong>م</strong>يع <strong>ا</strong>لبي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>لفة و<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong>بق<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>د</strong>يله<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>فسي<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><br />

و<strong>ا</strong>جهة ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

(Arc Catalog)<br />

(Arc Map)<br />

(Arc Toolbox)<br />

ArcGIS<br />

.<br />

-a<br />

-b<br />

-c<br />

ل<strong>ت</strong>حويل صيغ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>د</strong>ء بع<strong>م</strong>لية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>جهة ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>نة ون<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة.‏<br />

-<strong>١</strong><br />

-٢<br />

-٣<br />

-٤<br />

-٥

٤<br />

<strong>م</strong>نطقة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

، ٢<strong>١</strong>ْ ٢٤ٓ<br />

<strong>ت</strong>قع <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة غ<strong>ر</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>م</strong>لكة <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ر</strong>بية <strong>ا</strong>لسعو<strong>د</strong>ية على <strong>ا</strong>لس<strong>ا</strong>حل <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>ر</strong>قي للبح<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔح<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong> بين <strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>ي ع<strong>ر</strong>ض ٢<strong>٩</strong>ً<br />

‎٣<strong>٩</strong>ْ‎‏.شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

وخطي طول‎٢٠ً‎<br />

.(<strong>١</strong>)<br />

٢٠ٓ ٠٠ً ، ٣<strong>٩</strong>ْ ٠٤ٓ<br />

٢<strong>١</strong>ْ ٤<strong>٩</strong>ٓ <strong>١</strong>٣ً<br />

(<strong>١</strong>) شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

ح<strong>د</strong>و<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>نطقة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ً‏ على بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ‎<strong>١</strong>٤٢٨‎ه.‏<br />

)<br />

<strong>١</strong>٠.٠٠٠<br />

.(<br />

أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة فق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>يعه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>ص<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>لفة أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة ج<strong>د</strong>ة و<strong>م</strong>صلحة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>حص<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة و<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لك عب<strong>د</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لعزيز للعلو<strong>م</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>قنية و <strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع،‏ <strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>م</strong>ة للبيئة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حلية ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔصغ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong>ق<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لى أبسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>صف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔس<strong>ا</strong>سية في ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>و<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لسكنية <strong>إ</strong>ض<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>نع<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>وضوعة <strong>م</strong>ن قبل <strong>ا</strong>لجهة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>سئولة عن <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

.<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong> ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة:‏<br />

(<strong>١</strong>٠.٠٠٠ )<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ت</strong>كون <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع على <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔقل ‏(<strong>ا</strong>لشيخ،‏ ‎<strong>١</strong><strong>٩</strong><strong>٩</strong>٤‎<strong>م</strong>).‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>آن جلوس <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>يحة فيه<strong>ا</strong> خصوصية لل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ين.‏<br />

عليه<strong>ا</strong> أسو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ت</strong>حيط به<strong>ا</strong> ‏(<strong>م</strong>غلقة وليس<strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong>وحة).‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لبوفيه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔآش<strong>ا</strong>ك.‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>عب و<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>هي لل<strong>ا</strong>ٔطف<strong>ا</strong>ل.‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>آن للصل<strong>ا</strong>ة و<strong>د</strong>و<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ة و<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>قف للسي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>.‏<br />

-<strong>١</strong><br />

-٢<br />

-٣<br />

-٤<br />

-٥<br />

-٦

٥<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕحص<strong>ا</strong>ئي و<strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>وغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في<br />

.<br />

يُع<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع جوه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في بل <strong>ا</strong>نه ينظ<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في<strong>ا</strong> أحي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>"‏ على أنه<strong>ا</strong> عل<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني<br />

للظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>.‏ فهي <strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>س <strong>ا</strong>لظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>لفة على سطح <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ر</strong>ض،‏ وذلك بوصفه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>حليله<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>فسي<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ وقبل<br />

<strong>إ</strong><strong>د</strong>خ<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ت</strong>قني<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong>يثة،‏ آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فيون يصفون <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> في غي<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>وضوعية.‏<br />

