10.07.2015 Views

El experimento AMS-02 como un observatorio de rayos gamma ...

El experimento AMS-02 como un observatorio de rayos gamma ...

El experimento AMS-02 como un observatorio de rayos gamma ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS
  • No tags were found...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

•–Œ]—˜Œš˜‘›Qœ–˜ŒŽ˜Œšž—Ÿ“-• “


1¡£¢¥¤§¦ ¨© ¨£!#" $&%!'(# *)+-,.+/')* 0+21 3!)%546+7(*# $8'9%0:;=,?&'@-0+A,3'9%046&'9+B(*!&=,;&'f%! O3$&%0+=7$8@NO3OuQ='9,?@"38L$8&,T$&%!@NO3+=? O€)*@>"@N!@N* OY)%0"@N U p \N+FD%0&',;@='P$8@NO3b.+=Oq +-,.+/'9+-%0OY)*&Q='9+/'946] O_ ~Q='f,?@AER,?@='i93?+=OI1 +=0%0%5&3"3+7 OR ;+=OI1 +=0%5%0XEJ Oa5+=%!QN.+=04K OY)*]%0O.*@NO3"3+/:.0 X%046+=k" ;*@={„)†…i+/'H"\N@='Q=],;@='i€%0Op om;%!&'Pl*‡[ 0@NnPĤUgwi+=!@NOQ=-,?@='#46%`,.'@=,.%!@a+/,;@>"@Uw+/'90%!)*@N&< ‰ 'f+=O3$8 $&+>< ‰ '9+=OT


%5O3+-Ea.O€,3'9%04K&'I+/'9) 1 C $&3!@K(H,?@NO&' OP g$&3''F1 C $&3534PU,~+/'9+-,?@"&'IM.+=$8&'G0+-)*xkM@=,?#)M *H9M@=')I0%0O3 k%5OayOQN0%09MRQ=@6.O3O@=)%0$8 "P%0Oa@='9"3&'I)*@6+ D=@N%0"d)MH0+=OQN.+/Q=H$8 O3*@='9M.%!,€)M3+/)0 "R)M.%0W)M3 %0k)*@-:;]…I'9%0)*)* Oa%5ORyOQN0%0MgU^šj@=))M.+/)kx0%!‘=#%!)k+=OYEJ:?&)*)*&')M3+=O_,~+=O3%0MT


U U¤ U œg@Nj$8@NOY)+="@=' G"H)%! 46,;@K"D> !@d V>= ‰ ŸSUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU


U / UrxzOY)*'@".3$&$&% 19U21U p OI1 99 ¢¡¤£¤ ¦¥¨§©§¡¤§@N46%0$8@N URUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU 9 1U21U¤ U Î $9M.+/q&@a"{„@NO3"@6"3'9+ E=@N]$T1¤U21U U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NO_+=OQN35+/'ŒUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU 90:¤U21U 6 U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NOP O&'Q‹1 &)%0$&+ UHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A ¤¤U21U 9 U Î 30)+="@NI$8@NOd.OP$&+=4K,?@J46+/QNOk1 &)%0$8@a"H4K O@='j%5O^)* O39%0"3+="TUkUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A¤¤ U¤ Utw+/,.+=$&%0"3+=" j" gykw p œsUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A0AU¤ U / U ! $&$&% 1 @NO_"3H3$8 *@N£UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A0A¤U¤ U21U p $8&,3)+=O.$&%0+KE¥1 +/' +K&{„ $8)%!D/+UUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A0A¤@N46%0$8@N URUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A0AU¤ U¤ U Î $9M.+/q&@a"{„@NO3"@6"3'9+ E=@N]$T1¤gykw p œ UHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A :@NO_+=OQN35+/'I"U¤ U 6 U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NOP O&'Q‹1 ¤¤ U¤ U U Î *@N0.$&% 1&)%0$&+R" gyiw p œ UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU A :¤ U U•‡W' *)+=$&%!@NO3 I{„' O^)*7+6yk›#Ĝy V E_›#œ p V UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU : 3U 6 Utwi@NO3$&03%0@NO UHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU : 1¤),¥ T I I V¥T " © T ¥UT I © U¥ " ©%H§H§ " * P - D @NO€E€@=:>*&)%!D=@NhUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU : A/ UrxzOY)*'@".3$&$&% 1 U$8'f%!,T$&% 1 @NOP" g"3%5*,?@N%!)%!D=@A8L,?&'9%54K O^)+=dUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU :0:U21U•c]U21U / U yWg+=$8 !&'f+="@='G‡ia" [wiyĵš UBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU :0:1 @NOP"B!@N"3&)* $8)*@=' UUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU :0:U21U21Uwk@NOb3QN'f+=$&%U21U¤ U V @N46+J"B"3+/)*@N UBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU ;Ut>@={|) …k+/'A"H%04A30+=$&%F1 @NORE€' $8@NO.*)*'93$&$&% 1U¤@NO UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU ; AU U•ĵ 3!)+="3@NUBUHUHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU ; AU U / U p 0%5O +=46%! OY)*@ UUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU ; AU U21U Î O3"3%546%! OY)*@-"3 g"&)* $8)*@=' — $&+=0%!:3'9+=$&%0@NO UBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU ;0;U U¤ U Î O3"3%546%! OY)*@-"3 g"&)* $8)*@=' — $&03*)*&'9£UHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 3 /U U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NOP *,.+=$&%5+=UUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 3 9UU 6 U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NOP O_4K@N46 O^)*@ UHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /0/UU U 9 U>3$8 *@NG$8@NO_$8@NO^D=&'9)%0"@=' UHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /0/¦:UBAYU Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NOP O&'Q‹1 U&)%0$&+J,.+/'9+-{„@=)*@NO UHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 1 3U : U Î *@N0.$&% 1 @NO_+=OQN35+/',.+/'9+-{„@=)*@NO UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 101UU 6 U•ĵ 34K O€UUBUHUHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 101[ ) I §(©¨¥¨&KSC TT& & T T §(T ¥ © V TU / UrxzOY)*'@".3$&$&% 1 @NORUHUHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / 1 ;6U21U = '9%!Q= O_"H0@N'9+ E=@NjQN+=4646+6"3B+=!)+- O&'Q31 C +_UHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤ 36U¤ U = :.*&'D/+/)*@='9%!@NI"3'9+ E=@NGQN+=4646+ UHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤P/6U¤ U / U cG&)* $8)*@='9 G O_ T *,.+=$&%!@ UHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤P/6U¤ U21U cG&)* $8)*@='9 G O_)%!&''9+ UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤ 16U¤ U¤ U y L>,;&'f%04K OY)*@NI"H+=*)*'@NO3@N4_1 C +-QN+=4646+ UHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤6U U•ĵ 34K Od")* 46+=j"3H{‚1 C %0$&+-" *)+=$&+="@NJUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU / ¤0:6!#>I § T I I GF S[HO I 5T@NORUHUHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦6=¤O.+=g"H3O3+-{Ž OY)*H,.3OY)3+= — T,1 30+/'I"¢ 5+ UBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦6=¤+=0%5%0i"H0+K*}+=0%5%0i"H0+K*}9 U¤ U p OI1O.+=g"H3OS›ĵ UHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦606O.+=g" T *,? $8)*'@R"3%!{Ž3*@AQN+= 1+=0%5%0i"H0+K*}9 U U p OI1+=$8)%0$8@dUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦60:+=0%5%0i"H3O3+KY}9 U 6 U p OI1O3+=g"H46+/)*&'f%0+K@N$&'f+ UHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦9 39 U 9 U•ĵ 34K O€UUBUHUHUUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUHUUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUUHUBUHUUHUHUU /¦9 1" ¥U I ¨¥ SI #!


¢ V¤£ T I § -# &W T §(©R ) +.- A¡¤£ ¥¨§©§¡¤§" ¥U !I ) ¨ " )ZI '&W TH ¨¥ ¡ © 5¥ I §(© ¥ S - D ¨


: ¢¡¤£¤ ¦¥¨§©§¡¤§


3O3%0@1 303 9 ŸH,.+/'9+ds O3+=47:.0+Z*-(ƒ4K@NOY)+ZzRb.O3+=Š Ou wiyWĜš O 1 303AF 1 303 : Em9s,?@N*)*&'9%!@=' OYD;1‰ ¡ n£¢S` o ¤ ~:e¥ ¢ ¨§¦ ¨ ¨ ¢ ¨ © £ £¦½Ê–³ ªpÄ2¨¨¦© ª½¦ ¤OY)*@ p ov / Ž"3 `%0OQN¡1 £ £ § ! " ¡ # ¡J,?@='I [O@N47:3'B@='f%!QN%0O3+=T"A0+yWg8L>,?&'9%04K1 @NO_y*,.+=$&%0+=?xzOY)*&'9O3+=$&%!@NO3+=„Ÿ)%! O$8@N4K@6@=:>*&)%!D=@6,.'9%0O3$&%!,~+=~0+-4K ".%0"3+-"H!@Ni *,? $8)*'@Nj"'9+ E=@Ny*)+=$&%@N946%0$8@N-$&+/'QN+="@N- Or k O^)*@='fO@v"3a0+ V %!&''f+d$8@NOrQ='9+=Or *)+="g1 C )%0$&+dEu,3' $&%0%F1 @NOTU[y*)*R8L>,?&'9%04K OY)*@$T1*)+=$&+>


p SI 5T T T p SI 5T T TH5§ 5T


Q T ¡3I @ I &* 5 I " ©%'&*TH©% I ¡ § £¨¡ § ¨ * OY)%! O3"7(Y,.'@$8 "3 OP"3%!' $8)+=4K OY)*B"70+={Ž O^)* j(YH0@N,3'@>"33$8 OTU‡[@='3?,©£¢ ¤¥¤ ¥ §¦ §¦©¨ /¦6§¦©¡p ov;%0" O3$&%5+=%0O>‡‹+/'f+$8)+=#" x*oS‡W# Om+=O@N46+=e1 C +=G Os0@NG ,; $8)*'9@N"7'f+ E=@NH$T1 @N4J%0$8@N&UTœg@N xzoS‡W#'9 46+=O OY)* " ".%!'*&QN3%0'F1 C +=OŒ+=O3%5(Y3%5 1 +=O3"@N*K OY)*'€ 1 C +S3OŒ'f%!)4K@S4AEs:.+Z*@d,?&'@v(Y3J,?@"3'F1 C +P"‚+/'.O3%!D=&'9*@d,3'9%04K@='f"3%0+=00+H' $8@NO@>$&%!:.!I Oa *)*@Nk *,? $8)*'@N $8 *@a@=:.*&'9Dƒ+="@J,;@='>?Gy p V G%!QNO3%!b~$&+/)%!D=@


Q T ¡= )*'9+=K *,? $&%! R$8@N4K@Œ :?@='@Œ+/,~+/' $8 O2 O2!@NK'9+FE=@NR$T1@NO-+=$8&'9$&+H" 05+=46+="@ .' ¥ ¨¡I H§( " I ¤@=)*@=,;@N &kHE ¦&kB*@NO€ *)+/:.0 H%0O *)+/:~! i' *,? $8)%!D/+=4K OY)*=U.yWT$8@>$&%! OY)*B"+=4B:?@N,~ "œg@NI%0.1/ U¤ E / U U b.QN'9+=¤£ % & 8'&(- $¥¡ £¢ ¤ ¢ ¦¥ ¦¨§¦© §¥¢ ¤ ¨§ £¢ ¦ /¦9^$&+=*@#"W(0@Ng'9+FE=@N‹$T1 @N946%0$8@N‹"&)* $8)+="@N‹)* OQN+=OAH@='9%0Q= OH OA0+I+=$8 !&'9+=$&%F1 @NOB O7{„3 O^)* ‹"yWOB1 C $&.0+=["3k+=!)+] O&'9Q31 C +>,?&'9%04K OY)*@NyW^)*'f%0O@N+/)4K@N*{ 1 &'9%0$8@N&U"HOO^)*7"" )*&'9%!@ (Z,.'@=)*@NO i *)31 +K0%0QN+="@K$8@NOP0+=i *)%046+=$&%0@NO *@=:3'0+A "3+="P"3 T–GO3%0D=&'9*@$&%!`" )*&'9%!@6.O3+- *,? $&%!H(HO@6*B"3 *)*'9E=,?@='j4K $&+=O.%04K@NI+=)*'@={‚1 C %0$8@N@='9".%0O3+/'9%!@N U+=g*&'I0QN3O@Ni+=OI1 +=0%09%0X' $&%0 O^)* ¤P/ )+=47:.%¡1 OP+/,.3OY)+=O€+=; *)3"3%!@-"#0+=i+/:.3O3".+=O3$&%0+=k" )*&'9%!@AE ?GpC +6"HO3$&!&@NF1 C O^)* 9%0i,3'9%046@='9"3%0+=˜U$8@N4K@J,.'9&:.+="H5+-)*&@='F1(Y3Y} O3+646+=+>)*'9+/&'J$8@NO3$&0.%!@NO -+=$8&'9$&+s"P0+m"3%5*)*'9%!:..$&% 1 @NOu"P0+=A{Ž OY)* 6",?@='-5+s›+=0+ƒL>%5+>U€,;@>"'.1E=@NR$T1 @N46%0$8@NJ$8@NOt4K "3%0".+=- O“0+v'&QN% 1 @NOt"P!@NJ›#&¢7%5*)* O“Q='9+=O3"3 K"3%0$8'&,~+=O3$&%0+='9+ O^)*'9H8L,?&'9%54K O^)*@N UI @ I &* 5 I I¦ V¥VTH© I@N4J%0$8@N6,3'f%0O3$&%!,.+=54K O^)*€$8@N4K@Œ,.'@".3$8)*@N$&3O3"3+/'9%0@NG,?@='$8@N0%09% 1 @NOS"3A'f+ E=@NB$T1 @N946%0$8@N#,3'9%546+/'9%!@N]4t1 +=#,? +="@N&


§¦©¡ © §¦©¨§ / A,-.0/2143587£¢;9[lnG< ADTcbdERQTUHIV; GYs ADTcb ER?TUHNVx G R©H4RQTU§¦}_©¨s¦[


U 6 ŸG Os.O3+1¥¡ £¢ ¤ ¢ ¦¥ ¦¨§¦© §¥¢ ¤ ¨§ £¢ ¦ /¦:("8'¢¡ +") ' $ (1¤£+.&+6/1¥£0&("8'("8'¦£ (¤£!"X8L>)*' 46+=k" 3 OY)*@='9O@A *,.+=$&%0+=.E6" ."3 *,?&QNG$8@NO3".3$8 OJ+73O@N' (Y.%0%!)*@N )1 &'94J%œ`+=k$8@NO3"3%0$&%!@NO3,? *@#E7 $8@NO334K@# ¡1 $8)*'9%5$8@U{z1" 4t1 += 5+7%0OY)*&'D= O3$&%F1 @NOaM346+=O.+B,?@N*)*&'9%0@='k+-0+A%0O3*)+=$&%F1 @NOJ *)31 +A,3'~1 +=$8)%0$&+=4K OY)*H" $&+/')+="3+ — ?%5*)* 46+pO3+="@R$8@NOv9b.$&%! OY)*B+=)*@NO@N4d1 C +JEP'9 "33O3"3+=O.$&%0+-,.+/'9+R3O_:.3 Od{Ž3O3$&%!@NO.+=46%! OY)*@J"3'9+=OY)*M.+J"A*&']".%0*}O@N&U D/+/'9%!@Nj+.}W8L,?&'9%046 O^)*@


3€›]¢AU¦ 3,< 3 / 3 ¦ 3,< 3 /¦9 U1@%5+>U @N46%5$8@NI(*) 3 ).+).(76 "*9-).(£$+71 ¡'"$68+,#$9 ).("! + 9 ).(76#*9 1 ($ ( 9 +%$ 03 ? U21_+ 1 303v›]&¢£$8@NOŒ3O“1 C O3"3%0$8œ`+P4K*,? $8)*'9+=3"7 1@%0"3+R""3&:.+Zz@€"XEK!&,.)*@NO &


§¦©¡ @© §¦©¨ 1 /© ( §¨ ‡X'@=,?@='9$&%0@NO3+/'I0+K$&'D/+/)'9+K"3H0+=)*'9+/q +=G,.+/'9+Kd+=OI1 ££¢[£Å1È ¬465*/$8)+G%5" O^)%0b.$&+=$&% 1 @NO"'9+ E=@N‹$T1 @N46%0$8@N[E0+I4K ".%0"3+"W9H *,? $8)*'@G,.+=+,?@='[5+I"&)*&'946%5O3+=$&% 1 @NOœ`+j$8@='9'"3]D/+/'9%0+=i,.'@=,.%! "3+="3 k"3#0@N46%04K@N — 5+A$&+/'9QN+KERP9%!QNO@ T4K@N4K OY)*@6ER5+A4J+=+>U;wk@NO€ *)+K46&)+K OO^)*=


( §¨ œ[+R"3%5$8'9%046%5O3+=$&% 1 @NOP OY)*'A ! $8)*'@NO K„,?@N%!)*'@NO3 fŸE_+=OY)%!,3'9@=)*@NO K„,3'@=)*@NO fŸj OY)*' / U 6©¤ 303a›#&¢7U E¥¡ £¢ ¤ ¢ ¦¥ ¦¨§¦© §¥¢ ¤ ¨§ £¢ ¦ 101C @a„b3QN'f+ / U ; ŸfUY‡Š+/'9+7J$8@=''9 $8)*@7{Ž3O3$&%!@NO.+=46%! OY)*@U :09dV Ouu$8 O^)*'@U‹œg@NH".%!,?@N!@N"K'&)*@='9O3@d46%0O3%546%!q +=Ov Ou!@P,?@N%0:.!A W$&+=4K,?@_46+/QNOk1 &)%0$8@".+="Œ"%0"33+={Ž&'9+H"3 3$&%00%0O."'@#" %0*)* 4J+J„&D%0)+=O3"@H)*@='9( W,; 5%!Q='@N*@NŠ,.+/'f+H0+# *)*'9.$8)'9+H4K $T1 +=O.%0$&+>)*' 4K@€%0O{„&'9%!@='IEZ101 3a$&4 OSS8L>)*' 4K@€,?&'9%!@='I OSb3:3'f+6"7$&+/'9:;@NO3@JEP,.+=O3+=‹"A+=0346%0O.%!@U~>]"A3O@N 9 3a$&4PUg>d%5O^)*&'9%0@='j,3' O^)+ ¤ 1 : 421 @N"33!@NG"3%0*,.3 *)*@NI O 1 3RO.%!D= ! &U;w+="3+R421 @N"33!@+=0)'9+6)31 +s$8@NO3*)%!)3%5"@S,?@='- i'9+="3%5+="@='_„,;@N5%!,3'@=,.%5! O@ (Z,?@N0%!&)%00 O@


§¦©¡ @© §¦©¨ 1 ¤gyiw p œXU @NOP$8@NO_¢ (& )-(918¦+"3 ( &57& 3¡5 8' 574 £ ( 3¡5 ¡¡/¡5B: ( ¢ ¤£ # ¨§¦¡¤£© ( §¨ $ § £¡ " ?"&)* $8)*@='I,.+/'9+7,.+/') 11 3>U $&+/'9QN+£),+¨ : 3¡5 8¦5B)@8'( & 3¡5 8'&+ + & 3¡5 &('!:*'!) ' ( ¢ £ ¤ ¦©¨§¦¡§¦¡© ( §¨ od "3%0".+J"-0+R'9%!QN%0"&q€ ) OvQN%!QN+FD=@N!)%!@N7›#¢Ÿf


§¦©¡ @© §¦©¨ 1 61 @NOP" *)*7)%!,?@- OP T *,.+=$&%0@ / U,.'9%04K&'9+-+/,.5%0$&+=$&%$8)*@='# O p omY4351d„b.QN'9+ / U / 1NŸj,?@NOH3O.+K+=4K,.0%0+=$&%F1 @NO€E€46‚z@='9+J' *,? $8)*@J" `,3'9%046&',3'@/yWg"&)*3+K OS `* O@a" `$&+=46,;@R46+/QNO1 &)%0$8@P"3%!,?@N0+/'I" [%04t1 +=OTU?>_,3'f%0O3$&%!,.%0@A"B{„3O.$&%!@NO3+=46%! OY)*@)*@=)%0,;@UTB%0);1K:.+=+€ Om $8@N4K,?@=')+=46%0 O^)*@_"6.Os"&)*&'946%0O.+="@R)%0,;@P"K46+/)*&'f%0+= * 46%0$8@NO."33$8)*@='B+=Š,.+=@_"K3O3+1 C $&30+d%!@NO3%!q +=OY)*=U[œ[+_'9%!QN%5"&qJ"J5+=B,.+/'9) 1 C $&30+=HR$&+=0$&35+d4K "3%5+=O^)*R +Z3*)*a"R3O.+_$&'D/+d+S!@N,~+/')O3&'Q31 C +A"&,?@N%!)+="3+7 Oa ;9%00%0$&%!@,~3O^)*@Ni"#%04K,~+=$8)*@7'&QN%5*)*'9+="@N&Uœ[+7$&+/'QN+K]"&)*&'f46%0O3+A+A,.+/')%!'i"#0+BO^)+=$&%F1 @NOa"3#5+H)*'9+/q +- Oa ?$&+=4K,?@A4J+/QNO1 &)%0$8@U;wk@NOa g V c ],.'&)* O3"#+=0$&+=Oq +/' ,.+/'f+7O#1 .$&!&@NER0+B@='f%!5%!@< *)*H"3&)* $8)*@='j*&'.1 +-" $8'f%!)*@- OP"&)+=0!] O€ ‡[@='I9R'9C )3!@J1U $&+/,[1,-.L/2143 5875' i9.¢Y>ADMA@0R?D@CMOEdG


§¦¡¡ ¨ : 3¡5 8¦5B)@8'( & 3¡5 +"12'!:*: (9& £¢ 5 &571¥¤ ( ¡£¢ §¦& ©¨ ¨© ( §¨ od "3%0".+"m0+D= !@>$&%0"3+="E2 ]Dƒ+=0@='€+/:~*@N0)*@•"m0+$&+/'9QN+>UIyWOh$8@N4B:.%5O3+=$&% 1/¦6 ›]&¢*(ƒO3$&!g1+/,?&')3'9+ © " `$8@NO3@a"70qHQ= O&'f+="@a+=0' " "@=']"70+6)*'9+ E= $8)*@='9%5+a"370+K,~+/') 1/ 32F€UTwk@N47:.%0O.+="@J$8@NOS ‹ V cA$&%0"3+=" $ §© 4K ".%0+=O^)*H5+-' 0+=$&% 1 @NO —'9/ U / ŸO3"@PJ ?1 C O3".%0$8W"k'&{„'9+=$&$&% 1 @NO-" 4K "3%!@Uƒ‡[@='Š@=)*'@0+="3@


§¦©¡ @© §¦©¨ 15A© ( §¨ o_ ".%0"3+ " 0+ O&'9Q31§¦¡£¢ £ 8'&(9& &(/¥¤&('!& 8¦5B4 +"& ¨ : ),+ : ( & $ %*465 8&( 5B: 5B)@8'&(46+./91 $ 5 8'!)-( ¢ ¨ % ¢ ¨§¦¡¡+ E ".%!' $&$&% 1 @NO£"¥,~+/') 1 C $&30+=• 0 $8)*'@N46+/QNOk1 &)%0$&+=&U_&,.+/'f+=$&% 1 @NOC@NO (ƒM3+="'~1 @NO2M3+=*)+ 6 303t›]&¢AUw+/,.+=$&%0"3+="h"S".%0*,.+/'@,.+/'9+u{|@=)*@NO P"3S46+=O&'f+%0O."&,? O3"3%! OY)*_+=0&,3)31*)31 +=O."3+/' U+=0Q=@='9%!)4K@6"H".%0*,.+/'@-OY)+/'B X{„+=$8)*@='-"K' $fM3+/q&@S!&,.)31 @NO (ƒM3+="'.1 @NOu+P *)+=A+=!)+=H O&'9Q31 C +=&)* O3%F1 @NOŒEm O&'Q31 C +d"&,?@N%!)+="3+_"3J0+"3j,;@N9%!:.!#$8@NOb3'94J+/'I_O3+/)'f+=!&q +K ! $8)*'@N4J+/QNO1 &)%0$&+JE€"&)*&'94J%0O3+/'IP O3&'Q31 C +>U$&+=9$&+="3+>< *)*H"3&)* $8)*@='j*&'.1 +-" $8'f%!)*@- OP"&)+=0!] O€ ‡[@='I9R'9C )3!@J1U $&+/,[1,-.L/2143$5075 ¤9.¢Y>ADMA@0RQD@CMOE G


