Tamil - Microfinance in Sri Lanka

yq;fh Ez;epjp njhopy;KidNthu; rq;fk; 

KfTiu 

fle;j %d;W jrhg;jq;fshf Ez;epjpj; Jiw gy tpjkhd khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 

1970 fhyg;gFjpapy; xU Muha;r;rp nraw;wpl;lkhf njhlq;fpa ,e;j Jiw ,g;nghOJ xU 

MuthukhdnjhU Jiwahf khw;wkile;Js;sJ. mNefkhd epjp epWtdq;fs; 

jq;fSila vy;iyapid Ez; epjpj; Jiwf;F tpupTgLj;jpAs;sdu;. ,Ue;jhYk;> 

Ez;epjp vd;fpd;w Nfhl;ghL> mNefkhd kf;fspd; vz;zf;fUtpy;> twpa kf;fSf;F 

epjprhu;e;j fld; toq;FtjhfNt ,d;dKk; epiynfhz;Ls;sJ. 

Ez; epjpj; Jiw rhu;e;j tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspg;gNjhL ,j;Jiwapy; nghJthd 

,yq;ifau;fspd; gq;fpidAk; thrfu;fSf;F mwpKfk; nra;tNj ,e;j ifNal;bd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,J> jw;Nghija epWtdk; rhu;e;j fl;likg;G> Njrpa tiyaikg;G 

mNjNghd;W Ez;epjp KidNthu;fspd; nray; jpwidAk; Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjhf mikAk;. 

mz;ikf;fhykhf fye;JiuahlYf;F nfhz;L tug;gl;l kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd tplakhd 

,yq;ifapYs;s Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;fhd xOq;F Kiw mikg;G rk;ge;jkhf thrfu;fspd; 

ftdj;ijf; ftUtJk; ,e;jg; gpuRuj;jpd; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. ,e;jj; 

Jiw rhu;e;j Kf;fpakhd gq;Fjhuu;fSf;fpilapy; xU rpwe;j XOq;FKiw mikg;gpid 

eilKiwg;gLj;jtJ rk;ge;jkhf gy fye;Jiuahly;fs; eilngw;wjhapDk; ,J 

rk;ge;jkhd KiwahdnjhU eltbf;if vLg;gJ ,d;dKk; epiwNtwhkNyAs;sJ. 

,yq;ifapy; cs;s Ez;epjp KidNthu;fis gpujpepjpg;gLj;Jk; mikg;ghd> yq;fh 

Ez;epjp njhopy;KidNthu; rq;fk; (LMFPA) ,e;j Kf;fpakhd tplaj;jpd; Njitf;F 

mOj;jk; nfhLj;J eptu;j;jp nra;a Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ kw;Wk; Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;fhd xU 

xOq;FKiw mikg;gpid eilKiwg;gLj;j gug;Giu nra;Ak; gq;Fjhuu;fSf;Fk; 

,e;jf; ifNaL NkYk; njspTgLj;Jk;. kfpe;j rpe;jid tpQ;Qhgdj;jpw;F mikthf 

,e;´y; miktNjhL =yq;fhtpy; Ez;epjpj;Jiw tsu;r;rp rk;ge;jkhf epjp mikr;ru; 

mjpNkjF [dhjpgjp kfpe;j uh[gf;\ mtu;fspd; ,e;jf; ifNal;bid tbtikf;f Kf;fpa KJnfYk;ghf tpsq;fpa 

yq;fh Ez;epjp KidNthu; rq;fj;jpd; nghUshsu; jpU. M.M. mj;jdhaf;fh mtu;fSf;F 

ed;wp $Wfpd;Nwd;. ,jDila Ke;ija tiuTf;fhf jd;Dila kjpg;Gkpf;f 

fUj;Jf;fis Nghjpastpy; toq;fpa fyhepjp.epky; ngu;zhz;Nlh mtu;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; 

,e;jf; ifNal;bid jpUj;jp mikf;f cjtp nra;j fyhepjp. G. c];ntl;lhuhr;rp 

mtu;fSf;Fk; ed;wpapidf; $wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. rigapdUf;F ,e;jf; ifNal;bd; 

tiutpid Vw;W gpuRupj;jjw;Fk; yq;fh Ez;epjp njhopy;KidNthu; rq;fj;jpd; 

gzpg;ghsu; rigapdUf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpia njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. ,e;jf; ifNaL 

gjpg;gpidaila mjw;Fupa epjpapidj; je;Jjtpa gpshd; =yq;fh epWtdj;jpw;Fk; 

vd;Dila tpNrlkhd ed;wpawpjiyj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. 

rd;d n[ajpyf;f 

jiytu; 2011/12 


tsu;r;rpf;Fk; rk epiyf;Fkhd Ez;epjp | i


cs;slf;fk; 

mwpKfk; 

tWik xopg;gpy; Ez;epjpapd; gq;F 

,yq;ifapy; Ez;epjpapd; mDgtq;fs; 

Jiwapd; jw;Nghija epWtd fl;likg;G 

yq;fh Ez;epjp njhopy;KidNthu; rq;fk; (LMFPA) 

,yq;ifapy; E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; nray;jpwd; 

,yq;ifapy;; Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs; 

,yq;ifapy; Ez;jpjpj; Jiwf;fhd gpur;ridfs; 

xU cfe;j fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;jtk; 

KbTiu 

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tsu;r;rpf;Fk; rk epiyf;Fkhd Ez;epjp | ii


mwpKfk; 

r%fj;jpNy cs;s twpa kw;Wk; nghUshjhu> r%f uPjpapy; eyptile;Js;s gFjpiar; 

rhu;e;Njhupd;> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fspd; tWik epiyapidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; 

mtu;fis tYT+l;Ltjw;Fk; ghtpf;fg;gLk; xU jpwikahd tsu;r;rpf; fUtpahf Ez;epjp 

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mq;fpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tq;fhsNjrj;jpy; xU rpwpa Ff;fpuhkj;jpy; 

1970 eLg;gFjpapy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l xU rpwpastpyhd nray; Muha;r;rp> rpwpa kw;Wk; 

eLj;ju tUkhdk; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fisAk; mtu;fSila rpW njhopy;Kaw;rpfisAk; 

,yf;fhff; nfhz;L Muk;gpj;j ,e;j nraw;ghL epjpr; Nritj; Jiwahf khw;wkile;J 

mq;fPfhuk; ngw;Ws;sJ. nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fSk; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpahsu;fSk; 

epjpr; re;ijapy; ,e;j Gjpa Njhw;wg;ghl;bw;F mjpfstpyhd ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;jp> 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fSf;F(E.ep.ep) xj;jhir Gupe;J ,e;jj; Jiwapy; xU Kf;fpakhd 

gq;fpid tfpf;Fk; tifapy; khw;wpAs;sdu;. ,Ue;jhYk;> ,j;Jiwapy; rPu; nra;a 

Ntz;ba ,d;Dk; gy gpur;ridfs; cs;sd. ,e;jg; gpur;rid ehl;Lf;F ehL 

khWglf;$bajhf ,Ue;jhYk; rpy nghJthditahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jj; Jiwf;F 

E.ep.ep mlq;fyhf xU MNuhf;fpakhd tsu;r;rpf;F MjuT toq;fp top fhl;Lk; tifapy; 

fl;Lg;ghL kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;Ak; tifapy; xU mikg;gpid epWTjy; nghJthd 

gpur;ridahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,f;fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;ghdJ Ez;epjp re;ijapd; 

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s gz;GfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; gytifg;gl;l E.ep.ep Vw;Gila tifapYk; 

Njitahf ,Ug;gjhy;> ,J xU rthyhd gzpahFk;. 

twpa kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gq;fspd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f 

tYT+l;liy Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l epjpr; Nritapd; epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba tsu;r;rpapd; 

Kf;fpaj;jpid mq;fPfupf;Fk; tifapy;>xU NkYk; rhjfkhd #o;epiyapid cUthf;Fk; 

Nehf;fj;Jld; mNefkhd ehLfs; xU rl;l uPjpahd fl;likg;gpid Njhw;Wtpf;f 

Kaw;rpfs; vLj;Js;sd. ,e;jg; gzpapd; ntw;wp> nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs; Jiwapd; 

Fzhjpaj;jpid ed;F Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; msitg; nghWj;NjAs;sJ. Vndd;why; 1983y; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l cyf Kf;fpak; tha;e;j fpuhkpd; tq;fpapd; ];jhgfu; Nehgy; gupR 

ngw;w Nguhrpupau; nkhfkl; A+D}]; mtu;fs; Ez;epjp tpj;jpahrkhdnjd njhlu;r;rpahf 

typAWj;jp te;Js;shu;. 

Ez; epjpj; JiwapidAk; mJ vjpu; nfhs;Sk; gpur;ridfis gw;wpAk; rpwe;j mwptpidg; 

nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTtNj ,e;jf; ifNal;bd; 

Nehf;fkhFk;. ,t;thwhd mwpT epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba epjpr; Nritapid 

twpatu;fSf;F kpfTk; cfe;j tifapy; nfhs;iffis tbtikg;gjpYk; kw;Wk; 

eilKiwg;gLj;jtjpYk; nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fSf;F cjTtJld; mjd; %ykhf 

tWikf; Fiwg;gpid ehLk; mtu;fSf;F jpwikahdJk; njspthdJkhd KbTfis 

mila xU re;ju;g;gj;jpid toq;FtjhfTk; mikAk; vd ehq;fs; ek;Gfpd;Nwhk;. 

,e;jf; ifNaL tWikf; Fiwg;gpy; Ez;epjpapd; gq;fpidAk; =yq;fhtpy; Ez;epjpj; 

Jiwapd; tuyhw;W uPjpahd tsu;r;rpapidAk;>jw;Nghija epWtd fl;likg;gpidAk; 

kw;Wk; Jiw rhu;e;j rhjidfisAk; RUf;fkhf tpthpf;fpd;wJ. =yq;fhtpy; Ez;epjpj; 

Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpapid Nehf;fpajhd murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;ifapd; gFjp> gpur;ridfs; 

rk;ge;jkhd Kf;fpakhf fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gpid mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; gpur;ridfisAk; 

kw;Wk; rpy KbTfisAk; nfhz;l fye;Jiuahliyj; njhlu;e;jjhFk;. 

tsu;r;rpf;Fk; rk epiyf;Fkhd Ez;epjp | 01


tWik xopg;gpy; Ez;epjpapd; gq;F 

Ez;epjp Jiw vd;gJ> tq;fp kw;Wk; Vida ghuk;gupa epjp epWtdq;fspy; rhjhuz 

epjp rk;ge;jkhd Nritfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F trjpaw;w twpa kw;Wk; Fiwe;j 

tUkhdq;fisf; nfhz;l Nrit ngWdh;fis ,yf;fhf nfhz;L nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; 

gy;Ntwhd epjp Nritfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j Nrit ngWeh;fshy; epWtdq;fshy; 

tpjpf;fg;gLk; fLikahd gpizfs; kw;Wk; Vida epge;jidfis re;jpf;f Kbahky; 

,Uf;fpd;wJ. ghuk;ghpa epjp epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; ghhpa epjpr; NritfNshL 

xg;gpLk; NghJ> rpW mstpyhd fld;fs;> Nrkpg;Gfs;> nfhLg;gdT trjpfs;> fhg;GWjp 

Kjypad Ez;epjpj; Jiwapd; Fwpg;gpljf;f mk;rkhFk;. 

cyfpYs;s Nfhbf;fzf;fhd twpa kw;Wk; Fiwe;jsT tUkhdk; ngWk; kf;fspd; 

tho;thjhuq;fis kw;Wk; FLk;g eyd;fis Nkk;gLj;jp mNj Neuj;jpy; epjp 

rk;ge;jkhd ghjpg;gpidAk; Fiwf;f Ez;epjp re;ju;g;gq;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ. twpa kf;fs; 

epahakhd tpiyapy; epjpr; Nritfisg; ngWtjd; %yk; nghUshjhu tha;g;Gf;fis 

gad;gLj;jp nfhs;sy;> nrhj;Jf;fis cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mtu;fSila tho;f;ifj; 

juj;jpidg; ghjpf;Fk;; Gw mjpu;r;rpfisf; Fiwj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F cjTfpd;wJ. twpa 

kf;fsplk; mjpf gzk; ,y;yhjjhy; Vida FLk;gq;fis tpl mjpfkhf epjpr; 