و<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يه<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجع<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في عن<strong>د</strong> <strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>ه ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> هو <strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ر</strong>فة <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> يشكل ن<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong>"‏ <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>"‏ أ<strong>م</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>نه <strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وزيع عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي ف<strong>ا</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع يشكل ن<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong>"‏ <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>"،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ن ذلك يعني أن هن<strong>ا</strong>ك قوة<br />

وعو<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ل و<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ت</strong>شكيل هذ<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>ط يسعى <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حث ل<strong>ا</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>لوقوف عن<strong>د</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ا</strong>"‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ن ذلك<br />

يشي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لى قوى <strong>ا</strong>لص<strong>د</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لصعب <strong>ت</strong>فسي<strong>ر</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ ‏(<strong>ا</strong>لص<strong>ا</strong>لح،‏ ‎٢٠٠٠‎<strong>م</strong><br />

ول<strong>ا</strong> ب<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>شك<strong>ا</strong>ل Forms <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>لفة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>خذه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية هى <strong>ا</strong>نعك<strong>ا</strong>س<br />

لنوع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>لس<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>د</strong>ة.‏ وآل<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong>غي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط آل<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong>غي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>شك<strong>ا</strong>ل ول<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong>ة ن<strong>ت</strong>يجة عو<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<br />

وقوى <strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>غي<strong>ر</strong>،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن ذلك يعني أن <strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط سيقو<strong>د</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>لي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ؤ<strong>د</strong>ية <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>ت</strong>كوينه<strong>ا</strong>.(‏ <strong>ا</strong>بو<br />

عي<strong>ا</strong>ش،‏<br />

Pattern<br />

(<br />

.<br />

.(<strong>١</strong><strong>٩</strong>٨٤<br />

<strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><br />

Average Nearest<br />

Nearest Neighbor Analysis<br />

<strong>ت</strong>قو<strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>قنية نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية في <strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔق<strong>ر</strong>ب<br />

أو <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يطلق علية أحي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong> أس<strong>م</strong> صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>،‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة بين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>وقع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في لكل نقطة،‏<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>وقع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للنقطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔق<strong>ر</strong>ب <strong>م</strong>نه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ ث<strong>م</strong> ي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> بين ج<strong>م</strong>يع هذه <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط.‏ بع<strong>د</strong> ذلك ي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

قس<strong>م</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حسوب على <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع ل<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة بين هذه <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط.‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة<br />

أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حسوبة أقل <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع لل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لعشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي له<strong>ا</strong>،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> يكون <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><br />

آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حسوبة أآث<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع لل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لعشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن ذلك يعني أن <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة<br />

وفي<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> بين ذلك يطلق على شكل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع ب<strong>ا</strong>ٔنه <strong>ت</strong>وزيع عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي.(شكل<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>وسة هو <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

.Clustered<br />

.Dispersed<br />

Neighbor Distance<br />

(٢<br />

(٢) شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

أن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>لة للظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong><br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>عي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> في <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع هو <strong>ا</strong>لنسبة بين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حسوبة أو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>حظة بين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>قع،‏ و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقعة بينه<strong>ا</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي يطلق عليه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>م</strong> قي<strong>م</strong>ة Z. وي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> حس<strong>ا</strong>ب قي<strong>م</strong>ة Z ب<strong>ت</strong>قسي<strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حسوبة على

٦<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقعة لل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة نفسه<strong>ا</strong>.‏ و ي<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقعة <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ت</strong>وزيع عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي لنفس ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط على نفس <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة.‏<br />

ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>ت</strong>يجة أقل <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>١</strong> صحيح ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن ذلك يشي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع للنق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثل <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة<br />

<strong>م</strong>وضوع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة.‏ أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لنسبة أآث<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>١</strong> صحيح ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع يكون أق<strong>ر</strong>ب <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>.‏ و<strong>ا</strong>لذي يح<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong><br />

