laIqøuq,H fiajd imhkafkda - Microfinance in Sri Lanka

Produced by GTZ ProMiS in collaboration with The Banking With The Poor Network
Ministry of
Finance and
Planning
Sri Lankan – German Development Cooperation
Sri_Lanka_Sinhala.indd 1
13/05/2009 2:47:15 PM

GTZ hkq l=ulao@
cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhla f,i ;sridr ixj¾Okhla i`oyd f,dj mqrd ueÈy;aùï isÿ
lrk GTZ wdh;kh c¾udkq rcfha ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;suh wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug odhl fõ¡
f.da,ShlrKh jQ f,dalfha foaYmd,ksl" wd¾Ól" mßirúoHd;aul yd iudchSh ixj¾Okh i`oyd
l%shd;aul l< yels" bÈßh olsk úi`ÿï bka ,nd fohs¡ ÿIalr ;;a;aj hgf;a lghq;= lsÍfï §
GTZ wdh;kh ixlS¾K m%;sjHqylrK l%u yd mßj¾;k l%shdj,Ska m%j¾Okh lrhs¡ tys
wdh;ksl wruqK ;sridr mokula hgf;a ñksiqkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajhka kxjd,Su hs¡
f*vr,a jHdmdrhla jk GTZ wdh;kh msysgd we;af;a *a/kala*¾Ü kqjr wi< jQ tIafnda¾ka
m%foaYfha h¡ 1975 § msysg jQ GTZ wdh;kh fm!oa.,sl kS;sh hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ l< iud.uls¡
wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;dj yd ixj¾Okh ms

zÿmam;=ka iu. nexl=lrKhZ cd,h fyj;a
BWTP cd,h hkq l=ula o@
zÿmam;=ka iu. nexl=lrKhZ (Banking With The Poor – BWTP) cd,h hkq tkï" ´iafÜ%,shdj"
nx.a,dfoaYh" bkaÈhdj" bkaÿkSishdj" fkamd,h" mlsia:dkh" ms,smSkh" Y%S ,xldj yd úhÜkduh
kue;s wdishdfõ rgj,a kjhl l%shd;aul jk cd;l uÜgfï m%;sm;a;s wdh;k" jdKsc nexl= yd
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk 30la muK tla j ieÿï ,;a cd,hls¡ BWTP cd,fha wruqK wdishdfõ
laIqø uq,H jevigyka uq,H moaO;shg iïnkaO lsÍu yd wka;¾lrK uq,H fiajd iemhSug Woõ
lsÍuhs¡ tu wruqKq

ia;=;sh
BWTP cd,fha iyfhda.S;djfhka YS% ,xld laIqøuq,H l¾udka; jd¾;dj ilia lrk ,oafoa GTZ -
fm%dñia ^laIqøuq,H wxYh m%pdrkh& jevigyfka fÊIaG laIqøuq,H úfYaI{ frdaIsKS m%kdkaÿ
fukúh úisks¡ ta i`oyd m¾fhaIK iydh ;dñkS l=,rdcisx.ï fukúh ,nd fok ,§¡ fuu
l¾;jHh wdrïN l< wjÈfha fm%dñia jHdmD;sfha ysgmq fÊIaG WmfoaYl wdpd¾h¡ v¾la
iafÜkafjdakaâ uy;d fj; úfYaI ia;=;sh mqo lruq¡ Tyqf.a ud¾f.damfoaYh iy jákd Wmfoia
fuu jd¾;dj id¾:l j iïmQ¾K lr.ekSug úYd, jYfhka odhl úh¡
fuu m%ldYkfha .=Kfodia fidhd n,d th jeäÈhqKq lsÍfuys ,d wk.s woyia ,nd ÿka wdpd¾h¡
ksu,a m%kdkaÿ uy;dg o wmf.a ia;=;sh fuhska mqo flf¾¡
ta jf.a u fâúâ nd¾fgdpd uy;d" ls%iaákd fudorka fukúh" ,xld laIqøuq,H jD;a;slhkaf.a
ix.uh" YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ ks,OdÍka iy fuu f,aLkh ilia lsÍfï ,d ish ld,h" woyia
yd m%;sfmdaIKh imhñka kka whqßka odhl jQ ish,a,kag;a wmf.a m%Kduh mqo lruq¡
BWTP cd,fha m%Odk iïnkaêldrl yd ixj¾Ok iyfhda.S;djh i`oyd jQ mokfï wdishdkq
l,dmSh ksfhdað; fcó fnâika uy;d iy GTZ- fm%dñia jHdmD;sfha fÊIaG WmfoaYsld wdpd¾h
ve.ud¾ Æï uy;añh fj; o fuu mejreu mqrdjg ,nd ÿka iyfhda.h fjkqfjka wmf.a
lD;{;dj mqo lruq¡
4

ixfla; kdu" flá fhÿï yd isxy, wre;a
ADB Asian Development Bank wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j
ATM Automated Teller Machine iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;%h
BWTP Banking With The Poor ÿmam;=ka iu. nexl=lrKh
CBSL Central Bank of Sri Lanka Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j
CGAP Consultative Group to Assist the Poor ÿmam;=kag iydh §fï WmfoaYl lKavdhu
CLEAR Country-Level Effectiveness and rgj,a uÜgfï M,odhS;dj yd
Accountability Review
.sKqï lghq;= j.lSu úu¾Ykh
CRB Co-operative Rural Bank iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=j
CRIB Credit Information Bureau Kh f;dr;=re ld¾hdxYh
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility ixia:dksl iudc j.lSu
DCS Department of Census and Statistics ck ix.Kk yd ixLHd f,ALk fomd¾;fïka;=j
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation wdydr yd lDIsl¾u fomd¾;fïka;=j
FI Financial Institution uq,H wdh;kh
GDP Gross Domestic Product o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h
GNP Gross National Product o< cd;sl ksIamdos;h
GTZ Deu Gesellschaft Technisch ;dlaIK iyfhda.S;dj i`oyd c¾udkq tackaish
Zusammenarbeit (German Agency for
Technical Cooporation)
ICT Information and Communications f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
Technology
IT Information Technology f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh
JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;dj ms