Nritapidg; ngw Ntz;ba Njit mth;fSf;Fs;sJ. 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs;> twpa thbf;fifahsu; Fokq;fSf;F nghUe;Jk; tifapy; 

mtu;fs; rk;ghjpf;f> Nrkpf;f> kw;Wk; mtu;fsJ nrhe;j NjitfSf;F nghUe;Jk; 

tifapy; GJikahd epjpr; Nritfis toq;Fk;. Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; kf;fSf;F 

fpilf;Fk; Ez;epjpf;fld;fs;> cjhuzkhf> cw;gj;jp %yjdj;jpidg; ngWtjw;Fupa 

fl;Lg;ghl;bid ePf;Ffpd;wJ. %yjdk; fpilg;gJ Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk;mtu;fSila 

nfhba tWikr; Row;rpapypUe;J ntspNa tu cjTfpwJ kw;Wk; Fiwe;j KjyPL 

%ykhf tUkhdk; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L Row;rpapidj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. 

ehLfSf;fpilapyhd Ez;epjp mDgtq;fs; twpatu;fSf;F epjp toq;fypy; ,Ue;j rpy 

jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis ePf;fpAs;sd. twpatu;fs; KjyPl;Lf;F jFe;jtu;fsy;y vd;gNj 

ghuk;gupa ek;gpf;ifahf ,Ue;J te;jJ. ,e;j ek;gpf;if ghuk;ghpa epjp epWtdq;fs; 

twpath;fis cjhrPdg;gLj;Jk; epiyf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;wJ. twpatu;fs; %yjdj;jpidj; 

gaDs;s tifapy; elhj;j jpwikaw;wtu;fs;> vdNt mtu;fSf;F re;ij 

tPjj;jpw;fikthf tl;b tPjj;jpid mwtplhJ Fiwe;j tPjj;jpy; khdpa mbg;gilapy; 

tl;bapid toq;fp mtu;fSf;F cjt Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;w vz;zf; fUj;Jk; ,Ue;J 

tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy; gy ehLfspypUe;J ngwg;gl;l mDgtq;fs;> twpatu;fs; tq;fpr; 

Nritf;F nghUj;jkhdtu;fs;> ek;gfukhd thbf;ifahsu;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fSila 

fld;fis rPuhfg; gad;gLj;jp jq;fSila tpahghuj;jpid elhj;j jpwd; cs;stu;fs; 

vd;fpd;w cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mtu;fs; jq;fSila fld; jtizg; 

gzj;jpid xOq;fhf kPsspf;fpd;wdu;> juTfspd;gb> nghJthf gzf;fhu kf;fistpl 

twpa kf;fs; kPsspg;G tplaj;jpy; rpwe;jtu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

Ez;epjp thbf;ifahsu;fs; rpwpastpy; fld;fs;> Nrkpg;Gf;fis ngWfpd;wdu; kw;Wk; 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; ,tu;fSf;F jpwd;kpf;f nray;Kiwfisf; nfhz;l nghUj;jkhf 

epjpr; NritfisAk; toq;Ffpd;wd. Ez;epjpr; Nritfs; twpa kf;fspd; 

nghUshjhuj;jpid kl;Lky;yhJ> mtu;fSila FLk;gq;fspd; r%f epiy> Cl;lr;rj;J> 

fy;tp> njhopy;> tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; ];jpuj;jd;ikapidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wd. Ez;epjp 

Jiw r%fj;jpd; gytPdkhd gFjpapdh; kw;Wk; jpwd; kpf;f ngz;fs; 

milahsq;fshfTk; cjTfpd;wJ. 



Ez;epjp epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; ,uz;L epjpr; Nritfs; 

Ez;fld; kw;Wk; Ez;Nrkpg;GkhFk;. Nrkpg;gtUf;F Fiwe;j gl;r gupkhw;wr; nrytpidf; 

nfhz;ljhf Nrkpg;G Nrfupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mj;NjhL gzk; ghJfhg;ghf 

,Uf;fNtz;baNjhL; kPsspg;Gk; ,yFthf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. Ez; Nrkpg;G vd;gJ 

kWGwj;jpy; twpa kf;fs; mtu;fSf;F Nrkpf;ff; $bastpy;> rpwpastpyhtJ Nrkpj;J 

xOq;fw;w tUkhdk; kw;Wk; mtru epiyapidAk; rkhspf;Fk; tifapy; ,ayhik 

vd;fpd;w fhyj;jpw;F Nghtij jtpu;f;fpd;wJ. E.ep.ep> Fwpg;ghf mur rhugw;w E.ep.ep> 

nghJthf Nrkpg;G gof;fj;jpid twpa kf;fSf;F Cf;Ftpj;J rpwpastpy; Nrkpf;f 

gof;fp mt;thwhd Nrkpg;gpid mtu;fSila fld;fSf;F nghWg;ghfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 

E.epep twpa kf;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf;F jFe;j tifapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Nrkpg;G Nritfis 

toq;Ffpd;wd. fld;fs; ek;gpf;ifapy; kl;Lk; toq;fg;glfpd;wd. kPsspg;Gfs; 

mtu;fSila xOq;fw;w tUkhd KiwfSf;F Vw;w tifapy; ,Uf;Fk;. xU 

Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;dntdpy;> twpa kf;fSf;F njhlu;r;rpahd fld; toq;fy; 

%ykhf mtu;fs; njhlu;r;rpahf epjpAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltu;fshfpd;wdu;. 

Ez;epjp Gj;jhapuk; Mz;L tsu;r;rp ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F> Fwpg;ghf fPo;f;fz;lthW 

cjTfpd;wJ 

• ehshe;jk; $ 1 Fiwthd tUkhdj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; 

njhifia miuthrpahf Fiwj;jy;. 

• ngz;fs;> Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ,isQu;fSf;F nfsutkhd Ntiy toq;fy; 

• tWikapy; thLk; kf;fspd; njhifia miuthrpahf Fiwj;jy;. 

,J Ez;epjpapd; ngWkhdj;jpid xU tsu;r;rpf; fUtpahf Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. E.ep.ep 

mjpfsT twpa kf;fsJ tho;thjhuj;jpw;F cjTk; tifapy; Kaw;rp nra;fpd;wJ. 

tWikapd; fPo; thOk; ngz;fs;> FLk;gg; nghWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfisg; guhkupg;G 

fhuzkhf tPl;bNyNa ,Ug;gjhYk; kw;Wk; rpwpa tpahghu Kaw;rpfis ey;y Kiwapy; 

epjpg; nghWg;Gld; elhj;Jk; jpwikAk; nfhz;Ls;sjhYk; mtu;fs; Ez;epjp 

eltbf;iffspy; xU ,yf;fhd FOthf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. Ez;epjp> ngz;fs; jq;fSila 

FLk;gj;jpy; KbTfis vLf;Fk; nghWg;gpidAk; kw;Wk; jd;ek;gpf;ifapidAk; 

mjpfg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. nry;tj;jpid cUthf;Fjy; %yk; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; tWikapidf; 

Fiwj;jy; Mfpa Nehf;fq;fis Ez;epjp milfpd;wJ. rpwpa njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; %ykhf 

Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fisAk; Ez;epjp Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nkyhf> Ez;epjp> 

,isQu;fSf;F Fwpg;ghf ngUk;ghd;ikahd ngz;fSf;F Ntiy tha;g;gpid toq;Fk; 

xU Kf;fpakhd Mjhukhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid mNefkhf kf;fs; mwpahky; 

,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Vida ghuk;gupa epjp toq;Fk; epWtdq;fis 

tpl NtWgl;lit 

r%fg; gzpapidAk; kw;Wk; epjpr; Nritfis toq;Fk; Kiwfisg; nghWj;J Ez;epjp 

epWtdq;fs; tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; Vida ghuk;gupa epjp toq;Fk; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;Jk; 

fzprkhd msT NtWgLfpd;wd. Ez;epjp tsu;r;rpf;F xU rpwe;j nfhs;ifapid 

tbtikg;gjw;F> ,t;twhd Ez;epjpj; Jiw rk;ge;jkhd mbg;gilahd 

NtWghLfisAk; kw;Wk; tprpj;jpukhd Fzhjpaq;fisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;tJ 

Njitahfpd;wJ. 



• ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapyhd fld; 

toq;Fk; fld;fspd; rfy nraw;ghLfSk; gpizfisg; nghWg;ghf vLf;fhkhy; 

ek;gpf;fifapd; mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLtJ E.ep.ep toq;Fk; fld;fSf;Fk; tq;fpfs; 

toq;Fk; fld;fSf;Fkpilapy; cs;s mbg;gil NtWghlhFk;. E.ep.ep Mff; $basT twpa 

kf;fis milAk; tifapy; Kiwfis GJikahd tifapy; Njhw;Wtpf;f 

js;sg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,t;thW nra;Ak; nghOJ> Kiwahd Kiwfis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; 

Ntisapy; gytpjkhd Fwpg;gpl;l rthy;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;btUk;. ,t;thwhd 

rthy;fs; gpd;tUkhW: 

o fld; ngWgtu;fs; rk;ge;jkhd G+u;j;jpaw;w jfty;fs;> mjd; fhuzkhf 

fld;gLk; ve;j egu; xOq;fhf fld;fis kPsr; nrYj;Jthu; vd;fpd;w gpur;rid 

fld; toq;Fgtu;fSf;F njupahy; ,Uf;Fk; 

o xg;ge;jq;fis mKy; gLj;Jtjpy; f\;lq;fs; 

o epjpr; Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; mjpf gupkhw;wr; nryTfs; 

,Nj Ntisapy;> thbf;ifahsu;fspd; Nfs;tpfis jpUg;jp nra;Ak; tifapy; 

nghUj;jkhd Kiw kw;Wk; Nritfs; mike;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; Nrkpg;gtu;fs; jq;fSila 

Nrkpg;Gfs; ghJfhg;ghf ,Ug;gNjhL> kpff; Fiwe;j itg;Gfs;> ,yFthd kw;Wk; 

tpiuthd kPsspg;G> mUfhikapy; ngwf;$ba tifahd trjpfs; vd;gtw;wpid 

vjpu;ghu;g;ghu;fs;. 

fld; ngWgtu;fs;> mbf;fb kw;Wk; tpiuthf rpwpastpy; epahakhd tpiyapy; 

ngwg;gLk; fld;fs;> fld;fSf;F vJtjkhd gpizj; Njitapd;ik epahakhd 

fl;lzk;>ngz;fspdJk; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;jpy; eyptile;NjhupdJk; NjitfSf;F 

Vw;w tifapyhd tpjpfs;> jq;fshy; ek;gj;jFe;jth;fshy; elhj;jg;gLk; epjp 

epWtdq;fis vjph;ghh;g;gNjhL> me;epWtdq;fs; jq;fs; Nky; ek;gpf;if 

itj;jpUg;gijAk; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhd gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;g;gNjhL> Ez;epjpr; 

Nritapid toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs; jq;fSila epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikapidAk; 

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L gytpjkhd KiwikfisAk; nghUl;fisAk; cUthf;Fthu;fs;. 

E.ep.ep gupkhw;wr; nrytpid Fiwe;jstpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpfs; vLg;ghu;fs;. 

,jw;fhf fld;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjk; Fiwthf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mNj Nghd;W 

fl;lzq;fSk; Fiwthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fld;fis guprPypg;gJ tpiuthf ,Uf;f 

Ntz;Lk;. E.ep.ep thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F mz;ikapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. FOf;fspd; 

$l;lj;jpy; nrytopf;fg;gLk; Neuk; Fiwthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j nraw;ghLfshy; 

tpahghuj;jpypUe;J ntspNa nrytplg;gLk; Neuj;jpidf; Fiwf;f KbAk;. itg;ghsu;fs; 

Fiwe;jsT epYitapidAk;> Fiwe;jsT gj;jpu NtiyfisAk; kw;Wk; kPsspg;gpy; 

Fiwe;jsT fl;Lg;ghLfisAk; vjpu;ghu;g;ghu;fs;. 