-¨§TH©¦L ©%TH¡ ©i *)3"3%0@m"3a{Ž OY)* K,.3OY)3+=! -@s'9&QN%!@NO 6"&b~O3%0"3+=7 46%0*@='f+=6"€'9+ E=@NJQN+=4646+>"@NX"G)%! 4K,?@RŽ+~} O@NfŸW0+'f+="3%0+=$&% 1 @NOR$T1 @N46%0$&+>"j46+=O3&'9+‡‹@"'~1,3'@N!@NO3QN+="@U+_.Ou%04K,?@=')+=OY)*6:.+=O.$8@d"J,.'9&:.+=,~+/'9+_0+P)* $&O3@N!@=Q31 C +v"J%046+=O3 H,?&'9$8@NO3".3$8)*@=' H Ou &'.1: ¥¡ £¢ ¤ ¢ ¦¥ ¦¨§¦© §¥¢ ¤ ¨§ £¢ ¦ 1$&%5O3"3%!:.0X0+#$8@='' $8)+' $8@NO.*)*'93$&$&% 1 @NOK"3I0+#"3%!' $&$&% 1 @NO-"I%5O3$&%0" O3$&%5+I OK$8@@='9" O3+="3+=W+=*)*'@NOI1 @N46%5$&+=%54K,3'3OJ)%!,?@U^yW)+7%0O3{|@='94J+=$&% 1"3G+=!Qi1@NOK ,3'@=,?@='9$&%!@NO3+=".+,?@='3OR%0*)* 46+7"@=:.!G"]wIwic##£¢ £¨¡ ¥¤¢ '- ¥ §© Ÿ-(P'&QN%5*)*'9+=Ot0+m@='f%! O^)+=$&%F1 @NO2" p omY4351m O2$&+=".+Œ%0O3*)+=OY)*d$8@NO3O3+m' *@N53$&% 1 @NO“"_,?@>$8@N$!&QN3O3"@NI"3H+/'9$8@U I I § & T¦¥¨§ -O^)* 6"3P'9+ E=@NRQN+=4646+Œ"3P'.1 +/,.%0"3+v&D=@N0.$&% 1 @NO „,?@='K‚z 46,.!@< *)+=05%0"@NK"P'9+FE=@N6QN+=464J+>)+/'* V 'f+=$‘=&'#$8@N4K@6 g%5*)* 46+J›#‡i€*B" 9$8'9%!:? O€$8@NOd46+FE=@='G"&)+=00 OP g$&+/,`1 C ).!@ 1UV% £:*'!),+") ' (1¡5B&>8¦5B) 10(9: $ ( /'!),+"&§¦¡"3%5$&%!@NO3+=04K OY)*=< p omY4351K9,?@NO3"'.1 +73O3+-3*)+=O.$&%0+=?{„3 O^)*H"%0O3{|@='94J+=$&% 1 @NOa,.+/'9+-{Ž)'9+=i46%09%!@NO pO3"3'.1 +S5+S&D=@N53$&% 1 @NO•* 46+=O3+=i"€!@NA *,? $8)*'@NKM3+=)+S iM3%0&''@U[y*)+m%0O{„@='946+=$&% 1 @NO,?&'*(Y3a*€)*+60+J+="3 $&3+="3+6,~0+=O3%!b.$&+=$&%F1 @NOd"A0+K,3'@=)* $&$&%F1 @NOvO3 $8 +/'9%0+J,.+/'9+J0@NG+=*)*'9@NO3+=)+=] OS.O_D> !@46%!)%!'~1*,.+=$&%!@aEdS"3%04K O.%!@NO3+="@


;…j%0$9‘YE=&UÎ&D;U /¦;=¤=¤ Ÿ 3 96- c#%!'9+=$/&U~›¤0; 1 303 / Ÿ / ¤ A/¦:- k'@N+="3M'9*)&


303 Ÿ 16- §© £ § ¨ £¨¡ § §© # £ ¥ § # ¡% £ £¨¡ § § ¤ 3 ¢¡ © k¢ ¢1 ¤- yXD/+=O3&i+/'…j%0$9‘~


E§@CBD@GRfBD:=O(E?@!BDOxShyGS=FCwA! ¢¤£~-s¥a'*¥51¦'l+$)§-s¥'*),¨N©3¨Nª«-s¥¬ª*4#£x4I154#+!‰ ¡£¢ ¢¥¤§¦ w ~¡©© © © © ¨#"$ %§&('*),+.-0/21315436 +(& !:;FIcdKeRf:;FgRCShO#i;S=E?:;FCjk`!Ml:=O_@G8e8L:mFD@nE§KeFD@po Pmb :qRf:hY798;:=A@CBD:(E?@9@GFDBIHJE§KL:NM§O#KQP§RCKLMJS=8=E?@UT(VXWZY\[;]$FD:;P^8L:;F_O#SG`=:;FaR,b:;c0@CBDOI:?jZBIS=8l`0Rf:;cs:sFD@(E?@GFIRfO#Ke


Pj[.r2NPj[kPL UYa r2[ ‘!aS’%JKacLWZPNV“b”(PLzUYa rq[798:2;=Ž?,AY?,D,FIHJK2LMON¦PjLzQSN(LH\UYWVK2XUKWZN¦X\[¤]¤N¤QSL^2U_LhPjLzK^kHLMbacX\[d^"P¤K2XU_[¤W‘_PjLW.L.X\qNV“e •¢¡¤£¦¥ §©¨¨©¤ ¥ ¦ !"¨©#%$¦%&('*),+.-=]H§SE§@tc0S=P?@COxS~@C‰Š@GRfBIKLƒkS…Rf:;cs:XH§P§S~RCShO#i;SE§@d@GP§8eS=Rf@GFzRf:€ƒhS=8L@GPZBD@GFsE?@G89FI@Gc0KeRf:;P§E§HJRfBD:=OrH§P0/214356X„pH?@†S=RfBlbP§SXRf:=OIO#Ke@GP‚BD@’S=8mShMJ8eKeRCShO#FI@ˆHJP RCS=csM*:|@G8xb @GRfBDO#KeRf:?wŽNS=E§SX@G8L@GRfBDOJb :;P³8QKLISX@GP³8eS…@GFDBDO#H§RfBIH§O#SM*@G„pH?@po:;P’RfOI@GS=P~Rf:=OIO#Ke@GP‚BD@t›ŠÇJi;H?O#S0]pwev€Ÿxw@G8e@GRfBDOI:;P?@GFq@GP’8eS2


ppm¡ v ¨©¨©£¢T¨¤¢ ¡¦¥¡ $k¦$c ! 2?,A¡ 2D¢FIHVUWVK2XUKW.NƒPLK^@M p [jP¤KQS[ŽPjLQ £¢ PL © §!#"$tzL^ LHVU!LoX\NgH[ŽX\[¤Mvr"K2LH\U_[ PL£¢¤¢ƒHL^qH[¤WZLHe f=[gH798:2;=L^‰N%’KQ “HLRqNdQnQSN¤^¦¥!L^"X\N¨§NjP[¤H¤©kL^EUW.LOP[gH¦H[.r2[¤WVU_LVH¦QSN¤WY|j[¤H(JK2LPNd^ WVa |dacPjL.’TN¤QsM p [P¤KQx[eGf4NHL^qH[¤W.LVHOPL¦HVanQmacXac[Ž‘^"NdQGPjLQ#QSNjP[X\N\rqNoPL(N\r"U_[¤^X\[¤^"PdK2X\L¦QSNkHLL^ŽMON¤WVW p [d^d“gtIM¦acL^EUW.NgHbJK2L¦QSNkHL ^"NdQGPjLQ#QSNjP[‘2t¢LVHhW.L.X\[.|dacPjNRrq[dWL^`QSN‚\NgHL¦PLQ4Mp LHRPLQIp[P¤KQx[kNOUYWZNd]} ‚WVacP[ ‰‘!]¤LW~U_LU_[\“e[¤^wPjLbQSNgH r"alHVU_NgHbPjLQ,QxNP[ ŽL^2UYWZLhQS[gHzHL^2H[¤WZLHRPLRK^`M p [jP¤KQS[798:q;=@?,A¡qD#FIHJK2LMONTPjLhK^Eaqp%('#)e798:2;=D [¤^=|KWZNXaqp [¤^‰PjLQsUYWZN¤^2Hr2[¤WVU_LOPLOQSNkHL ^"NdQ L^LQ#QxNP[(e¢N¤W.NM(Nd”[¤WOXQSNdWVacPNjPoHL¦MbK2LHVUW.N¤^?,ÄK^2a!X\[d^2U_NXU![{LQ¤p L%XUYWVacX\[ƒPLTP[¤HOPjLkLQnQS[gH\t¢anM9rQSN¤^EU!NjP[`H[‚WZL(QSNoQxN¤W|NoUYanWZǸX\NdM(L^2U_LXK2N¤UYWZ[THL^2H[dWZLH.t¢”{LQPL(N.r"U_[¤^ef=N[dUWZNzrqNdWZL§NkPLhHL^2H[¤WZLH~LHVU!NdWEp[¤^L%XUWVacX\NkN LQ¤p} NOK^EacPNkNQSN[dUWZNMbanU_NPTPLhQS[gHRX\N¤^N¤QSLHRPLRQSL\XUYKWZNR%('()e,FIHVU!NK^2aqpr2N¤W.LVHhL^EUW.LzQS[gH HL^2H[¤WZLH~L^ƒLQBQSNPj[kLH QSNkJK2LbPN[dWVa |jL^| K2L.PjNPPLQBQSNPj[Rt X\[¤MOL^EU!NjPNkL^ƒLQN(QxN(QnQSN¤MONPjNTNdM(‚aU_LU_[e


„2‡ 6š!„ZH?@mMl@COxc0KLBIKLOJb$R3„E3%š ‡¤n3gš ¦ – &% — H?O#S=PZBD@.@G8,MJOI:pRf@GFI:dE?@.RCS=8eKLv–')›²]pw;ŸG1 32!465 % žaShO#S2RCShO#S=RfBD@CO#KeyGShO$8eSr@GFDBISh


¢¡¤£¦¥ §©¨¨©¤ ¥ ¦ !"¨©#%$¦%&('*),+.-+;[A)B)¥¡¥ ¦¡¦¢¡¢ ¥¡¥ ¦¡¦¥¡¥ ¦¡¦ ¢¡¢¦¡¦ ¥¡¥¢¡¢¢¡¢Suceso kChip j=1Canales i=1,10Canal muertoCanal caliente¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢¢¡¢1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)¢¡¢1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)¤¡¤ £¡£¢¡¢C)D)contribucion<strong>de</strong>l common noise1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)E)K primσF)CLUSTER¡ ¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡K secσ¨¡¨ ¡ ¡ §¡§§¡§ ¨¡¨ ¡ ¡§¡§ ¡ ¡ ¨¡¨¡ ¡ ¨¡¨ §¡§¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¨¡¨ §¡§¨¡¨ §¡§¡ ©¡©¡©¡ ©¡©¡©¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¨¡¨ §¡§©¡©¡©¡ ¡¡¡¡ ¡¨¡¨ §¡§¡ ©¡©¡©¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡¡¡¡ ¡¨¡¨ §¡§¡ ©¡©¡©¡ ¡¡©¡©¡©¨¡¨ §¡§¡ ¡¡1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)¨¡¨ ©¡©¡© ¡ ¡ ¡ §¡§1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Canal (10 <strong>de</strong> 1<strong>02</strong>4)¡©¡©¡©¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡ ¡¡¡ ¡¡¨¡¨ ©¡©¡© ¡ ¡ ¡ §¡§¢NgH[¤HsrqNdWZN~QSNRWZL\P¤K2X\Xaqp [¤^oPLzPNdU![¤H PLvK^"N~M¦K2LH\UYWZNhPjLzP¤acL\’zX.Nd^"NdQSLVH PjLQEMbalHVMO[RX\¡a r‘ L §LMvr"QS[V“<strong>de</strong> © “798:2;=`?,A©CDN¤QSXKQS[kPjLQ#X.[dMbMO[¤^w^"[dalHL%e 9“G“bF QmanM¦an^"NXaqp [¤^ PL¦X\N¤^N¤QSLH~MbK2LWVU![¤H ”¦HN¤UYKWZNjP[gHe "“ {p¦N¤U_[gHh‚WVKU![¤He[d^ L.PdK2X\Xaqp@p K¡HJK2L\PNTPL ¥HLM¦anQnQSN ©€rqNdWZNLQ=X\Nd^"N¤Qxe,“ © ^"NPdacP[oPL¦X\N¤^N¤QSLH~HL.XK^"PjN¤WVac[¤HePjLQ#X.[dMbMO[¤^w^"[dalHL%e4F=“


v> '*E?:;P§E?@¨ [ (evm@GFa@G8p@GFDBIS=E?:.E?@G8£RCS=P§S=8Œ›¡RCS=PJS=8L@GF3crH§@COIBD:;FCj;RCS=P§S=8L@GFaOxH§KeE?:;FD:;F Ÿ (˜`' * B¥£¥¡1 ¡ ¡§ ¡# £¥© ,Bm¡ v ¨©¨©£¢T¨¤¢ ¡¦¥¡ $k¦$c !+§v£¥¤ *¢¡-›G!%ˆQŽ– Ÿ§¦©¨ .0/›²]pw®;ŸHJcs@COI:h1_„q6 ¦BD:=BIS=8gE?@.RCS=P§S=8L@GF$E?@G8,R#JKLMdMJShO#Ss8L:;Fq„pH?@.E§KQR#?:s@GFDBIS=E§:0@GF^vhw % Wp@.E§@CÇJP?@.Rf:;cs:d8QSsS=P§R#pH?O#S0E§@.8eSsE§KeFDBDOxKL.0/'©7v›²]pw7;Ÿ: £¥¡1 S! 8¡¤ ¡§)n_S=FzRf:;P§E§KeRCKL:;P§@GFrS=cr


¤¦¥ ¥a'l),+ ¥9£#¥51¦'l),+ ¥ ¨¨§(& 6C›¦IŸ£ / 1 4n›£Ÿ ›²]pw 2=Ÿ>¢¡¤£¦¥ §©¨¨©¤ ¥ ¦ !"¨©#%$¦%&('*),+.-+‚]798:2;=¦LU!L\X\Xaqp [d^ PL [¤U_[¤^LVHX\[d^ LQ ¢ be F€QIWZNd”[o|jNdMbMONƒHLoX\[¤^E]iacLWVU_L{L^ N¤Q | p K^ƒr"K^2U_[ƒL^*QSNrqNdWVU!L?,A©CC2DQqrqNdWRLQxL.XUYW p [¤^¡ rq[¤HVanUW p [d^ŽLH~WZL!|dalHVUYWZNPj[zr2[¤WRLQ=PLU_L.XU_[¤WRPLRUYWZNi’%NgHeHVK%r2LWVac[dWRPLQ#PjLU_L\XU_[¤We,F! £¢. ¢¤£~13¨q£#+m)Ž6¥a'*4#13+ucs@CBDOI:;F^@GP{FIHE?@CÇJP§KQRCKGb :;PXc³b S=F^


@fš£M*@CO#Kecs@GPZBD:ZŸxw§¦! ¢¤£r4#ª§'*¥ ¥ ¨©¨ -s¥ § !¡ 2¡ £¢ )c$d¨©¦¤ ¡£¢¥¤ )@¦&('*)B+.- +¤2c0@GE§KeE§S=FCw 0(P§S…ƒ=@Cy}OI@GRf:;P?:£RCKeE?:X@G8NRCS=csM*:?j5FD@ˆBDO#S=P§FD‰Š:=O#c0S…@G8NFIKQFDBD@Gc0SXE?@†OI@C‰‹@CO#@GP§RCKeSXE?@ˆ@G8mqŽ—¥S=8NE?@VXWlj,MJShO#Ŝ BD@GP?@COr8eŜ :=O#KL@GPZBIS=RCKGb :;P|ÇJPJS=83E?@G83E?@CBD@GRfBD:=OGw¦79FDBIŜ BDO#S=PJFD‰‹:=Oxc0S=RCKGb :;P|FD@0Ç=>DShOJb S†BDO#S=Fr8L:;F M§O#KQcs@COI:;FT:;P cdKeE§KL@GP§E§:}‰ŠH?@GPZBD@GF2KePZBD@GP§FIS=FCwaŒ:;F2FIH§Rf@GFI:;FzE§@tT V…WFD@ˆS=E§„pH§KLO#KLO b S=P|@GP¤KeP§FDBIS=PZBD@GFc0@GFD@GF2E?@d:=


¢¡¤£¦¥ §©¨¢¨©¤ ¥ ¦ !"¨©#%$¦%&('*),+.-+‚°


£N ¥¤§¦©¨ ‡ ¨ ¢¡Œ:;P§i=:?j7qw Wp@GFDBIKe8eK•j ¦xw#; ¦DV T vG]=°?›Av K2h®;ŸA]=°=Wp@Cƒ£Ke8e8eS£j ¦ w?ž5OI:£Rhw OŽKL@GP§S=8 4 W£7 njJVS=E?O#KeEg›²]h[=[; ;ŸA *¨K‘“v ”On@COIBIH§RCRCK²j3O(w @CBmS=8²w§ž5O#:pRhw ]2˜BI¦D 4N j ¢$S=crIP?@=j7qw ¢rwV{wg@CB2S=8²w; ¦DV v¥2h°?›Av K=°h[‚ŸA = £v~`|OI@C‰Š@fYOI@GP§RCKQS=F ( Ž§ShOIM Shœ jzw W£S=H§8eK•j nwJT(P§P,w34m@Cƒ w ;(H§RC8²wW£RCK•w? +J›Av K=° +ZŸA]=°=®‘±+h” W£c0KeBI,j4swV{w ; ¦DV T =°= ?›Av K¨K*;Ÿ 2h®‘OŽS=H?@COGj(wJ@CBmS=8²w; ¦AV T =°= ?›Av K¨K*;Ÿ +‘±®˜”‘˜”ž9JKe8e8eKLMˆT$yCyGShOI@G8e8L:?j§BD@GF#KeFqE?:£RfBD:=O#S=8,M§O#@GFD@GP‚BIS=EJSs@GP~8eSS0(P§KLƒ=@CO#F#KeE§S=Ê E?@r KeP§@C


®h[ ¢¡£ ¢¤¥¡§¦ ¢©¨ & ¡ &


© £3 ¨ © ¨ £ ¨ ¦¨§© ¡£¢¥¤© ¨ ¦ £ ¨ ¦©¨ £ ¨ ©© © ©#"$ %§&('*),+.-0/21315436 +(&¢.uSmi;S=c0cdS£jhFI@ŽJS=PrH?BIKQ8eKLyGS=E?:n:;Pz@G8‚ÇJPzE?@ŽE?@CBD@CO#c0KQP§ShO¦8QS=FgRCShMJS=RCKQE§S=E?@GF3E?@nT(VXWZY\[;](MJShO#S(8eS$S=FDBDOI:;P?:;c~b:;E§KLi=:;F.E?@0F#KecrHJ8eS=RCKGb :;P…`’OI@GRf:;PJFDBDO#H§RCRCKGb :;P{E?@G8¦@fšpM*@CO#Kec0@GP‚BD:?wŒ7UFDBD@0RCShM_b uBIH§8e:†MJOI@GFD@GPZBIS}8L:;F OI@GFIH§8eBIS=E?:;F8e:;F!R,b:;P V’:;PZBD@GRCShO#8L: MJShO#S 8L:;F†@GFDBIKecdS=E?:=OI@GF†@GFDB§b S=P§E§ShO}H?BIKQ8eKLyGS=E?:;Ft@GP¡S=FDBDOI:;P?:;c~b uS{i;S=c0cdS£wE§@@GFDBIS¤FIKQcrH§8QS=RCKGbMJShO#Ŝ H§P§S†c³b Skš?Kec0ST(FIKecdKeFIcs:?jlFD@s§S=PX@CƒkS=8QH§S=E?:ˆ8L:;F!Rf:=OIBD@GF!M§OxKeP§RCKLMJS=8e@GFq„ZH§@2JS=P…E§@zBD@GP§@CO#FD@2@GP|RCH?@GPZBIŜ:;P†E§@G8,‰‹:;PJE?:0E?@!O#S€`=:;FmR,b :;FIc0KQRf:;FCw OŽH?@GP§SsM ShOIBD@^E?@!@GFDBD:;FmOI@GFIH§8eBIS=E?:;FqFD@!OI@GF#H§cs@GP}@GP{‘“v ”•wF#H?M§OI@GFIK€b:;P›¡E?@CBD@GRCRCKGb :;P E?@0‰Š:=BD:;P?@GFrRf:;P‡@G85E?@CBD@GRfBD:=OW£Ka


© N£#" / ¦© %¡#© ¦D/ >dE?@.S=8,cs@GP§:;FqH§P§S2E?@!8eS=FNBDOxShyGS=F^›¡E?@GPZBDOI:dE?@ BDOI@GFNƒ=@GRf@GF © N£#" / ¦©" ¦ ,£¥© £¥ >,w¤ ©¥¦D¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ ®=]uFIBIKeRCSdE?@.HJPˆi;S=c0c0S0Rf:;PZƒ=@COIBIKeE?: / wRCShO#S=RfBD@CO€b798,P§Keƒ=@G8¦v!E§@.E§KeFDMJShO#:zFD@!@G8QKLi;KGb:sE?@ BIS=8Œcs:£E?:s„ZH§@.FD@!BIH?ƒ£KL@CO#S=P†BDOI@GFqE?@.8e:;FNRCH§ShBDOI:sMJ8eS=P§:;FNE?@G8,–$´ PJS=8²w Rf:;P’FD@po> §A©CEDFIHVU!NjP=p } HVUacX\N ƒ[¤^EU!L\X\N¤WVQS[bLMvr"QxL.NjPN(L^LH\U_LvLHVUK2Pdac[e2f=NgHvL^"LW|sp } NgH9an^2acXacN¤QxLVH PjL9QxNgH#rqNdWVUdp } XKQSN¤H¢H[d^ §NgH>¢¡¤£Nj‚\N¤WZX\N¤^ K^`an^EU!LWV]gNdQS[kPjL(L^LW|sp } N(HVa |KacL^P[kK^wLHr2L\XUYWZ[QS[Z|N¤W"p } UYM¦acX.[je[T‚acL^i;S=c0c0S=F [£w 2Zjevhj]pj+?j°pjev pj =]pj + ] 4‡vC[¦¥ 4°uRCH§8QS žaShOIBGbuS~›•(@CÆ.Ÿ 79P?@CO#i§bW£H§Rhw?i=@GP?@CO#S=E§:;FvG]=°pj*]=®*pj ®£vG] v4‡vC[ ¥ 4i;S=c0c0S=F vC[;] + ® 4‡vC[¦§ 4{vi;S=c0c0S=FM§O#:=BD:;P?@GF [£w®˜Y#vC[ v4‡vC[¦¨ 4{vvC[kY ]h[=[ v4‡vC[¦¨ 4{vM§O#:=BD:;P?@GF vhj]pj+?j°pjev pj =]pj7 +?jeṽ ]=°£j]=®, vRQ¾v3.®¢4‡vC[¦©4@KM§O#:=BD:;P?@GFv Y ]h[ v4‡vC[ ¨ 4{v?@G8eKL: ]h[kY +;[=[ ® 4‡vC[ © 4{v?@G8eKL:[£w®˜Y#vC[ ] 4‡vC[ © 4{v@G8L@GRfBDO#:;P?@GF vC[kY ]h[=[ v4‡vC[ © 4{v@G8L@GRfBDO#:;P?@GF@G8L@GRfBDO#:;P?@GF vG]=°pjl]=®* v4‡vC[ 4]@G8L@GRfBDO#:;P?@GF vhj]pj+?j°pjev pj =]pj7 + ] 4‡vC[42[£w®˜Y#vC[ ] 4‡vC[ 4{vM*:;FIKLBDOI:;P§@GF vC[kY ]h[=[ v4‡vC[ 4{vM*:;FIKLBDOI:;P§@GF¨ ¿ ¡¿J»?»?¹ º ½5¿ ¥kÁU»£¿¥ ¥©3‹µa\·,© £¥¡¤S¡/8¡¤¥¡¡§¦¦D © 8eS=P}8L:;FqFIKei;H§KL@GPZBD@GFNOI@G„pH§KeFIKLBD:;Fn:@5i6¡¢! ©3%š„23h†#¢V3gš¤3g¤ 35i5¤,¥ 6¡˜MO#@GRf:;P§FDBDO#H§KQE?:?j£@GFmP?@GRf@GFIShOxKL:d„pH?@.FD@.RCH§csMS=FIKeRCS0S=PJS=8eKLyGS=E§SsRf:;P§F#KeFDBD@.@GP’BD:pE?:;F$S=„ZH§@G8e8L:;FqFIHJRf@GFD:;Fm„pH?@!MJS=FIS=P’@G8ŒP§KLƒ=@G89v.E?@^E§KQFDMJShOI:_S0czH?@GFDBDO#S0