MPCS Multi-purpose Co-operative Society úúO fiajd iuQmldr iñ;sh
NDTF National Development Trust Fund cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqo,
NGO Non Governmental Organisation rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkh
PAMP Poverty Alleviation Microfinance Project ÿmam;alu wjulr,Sfï laIqøuq,H jHdmD;sh
PaR Portfolio at Risk wdfhdack wjodku
ProMiS Promotion of the Microfinance Sector laIqøuq,H wxYh m%j¾Okh
RADA Reconstruction and Development Authority m%;sixialrK yd ixj¾Ok wêldßh
RDB Regional Development Bank m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=j
RFSDP Rural Finance Sector Development .%dóh uq,H wxYh ixj¾Okh lsÍfï jevigyk
Programme
ROSCA Rotating Savings and Credit Association pl%Sh ;ekam;= yd Kh ix.uh
RRDB Regional Rural Development Bank m%dfoaYSh .%dóh ixj¾Ok nexl=j
SBS Samurdhi Bank Society iuDoaê nexl= ix.uh
SEEDS Sarvodaya Economic Enterprise i¾fjdaoh wd¾Ól jHjidh ixj¾Ok fiajd
Development Services
TCCS Thrift and Credit Co-operative Society iliqrejï yd Kh iuqmldr iñ;sh
TSP Technical Service Provider ;dlaIKsl fiajd imhkakd
UNDP United Nations Development Programme tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk
WDC Women’s Development Co-operative ldka;djkaf.a ixj¾Ok nexl=j
6

wka;¾.;h
GTZ hkq l=ula o@ 2
BWTP hkq l=ula o@ 3
ia;=;sh 4
ixfla; kdu" flá fhÿï yd isxy, wre;a 5
foaYfha me;slv 8
uq,H lafIa;%h 10
kshduk hdka;%Kh 14
Y%S ,xldfõ laIqø uq,H jHdmdrh 16
laIqøuq,H fiajd imhkafkda 20
uq,H fiajd i`oyd m%fõYh 30
laIqøuq,H wxYh i`oyd wdh;ksl uÜgfï wkq.%yh 35
rdcH m%;sm;a;sh 39
laIqøuq,H lafIa;%fha wdOdr wdh;kj, wkq.%yh 41
m%Odk wNsfhda. 46
weñKqu 1 - Y%S ,xldj ms

foaYfha me;slv
bkaÈhdfõ ol=Kq ;=vqfõ msysgd we;s Y%S ,xldfõ ck.ykh ñ,shk 20¡01 ls¡ ol=Kq wdishdfõ
wfkl=;a rgj,a yd iei`§fï § YS% ,xldj idfmalaI jYfhka hym;a iudc-wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhla
fmkakqï lrhs¡ rfÜ tal mqoa., o< cd;sl ksIamdos;h (GNP) wfußldkq fvd,¾ 1599 1 la f,i
jd¾;d lrñka ol=Kq wdishdfõ rgj,a w;=ßka fojeks ia:dkhg ysñlï lshk w;r m

j.=j 1
ks¾Kdhlh 2005 2006 2007
uq¿ ck.ykh ^Z000& 19"668 19"886 20"010
jd¾Isl ck.yk j¾Ok fõ.h ^]& 1¡00 1¡10 1¡10
wju wdodhï uÜgfuka my< ck.ykh ^wju wdodhï 22¡7 15¡2 15¡2
uÜgfuka my< mqoa., .Kkfha o¾Ylh& ^]&
^2002&
idlaIr;dj ^]& ^2003$2004& 92¡5 92¡5 92¡5
.%dóh m%foaYj, Ôj;a jk ck.yk m%;sY;h ^]& 72¡2
^1981&
72¡2
^1981&
72¡2
^1981&
wdhq wfmalaIdj
^2004&
mqreI 71¡7 71¡7 71¡7
ia;S% 77¡0 77¡0 77¡0
tal mqoa., o< cd;sl ksIamdÈ;h ^wfußldkq fvd,¾& 1"226 1"402 1"599
o< cd;sl ksIamdÈlfha j¾Ok fõ.h ^]& 6¡0 7¡5 7¡2
WoaOuk fõ.h ^]& 11¡6 13¡7 17¡5
jd¾Isl o< úksuh wkqmd;h ^remsh,a$wfußldkq fvd,¾& 100¡50 103¡96 110¡62
9

uq,H lafIa;%h
YS% ,xldfõ uq,H moaO;sh ilia ù we;af;a úúO wdh;k /il tl;=fjks¡ YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
(CBSL), jdKsc nexl=" uq,H iud.ï" úfYaIs; l,anÿ iud.ï" rlaIK iud.ï" talSh Ndr" fjf

i`oyd újD; lsÍug wjir ke;¡ fuu úfYaIs; nexl= 15 w;=ßka 6la md¾,sfïka;= mk;la hgf;a
f;dard .;a m%foaYj, wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï ixj¾Okh yd m%j¾Okh i`oyd ia:dms; l< m%dfoaYSh
ixj¾Ok nexl= (RDBs) h¡ fuu m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= .egqïj,ska mSvd ú`Èk kef.kysr yd
W;=re m