• epjpr; Nrit njhlh;gw;w Nrit toq;fy;fs; 

epjpr; Nritapidg; ngWtjw;F Nkyhf> twpa kf;fis cz;ikahf tYg;gLj;j 

mtu;fSf;F Nkyjpf cjtpfs; Njit vd;gjpid E.ep.ep jq;fSila mDgtuPjpahf 

milahsk; fz;Ls;sdu;. mNefkhd E.ep.ep flDld; ,ize;j Nkyjpf Nrit 

toq;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. Ez;epjp jpl;lq;fs; ,ju Nritj;jpl;lq;fshd 

KjpNahu; vOj;jwpT kw;Wk; rpWtu; fy;tp> vr;. I. tp> kw;Wk; kNyupah mlq;fyhd 

Rfhjhuf; fy;tp> Ngh\hf;F> epjpawpT> nkhopg; gapw;rp> rl;l MNyhrid> tpahghu 

gapw;rpfs;> jpwd; gapw;rp kw;Wk; jiyikj;Jtg; gapw;rp Mfpatw;Wld; ,ize;J 

nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 

• tiyaikg;gpid typAWj;jy; 

Ez;epjp Kiwikfs;> Fiwe;jstpyhd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; fld;fSf;F nghWg;ghf 

nrhj;Jf;fis vLf;fhkypUj;jy; Mfpatw;iw 

rpy FOf;fs;> gu];gu cjtpAld; mOj;jk; nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; rpwpa FOf;fspy; 

epjpr; Nritfisj; jpwk;gl elhj;j kw;Wk; epjp xOf;fj;jpidg; thbf;ifahsu;fSf;Fs; 

NgzTk; jq;fpAs;sd. ,r;rpwpa FOf;fs; fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; fhYd;wpa FOf;fshf 

khw;wg;gl;L> gpd;G tiyaikg;Gs;s ngupa FOf;fshfpd;wd. NkYk;> xOq;fhd 

$l;lq;fs; %yk; ,t;tiyaikg;G epiyj;jpUg;gJ> r%f %yjdj;jpidf; 

fl;bnaOg;GtNjhL twpa kf;fspd; nghUshjhu RgPl;rk; kw;Wk; tsu;r;rpapid 

fl;bnaOg;g cjTk;. 

• r%f Fwpf;Nfhs; 

KOikahf epjp Nehf;fj;jpw;F Nkyhf r%f Fwpf;Nfhis milAk; Ez;epjpapd; xU 

cs;shu;e;j gzp> nghJthd tpahghu jj;;Jtj;jpw;Fk; Ez;epjp 

tpahghuj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd Kf;fpakhd tpj;jpahrkhFk;. E.ep.ep r%ff; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis 

miltjpYs;s ntw;wpfuk; gy tifahd nraw;jpwd; FwpaPLfs; %yk; 

fz;fhzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd FwpaPLfs;> fPo;tUtdtw;wpd; rhjidfisg; 

gpujpgypf;fpd;wd: 

mjpfkhd twpa kw;Wk; mjpfkhf tpyf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F ePbj;j tifapy; 

Nritfs; toq;Fjy;> 

,yf;fplg;gl;l thbf;fifahsu;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l NjitfSf;fhf Kiwahd 

kjpg;gPL %ykhf thbf;ifahsu;fspd; fpilf;ff;$ba epjpr; Nritfspd; 

juj;jpid> kw;Wk; nghUj;jj;jpidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy;> 

thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F>mtu;fSila FLk;gj;jpdUf;F> kw;Wk; r%fj;jpw;F 

gad;ngWk; nghUl;L r%f %yjdk; kw;Wk; nrhj;J> tUkhdk; kw;Wk; epjpr; 

Nrit tiffis cUthf;Fjy;> 

mjpu;r;rp kw;Wk; mtru epiyikapd; NghJ thbf;ifahsu;fspd; ghjpg;gpidf; 

Fiwj;jy;> 

thbf;ifahsu;fs;> Copau;fs; kw;Wk; mJ Nrit nra;Ak; r%fj;jpd; kPJk; 

E.ep.ep cupa r%f nghWg;gpid Nkk;gLj;jy;> 



,yq;ifapy; Ez;epjpapd; mDgtq;fs; 

tuyhw;W tsu;r;rp 

Ez;epjpr; Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; KjyhtJ Kaw;rp rpf;fd kw;Wk; fld; $l;LwTr; 

rq;f epWtdq;fs; %yk; 1906y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Muk;g jrhg;jq;fspy; ,e;j 

,af;fk; Kf;fpakhf murhq;fj;jpd; MjuT fhuzkhf jioj;Njhq;fpaJ> Mdhy; gpd;G 

fpuhkpa epjpr; re;ijapy; ,J Kf;fpakhd jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jj; jtwptpl;lJ. ,e;j 

,af;fk; 1980 fspy; kPz;Lk; cUntLj;J ,g;nghOJ fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; ehL 

KOtJkhd ngupastpyhd tiyaikg;ghf khw;wkile;Js;sJ. 1947 njhlf;fk; 1990 

fhyg;gFjpapy; Gjpa epWtdq;fis Njhw;Wtpj;J fpuhkpa epjpapid toq;FtjpYk; 

kw;Wk; khdpa mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjj;Jld; mur MjuTld; $ba fpuhkpa fld; 

jpl;lq;fisAk; mwpKfg;gLj;jp gytpjkhd Kaw;rpfis murhq;fk; vLj;jJ. 

murhq;fj;jpd; KjyhtJ fpuhkpa epjpj; jpl;lk;> 1940 fspd; gpw;gFjpapy; 

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l tptrhaj; jpl;lj;jpD}lhf rpwpa fkf;fhuu;fSf;F 

khdpabg;gilapyhd ney; gapupLjYf;fhf fld;fis> gy mur jpizf;fofq;fs; Clhf 

1967 tiu toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1967y; ,e;j jpl;lk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; tptrhapfSf;F fld; toq;Fk; 

Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf tpNrlkhf cUthf;fg;gl;l mjDila fpis epWtdq;fshd tptrha 

Nrit epiyaq;fs; Clhf ,e;j jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg; gLj;Jk; nraypy; te;jJ. 

gpd;G> `l;ld; eh\dy; tq;fp kw;Wk; rpy jdpahu; tq;fpfSk; tptrhaf; fld;fis 

eilKiwg;gLj;j njhlq;fpd. ,e;jj; jpl;lk; ,g;nghOJk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; epjp kPsspg;G 

kw;Wk; fld; cj;juthjk; Nghd;wit ,y;yhky; Mdhy; murplkpUe;J tl;b tPjj;jpy; 

khdpak; ngw;W tq;fpfspdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. 

kj;jpa tq;fp 1980 kw;wk; 1990 fhyg;gFjpapy; fpuhkpa fld; toq;Fk; jpl;lj;jpid tpupT 

nra;J eLj;ju kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy fpuhkpa fld; jpl;lq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jp mjd; 

%ykhf tptrhak; jtpu;e;j nraw;ghLfs;> ePz;l fhyg; gapu;r; nra;iffs;> fhy;eil 

tsu;g;G kw;Wk; Ra njhopy; eltbf;iffisAk; Cf;Ftpj;jJ. ,t;thwhd fld; 

jpl;lq;fSk;>khdpa mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjq;fs; mlq;fpajhf mike;jd. ,t;thwhd 

fld;fis mKy; gLj;Jtjw;F VJthf epjp kpsspg;G trjpfs;> fld; cj;juthjk; 

MfpaitAk; toq;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thwhd gy jpl;lq;fSf;fhd epjpfs; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp 

tq;fp> cyf tq;fp cs;slq;fpa ru;tNjr epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;ld. tpepNahf 

ce;Jjy; ,e;j fld; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd mk;rkhFk;> mjhtJ fpuhkpa tsu;r;rpf;Fj; 

Njitahd fld;fs;> ,yf;fplg;gl;l nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; rYif 

mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;. 

1990 Kw;gFjpapy; cyf tq;fpapd; MjuTld; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l [drtpa ek;gpf;if 

epjpak; fpuhkpa epjp mZFKiwapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT khw;wj;jpidf; nfhz;L 

te;eJ. ,e;j mZFKiwapd; fPo;> Kjy; jlitahf> [.e.ep tq;fp nraw;ghlw;w Ez;epjp 

epWtdq;fSld; gq;Flikapid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. mjpfstpyhd m.rh.ep tzpf 

uPjpahd Ez;epjp tpahghuj;jpid Nkw;nfhz;L kw;Wk; me;j epWtdq;fspd; Mw;wiy 

fl;baikf;Fk; Vida cjtpis toq;Fk; [.e.epjpaj;Jld; ,ize;J nfhz;ldu;. 

,t;thwhd rhjfkhd #oypy; Njrpa kllj;jpy; tsu;r;rpaile;j tu;j;jf E.ep. 

epWtdq;fspy; ru;Nthja rPl;]; xd;whFk;. gpd;du;> [.e.ep Njrpa tsu;r;rp ek;gpf;if 

epjpakhfkhwp nkhj;j Ez;epjpj; Jiwapd; Kf;fpa Mjhukhf tpsq;fpaJ. 



jw;nghOJ> ,J =yq;fh Nrkpg;G tq;fpapd; fPo; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. 1991y; gutyhf 

mwpag;gl;l rpwpa tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; fhzpaw;wtu;fspd; fld; jpl;lkhd ,RW jpl;lk; 

mwpKfk; kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd iky;fy; MFk;. ,RW jpl;lk;> khdpa 

mbg;gilapyhd fpuhkpa fld; jpl;lj;jpypUe;J gpsTgl;L kw;Wk; mbkl;lj;jpy; m.rh.ep 

eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; xU tu;j;jf upjpahd Ez;epjp jpl;lkhFk;. ,jd; kw;WnkhU 

Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;dntdpy;> ,jd; %ykhf E.ep.ep kdpj tsj;jpidAk; kw;Wk; 

Vida NjitfsAk; Nkk;gLj;jp mitfs; epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba tifapYk; kw;Wk; 

tu;j;jf uPjpapy; rhj;jpakhd epWtdkhf tsu cjtp nra;fpd;wJ. 

fpuhkpa fld; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;j murhq;fKk; xU epWtdk; rhu;e;j 

mikg;gpid cUthf;f Kaw;rpfs; vLj;jJ. 1964k; Mz;L $l;LwT fpuhkpa tq;fpfs; 

cUthf;fg;gl;L Nrkpg;Gfs;> fld;fs; kw;Wk; eiffs; 

Jiwrhu;e;j tifapy; fpuhkpa kl;l fld;fis toq;Ftjw;F tptrha tq;fpfs;> 

flw;nwhopy; tq;fpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. fpuhkpa fld; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;j 

cjTtjw;F kj;jpa tq;fp gpuhe;jpa mYtyq;fis jpwe;jJ. fpuhkpa tq;fpapay; kw;Wk; 

Copau; gapw;rp fy;Y}up fpuhkpa fld; gw;wp gapw;rpaspg;gjw;fhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. 

kj;jpa tq;fp>; fpuhkpa fld; rk;ge;jkhd nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; jpl;lq;fis Nkk;gLj;jTk; 

kw;Wk; fpuhkpa fld; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;j xUq;fpidf;fTk; jdpahdnjhU 

gpuptpid (fpuhkpa fld; gpupT) cUthf;fpaJ. 