في<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong> أو <strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>،‏ هو <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>وى <strong>ا</strong>لثقة لقي<strong>م</strong>ة Z. ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕذ<strong>ا</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> قي<strong>م</strong>ة Z <strong>د</strong>ون <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>وى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>لة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕحص<strong>ا</strong>ئية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي هي في ع<strong>م</strong>و<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>عية ل<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong>قل عن ٠.<strong>٩</strong>٥، سلب<strong>ا</strong> أ<strong>م</strong> <strong>إ</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong> ‏(على ط<strong>ر</strong>في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>ر</strong>سي <strong>ا</strong>لطبيعي)،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثل <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة ي<strong>ت</strong>خذ ن<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي.‏<br />

ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕذ<strong>ا</strong> أثب<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل أن ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ك<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> أو <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong> ب<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>وى ثقة أو <strong>د</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>لة ٠.٠٥، ف<strong>ا</strong>ٔن <strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل أن<br />

يكون هذ<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي<strong>ا</strong> غي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ك<strong>ت</strong>ل هو<br />

%٥<br />

.<strong>١</strong><br />

.٢<br />

.٣<br />

فقط.‏ ‏(يقع نط<strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لعشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي بين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيعين <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>ع<br />

و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>).‏ و<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>بط قي<strong>م</strong>ة Z ب<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>نح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>عي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي عن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط.‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>نح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف <strong>ا</strong>لكبي<strong>ر</strong> عن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط سلب<strong>ا</strong> أو<br />

<strong>إ</strong>يج<strong>ا</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong> ي<strong>د</strong>ل على <strong>ت</strong>وزيع غي<strong>ر</strong> عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي للنق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثله<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة.‏<br />

ول<strong>ا</strong> ب<strong>د</strong> <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ٔآي<strong>د</strong> على أن <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>ت</strong>يجة <strong>ا</strong>لنه<strong>ا</strong>ئية لحس<strong>ا</strong>ب ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع يع<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong> بصو<strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>ر</strong>ئيسية على <strong>م</strong>ج<strong>م</strong>وعة<br />

<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>غي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> هي:‏<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وسط بع<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط عن بعضه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لبعض<br />

ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثل <strong>ا</strong>لظ<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong>ة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>كون <strong>م</strong>نه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>م</strong>نطقة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة ‏(وهي <strong>م</strong>ن أه<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لعو<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ؤث<strong>ر</strong>ة في <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع)‏<br />

ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لحق<br />

ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

Spatial Analyst<br />

.ArcGIS V.9.1<br />

.<strong>١</strong><br />

.٢<br />

.٣<br />

.٤<br />

حيث <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong>لي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية:‏<br />

في<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>قع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية و<strong>إ</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ثي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ج<strong>م</strong>يع نق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> على <strong>ا</strong>لصو<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفض<strong>ا</strong>ئية <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong>يثة<br />

ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>قطة بو<strong>ا</strong>سطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔق<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لصن<strong>ا</strong>عية<br />

وLandsat-7‎‏.‏ ،Ikonos<br />

حيث ظه<strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong> آ<strong>ا</strong>فة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق بصو<strong>ر</strong>ة و<strong>ا</strong>ضحة و<strong>د</strong>قيقة على <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>ئي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ذآو<strong>ر</strong>ة.‏ و<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>وقع<br />

عن<strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>حويل <strong>إ</strong>ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ثي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه <strong>إ</strong>لى بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>ية<br />

digital<br />

.ArcGIS<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>فقية<br />

( <strong>ا</strong>لجوية )<br />

.Spatial Analyst<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> حس<strong>ا</strong>ب <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>م</strong>نطقة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بعة ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

بو<strong>ا</strong>سطة ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج ،ArcMap أح<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> بين ج<strong>م</strong>يع نق<strong>ا</strong>ط <strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة ‏(<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق)‏ ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>لحق<br />

Spatial Analyst<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>إ</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة <strong>ا</strong>لجو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لحق نفسه،‏ ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط وشكل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة.‏

<strong>٧</strong><br />

وآ<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong> ن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل آ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يلي<br />

:<br />

بلغ ع<strong>د</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

حيث أس<strong>ت</strong>ثني<strong>ت</strong> بعض <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ر</strong>عية<br />