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ ®=90 cmDireccion <strong>de</strong> inci<strong>de</strong>nciaNivel 20140 cmNivel 1TRDTOF1,2ZZ = 0Trazas reconstruidasImpactos(cluster S + cluster K)110 cmSTDTOF3,4RICHECAL [¤WVU_L(UYWZN¤^2H\]¤LW\HNdQ PL © §!#"${”{N¤Q |K^"N¤H¦P¤anMOL^2HVac[¤^"LH(WZL!rWZLHL^2U_N¤UYan]¤NgHe ¢EN¤MO‚ap L^ŽHL(M¦K2LVHVUYWZNkK^§A©CED798:2;=} NRK^(WZN¤”[v|jNdMbMON~X\[¤^2]¤LWVUacPj[hL^OK^ r2N¤W¢LQxL.XUYW pL§LM9rQS[hPL X p[¤^” QSN¤HIUYWZNi’%NgH WZLH\KQ U!Nd^2U_LVHe[dM([zHL4rWZ[.r2N|N¤W"p[¤^D!xr2[gHVanUYW p


© £¥¡¤S¡ ¡¡§¦¦D © 798Œ:=A@CBIKLƒ=:†E?@rRCHJS=8e„ZHJKL@COmRf:=OIBD@2S=E§KeRCKL:;PJS=8,@GFm@G8¦E?@.O#@GE§H§RCKLOq@GP…8eStcs@GE§KeE§SsE§@r8L:0M*:;FIKe


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ ®=®0.20.180.160.140.120.10.080.060.040.<strong>02</strong>Protones 0.5-10 GeVGammas 32 GeV0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Masa invariante0.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10Protones 0.5-10 GeVGammas 32 GeV0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7No.<strong>de</strong> clusters ACC0.120.50.10.08Protones 0.5-10 GeVGammas 32 GeV0.4Protones 0.5-10 GeVGammas 32 GeV0.30.060.040.20.<strong>02</strong>0.100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100No.<strong>de</strong> clusters STD00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13No.<strong>de</strong> clusters TOF [¤WVU_LH¢L^QSNzMONgHNzan^E]gNdWVacN¤^EU!LR‘ N¤WVWVac‚\NhNzQSN~aS’iJKacLWZPNV“z”hL^kLQ^(p KM(LWZ[~PjLvXQmK¡HVU!LW\H€L^QS[¤H¢PjLU_L\XU_[¤WZLH\t§AY?,D798:2;=QS[¤HbX\[¤WVU_LVHhPL9r"W.LVHLQSL\X.Xaqp [¤^eUYWZN¤H10.90.80.7<strong>El</strong>ectrones 0.5-10 GeVGammas 32 GeV0.60.50.40.30.20.100 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20Maximo nivel <strong>de</strong>l TRD tocado§Ä §"D [¤WVU_L¦L^ŽLQ,M p N janMO[O^Ean]gLQ#PjLQ7¢ X\[¤^{HL ^"N¤Q#UYWZNgHzQS[gHRX\[¤WVU_LHhPjL€rWZLHLQSL\X\Xaqp [d^"e798:q;=


¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ ®*¦ !"¨©#%$R<strong>un</strong> 738197698 Event 1700828798:2;=aS’iNjXaqp [d^@PL¦K^wHVK2X\LVH[kHVanMbKQSNjP[{L^ŽQSN’%[¤^"NTQSNdU!LWZNdQGPjLQ.¢ §AsD4alHVK2N¤Qr2[oPL¦HVK2X\LVH[oL]ianU_N¤W"p } N¦e=FIHVU_L¦UaLQ,]¤LU_[e


§› C2Ÿ A&'¡A¤C' › C2Ÿ AA¤C5! !h› C2Ÿ > £› CzŸ ¦ ! ! ›² pw+ZŸ5#2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ ®2Rf:;c0:NMb H§cs@COI:’E§@d‰Š:=BD:;P?@GFrE§@CBD@GRfBIS=E?:;FzMl:=OzH§P§KeEJS=E‡E?@0@GP?@CO#i§b uS’FD@tMJH?@GE?@d@fšpM§O#@GFIShOGjgE§@tcs:£E?:~i=@GP?@COxS=8²j7989PC§¦,¨¦©¦ DŸZ› C§¦,¦©¦ DŸ§A© >£¢¥¤¦›A SA ¦›² pwev€Ÿ¦¤A C¦,¨¦©¦ IŸm@GFm@G8gÈJHk>D:tE?@rO#SG`=:;F i;S=cdc0SdM*:=O(H§P§KeE§S=E’E?@r@GP§@COIi§b uS£j$b S=P§i;H§8L:tFJb :;8eKeE?:?jlFIH?M*@COIÇJRCKL@E?:;P§E?@¤g›:;8eKeE?:XE§KL‰Š@COI@GP§RCKQS=8)(:;P0E?@G8Ji;S=c0c0S (Z› C¦,¨¦©¦ IŸ3@GFn8eS!@CÇJRCKe@GP§RCKeS.E?@G8 E?@CBD@GRfBD:=ONSEJKL‰‹@CO#@GP§RCKeS=8£`s@G8§ƒ=@GRfBD:=ONH§PJKLBIShO#KL:!@GP†8eS.E§KeOI@GRCRCKGb( A© > # ˆDAA¤@GFs@G8}b S=P?i;HJ8L:|F§b`BIKL@GcsM*:ShOI@GS«@GFs@G8ŽM§OI:£E§H§RfBD:…@GFIRCS=8eShOdE§@G8}bb Ss„ZH?@.8QS=FN@CÇJRCKL@GP§RCKQS=FŽ`†È Hk>A:;FNFI:;P~KeP§E?@CM*@GP§EJKL@GP‚BD@GFŽE?@G8*BIKe@GcsM*:?wFI@.S=FIH§c0KLOuS£jJM*:;FIKQRCKGb :;P}` b S=P?i;H§8e:dF§b :;8eKeE§:0@GPHJP~E?@CBD@CO#c0KQP§S=E?:dKePJFDBIS=P‚BD@=w*žaShO#S0@GFIBD@r@GFDBIHJE§KL:?jHJP§S0E?@CBD@CO#cdKeP§S=E§Ss@GP§@COIi§bu „pH?@¨M:=BDOI:=M*:s`†?:;c0:=igb @GP§@C:?jlE?@CM*@GP§E§@ FI:;8eS=cs@GPZBD@^E?@^8eS2@GP§@COIi§b uS£j§S=FGbW£K*@G8,ÈJHk>D:s@GFqKeFJb5 1 ¦¤¦› CzŸ¢¥p› C§¦,¨¦©$Ÿ§A© > ¦¥A›² pw];Ÿ:;Pz`2FIH?M*@COIÇJRCKL@ŽE?@ŽÈJHk>D:!FD@mE?@CÇ P?@NRf:;cs:^8eS S=Rf@CM§BIS=P§RCKQSE?:;P§E?@N8eS!KePZBD@Ci=O#S=8?FD:=


¦¡§/£¥/¦D ' 2 D 5 ®h[K2h® vG +‚ =° ] +*+¤2 ]2h® ]£vGE§:;P§E?@&G.E @GF$8eSs8L:;P?i;KeBIH§Ê E?@!O#S=E§KeS=RCK€b/ > › + .[3+8¤[#.[,;Ÿ 4{vC[ 5§> › Qm®.[98 [#.;Ÿ 4‡vC[ / £ ¦¥5§5££552KuSdF#KecrHJ8eS=E§Sz@GFqE?@.[#. ¨Kpw¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ ®=°>¢¡¤£ > §AY?,D © X.L_r"U_N¤^XacN¤H9”bL IXacL^XacN¤HvM pN janM(N¤HsrqNdWZN |N¤M¦MONgH N $ ¢9L se2f4N |L^LWZNjXaqp[d^HL€qNbWZL\NdQmaS’%NP[(PjL^EUWZ[LUYWVacX.NPLQ ¢ ¦ePjLhQxNTNjX.L_r"U_N¤^XacN¦|L.[dMpn:;PZƒ=@CO#FIK€b :;P ;(KLƒ=@G85v Æ~b @COIBIKeRf@(@GP?@COxS=E?:;F:;P ž5OI@GFD@G8e@GRCRCKGbT$RCR;›¡c5FDO Ÿ ] + . 2 .7 8¤[#.] v3.ev¥2 8¤[#.[;] [#.evG £v 8¤[#.[=[;° [#.[K298¤[#.[=[D2 Skš?Kec0S=FCj?E?@GF#E?@.8eSsRf:;PZƒ=@CO#FIKGb :;P~JS=FDBIS79PˆM§O#KQcs@CON8eH?i;ShOGj§FD@.JSs?@GR#?:tH§Pˆ@GFDBIH§E§Ke:2FI:=A:}Rf:;PZBDOI:;838eS†@GFDBIS=EŒb uFIBIKeRCS†@GFDM*@CO#S=E§S£w,_S†BISh


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ ®¨KLongitu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> radiacion hasta el STD240<strong>02</strong>20<strong>02</strong>0001800160014001200100080060040<strong>02</strong>00Entries 31308Mean 0.3927RMS 0.0968400 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Longitu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> radiacion798:2;=D€f=[¤^|anUYK2PLHOPjLWZNjP¤acNjXaqp [d^2NgHVU_N ¤¡ |WZNPj[gHkPL p N¤^¡|dKQS[wX\L^EanU!NdQut LVHVUYanM(NjP[ƒM(L\PdacN¤^2U_LkQSNoHVanM¦KQSNXaqp [¤^§"A¡ƒ[d^2U_L.X\NdWVQS[TPjL€r2N¤WVUdp} XKQSNgHbPjL€rWVK2Li‚\Ne—$@^‰‹:=O#cdSzShMJOI:Gš?Kec0S=E§S£j?M H?@GE?@!E?@GRCKLO#FI@ „pH?@.8eS2S=Rf@CM§BIS=PJRCKeS0E?@G8_W£–m—«E?@.T VXWZY\[;]2@GFNE?@.[#.[; sc5FIOq@GPRf:;PJFIKeE?@CO#S=PJE?:dBD:£E?:;F 8L:;F Rf:=OIBD@GFCj,Rf:;P|H§P…c³b Skš?Kecs:tE§@z[#.[3+~c5FDO!E?@ˆvC[ˆS@G8aKePZBD@COIƒhS=8L:tE§@s®tSXvC[=[=[’(@CÆ 8¡¤ ¡ ¡¤¦¨£8&%N£ `†HJP§SsRCS?b uE§S2IH§PZBD:…E§@tRf:=OIBD@GFsc³b S=FrOI@G8eS˜>IS=E?:¤›Š‰ŠH?@GPZBD@GFxŸxja@GFDBD@†ƒkS=8e:=Ozc³b Skš?Kecs:…FD@tKQP§RfOI@Gcs@GPZBIS@CÆrwÅ h[=[ RCc5KQP§RC8eKeP§S=EJS=FCj˜i;S=PJS=P§E?:^H§P2‰¡S=RfBD:=ON® Q’vC[d›ŠÇJi;H?O#S. pw 2=Ÿxw£79FDBD:.@GF9E?@C


Nd^|KQS[(X.L^2anU_N¤Q¡ T”¢rqNdWZNb]gNdWEp¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ h[Aceptancia <strong>rayos</strong> <strong>gamma</strong>sr)2Aceptancia (m-11010-2-310Preseleccionados-410Cortes minimosCortes estandar-510-110 1 1<strong>02</strong>10310Energia (GeV)[¤^wX\[¤^[¤^w”(HLQSL\X\XaqpX.[dWVU!LH798:2;=¡§A¡ 2D©vX\L_r"U_N¤^"XacN r2N¤W.N(WZN¤”[¤Hv|jNdMbMONe BL~M¦K2LVHVUYWZN¦QSNkNjX\L!rU!Nd^"XacNTPjL r"W.LVHLQSL\X.XaqpNd^"PjN¤W~”kX\[¤WVU_LVH r2N¤WZN \K2L^2U_LVH(‘ ¥MpLHVU"pN X.[V“e} ^2anMO[gH ©bL^wLQE|W p)2Area efectiva (cmArea efectiva31<strong>02</strong>10128 GeV32 GeV32 GeV (cortes minimos)16 GeV8 GeV4 GeV2 GeV1 GeV-1 -0.95 -0.9 -0.85 -0.8 -0.75 -0.7cos θ} NgH PjLQ"WZN¤”[©~WZL\NRL L\XUYan]gNvr2N¤W.NhWZNd”[gH |N¤M¦MONgt L^ \K^"Xaqp} NgH L^"LW|sp798:2;= §"A¡2D p[¤^`PLQbpK¡HN¤^"Pj[Qx[gHRX\[¤WVU_LVHRLH\Up N¤^PNdWe|N¤M¦MONOan^"XacPL^2U_Lt


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ £vp(Numero <strong>de</strong> sucesos/bin)/mediaSucesos aceptados seg<strong>un</strong> el angulo acimutal1.21.151.11.0510.950.9PhiEntries 3908Mean 0.03188RMS 1.8210.850.8-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3Angulo acimutal φ798:2;=D RalHVUWVac‚K2Xaqp [d^…PLQ9X\[iXacL^EU!LƒPLQ ^(p KM(LWZ[ŽPLwL^EUW.NPN¤Hhr2[¤W{‚an^ ”wQSNŽMOL\P¤acN L^ \K^"Xaqp [¤^PLQ§ÄN¤^¡|dKQS[an^"XacPL^"XacN ‘!MbK2LHVUW.N‰PLkrWZLHLQSL\X\Xaqp [d^ PL¡ £¢¥¤§¦ ¢Lq“e©¨R[HLŽ[j‚VHLWV]gN*^Ean^|K^"N‰PjL!r2L^"PL^"XacNNjXanM¦KU_N¤Q~PLHVa |^2a X.NdUan]¤NeLongitu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> radiacion hasta el STD310Sucesos cos(θ) > 0.95Sucesos cos(θ) ∈ (0.80,0.85)2101010 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Longitu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> radiacion798:2;42Dsf=[¤^¡|danUYK2PLHRPLbWZNPdacNXaqp [¤^Tr2N¤WZNMbK2LHVUWZN¤H~LHX\[Z|acPN¤H¦L^§A¡[d^"e P¤anWZL\X\Xaqp


2 [#.®h[ 8 [#.]=® v3.[=[ 8¤[#.]=® v3.[=[ 8 [#.]=®[#..[ [#.°= 98 [#.[?v [#.®=°98¤[#.[?v [#.°=°98 [#.[?v+ + .[ [#. 2h°98 [#.[?v [#.®= 98¤[#.[?v [#.°=®98 [#.[?v + .[ [#.7£v 8¤[#.[?v [#.+;[ 8¤[#.[?v . K98¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5]=®*.[ [#.®2 8¤[#.[?v [#. = 8¤[#.[?v .[ 8¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5£ ¿J»¥¤9¤£ ½9¿¤À º9½ ½9¿ ‚ ¥~» ¥ká¹ » ¥ ©3‹µa©a ¥ ¡¤¦£¥©¡8 §Ä §D F XacL^"XacǸ PjLOQS[¤H(X\[¤WVU_LVHOPLOHLQSL\X\Xaqp [d^”{NX\L!rU!Nd^"XacN>¢¡¤£‘ |N¤M¦M(N¤HY“gtvX\[¤^2H\acPjLW.N¤^"Pj[`X\[¤MO[oM¦K2LVHVUYWZNTU![dU!NdQQxN r"W.LVHLQSL\X.Xac[¤^NPjNeuS~›•(@CÆ.Ÿ 75‰¯wJRf:=OIBD@^cdS=FIS 75‰¯w§ƒ=@CBD:t– 4m— 75‰¯w§Rf:=OIBD@rS=RfBIKLƒ£KeE§S=E79P?@CO#i§bv3.[ [#.°=®98 [#.[3+ [#.°2 8¤[#.[3+ [#. K£v 8 [#.[3+].[ [#.°h[ 8 [#.[?v [#.7= 98¤[#.[?v [#. Kh[ 8 [#.[?v°.[ [#.° + 8 [#.[?v [#.®=®98¤[#.[?v [#.°¨K98 [#.[?vv .[ [#.°=]98 [#.[?v [#.®= 98¤[#.[?v [#.°=°98 [#.[?v=].[ [#.°£v 8 [#.[?v [#.®= 98¤[#.[?v [#.°2 8 [#.[?v[#. 2h]98 [#.[?v [#.®= 98¤[#.[?v [#.° + 8 [#.[?v]=®*.[ [#.7*98 [#.[?v [#.®£v 8¤[#.[?v 2h°98 [#.[?vvG]=°.[[#.7=]98 [#.[?v [#.+‚°98¤[#.[?v [#. 2h°98 [#.[?vvC[;] + .[ [#.7= 98 [#.[;] [#.+98¤[#.[;] [#. 2h 98 [#.[;]®£vG].[uS 75‰¯w?BD:=BIS=8 75‰¯w?BD:=BIS=8 T(Rf@CM§BIS=P§RCKeS79P?@CO#i§b›Š‰¡H?@GPZBD@GFxŸ ›Š@GFDB§b S=P§EJShO Ÿ›•(@CÆ.Ÿ›¡c5FDO Ÿ[#. 2 v3.[=[ 8¤[#.]=® [#.®h[ 8¤[#.]=® + .°¡54‡vC[ §¢ v3.[ [#.°=]98¤[#.[3+ [#. 2k[ 8¤[#.[3+ v3.ev 8¤[#.] 4|vC[ [#.®h[ 8¤[#.[?v °.798¤[#.® 4|vC[ + .[ [#.7=°98¤[#.[?v [#.+‚° 8¤[#.[?v ]. £v 8¤[#.[D2¢4‡vC[ 5[#.7=°98¤[#.[?v].[[#.7*98¤[#.[?v [#.+‚® 8¤[#.[?v .ev¥298¤[#.[K 4‡vC[ 5v .[ + 8¤[#.[?v [#.+‚ 8¤[#.[?v .°98¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5°.[[#.7 + 8¤[#.[?v [#.+‚ 8¤[#.[?v + .[ 8¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5=].[vG]=°.[ [#.7h[ 8¤[#.[?v [#. =° 8¤[#.[?v . 2 8¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5[#.®=]98¤[#.[?v [#.]¨K 8¤[#.[?v ].+ 8¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5vC[;] + .[ [#.+DK98¤[#.[;] [#.]=° 8¤[#.[;] v3.798¤[#.ev 4|vC[ 5®£vG].[:;FIcdKeRf:;FqOI@G„pH§KL@CO#@^H§P© ¦©-' ,)lgSdcs@GE§KQE§SsE?@.O#S€`=:;Fmi;S=cdc0SdR,bH?@GPˆ‰ŠS=RfBD:=O$E?@!OI@GR#JShyC:0‰‹O#@GP‚BD@^S2:=BDOxS=FN@GFDM*@GRCKL@GFqczH§R#§:0c³b S=FqShA:;FnFD@ §S=Rf@(c0@GP?:=ONRCH§S=P§E?:zFD@(Rf:;PJFIKeE?@CO#Sz8eSrE§KLOI@GRCRCKL:;PJS=8eKeE§S=E0E§@$8eS=Fn‰¡H?@GP‚BD@GFGjpRf:;cs:2:£RCH?OIOI@(Rf:;PˆH§P§S‰¡H?@GPZBD@.MJH§PZBIH§S=83›Šƒ=@CO(ǧi;H?O#S2KeP§FI@COIBIS=E§S‚Ÿxwpwev=vhj;>DHJP‚BD:0Rf:;P8eSsS=Rf@CM§BIS=P§RCKeSdMJShO#Ss8L:;FqM§OI:=MJKL:;FŽi;S=cdc0S=FCj§`;S0c0:;FDBDO#S=E§S0S=PZBD@CO#KL:=Oxcs@GP‚BD@=wS=F$Sh< H§P§E§S=PZBD@GF^›ŠM§OI:=BD:;P§@GFCj ?@G8QKL:?j?@G8L@GRfBDOI:;P?@GF$`ˆM*:;FIKLBDOI:;P?@GF ŸnFD@^czH?@GFDBDO#S=P’@GP’8eSsÇJi;H?O#SRCHJShBDOI:d@GFDM*@GRCKL@GFmc³b8eS=FsBISh< 8eS=Fd pw+{S{ pw 2|FD@~crH§@GFDBDO#S=P³8eS=F0@CÇJRCKL@GP§RCKeS=FsE§@~8L:;F0Rf:=OIBD@GFd@GFDB§b S=P§E§ShOdc0@GP§RCKL:;P§S=E?:;F0@GP³8eS79P:;P pw]pwevzFD@CiŽb H§P8eSs@GFDM*@GRCKL@=wJ7UFDBIS=Fq@CÇ RCKL@GP§RCKeS=F$FD@.@fš£M§OI@GFIS=PKLi;H§S=8ecs@GPZBD@.@GP’BZb @COxc0KeP?:;F$E?@^S=Rf@CM§BIS=P§RCKQS£wFI@GRCRCKGbi=@GP§@CO#S=E§S£wb @GP FD@|crH?@GFIBDO#S=P¡@GP 8eSǧi;H?O#S pwevG] @GP¡‰¡H§P§RCKGb :;P¡E?@|8eS@GP?@COIi§b uS¤E?@|8eS MJShO#BGb uRCH§8eS_:;FˆOI@GFIH§8eBIS=E?:;F†BIS=c^


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ =EUYWZ[¤^¡|kLU NdQSeN%£¢ )Ir2N¤W.NO]¤N¤WVac[gHRX\[¤^ §VK^2U_[gHhPLRM(L\PdacPNgHO‘© §!#"¤¢gt¥¤ F© ¢¥¦ ¤D!§¦PjLbLQSL\XUWZ[d^"LH92N(HVacP[TN¨§VK¡HVU_NP[~r2[¤W%£¦#)9N¨§VK¡HVU_NPj[RNzQS[¤H¢PjN¤U_[gH9PL¨¤ F©>¢©¦ ¤!§¦ %¨¢¥" )ef4[¤H¢LHYrqL\XUW.[gHL^2UYWZL9[dUW.NgH!“e¡F€Q2LVHYr2L.XUYWZ[hPLGr2[gHVanUW.[¤^"LH9LVH€K^OM([%PLQS[)-1sr -1 s -1 GeV-2Flujo (mFlujo <strong>de</strong> <strong>rayos</strong> cosmicos210-11010101-2-310-410-510-610-7104~10ProtonesProtones (|θ M|¢F%¨¢¤¢ )e2F QLVHYr2L.XUYWZ[bPda \K¡H[¦LjUW.N|N¤Qp NjXUYacX\[¦LH LQNRQS[¤H9M([%PLQS[gHzPLPjLU_LWVMban^NP[oNzrqNdWVUanWRPjLRQx[gHRPNdU![¤HbPL~F ¢ vF ¢*L^ %¨¢$ )e an^"NdQmMOL^EU!Lt HLhM¦K2LH\UYWZNTL^`QxN #|dKWZN(H\K%r2LWVac[¤WbPjLWZL\X\qNQxNOX.[dM9r2N¤W.N¤UYan]gNL^2UYWZLzLQ K §[(LHr2LWZNPj[PL rWZ[¤U_[¤^LVH r"WZ[d]gL^2acL^2U_LhPL~K^"NRWZL!|daqp^"N‘ PjL ¢~|dW.NP[OPjLzWZNjP¤ac[\“¦”[d^¦rqL\JK2LK §[OPLRWZN¤”[¤H¢|N¤M¦MONPLhK^"N \K2L^2U_Lzan^2U_L^2HNeL~H\K%r2LWYrq[d^"LRLQ,X\[iXacL^EU!LbN.rWZ[ janMONP[PL K §[gHIrqNdWZN(QSN(W.LY|aqp [¤^LQPjL TN¢" ¢9L#e


¦ !"¨©#%$+ ¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ Aceptancia: preseleccionsr)2Aceptancia (m1010-1-210-3-410-510-610Rayos <strong>gamma</strong><strong>El</strong>ectronesProtonesPositronesHelio-710-110 1 1<strong>02</strong>10310Energia (GeV)NQxNgHRP¤alHVUYan^2U_NgHRLVHYr2L\XacLH~HVanMbKQSNjPN¤He§A©C"CED © X.L_r"U_N¤^XacNTPL¢r"WZLHLQxL.X\Xaqp [¤^798:q;=


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ =®¢ ¥Ÿ 4‡vC[ 5›Av3.°=]E§@.FIH§Rf@GFD:;Fm:=


¡§A¡ D=F IXacL^XacNTPLRQS[gHhX\[¤WVU_LVHhPL~HLQSL\X\Xaqp [d^ƒ”NX\L_r"U_N¤^XacNƒ‘ LQSL\XUW.[¤^"LH!“gt X\[d^qHVacPLWZN¤^P[X\[¤MO[(MbK2LHVUW.N¦U![dU!NdQ>¢¡¤£r"W.LVHLQSL\X.Xac[¤^NPjNeQxN¡ /¢/ 5 Ÿ 4‡vC[ › .]= 98¤[#.ev+ZŸ 4‡vC[ /¡5/¢ ¥ / Ÿ 4‡vC[ ¡›²®.°=°98¤[#.[,;Ÿ 4‡vC[ /5 5 ¢ ¡ ¢¡5¨5§5! › C2Ÿ !5 ¢¡¢ /¢ §Ÿ 4|vC[ ¥¡¢¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ *7$›•(@CÆ.Ÿ 75‰¯w§Rf:=OIBD@^c0S=FIS 75‰¯w?ƒ=@CBD:t–R4$— 75‰¯w§Rf:=OIBD@zS=RfBIKLƒpKQE§S=E+ .[ ›(2