1990 fhyg;gFjpapypUe;J> ru;tNjr nfhilahspfsplkpUe;J epjpfs; khdpa mbg;gilapy; 

mjpfstpy; tuj; njhlq;f> tu;j;jf uPjp rhu;e;j m.rh.epWtd E.ep.epWtdq;fs; mjpfstpy; 

tsu;r;rpailaj; njhlq;fpd. ,t;thwhd E.ep.epWtdq;fs;> twpa kf;fSf;F Nrit 

nra;a Ez;epjpapd; ru;tNjr rpwe;j eilKiwfspd; gbg;gpidfisf; ftdj;jpy; 

nfhz;ld. ,t;thwhd E.ep.ep tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpa cs;Su; nfhilahspfspy; Njrpa 

mgptpUj;jp ek;gpf;if epjpak;> ,RW jpl;lk; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr nfhilahspfspd; cs;Su; 

mYtyfq;fshd ];Nuhk;kp gTz;Nlrd; (Stromme Foundation) kw;Wk; vupNkh]; 

,j;jhypAk; (Etimos- Italy) mlq;Fk;. rfy tifahd E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;Fk; epjp 

toq;Fk; tifapy; gy ru;tNjr nfhilahspfSk;> m.rh.ep kw;Wk; rdr mgptpUj;jp 

tq;fp cl;gl Ez;epjpr; re;ijapy; Eioe;J nfhz;ld. mz;ikapy;> gy epjp kw;Wk; 

Fj;jiff;F tpLk; epWtdq;fSk; jq;fSila ,yl;rpaj;jpid tpupthf;Fk; jpl;lj;Jld; 

Ez;epjpr; re;ijapy; Eioe;J nfhz;ld. 



Jiwapd; jw;Nghija epWtd fl;likg;G 

tpj;jpahrkhd rl;l epiyAld; nray;gLk; gyjug;gl;l tifahd E.ep.ep 

,yq;ifapy; Ez;epjpj;Jiw> tpj;jpahrkhd Ez;epjp KiwikfSld; nraw;gLj;Jk; 

gytpjkhd epWtdq;fspdhy; Nritahw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fs; 

tpj;jpahrkhd rl;lq;fspdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. NkYk;> ,t;thwhd 

E.ep.epWtdq;fs; gy; tifg;gl;l tsu;r;rp epiyapy; ,Ug;gNjhL ,it nraw;gLk; 

gFjpfs; rpwpa gpuNjrk; Kjy; ehL jOtpa hPjpapy; ngupastpyhd fpisfisf; nfhz;l 

tiyaikg;ghf tpj;jpahrg;gLfpd;wJ. 

fpuhkpa $l;LwT tq;fpfs; 

,t;thwhd tq;fpfs; gpujhdkhf fpuhkg; gFjpfspy; Nrkpg;gpidAk; fld; trjpfisAk; 

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;wd. ,it Nrkpg;gpid jpul;Ltjpy; kpfTk; 

jpwikahdit. ,itfspd; fld;njhiffs; eif 2019 $.fp.tq;fp fpisfspy; 8.9 kpy;ypad; 

itg;G fzf;FfSk; &gh.62>637 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd itg;GfSk; ,Ug;gjhf 

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1.89 kpy;ypad; fld; fzf;FfSk; &gh.38>278 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd 

fld; epYitfSk; ,Ug;gjhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;gpufhuk;> itg;GfSf;Fk; 

fld;fSf;Fkhd ruhrup ngWkjp KiwNa &gh.7>036 kw;Wk; &gh.20>281 MFk;. 

rpf;fd kw;Wk; fld; $l;LwT rq;fq;fs; 

fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; r%fk; rhu;e;j epjp epWtdq;fs; nray;gLfpd;wd. mitfs; gpuhe;jpa 

kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpYs;s rk;Nksdq;fSld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it fld;fis 

mq;fj;jtu;fSf;F kl;Lk; toq;Fk;. Mdhy; itg;Gfis mq;fj;jtu;fshf 

,y;yhjtu;fsplkpUe;Jk; ngWthu;fs;. 2010 tiuahd fhyg;gFjp tiu 8440 rq;fq;fs; 

,Uf;fpd;wjhapDk;> mitfspy; nraw;gLk; rq;fq;fs; kpff; FiwthfNtAs;sd. 

NkYk;> tptrha $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> flw;nwhopyhsu; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;;fs; Nghd;w 

Vida $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fSk; jq;fSila mq;fj;jtu;fSf;F fld; toq;Ffpd;wd. 

,t;thwhd $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; epjpr; Nritfs; $l;LwTr; rl;lj;jpw;F 

cl;gl;ld. 

rKu;j;jp tq;fpfs; 

ehlshtpa uPjpapy; nray;gLk; rKu;j;jp tq;fp rq;fq;fs; rKu;j;jp tq;fp rl;lk; 1995d; fPo; 

nray;gLfpd;wd. mit> [drtpa jpl;lj;jpid khw;wp 1995k; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l 

rKu;j;jp tsu;r;rp jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epjpr; Nritfis toq;Ffpd;wd. rKu;j;jp mjpfhu 

tiyj;jsj;jpd;gb> 2011k; Mz;L ,Wjptiu 1042 tq;fpfspy; 2.5 kpy;ypad; 

mq;fj;jtu;fSf;F Nkyhf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. ,tu;fSila nkhj;j Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; fld;fs; 

KiwNa &gh.41 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 11 gpy;ypad; MFk;. 



chpik ngw;w tpNrl tq;fpfs; 

,e;j tq;fpfSf;F epjpr; Nritfs; toq;Ftjw;F kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; cupkq;fs; 

toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thW Ez;epjpr; Nritfispy; 2010y; xU 

Njrpa kl;l tq;fpahf ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rdr mgptpUj;jp tq;fp mjpfstpyhd 

Kf;fpakhd rpf;fd $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fSf;Fr; Nrit toq;FtNjhL 

thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F gytpjkhd epjpr; Nritfis NeubahfTk; K.r.p$.rq;fq;fs; 

ClhfTk; toq;Fkstpy; tsu;e;Js;sJ. 

tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;> epjp epWtdq;fs;> kw;Wk; Fj;jif epWtdq;fs; 

rpy Ez;epjpr; Nritfis toq;Fk; tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epjp 

epWtdq;fs;; kw;Wk; Fj;jif epWtdq;fs; ,e;j tifapy; mlq;Fk;. ,e;j epWtdq;fs; 

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; toq;fg;gLk; cupkq;fspd; fPo; nraw;gLfpd;wd. muRlikahd 

tq;fpfspy; kf;fs; tq;fp> ,yq;if tq;fp vd;gd Ez;epjpr; Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; 

Kf;fpakhditahFk;. ,itfs; gpujhdkhf gapu;nra;iff; fld; jpl;lq;fisAk; kw;Wk; 

mur MjuT nfhz;l jpl;lq;fisAk; fpuhkpa gFjpfspYs;s fpisfs; %yk; 

nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. jdpahh; tu;j;jf tq;fpg; gFjpapy;> `l;ld; e\dy; tq;fp Ez;epjpr; 

Nritapy; Kf;fpa nghWg;gpid tfpf;fpd;wJ. mz;ik fhykhf> NtW rpy tu;j;jf 

tq;fpfSk; Ez;epjpr; Nritfspy; ftdk; nrYj;jj; njhlq;fpAs;sd. epjp 

epWtdq;fSf;Fs; Ez; epjpr; Nritfspd; tl;bfspd; Vw;wk; kpfTk; rkPgj;jpa xU 

tsu;r;rpahFk;. ,Ue;jhYk;> J}ujp\;ltrkhf ,itfSila nraw;ghLfs; rk;ge;jkhf 

vJtpjkhdnjhU gj;jpu uPjpahd juTfSk; jw;NghJ ,y;iy. 

m.rh.ep – E.ep.ep 

Ez;epjp tpahghuj;jpy; nghJ epWtdq;fs;> kw;Wk; jdpahh; epWtdq;fs; Nghd;witAk; ,e;j 

tifapy; mlq;Fk;. 1980d; gpw;gFjpapy;> ,t;thwhd rpy Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; 

Njhd;wpdjhapDk; mNefkhdit r%f kw;Wk; rKjha Nkk;ghl;L gzpfSld; ,ize;j 

Ez;epjpapidf; nfhz;litahf fhzg;gl;ld. 1990d; gpw;gFjpapy;> Ez;epjp 

nraw;ghLfs; rKjha Nkk;ghl;bypUe;J tpyfp kw;Wk; E.ep.epWtdq;fs; Ez;epjpAld; 

kl;Lk; NtW rpy cj;juthjj;Jld; ,aq;Fk; epWtdq;fshfTk; cs;sd. 

NkYk;> rpy E.ep.epWtdq;fs; r%f Nritfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; rl;lq;fspd; fPOk; 

,aq;Ffpd;wd. 

ngUk;ghYk; m.rh.ep kw;Wk; tq;fpay;yh E.ep.epWtdq;fSk; xNu tifahdit vd;fpd;w 

fUj;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ> Vnddpy;> mitfs; rKjha tsu;r;rp rk;ge;jkhd rpy 

$Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,Ue;jhYk;> ,e;j ,uz;Lf;Fkpilapy; njspthd tpj;jpahrk; 

xd;W cs;sJ. m.rh.epWtdq;fs; E.ep.epWtdq;fshf ,Uf;fj; Njitapy;iy. E.ep.ep 

twpa kf;fSf;F epjpr; Nritfis toq;ffpd;wd mNj Neuj;jpy; m.rh.ep NtW top 

%yk; rKjha tsu;r;rpapy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. E.ep.ep ,uz;L Kf;fpa mk;rq;fspy; 

ftdQ;nrYj;Jfpd;wd. 

1.Presentation by Director of supervision of Non-Bank Financial Institutions on ‘Responsible Finance’ at the 

LMFPA seminar on 23.08.2012 

2. Microfinance Review Sri Lanka 2011; p 22 



mitahtd Nrit ngWNthiu nrd;wiltJ kw;Wk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikahFk;. 

mtu;fSila Nehf;fk; mjpf ,yhkPl;Ltjhf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> jq;fSila epjp kw;Wk; 

nraw;jpwd; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; tifapy; NghjpasT ,yhgj;jpid mNefkhf jq;fSila nraw;ghLfSf;F nfhilahspfspy; 

jq;fpapUg;gu;. E.ep.ep jq;fSila epjpapid re;ijapy; Nrkpg;G %ykhf 

thbf;ifahsu;fsplkpUe;Jk; kw;Wk; re;ijapy; NtW topfspy; fldhfTk; ngWtu;. 

yq;fh Ez;epjp njhopy;KidNthu; rq;fk; (LMFPA) 

y.E.njh.r vd;gJ E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; xU tiyaikg;G rq;fkhFk;. 1990d; eLg;gFjp 

Kjy;> ehlhshtpa uPjpapy; E.ep.ep Jiwapy; fzprkhdnjhU tsu;r;rp fhzg;gl;lJ. 

mitfs; jdpg;gl;litfshf (rpjwpa epiyapy;) nraw;gl;ld Vnddpy; mitfis xNu 

Filapd; fPo; xUq;fpizg;gjw;F xU epWtdk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Vida ehLfspy; 

,Ug;gJ Nghd;W Ez;epjpj; Jiwapy; xU tiyaikg;gpid cUthf;Fk; 

NjitNaw;gl;lJ. ,e;j Njit 2006k; Mz;L> y.E.njh.rq;fj;jpidj; cUthf;Ftjd;; 

%yk; milag;gl;lJ. ,e;j Jiwapisf; ghjpf;Fk; tplaq;fspy;; MNyhrid kw;Wk; 

MjuT jpul;Ljy;> Ez;epjp epiyj;J epw;Fk; tifapyhd xU rhjfkhd #o;epiyapid 

cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mq;fj;Jt E.ep.ep epWtdq;fspd; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vd;gd 

,e;j tiyaikg;gpd; Kf;fpa nraw;ghLfshFk;. y.E.njh.r ehl;bYs;s 

E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;fhd xNunahU tiyaikg;ghFk;. ,J cj;juthjj;jpdhy; 

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l 2007 fk;gdp rl;lk; ek;gu; 7 – 2007k; Mz;L gjpag;gl;lnjhU 

epWtdkhFk; ,g;nghOJ> ,jDila mq;fj;Jtj;jpy; 74 E.ep.ep mlq;fpAs;sd. 