<strong>١</strong>٢٣<br />

)<br />

ح<strong>د</strong>يقة <strong>م</strong>وزعة على أحي<strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ض<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لنط<strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني<br />

بل<strong>د</strong>ية ثول ، بل<strong>د</strong>ية عسف<strong>ا</strong>ن ، بل<strong>د</strong>ية <strong>ا</strong>لجنوب ، بل<strong>د</strong>ية ذهب<strong>ا</strong>ن<br />

وذلك (<br />

لع<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق به<strong>ا</strong> ، وش<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ر</strong>عية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية ‏(أبح<strong>ر</strong>،‏ ب<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ن ، <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>،‏ ج<strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ة،‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لعزيزية،‏ <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>،‏ <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>عة،‏ وبل<strong>د</strong>ية أ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لسل<strong>م</strong><br />

(٤ و ٣ ‏(شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong> ( .<br />

شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>(‏‎٣‎‏)‏ <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ر</strong>عية ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة وأحي<strong>ا</strong>ءه<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة على ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج ArcGIS-V9.1) (<br />

بن<strong>ا</strong>ء"‏ على بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ‎<strong>١</strong>٤٢<strong>٧</strong>‎ه

٨<br />

(٤) شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق على أحي<strong>ا</strong>ء ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة بن<strong>ا</strong>ء"‏ على بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> أ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة ج<strong>د</strong>ة

<strong>٩</strong><br />

<strong>د</strong>قو<br />

<strong>ر</strong>هظأ<br />

ليلح<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

نأ<br />

Z ة<strong>م</strong>يق<br />

:يه<br />

،٦.<strong>١</strong>-<br />

يهو<br />

ة<strong>م</strong>يق<br />

لقأ<br />

ن<strong>م</strong><br />

ىن<strong>د</strong>أ<br />

ة<strong>م</strong>يق<br />

ةعقو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

Critical Value<br />

<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يع<strong>م</strong>لل<br />

.Z<br />

<strong>ر</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ا</strong><br />

يذل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ر</strong>يشي<br />

ىل<strong>إ</strong><br />

نأ<br />

لكش<br />

ط<strong>م</strong>نل<strong>ا</strong><br />

يف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>غجل<strong>ا</strong><br />

وه<br />

ع<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

وأ<br />

،ل<strong>ت</strong>ك<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

ىو<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>م</strong>ب<br />

ةقث<br />

يل<strong>ا</strong>ع<br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ج<br />

لصي<br />

ىل<strong>إ</strong><br />

.٠.<strong>٩</strong>٥<br />

<strong>ر</strong>هظ<strong>ت</strong>ف<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>م</strong><br />

ليلح<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ل<strong>ا</strong>كشأ<br />

ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>نأ<br />

عيزو<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ي<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

ن<strong>م</strong><br />

ط<strong>م</strong>نل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ىل<strong>إ</strong><br />

ط<strong>م</strong>نل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ع<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>و<strong>ر</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

ط<strong>م</strong>نل<strong>ا</strong>ب<br />

.يئ<strong>ا</strong>وشعل<strong>ا</strong><br />

لفسأو<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ذه<br />

لكشل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

لث<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

ج<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

نيب<br />

هذه<br />

.ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>نل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong>و<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>يو<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

ةقثل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ي<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

حو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

نيب<br />

٠.٠<strong>١</strong><br />

–<br />

٠.<strong>١</strong>٠<br />

ىلع<br />

بن<strong>ا</strong>جل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ن<strong>م</strong>يل<strong>ا</strong>ٔ<strong>ا</strong><br />

،ىنحن<strong>م</strong>لل<br />

-و<br />

٠.٠<strong>١</strong><br />

–<br />

.٠.<strong>١</strong>٠<br />

يو<strong>ت</strong>حيو<br />

لكشل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ضيأ<br />

ىلع<br />

<strong>م</strong>يقل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ةعقو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

Z <strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يع<strong>م</strong>ل<br />

ي<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

بح<strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>يو<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