§"A¡ 2D€F XacL^"XacNwPjLQx[gHkX\[¤WVU_LVHkPLHLQxL.X\Xaqp [¤^*”ƒNX\L_r"U_N¤^"XacN‰‘ 2LQ ac[\“gtzX\[¤^2HVacPLWZN¤^P[ŽX\[¤MO[{M¦K2LVHVUYWZNoU_[¤U_N¤Q QSN>¢¡¤£rWZLHLQSL\X\Xac[d^"NjPNe5 /¢ ¥ ©Ÿ 4‡vC[ ¡›²®. 2 +8¤[#.[,;Ÿ 4‡vC[ /5 / ¢¢uS†OI@GRf:;PJFDBDO#H§KeEJSd@GFB ¢#¡§8©tŜ 8eŜ @GP?@CO#i§b%¨ˆ ¢ § Ÿ 4|vC[ ¥FIH§Rf@GFI:;F2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ 279‰ w§Rf:=OIBD@zc0S=FIS 75‰¯w?ƒ=@CBD:t–R4$— 79‰ w§Rf:=OIBD@zS=RfBIKLƒ£KeE§S=E7$›•(@CÆ.Ÿ› .°2 8¤[#.evG°;Ÿ 4‡vC[ 5› + . + 8¤[#.+‚®;Ÿ 4‡vC[ ›Av3.®£v 8 [#.] +ZŸ 4‡vC[ /]h[Q§+;[=[ ›²®.evG 98¤[#.[,;Ÿ 4‡vC[ 5›Av3.+;[ 8¤[#.ev=v€Ÿ 4‡vC[ ›Av3.evG°98 [#.[?v€Ÿ 4‡vC[ /vRQ{]h[[#.®&Q¾vC[ ›²®.]298¤[#.+DK;Ÿ 4‡vC[ ¾®. *¢4‡vC[ § ¾®.+DK 4{vC[ ©75‰¯w§BD:=BIS=8U›Š‰¡H?@GPZBD@GFxŸ 75‰¯w?BD:=BIS=8U›Š@GFIB§b S=P§E§ShO Ÿ T(Rf@CM§BIS=P§RCKeS…›¡c5FDO Ÿ7$›•(@CÆ.ŸvC[BQ‡]h[=[ ›²].] +8¤[#.ev+ZŸ 4‡vC[ ³[#. K +-4‡vC[ § v3.ev 4‡vC[ > §A¡2D=F XacL^"XacNPjL~QS[¤H~X\[¤WVU_LHzPL~HLQSL\X\Xaqp [¤^`”NX\L_r"U_N¤^XacǸ>¢¡¤£‘ r2[gHVanUYWZ[¤^LVH!“gt X\[¤^qHVacPjLWZNd^"Pj[kX\[¤MO[(M¦K2LVHVUYWZNbU![dU!NdQQxN r"W.LVHLQSL\X.Xac[¤^NPjNe[#.®Q vC[ ›(2D:RCShOIi;S=E§S‰‹O#@GP‚BD@dS8eŜKeP?@GFmE§@^@GP?@COIi§b uS0@GF$@G8gc0KQFIcs:?wlW£KQP}@Gc^< ShOIi=:?j,8eSsOI@GS=8eKQE§S=E~@GF(„ZH§@^@G8g@GFDM*@GRfBDOI:tE?@rO#SG`=:;F@GPS=cr


w›¤¢ Ÿ > vhwŸaMJShO#SrRf:;P§FIKeE§@CO#ShO¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ =°Aceptancia: <strong>gamma</strong>s, protones, helioAceptancia: <strong>gamma</strong>s, electrones, positronessr)2Aceptancia (m10-210-31010-1-4Rayos <strong>gamma</strong>ProtonesHeliosr)2Aceptancia (m10-210-31010-1-4-510-510-610-610-710-810-710-810Rayos <strong>gamma</strong><strong>El</strong>ectronesPositrones-910-110 1 1<strong>02</strong>10310Energia (GeV)-9-11010 1 1<strong>02</strong>10310Energia (GeV)N¤^PN¤WIr2N¤WZNb|jNdMbMONgH\trWZ[¤U_[¤^LVHz”bqLQmac[{‘!aS’%JKacLWZPjN\“¡ LQSL\XUYWZ[d^"LH ” r2[gHVa!X\L!rU!Nd^"XacN(UYWZNgHhX\[¤WVU_LVHhLVHVUp798:2;=¡§A©Cq?,D ©UYWZ[d^"LH¦‘ PLWZL\X\qN\“euS£AŸ M:;P}FI@!@GPZH§c0@CO#S=P~S0Rf:;PZBIKePpH§S=RCKGb :;P{›ŠMJShOxS0RCS=E§Ss


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ ¨KR<strong>un</strong> 1073749013 Event 652324798:2;=§"D 4alHVK2N¤Q aS’iNjXaqp [d^§A©C[d^oH\anM¦KQSNjP[(”OX\[¤^ \K^P¤acPj[X\[¤^oK^oWZN¤”[h|N¤M¦MONOPL~an^ LWVac[dWhL^LW|spPjLzK^br"WZ[dU"p} Ngt NdQ\WVanW~K^N(an^2U_LW.NX\Xaqp [d^{2NPdW pHVKbe[¤^2acX\NoL^`QSN~rqNdWVU!LhHVK%rqLWVac[¤WRPjLQ ¢


-¡]¦¥#$ ˆ9›ŽŸ5Ÿ ›² pwev+ZŸ¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ 2k[Factor <strong>de</strong> rechazoFactor <strong>de</strong> rechazo: protones y helio710610105Factor <strong>de</strong> rechazoFactor <strong>de</strong> rechazo: electrones y positrones510410410310FR protonesFR helio310FR electronesFR positrones-110 1 1<strong>02</strong>10 10Energia (GeV)3-110 1 1<strong>02</strong>10 10Energia (GeV)3798:2;=4NjXU_[¤WTPjLWZL\X.2Ni’%[rq[dWk]¤N¤WVac[¤HTMp LU_[iPj[gH¡ #rWZ[¤U_[¤^LVHT”qLQmac[*‘!aS’%JKacLWZPNV“¡ ~LQSL\XUYWZ[d^"LH”Or2[gHVanUW.[¤^"LH§A©C#D‘ PjLWZL\X\qNV“<strong>de</strong>@fš£Mg› Q£¢–¦›NŸ > .0/pwevG®{@GFˆH§P@¯>D@GcsMJ8L: E?@@GFIBIS‰¡H§P§RCK€b :;P¾E?@…E§KeFDM*@CO#FIK€b :;P³S=P?i;H§8eShO†MJShO#S{‰‹:=BD:;P§@GF}S =] (@CÆ_Sǧi;H?O#Sƒ£KeFIKGb :;P†E?@G8ŒW£–q—zw?79P†@G8e8QSzFI@(O#@CM§OI@GFD@GPZBISKQP‚BD@Ci=O#S=PJE?:sSrBD:£E§S=FN8eS=FNEJKLOI@GRCRCKL:;P?@GFŽRf:;PZBD@GP§KeE§S=FŽ@GPˆ@G8,RCS=c0Ml:sE?@:;P}E?@!i=@GP?@COxS=RCKGb :;P,jJS=E?@Gc¾b S=FmE?@!@G8.b S=P§i;H§8L:0E?@.Rf:;PZBD@GP§RCKGb :;PE?@G8 K=®¨§E§@.8L:;FEJS=E§SsH§P§SsE?@CBD@COxc0KeP§S=E§S2E§KeOI@GRCRCKGbE?@z8QSdOI@GFI:;8eH§RCKGb :;P…S=P?i;H§8eShO Rf:;cs:ˆ@G8zb S=P?i;H§8L:ˆE?@2Rf:;P‚BD@GP§RCK€b :;P|E?@G8 =° §¬E?@28L:;F FIH§Rf@GFI:;F2› ¡ ¥ ©ŸHJP’@GFDBIKQc0S=E?:=O¡ ¨ §ŸUMJShO#Ss@GFIBIKec0ShOm8eS2@fš£BD@GP§FIK€b :;P~E?@.8eS=FqRf:;8QS=FCwF#H§Rf@GFD:;Fr›ž¦ShOxS E§@CBD@CO#c0KeP§ShO|8eS 8e8eS=cdS=E§S 1%1˜=5¤,¥6¡˜ „230„¡cš©†B3g¢iši,¥6¡˜ †=1˜ !1,‡¡¤…›D$R6¡˜ ¡†=¢3‡q„¥¤s1˜=5( !!6¡˜Jj žŽW !t›H§RCKGb :;PdE§@.M§OI:=


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ 2pvwF<strong>un</strong>cion <strong>de</strong> dispersion angular (32 GeV)Probabilidad/grados0.160.140.120.1σ 68(32 GeV)0.080.060.040.<strong>02</strong>00 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3Residuo angular ψ (grados)798:2;="D BK^Xaqp [d^`PLhPdalHr2LW\H\aqp [d^wN¤^¡|dKQxN¤We L9qN(H\K%r2LWYr"K2LH\U_[(LQ,N §VK¡H\U_L~N¦QSN \K^Xaqp [d^ je ¢ ¤`”¦LQ"]¤N¤Qx[¤WhPL¡ £¢¥¤§A©CF<strong>un</strong>cion <strong>de</strong> dispersion p<strong>un</strong>tual (32 GeV)Probabilidad/sr0.10.08P(ψ,32 GeV,todo x)0.060.040.<strong>02</strong>00 0.<strong>02</strong> 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14Residuo angular ψ(grados)[¤^798:2;=} r"acX\N‰PjLQ L^ \K^XaqpN¤^|KQS[PjLƒPda LWZL^"XacN*L^EUWZLQxNP¤anWZL\X\Xaqp[dWVa |dan^N¤Q9”ŽQSN§"A©C 2D =[¤WVMONŽUdp[d^PLQp[d^wWZL\X\[¤^2HVUWVKacPjNePdanWZL\X\Xaqp


¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ 2h]Resolucion angular(grados)68σ1Preseleccionados: 68%Cortes estandar: 68%Preseleccionados: 95%Cortes estandar: 95%-110-2101 1010Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)22D vLH[dQmK2Xaqp [¤^ Nd^|KQSN¤WRX\[dM([ p N¤^|KQS[PL¦X\[¤^2U_L^"Xaqp [¤^ PjLQ¡ £¢¥¤§¦©¨¤ PjLhQx[gHzHVK2X.LH[gHe§A©C798:2;4


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ 2h¡ ¥ ©› ¢ Ÿ > ›Av3.®¨K + 8 [#.[=[3+ZŸ 4{vC[ 5¥ [#. 2h®98¤[#.[;]0.160.140.120.10.08P(ψ,32 GeV,cos θ < -0.995)P(ψ,32 GeV,cos θ < -0.95)P(ψ,32 GeV,cos θ > -0.95)0.060.040.<strong>02</strong>00 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3Residuo angular ψ (grados)798:2;=§A©C D =[¤WVMON¦Udp} racX\NkPL •¡ £¢¥¤ ¤§¦¨©\K^Xaqp [d^wPLQp N¤^¡|dKQS[kPLhPda LWZL^"XacNL^EUWZL~QSNP¤anW.L.X\Xaqp [¤^w[dWVa |dan^N¤Q,”(QSNL^[d^wWZL\X\[¤^2HVUWVKacPjNePdanWZL\X\Xaqp_S.O#@GFD:;8eH§RCKGbuS£jpSrcs@GEJKeE§S!„pH?@$8eS=FnRf:;PZBDO#KLD:=O#S.MJS=HJ8eShBIKeP§S=cs@GPZBD@$Rf:;P†8eS^@GP?@COIi§buP§Kec0:^E?@CBD@CO#c0KQP§S=E?::;Pdn:;H§8L:;cr


– ,–– ,–©3‹µa¥¤a £ ¿¥hÁ ¡ÄhÂ,½ ¥’» º ÁUº »£Â*à ¼ à Â_ºv £ ¦¥ E'!£¢›²].[?v–›² pwev¥2=Ÿ¦ !"¨©#%$+ ¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ 20.10.082 GeV32 GeV128 GeV0.060.040.<strong>02</strong>00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2E rec /E γ798:2;=ED RalHVUWVac‚K2Xaqp [¤^kPL¢L^"LW|sp } N WZL\X\[¤^qHVUYWVKacPN H[‚WZL¢L^"LW|sp } N¢|jL^"LWZNPjN rqNdWZN UYWZLVH€L^LW|sp } NgH€PLQW.N¤”[¢|N¤M¦M(Nje§A©C8e:;FqE?@CBD@GRfBD:=OI@GF(E?@!BDO#ShyGS=FM §:;P}@GP?@COIi¦b @CBIKeRCS†S0S=8LBIS=Fm@GP?@COIi§b uS=FGj§OI@GFDM*:;P§E?@.S=8_Rf:;csM*:=OIBIS=c0KL@GPZBD:dBGb uM KeRf:0E?@798ŒE?@CBD@COxKL:=OI:dE?@r8eS2OI@GFD:;8eHJRCKGb> § / –§ 5BD:=O€w:;P}ShOIOI:k>ISsRf:;cs:tOI@GFIH§8LBIS=E§:NMuS=FŽE?:;c0KQP§S.8eSrE?@CM*@GP§E?@GP§RCKeS^8eKeP?@GS=8²j=O#@G8eS=RCKL:;P§S=E§SrRf:;Pˆ8eS.OI@GFI:;8eH§RCKGb :;Pd@GFDMJS=RCKeS=8lE?@G8JE§@CBD@GR YT$8lS=8LBIS=FU@GP?@COIi§b:;PˆS08eSsF#KecrHJ8eS=RCKGb798,S˜>IH§FDBD@^E?@!@GFIBIS0‰¡H§P§RCKGb> › + .ev 8¤[#.];Ÿ 4‡vC[ ¡ –8 [#.[;®;Ÿ 4‡vC[ 5›² pwevG°;ŸFIKL@GP§E?:2@G8 §Rf:;csMJShBIKL< 8L@.Rf:;P’Rf@COI:?w:;PˆS=Rf@CO#RCStE?@^8eSsRCS=PZBIKeE§S=E~E§@!DS=P§E§:^@G8lH§c^


2m ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ )¢¢ 2h®Resolucion energeticaσ(E)/E-110-2101 1010Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)2798:q;=© §!#"$eD vLH[¤QmK2Xaqp [¤^ŽL^LWY|¢p LUacX\N~rqNdWZNOW.N¤”[gH |N¤M¦MONgt L^§AY?


p¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ 23Mediana <strong>de</strong> la distribucion <strong>de</strong> energia reconstruidaDispersion energetica1.31.21.110.90.80.70.6PreseleccionDespues <strong>de</strong> cortes0.51 1<strong>02</strong>10Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)798:2;=§AY?=CED.ƒL\P¤acNd^"NkPjL~QSN¤H~PdalHVUWVac‚K2Xac[d^"LH~PjLRL^"LW|sp[d^(r2N¤WZNPdalHVUan^EU!N¤H M¦K2LVHVUYWZNgH¢|jL^"L !} NOWZL\X\[¤^2H\UYWVKacPNOPjLQ [dU"pN¤Hh‚\N §NTL^"LW|sp} NeAceptancia <strong>rayos</strong> <strong>gamma</strong>Resolucion energeticaLQ ¤ ¡ PjLhQS[¤HzH\K2X\LH[gHRNOM p NgHRN¤Q U!N”OMW.NPN¤He4f4N¤HR‚.NdWVWZNgHRPjL¦LWVWZ[dWRN‚\N¤WZX\Nd^sr)2Aceptancia (m-11010-2σ(E)/E-110B = 0.86 T (nominal)B = 0.16 T-310Cortes estandar (B = 0.86 T)-410Cortes estandar (B = 0.16 T)-5-11010 1 1<strong>02</strong>10310Energia (GeV)-2101 1010Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)2© ¤!#" $dt¢K¡HN¤^P[{LQGanM p Nd^rqLWVM(N !LUacX\NRr2N¤WZN{WZN¤”[¤H~|N¤M¦M(NƒX.[d^798:2;= §AY??,D © X\L!rU!Nd^"XacNo”TW.LVH[¤Q K2Xaqp[d^@L^LWY|¢p^L^EU!LbPL © ¤!#" ¢e


¨ ¿ ¡¿J»?»?¹ º ½5¿ ¥kÁU»£¿¥ ¥©3©a\·,V…WZY\[;]’FD@d§S=P{E?@CÇJP§KeE§:ˆHJP§S}FD@CO#KL@0E§@dRf:;Pk>IH§P‚BD:;FrE?@ž¦ShOxS~@G83@GFDBIHJE§KL:~E?@s‰Š:=BD:;P?@GFr@GP|@G897ŽŽT$E?@0TO#@GR#§ShyC:†E?@!M§OI:=BD:;P?@GFm`t@G8e@GRfBDOI:;P?@GFCw »£¿§¼9ÄhÂ,ºU»?¹•Â ‚¿§Â¾¿§ÀA¿J»pÄ;¹l©3©a‹µa¤ ¦D:;FCj_@GPZBDOI@ˆ8L:;FBDO#:;c0Shi;PUb˜”•wp7UPtRf:;P§RfO#@CBD:?j£FI@(Rf:;cs@GPZBIShOJb S=Pˆ


p*›(2¦¥ Ÿ ££>98 [#.] + §¤K.]=£ ¦¥ Ÿ Ct›¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ 2h°798:2;=§"D ©vX\L_r"U_N¤^XacNOL^ \K^"Xaqp [¤^ƒPL~QSNOL^LWY|sp§AY?N¤W.L.NOL L\XUYan]¤No‘ PLWZL\X.2N\“eBf4N¤HzXKWV]gN¤H PLzUYWZN%’i[} N‘!aS’%JKacLWZPjN\“(”…p^L!|dWZ[TX\[¤WVWZLHYrq[d^"PL^N¤Q alH\alHhM NdQ#Nd^bpNgH~WZL\XacL^EU!L % )e ¡ÁU»?¹ º«Â,º _Á ¡Â |½5¿ ¡ " %$¿¥©3©a©¨5 £:=O#crHJ8eS1MS=P?i;H§8e:0E?@^Rf:;PZBD@GP§RCKGb 798!bE?@.8L:;FmFIH§Rf@GFD:;F$FD@.crH§@GFDBDO#Ss@GP~8QS2ǧi;H?O#S0 pw] +?w:;P’E§@G8 =° §0$P~S˜>IH§FDBD@rS2@GFDBD:;FmM H§P‚BD:;FmRf:;P§E§H§Rf@.S08QSsFIKLi;H§KL@GPZBD@!‰hb¡ ¥ ©¡ ¢›¡[#.+§v 8¤[#.[;®;Ÿ ¢ ›² pwev K;Ÿ:;PE§@†8eSE§KLOI@GRCRCK€b :;PE?@†KeP§RCKeE§@GP§RCKeS}@GFzM*@C:=Os„ZH?@t@GP @G8nRCS=FI:XE§@G8ŽW£–m—rjg@GP @G8n„pH?@†FD@_S…E?@CBD@CO#c0KePJS=RCKGb:;P,w=_S^KQP§Rf@COIBIKeE§HJc^


2¡ 2 ¢¡¤£ ¡ ! ¡ %$(¦¢ & ¤ 2:K§AY?sD LVH[dQmK2Xaqp [d^798:2;4\K^Xaqp [d^Nd^|KQSN¤WRL^} N #F ©vf@% )ePLRQSNTL^LW|sp§AY?C D LVH[dQmK2Xaqp [d^798:2;4LUYacX\NTL^ \K^"Xaqp [¤^ŽPLbQSNTL^LW|sp } N =F ©vf % )eL^"LW|¢p


˜”•w BDOxShA:;F$FIKec0KQ8eShOI@GF!‘±]pj> §Ä "D ¢EN‚QSNX.[dM9r2N¤W.N¤UYan]gNPL¦N¤Q |K^"[¤HbPLRQS[gHR[j‚VHLWV]gNdU![dWVac[gH¦PjLhWZNd”[gH |N¤M¦M(NPLHPL¦LQsLVHYr2NXac[e>%¡¤£b¦ !"¨©#%$¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ °h[¢. ©¨z ),¥5ª§'*¨N154I+(&2¥5ª¡ G),¥9&('*¥ ¨ ¢ ¨£¢ ¢ ¤ ¨ S=cs@CBDOI:;FU:=


2¡ " ¤ ¢%%$¨ ¡ =%$R ¢%%#¨© ¡ ¢ ¨ ¢¡ ¢©¤ &() ¢ °£vResolucion energetica: comparativaResolucion energetica σ(E)/E (%)EGRET10 GLAST<strong>AMS</strong><strong>02</strong>: STD<strong>AMS</strong><strong>02</strong>: ECAL11 1<strong>02</strong>10Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)} Nje=f=[gH~^¦p KMOLW.[gH rqNdWZNbF ¢ PLbQSNTL^LWY|spF ¢@”798:2;=2D [¤MvrqNdWZN¤UYan]gN{PjLhW.LVH[¤Q K2Xaqp [d^ŽL^"LW|¢p LUYacX\NTL^ \K^Xaqp [d^§"AY?¢ f © £¢HLzqN¤^wU![dM(NjP[PL %¨¢¦ )eResolucion angular (inc. normal): comparativaResolucion angular σ 68(grados)101-110EGRET<strong>AMS</strong><strong>02</strong>: ECALGLAST-210<strong>AMS</strong><strong>02</strong>: STD-3101 1<strong>02</strong>10Energia <strong>gamma</strong> (GeV)[¤^798:2;= §AY?"D [dM9r2N¤WZNdUan]¤N PLW.LVH[¤Q K2Xaqp} NjeIf=[gH^(p KM(LWZ[gHzr2N¤W.NF ¢ vF>¢ ”PLTQSNŽL^"LW|sp[d^ Nd^|KQSN¤WoL^ \K^"Xaqp¢ f © £¢HLzqN¤^wU![dM(NjP[PL %¨¢¦ )e


! ¦¡§ ©_wm79P¡RCS=cr


2 s ¢©q$=%$ °=2¡h[=[=[}RCc5M ShO#StKQP§RCKeE?@GP§RCKQSdRf@GP§KLBIS=8•wlgStc0S€`=:=O.M§OI:=< ShA:=OxS=P§E?:dE?@^® §Sd]¨§@GP}@G8_c0KeFIcs:sKePZBD@COIƒhS=8L:?w ¡ /£ # ¦¨£¥© 8¡§ ¡XvC[ § '¾vC[¡¡§ ¡§¦¨£ %N ¡ £¥¡2@GPt@G8,W£–q—zwZ7UFDBD:r@GFnFIH?Ç RCKL@GP‚BD@$MJShO#Sz8eS¥ FIKL@GPJE?:!BIS=c^< Kxb @GPc0SG`=:=OnMJShOIBD@$E?@m8L:;F9@GFDBIH§E§KL:;FGw;ž¦ShOxS.@G8§7ŽŽT$@G8?OI@GRx§ShyC:2E?@qM§OI:=BD:;P§@GF9S=8eRCS=P?yGStvC[uÇJRCS=cs@GPZBD@q:=M§BIKQc0KLyGS=E?:!MJShOxS!@G8e8L:?j / : ¤#¡ ¢ © I© ¡A¤MJShO#S2@G8e@GRfBDOI:;P?@GFCwMl@GF#ShO9E?@q„pH?@q@G8§E§KQFD@Zo P?:.P?:!@GFDB§b S^@GFDM*@GR=bT @¦© © ! ¡¤£¥¡¤¦£¥© I/¡ /¡


+ ¢¡¤£¦¥ § ¨¢Y 2 ¨ %$¢©¨ ¡ $(o ¡ $¥¤Ž¢ ¡ ¥ ' =¨© ¡ ¢ ¢Y £ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¨©¤ ¥ °¦ !"¨©#%$