y.E.njh.rq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; fPo;tUkhW: 

twpa kf;fis tWikapypUe;J xopg;gjw;fhf =yq;fhtpy; rfy ghfq;fspYk; 

epjpr; Nritfs; toq;Fk; Ez;epjp mikg;GfSf;fpilapy; mq;fj;Jtj;jpid 

Cf;Ftpj;jy; 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida gq;Fjhuu;fspd; $l;L Kaw;rpA+lhf> 

Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;fhd tsu;r;rpf;Fk;> Nkk;ghl;bw;Fkhd nfhs;iff;Fupa 

rhjfkhd #o;epiyapid gupe;Jiug;gJ 

ru;tNjrj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$lanjhU nraw;jpwd; epakq;fis Ez;epjp 

epWtdq;fs; Vw;W epWTk; tifapy; Cf;Ftpj;jy; 

jfty; Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwikfs;> kpd;dZ kw;Wk; Clfk; %yk; gFg;gha;T 

kw;Wk; guk;giy tsu;j;J tYg;gLj;jy; 

rk;gpujha epjpr; re;ijfis Ez;epjp Nritfshf tpupTgLj;j Cf;Ftpj;jy; 

fw;wy; gapw;rp gl;liwfs;> fUj;jpay; tpthjq;fs;>kw;Wk; Vida 

epWtdq;fSldhd ,izg;G Clhf Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; nghUshjhu 

nraypy; twpa kf;fSf;F jFe;j kw;Wk; epiyj;J epw;ff;$bajhd Ez;epjpr; 

Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhd jpwid ghJfhj;J tYg;gLj;jy; 

Ez;epjpj; Jiwapy; epakq;fis mikj;J epGzj;Jtj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; 

tifapy; E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;F RahjPd nraw;jpwd; fz;fhzpg;G mikg;gpid 

tsu;j;jy; 

Ez;epjpj; Jiwapd; tsu;r;rpapid Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; murhq;fk;> 

nfhilahsp Kftu;fs;> KjyPl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; tu;j;jf fld; toq;Fgtu;fs; 

MfpNahu;fSld; tiyaikg;gpid cUthf;fp tsq;fis jpul;Ljy;. 

LMFPA cs;SupYk; mNjNghd;W ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpYk; Njitahd 

xUq;fpizg;gpid toq;Ffpd;wJ. Ez;epjpj; Jiwapid tsu;f;Fk; xU cr;r 

epiyahd mikg;Gk; ,JthFk;. 



,yq;ifapy; E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; nray;jpwd; 

ehl;bYs;s Ez;epjp epWtdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 

2006y; xU Ez;epjp epGzu;fs; FOtpduhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpd;gb> =yq;fhtpy; 

14>000 Nkw;gl;l Ez;epjp toq;Fdu;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

,itfSs; rdr tiyaikg;gpd; 8>424 rq;fq;fSk; mlq;Fk;. ,Ue;jhYk; ,itfspy; 

50% f;F Nkw;gl;l rq;fq;fs; ,aq;fhj epiyapy; ,Ug;gjhf ek;gg;gLfpd;wJ. 

cz;ikapy;> vdNt> ,aq;ff;$ba epiyapYs;s Ez;epjp toq;Fdu;fspd; vz;zpf;if 

14>000 f;F FiwthdNj. ehlshtpa uPjpapy; 2006/2007 [p.up.,rl;- Gwkp\; ,dhy; 

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpd;gb ehL KOtJk; Fiwe;jsT 10>000 nray;gLk; 

epiyaq;fs; nraw;gLk; xU tiyaikg;G ,Ug;gjhf ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. kj;jpa 

tq;fpapd;gb nkhj;j E.ep.ep epiyaq;fs; 16>500 f;F Nkw;gl;litahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ 3 . 

twpa kf;fisr; nrd;wiljy 

tq;fpapypUe;J epjpr; Nritfisg; mZFtjw;F trjpapy;yhf my;yJ Fiwe;jsT 

trjpAs;s twpa kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; mjpfsT kf;fis nrd;wiltNj 

Ez;epjpj; Jiwapd; Kf;fpakhd Nehf;fkhFk;. ,yq;ifapy; m.rh.ep- E.ep.epWtdq;fs; 

kw;Wk; rdr mgptpUj;jp tq;fp %yk; 1.4 kpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l kf;fSf;F Nrit 

toq;fg;gLtjhf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j njhif Kjd;ikahd rpf;fd kw;Wk; fld; 

$l;LwTr; rq;fq;fisr; Nru;e;j thbf;ifahsu;fis cl;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. 

E.ep.ep Jiwthupahd juTfspd;gb> mNefkhd Ez;epjp thbf;ifahsu;fs; 

fpuhkg;Guj;jpidr; Nrhu;e;jtu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. [p.up.,rl;- Gwkp\; (GTZ – ProMiS) 

– (N[u;kd; murhq;fj;jpdhy; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; epjp mikr;Rld; ,ize;J 

eilKiwg;gLj;jpa Ez; epjp tsu;r;rp jpl;lk;) epWtdj;jpd; xU Ma;tpd;gb> 90% 

Ez;epjp thbf;ifahsu;fs; fpuhkg; Guj;jpidr; ruu;e;jtu;fs;. ,Ue;jhYk;> Njhl;lg; 

gFjpfspy; Ez;epjp toq;Fdu;fs; kpf mupjhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;> mq;Nf 1% f;F 

Fiwthd Ez;epjp epWtdq;fNs ,aq;Ffpd;wdu; 4 . ,Nj mwpf;if> mNefkhf E.ep.ep 

twpakf;fSf;Nf fld;fis toq;Ffpd;wjhapDk; Mdhy; mjpfsthd kpfTk; twpa 

kf;fisr; nrd;wilatpy;iynad ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf> jdpahu; Jiw E.ep.ep 

jq;fSila fld;fspy; miuthrpf;F Nkyhf khjhe;jk; &gh.3>000f;F Fiwthf 

ciof;Fk; twpa kf;fSf;Nf toq;Ffpd;wdu;. 82% fld;fs; khjhe;jk; &gh.5>000f;F 

Fiwthf ciof;Fk; kf;fSf;Nf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 

Ez;epjp thbf;ifahsu;fspd; tUkhd tpguq;fs; 

E.ep.ep 

khjhe;j tUkhdk; 

Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. 

gp.m.t 

r.t.r 

rdr/ K.rp.f.$.r 

Vida E.ep.ep 

(Ez;epjpj; Jiw mwpf;if 2010 – gf;fk; 17y; cs;s 6tJ ml;ltizapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ) 

Vida tUkhd gphpTfs; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. 

gp.m.t – gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpfs;> r.t.r – rKu;j;jp tq;fp rq;fq;fs;> K.r.f.$.r – Kjd;ik rpf;fd fld; $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;) 

3. Presentation by Director of supervision of N0n-Bank Financial Institutions on 

‘Responsible Finance’ at the LMFPA seminar on 23.08.2012 

4. GTZ; BWTP- Microfinance Industry Report Updated edition 2010; p17 



Gtpapay; uPjpahd nrd;wilAk; Nghf;fpidg; ghu;f;Fk; nghOJ> J.ep.epWtdq;fs; ehL 

KOtJk; gue;J fhzg;gLfpd;wNjhL> njd; khfhzj;jpy; nfhQ;rk; nrwpthfTk;> tl 

khfhzj;jpy;> Fiwe;Js;sjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 2009y; KbTw;w Nghupd; gpd;G> 

E.ep.epWtdq;fSk; tq;fpfSk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,e;jg; gFjpfspy; 

tpupthf;fj; njhlq;fpAs;sd. 

khfhz uPjpahf E.ep.ep vz;zpf;fifAk; mit gue;jpUf;Fk; tpfpjhrhuKk; 

Nky; khfhzk;: 12.2% Cth khfhzk; 10.8% 

kj;jpa khfhzk; 10.1% rg;ufKt khfhzk;: 11.2% 

njd; khfhzk; 24.0% tl khfhzk 5.2% 

tl Nky; khfhzk; 10.2% fpof;F khfhzk; 12.3% 

tl kj;jpa khfhzk; 3.9% 

epjprhu;gw;w Nrit toq;fy; 

y.E.njh.rq;fj;jpDila Ez;epjp kPsha;T - =yq;fh 2011 (gf;fk; 42)apd;gb mNefkhd 

tq;fp my;yh E.ep.ep> njhopy; tsu;r;rp> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> kw;Wk; ngz;fis tYg;gLj;Jk; 

Nritfisj; jq;fSila thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F toq;Ffpd;wd. 

fy;tp toq;fy; Nritfs; 

gyjug;gl;l fy;tpr; Nritfs; 

Source: LMFPA Data Collection 2011 

ngz;fis tYg;gLj;Jk; 

toq;fy; Nritfs; 


ngz;fis tYg;gLj;Jk; tiffs; 

Source: LMFPA Data Collection 2011 Source: LMFPA Data Collection 2011 



Rfhjhuk; rk;ge;jkhd tPl;Lr; nryTfisf; Fiwf;Fk;; FLk;g njhopypy; cw;gj;jp 

mjpfupg;G kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jpd; tho;f;ifj; juj;jpYk; tsu;r;rpailAk; cjTk;. NkYk; 

flDld; ,ize;j Nritfs; flidj; J\;gpuNahfk; nra;tjpidf; Fiwf;Fk; kw;Wk; 

fld; ngWk; jpwid mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ngz;fis nghUshjhu uPjpapYk; r%f uPjpapapYk; 

tYg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ> ,t;thwhd epjpr; rhu;gw;w Nritfs; kpfTk; ngWkjpahf ,Uf;Fk;. 

Vnddpy; ngz;fs; nghJthf nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f uPjpapy; gpd; jq;fpa 

epiyapNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

thbf;ifahsu;fspd; vz;zpf;if 

E.ep.epWtdq;fspdhy; Nrit toq;fg;gLk; thbf;ifahsu;fspd; vz;zpf;if rk;ge;jkhd 

tpupthd jfty;fs; vJTkpy;iy. fpilf;fg;gl;Ls;s jfty;fSk; mtw;wpd; juk; 

rk;ge;jhd gpur;rpidapy; cs;sJ. mj;NjhL ,tw;wpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l fzf;Ffis 

nfhz;l thbf;ifahsh;fs; kw;Wk; xd;wpd; Nky; ,d;ndhU fzf;F Nghd;w jfty; 

gpuy;TfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. y.E.njh.rq;fj;jpd; kPsha;tpd;gb> 49 Kf;fpa 

E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; thbf;fifahsu;fs; Vwj;jhs 1.4 kpy;ypad; MFk;5 . ,itfspy;> 

rdr rk;Nksdk;> $l;LwT fpuhkpa tq;fpfs;> rKu;j;jp> fkpjphpa (Gamidiriya) kw;Wk; 

tptrha rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; flw;njhopy; tq;fpfs Nghd;w Vida r%f mbg;gilapyhd 

Ez;epjp toq;Fgtu;fs; mlq;ftpy;iy 6 . ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fspd; Nrit tPr;rpidf; 

fzf;fpnyLf;Fk; nghOJ> Ez;epjpj; Jiw ehl;bYs;s ngUk;gFjpahd twpa kf;fSf;F 

Nrit nra;fpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. 

toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;j fld; njhif 

y.E.njh.r “Ez;epjp kPsha;tpd;gb”> midj;J E.ep.ep fld; toq;fpa njhifapd; 

njhFg;G> rdr rk;Nksdk; kw;Wk; $l;LwT rq;fq;fisAk; jtpu;j;J 2010k; Mz;L 

&gh.60 gpy;ypad; Mf ,Ue;jhYk; ,itfspy;> gp.m.t> kw;Wk; rdr mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 

mjpfg;gbahd fld; njhifahf Vwj;jhs &gh.51 gpy;ypad; njhif vdg; 

gjpthfpAs;sJ 7 . Vidaitfspy;> mjpfg;gbahdjhf fld; njhif ru;Nthja rPl;]; 

&gh.3 kpy;ypad; vdg; gjpthfpAs;sJ. ,e;j juTfs; ehl;bYs;s mNefkhd 

E.ep.epWtdq;fs; rpwpastpy; Nritnra;tjhfNt njuptpf;fpd;wd. 