.ةقثل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>ر</strong> لكش)<br />

(٥<br />

<strong>ر</strong>ظنل<strong>ا</strong>بو<br />

ىل<strong>إ</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ة<strong>ر</strong>وآذ<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ظحل<strong>ا</strong>ي<br />

نأ<br />

ط<strong>م</strong>ن<br />

عيزو<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ع<strong>م</strong>ج<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

Clustered<br />

ن<strong>م</strong>ض عقي<br />

ق<strong>ا</strong>طن<br />

ىو<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

ةقثل<strong>ا</strong><br />

نيب<br />

٠.٠<strong>١</strong><br />

و<br />

٠.٠٥<br />

.<strong>ا</strong>بي<strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>آ<br />

هنأ<br />

طب<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<br />

Z <strong>م</strong>يقب<br />

ةعقو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ي<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

حو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

نيب<br />

–<br />

<strong>١</strong>.<strong>٩</strong>٦<br />

و<br />

–<br />

٢.٥٨<br />

.<strong>ر</strong>ثآأو<br />

لث<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>بو<br />

ن<strong>ا</strong>ٕف<br />

ق<strong>ا</strong>طن<br />

ىو<strong>ت</strong>س<strong>م</strong><br />

ةقثل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ط<strong>م</strong>نلل<br />

<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

Dispersed<br />

نيب<br />

٠.٠<strong>١</strong><br />

و<br />

،٠.٠٥<br />

يف<br />

نيح<br />

هنأ<br />

طب<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ي<br />

<strong>م</strong>يقب<br />

Z<br />

ي<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

حو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>١</strong>.<strong>٩</strong>٦+ نيب<br />

+ و<br />

٢.٥٨<br />

.<strong>ر</strong>ثآأو<br />

يفف<br />

ج<strong>ر</strong>خ<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

يذل<strong>ا</strong><br />

لث<strong>م</strong>ي<br />

ةجي<strong>ت</strong>ن<br />

ب<strong>ا</strong>سح<br />

ط<strong>م</strong>ن<br />

عيزو<strong>ت</strong><br />

قئ<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>حل<strong>ا</strong><br />

يذل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>جأ<br />

،ج<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ر</strong>بل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ت</strong>غلب<br />

ةجي<strong>ت</strong>ن<br />

ة<strong>م</strong>سق<br />

ل<strong>د</strong>ع<strong>م</strong><br />

طسو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

ةف<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ةبوسح<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ىلع<br />

طسو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><br />

ةف<strong>ا</strong>س<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ةعقو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

،٠.<strong>٧</strong><strong>١</strong><br />

يف<br />

ة<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ش<strong>إ</strong><br />

ةحض<strong>ا</strong>و<br />

ىل<strong>إ</strong><br />

ف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>حن<strong>ا</strong><br />

ي<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>يع<strong>م</strong><br />

<strong>ر</strong>يبآ<br />

نع<br />

طسو<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

يذل<strong>ا</strong><br />

لث<strong>م</strong>يُ<br />

عيزو<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>و<br />

.يئ<strong>ا</strong>وشعل<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>ق<strong>ر</strong> لكش<br />

(٥)<br />

ين<strong>ا</strong>ك<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> عيزو<strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong> ط<strong>م</strong>ن<br />

قئ<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>حلل<br />

:<strong>ر</strong><strong>د</strong>ص<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

ج<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ر</strong>ب ىلع ةثح<strong>ا</strong>بل<strong>ا</strong> ل<strong>م</strong>ع<br />

ArcGIS v.9

<strong>١</strong>٠<br />

<strong>ت</strong>حليل آي<strong>ر</strong>نل<br />

kernel<br />

ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

يحسب هذ<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>خ<strong>ت</strong>ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>حص<strong>ا</strong>ئي <strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong>وغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في،‏ آث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong> عليه<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ عن ط<strong>ر</strong>يق حس<strong>ا</strong>ب آث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>لنق<strong>ا</strong>ط حول نقطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز.‏ و<strong>ت</strong>كون <strong>ا</strong>لقي<strong>م</strong>ة أعلى عن<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز،‏ و<strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>قص<br />

ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ب<strong>ت</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> عنه.‏ و<strong>ت</strong>ظه<strong>ر</strong> ن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج <strong>ت</strong>حليل صلة جو<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> بيض<strong>ا</strong>وية <strong>ت</strong>عكس آث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong> حيث<br />

أظه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل أن أعلى آث<strong>ا</strong>فة للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز<strong>ت</strong> في وسط <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ض<strong>م</strong>ن ثل<strong>ا</strong>ث بل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> هي:<strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>عة،‏ <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>،‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لعزيزية،‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>،‏ ج<strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ آ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يظه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لشكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

.( ٣<br />

)<br />

.٦<br />

kernel<br />

شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>(‏‎٦‎‏)‏ <strong>ت</strong>حليل آي<strong>ر</strong>نل لن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة على ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

ArcGIS v.9

<strong>١</strong><strong>١</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي ‏(<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع)‏ للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕض<strong>ا</strong>فة لذلك فق<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>لحق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ني ل<strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> نقطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي أو <strong>ا</strong>لو<strong>ا</strong>قعي Mean<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لنقطة <strong>ا</strong>لخض<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء على <strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>ر</strong>يطة)‏ ونقطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي أو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ث<strong>ا</strong>لي ‏(<strong>ا</strong>لنقطة <strong>ا</strong>لصف<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء)‏<br />

حيث يظه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لشكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ب نقط<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي <strong>م</strong>ن بعضه<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>،‏ <strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>نح<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ف يسي<strong>ر</strong> لل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضي نحو <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل في <strong>إ</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>م</strong>يل نحو <strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز حقيقي للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق نحو ش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل ج<strong>د</strong>ة.‏ ‏(شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

(<strong>٧</strong><br />

Central<br />

٤<br />

) Center<br />

.<br />

شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>(‏‎<strong>٧</strong>‎‏)‏ آث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة على ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

ArcGIS v.9

<strong>١</strong>٢<br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ت</strong>ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

٤<br />

يظه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لشكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong> أن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ي<strong>ت</strong>خذ شكل<strong>ا</strong> بيضوي<strong>ا</strong> ‏(<strong>ا</strong>للون<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔز<strong>ر</strong>ق)‏ حيث ي<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لغ<strong>ر</strong>بي،.‏ في حين ي<strong>م</strong>ثل <strong>ا</strong>لشكل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>ر</strong>ي(‏ <strong>ا</strong>للون <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔح<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>)‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>عي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>ية أو<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ضية <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لفعلي أو نقطة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لو<strong>ا</strong>قعي للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق.‏ حيث يل<strong>ا</strong>حظ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>آز <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق<br />

و<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لغ<strong>ر</strong>بي نحو ش<strong>ا</strong>طئ <strong>ا</strong>لبح<strong>ر</strong>.(شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong><br />

(٨<br />

شكل <strong>ر</strong>ق<strong>م</strong>(‏‎٨‎‏)‏ <strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ص<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong>:‏ ع<strong>م</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة على ب<strong>ر</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ج<br />

ArcGIS v.9<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ة و<strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وصي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>ن خل<strong>ا</strong>ل بن<strong>ا</strong>ء نظ<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> جغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>ح<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong> ن<strong>م</strong>ط وآث<strong>ا</strong>فة <strong>ت</strong>وزيعه<strong>ا</strong>،‏ ونقطة <strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>آزه<strong>ا</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>لفعلي و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong>وقع.‏ حيث <strong>ت</strong>بين أن ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة هو ن<strong>م</strong>ط عشو<strong>ا</strong>ئي،‏ ي<strong>م</strong>يل نحو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ك<strong>ت</strong>ل في بعض<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>م</strong>ثل بل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>عة و<strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>لعزيزية و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong> وج<strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لج<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ة.‏ آ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> أظه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>حليل ب<strong>ا</strong>ٔن <strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه ن<strong>م</strong>ط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في <strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>خذ شكل<strong>ا</strong> بيض<strong>ا</strong>وي<strong>ا</strong> نحو <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل بصو<strong>ر</strong>ة <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>ذية للس<strong>ا</strong>حل <strong>ا</strong>لبح<strong>ر</strong>ي،‏ حيث <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>و و<strong>ا</strong>لزحف <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل وعلى طول <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>ا</strong>طئ <strong>ا</strong>لبح<strong>ر</strong>ي.‏<br />