l,anÿ iud.ïj,g fuka fkdj" ,shd mÈxÑ uq,H iud.ï w;=ßka 31lg 2007 cqks ui wjidkh
jk úg uyck ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSug Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fjka wjir ,nd § ;sìK¡ flfia jqj o"
uE;l § ixfYdaOkh l< uq,H l,anÿ mk; u.ska l,anÿ iud.uj,g o Kh iq/l=ï yryd
uyck wruqo,a iïmdokhg wjir ,eìKs¡ ish wruqo,a wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i`oyd
idudkHfhka l,anÿ iud.ï lghq;= lrkqfha nexl= fyda uq,H iud.ï wkqnoaê;j h¡
jdKsc nexl=" úfYaIs; nexl= yd uq,H iud.ïj,g wu;r j .%dóh nexl= yd iliqrejï yd Kh
iuqmldr iñ;s wdldrfha ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd fjk;a wdh;kj, cd,hla o l%shd;aul fõ¡
iudðlhskaf.a whs;sh hgf;a iudðl;ajh ;=

uq,H wdh;k i;= ;ekam;= yd wdfhdack 6
j¾.h m%udKh ^re¡ ñ,shk& .sKqï ixLHdj
b;sßlsÍï yd ;ekam;= 78"202 ^2007 wjik& wod< ke;
Kh iy w;a;sldrï 106"211 ^2007 wjik& wod< ke;
IV. iliqrejï yd Kh iuqmldr iñ;s
b;sßlsÍï yd ;ekam;= 3"870 ^2007 wjik& wod< ke;
Kh 3"564 ^2007 wjik& 214"803
V. iuqmldr .%dóh nexl=
b;sßlsÍï yd ;ekam;= 31"998 ^2007 wjik& 6"608"318
Kh 21"712 ^2007 wjik& 1"314"862
VI. iuDoaê nexl= iñ;s
b;sßlsÍï yd ;ekam;= 17"614 ^2007 cQks wjik& 5"873"224
Kh 7"785 ^2007 cQks wjik& 656"330
VII. rlaIK iud.ï
rlaIKh l< uq¿ m%udKh ^Ôú;
408"016 ^2007 wjik& 1"923"550
rlaIK&
tl;= l< uq¿ jdßl m%udKh ^Ôú; 18"148 ^2007 wjik&
rlaIK&
Y=oaO jdßlh ^idudkH rlaIK&
22"687 ^2007 wjik&
^weia;fïka;= fldg we;&
13

kshdukh
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j hgf;a jdKsc yd úfYaIs; nexl=" uq,H iud.ï" l,anÿ iud.ï yd m%Odk
fjf

• 2000 wxl 43 orK rlaIK l¾udka; kshduk mk;( fuu mk; hgf;a ±kg iud.ï 16 la
n,m;% ,nd f.k we;¡ kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ms

Y%S ,xldfõ laIqøuq,H jHdmdrh
YS% ,xldfõ laIqøuq,H jHdmdrfha b;sydih 1906 olajd Èfõ¡ ta ì%;dkH wêrdcH mßmd,kh úiska
iuqmldr wd{dmk; hgf;a iliqrejï yd Kh iuqmldr iñ;s (TCCSs) iA:dms; lsÍfï j¾Ih hs¡
YS% ,xldjg uq

fuu.ska m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=j,g jvd iajdëk l

- laIqøuq,H wdh;k w;r lemS fmfkk ia:dkhla w;a lr .eksK¡ Tjqkg jir 4 la jeks iq¿
ld,hl § mdßfNda.slhka 75"000la fj;

wëlaIKhla isÿ fkdjk w;r tajdfha laIqøuq,H ls%hdldrlï md,kh lsÍug úfYaI kS;s fyda
fr.=,dis o ke;¡ fuu ;;a;ajh u.yrjd,Su i`oyd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska laIqøu,H wdh;k
mk;la ieliQ w;r tu.ska laIqøuq,H wdh;k kshdukh yd wëlaIKh fhdackd flßK¡ flfia
jqj o" fuu fhdað; mk; hgf;a" ish¨u m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=" ,shdmÈxÑ uq,H iud.ï"
f.dvkef.k iñ;s" iuqmldr iñ;s yd iuyr ,dN bmhSu mrud¾: lr fkd.;a iud.ï jeks
laIqøuq,H fiajd imhkakka /ila neyer fldg we;af;a Tjqka YS% ,xld uy nexl=j hgf;a
l%shd;aulùu i`oyd wjYH jkakd jQ n,m;% ,nd .ekSfuka ksoyia fldg we;s ksid h¡ iuDoaê
nexl= iñ;s ms

laIqøuq,H fiajd imhkafkda
fhdcs; laIqøuq,H wdh;k mk; l%shd;aul l

laIqøuq,H fiajd ia:dk cd,h
zCGAP CLEARZ úu¾Ykh 2006 u.ska weia;fïka;= l< wkaoug YS% ,xldfõ 14"000lg jeä
ixLHdjla laIqøuq,H fiajd imhkafkda isá;s¡ fuhg iKi iñ;s 8"440 o we;=

fkdjqj o iólaIKh u.ska rg ;=< l%shd;aul jk ish¨u laIqøuq,H fiajd imhk úYd, wdh;k
wdjrKh l< fyhska my; bÈßm;a flfrk o;a; iúia;rd;aul neõ ie,lsh hq;= h¡
rEmigyk 1 ka bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk m%dfoaYSh jHdma;sh hgf;a iólaIKh i`oyd iyNd.s jQ
laIqøuq,H fiajd ia:dk 7"141 la wdjrKh flf¾¡ ta hgf;a ish¨u m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl="
iuDoaê ixj¾Ok nexl= iy l%shdldÍ iKi iñ;s 3"794 o we;=