5 Lanka Microfinance Practitioners’ Association: Performance and Analysis Report 2011 p.22 

6 If all numbers were added without assuming a percentage for active borrowers the number 

of clients of all institutions could be as high as 13 million. Ibid. 




,yf;fplg;gLk; FOf;fs; 

tq;fp rhu;gw;w / epjp epWtdq;fspd; ,yf;fplg;gLk; FOf;fs; mNefkhf jdpj;jdpahd 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fshy; tiuaWf;fg;gLk; khjhe;j tUkhdj;jpw;F Fiwe;j twpa 

kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gj;jtu;fshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. kw;WnkhU fhuzk; 

vd;dntdpy;> ,t;thwhd E.ep.ep mNefkhf fpuhkg; Gwq;fspYs;s twpa ngz;fisAk; 

kw;Wk; Vida nghUshjhu uPjpapy; eype;j Fof;fisANk ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. 

xl;L nkhj;jkhf> Vwj;jhs 72% 8 E.ep.ep thbf;ifahsu;fs; fpuhkg; Gwj;jpidr; 

rhu;e;jth;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; rpy E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; 100% thbf;ifahsu;fs; fpuhkg; 

Gwj;ijr; rhu;e;j twpa kf;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

xU epWtdj;jpd; thbf;ifahsu;fspd; tWik 

epiy kl;lk; 

,yf;fplg;gLk; thbf;ifahsu;fs; 



ngz;fs; gq;Fgw;wy 

cyfshtpa uPjpapy;> E.ep;ep mNefkhf kpfTk; gpd; jq;fpa epiyapYs;s twpa 

epiyapYs;s ngz;fisNa fld; ngWgtu;fshf ,yf;fpLfpd;wdu;. ,jpy; ,yq;if 

tpjptpyf;fy;y. ,yq;ifapy;> fld; ngWgtu;fs; nkhj;j njhifapy; 60% ngz;fs; 

fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. ,Ue;jhYk;> 23 epWtdq;fspy; 90% Nkw;gl;ltufs; ngz;fshfTk; 

mNj Neuj;jpy; rpy E.ep.ep 100% fld;ngWgtu;fs; ngz;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

Neubahd Ntiytha;g;gpid cUthf;Fjy; 

,isQu;fSf;F Neubahd jpwd; nfhz;l Ntiytha;g;gpid cUthf;Ftjpy; E.ep.ep 

Kf;fpakhd gq;fpid tFpf;fpd;wJ vd;gjid mNefkhd kf;fs; fz;L nfhs;shky; 

,Uf;fpd;wdu;. mNefkhd E.ep.ep Copau;fs; ngz;fs;. y.E.njh.rq;fj;jpw;F 49 

E.ep.epWtdq;fs; 12>919 Copau;fs; gytpjkhd epiyfspy; 2010 ,Wjpastpy; 

cs;sdu; vd mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sd. ,jpy; ngz; Copau;fspd; tpfpjhrhuk; 59%. NkYk;> 

fp.$.t> rdr>kw;Wk; K.rp.r.$.r mjpfstpyhd Copau;fs; Ntiy nra;fpd;wdu;. KO Neu 

Copah;fis tpl> njhz;L Copau;fshf rdr> K.rp.r.$.r kw;Wk; rq;fq;fs; 

Mfpatw;wpy; Ntiy nra;gtu;fs; fpl;lj;jl;l 66,300 cs;sdu; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 

fkpjpwpa (Gamidiriya) kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fspy; Ntiy nra;gtu;fisAk; Nru;j;Jf; 

nfhz;lhy; ,t; vz;zpf;if 100>000ij jhz;Lk;. 




Ez;epjp epWtdq;fspd; tsu;r;rp ,yf;F 

,yf;fplg;gl;l thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F epjp rhu;e;j kw;Wk; epjp rhu;gw;w Nritfis 

toq;Fjy; %ykhf> E.ep.ep gue;jstpyhd tsu;r;rp gpur;ridfis eptu;j;jp nra;fpd;wJ. 

E.ep.ep mtu;fSila ,yf;fpd;gb> Kf;fpakhd nghJ ,yf;Ffis 

Kd;epiyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. fPNoAs;s tpsf;fg; glk; mNefkhd epWtdq;fspd; mgptpUj;jp 

rhu;e;j ,yf;Ffspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 

tsu;r;rpapd; ,yf;Ffs; 

mNefkhd E.ep.ep tWik xopg;gpid mjpfstpy; Kd; epiyg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;. Ez;epjp 

epWtdq;fSf;F epjp toq;FtJ tWik xopg;gpw;fhdnjhU fhuzpahf cs;sJ. 

tq;fpfs; epjpr; Nritfis tpj;jpahrkhd Nrkpg;G tiffs;> Fj;jif> 

gzg; gupkhw;wk;; Mfpait Nghd;w gy jug;gl;l Nritfis mjpfstpy; toq;Ftjpy; 

ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. mNj Ntisapy;> m.rh.ep-E.ep.epWtdq;fs; gy jug;gl;l 

fzprkhdsT epjpr; Nritaw;w Nritfis Ez; epjp trjpfSf;F Nkyhf 

toq;Ftjw;F ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. 



,yq;ifapy;; Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs 

Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;nfd Fwpg;gpl;l tpjpKiwfs; ,y;yhtpbDk;> E.ep.ep Kw;W KOjhf 

fl;Lg;ghbd;wp njhopw;gLtjpy;iy. rpy E.ep.ep> Kf;fpakhf murhq;fj;jpd; 

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;litahjyhy;> rpy tifahd tpjpKiwfSf;Fl;gl;lit. 

cjhuzkhf> tu;j;jf tq;fpfs;;> cupkk; ngw;w tpNrl tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjp kw;Wk; 

Fj;jif epWtdq;fspd; Ez;epjp nraw;ghLfs; kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. rKu;j;jp tq;fpapd; nraw;ghLfs; =yq;fh rKu;j;jp mjpfhu 

rigapdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> fp.$.tq;fpfs; $l;LwTj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; 

fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; msT> eilKiwfs;> 

epakq;fs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it vd;gd ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fspd; rl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g 

fzprkhdstpy; khWgLk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> ,Jtiu m.rh.ep – E.ep.ep nraw;ghLfisf; 

fl;Lg;gLj;j fk;gdpr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l fk;gdpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; 

fk;gdpr; rl;lk; Nghd;w nghJthd xd;iwj; jtpu NtW xU Kiwik ,y;iy. 

murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;if 

Gjpa epWtdq;fis cUthf;fp kw;Wk; mur Mjuthd jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jp 

Ez;epjpr; Nritfis tsu;g;gjw;F murhq;fk; Mjuthf ,Ue;jhYk;> Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;F 

xU Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Njrpa nfhs;if ,y;iy. fpuhkpa tsu;r;rpapidAk; tWik 

xopg;gpidAk; Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fkhd nfhs;ifAld; Ez;epjpr; nraw;ghLfis 

xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd ve;jnthU topKiwAk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. k`pe;j rpe;jid jpl;lk;9 

xU Njrpa nfhs;ifapdJk; %Nyhghaj;jpdJk; Njitapid mq;fpfupf;fpd;wJ. k`pe;j 

rpe;jidapd; Muk;g fhy gj;jpuq;fs; “xU jdpj;Jtkhd nfhs;if kw;Wk; fl;likg;G 

,y;yhjgbahy; Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; tpUj;jpapy; mbg;gilapy; epiyj;J 

epw;fKbatpy;iy> MfNt ,J MSif tYtpof;fr; nra;fpd;wJ> epWtdq;fspd; 

Rahl;rpapid Fiwf;fpd;wJ> Ez;epjp epWtdq;fis khw;wpaikg;gjw;Fupa epjp 

kjpEl;gj;jpid kw;Wk; m.rh.epitg;g epWtdq;fshf khw;w my;yJ mtu;fSila 

Nrkpg;G nraw;ghLfis mq;fPfupj;J mKyhf;f gw;hwf;Fiwapid mjpfupf;fpd;wJ” 10 . 

k`pe;j rpe;jid xU nfhs;ifapid mq;fpfupf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy; NkYk; “=yq;fh 

mLj;j jrhg;jj;jpy; xU nrOikahd kw;Wk; tYthd Ez;epjpj;Jiwapidf; 

nfhz;bUf;Fk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. epiyj;J epw;ff;$ba kw;Wk; tWikapid 

Nehf;fkhd fld;fis Ez; kw;wk; rpwpa njhopy; Kaw;rpfshf khw;Wjy; kw;Wk; mNj 

Nghd;W twpa kf;fspd; FLk;gj;jpdupd; gy tifg;gl;l NjitfisAk; mlq;fpa epjpr; 

Nritfspd; Vw;ghl;by; ,J Nrkpg;gpid jpul;Ljy;> fhg;GWjp kw;Wk; gz 

gupkhw;wj;jpw;Fupa Nritfis jpwikahfTk; rpwe;j tifapYk; toq;Ftjw;F 

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;”. murhq;fj;jpd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l nfhs;iffSf;F Vw;g> mikr;ruit 

Vw;fdNt Ez;epjp tsu;r;rpf;fhd rl;ljpl;lq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;j 

mq;fPfhukspj;Jtpl;ldu;. 

9 Mahinda Chinthana: Vision for a New Sri Lanka 

10 Mahinda Chinthana: Vision for a New Sri Lanka 



,yq;ifapy; Ez;jpjpj; Jiwf;fhd gpur;ridfs; 

xd;Wf;nfhd;W ,ize;jjhd gy gpur;ridfs; Ez;epjpj; Jiwapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 

,t;thwhd gpur;ridfs;> E.ep.ep fld;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjk;> Nrkpg;Gf;fis vLj;jy; 

kw;wk; E.ep.ep epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ik> Ez;epjpf;fhd nfhs;if kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghl;L 

mikg;G Nghd;witahFk;. 

E.ep.ep toq;fg;gLk; fld;fspd; tl;b tPjk; 

E.ep.ep vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rfy gpur;iidfSf;Fs;Sk;> E.ep.ep mwtpLk; mtu;fSila 

fld;fs;; kPjhd tl;b tPjk;jhd; mNefkhf mjpfkhff; fijf;fg;gLk; Kf;fpa 

gpur;ridahFk;. Ez;epjpj; Jiwapd; nraw;ghLfspy; gof;fkpy;yhj mNefkhd kf;fs;> 

E.ep.ep mtu;fSila fld;fs; kPJ mjpfsthd tl;b tPjj;jpid mwtpLtjhfTk; 

MfNt mjpf tl;bf;F fld; toq;Fk; fe;J tl;bf;fhuh;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrk; vJTk; 

,y;iynad epidf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,J ajhh;j;jj;Jf;F khw;wkhdJ. Kjyhtjhf> 

Kiwrhuh re;ijapYs;s tu;j;jf uPjpahd fld; toq;Fgtu;fs; mwtpLk; tl;b 

tPjj;jpid tpl> E.ep.ep mwtpLk; tl;b tPjq;fs; kpfTk; Fiwthdit. ,uz;lhtjhf> 

E.ep.ep nghJthf tq;fpfshYk; kw;Wk; Vida mjpfkhd ghuk;gupa epjp 

epWtdq;fshYk; ftdpf;fg;glhj> nrytPdq;fs; $ba re;ij gFjpf;F Nrit 

nra;fpd;wdu;. 

tl;b tUkhdk; nghJthf E.ep.eWtdq;fSf;F Kf;fpa tUkhdk; jUk; xU top. 