وآ<strong>ا</strong>ٔي <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ق<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>م</strong>ة،‏ ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>ف<strong>ت</strong>ق<strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>إ</strong>لى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>خطيط <strong>ا</strong>لحض<strong>ر</strong>ي <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>سبق في <strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>طقه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجنوبية،‏ بين<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> نج<strong>د</strong><br />

ع<strong>م</strong>لي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>خطيط ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ية للعي<strong>ا</strong>ن في أحي<strong>ا</strong>ئه<strong>ا</strong> وبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية.‏ وق<strong>د</strong> أ<strong>د</strong>ى ن<strong>م</strong>و <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة <strong>ا</strong>لس<strong>ر</strong>يع ب<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ج<strong>ا</strong>ه <strong>ا</strong>لش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل،‏ <strong>إ</strong>لى ظهو<strong>ر</strong><br />

ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق ج<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>د</strong>ة،‏ ول<strong>ا</strong> شك أن <strong>ت</strong>وف<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لفض<strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ر</strong>غة في ش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>فظة ق<strong>د</strong> أسه<strong>م</strong> بصو<strong>ر</strong>ة آبي<strong>ر</strong>ة في <strong>ت</strong>وفي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ئ<strong>م</strong>ة ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕنش<strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق.‏ وب<strong>ا</strong>لطبع ف<strong>ا</strong>ٕن ش<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل ج<strong>د</strong>ة هو <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ي<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ل ل<strong>م</strong>ثل <strong>ت</strong>لك <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>م</strong>وذجية.‏

<strong>١</strong>٣<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وصي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

<strong>م</strong>ن خل<strong>ا</strong>ل <strong>ا</strong>لن<strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئج <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ي <strong>ت</strong>وصل<strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ليه<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة <strong>ت</strong>وصي <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حة ب<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> يلي:‏<br />

<strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔه<strong>م</strong>ية ب<strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ا</strong>ن زي<strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong>ة <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ج<strong>د</strong>ة وهو<br />

٢<strong>٩</strong>٣.٥٦٢.٦<br />

٣٨<strong>٩</strong>.٣٥٤.٦<strong>٧</strong><strong>٩</strong><br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ج<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>لية للنط<strong>ا</strong>ق <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>ني<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع <strong>ا</strong>لى <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>سب <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>لنط<strong>ا</strong>ق<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong>بع،‏ ول<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ت</strong><strong>م</strong>ثل هذه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong><br />

(٠.٠٠<strong>٧</strong>٥ )<br />

.<br />

<strong>م</strong>ن<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لقي<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> على <strong>ت</strong>صنيف <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق ووضع <strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong> خ<strong>ا</strong>صة <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>م</strong> <strong>م</strong>ع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>حلية و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٕقلي<strong>م</strong>ية و<strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ية.‏<br />

هن<strong>ا</strong>ك ح<strong>ا</strong>جة <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة <strong>ا</strong>لى ق<strong>ا</strong>ع<strong>د</strong>ة بي<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ش<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>لة عن <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق لي<strong>م</strong>كن في ضوء ذلك وضع <strong>ا</strong>لخطط <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>م</strong>وية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>سبة<br />

ل<strong>ت</strong>طوي<strong>ر</strong> هذه <strong>ا</strong>لخ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> و<strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>م</strong>ي<strong>ت</strong>ه<strong>ا</strong> ويقع هذ<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لعبء على <strong>ا</strong>لجه<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>ش<strong>ر</strong>فة و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>سؤلة عن <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق.‏<br />

<strong>ت</strong>ق<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ح <strong>ا</strong>لب<strong>ا</strong>حثة <strong>ا</strong>نش<strong>ا</strong>ء ح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>ت</strong><strong>ت</strong>ن<strong>ا</strong>سب و طبيعة و<strong>م</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>حة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔحي<strong>ا</strong>ء وأخ<strong>ر</strong>ى على <strong>م</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>وى <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة ب<strong>م</strong>و<strong>ا</strong>صف<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong><br />