wdikak jYfhka 17 la jk j;=lrfha laIqøuq,H fiajd iemhSu iïnkaOfhka we;af;a ßla;hla
njg fmkajd fohs¡ tfuka u" ckix.Kk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska m%ldYs; o;a;
wkqj cd;sl oßø;d o¾Ylh 22¡7] ^2002& isg 5¡2] ^2006$7& olajd wvqùula fmkakqï l< o
j;=lrfha tu o¾Ylh wod< ld,iSudj ;=< § u 30] isg 32] olajd jeäùula fmkakqï lrhs¡ 13
rEm igyk 2 - wdxYsl jYfhka laIqøuQ,H fiajd ia:dkj, jHdma;sh
ÿmam;alu me;sÍug idfmalaIj fiajd ia:dkj, jHdma;sh
2006$2007 ckix.Kk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska Èh;a l< wdodhï yd úhoï
ms

yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%;sM, úlD;s lsÍug th fndfyda ÿrg fya;= jQ jd úh yels
h¡
j.=j 5
m

• iuqmldr .%dóh nexl= ^CRBs& yd ldka;djkaf.a ixj¾Ok iuqmldr iñ;s ^ WDCs&( fiajd
,nk mdßfNda.slhska ixLHdj ms

fkdjk ixúOdkj,g wh;a laIqøuq,H wdh;k ie,ls,a,g .;a l, Tjqkaf.a mdßfNda.slhka
w;=ßka 82] lf.a ksjfia udisl wdodhu re¡5"000$- g jvd wvq h¡ m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=
meyeÈ,s j u fiajd imhkafka fjkia mdßfNda.sl lKavdhulg jk w;r" bka 50] lg jvd
jeä msßila .efkkqfha ksjfia udisl wdodhu re¡5"000 - 20"000 w;r uÜgulg h¡
j.=j 6 - laIqøuq,H fiajd mdßfNda.slhskaf.a wdodhï uÜgï
< re¡3"000 re¡3"000 - re¡5"000 - re¡10"000 - re¡20"000 -
5"000 10"000 20"000 40"000
> re¡40"000
m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= 19¡3] 18¡3] 24¡2] 28¡3] 7¡5] 2¡3]
iuDoaê nexl= iñ;s * 85¡0]
iuqmldr .%dóh nexl=$
ldka;djkaf.a ixj¾Ok
o;a;
ke;
o;a;
ke;
o;a;
ke;
o;a;
ke;
o;a;
ke;
o;a;
ke;
nexl=
iKi$ iliqrejï yd 20¡1] 29¡4] 26¡3] 14¡7] 5¡3] 4¡3]
Kh iuqmldr iñ;s
fjk;a laIqøuq,H
50¡4] 31¡5] 13¡3] 3¡0] 1¡6] 0¡3]
wdh;k**
* b;sß 15] l mdßfNda.sl msßif.a wdodhï uÜgu fnod fjkafldg ke;¡ ** laIqøuq,H wdh;k 64l f;dr;=re weiqßks¡
ksIamdok l

j.=j 7 - Kh l

nexl= yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk hgf;a Kh ,nd.ekSfï § Kh m%d.aOkh wdjrKh jk mßÈ
rlaIKhla ñ, § .ekSug Kh,dNshdg isÿjk nj o fy

Kh ld,iSudj
udihl isg jir 5 ^idudkHfhka ksjdi Kh i`oyd& olajd ld,iSudjkag hg;a j Kh ksl=;a
flf¾¡ flfia jqj o" wdh;k b;d iq¿ ixLHdjla ^iuyr iuqmldr .%dóh nexl= yd iKi iñ;s&
jir 10 - 12 olajd jQ È.=ld,Sk Kh ,nd fok njg jd¾;d fõ¡
29

uq,H fiajd i`oyd m%fõYh
my; i`oyka f;dr;=re mokï jQfha YS% ,xldfõ Èia;s%lal 22 l o< jYfhka ksjdi 3"000la muK
wdjrKh flfrñka 2007 § isÿl< iñlaIKfhks 16 ¡ iólaIK m%;sM,j,g wkqj" mjq,a 82¡5] la
uq,H wdh;kj,ska b;sßlsÍï ;ekam;a lsÍu yd$fyda Kh ,nd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka uq,H fiajd
,nd f.k ;sìK¡ jeä ÿrg;a wdikak jYfhka 50]l muK mjq,a m%udKhla ish uqo,a wjYH;d
i`oyd uq,H wdh;k lsysmhla iu. in`o;d mj;ajd we;¡ Kh myiqlï Ndú;h yd iei`§fï §
b;sßlsÍu iïnkaOfhka fiajd Ndú;h jeäh - wdikak jYfhka mjq,a 75]la uq,H wdh;kj,
b;sßlsÍfï .sKqï mj;ajdf.k .sh o ta yd iei`§fï § Kh ,nd f.k we;af;a 47]la muKs¡ bka
fmkakqï lrkafka rfÜ mj;sk b;sßlsÍï ixialD;sh hs¡
flfia jqj o" iuia: w.h ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § úúO uÜgïj, mj;sk úIu;d ie`.ù we;¡
.%dóh ^17¡5]& yd kd.ßl ^15]& lafIa;% yd iei`§fï § j;=lrfha mjq,a 25]la uq,H fiajd ,nd
f.k ke;¡
mdßfNda.slhka m%fõY jQ wdh;k j¾.
rdcH nexl= uq,H fiajd iemhSfï § m%Odk N+ñldjl fhfoA¡ uq,H wdh;ksl fiajd ,nd .;a
mjq,aj,ska 75]la fiajd ,nd f.k ;snqfKa rdcH nexl= j,sks¡ fï iïnkaOfhka úfYaIfhka u
uyck nexl=j m%Odk N+ñldjla bgq lrhs¡ foaYSh fm!oa.,sl nexl= fj; 30] la mjq,a m%udKhla