MfNt> fld;fspd; tl;b tPjj;jpidf; fzpg;gJ Ez;epjp tpahghuj;jpy; xU kpf 

Kf;fpakhd tplakhFk;. Ez;epjp epWtdq;fspdhy; mwtplg;gLk; fld;fs; kPjhd tl;b 

tPjk; mjpfkhFk;. Vnddpy; ,t;thwhd rpwpastpyhd mjpf fld;fis toq;Ftjw;fhd 

xU myfpw;fhd nryT rpy ngupastpyhd fld;fis toq;Ftjw;fhd myFr; nrytpid 

tpl mjpfkhf ,Ug;gNj cz;ikahd tplakhFk;. nghJthf> ,t;thwhd fld; 

toq;Fk; nraw;ghl;Lr; nryT> mjpfkhd kdpj tsr; nryT kw;Wk; epu;thfr; nryTfs; 

fhuzkhf mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Ez;epjpf; fld; toq;FtJ mjpfg;gbahd kdpj 

tYTld; $ba nraw;ghL vd;gjhy; mjpfstpyhd fs epiy cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis 

mku;j;j Ntz;Lk;. thb;fifahsu;fspd; kupkhw;wr; nrytpidf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; 

mtu;fSf;F ,yFthf ,Ug;gjw;Fk;> fs epiy cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; njhlu;e;J 

fpuhkq;fSf;F tp[ak; nra;thu;fs;. E.ep.ep ,J xU mjpfkhd nraw;ghl;Lr; nrythf 

fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. E.epepWtdq;fs;> jq;fSila nrytPdq;fis Kiwahf tu;j;jf tq;fpfSf;F mjpfstpyhd kypthd epjp tsq;fis> 

nghJ kf;fsplkpUe;J Fiwe;j tl;b tPjj;jpy; jpul;LtJ mlq;fyhf 

ngwf;$bajhftpUf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; fld;fs; kPJ mwtpLk; tl;b tPjj;jpidAk; Fiwe;j 

tPjj;jpy; toq;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. E.ep.ep rl;lf; fl;Lg;ghLfs; fhuzkhf nghJ 

kf;fsplkpUe;J Nrkpg;Gf;fisj; jpul;l Kbahky; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. mg;gbapy;yhky; 

jpul;bdhy; mitfs; nghJthf mjpfkhd tl;bapidf; nfhz;ljhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. 

%d;whtJ> tu;j;jf tq;fpfspd; Fiwe;jsT tl;bfs; murhq;fj;jpd; khdpa 

mbg;gilapyhd jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gytpjkhd fld; jpl;lq;fSf;Fupa epjp kPssspg;G 

Nghd;witfspd; cjtpAld; ,ize;jjhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. NkYk;> fld; jpUg;gpr; 

nrYj;jhjtu;fs; rk;ge;jkhf murhq;fj;jpd; cj;juthjk; mtu;fSila Mgj;J 

jd;ikapidf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;F ,t;thwhd epjp kPsspg;G trjp> tl;b 

khdpak; kw;Wk; fld; cj;juthjk; Nghd;w ed;ikfs; fpilg;gjpy;iy. 



ghuk;gupakhd epjpr; NritfspypUe;J twpa kf;fs; jtpu;f;fg;gLk; #o;epiyapy;> 

ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; E.ep.epf;F khw;wPlhf miktJ> fld; 

toq;Fgtu;fshfpd;wdu;. tu;j;jf uPjpapy; gzk; fld; nfhLg;gtu;fspd; tl;b tPjk; E.ep.ep 

fldpd; tl;b tPjj;jpid tpl gy klq;F mjpfkhFk;. ,ijj; jtpu fld;fs; mNefkhf 

ek;gpf;iapd; mbg;gilapy; ,y;yhky; njspthf njupaf;$ba nghWg;Gfshd fhzp> 

jq;fk;> my;yJ tPl;Lg; ghtid cgfuzq;fs; kPJ jhd; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. tu;j;jf 

uPjpapy; fld; toq;Fgtu;fs;> nghJthf tUlhe;jk; 100% Nkyhd tl;bapid 

mwtpLfpd;wdu;. ,t;thwhd mjpfg;gbahd tl;b tPjj;jpid nrYj;j Kbahj twpa 

kf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; cw;gj;jp KjyPLfSf;F nghUshjhu mD$yj;jpidg; ngwKbahky; 

,Uf;fpd;wdu;. ,J mtu;fSf;Fs; tWik epiyapidj; njhlu;e;J itj;jpUf;f 

gq;fspf;fpd;wJ. 

xg;gPl;lstpy; mjpf tl;b tpjk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> twpa kf;fs; jq;fSila 

tho;thjhuj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Kaw;rpfs;> fy;tp> kw;Wk; kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w gytpjkhd 

Vida NjitfSf;fhf gzj;jpid fld; thq;f Ntz;b tUk;. twpa kw;Wk; Fiwe;j 

tUkhdk; ngWk; FLk;gq;fs; E.ep.ep mwtpLk; tl;b tPjj;jpidr; nrYj;jf; $ba 

epiyapy; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fsh vd;W rpy kf;fs; Nfs;tpfis vOg;Gfpd;wdu;. cyfshtpa 

uPjpapy; ngwg;gl;l mDgtj;jpd;gb> mjw;fhd tpil “Mk;”. twpa kf;fSf;F> flDf;fhd 

tl;b tPjj;jpid tpl fld; ngWtjw;fhd njhlu;r;rpahd topKiwfs; jhd; Kf;fpak;. 

tpiuthd fld; toq;fy;> Fiwe;j gupkhw;wr; nryT> nefpo;r;rpahd kPsspg;G 

ml;ltizfs;> nghUj;jkhd fld; Nritfs; Nghd;w rpwe;j Nritfisg; 

ngWtjw;fhf kf;fs; mjpfkhd tl;b tPjj;jpid nrYj;Jtjw;F jahuhf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. 

jtpu> ngupa tpahghuq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;> Ez;jpjp njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fshy; 

epjpaplg;gLk; Kaw;rpfs; nghJthf FWfpa fhyg;gFjpapy; KjyPl;bd; xt;nthU 

myfpw;Fk; mjpf ,yhgj;jpidj; jUfpd;wJ. vdNt> mtu;fSila Kyjdj;jpy; 

fpilf;Fk; tUkhdj;jpid tpl nrYj;Jk; tl;b Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; mtu;fshy; mjpf 

tl;b tPjj;jpid nrYj;j KbAk;. 

,Ue;jhYk;> E.ep.ep tl;b tPjk; mrhjhuzkhf mjpfkhtpUe;jhy;> ,t;thwhd fld;fisg; 

ngWtjw;F ,ayhj twpa kf;fSf;F fld;fisg; ngWtjw;fhd topfis kWg;gjw;F 

top Nfhyf;$Lk;. tu;j;jfk;> rpwpastpyhd rpw;Wz;br; rhiyfs;> czT jahupj;jy;> 

moF epiyaq;fs;> tu;j;jf uPjpapy; gapu;fis tsu;j;jy;> rpwpastpyhd cilfs; 

cw;gj;jp epiyaq;fs; Nghd;w njhopy;fs; kl;Lk; NghjpasT ,yhgj;jpid 

cUthf;Ftjhy; fld;fisg; ngw KbAk;. MfNt> E.ep.ep eLj;ju kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy 

Nehf;fj;jpd;gb> gbg;gbahf mtu;fSila nraw;ghl;Lr; nrytpidf; Fiwj;J cw;gj;jpj; 

jpwid mjpfupj;J tl;b tPjj;jpidAk; Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. 

nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;> Ez; fld;fspd; tl;b tPjj;jpy; tuk;gpid Rkj;Jtjw;F 

tpthjpf;ff; $Lk;. tuk;G rk;ge;jkhd xU Kf;fpakhd vjpu;kiw mk;rk; vd;dntdpy;> 

E.ep.ep mtu;fSila nrytPdq;fis vdNt> mjpfstpyhd nrytPdq;fisf; nfhz;l 

njhiyJ}u fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; Ntiy nra;tijj; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;b tUk;. 

,g;gbahd #o;epiyapy;> tl;b tPj;jpd; tuk;G twpa kf;fSf;F cjTtij tpl 

ghjpg;gpidNa cz;lhf;Fk;. 



itg;Gfis vLj;jYk; kw;Wk; E.ep.ep epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikAk; 

mjpfstpyhd twpa thbf;ifahsu;fis miltjw;F VJthf> E.ep.ep epjp tsj;jpy; 

epiwe;jtu;fshfTk; epiyj;J epw;ff; $batu;fshfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,tu;fs;> 

jq;fSila nraw;ghl;L nrytpid mtu;fs; njhlu;r;rpahf 

,aq;f XusT rpwpastpyhd ,yhgj;jpidAk; cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. Muk;g jrhg;jq;fspy; 

epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ik xU Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidahf ,y;yhjpUe;jJ. Vnddpy; 

mNefkhd E.ep.ep ru;tNjr nfhilahspfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; toq;fpa nfhilfs; 

my;yJ khdpaq;fspy; nropj;jpUe;jdu;. Mdhy; ,t;thwhd toptiffspy; tPo;r;rp 

fhzg;gl;l nghOJ> E.ep.ep re;ijapYs;s itg;G my;yJ fld;fs; %ykhf epjpapidr; 

Nrfupf;f Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gl;ldu;. E.ep.ep epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ik 

xU Kf;fpakhd gpur;rpidahfpaJ. epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikapid miltjw;F> 

mjpfg;gbahd fld; mwtpLk; tPjk;> njhlu;r;rpahd fld; toq;fy; %yk; 

thbf;ifahsu;fisj; jf;f itj;jy;> nryTfs; rk;ge;jkhd czu;T> mjpfg;gbahd 

nray; jpwd; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp jpwd; Mfpait Kf;fpakhd fhuzpfshftpUe;jd. ed;F 

tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xU Ez;epjp nfhs;if epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikaw;w E.ep.ep 

ngUf;fj;jpw;F ,ilA+whf ,Uf;Fk; gpur;ridfSf;F jPu;T fhz cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. 

Ez; Nrkpg;G trjpf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;> Ezepjpapd; mbg;gilahd xU mk;rkhFk;. 

Rpwpastpyhd Nrkpg;ghsu;fs;> jq;fSila Nrkpg;gpw;F ghJfhg;gpid> Fiwe;jsT 

gupkhw;wr; nrytpidahtJ ngWtjw;fhd trjpfis tpUk;Gtu;. mtu;fs; ,e;j epjp vq;F 

NjitNah mq;F ghtpf;Fk; tifapy; nefpo;r;rpahf ,Uf;f tpUk;Gtu;. 

E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;F> ,t;thwhd rpwpa Nrkpg;Gf;fs; xU kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd epjp ngWk; 

topahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jr; Nrkpg;Gfs; twpa kf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapyhd 

gytpjkhd Nrkpg;G tbtq;fs; %ykhfg; ngwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhdit rpy fl;lhakhd 

Nrkpg;ghfTk; rpy jd;dpr;irahd Nrkpg;ghfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. 

,yq;ifapy; jw;Nghija rl;l mikg;G> m.rh.ep-E.ep.ep Kf;fpakhf rpy 

gpur;ridfisj; Njhw;wpAs;sJ. jw;NghJs;s rl;lj;jpd;gb> kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; cupkk; 

ngw;Ws;s epWtdq;fs; kl;LNk> nghJ kf;fsplkpUe;J Nrkpg;Gf;fis jpul;l KbAk;. 