¦ "! #%$&(')(* ,+-. .0/21 33"4"564789:; < ( = ¦ :>+?A@ B ;1 33 C D3"4EDF3,G W\ .P B %JJ]. NBK £O %JK%$ B .&I%$^IU;$Y# J.Y.§.(W( _ E` -[a: £ DFbcDd1 33 C DL©%1[33 Ce5 /21£¡ £¢¤§¦©¨¥¤§¦ ¨¢¡¨©Ḧ1E +I %J BK B %JLJM. NBK PO %JK%$ B .&A%$Q%PR6@)ST@VU)$&# JL.&.W.(X#%$YZ/21 33"4"5 Ḧ4E¨ C !fLg $Ph' B aic*£'M@MDFj)jlkm*£*fk nmC DL©W/6©%8n"G5ḦoE ! $( B Y' + B qpe` J 'r jsomCY/6©%887"5©Ḧ7E[0tu$Y$& \] :>+vW@ B w1 33"4EDF3"4EDF3"4ḧGx :My g z+ B £p,` J 'MO 477(/21 33"1"5644©ḦnE BK $(y(h: { 9|+ JK}m%$(} HR H~] 9'M%tA € :MO‚ƒ7©%4(/21 33 Ce56871Ḧ8E+ J}m#%$&} HR H~] 9P BK $(y(h: :MO|‚wC,84(/6©%88n"5678mC¨©3m j g(~ $ J%z+ : B :MO‚„oo8(/21 33(©x56187¨©© … g $ B j B :;O‚wC,n©"/6©%88"G561 3"o¨©%1E } g tu T B :MO|‚AC,8mCY/6©%88n"56o14¨©%4E …M%%$(|€ Y@;RK+¥11n(/6©%8nmCe5©%1 3¨©NC b p( tAOJ $P(j ‚ B Y:MO|‚e|&n7(/6©%884"5†‡718¨©%oEic B z‚ @ B +I@;';:>ˆ©%8n(/6©%8n1"5644¨©%7E b p( tAOJ $Phj ‚ @;R6+‰:V1o©"/6©%8n7"5648 3¨©xGxp,BKB O0Š kk N JJ y"JK‹ $&J y (km. J†k y L kE%y B k¨©%nEp,BKB O0Š kkEy"J B y"JK‹ $&J y (k¨©%8Ep,BKB O0Š kkEŒrŒrŒ¡D y"J B J J B $(‹ . %. g kmJ ‹ B Œc EkERKYkEy"J B B OŽ ‹ tu$ hpeB tno


¦$&J N $&.Y $(%J£t\V J tA%$ J N $ BKL .&JfOY XJ g .& ]Vg" $# &%' £*fic:)[T5£*£J Bg .& J _ ;% %$Y.&tu#%$ BK .&%|*qR ! /€Ay_‚;ƒ…„‡†ˆ|~j[dŠ‰Cj6‹oŒe}|~jqŽ;lWeodf‹&5 B $ BK %$Q O B /BK yy OY wy"tut„J N t .(%Ž_ g J¡.(X.& BK J .(%¦¨§© ¡£¢¥¤ ! £%)(%*(+, % - .0/ 1[ZOŽ tA%$ B c%$89;:=A@CBEDFDHGFI >;9KJ'>7LAMONP:=GRQ7>7S2436573i g UT g # Jt g WV $ + $ B Ei¡ .( g $ .& B NBK„ WT g # g $& N $YX tu WV $$ *q$ƒ% J .()l.( B WV $W.(;‹ BK $&%JN $I%T.( B NBK .( BK OY =ƒ.( B ]Vm J B %J B J%JKOŽ =tA%$ B WOY v%c%J Bg .& .&W= y" N $ p %J„.(Z $(%JZḦ4m ` %J g& WV $%$BK $(%J N $-% V ` tA BK( *£0.( B NBK .(XJ up uJ. O _Y. $ B tA%$ B W/ NBg _ X.(X1 33"4"5‹%JOY N $ p %JM.(lO BK $(%J ` %# NBK $(%JM%$4^ g $& wẀNBg _ l.( 1 33"4I¨ C [ J _¨^K B # J;.(l%J B AO Lg _YwJKlO g %.(%$ %J g tu %$Z JrJL#y g #%$ B %J¡O g $ BK JŠ/ brjl5c*£J Bg .& .(l=J %J gY $(%Jc%JKOY = ` %$It tA%$ BK OY w% NBK $(%J brjl5c*£J Bg .& .(l=J %J gY $(%J¡$(y g = r` %$& ybV B „O w‹ BK $&%J /brjl5 ~ =.& WV $X.(%,#y B t .& #_ WV $ ` %. gY WV $ .(£.& BK J ` = .(%$&;.(£.OT g =J WV $ /brjl5 qLg _Yv.(Q%J B _.&. .(%c‹ g $ $&tu#%$ BK .(Z Jut\V . g J `/NBK V $& ˆJ =.&v%#/ $ B y WV $Z.( g $&wb -/Wcdfehg[ihj[d;kmlonaj[dqprtshsvuxw(5 `ƒg $&wbcD N B „/WcYdfehg[ihj[dzy{dfe}|~j 5 N tAOY# B J5 / *fic:)[T5¡*qJ Bg .Y .(lAtA%.&=.&w.(lw%$( yVg $& p w.( ‹ BK t g B OY . %J†5 ` -/ N $ g $YV[ J _Y^6 B # J,T g N $ # $&%$„lJ£tA B Jq.&r%J B B %JLJqJ $„O $ #OYtA%$ B c Jq. JO tA L J ` J $ JFT g ¡JK BK B V$ J%$A[Z g JL#m;%$w% %J BK .(% O V%$A%$` Bg ( *£J BK J %J g B . J JK %J g tA%$ B t _‡VḦo(7m :B .(; J %J g B . J£%JqO J_Y#r .& J=t g = WV $u%tAO#%.&l%$ƒ% O V ` Bg 4 U)$&


tA%$ B [ZOŽB %tuXO =$ #OY(.(>.( B WV $ N $&J B ].&; Jd¿ÁÀ ÂJäĤÅvÂÆÇÃ/ÈÉƉÊvÅœÊvËiÊvÂ*q|JJ`§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032@:AB3A©CDAE,F¦G H)IJFKIMLNGDO:P1LRQTSUOVIFXWYEZ\[24354q3 6>;9¥@ N:9 @CG6S;7>mS=G :?GfQ;>$N3


¡ )R2 -£¢ ¢8 )-¤ 'K¨+¥¤¢Ç§¦ ©Ÿ ¨ g $ Í . g Ï .Ì"(%4XJwÌ%$&J Ì%J¤Ñ) $YÌ~Ï;Ï Ð . Ó t Í . Í Ì%$&. Ï Ð ) .MÌ%$ Ð . Ð Õ ÑeJ Í#BgMÐ . .MÌ%JKO g V B t g Ï BÍ OÏ Í Ð . Ì%J Í $YJ B!Lg t,Ì%$ BÐ . Ð Jl/€ y_‚7ƒ7 Ð O ÐLBÍ .Ì Ðp 8Ð ÑOX&y g8Ð Cz7"5‹Ë8+ ¿:9  ¿ +.354 À È,0‰ÊvËN ‹ g ̃tˆÌ%. Í . $ g $ Ð J $Y. Ð .M̃… Ð ÏÏ+ÑbT g ÌWt Í .Ì*Ì~Ï‹Ø Ï BÐ ^5Ì Í $&. g Í . O *:ÏO Jw̤Ì%$ g $YÌ < .Ì>3@zo‹` Ì%$ Ï Ð t,Ì%. Í . Ð .Ì~ÏA Ð tAO [ ÐÍ $ B Ì%$&J Í . Ð .ƒ.Ì~ÏA Ð tAO g&BÍ Ï Í < Ð . Ð XY$ Ð ÏtˆÌ%$ B Ì>$ g Ø Ð . Ð J&*qJ B Ìl. Ð B pMÐ%` T g Ì B Ì%$Ì Ï t g(` O Ì%JwÌ%$ B Ì Ð Ï ÐAp 8Ð .ÌÌ[Z B!8Ð O Ï Ð $ ¤Ï g J Í $Ì%J Ð :>+ Ó DF3"1Ñ Ð J ÍPB . Ì~Ï Ó brj 1Ñ(O Ì T g Ì>.MÌ Ì†Ì VmMod• u | yqsr‡¢^ƒ‚ˆ‡¤qsrvŠ | rwqzqN{ |~} ‡‰^ | r:Š ‚ }| r‡‰t+5zt | u€r Ç | r^‡¤q…„¤8u5r | r8 § } t | r } ƒ‚ |~} ‚,ŠN8uwqeVfgihJj-k%l } t+‚¤1£œ„-qsr5t+‚X‡‰wr8‡‰¦‚~uwuwqx5‚5¥¢ŸM˜ | wrwt){ ‚Xr8zž‚~ ‚¢Ÿ§Í Ì Í V $Q.Ì~Ï pMÐ


§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032eVfgihJj-kl;m¡ )o£¢ |~} ‚¦ Šiuwq § } t+‚¤ ©’ׇ¢8#“/”ˆ‡¢8•–D—:˜Ÿ”¢r8¥¤} ‚¤ ‚ } | r·‰t+5zt | užwr¢q } „ | yizu€‚‰‡ | rÎ } r5t+‚¢Šuwyi-xž‚¤Œ§ { ‚ } } Jz5 } tvu | X8Mtvyix | •MŽiuž }§¦¢| „X‚¤uwuwqx5‚¦‚ ‚q yquž‡¢‚†Œ¢‚†r!{8Mq¨ z |¤§|r‚¤u § ‚¤uwq | r ‡¢^ƒžz8tvu1{ |¤} qz5‚‰Ÿ|


¡ )R2 -£¢ ¢8 )-¤ 'K¨+¥¤¢Ç§¦ ©Ÿ ¨ m…l o;p 8tœ5z8t | ud”Dp¡ ¢ŸM–/rwt+‚Xz5‚£¢8‚Çz |¤} tvq } ¦zyi‚~tu |§ { | ‡¤y | r ‡¤qsrvŠyirwt | rÎŽ | uwq |~} t+‚¤ § } tœeVfgihj†kYleVfgihJj-k%l m£¤)o¡¥qsrwt+‚ } Šiu5rvŠi5ztvq…„†‚,‡‰1‡~qsr¥¤}| ‡‰©‡‰t+5zt | u”Dp§¦~ŒV‡¢ } tvu | ‡¢^ ‚,z5‚¨¢8‚ˆ‡¢‚~ y § q } q | £œq yq8u€‡¢‚w¥¢Ÿ–3 §^| ‡¢8 | 1} ‚~© § Šƒž‚~u!{‘{‚ § { | ‡~y | rX‡ | x8 wrX } 8ŠN } { y tvq §| r | Š | uwt+wŒ‹‚~1q ¡ yi‚¤ yiX }¨y tq §| £K‡¢8u€5z5ŽN‚5¥¢Ÿ©– }| Œ1 | r § { | ‡~y | rÎr8‡~qsrŠ |¤} } „†8uwtvqzž‚~ § } tœ z |~} |C yi8 ‚‰‡ | ”Y‡‰? | r § qsr §| rdu€ ¡ qsrwtvu€‚^ ‚ z |-| u€‡‰ } ‚¢‡‰‚ rwtœzž‚¤rr yi¦ } ”1p© w¥~Ÿ£K‚~Mu€8„©{


§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032eVfgihj†k‘l m¡ io;p 8tœ5z8t | u€r‹”1!p§¦~Œ©”Dp£¢X –Ε¥¤§¦p Ÿ ¥Jqsr5t+‚ƒ‚¤t+u€‚~ Ÿ§ Š |ˆ§ ‚ ¡~} { tvqz | } ‚X |¤} ‚*‡‰D”1p ¦#Ÿ –31„†‚~ | u § { ‚§‰q §| ytvq… q -‚¢‡ | Ši‚¤u€‚ˆ ‚,t |¤§ ‚ˆ‡¢Ç‡¢‚~t | r r8eVfgihJj-kµl;m¡ïo?•1‚rwq…tvy?{‚ } Ÿ| }© Ÿ \Ô } y ¡ ‚¤u‡¢ © Ÿs›É;Ÿ–¤ | uwq ¡ } ‡¢¦z |-| už‡¢ } ‚¢‡‰‚†r¦r;zž } tvu | ‡‰q § {


¡ )R2 -£¢ ¢8 )-¤ 'K¨+¥¤¢Ç§¦ ©Ÿ ¨ U;$ ËiÂ54¡ JÈ#-10‰ÊvÃ/Â5- .Ì (utut .Ì Bg $(y"J B Ì%$ JwÌ„J Í#B Vm¦¥o3• |~} „¤uwtvq‡ | ud‡‰Îty }#¡ rwt+ })| ŒMrwq…tvyi‚¢‡ | } tvu€d8i”1!p¡ ?”Dp§¦~ŒJr5q…tvyi‚¢‡ | ‚?ƒ‚ } tu€‚‰‡¢‚^‡¢Îƒ‚¦rwtuwyiz8tvyu€‚eVfgihJj-k,l§ { ‚ } Ÿ ‡‰qÌ~Ï…Ì B! $Ì%J Ó Ì? Ð8Ð B Ì 8Í < Ð $-O $ B Ì%$Ì )g $Wy Ð J / @x5f.Ìlt Ð $Ì (Ð T g Ì Ð ÏPO Ð J .Ì g $ Ð O ÐLB V%+g t,Ì gMÐ Ì%$ÒÏ Ð < $ Ð Ì[Z B Ì $ Ð .MÌ~Ï Í t\VÐ $DÑDÌ%$ B! ̈Ì~Ï Ó brj;(` Ó brj 1 /X&y g 8Ð Czn"5(Ñ£.ÌZt Ð $Ì 8Ð T g ÌQO g Ì%.MÌWJ Í#BgMÐ JwÌ $ .Ì%$ B! .ÌTÏ Ð ÏV` $Ì Ð.Ì~Ï pMÐ + Ó DF3"1Ñ Í Ì…ÑÌ~χb;€>S J g O Ì 8Í Ñ!Ì~Ï0br'Mj ` B!8Ð J?Ì%J B!Lg Bg8Ð JM.ÌlJ O B Ìl;m¨§!o;pqsrŠ | rwqz8qN{ |¤} ‡¢ | r?‡‰t+5zt | užwr‚¤y2‰q… q‚~u€ržŒ/„(qsrwt+‚ ‚~tœ8u€‚¤ƒŸ©q ¡ yu€‚Ç‚Xr8z5‚¤ ‚‰ŸeVfgihJj-k +MÆ +JĩʜŜÊ+ -‰ÈÆ .MÌ Ï ÐwB t Ð .Ìl. Ð B JX/X&y g(Ð Cz8"5†Šg Ï BÍ t Ñ Ð _ Ìl.Ì%J§ 8Í _ Í Ï J Æ¢ÊvÆ0¢È ¿ V( J .Ì B Ì B Ì%J]i p Ì Ì%$(} Ø-.Ì g tX_ 8Ð ÏT.Ìw1 ` CQt,Ì B! J .ÌÇÏ $(y Í#Bg .IO Ð8Ð Ï Ð . Í J< (Í t Í $ Ð Í V $Z.Ìj Ì~Ï Ð BÍ Ø Í J BÐ Ñ V $^i p Ì Ì%$&} اJwÌyV g Ï Ð $^.Ì~Ï`Ì%J BÐÌ%t ÍB Ì 8Ð . ÍÐ Í Vg $^J g ØÌ~Ï Í . Ð .` Ì~ÏmV` $&. Í †ÌA.Ì Ì‹ 8Ð Í Vt,Ì%. Í ‡[ Ð JwÌ$ Ð ÏHT g ÌAO O Í $ Ð Ì%J B Ì BÍ O .Ìu.Ì B Ì B Ì%J¤Ñ/Ì%$ $;V.ÌA‹ B Ì~Ï…Ì B! $Ì%J Ìy Í J B!(Ð . J¡O Ì~ÏP‹ B t g Ï BÍ OÏ Í Ð . Ì%JH8 Š('*)/ C©(x5 "!$#&% ' $ .Ì~Ïy Ð J¤Ñ` g Ï Ðl` +Ì~Ï|t t,Ì%$ B . $&.Ì, Ì%J g $ Ð $&J BÐ $ B ÌÑ-! Ì%J×Ï Ð O Ì%J Í VÏ Ð t Ð J Ð .Ì^Ï Ð O ÐB V.ÌXO Lg Ì_ Ð JMO Ì~Ï Í t Í $ Ð Ì%J~ÑJÌ Ð ^ g J B V$ Ð Ï.Ì¦Ï Ð t Í JLt Ð Yb 8Ð J g $ $ ^ g $ B ! .ÌXt Ð $Ì 8Ð T g ÌXÏ Ð JÌ..Ì¡O Í $MÌ%J ` } Ð $Ì%JHT g Ì%. Ð(Ð J g O (Í t Í . Ð ÑEO Ì t Ð $ B Ì%$ Í Ì%$&. g $ Ð JwÌ.$ Ð Ï&J g X. Í Ì%$ B ÌfO Ð8Ð Ì~Ï…Ì B! $MÌ%Jg $ Ð t g Ì%J B!8Ð $ g $ Ð O g Ì< Ð J g O Ì 8Í ×Ð Ï088:`/ (30¥i $ÉÌ~ÏÏ Ï y V JwÌ


¤£ ` >,5rO O Í $ Ð $ÉÌ~Ï0J Í J B Ì%t Ð .ÌX. Í JKO Ð ¢p Ì Ì%$(} Ø .Ì%$ B! .MÌ g $ Ð ØÌ%$ BÐ $ Ð .Ì:(3 $&J $&J BÍ#Bg&` Ì%$ Ì~Ï B!8Í yyÌ O (Í $ Í O Рϥ :¦Ï)t Í Jt BÍ Ì%tAO ÑiÍ J B Ì%t Ð .Ì_ ÌTÌ%$ $ B!8Ð JÌ%Ì%$ t . .Ì%J g O Ð . / $ B! U Ó 5(Ñ Í Ì…Ñ‹Ï J„.Ì B Ì B Ì%J Ó brj7Z / . $&.ÌÌ~Ï;J Ð J .MÌw$ g Ì¤Ø $ ` Ï Ð Ï…Ì Bg 8Ð *qJ BÐ>BÐ^wÌ BÐ . Ð V$-.MÌw. Ð B J O 8Í $. Í O Ð Ï ÐWB!(Ð ØHV§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032U;$?J Í J B Ì%t Ð .Ì B! Ì%J Ï]V Ð t Í $ Ð J;.Ì"†Ì%$ B Ì~ÏÏ Ð . 1#/B>¡$ Рχ.ÌÏ Jr.Ì B Ì B Ì%J)i p Ì Ì%$(} Ø/ |d‡Œ¦¥§¥ j[d"5fO Ð8Ð Ï Ð,Ð .OT gMÍ J Í Í V $ .Ìl. Ð B J¤Ñ tuOÏ…Ì%t,Ì%$ BÐ $&. Ï Ð JwÌÍ V $ZCz1#z4"5 JwÌ/vØÌ @:AB3A©¨3A ¦P G OVI°O:GJ²P©± ÊvÆ0¢È ¿+\äÈ%Ã3ÊvÆ 9 + -‰ÂÐ X&y g(Ð C©(3]JwÌ)t g Ì%J B!(Ð g $*Ì%JRT g Ì%t Ð J Í tAOÏ ÍX5 Ð . .ÌÏ Ð JwÌ g Ì%$ ÍÐ .Ì). Í JKO Ð O Ð8Ð Ì~Ï Ìy Í J B! *q$*Ïg $ J g †Ì%J M[ Ð Í $ Í .Ì%$ ÍÐ .M̧JwÌ. $ Ð Ï…Ì%JÉÌ%$ Ï J B! Ì%J †Ì%$ B Ì~ÏÏ Ð . Ì%J $ Ï Ð .Ì Ð tX_ J-.Ì B Ì B Ì%J.MÌZ ½ (#Ñz1Ñz4"5(Ñ Ì~Ï0*cic:)[0j` .Ì%tVJ;J g _YJ Í J B Ì%t Ð Jr.Ì_ Ì%$ pMÐ _ Ì ;B Ì t Í $ Ð . $%Ì~ÏTJ g †Ì%J Ð $ B Ì 8Í |:;.Ì%tV Ð JÐ$ BÍ Ì%tAO t g Ì B .ÌMo‡J O Ð8Ð T g Ì×Ì~Ï&J g †Ì%J Ï…ÌhVO Ï Ð J BÐ^5Ì BÐ J.MÌ×Ì%J B Ì ÌWT gMÍ J ÍB Ñ JÌr.Ì ^ Ð g $wO ÌWT g Ì` . Ð .T gÍ J Í Í V $ˆ/Wc¡ 5 pMÐxǸÐ J Í . .MÌ tuOÏ…Ì BÐ t,Ì%$ B Ì O †Ì%J Ð . l m©n)o –/r yi § ‚ ¡ } už‚¤;‡‰Mr5qsrwt+ § ‚X‡‰^‡¤qsrvŠN‚~u | Ÿ ¥!u×t+¢t | Ši‚¤u€‚ § { ‚¤r‡¢8tœ‚~… wr8ŸeVfgNhJj-kÐ JwÌ. $ Ð Ïc.ÌW. Í JKO Ð Ì%JÌ%t Í#BÍ . Ð O ]g $^J Í J B Ì%t Ð @MRK+ (( Ð Ï ^ Ð . Ì%$ Ï Ð Ð _ Í $ Ð .Ì Ï ÐIB t Ð .Ì[Ð B J(*qJ BÐ JwÌ $ Ð ÏŽJw̦Ì%$iØ=V.$uO Ì%JwÌ%$ B Ì%JŠÏ J (%o]t\V . g Ï Jf.Ì)J Í Ï Í Í Ñ` ÐÇÐ Ï J B! Ì%J¡J g _YJ Í J B Ì%t Ð Jq.MÌ Ð .T gMÍ J Í Í VÌ~Ï Ð Ï V $ yÌ%$Ì 8Ð Ïf.Ì~ÏfJ g †Ì%J *q$ Ì~Ï` t,Ì B! *cic:)[0j `§g $^J Í J B Ì%t Ð i¡:)+I:Mi ((fO Ð8Ð Ï ÐRÍ $(‹ t Ð Í V.Ì Ï JMt\V$ Рχ.ÌX. Í JKO Ð Ì%J Ì Í _ Í . Ð O Ï ÐwBÐ^5Ì BÐYÍ $ B Ì t,Ì%. ÍÐ(ÍÐ Ñ BÐ^wÌ BÐÏ Ð JwÌ. . g Ï J¡.MÌ J Í Ï Í Í ‚"R @)SÎÑ#Ì%$ B! Ì?Ï Ð¦Ð .OT gMÍ J Í Í VÐ Ï Ð .MÌ%$A.Ì¡.Ì%J< Ð y Ð .Ì¡. Ð B J Ð Ï Ð J BÐ^5Ì BÐ J $ .MÌ‘Ï Ð JwÌbMj)' Ð OJÏ Ð . Ð J Ð ÏŠdflo†O|Rj[†ˆ‹ *£$ Ï Ð JXbrj>' BÍ Ì%$MÌYÏ g y Ð Ï Ð . Í y Í#BÐ Ï Í < Ð Í V$ Ð Ïf.Ì Ð . Ð Ð $ Ð Ï . g Ï ` Bg Ï $ Ð JWV.MÌ% Ð . Ð t\V $ˆ.ÌA. Ð B Jƒ/vØÌ Ð O V` Ï Ð Ì%. g Í V1"50[ ÐÉÍ $(‹ t Ð Í V` Ì%. g Í . Ð Ì%J^Ì%$!Ø ÍÐ . ÐÐ Ï Ð Ð .T gMÍ J Í Í VÌ%JX.Ì,Ï Ð BÐ^wÌ BÐ ‚R6@;SÎÑ g J Ð $Y. g $?O B Ï .Ì t g $ Í Ð Í $Ì%J×Ì%JKO Ì}V $XY$ Ð Ï `X5 / :)+ Ó Œ Í ÌE5,T g ÌlJÌ g(BÍ Ï Í < Ð VÐ Ì%$TÏ Ð t Í J Í V€ B! .ÌÏ J¡J Í J B Ì%t Ð JT g Ì Ì Í _ Ì%$YÏ Ð JwÌ$ Ð ÏP.Ì . Í JKO Ð Ì%J g $ $ BÐ . ic:>+I:Mi£T g Ì BÍ Ì%$MÌ^Ï ÐXBÐ Ì ÐÍ J B!8Í _ gMÍ Ì~ÏP$ V g t,Ì .Ì J g †Ì%J Ð]B . J?Ï J¡.MÌ B Ì B Ì%J|i $ Ì%J B O .Ì%t J Ð J ÍÐ?Í $(‹ t Ð Í V $W.Ì.MÌ>.$IJ g †Ì%J $ Ì B Ì%$ÔÌ~Ï Ó brj7Z $ÔÌ~Ï t Í Jt J g †Ì%J Ì%$ÔÌ~Ï *fic:)[0j ` Ï Ð‘Í $(‹ t Ð Í V $ Ìy Í J B!8Ð . Ð Ì%$gÌ~ÏTic:)+I:Mi &*£J BÐug $ Í . Ð . Ð .Ì%t\VÐ J Ìy Í J B!8Ð Ï Ð J g Ì%$ BÐ J;:;jlit,Ì%. Í . Ð JdÌ%$TÏ J¡.MÌ B Ì B Ì%J>i p Ì Ì%$(} Ø `