wdh;k jeks laIqøuq,H wdh;kj,ska nj o fy

mjq,a úYd, ixLHdjla uq,H wdh;kj, b;sßlsÍï mj;ajd f.k .sh o idudkH
b;sßlsßï ;ekam;= m%udKh l=vd w.hla .efkkqfha b;sßlsÍfï yelshdfõ wvqlu fuka u
w;sßla; wruqo,a fjk;a úl,am ud¾. i`oyd ^Wod( bvlvï" iaj¾KdNrK ñ, § .ekSu&
wdfhdackh flfrk ksid h¡ m

wúêu;a Kh Ndú;h
wúêu;a Kh iEu;ekl u mdfya we;e hs úYajdi l< o" iólaIKh u.ska fy

• Khfokakka jeks wúêu;a Kh uQ,dY% iïnkaOfhka ;sfnkakd jQ m%p,s; úYajdih ì`o
ouñka" tajdfha lemSfmfkk N+ñldjla fkdue;s w;r tu fiajd Ndú;d lrkqfha uq,sl
jYfhka yÈis wjia:dj, § laIKsl j uqo,a ,nd .ekSu i`oyd nj meyeÈ,s fõ¡
34

laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h i`oyd wdh;ksl uÜgfï wkq.%yh
ÿmam;=kag iydh §fï WmfoaYl lKavdhu ^Consultative Group to Assist the Poor - CGAP& úiska Y%S
,xldfõ Èh;a flreKq rgj,a uÜgfï M,odhS;dj yd uq,H u h j.lSu úu¾Ykh ^Country-Level
Effectiveness and Accountability Review - CLEAR& u.ska fy

Bg wu;r j" úúO l=vd yd uOHu mßudKfha WmfoaYl wdh;k úiska o laIqøuq,H wdh;k yd
Tjqkaf.a fiajd,dNSkag l

mj;ajd f.k hk fjk;a l,anÿ yd uq,H wdh;k yereKq fldg wfkl=;a laIqøuq,H wdh;k
Kh f;dr;=re ld¾hdxYfha idudðlhka fkdfõ¡ fuu lafIa;%h md,kh lsÍu i`oyd ffk;sl
rduqjla y`ÿkajd ÿkfyd;a idudðl;ajh wksjd¾h ùu ksid wkd.;fha § fuh fjkia úh yelsh¡
Wiia uÜgfï wdOdr wdh;k
Y%S ,xld laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h ;=< ls%hd;aul jk úYd, wdOdr wdh;k ;=kls¡ tkï" rch i;=
cd;sl ixj¾Ok Ndrldr wruqo, ^NDTF&" fkd¾fõ msysá iafg%daï mokfuka iydh ,nk
iafg%daï laIqøuq,H wdh;kh yd b;d,sfha msysá zfldkafidaßfhda t;sfudiaZ ^Consorzio Etimos& wdOdr
wdh;kh hs¡
ú.Kkh
úYd, yd uOH mßudK laIqøuq,H wdh;k i`oyd ú.Kkh l< uq,H f;dr;=re ;sfí¡ iuDoaê
nexl= iñ;s ú.Kkh flfrkqfha iuDoaê wêldßfhka jk w;r" iuqmldr .%dóh nexl= iy
iKi iñ;s ú.Kkh flfrkqfha iuqmldr ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j úisks¡ iud.ï mk;
hgf;a ixia:dms; m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= yd laIqøuq,H wdh;k kS;shg wkqj jd¾Isl j
ú.Kkh l< hq;= h¡
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk - laIqøuq,H wdh;kj, .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍug odhla jk m%Odk idOlh
wdOdr wdh;kj, wjYH;dj hs¡ lafIa;%h ms

f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh
laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h ;=< ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSu b;d iSñ; h¡ uE;la
jk ;=re úYd, laIqøuq,H wdh;k mjd l%shd;aul jQfha ish,a, w;ska flfrk mokul isg h¡
l%shdldrlï mß.kl lrKh jQfha miq.sh jir my ;=< h¡ wog;a" iuyr laIqøuq,H wdh;k ish
l%shdldrlï mß.kl lrKh l< o m%Yia; uÜgñka moaO;sh Ndú;hg .kakd wdh;k we;af;a
w;f,diails¡ iqÿiq l

dcH m%;sm;a;sh
j¾;udkfha YS% ,xldfõ laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h iïnkaOfhka úfYaI cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ke;¡ ta
ksid" laIqøuq,H ueÈy;aùï" .%dóh ixj¾Okh yd ÿmam;alï wju lsÍu 17 ms

l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj,g fuka u ÿmam;a .Dyhkg o fkal úO wjYH;d i`oyd Kh ,nd fokq
we;¡ b;sßlsÍï l

laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h i`oyd wdOdr wdh;kj, wkq.%yh
;sia mka oyilg jeä msßila urKhg m;a lrñka yd 800"000lg jeä msßila wj;eka lrñka
2004 § we;s jQ iqkdñfhka miqj" YS% ,xldfõ laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h i`oyd jQ wdOdr wdh;kj, iydh
ie,lsh hq;= uÜgñka by< .sfha h¡ fuh YS% ,xld b;sydih mqrdjg u we;s jQ oreKq; u
fÄojdplh jQ w;r" bka wjik we;s jQ úkdYfhka f.dv tau i`oyd rg ikakoaO j fkdisáfha
h¡ Èia;%slal 25ka 13la u wdjrKh jk mßÈ uqyqÿlrfhka ie,lsh hq;= m%udKhla Bg f.dÿre úh¡
h