و<strong>م</strong>ع<strong>ا</strong>يي<strong>ر</strong> أفضل <strong>م</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong> عليه <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٓن.‏<br />

أه<strong>م</strong>ية <strong>ا</strong>س<strong>ت</strong>خ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> <strong>ت</strong>قنية نظ<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>علو<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية في <strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة و<strong>ت</strong>حليل <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>وزيع <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في للظو<strong>ا</strong>ه<strong>ر</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية<br />

يشكل ع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong> و<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فق <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح وخ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong>ه على وجه <strong>ا</strong>لخصوص.‏<br />

-<strong>١</strong><br />

-٢<br />

-٣<br />

-٤<br />

-٥

<strong>١</strong>٤<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ر</strong>بية<br />

أبو عي<strong>ا</strong>ش،‏ عب<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>له ‏(‏‎<strong>١</strong><strong>٩</strong>٨٠‎<strong>م</strong>):‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>خطيط للخ<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية ، <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ض،‏ <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>عه<strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ر</strong>بي ل<strong>ا</strong>ن<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ء <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ن<br />

، <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويح في <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ر</strong>بية.‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>نة <strong>م</strong>ح<strong>ا</strong>فظة ج<strong>د</strong>ة ‏(‏‎<strong>١</strong>٤٢٦‎ه):‏ <strong>ا</strong>لبل<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لف<strong>ر</strong>عيةwww.jeddah.gov.sa<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لشيخ،‏ <strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>ل.‏ <strong>ا</strong>لنش<strong>ا</strong>ط<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong><strong>ر</strong>ويحية ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ت</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ئق <strong>م</strong>ن <strong>ا</strong>لسعو<strong>د</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> في <strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ض:‏ <strong>د</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>سة<br />

جغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>فية،‏ <strong>ر</strong>س<strong>ا</strong>لة <strong>م</strong><strong>ا</strong>جس<strong>ت</strong>ي<strong>ر</strong> <strong>م</strong>ق<strong>د</strong><strong>م</strong>ة <strong>إ</strong>لى قس<strong>م</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في<strong>ا</strong> ، آلية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٓ<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>ب،‏ ج<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>عة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لك سعو<strong>د</strong>،‏ ‎<strong>١</strong><strong>٩</strong><strong>٩</strong>٤‎<strong>م</strong>.‏<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لص<strong>ا</strong>لح،‏ ن<strong>ا</strong>ص<strong>ر</strong> ، عب<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong><strong>ا</strong>لله ، و<strong>م</strong>ح<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لس<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ني(‏‎٢٠٠٠‎<strong>م</strong>)‏ <strong>ا</strong>لجغ<strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>في<strong>ا</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لك<strong>م</strong>ية أسس و<strong>ت</strong>طبيق<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> ب<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔس<strong>ا</strong>ليب<br />

<strong>ا</strong>لح<strong>ا</strong>سوبية <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ر</strong>ي<strong>ا</strong>ض <strong>م</strong>ك<strong>ت</strong>بة <strong>ا</strong>لعبيك<strong>ا</strong>ن.‏<br />

<strong>م</strong><strong>د</strong>ينة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong>لك عب<strong>د</strong><strong>ا</strong>لعزيز للعول<strong>م</strong> و<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ت</strong>قنية<br />

<strong>م</strong>صلحة <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>حص<strong>ا</strong>ء<strong>ا</strong><strong>ت</strong> <strong>ا</strong>لع<strong>ا</strong><strong>م</strong>ة<br />

:<br />

،<br />

.٢٠٠<strong>٧</strong><br />

.٢٠٠<strong>٧</strong><br />

:<br />

:<br />

-<br />

-<br />

-<br />

-<br />

-<br />

-<br />

<strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>م</strong><strong>ر</strong><strong>ا</strong>جع <strong>ا</strong>ل<strong>ا</strong>ٔجنبية<br />

- J.B.Cullingworth, problems of an Urban Society, London, Ruskin<br />

.House, 1972, p.108.<br />

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