¡ )R2 -£¢ ¢8 )-¤ 'K¨+¥¤¢Ç§¦ ©Ÿ ¨ Ð BÍ Ø Ð . ` Ì~Ï $iØÌ LBÍ . J Í#BgMÐ . Ì%$ Ï Ð ÏV $!ØÌ J Í V $Q.MÌ B!8Ð O ÐLB VBÍ Ì$ .Ì)t Ð%` ×Í $ B Ì V‚¦‚‰ztvq…„¤‚¢‡ | £¦¥¨§1˜©§ ©¡©M¥ rwq/8Dz |~} „¤uwtvq‡ | u | t Ð .Ìl. Ð B J]/ d‡r¨†vj c 5r.ÌÌ%$ B! Ì t,Ì%. ÍÐAp 8Ðw`Qg $ Ðwp 8Ð BÏ Ð X&y g 8Ð C©(%1 JwÌvt g Ì%J B!8Ð $ B! Ì%JYÌ ^5Ì%tuOÏ JW.ÌRÏ Ð ‹ t Ð .ÌÔÏ Ð J B!8Ð < Ð JWO Ð8Ð J g †Ì%J J‘Ì%$ B! Ì%J*q$ÊvÈ#4 0¢Â\äȵÅÂJÆ*à +0¢ÂJÆÐ J .Ì g $ÇÌ~Ï…Ì B! V $B V gMÐ Ï Ð .Ì B Ì Í VÌ‹vÌ $u.Ì¡J g †Ì%J J ¢ . _Ï…Ì%J £ Ñ#Ì%J .Ì Í© Ñ Ð T g Ì~ÏÏ J¤Ì%$,Ï JFT g Ì pÐ $XO Ð J Ð . t\V> X.Ì. g8Ð $ B Ì¦Ï Ð„B t Ð .ÌX. Ð B J 3Ð8Ð Ì~ÏÏ JwÌ Ð _ Ì g $ Ð ¢ ØÌ%$ BÐ $ Ð0£ .Ì Ð .OT gMÍ J Í Í V $ÉÌ%$RÌ~Ï †Ì%$ B Ì~ÏÏ Ð . / D CÑ¡ G5 ‡J¡O Ð(Ð t Ð Ð Ï Ð,Ð O Ð8Í Í V` g Ï Ð ÂDäÂÆYÃ/ÈÔ 9 È#- +MËiÊ À Â54¤£¢À / Æ0'ÊË,+ -'È!ËNÂ53JÊvà +È!Æ<strong>02</strong>+MÃÌ%J BÐ _ Ð*q$WyÌ%$Ì 8Ð ÏKÑMÏ J¡. Ð B JrJwÌ Ð .T gMÍ(Í Ì $YÌ%$ g $ Ð $YX&y g 8Ð Í V $ Ì%$ÉÏ Ð T g Ì^Ì~Ï Ð tAO t Ð y"$aVÌ%JcO Ð8ÐÌ%J B ̈Ì%J Bg . Í O g Ì%J B T g Ì,Ì%J Ì%$ Ï Ð T g ÌAO .Ì%t J _ B Ì%$Ì J g †Ì%J J .Ì,Ì%t Í J Í V $?.MÌA‹ B $Ì%J / ` O J B Ì 8Í ` $Ì Ð .Ì~Ï pMÐ


§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032R<strong>un</strong> 870 Event 16544626A) Sin campo magnetico -- Sin convertidorR<strong>un</strong>1462 Event 4441127 Energy 2.956 (GeV)B) Campo magnetico -- Sin convertidorR<strong>un</strong>1<strong>02</strong>1 Event 4129038 Energy 6.876 (GeV)C) Campo magnetico -- ConvertidoreVfgihJj-k*l m©n8Mo;”!yiz5r | r‹t~{Šqz | rׇ‰z5‚¢‡‰‚Xz |¤}- J¡ yu€‚¢z8qN{ |¤} } )”1p ¦,£œ„-qsr5t+‚¦rwy-Šiuwq | uœ¥ | x8t+ } q‡ | rz |¤} y } Š)u |€¡ u€‚ § ‚¨y } qz5‚q -‚‰‡ | uX‡‰¦rwyiz5wr | r¡ 3‚5¥¦rwq } z5‚ § Š |§ ‚ ¡¢} { 8tqz |Ç} q¢z |¤} „†8uwtq‡ | u5ŒV ‚¤r tvu€‚(-‚¤rr |¤} r8 } z8q…… ‚†r^¦užžz8t+‚†r£¢xK¥ {„-qsrwyi‚¤ } t+‹z5‚ § Š |?§ ‚ ¡¢} { 8tqz | Œ ‚†rVtvu€‚-(‚¤r3rÎz8yuw„†‚ } }§|¤} ¥¤¦¢JzK¥zž‚ § Š | z |¤} „¤8uwtq‡ | u5ŒJ | r¨§ | t |¤} wr‹ § q…tvq‡ | r‚ ‡¤q…u€5z5z8qN{|¤} ŒV‡‰ §| ‡ | yi ‚5ŠN‚Š | ux8u€ § r5rwtu€‚-Ž# y }#¡ tq } }| x5‚¢x8q… q‡¢‚‰‡Y‡‰ z |¤} „¤8u5r5qN{ |~} } y } Ši‚¤uƒžz8tvu1{ |¤} ƒŠ | rwq…tvu1{z8quwt+‚Šuužžz5 } tužwr¦tu€‚--‚†r8Ÿ;–3©z©{| ‡¤q ¡'| ‡‰Xz | | u€rr u | ¢ | Ši‚¤u€‚, ‚†r^tuž‚(-‚†r } ¡ ‚~tq…„¤‚†r,£K8 5ztvu |¤} wrœ¥†ŒV‚(8yŠN‚~u€‚ ‚¤r:Š | rwq…tvq…„†‚¤r£ Š | rwq…tvu |¤} wrœ¥¢Ÿ


Ì%tAO .MÌ pMÐ (F>!4-1*243£546¥789 Ð W РχJ WÉÏ J¡O Ì0UÌ%J BÐ Ï…Ì%J¤Ñ)Ì~Ï Ø Ð Ï t,Ì0U Í UÌ~Ï †gMÍ U UÌ~Ï Ð W Ð Ïcbd¨fe(ÑÌ~Ï Ì%J BÐ Bg JgUMÌ~Ï Ð W Ð Ï ` Ï Ð UMÌ%JwØ ÍÐ Í VC©( a Ñ Í W ¤Ï gÍ U Ð Ì0W{U Í p V`: Ì WYJ B!Lg Í VÌ0WDÑ. t Ì W&J B!Lg Í V Ì‹vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ ÑMÏ Ð XYy g8ÐWÌ Ð UMÌ pMÐw \_qJ B ÌXO †Ì%J `U g Ï J€UÌ~Ï Ó brjxX-JwÌ pMÐ W Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð U Í W B Ì W Ð t,Ì0W B Ì W B! Ì%JXO Ð VW Ð Ï Ì0UÌ0U UÌ~ÏDÌ ^w̳XшXo^ Ð W]U Ì~Ï V Ð W&y g Ï Ì Ð Ï Í WMÌ_V Ì~Ï Ó brj;( g J Ð W]U Ï Jrt Í Jt J 8Í#B Ì (Í J T g ÌÌ0WÉÌ~ÏPO Ð J Ð W B Ì 8Í Ó¡ iµ.M£¢ž¨¥¤ ¦)^8©¨‘N ¢8 2¢- ~¨ #¢¢8 Ì_ Í . Ð Ï Ð $̆Ì%J Í . Ð . .Ì Ì Ð Ï Í < Ð O Lg Ì_ Ð JlJ _ ̈Ì~Ï ?V . Í y j Ì%. g Í V $DÑ Ð Ï Ï Ð y .Ì B . Ì~Ï.MÌÐ Ï Ì%J§ y Í . X$ Ð Ït,Ì%$ B Ì¡O Ð8Ð Ï Ð JwÌ%t Í ÏÏ Ð / C¨05 O Ì B Ì%$Y.Ì Ð Ï© Ð $(< Ðfg $% tAO t Í J Ì%$ B! Ì¦Ï Ð Ì%J BÐ ._V ` J BÍ ÐØ*q$ÔÏ ÐuBÐ _Ï Ð C©(wJwÌw.Ì BÐ ÏÏ Ð $RÏ Ð J Ð(Ð B Ì V.ÌÇØ Í J BÐ .ÌÇÏ Ð $X(Dg 8Ð Í V $Z.Ì Ï Ð; Ì%. g Í V $Q.MÌ . Ð B Jykk‘l m©n!o;—:y } wrׇ¢¦‡¢‚~t | r } §5y } zqN{ |~} ‡‰?ƒ‚^r8 § q…… ‚¦y#r8‚¢‡‰‚¢Ÿ78=24618G:09H IJ 3JK: L !4-1*>NMOA"!R/O=>F>!0-O*P O¡Q!F ; /.OA"!E/1>(F>!4-1*8=:88S6.8=:,5,T[ JVU Ð B J g(BÍ Ï Í < Ð U J)O Ð8Ð Ï J Ì%J g Ï BÐ U J^Ì0W Ì%J BÐ JlO †g Ì_ Ð J JwÌ% < Ì%JKO W(UÌ0W Ð Ï JAT g Ì,Ì%tAO Í Ì< Ð W Ì0U g Í V W UMÌÌ0WRÌ~Ï Lg W?G#(0X ǸÐ T g ÌÇÏ J;O Ì¤Ø Í J Р̆Ì0WYUÌ g W Ð ØÌ J Í VW Ì Ð Ït,Ì0W B ̦ØV Ð Ï Í U Ð UÌ~Ï7?V U Í y JZUÌ BÐ ÏÏÌ%JZUÌ Ï J Ð Ïy 8Í#B t J¡O g Ì0UÌ0WÉÌ0W W B!8Ð JÌ Ì0WÉÌ~Ï Ð O V ` Bg Ï X ` Ì0W (0X ¥[[ Ð Ì0U g Í V WYUÌ[U Ð B J ÌWT gMÍ Ì Ì$UÌ~Ï g J g W Ð J? Ð Ï Í _ 8Ð Í WÌ%J>O Ì 8Í V U Í Ð J~Ñ\UÌ%J Ð BÍ Ø Ð W]U UÌB Ì%tAO D(Ð Ït,Ì0W B Ì Ï ÐIB t ÐÐ B J`_£J BÐ J Ð Ï Í _ (Ð Í WÌ%J B Ì0W_V ` Ð W°Ï g y Ð Ð U Ð n?t Í W g(B J¤Ñ W Ï T g Ì g W Lg WUÌ^UB V C% Ð Ï Í _ 8Ð Í WMÌ%J[ JAU Ð B J Ìy Í J B!8Ð U JÎÌ0W Ì%J B Ì O †Ì%J O Ð8Ð Ð U Ð` O Í UÌ t,Ì0U ÍÐ]p 8ÐÐ _ Ð Ð _ Ð[a V WB V Ð W(U Ð Ì%JUÌ¦Ï JdØ Ð Ï Ì%Jr_ †g(B JAUÌVh)j iibd¨]jdk.l0mon0e2431pA3 q >Er[:tsš>


§©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032l;m©n )o –/r yi § ‚X‡¢ ‚Xu€5z |¤} rwtvuwyiz5zqN{ |~} ŸeVfgihJj-k


Ó Ì" tuOÏ…Ì BÐ WÔÏ J Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð t Í Ì0W B JgUMÌ~Ï Ó bMj( ` UÌ~Ï Ó brjxX Í W B Ì W Ð t,Ì0W B ÌÏ Í _ Ì 8Ð W(U Ï Ð J BÐ Í WMÌ%JCÏ Ì0UÌ0U UÌ Ï J×Ì ^wÌ%J $ Ì Õ Ð8Ð J3Ì~Ï Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð t Í Ì0W B ÑÏ Ð JDU Í J B!8Í _ g Í WÌ%J+UÌ×Ï J Ì%J Í U g J¤Ì0W Ð U Ð W Í ØÌ~ϨT g Ì0U Ð W;†Ì0W B!8Ð U Ð J¢Ì0WØ Ð Ï Ì%JbW(‹Ì (Í Ì%J Ð C ‡tÉÑJ Í Ì0W(U Ï Ð t,Ì0U ÍÐ UMÌ ¡ _HC,] X_ G ‡t Ì0W Ï Ð # UÌ0W Ð U Ð=$ ` # ¡ _ X] X_ ¡ ‡t Ì0W Ï ÐÍÌ%JgUÌ~Ï UÌ0WuUÌ~Ï XV` #ˆC‹` Ì[Z@†ÌO B O Ð8Ð Ì~χtV U g Ï oET g Ì' Ð J Í©Ð Ï© Ð W w~Ð Ì~Ï ( ¡ ` -¢NK¨ )'a Ó Ì Ð Ï Í WÌ_VJ Í t g Ï B VÐ WÌ Ð tˆÌ0W B ÌTÌ~Ï Ó brj;(#Ñ g(BÍ Ï Í w~Ð W(U B!8Ðw~Ð J t g WÌ%J W Ì~Ï Ó bMjX ` X}^ Ð W(U Ï Ð JO J Í Í WÌ%JAUMÌÌ%J B Ì&Vg Ï BÍ t o# Vg Ï BÍ t Ñ&JwÌ Ð Ï Í WMÌ_V U g Ï Ó bMj aug J Ð W(U B!8Ðw~Ð J t g WÌ%J W%Ì~Ï Ó brjxX#Ì~Ï0t\V[ J Ì%J g Ï BÐ U J Ì0W§‹ t Ð UÌ Ì%J Í U g J £ JwÌ„t g Ì%J B!8Ð WÒÌ0WÒÏ Ð X&y g 8Ð C©(NC-O Ð8Ð Ï J€UÌ B Ì B Ì%J Ó brj;(brjxX#|[ Ð U Í JKO Ì J Í V W^UÌÇÏ J Ø Ð Ï Ì%J †Ì0W B!8Ð Ï…Ì%JUÌÇÏ J)t\V U g Ï JÌ%J Í W(‹vÌ 8Í Ð C ‡t _:Ï Ì%J Í U g `RÓÌ0WRÌ~ÏtV U g Ï Ó bMj a Jw̃t g Ì%J B!(Ð Ì0W Ï Ð X&y g(Ð C©(%o# ÓgÒÐ W peg 8Ð Ì%J UÌ~Ï UMÌ0WvUÌYÏ Ð J a ¡¢¡ ‡tÉÑ BÐ Ï t JwÌÌWT gMÍ Ì Ì>O Ð8Ð Ï J?Ì%J Bg U Í JdÌ%JO;Ì}V `X. JZUÌ~Ï _ciNh;[ajResiduos (µm)Residuos: media y error <strong>de</strong>l ajuste Gaussiano1086420-2-4-6-8-10STD1STD2Alineamiento XAlineamiento Y0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Nivelm©n¢l o;—:rwq‡¤y | r? } z5‚‰‡¢‚ § { | ‡¤y | tu€‚¤rJ‚~ q } 5‚ § q } t | ŸeVfgihj-k‘l # UÌ0W Ð U ÐÕ ZµI¨:O‹­ š­KIJ¨©²P OVIF^OVIM²#IJH²#P©L¤£‹H)GDF©­¦¥:LNGDH­©P©¨VI±@:A@VAB3AÏ Ð J BÐ _Ï Ð J]C X ` C a JwÌWt g Ì%J B!8Ðvg W Ì%J g t,Ì0W UÌ Ï J Ì%J g Ï BÐ U J€UÌ Ð Ï Í _ 8Ð Í V_cWÏ J B! Ì%J W^O Ð8ÐÌ 8Í U JMO 8Í W. Í O Ð Ï…Ì%JZUMÌ B t Ð UÌ?U Ð B JŽ[ Ð ‹ 8Ð Í V W UÌ Ð W Ð Ï…Ì%J t Ð Ð U J t †gMÍ U J J t g Ì LB JOB! U Ð B Ð UÌ%J BÐ Ð Ì%J¢Ï Ð^Ð Ï BÐ Ø Ð(ÍÐ _ Í Ï Í U Ð UVUÌ×Ï J O Ì0UÌ%J BÐ ÏÌ%JUÌ g W Ð Ð Ï Í _ 8Ð Í V W Ð Ï Ð J Í y gMÍ Ì0W B Ì£_‹Ï€O _Ï…Ì%t Ð UÌRW t Ð W B Ì0WÌ Ì%J B JdØ Ð Ï Ì%J‹Ì0W g W 8Ð W(y Ð UÌ gMÐ U b O UÌ_ Ð ^ UÌ g W Ð g Ì0W BÐ e(Ñ W(U g †Ì"$#&%'©$#(¢)+*©,")#-.*©©!/*©01*©*©-23/*©4!05"#)¢-,4 !§©¨¤©!0#-#8!;,!


¡¢¡ §©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032# EntradasResiduo [µm] en STD 3, Y353<strong>02</strong>520Entries 1114Mean 18.91RMS 318.4χ 2/ ndf105.3 / 87Constant 25.65 ±1.20Mean 19.83 ±9.23Sigma 264.4 ±8.6# EntradasResiduo [µm] en STD 3, X353<strong>02</strong>520Entries 1114Mean 7.152RMS 3<strong>02</strong>.4χ 2/ ndf99.41 / 86Constant 26.28 ±1.29Mean 20.34 ±8.78Sigma 241.8 ±8.515151010550-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000Residuo ( µ m)0-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000Residuo ( µ m)eVfgihJj-k\l m©n ¤)o¤—:rwq‡¤y | } tuž ‚Šu€5‡~qzžz8qN{|¤} ‡‰ ‚‘¢tvu€‚5Š | ‚¢z8qN{|¤} ‡¢81”1p ¦ ‚¤1”1p£¢**/q § Ši‚¢z8t |*§ ž‡~q‡ | }{ y tvq §^| Ÿ rwtœŒ¤ƒ‚¢‡ |¡ Œ©uwy } wr’ ¦2 £¢ © ›'Ÿ©”) § yirwtu€‚ ‚LJ¢r5„-q‚¢z8qN{ |¤} rwt{|¤} kkÉl;mMo —‹wrwy t+‚¢‡ | r‡¢‚Çz5‚¤ qx8u€‚¢z8qN{‚ } ‡‰‚¤u ‡‰ | rŠi5‡¢rwtœ‚~ wr5Œ8¤uwyq‡ |‘§ 5‡~q ||~} rwt{|¤} ‡¢ˆz5‚ } ‚¤ r‡¢ | rz5‚ } ‚¤ƒwr5Œ× ‚ɇ¢rw„(q‚‰zqN{‚ } ‡¢‚~u‡‰ˆ‡¤qz5Ž | uwyq‡ | Œ×‘ ‚ §5u€‚‰zžz8qN{‚¤užzž‚‰‡ | r z |~§^| § yi8uwt | r | uwyq‡ | r | r5ŒŠ | u § { | ‡~y | Ÿ§¤ *£*>¡*2 F 9 I F H: 9 F I7 9 F 9£20597 F I I F H03 9 F 2,I 9 F 9£20I8: F 5 I F 74H 9 F I9 9 F 9,3£22T F 5 I F T2 9 F IT 9 F 9£20IIH F 7 I F 5,5 9 F 2: 9 F 9,3£23I F 9 I F I2 9 F I£: 9 F 9T,5:T F 3 I F 5,T 9 F 2,I 9 F 9£20552 F I I F :7 9 F 28 9 F 9£2878 F I I F :8 9 F 8=T 9 F 9£205H2 F 2 I F H£7 9 F 28 9 F 9£20IT89 F 2 I F 5,5 9 F :2 9 F 9,3T898=: F I 3 F 9,5 9 F II 9 F 9£20T8,8T F 3 3 F 9£7 9 F I8 9 F 9I,58=2H F 2 I F T,5 9 F 2,H 9 F 98H8I8,8 F T I F H,H 9 F 32 9 F 98H83T F : : F 89 9 F T5 9 F 9I,T8=:


ËiÄ 9 +MËiÊ À Â54 ¢Ð J _ Ð ^ JTO Ð8Ð Ï Ð JwÌ%t Í ÏÏ Ð Ñ Ð Ï Ðg t,Ì0W BÐ Ì~Ï W Í ØÌ~Ï!Ì‹vÌ BÍ Ø Ð J JwÌ0W Í ÏÏ Ó Ì:Ì[Z Í yÌ0W B!8Ðw~Ð J _ Í Ì0W" W&J B!LgMÍ U Ð J©Ì0W Ó bMj( `¦Ó brjxX ` g W Í tAO Ð B äÈ%Ë8+.47+ÅvÈÆ8Í t,Ì Ï g y Ð JwÌWt g Ì%J B!8Ð W Ï J pMÍ J B y 8Ð t Ð J€UÌ g O Ð Í V_cW^O¤Ï g J B Ì JbX&y g8Ð C©(¤£ei t W Í ØÌ~Ï…Ì%JAU _ÏÌ%J¤ÑÌ¤Ø ÍBÐ W(U Ð Ï Í _ 8Ð Í V Ì‹vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ ÑØHV¨ U g Ï JdÌ0WTÏ J VUÌ †gMÍ U b Xe` -¢NK¨ )' ¡ŒÎƒ‚¢‡ | ”iŒ‹uwy } r 78=2¡ 8=:,9,H Ÿ1” § yir5tvu€‚ˆ ‚*‡‰wrw„-q‚¢z8qN{ |¤} r5t){|¤} kk\l;m¡ )o3—‹wrwy t+‚¢‡ | rX‡¢¦ ‚‘z5‚¤ qx8u€‚¢z8qN{‚ } ‡¢‚~u¦‡¢‚ } ‡¢‚~u¦‡¢‡~qzžŽ | uwyq‡ | Xƒ‚ §5už‚¢z5zqN{r¢Ši5‡¢r5t+‚¤ƒwr5ŒV;uwyq‡ |¦§ ž‡~q | ‡¢¦ | r¦z5‚ } ‚~ ržŒ3 ‚‡¢rw„(q‚‰zqN{ |~} r5t){||~} ‡¢z5‚ } ‚¤ r‚¤užzž‚‰‡ | r z |~§^| § yi8uwt | r | uwyq‡ | r | r5ŒŠ | u § { | ‡~y | Ÿ§¤ *£*>¡*8 F T 2 F H: 9 F 8=5 9 F 9£2099: F 5 2 F H2 9 F 8=5 9 F 98,88: F H I F 9,9 9 F 2£7 9 F 9£2,22I F : 2 F 52 9 F 22 9 F 983I: F 7 2 F 5: 9 F HT 9 F 9,3H37 F 7 2 F H£7 9 F 2£7 9 F 9T03:I F 7 2 F 3£2 9 F 83 9 F 9£20955 F 2 2 F 7<strong>02</strong> 9 F 28 9 F 98G779 F T 2 F I£7 9 F 8=I 9 F 99,5H8 F 5 2 F 7<strong>02</strong> 9 F 8G: 9 F 9I,9T3 F 7 2 F H2 9 F II 9 F 9,3889: F 8 2 F :05 9 F 8G: 9 F 9838,83 F 9 2 F 5,I 9 F 8G: 9 F 9£278=25 F 8 2 F H: 9 F 2: 9 F 9£20I8I3 F 7 2 F H2 9 F I£: 9 F 9£2,283: F 9 2 F H,T 9 F I£: 9 F 9£278=:Ð Ï Ð¦Í tAO J Í _ Í Ï Í U Ð URUÌ g(BÍ Ï Íow~Ð Ø Ð Ï Ì%J t\V¤Ï g J B Ì Ì W&J B!†gMÍ U (_£J B B!8Ð Ì t W&JÌ g Ì0W ÍÐABÐ tX_ Í V Ì0W g W Ð; Ì0U g Í V WÉÌ0WRÏ Ð Ì’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ ÑMÌ0WÌ0W%Ì~ÏÐ T g Ì~ÏÏ J Ð J J?Ì0WRÏ J T g Ì Ï Ð J< Í Ï Ð Í V WTÏÏÌ¤Ø Ð,Ð Ï Ð JrJwÌ%t Í ÏÏ Ð JcO UÌ_ Ð ^ UÌ~Ï g tX_ 8Ð Ï Ì%J BÐ _Ï…Ì Í U Ñ t V Ð O J B Ì 8Í t,Ì0W B ÌJÌØÌ@:A@VA©¨3A ZµI¨:O‹­ š­KIJ¨©²P OVIF^OVIM²#IJH²#P©L¤£‹HF€¬:±‰²IMLi±¤Ð(Ð Ì%J B ÌÎÌ%J Bg U Í JwÌ g(BÍ Ï Íow~Ð W Ø Ð8Í J Lg WÌ%J+UÌ Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð t Í Ì0W B Ñ¢Ì0WÏ JbT g Ì‹Ì~Ï,O †Ì%J UÌ W&J B!Lg Í V WUMÌ B!8Ðw~Ð J¤Ì%J t\VÌ0W Ó brj a ÑÏ J Í#B JUÌdÌ%J BÐ JwÌ Í V WJ g †Ì%J J¤Ñ"J g X. Í Ì0W B ÌfO Ð8Ð Ï J O OmVT g Ì W(U g †Ì Ð g W Ð Ì%J BÐ U_V` J BÍ Ð UÌ g W Jo ¡¢¡¢¡ WUÌ B U JÏ J; Ð W Ð ÏÌ%J Í W ¤Ï gMÍ U JÌ0WÐ JÌ BÐ t _ Í V Ì0W Ï Ð X&y g(Ð C©( a (_qJ£O J Í _ÏÌ?ØÌ T g ̦Ì~Ï pMÐw O Ð J ÐÌ WO xw W Ð Jl_ Í Ì0W UÌ’X]W Í U Ð J T g Ì Ð _ Ð Ð W Ð O Z Í t Ð U Ð t,Ì0W B Ì g W=†Ì0W B Ì0W Ð UÌ% Ð W Ð Ï…Ì%J‡[ Ð 8Í Ì0W BÐ Í VO J Í Í V W[UÌ~Ï pMÐw Ì%J BÐ Ï=T g ÌMO Ð(Ð B!8Ðw~Ð J Ì BÐ JcO Ð J Ð W„O Ì0U t Í W Ð W B Ì%t,Ì0W B ÌMO cg W UÌ Ï JÎÏ Ð U J©UÌ¦Ï JÐ JWVg Ï BÍ t JAW Í ØÌ~ÏÌ%JAUÌ~Ï Ó brjxX#` Ï Ð ¢ w W Ð t g Ì BÐ0£ Ì0W B! ÌzU Jrt\VȦ¥ 4 +ÅÎÆ~¨§7-'È -'ĤÊvÃ/Â` g Ï Ð UÌ Í W Í w~Ð Í VÐ J Í yW ÍX. Ð W ÍÐ UMÌÎÏ Ð JwÌ W Ð ÏtUÌ g W Ð O ÐB VUMÌ‹Ï` W Í t Ð Ñ]T g Ì Ð _ Ð T g Ì Ð W Ð Ï…Ì%J¤Ñ JwÌ pÐ UÌ B Ì t Í W Ð U Ï Ð 8Ðw V W]JwÌ©W Ð ÏJ _ Ì LgMÍ U O Ð8Ð Ð U Ð;g W UÌÎÏ J7¤Ï g J B Ì J¤ÑEt,Ì0U ÍÐ W B ÌŠ¤Ð(Ð Ì~Ï!Ì%J Bg U Í WXt V¦ ½ Ï Ð Ð y Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï Ð W Ð Ï?UÌ~Ï ¤Ï g Ì ` ¨Ì~Ï LgMÍ U t,Ì0U Í U Ì0W U Í p Ð W Ð ÏRU g(Ð W ÌµÏ Ð Í Ì0W(U W 0[ pMÍ ! y (Ð t Ð UMÌ*Ì Ð Ð W Í U Ð U Ð8Ð-g W UÌ‘Ï t\V U g Ï Ì t g Ì (Ð WÒÌ0W Ï Ð XYy g8Ð