wdOdr fok wdh;kj, cd,hla iïnkaêlrKh GTZ wdh;kh hgf;a ia:dms; flßK¡ ta" wdOdr
wdh;kj, laIqøuq,H ueÈy;aùï iïnkaêlrKhg;a" tlu fiajdj wdh;k lsysmhlska tlu
m%foaYhlg ,nd §u je

jHdmdr ixj¾Okh hk tajd h¡ .%dóh uq,H wxY jevigyk hgf;a laIqøuq,H wdh;k mk;
ilia lsÍu o wdrïN úh¡
2007 foieïn¾ ui iSñ; id¾:l;ajhlska hq;= j l%shd;aul jQ fuu jevigyk wjika úh¡ jvd;a
id¾:l jQfha Odß;d j¾Ok l%shdldrlï h¡ ta" mqyqKq iïm;a ixiohla msysgqjd .ekSug yelsùu;a
úúO mqyqKq mj;ajkakg yelsùu;a ksidh¡ flfia jqjo" fuu iïm;a wdh;ksl jHqyhlg f.dkq
lr.ekSug wfmdfydi;a jQ fyhska fuu iïm;a lafIa;%h mqrd úisÍ mj;sk w;r ;sridr
mokulska hq;= j tla tal wdh;ksl uÜgñka mqyqKq ,nd §fï yelshdj iSñ; úh¡ iuqmldr .%dóh
nexl= iy iudoaê nexl= iñ;s jeks uq,H wdh;k m%;sixfYdaOkh yd m%;sjHqylrKh i`oyd
bÈßm;a jQ fhdackdj g o mrÿNdrlrejkaf.a ±ä n,mEu u; ls%hd;aul lsÍug fkdyels úh¡
Odß;d j¾Okh i`oyd ;dlaIKsl iydh" Kh ,nd§u i`oyd jQ uq,H iydh yd ixikaokh lsÍfï
§ iSñ; úh¡ f;dard .;a wdh;k i`oyd ;dlaIKsl iydh ,nd§ug lghq;= l< wdh;k w;r GTZ,
wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" BWTP cd,h" iafg%daï moku" jqfukaia j¾,aâ nEkalska ^Women’s’ World
Banking) yd ma,Eka wdh;kh o úh¡ fjk;a wdOdrl jevigykaj, o ;dlaIKsl iydh we;=

w;afmd; (Capacity Building for Partnerships in Microfinance Trainer’s Manual) fkdñf,a ,nd f.k we;s
w;r" ish mqyqKq jevigykaj, § th fhdod .ekSug o Tjqyq n,dfmdfrd;a;= fj;s¡
BWTP cd,fhka ,nd fok iydhhka w;r YS% ,dxlsl idudðlhskag uE;l § yefkdahs yS §
mj;ajk ,o wdishdkq laIqøuq,H ixioh" ;dlaIKsl iydhl jevigyk ks¾udKfha mqfrda.dó jQ
BWTP ;dlaIKsl iydhl /iaùu jeks l,dmSh iïuka;%K yd jevuq¿j,g iyNd.S ùu i`oyd
wruqo,a ,nd §u we;=

• fhda.H fuj,ï( Odß;d j¾Okh fjkqfjka fjka lrk uqo,a j,g tfrysj Kh wruqo,a
jYfhka fhdojk uqo,a fuka u" rdcH yd nyq-wdxYsl jevigykaj, Kh wxY yryd muKg
jvd .,d tk wdOdr ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § we;af;a wiunr;djls¡ idudkHfhka m%d.aOkh
Odß;dj wkq.ukh l< hq;= h¡ Kh i`oyd wdfhdackh flfrk wruqo,a wka;¾.%yKh i`oyd
wjYH Odß;dfõ wvqjla we;¡
úu¾Ykhg wkqj" fmkakqï flfrk moaO;sfha øjYS,;djh ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § Kh
m%d.aOkh f,i úYd, wdfhdackhla lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ¡ wdOdr wdh;kj, ld¾hNdrh úh
hq;af;a foaYSh fjf

m%Odk wNsfhda.
YS% ,xldfõ laIqøuq,H lafIa;%hg È.= b;sydihla ;snqK o" wdh;k úYd, ixLHdjla laIqøuq,H
lghq;=j, fhÿK o" tajdfha ;sridrnj" mßkduh yd wka;¾lrK uq,H moaO;sh yd ne`ÿkq .eg¨
iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq lrkakg jD;a;slhka" m%;sm;a;s ilikakka yd wfkl=;a
mrÿNdrlrejka fm

YS% ,xldfõ CGAP CLEAR we.hSfuka o my; ±lafjk id¾j uÜgfï wNsfhda. fmkajd fokq ,nhs(
• iuDoaê nexl= iñ;sj, yd iuqmldr .%dóh nexl=j, we;s b;sßlsÍï wëlaIKh m%udKj;a
ke;¡ fuh by; lreK yd iïnkaOh¡ ±kg mj;sk moaO;sh hgf;a iuqmldr .%dóh nexl=
wëlaIKh flfrkqfha iuqmldr ixj¾Ok fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska m

iSudjka o úYd, yd fõ.fhka jefvk" wruqo,a imhk by< uÜgfï wdh;k jYfhka ksl=;a
lsÍug leue;s Kh wdOdr m%udKhkag jvd jeä m%udKhla ,nd .ekSfï fkdyelshdj o
laIqøuq,H wdh;kj, Wkkaÿj fkdue;sùug fya;= úh yels h¡
foaYSh jdKsc uq,H wdh;kj,g f;d. Kh ksl=;a lsÍfï wdh;k f,i ld¾hNdrhla bgq l<
yels jqj o laIqøuq,H lafIa;%hg wj;S¾K jkakg Tjqka miqng jkafka th wjodkï jeä
l%shdldrlula f,i Tjqka i,lk fyhsks¡ iqkdñ jevigyka wjika ùu;a iu. wdOdr
wdh;kj, wruqo,aj, o wvqùula olakg ,efí¡ fyd`Èka l%shd;aul jk laIqøuq,H wdh;k
ms