,Ue;jhYk;> m.rh.ep- E.ep.ep jq;fSila mq;fj;jtu;fsplkpUe;Jk; kw;Wk; fld; 

ngWgtu;fsplkpUe;Jk; fld;fSf;fhf Nrfupf;Fk; gq;fspg;Gfs; ghJfhg;gw;wit. ,e;j 

gq;fspg;Gfs;> fld; ngWgtu;fSf;Fk; xU tifapy; cjtp nra;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; 

vjpu;ghuhj tpjj;jpy; ,tu;fsJ fhRg;gha;r;rypy; VjhtJ gpur;rid tUk; nghOJ 

,itfs; fld; kPsspg;Gf;F cjTfpd;wd. filrpahd fld; kPsspg;gpid xd;whfr; 

nrYj;jtjw;Fk; ,t;thwhd gq;fspg;Gfs; cjTfpd;wd. 2011 ,Wjpastpy; 

cUthf;fg;gl;l epjptpahghu rl;lk;> ,t;thwhd gq;fspg;Gfisg; ngWtjpidj; jil 

nra;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy; ,e;jr; rl;lj;jpy; itg;Gf;fs; vd;gjd; fPo; ,t;tifahd 

gq;fspg;GfSk; tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd E.ep.ep ,Jtiu jpul;lg;gl;l 

gq;fspg;Gfis kPsr; nrYj;jp kw;Wk; Gjpa gq;fspg;Gfisg; ngWtjpidAk; epWj;j 

Ntz;b te;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf jpBnud;W> m.rh.ep – E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; Kf;fpakhd 

epjp fpilf;Fk; %yk; Fiwe;J mjpfg;gbahd epjp ntspr; nry;tij vjpu; nfhs;s 

Ntz;b te;jJ. ,e;j Gjpa epiyik E.ep.ep tpahghuj;jpYk; ,yhgj;jpYk; tpiuthd 

tPo;r;rpapidj; Njhw;w nghWg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. ,t;thwhd E.ep.ep Nrkpg;gpidj; jpul;Ltjw;F 

VJthd tpjpKiwfs; ,tu;fSila epiyj;J epw;Fk; jd;ikapd; tsu;r;rpf;F 

Kf;fpakhfpd;wd. 

Ez;epjpf;F xU nfhs;if ,;y;yhik 

nfhs;if rk;ge;jhf gy tUlq;fshf Ngr;R thu;j;ij ele;jhYk;> ,e;j ehl;by; Ez; 

epjpf;nfd xU nfhs;if ,y;iy. ,jd; fhuzkhf> tWik xopg;G> fpuhkpa tsu;r;rp 

Mfpatw;wpid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l Vida nfhs;iffSld; Ez;epjp nraw;ghLfs; 

,ize;J nraw;gl xU tha;g;Gk; jw;NghJ ,y;iy. 

fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G ,y;yhik 

Vida epjp epWtdq;fSf;F Fwpg;gpl;l fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;nghd;W ,Ug;gJld;> ,e;j 

epWtdq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jk;> mj;Jld; mitfspd; tsu;r;rpf;Fk; epiyj;J epw;Fk; 

jd;ikf;fhd Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thwhdnjhU fl;Lg;ghl;L 

mikg;nghd;W ,y;yhjJ fl;Lg;ghlw;w E.ep.ep ngupa gpur;ridfis cz;lhf;Ffpd;wJ. 



xU cfe;j fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 

Ez;epjp epWtdq;fSf;F fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G ,Uf;f Ntz;banjd;w tplak; 

ghue;jstpy; tpthjpf;fg;gl;L tUk; tplakhf ,Ug;gjw;F fhuzk;> Vida 

fl;Lg;ghLfisAila tq;fpfSld; xg;gpLk;NghJ Ez;epjp epWtdq;fspd; Fzhjpaq;fs; 

gy;NtWgl;l tpjj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wikahFk;. nghyPtpah>vjpNahg;gpah> fhdh> ngU> 

ghfp];jhd;> tpal;ehk;> fk;Nghbah> jd;\hdpah> kw;Wk; cfz;lh Nghd;w ehLfspy; xU 

Neubahd fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G ,Uf;fpd;wJ. tq;fhsNjrk; ,e;Njhdprpah> kw;Wk; njd; 

Mgpupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; Vida epWtdq;fs; %ykhf fl;Lg;ghL ,Uf;fpd;wJ. 

,e;jpah> mz;ikapy; ,t;thwhd fl;Lg;ghl;bid cUthf;Ftw;nfd xU rl;lj;jpidg; 

ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; nfhz;L te;Js;sJ. ,t; tifahd fl;Lg;ghLfs; xt;nthU ehLfspd; 

NjitfSf;Nfw;w tifapy; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G> E.ep.epWtdq;fspd; 

rl;l uPjpahd epiyapid mjpfupf;fr; nra;J re;ijapy; mitfspd; nraw;ghLfSf;F 

cjtp nra;Ak;. nrYj;jg;glhj fld;fs; mwtpLtJ rk;ge;jkhf ,t;thwhd 

epWtdq;fs; rl;l MNyhridfis mZFk;nghOJ> ,e;j epWtdq;fspd; fld; 

toq;fpaJ rk;ge;jkhd rl;l uPjpahd jd;ik xU Nfs;tpahf tof;Fkd;wq;fspy; 

fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fSf;F rl;l upjpahd mq;fpfhuk; toq;Ftjhy; ,e;j 

epWtdq;fSf;F fld; toq;Fgtu;fspd; Mgj;J jd;ik FiwAk;. m.rh.ep-E.ep.ep 

nraw;ghLfs; tpNrlkhd rl;l uPjpahf mq;fPfupf;fg;glhjgbahy;> ,e;j re;ijf;F epjp 

toq;Fgtu;fs; jq;fSila fld;fis toq;Ftjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;Lfpd;wdu;. 

ghuk;gupa epjpj; Jiwapidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; kj;jpa tq;fp ,t;thwhd Ez;epjp 

epWtdq;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 

“rpwe;j KiwahdnjhU Ez;epjpj; Jiwf;F> mjd; nraw;ghLfis epGzj;Jtk; nfhz;l 

tifapy; Kd;ndLf;f tskhd Ez;epjp epWtdq;fs; nfhz;l njhFjp xd;W Njit. 

VjhtJ epWtdk; Nrkpg;gpid jpul;Lk; nghOJ> ,t;thwhd epWtdj;jpw;F 

Nrkpg;ghsu;fspd; itg;Gfis ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; tpNtfkhd fl;Lg;ghLk; 

Nkw;ghu;itAk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd> E.ep.ep tpupthf;fj;Jld;> twpa kf;fspd; 

Nrkpg;Gf;fisj; jpul;Ltjpd; ghJfhg;gpidg;gw;wp mjpfhupfs; mjpf ftdk; vLf;fj; 

njhlq;fpdu;> Vndd;why; E.ep.ep jw;nghOJ Kiwahd rl;l tiuaiwfSf;Fs;Sk; 

kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itfSf;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. E.ep.ep tpjpKiwfSf;F cl;gl;L 

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it vd;gJ ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fSf;F xj;Jg; NghtjhFk;. 

rl;l tpjpKiwfs; ,y;yhj fhuzKk; E.ep.epWtdq;fSf;F nfhilahspfs;/epjp 

toq;Fk; Kftu;fs; epjp toq;fj; jaf;fk; fhl;LtijAk; kw;Wk; KiwahdnjhU 

fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;it NjitnadTk; ,jd; %ykhf epiyj;J epw;Fk; 

jd;ikapidAk; kw;Wk; ,e;j Jiw Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tPr;rpidAk; milaKbAk; vd 

ek;Gfpd;wd> (kj;jpa tq;fp tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2010 gf;fk; 175 & 176) 

kj;jpa tq;fp NkYk; Fwpg;gpLifapy; “xU gaDs;s xOq;FgLj;Jk; nghwpKiwahdJ 

E.ep.ep cz;ikahfg; ngwg;gLk; ed;ikfis r%fj;jpw;F ey;y Kiwapy; milar; 

nratjw;F xUKfg;gLj;j cjTk;. xU fl;Lg;ghl;L nghwpKiwahdJ nghJ kf;fspd; 

ek;gpf;ifapidf; fl;bnaOg;GtNjhL gue;jstpyhd epjp tsq;fis milar; nra;J 

Nghd;w ,e;j Jiwapd; tYtpw;F gq;fspf;Fk;. Nkhrbahd epjpeltbf;iffspd; 

Njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; ,J Cf;fkspf;fhJ. (kj;jpa tq;fp tUlhe;j mwpf;if 2010 gf;fk; 176) 

tWik xopg;G kw;wk; epjp Nru;g;gjw;Fkhd E.ep.Jiwapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid czu;e;J> 

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; Ez;epjp epWtdq;fSf;F fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj xU xOq;F Kiwf; 

fl;likg;gpid Kd;nkhope;jJ. mz;ikapy; mikr;ruit ,e;j rl;lj;jpw;F mq;fpfhuk; 

toq;fpAs;sJ. Kd;nkhopag;gl;l ,t;thwhd mikg;gpy;> xU fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;gpid 

kj;jpa tq;fp cUthf;fp ,jw;fhd fl;Lg;ghLfs;> nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; juj;jpid 

mikf;f mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;NjhL> kj;jpa tq;fp E.ep.ep tpahghuq;fis 

elhj;j cupkq;fis kw;Wk; toptiffisAk; toq;f mjpfhuk; toq;fg;gLtNjhL E.ep.ep 

Nkw;ghu;it nra;Ak; mjpfhuKk; toq;fg;gLk;. 



KbTiu 

tWik xopg;gpw;fhd xU gaDs;s fUtpahf Ez;epjp tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ghuk;gupakhd epjp 

mikg;gpypUe;J gytpjkhd fhuzq;fspdhy; tpyf;fg;gl;bUe;j kf;fis epjp Nrfupg;gpy; 

gq;F nfhs;s Ez;epjp cjTfpd;wJ. vdNt> Ez;epjp nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; 

kw;Wk; r%f nghUshjhu rkgq;fpw;Fkhd ,uz;bw;Fk; gq;fspf;fpd;wJ. twpa kf;fSf;F 

epjpr; Nritapid vspjhf miltjw;F Kbahtpl;lhy;> tWik epiyapy; mth;fs; 

njhlu;e;J ,Ug;gNjhL kw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; Vw;w jho;Tfs; njhlu;e;j tz;zk;kpUf;Fk;. 

,e;epiy nghUshjhu uPjpapYk;> r%f uPjpapYk; kw;Wk; murpay; uPjpapYk; Vw;Gilajy;y. 

,e;j fhuzpapid mq;fpfupj;J> gy ehLfspYs;s nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs; ,e;j 

Jiwapid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F> Ez;epjp Nritfs; kw;Wk; Ez;epjp ePWtdq;fs; 

mlq;fyhf eilKiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sdu.; E.ep.ep jq;fSila 

mZFKiwfspy;> Nehf;fq;fspy;> kw;Wk; Kjpu;r;rp jd;ikapy; khWgl;litfshf 

cs;sd. vdNt> ,e;j Jiwapid Nkk;gLj;JtJ xU rthyhd gzpahFk;. ,yq;ifAk; 

Kf;fpakhf fpuhkpa fld; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Vida jpl;lq;fSld; Ez;epjpapy; kpfTk; 

ePz;l mDgtj;jpidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 1990 ypUe;J m.rh.ep Nghd;w tu;j;j uPjpapy; 

,aq;Fk; E.ep.ep Njhw;wj;jpy; njhlh;r;rpahd tsu;r;rpapidf; nfhz;Ls;sJld; jw;NghJ 

mit xU tiyaikg;gpid jq;fSila nraw;ghl;bid mtu;fSf;Fs;Sk; kw;Wk; 

Vida gFjpfSlDk; xUq;fpizg;gjw;F cUthf;fpAs;sd. ,e;j Jiw rhu;e;j 

gytpjkhd gpur;ridfs; jw;NghJ cs;sd. ,itfSf;Fs; Kf;fpakhdJ> 

mtu;fSila rl;l uPjpahd milahsKk; kw;Wk; R%fkhd nraw;ghl;bw;Fkhd 

MjuTkhFk;. ,e;j fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;G> jw;nghOJs;s fl;Lg;ghlw;w kw;Wk; Fiwe;jsT 

fl;Lg;ghLs;sJkhd E.ep.epWtdq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; re;ijapy; jq;fSila 

epiyapid Nkk;gLj;j cjTfpd;wJ. Ez;epjpj; Jiwapy; tsh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk;> xU 

rpwe;j nfhs;if fl;likg;igf; nfhz;l> fl;Lg;ghl;L mikg;ig tbtikf;fTk;> mKy; 

elhj;jTk; cjTtjd; %yk; nfhs;if tFg;ghsh;fs; Ez;epjpj;Jiwapd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; 

kw;Wk; xl;Lnkhj;j nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fk; rkgq;fpw;Fk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;fspg;ig 

toq;f KbAk;.

Tamil - Microfinance in Sri Lanka

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