¡ §©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ ,-/.1032©(¥¤) Ó Ì pMБР^ g Ð U b Ye m ½Ð W ! _cW' Ì UÌ(W U Ð W Ð Ï…Ì Ñ W]Wlt,Ì0W b (%oV`[e †Ì0W Ð ^wÌ UMÌ ¤Ï Ì W Ì Ð Ð W Ð ÏÌ ¤Ïb a eOcupancia <strong>de</strong> los clusters: modulo 0Ocupancia <strong>de</strong> los clusters: modulo 412000Lado SLado K800070001000080006000400<strong>02</strong>000division entre sensores K600050004000300<strong>02</strong>0001000<strong>02</strong>00 400 600 800 1000No.canalOcupancia <strong>de</strong> los clusters: modulo 13<strong>02</strong>00 400 600 800 1000No.canalOcupancia <strong>de</strong> los clusters: modulo 141000600080050004000600300040<strong>02</strong>00<strong>02</strong>001000<strong>02</strong>00 400 600 800 1000No.canal<strong>02</strong>00 400 600 800 1000No.canal‡~y | r3‡¢8¢”1!p¡ ‹V”1!p§¦~Œ: | r¤‡ | r‘{ y tvq §^| r¤‡¢8‰”Dp ¦¢Œ|eVfgihJj-k^l;m©n io§Vz8y-ŠN‚‰zqN{|~} ‡‰¢z5‚ } ‚~ rMŠi‚¤u€‚‹ | rŠuwq § u | r § {|~} ‡¢8Ši‚¤už‚Xtvu€‚-(‚¤r?u€5zt+‚†r8Ÿ–3 § {| ‡~y | ¢¦r8dŽi‚¤… ‚, } ‚ |~} ‚ § }| r¡ vq… y § q } ‚¢‡‰‚£¢VŠ | u 8Ži‚(Œ3‡‰‚¢‡‰‚Ç ‚¦q } z8 q } ‚‰zqN{§ qsr §^| Ÿg W Ð ‹ g W Í V W?[ Ð W(U Ðg Ð8Ð Ð U Ð t\V U g Ï ` Ï Ì g Ï Ð U Í W]U Í Ð W g W Ð% Ì~Ï Ð Í V WÌ. W Рϧ¦ LgMÍ U UÌ Ð Z Í t Ð U Ð t,Ì0W Ì £# (Š©( Ð8Ð Ì~Ï¤Ï Ð U ©¨ Ñ ` UÌwnŠ©( Ð8Ð Ì~Ï3Ï Ð U Ó Ñ tˆÌ0U ÍÐ W(U Ð Ï U g Ï S/N lado S: modulo 0 Entries 6357Entradas/binχ 2/ ndf208.3 / 50500Width 0.8326 ±0.<strong>02</strong>38MP 7.678 ±0.039400Area 3200 ±41.1GSigma 1.095 ±0.04530<strong>02</strong>00S/N lado K: modulo 0 Entries 6367Entradas/binχ 2/ ndf146.1 / 41600Width 0.6818 ±0.0194500MP 6.301±0.030Area 3232 ±41.2400GSigma 0.9085 ±0.033430<strong>02</strong>00(%out\V10000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50S/N10000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50S/Nm©n ïo1”)¥¤ } ‚¤r | xuž?uwyq‡ | Ši‚¤u€‚Ç § { | ‡¤y | © Œ1 ‚‰‡ | r×”Y Œ/‡¢ 1} q‡¢‚ r ¡ { y }eVfgihj†k‘l|¤} !Ÿ ¦#Ÿ ‚¦žz8yi‚¢z8qN{ 8Ð t Ð WÌ (Ð UÌC Í Ð Ì Ì Ì g Ï Ð U Ñ g Í Ï Í w~Ð U ÐÐ t,Ì0W g U Ì0WTÏ Ð Ï Í Ì 8Ð g8Ð ÑÌ Ð 8Ð ØHV Ì €UÌŠ¨ WÉÌ Ð UMÌ’X]W Í Í V W1Ñ)Ï Ì g Ï Ð U ! W UÌ%( ¡ (Š©( Ð8Ð Ì~Ï©Ï Ð U ¨ ` (%o#znŠ©( Ð8Ð Ì~Ï1Ï Ð U Ó iÄ ¿ È#-‰Â äÈÔË8+.47+ÅvÈ!Æ*Ä/Æ+MäÂÆÀÐ ÏW V&t,Ì Ð W Ð Ï…Ì TÌ t WMÌ0W(W"¤Ï Ì 8Ð Ï Ð Ì0U Í V WzUMÌ U Ð ! Ñ Ì0U t Í W Ð WUÌ


VVU Ï ¡ Ì0WTÏ Ð X ¦ 8Ð ©(#V ̤aÌ ^ Ð WRÏ Ð UÌ Ì0W(UMÌ0W ÍÐ UÌÇÏ Ð Ï…Ì Í V†Ì Ð UMÌ (W Ð UÌÏ Ð Í Ð ÑUÌ ¢ˆÐ WÌ 8Ð TÌÌ~Ï Ì Ð !! UÌ,Ï Ð Ì Í Ð a Ð W Ì Ì Ø Í Í¨ Ï…ÌXÌ0W Ï Ð X ¦ 8Ð ©( $# U Ï ¢ V U MÏ ¢ Ì 8Ð W_:Ï3Ì‹vÌ ¢ ТˆÍ Ì0W ! ¢ Í©¢ˆÍ Ï Ð Ñ TÌ Ð¤Ð Í U Ø Í ! Ì0W Ì Ð Ð W Ì 8Í Ì a ¥]W¢ Ì (Ð ! W Ï †Ì ! W (W Ð (Ðw~Ð= Ì W Í U Ð bvÌ Ð¢ W Í UÌ 8Ð W(U Ï (WÌ Í W Т (W Ì < UMÌ a ØÌ†Ì Ì~Ï?Ì < UÌ~Ï Ð ^ Ìe Í W W 8Ð Ð Í U Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï?Ï Ð U ¨ b Ó e(ÑcUÌ0W Ð W(U (W ÐUMÌWÌ’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ ¡ Ð)¢*Ð ×Í WÌ’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ~ÏJÏ Ð U ¨ Í Ì0WÌ 8ͨ¦ Ì0WYÌ0Ŵ Ì~Ï ¢ Ì0W Ø Ð Ï UÌ Ì. W Ð Ï < Ì Í U ÍV -¢¡ K¨ )' ¡ abdW £¢ˆÐ Ï ¢ Ì0W ÌÑ Ð W(U Ï Ð Ð V WMÏ Ð¥¤MÐ Ð Ð U UMÌ Ð§¦NÐ ÌÇÌ‹vÌ V Ð Ð Í ^ͨ¦ Ð Ï/Ì0W ÌÇÏ Ð U Í Ð ¢ V `Ð V Z Í©¢ˆÐ e РЧ¦NÐ Ì0WÔÏ U Ð W Ð ÏÌ V Рͨ¦ W ÍX. Ð Í Ø W Í Ì0WÌ ¢¢ UÌ~Ï ¡ ` UÌÏ Ð Ì. W Ð Ï ! Ð Ï ¢ Ì ^wÌ ¢ Ï Ñ Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð Ï Ð U Í (ͨ Í VÐ Ð8Ð Ì~Ï ¢Numero <strong>de</strong> canales lado S: modulo 0Numero <strong>de</strong> canales lado K: modulo 0Entradas300<strong>02</strong>500Entradas250<strong>02</strong>00<strong>02</strong>000150010005001500100050000 1 2 3 4 5 6No. <strong>de</strong> canales >3σ00 1 2 3 4 5 6No. <strong>de</strong> canales >3σm©n.¥)oJ˜ { y § 8u | ‡‰^zž‚ } ‚~ wrz |¤}Y§ { ‚¤r‡¢ I % } z y#r5t+8u5Œ!Ši‚¤už‚¦8 § { | ‡¤y | © Œ1 ‚¢‡ | r×”Y ŸeVfgihj†k‘l Ð Ì[Z Ì 8Í Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ Ì Ð Ð W Ì 8Í Ì ( Ì[Z Ì 8Í¢ Ì0W ! ( DUÌ ¢ MÌ 8Ð TÌ Ð8Ð Ï ¦8Ð Ì MÏ Ð U Í©¢Ì0W Ì ! Ï Í V W*Ì Ð ÍÐ ÏJÌ Ì‹vÌ 8ͨ Ï…Ì×Ï Ð Í Ï Íow~Ð Í V W[UÌRU Ð W Ð Ï…Ì Ñ Ð ]WT£MÌÏ Ð Ì.W Ð ÏUMÌ~Ï Ì ¦ (W(U Ì ÐˆÐ Ï ¦ Í W&‹Ì 8Í dÐ Ï Ì ÌWTÌ 8Í U Ä74/ËiÊ À Â54 _cW ÌTÏ Ð Í Ð UÌTÏ…Ì (Ð Ì[Z Í Ì0W ¢ Í Ð a Ð W Ì £ TÌ ¢ Ì ^ 8Ð W Ï Ð Ï…Ì Í V W UÌ Ð§¦NÐÒÐ Ï Ï Ð§¦ UÌÉÏ Ð w W Ð UÌÉÏ…Ì 8Т Ì0U ÍÐ W ÌTÏ Ð < Ì Ð WYX ¦ 8Ð Í V W UÌ Ì0W ÍÐ ÏÌ Ð ÏÏ Ð¢ˆÐ U Ð U Í 8ͨ Í WÌ W{UÌ Ð§¦NÐ WRÏ Ð Í Í V WuUÌ~Ï Í©¢ Ð ! UÌÇÏ Ð Š£¼§ Ð V` MÏ ÐÍ W Í w~Ð W ÌÌ0WRÏ Ð?w W Ð Ì0W ÌzU Í Ð UMÌXÏ…Ì 8Ð (_ Ð Ø Ð8ÍÐ ÏÌ ÌzUÌ’X]WÌ? ¢ b Ce£U W(UÌUMÌ~Ï¤Ï !§ Ì " ¼£ ! WYÏ Ð Ð§¦NÐ Ì0W*Ï Ð Í Ð Ð Ï Ð UÌ Ì ¤MÐ Ì Í w T Í Ì U Ð Ì ;Ì Í Ø Ð¢ Ì0W ÌEUMÌ~Ï ¢ V Ð Z Í©¢%'& ËiÊvÈ#4/ËiÊ+_cW‘Ï Ð X ¦ 8Ð X ¡ Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð Ï Ð Ì’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ W Í ØÌ~Ï 8Ðw~Ð; Ì W Í U Ð Ñ!Ì UMÌ Í Ñ T,VÌ>‹ (Ð Í V W (W W Í ØÌ~Ï UÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð U ¤MÐ Ð Í Í Ð U Ì0WÒÏ Ð 8Ðw~Ð (#V Ì0W ¦NÐ ÌYÌ0W:Ì0W Ð T̈Ì~Ï ( ¡¢¡ ` UMÌ*Ï ÐUM̈Ø̢̆*Ц WaV(W Í Ð eDhRUÌ ¢Ì Í W Í WiØÌ Í U Ñ¢Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð ! W Ì Ð VÐ UÌ Ì Ð Ì’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ Ñ Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð8Ð Í V WYUÌ% Ð ! Ì Ì0W Ð W (W=¤Ï Ì ¦Ó b ¨ e ¢ Рͨ Ï…Ì WÒÏ Ð Ì0U Í Í V W UMÌÏ Ð (Ðw~ÐÌA‹bdUÌ0W T,V_ Ð U Í U Ð Ì ¢ V Ð Ð Ð U Ð UMÌ*Ï Ì Ì 8Ð U Ì0WÒÏ Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í VÌV WDÑ U Ð W]U Ï ¦NÐÇÐ (W Ð Ì’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ ! Ð ÏW(‹Ì (Í ÑÌ0W Ì* ( ¡ ` Ì ¦ V (WTÌ~Ï W Í ØÌ~Ï Í


¡ §©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032|~} r85zytvq…„†‚¤r8ŸJ–¤1 §žz8t | ‡‰^ | r¦‚¢z | Š) ‚ § q } t | r zž‚5ŠN‚‰zq…tvq…„ | r^q } t+u § 5‡¤q | rwr?„-qsrwqxƒX } ƒ‚Çrwtuwyiz8tvyu€‚X‡‰‹Šqz | r8Ÿ ¦‚z§ 8tu{ ¨ ‚* } 8D ‚¢‡ | r8 ‡‰(x5¦‚ˆ¥§5z8t | r^‡‰tvu€‚ } r §8u€ } z8q‚ £Kzu | r5r!+tœ‚~ ¦ ¥, } tuž z5‚ } ‚~ r‚Ç ‚¦Ž | už‚ˆ‡¢ u€5‚¤ q -‚¤u^ ‚‚¤rwqÍ Ð ¢ ! Ð U Ð £ ¤Ï Ì Ì0U Í U Ì Ì~ÏJÌ Ì 8Ð U Ñ Ì0W Í Ì0W(U Ì0W Ì0W РТ¥Í V Ì0W‘Ì~Ï Ð Ï ! ¢ Ì MÌ0UÌ Ð Ì ÍÐ Ì0W Ï Ð X ¦ (Ð X ¡ ©_ ! Ì0W(U V ¢ Ì UÌ Í©¢ Ð !©¨ (Ðw~Ð Ì W Í U Ð ÑiÌ0W£VÌ Ð ! W U V W †Ì (W Ð VUÌ%¤Ï Ì ÑÌ’X. Í Í Ð UÌ .†Ì ! UÌ Ì UÌ ! WÌ Ð Ð Ð TÌ Ì Ì ¦ Ì0W Ð8Ð`Distribucion η lado S: modulo 0Distribucion η lado K: modulo 0Entradas/bin400350300Entradas/bin60050<strong>02</strong>5040<strong>02</strong>003001500 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1η = Q /(Q +Q )dcha izq dcha2000 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1η = Q /(Q +Q )dcha izq dchaŠN‚~u€‚*8 § { | ‡~y |© Ÿ ¦ | r„†‚~ | u€r © ,r8¦z | uwužwrvŠ |¤} ‡‰ } ‚*‡ | rΊqsrwt+‚†r¦‡‰ 5z8tyuž‚|¤}¢¡eVfgihJj-kµl;m©n §!o¤p?qsrwtvuwqxyiz8qN{‚r8¥¤ƒžz8tvyu€‚ ‡¢} ‚~ ŸÊvÆ~Ë!Ä©Æ¢Ê À  4 £ 8Í©¢ Ì Ï ¦NÐ ÑÏ Ð Ð Ï Í¨ 8Ð Í WÌ Í W]U Í Ð W (W W V ¢ Ì JÐ ^ UÌ' Ð W Ð Ï…Ì Í UÌ0W ÍX. Ð U ¢ ¢ ¢ˆÐ ¦_cW £ b a `[e*Ñ Ð V ` ¢ (W: ¢ ТˆÍ Ì0W ! Ì Ð Ï…Ì UÌ~Ï Í U _ ! Ì Ï Ð ‹ (W(U Т Ì0W Ð Ï Ð8Ð Ï ÐÏUÌ0W ÍX. Ð Í V W^UÌC¤Ï Ì Ï Ð UÌ Ì £¢*Í W Ð Í V W^UÌ~Ï(W ! UÌ Í©¢ Ð ! UMÌXÏ Ð Ð V ` MÏ Ð Í Ð Ð Í V W UMÌTÏ ¢ V U Ï Ì0W Ð W ! Ð Í©¢ Ð ! Ì Ð Z Í©¢ˆÐ U Т Ì0W Ì%Ï Ð TÌ Ì%Ì Ì 8ÐФMÐw UÌ‘Ì Ð Ð8Ð Ì V ` Í Ð `_:Ï Ì XÏ UMÌ©(W8Í Ì0W Ð Í V W UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw ¤MÐ W Í U Í©¢ Ï…Ì ¢ Ì0W Ð U Ì0W Ï ÐW Ð Ï < Ì Í U Ì Ø Ð U Ð Ì ¢ Рͨ Ï…Ì W Ì MÏ Ð U Ð W Ì (Í Ì 0¥D_:Ï©W;V Í U $ Ð Ì.Ï Ð Í©¢Ð Í V W¥¤RW U Ð ! Ð UÌ Ð Ð Ì TÌˆÏ Ð ¢ˆÐ Ð Ì[UÌˆÏ ¤Ï Ì ¢ MÏ Í Ð W Ð ÏAb§¦ £ Ð W Ð ÏÌ eMÏРР̆Ì0W Ì0W w W Ð Ì[Z Ì W Ð Ð Ï ]W ! UÌ Í¢ Ð ! UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ñ ¢ ТˆÍ Ì0W ! T£MÌ,Ì ¢ Рͨ Ï…Ì W ¢ Ì UÌØ Ð Ï UÌ^Ï Ð Ì ¢ˆÍ ÏÏ Ð Ð U Ð Ó Ì ¤MÐ Ì Ø Ð U ]W Ð Í Ì ÐTÍ WÌ’X. Í Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0W\Ì~Ï:Ï Ð U ¨ b # ( ¡ `[e¦Ì0W Ï Ð ‹ £¢ˆÐ Í V WÐ (W Ì‹Ì ! Ì¤Ø Í UMÌ0W Ì ¢ (W U,VÌ0W°Ì~ÏW VMÏ Í©¢ˆÐÍ W Ð W ÍÐ ÑÌ0W*Ï Ð Ì Ð U_V (Ðw~Ð ÑYT£Ì ! W‘Ï TÌ Í W Ì Ì Ð W Ð 8Í 8Í Ð(Ð Ì~ÏJÌ (U Í l c g’Œuehg’Œ lo†…‹ jEul c sYjR‹ j c |eouUj c Ñ?T£Ì Ì0UÌ Ð ^ Ð Ì~ÏfW Í ØÌ~Ï UÌ¦Ï Ð Ì ¢ˆÍ ÏÏ Ð UÌ Ð ^ UÌ~Ï ¢¥ 8Рσ_eÐ; Ì W Í V W ¢ Í U Ì0WTÏÌ[Z Í©¦NÍ U Ñ Ð ¢ Ì0W Ð Ì~Ï W V ¢ Ì UÌ Í Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï¤Ï Ì Ì W Í U ÑtUÌ ¢ˆÐ WMÌ 8Ð T£Ì ÌÌ~Ï Í©¢ˆÍ W Ð8Í w~Ð Í VUÌÇÏ Ð Í Í VÌ4W Í Ð (0X Ì UÌ Ð ÏÏ Ð W1Ñ U Í Ì0W Ì MÌ~Ï…ØÌ0W W £ WuUÌ"¤Ï Ì \_cW%Ï Ð W Ð V! Ð ;Ì ! UÌ~Ï?V U Í©¦ ÌUÌ Ì0U . Í Vc Œ l}† Œ†Œg’Œeoua‹ j’uag l ‹oŒ ¥ l ‹ j dfj6‹org6gWŒƒ_eoj’d(W W Ø Ð8Í Ï…Ì ¢*Ð Ì0W Ï Ð ¢ ¢ Ì ¢ ¦lo† W ÐÐRÐ V Wh Í¢ˆÍ ¢Ð Ï Í Í Ì (Í UÌ Ï Ð 8Ð ! 8Í Ì (Ð UÌÌ Ì Ì ]U Í ! ÌÌ~Ï Í U Ì £¢*Í Í V Ñ (W Ð WmV Ì ¦ W W(U Ï Ð ! 8Í Ì0W Ì~Ï^Ï Ð U ¨ Ð Ï Ï Ð§¦ UÌ Ð U Ð h b £ Ð W Ð ÏÌ e©_ ! ¤MÐ Í U UÌ0W ÍX. Ð U ¢ ]W Ï…Ì ¢*Ð UMÌ ÐÍ Ï Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! Ì Ì~Ï ! Ð8Ð Ï Ð,Í©¢ ÏÌ ¢ Ì0W Ð Í V W‘X]W Ð Ï ÍÐ8Ð Ï Ð W . Í V W[UÌ Í©¢ Ð ! W%¤Ï Ì Ó Ì[Z Í Ì0W Ì ¢ Рͨ Ï…Ì W*Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð _ ! ¤Ï Ì Ì~ÏÏ T£Ì Ì ¤MÐ UÌ Í U Í U Ì ¢ Ï…Ì Ð ]W Ð V Ì4W Í Ð Ì0WÔÏ Ð T£Ì Ì Ð W Ð UÌ0W ¤Ï Ì ¨ ¢ Ø Í Ð Ï…Ì £_


-¢¡ K¨ )' ¡STD1 Eficiencia Total1.2Eficiencia suma: simulacionEficiencia suma: datosNivel en la trazaNivel con cluster S compatibleNivel con cluster K compatible10.80.60.40.20STD2 Eficiencia Total1.210 1 2 3Nivel <strong>de</strong>l STD1Eficiencia suma: simulacionEficiencia suma: datosNivel en la trazaNivel con cluster S compatibleNivel con cluster K compatible0.80.60.40.200 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Nivel <strong>de</strong>l STD2m o– z8q } zq‚Ç£K‡‰ ©} q‡¢‚X } )t+ ‰t | ¥ ‡‰d | rd‡¢8tœ5z8t | u€wr:”Dp© ¦”Dp§¦'ŸM”) § yirwtuž‚t+‚ § x8q'{ } ‚ rwy § ‚eVfgihJj-kˆl‡‰? | r?tvu€wr:Ž#qsrwt |€¡ u€‚ § ‚¤r3ŠN‚~u€‚ | r‡¢‚¤t | r?X8Mu€rwy t+‚¢‡ | }|¤} Ÿ‚^rwq § y ‚¢z8qN{