• wdOdr wdh;k Odß;d j¾Okh iïnkaOfhka orkafka iSñ; wjOdkhla neõ i`oyka flreKq
CLEAR úu¾Ykh u.ska wdOdr wdh;k úiska Kh §u i`oyd wruqo,a iïmdokhg tfrys j
Odß;d j¾Okh .;a l, we;af;a wiunr;djla nj fmkajd ÿks¡
• rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk - laIqøuq,H wdh;kj,ska ieÿï ,;a cd,hla jk ,xld laIqøuq,H
jD;a;slhkaf.a ix.uh (LMPA) ixj¾Okh ie,l+ l, ;ju;a we;af;a uq,a wjia:dj, h¡
lafIa;%h fjkqfjka bÈßm;a ùug yd thg y`vla ,nd §ug Yla;su;a jD;a;slhkaf.a ix.uhla
i`oyd m%Odk wjYH;djla we;¡ laIqøuq,H jD;a;slhkaf.a ix.uh úiska fï iïnkaOfhka hï
ueÈy;aùï we/Uqj o ;j fndfyda oE l< hq;= j we;¡ laIqøuq,H jD;a;slhkaf.a ix.uh úYd,
laIqøuq,H wdh;k lsysmhla úiska yiqrjk w;r i;H jYfhka u lafIa;%fha ksfhdackhla
i`oyd m

ms

GTZ iólaIKfha § o ld¾huKav, .eg¨ fndfyda wdh;kj, m%Odk wNsfhda. 5 w;rg
jeáK¡ tfia jqj o" tu .eg¨j,g fya;= wdh;k j¾. wkqj fjkia úh¡ iuDoaê nexl= iñ;s
fiajlhka muKg jvd jeä ùfï .eg¨jg uqyqK fokafka foaYmd,ksl wruqKq

hgf;a ,efnkakd jQ úYd, wruqo,a m%udKh ksid ;sridr meje;afï ienE is;=ju ie`.fõ¡
Kh l

iudc iqnidOl wdh;k f,i ia:dms; jQ rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk - laIqøuq,H wdh;k m%n,
mqfrda.dó idudðlhska fyda mjq,a lKavdhï úiska wdh;kh ish wdêm;Hhg hg;a lr .kakd
w;r mQ¾K jYfhka ;SrK .ekSfï n,h ,nd .kS¡ fndfyda wjia:dj, § fuu lKavdhï
úiska we;s lrk úfrdaOh úksúoNdjfhka hq;= md,k l%shdud¾. y`ÿkajd §fï § ndOdjla nj
ikd: ù we;¡
• wdh;ksl ixialD;sh .;a l, fndfyda rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk - laIqøuq,H wdh;k ;ju;a
iudc iqnidOk udkisl;ajhlska hq;= j lghq;= lrhs¡ tjeks fndfyda laIqøuq,H wdh;k
;ju;a laIqøuq,H jHdmdr yd m%cd ixj¾Ok lghq;= tlsfklg noaO lr .ksñka taldnoaO
m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lrhs¡ flfia jqjo w;f,diaila muK jQ laIqøuq,H wdh;k ish u;jdo
yd wdl,am fjkia lr .ksñka" iajdëk laIqøuq,H wdh;k f,i ,shd mÈxÑ lsÍu yryd" ish
laIqøuq,H jHdmdrh wfkl=;a ls%hdldrlïj,ska fjka fldg we;¡ fuu wdh;kj,g msßjeh
ld¾hlaIu;dj yd ;sridr meje;au iïnkaOfhka jvd Yla;su;a jQ b,lalhla we;¡
rcfha md,kh hgf;a mj;sk laIqøuq,H wdh;k j, bÈß .ukg ks,OdÍjdofhka yd
Oqrdj,shkaf.ka o ld¾hidOkhg wkqj iEysulg m;a fkdúh yels uÜgfï Èß §ukd
jkaf.ka o" ndOd we;s fõ¡ tys m%;sM,hla f,i fuu wdh;kj, j¾Okh fiñka isÿ jkafka
rg mqrd mq¿,a f,i jHdma; jQ YdLd cd, o ;sìh § h¡
• úksúoNdjh yd m%ñ;slrKhla fkdue;slu( iuia;hla jYfhka úksúoNdjhla olakh
fkd,efnk w;r b;d u m%d:ñl jQ uq,H fkdjk l%shdldß;ajh yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re
;r.ldÍ fkdjk wfkl=;a laIqøuq,H wdh;k iu. fnod .ekSfï ue

j fyda wjfndaOhla ke;¡ ,xld laIqøuq,H jD;a;slhkaf.a ix.uh úiska we/Uqkq lafIa;%hg
wod< o;a;.nvdjla f.dv kex.Sfï ld¾hh fuu lafIa;%h jvd úksúoNdjfhka hq;= tlla
lsÍug yd m%ñ;sh yd iïnkaO ñkqïo`vq y`ÿkajd§ug;a tla mshjrls¡
• ;dlaIKfha iSñ; Ndú;h¡ úêu;a uq,H lafIa;%h ;=< ;dlaIKh Ndú;h mq¿,a j jHdma; j
;snqK o laIqøuq,H lafIa;%h ;=< tyd Ndú;h b;d iSñ;h¡ m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=j,g mjd
mß.kl moaO;s y`ÿkajd ÿkafka miq.sh mia jir ;=< h¡ ta uhsfl%dnEkal¾ uDÿldx.h ia:dms;
lrñks¡ fiajd ,nd§fï ;dlaIKh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu yd .kqfokq lghq;=j, úhoï wvq lsÍu
i`oyd f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Ndú;h ms

• uq,H lafIa;%h ;=< Yla;su;a há;, myiqlï¡ idudkHfhka Y%S ,xldfõ uq,H lafIa;%fha
fjf

weñKqu 1( YS% ,dxlSh o;a; igyk
ks¾Kdhl
j¾Ih
2005 2006 2007
uq¿ ck.ykh ^Z000& 19"668 19"886 20"010
jd¾Isl ck.yk j¾Ok fõ.h ^]& 1¡00 1¡10 1¡10
wd¾Ól l%shdldß;ajfhka hq;a ck.ykh ^]& ^2004& ld¾;=j 4
mqreI 66¡7 63¡7 64¡8
ia;%S 33¡3 36¡3 35¡2
cd;sl oßø;d uÜgu ^re¡& 1"526 ^2004& 2"233 2"233
oßø;d uÜgfuka my< isák ck.ykh $oßø;djfha YS¾I
o¾Ylh& ^]& 22¡7 ^2002& 15¡2 15¡2
idlaIr;djh ^]& - 2003$2004 92¡5 95¡8 92¡5
mqreI 94¡5 94¡8 94¡5
ia;S% 90¡6 96¡6 90¡6
tÉ¡ whs¡ ù¡ taâia ^]&

weñKqu 2( nexl= iy nexl= YdLd ixLHdj
j¾.h 2006
wjik ^w&
2007
wjik ^wd&
n,m;% ,;a jdKsc nexl=
1¡ n,m;% ,;a jdKsc nexl= uq¿ ixLHdj 23 23
foAYSh nexl= 11 11
úfoaYSh nexl= 12 12
2¡ n,m;% ,;a jdKsc nexl= YdLd yd fiajd ia:dk uq¿ ixLHdj 3"537 4"203
YdLd 1"737 1"934
foaYSh nexl= YdLd 1"675 1"758
m%Odk YdLd 1"171 1"253
È.=j$f.ùï ld¾hd,$fiajd ljq¿ 492 493
úfoaYSh YdLd 12 12
úfoaYSh nexl= YdLd 62 176
YdLd 39 42
fjk;a fiajd ia:dk 23 174
n,m;% ,;a úfYaIs; nexl=
1¡ n,m;% ,;a úfYaIs; nexl= uq¿ ixLHdj 14 15
m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= 6 6
cd;sl b;sßlsÍfï nexl=j 1 2
È.=ld,Ska Kh §fï wdh;k 3 3
ksjdi ixj¾Ok uq,H wdh;k 2 2
fm!oa.,sl b;sßlsÍï yd ixj¾Ok nexl= 2 2
2¡ n,m;% ,;a úfYaIs; nexl= YdLd yd fiajd ia:dk uq¿ ixLHdj 591 627
YdLd 379 402
m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= 204 215
cd;sl b;sßlsÍfï nexl=j 114 115
È.=ld,Sk Kh §fï wdh;k 11 13
ksjdi ixj¾Ok uq,H wdh;k 28 28
fm!oa.,sl b;sßlsÍï yd ixj¾Ok nexl= 22 31
fjk;a fiajd ia:dk 34 47
YsIH b;sßlsÍï tall 178 178
nexl= YdLd yd fjk;a fiajd ia:dk uq¿ ixLHdj 4"128 4"830
iajhxl%Sh fg,¾ hka;% uq¿ ixLHdj 1"155 4"122
úoaHq;a wruqo,a yqjudre myiqlï yd úl=Kqï ia:dk.; hka;% uq¿
8"753 12"214
ixLHdj
nexl= Odß;dj( mqoa.,hska 100"000lg we;s n,m;% ,;a jdKsc nexl=
8¡7 9¡7
ixLHdj
uQ,dY%h( YS% ,xld uy nexl=j" YS% ,xld rlaIK uKav,h" iuDoaê wêldßh" CGAP CLEAR úu¾Ykh - YS% ,xldj
57

wfkl=;a uq,H wdh;k ixLHdj
j¾.h 2006 2007
1¡ ,shdmÈxÑ uq,H wdh;k 31
2¡ úfYaIs; l,anÿ iud.ï 20
3¡ m%d:ñl .kqfokqlrejka 11
4¡ fjf

weñKqu 3( laIqøuq,H wdh;k j¾.j, me;slvla
• m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= yd wfkl=;a n,m;% ,;a úfYaIs; nexl= - rfÜ iEu N+f.da,Sh
l,dmhla u wdjrKh jk mßÈ m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl= 6 la ^l`ÿrg" rcrg" reyqK"
inr.uqj" W!j iy jhU& we;¡ W;=re m

lrhs¡ YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska yßhdldr kshdukhla yd wëlaIKhla fkdue;s iuDoaë
nexl= iñ;s úiska úYd, m%udKfhka b;sßlsÍï iïmdokfha we;s wjodku fmkajd fohs¡
w¾nqoldÍ jd;djrKhla mj;sk W;=re m

weñKqu 4( wdYs%; m%ldYk
• Asian Development Bank – Key Indicators 2007, Inequality in Asia
wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j - m%Odk ks¾Kdhl 2007" wdishdfõ widudkd;au;d
• Bank of Ceylon Annual Report 2007
,xld nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj 2007
• Central Bank of Sri Lanka - Annual Report 2007
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj 2007
• Central Bank of Sri Lanka – Financial Stability Review 2007
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - uq,H ia:dhs;dj ms

weñKqu 5 - jeo.;a wdh;ksl in`o;d
YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
;eme,a fmÜÜh 590
30 ckdêm;s udj;
fld

ma,Eka YS% ,xld
ma,Eka YS% ,xld ld¾hd,h
wxl 06" laf,ika fmfoi
fld