¡ §©¨ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032 ¢ Ì UÌ 8Ðw~Ð Ì W Í U Ð W ¢ V ` W Í©¢ˆÐ 8Ð Ì ! 8ÍÐ W UÌ%Ï Ð Í Í V W UÌ Ð ! UÌTÏ Ð Ð V Ì0UÌ Ì0WÌ Ì Ð Ð Í UÌµÏ Ð Ð§¦NÐ UÌ\Ï Ð U Í Ð Í W ¢ Ì0U ÍРТ Ì0W Ì Ð U Ð †Ì0W Ì b Í Ð W ¢ˆÐ У¦NÐ e Ð; Ì ! Ï Í V W UÌÌ Ì (W ! Ì ]W Í©¢ Ï…Ì ¢ VÐ U Ð ¢ V W U Í U Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï (Ð W ¦ W Í UMÌ 8Ð U Ñ ¢ Ì0UMÌ Ì Ø Ð ÌÌ0WÉÏ Ð ¦ (Ð XX# Ð ^ Ì Ï Í WÌ Ð Ï…Ì ÍÌ ! U ¨ ÌC Ð8Ð Ì 8Í w~Ð W Ì¤Ì (W Ø Ð Ï Ì Ì’Xo^ Ð U Ì0W Ð W ! Ð Í Í V WDÑ Ì Ì~Ï Í©¢ Ð ! Ì0WÉÌ~Ï Ð Í Í Ð W Ì0W(U V Ð ]W%Ì < '¢ Ð Ï ! Ð8Ð Ì¤Ø Í Ð UÌ Ø Í Ð Ï Ð Ì0U Í Í WÌ TÌ Ì ¤MЦNÐ W WTÌU Í ¤MÐ 8Ðw~Ð ¡ ¦Ì×Ì Ì ¢ U Ñ Ì Ì Ì 8Ð W ¦8Ð W Ð W Í U Ð U?UÌ †Ì < Ð Ï Ì 8Ð Ì‹Ì~Ï ¢).8Ð Ï UÌÎÏ Í W Í¢ Ð ! ¢ V` W Í¢ _ WRÏ Ð X ¦ 8Ð X@( Ì Ì¤aMÌ ^ Ð Ì~Ï Í W Ì ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ?W VUMÌ Í©¢ Ð ! (Ðw~Ð Ð W(U Ì Ì †Ì0U Í©¢*Í Ì0W ! Numero <strong>de</strong> impactos reconstruidos en la traza5000045000Sin impactos virtuales4000035000Usando impactos virtuales3000<strong>02</strong>500<strong>02</strong>00001500010000500005 6 7 8No. <strong>de</strong> impactos| r‚Éwrwt+‚¢‡;{y § 8u | ‡¢,tu€‚--‚†rX } {eVfgihJj-kÒl mJn!o£¢ } zuž § } t | }¨ r5tvqz5‚ɇ¢ } {y § u | ‡‰q § Ši‚¢z8t | r?Š | uÇtvu€‚(-‚†Œ? }} wr?‡¢¦z5‚¤ qx8u€‚‰zqN{ |~} ŒV‚¤Mytvq… q -‚¤u vq § Ši‚¢z8t | r?„-q…uwtyi‚~ wr ¢(Ÿuwy@:A@VA@VAP©¨ ZµI±'P©F©¬‹H­M®I±¥¤:GDH­©G FÄ74 0¢Â Ã/ÈµÊ ¿ 9 +MË0‰ÂÏ Ð Ø Í Ð UÌµÏ Ì MÏ Ð U Ð W Ì 8Í Ì Ñ Ð8Ð Ð Vh` MÏ Ð UÌ Í W Í w~Ð Í VÍ W Í UÌ0W Ì †Ì Ð W Ð Ð Ï Ð W £¢ˆÐ Ï+ÑVÏ Ð Ì W Í V` MÏ Ð_:Ï Ð Ï ¦ 8Í ¢ Í Ï Í w~Ð U Ð8Ð Ï Ð UÌ Ì ¢ˆÍ W Ð Í VÌ ! U UÌ †Ì0W U̦(Ð ØÌ0U Ð U Ð Ï Í Ð U Ð Ï Ð Ð£¦NÐ UÌ Ð¢)JÐ Í Ð ( Ð U Í vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0W Ì‘Ì Ì Ð Ï ¦ 8Í ¢ (W ¢ VJÐ Ð U Ð (W. Í V W (¤£ +W < W Í©¢ Ð W Ì Ð8Ð Ï ^wÌ Í Ø UMÌ~Ï Ì Ì0W Ì Ì ]U Í Ñ(UÌ Ð Ì U Ì0WTÏÏ Ø Í ! Ì0W ( 0¦ Ð8Ð ¢ V U MÏ Í©¢ˆÍ Ï Ð Ì bB < Ì Í WÌ UÌ~Ï UMÌ0W UÌ ¡ _ X ¢ eÐÈ)0¢È#- ¿ ÊB4 +ËiÊ À Â54 äȵŠ+ -‰ÈÆ~ÂJÅœÄ/ËiÊ À Â54 ÈÆ 9 +ËiÊ+ŧ¦ ¿ À È)0¢ÂDä£+MËiÊ À  4 ËiÂ54šÄ747+ Æ¢Ê ¿ ĤÅ+MËiÊ À Â54Ã/ÈRË8+Ŝʧ7- WYÌ Ð ÍÐ Ï UÌ~Ï UMÌ Ì ! UÌ 8Ðw~Ð Ì0UÌUÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð Ì ¤MÐ Í Ì0W(U < UMÌ^Ï Ð Í©¢ Ï Ð Í V W WÍ W V` Ð W W U Í ¤Ð Ì ! Ï Í V W W Ì Ð Ï Ñ Ð W]U UÌ Ì ! Ì Ø Í© Ð Ï…Ì UÌ Ì ! Ï Í V ` W Ì Ð W Í U Ð Ñ Ì (U ÍÐ W(U Ï Ì Í ¦¨ TÌ Ì MÏ Ð V W$ Ì Í U Ì Ð Ï…Ì " Ì Ø Ð U ÌD ¢ Ð8Ð W W Ì !U Ì MÏ Ð U Ó Ì ¤MÐ †Ì0U Í U Ð Ø Ð(ÍÐ Ï Ð Ì ! Ï Í VW V ` W Ì Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð U Ð UMÌ~ÏZUÌ Ì ! UÌ Ð X ¡ ¢ Ì0W Ì~ÏÍÏ Ð U Ó Ñ UÌ X Ð ¡ ¢ Ì0W%Ï Ð U ¨ Ñ Ð ¢ˆÍ Ì0W(U Ï Ð ¢ˆÍ ¢*Ð Ð8Ð ! U Ï ¢ VU Ï © Í ¤Ð% Ì ! Ï Í V WDÑÌ Í W U .†Ì ¢ (W Ð U Í ;Ì Í V W Ð ÍÐ W Ð UÌ~Ï (W ! UÌ Í©¢ Ð ! Ì Í U Ì0W Í U Ì0W U MÏ b Ì0W Í U W (W Ð ^ Ì Ð ÍÐ W e Ì Ì~Ï Ð Í W Ð W°Ï Í WÌ Ð Ï ¢ Ì0W Ì W Ï Ð Ì ! Ï. Í WÌ Ì ! (W ! Ì ¤Ð W Ì Ð Ï Í w~Ð U Ì Ð8Ð U Ð8Ð Ï Ï Ð U Ó ¨ Ð8Ð Ð U Ð (W UÌ^Ï ¢ V U Ï Ð Ð VТ Ì UÌVU Í ¤ Ð ^ Ì Ð Ð Ì†Ì0WTÌ0W%Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð


*£>¡* ¦ !,>*V ¦]!>*¨§¤9 #©V' @ 8 @ 9 #©V' @ 8@ ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )' ¡‡¢X ‚Çrwq § y ‚¢z8qN{ |¤} z | uwu€rŠ |¤} ‡¤q } t+‚ ‚†r^u€5z8tœ‚¤r‡‰ ‚|¤}kkÔl m…l o¤“¢‚¤u1{ ‚ § 8tu | rX‡¢8/‚£¢wy#rwt+u€rwq‡¤y | ‹u€r | yiz8qN{;¡ yuž‚ !Ÿ ¦ ¦'Ÿ ¦£¢Çr× ‚ | u€‡¢ } ‚‰‡¢‚ } | uwq ¡ } ¦¥¤^ƒ‚Ίi } ‡¤q } t+(ŸI I,9T{9¡8=2: 8 5£745u9 98=I 9K2,209 8 I,5£7 8 HT,H 9 9,3598K:437{9 9£70H 8¡8,85u9 9,9H 9 52,2u9 789 8 28I 9 9£2,288 3H,3{9 9£77 8¡8=28u9 9,9H 9 35,Hu9 5,T,T 8 228 9 9£2,22I¡8TH{9¡8=2: 8 5,H,Tu9 98=I 8¡8,8=2 8 I03H 8 H5,T 9 9,3£:IResiduo (µm)100908070Resolucion vs. residuoSimulacion electrones 7 GeV: niveles externos (0 y 3)Simulacion electrones 7 GeV: niveles internos (1 y 2)Datos lado SDatos lado K6050403<strong>02</strong>01000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Resolucion (µm) } tvu€¢u€r | yiz8qN{ |¤} ?u€rwq‡¤y | ržŒ ‰tvu€‚;{ ¨ ‡ | r‹‡¢‹y } ‚drwq § yƒ‚¢z8qN{ |¤}ˆ|~} t+5zž‚~uw | Ÿ” | xu€: ‚¤rVu€5zt+‚†r|¤}eVfgihJj-k¦l m@Mo)—:8 ‚¢z8qN{‚¨¢wy#rwtœ‚‰‡¢‚†r5Œ1r8dŽN‚ } rwq…tyi‚‰‡ | | r¤Š)y } t | rz | uwu€rvŠ |~} ‡¤q } t+r?‚ | r ‡‰‚¤t | r8Ÿ


¡ §©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032Ï U Ð ! Ñ Ì ¤MÐ Ì ¢ Ï…Ì Ð U Ì~ÏyUÌ Ì ! Ó # ;(#Ñ ¤MÐ Í Ì0W(U ! UÌ (WÌ Ð ¤¦Ì _ ! Ì £¢ˆÍ ̤Ð(ÐW Í©¢ˆÍow~Ð Ï Ì vÌ ! UÌ Ï Ð U Í Ì Í V W MÏ ¢¥ÍÐ W Ð TÌ Ð ¢ Ì0W Ð WD WYÌ~ÏÌ ;Ì < UÌ~Ï ¢ˆÐ Ì 8ÍÐ Ï ! W¢*Í¢ V¤Ð(ТˆÍ W Í©¢ˆÍ w~Рͨ Ï…Ì Ì Ì ! Ì ¢ (Ð Ï…Ì Ì0W%Ì~Ï Ð Ï Í WMÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! ÑJÏ Ð ¢ Ì (Ð ! Ð Ï Ì ¤MÐ U Í Ø Í U Í U V W W°Ï Ð VW †Ì Í U ¢) Ì Í Ì0W]U UÌ Ì ÍÐ Ï…ÌÇÌ~Ï`UÌ Í U Ð Ï Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! _cW\Ï Ð U ¨ Т) Ì < Ì Ì Ï Ð WÍÌ UÌ~Ï ¢ˆÍ ¢ C UÌ0W b ¡ _ X # ¡ _ a ¢ e ¢*Ð W(U (W*Ì < ! Ð Ï\UMÌ ¡ _ # ¡ _ ¢ C_ W*Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð X WÒÏ Ð Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð 8Ð Ñ (W ! TÌ Ì% ¢ VÌ MÏ Ð U ¤MÐ W Í U Í W 8Ð U Ð Ï Í Ì ¢ V` Í VVW Ð U Í U Ì~ÏUMÌ Í U Ð Ï Ð U Í Ì Ì0W ÍÐ Ð Ì¤Ø Í UÌ0W Ì Ð Ð ^ Ð Ì0WÌ §¦ VÐ ¢ Ì UÌ' Ð Ï Í U Ð UDÑ Ì ¤Ð; ÌWT£MÌ 8Í U `Ð Ì Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ" Ð Í©¢ Ð ! Ì0WTÏ Ð (Ðw~Ð ©§¦©¨ X ¡ Ð8Ð Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð Í W Ï Ð Ð Í Í Ð Í V W^UMÌ~Ï Í©¢ Ð ! Ì0W Ì Í V W¤EW¥¤Ø Ð8Í ;Ì (Í U W Ð V Т Ì UÌ Ð Ï Í WMÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! Ø,VÌ0ŴÌ0W%MÌ Í VÐ Ï Í U Ð8Ð Ð U Ð ;Ì (Í U W W Ð U Ð ¢ Ì 8Ð Ì ¤MÐ †Ì0U Í U Ð Ì0WÌ Ï ÐC Ì ! Ï Í V W Í W V U Ï Ñ Ð W]U W*Ï Í WÌ Ð ÏUMÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð U Ð Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í VТ Ì UÌÉÏ Ð Ð Ï Ð `_cW Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð X a X Ì Ì. W Ð WTÏ Ì Í U Ð8Ð Ï Ï Ð U Ó ¨ UÌ (W Ð UÌÌ Ð ¡ ¢ Ì 8Ð Ñ ¢ Ì ^5Ì ¢ Ï Ì0W` W Ì Ð ¢Ï Ð? Ì~Ï Ð Í VEntradas/binResiduo posicional lado S (µm): modulo 01000 Entries 11476χ 2/ ndf68.72 / 57800p0 818 ±14.3p1 -2.525 ±0.286600p2 19.44 ±0.36p3 130.2 ±9.3400p4 -1.16 ±1.<strong>02</strong>200p5 52.78 ±1.240-250-200-150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Residuo (µm)Residuo posicional lado S (µm): modulo 2Entradas/bin1600140012001000Entries 11489χ 2/ ndf36.28 / 34p0 1393 ±21.3p1 0.5324 ±0.1637800p2 12.5 ±0.2p3 149.1±11.6600p4 -1.407 ±0.80540<strong>02</strong>00p5 36.46 ±1.040-250-200-150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Residuo (µm)Entradas/binResiduo posicional lado S (µm): modulo 11600 Entries 11491140012001000χ 2/ ndf62.95 / 34p0 1393 ±20.6p1 1.541±0.163p2 12.97 ±0.19800p3 116.3±10.0600p4 0.5962 ±0.9762400p5 41.01±1.482000-250-200-150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Residuo (µm)Residuo posicional lado S (µm): modulo 3Entradas/bin1000 Entries 11624χ 2/ ndf61.07 / 57800p0 849.5 ±14.4p1 -1.664 ±0.292600p2 19.82 ±0.36p3 116.7±9.7400p4 0.291±1.092200p5 53.58 ±1.490-250-200-150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Residuo (µm)m¥ )oJpqsrwtuwqx8yiz8qN{ |¤} ‡‰?užwrwq‡¤y | r } | r § { | ‡~y | r‡¢8M”1p© ‰Ÿ ¦‚‰‡ | ”)Ÿ¤’V ¥;ŸeVfgihj†k‘l Ì ¢ U Ì Í Ì0WÌ0W Ï Ì Ï Ð U Ð8Ð Ð U Ð ¢ V U MÏ UÌ\Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð # Ó Ì Ì W Ð Ï Ð WÌ\ÌÏ Ì § Ì UÌ Í U Ð Ï Ð ^ Ì (W Ï Ð U bvÌ § Ì Ð U_VÐ Í `_ W Ì~Ï×Ï Ð U Ó` Í e Ì~Ï Í Ì ¢ V Ì0U ¢ˆÍ W Ð Ì~ÏMÌ < Í Ì ¢ Í UÌ Í U Ð Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W ]W Ð Ø Ð(ÍÐ Í V W§UMÌ~Ï V`ÐÌ0W*Ì~ÏMÌ Ì ! UÌ~Ï Í Ï Í Í W§UÌ¦Ï Ì0W ! Ì e WMÏÏÌ¤Ø Ð ¡ X ¢b Ð Z Í©¢ˆÐ U ТÌ0W Ì^Ï ÐXÍ W †Ì Í U ¢) Ì Í W VUÌ` W Ì Ð Ì0W‘Ï Ð Ð 8Í Ð Í V Ì ¢ 8Ð Ï Ð U Í Ì Í V W~UMÌ^Ï Ð Ì ! Ï Í WÌ Ì0W Í U Ð Ð8Ð Ð U Ð ¢Ì UMÏ Ï Ð U Ñ WTÏ ¤ Ì 8Í U UMÌ Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! W Í UÌ 8Ð U `_cW 0 Ì ¤MÐ Ø Í ! TÌÉÌ[Z Í Ì¡(W Ð UÌ Ì0W(UÌ0W ÍÐ UÌÉÌ Ð Ì ! Ï Í V W ͨ¦ Ð Ï ¢ Ì0W Ì,Ì0W\Ì~Ï3ØMÌ~Ï UÌ~Ï ! Í h ¨µÓ ¦ ¡ (f_ ! Í Ð ¢ˆÍ Ì0W(U (W Ð Ø Ð8ÍÐ Í V W UÌ (W Ð ¦8Ð U Ðm " UÌ?Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð Ñ Ð ¢ˆÍ Ì0W(U Ì < Ì Ð ÍÐ ¦ V ` ¦8Ð U Ì0WTÏ Ð?w W Ð bK] ¡ _ X ¢ e(Ñ Ð Ð Í UMÌÌ[Z Ì 8Í Ì0W. ÍÐ Ì¤Ø ÍÐ †Ì0W_:Ï ¢ Ì0U Í Ì Ð U VUMÌÏ Ø Ð Ï Ì ¨m " ¨WÉÌ Ð ÍÐ Ï Í W V ` W Ì Ð UÌ€W£Ì Ð Ð Ï Ð £# h¦Ï3Ì < Í Ì ¢ V Ð Í UÌÇÌ Ì ¢ Ì0U Í ÌÏÌ ¤MБРÌ0WµÏW Ñ Ì Ï Ð Ì0WÔÏ Ø Ð Ï Ì UÌ Ì < Ï Í VUMÌ Ì ! Ì Ñ=T£Ì ÌXÌ[Z WÌ0W


*> * %¡£¢¥¤§¦ ¨ ¥E%¨©¦ §¤ ¥E%¨©¦ ¡§¤#©V' %¡¢¤§¦ ¥R%¦ §¤ ¥R%¦ ¡§¤#©V'¤T 203u9 9,Hu9 I 2,T 7 9 I u9 39T 3£Iu9 9,Hu9 I I9¡8 9 2u9K:8TK70Tu9 9,Hu9 I I8 3 9 2u9K:2 ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )' ¡Entradas/binResiduo posicional lado K (µm): modulo 0Entries 1147670<strong>02</strong>χ / ndf58.41 / 62600p0 662.5 ±15.2500p1 -3.32 ±0.77p240058.03 ±1.18p3 61.49 ±15.88300p4 9.136 ±4.599200p5 115.6 ±7.21000-500-400-300-200-100 0 100 200 300 400 500Residuo (µm)Residuo posicional lado K (µm): modulo 2Entradas/bin1200 Entries 114891000χ 2/ ndf85.22 / 48p0 10<strong>02</strong> ±44.1800p1 -2.607 ±0.548p2 35.91±1.00600p3 151.2 ±47.3400p4 3.934 ±2.262p5 62.93 ±3.772000-500-400-300-200-100 0 100 200 300 400 500Residuo (µm)Entradas/binResiduo posicional lado K (µm): modulo 11200 Entries 11491100<strong>02</strong>χ / ndf88.14 / 46p0 919.1 ±74.6800p1 1.293 ±0.555p2 33.6 ±1.6600p3 250.1 ±84.5400p4 2.518 ±1.365200p5 58.4 ±3.90-500-400-300-200-100 0 100 200 300 400 500Residuo (µm)Residuo posicional lado K (µm): modulo 3Entradas/binEntries 1162470<strong>02</strong>χ / ndf71.71 / 61600p0 657.8 ±20.8500p1 -0.6406 ±0.8064400p2 57.22 ±1.30p3 79.6 ±22.0300p4 5.182 ±3.443200100p5 104.9 ±6.10-500-400-300-200-100 0 100 200 300 400 500Residuo (µm)mNl o;p?qsrwtvuwqxyiz8qN{ |¤} ‡¢ u€r5q‡~y | r } | r § { | ‡~y | r ‡‰M”Dp©‰Ÿ¥¦J‚¢‡ | Ÿ¤’ V ¥;ŸeVfgihj†k‘lkk l;m£¤)o;—:rwy t+‚¢‡ | r‡¢u€wr | yizqN{ |~} rvŠN‚‰zq‚~NŠ | u § { | ‡~y | ŸI TK709u9 9,Hu9 I I9 7 9 I u9 3


V¡ §©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032 Ð U ¨Í Ø Ð Ï…Ì0W ÍÐ W (W Ð" Ì ! Ï Í VÌWT †Ì0W Ð ^wÌXÌ UÌ€XV` # a ¡ ` Ð8Ð Ì~Ï/Ï Ð U Ó UMÌD( ¡ ` Ð8Ð Ì~Ï/Ï Ð U ¨ Ó)Í W Í UÌ 8Т (W Ì Í U W(UMÌ 8Ð U ÐC Ì ! Ï Í V¢*Ð Ì 8ÍÐ Ï Ð 8Ð ØÌ Ð U V MÏ ¢¥ÍÐ W ШWuUÌ Ï Ð Ì V¨m Ï Í¨Ì0W(UÌ V UÌ 8Í Ì£" k §¨Sl¢¥m Ì Ì (¥¤ VeLado S Modulo 0Lado S Modulo 1Lado S Modulo 2Lado S Modulo 3Resolucion (µm)9.89.69.4Resolucion (µm)9.89.6Resolucion (µm)10.410.210Resolucion (µm)109.89.29.49.89.698.89.29.69.49.499.29.28.61 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo1 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo1 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo1 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodoLado K Modulo 0Lado K Modulo 1Lado K Modulo 2Lado K Modulo 3Resolucion (µm)323130Resolucion (µm)333231Resolucion (µm)3332Resolucion (µm)333229303131283<strong>02</strong>7293<strong>02</strong>9261 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo281 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo291 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodo281 2 3 4 5 6 7Numero <strong>de</strong> periodoeVfgihJj-kÉl m ¤)o pqsrvŠN8u5rwqN{‡¢¦ ‚¤ru€r | yiz8q |¤} wr | xt+ } q‡¢‚¤r¦ } ‡~qsr5tvq } t | r3Ši8uwq | ‡ | r § 5‡¤q‚ } t+ § { 8t | ‡ | x5‚†r8‚‰‡ | }|¤}y } ‚rwq § y ‚¢z8qN{|¤} Ÿ ¦‚¤r J¡ yu€‚†r×rwy-Šiuwq | u€r?r8z | uwu€rŠ |¤} ‡¢ } ‚¤; ‚¢‡ | ”ÉX ‚¤rq } §8uwq | u€r^‚~ ‚¢‡ | ŒŠN‚~u€‚¦ | rzyi‚~tu |{ | ‡~y | r8Ÿ § UMÏ *Ì~Ï…Ì V W Í ÐXÐ ! ÍÐ U Ð bdU Ð U Ï Ð U Í Ì Ì0W ÍÐ Ì Ø Ð U Ð ` W 8Í W Ì Ð Ì0W Ì¦Ï Ð ¢ VÐ Ð Ï Ð ˆÌ0W Ì¦Ï Ð ¢ V U MÏ eÌ0W%Ïkk‘l m¡ io;—:r | yiz8qN{ |¤} wrvŠi‚¢z8q‚¤D‡¢ | r § { | ‡~y | r‡¢8M”1p Š | u 8 § { t | ‡ | x5‚†r8‚‰‡ | } y } ‚Xz5‚~ qxuž‚¢z8qN{ |¤} Ÿm ]¡ $¨ £¢¥m ]¡ [¨ ¢¢¥m b ¢_ ] ¡ _ ¡ ^] ¡ _ X Óa ¡ _ ¤] ¡ _©(Î] ¡ _ £¨¤ РРФ 8Ð Ì ¤MÐ W Í UÌ 8Ð U V(W Í Ð¢ Ì0W Ì Ï Ð Ð W. ¤ 8Ð UÌ\Ï Ð Ð ÍÐ W Ð †Ì0W 8Ð Ï Ð8Ð (Ðw~ÐW Ó)Í Ŵ Ì ¢¥Ð§¦ ]W ÐXÍ©¢ Ð W Ì (Ð Í V W UÌ¦Ï Ð U Í 8ͨ . Í V W Ì Ð ^ Т Ì ^ ‘Ð (W Ð Ì ¦ (W(U Ð Ð ÍÐ W Ð ¢ VÐ Ð W ¤Ð ¢ Ì Ì Ø ÐJÐ Ì0W Ï Ð ¦ (Ð X a X ©_ Ì WTÌ~ÏAV Ð Ì Ð UÌ Ï Ð U Ð ÍÐ W Ð Ñ Ì Í Ì0WÌ0WTÏ Ì MÏ Ð U UÌ Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð ¤)È)0¢È#- ¿ ÊB4 +ËiÊ À Â54 äȵŠ+ -‰ÈÆ~ÂJÅœÄ/ËiÊ À Â54 ÈÆ 9 +ËiÊ+ŧ¦ ¿ À È)0¢ÂDä Ã/ÈÔÅ+ Ã/È 9 È@4©Ã¤È@4©ËiÊ+ -'ÈÆ¢ÊväÄ/¦¥ ¿  ¿ È#4 0‰Â£WÌ Ð ÍÐ Ï Í W V ` W Ì Ð ¨ Т¥Í V Ì0W Ì0UÌ?Ì[Z 8Ð Ì Ì Ð Ð Í UÌÏ Ð? Ì~Ï Ð Í V W~UÌ~Ï Ì Í U m¨ k §¢ WÒÏ Ì § Ì TÌ W 8ͨ Ì0W Ð VUÌ[¨Ì0WvUÌ~ÏÌ~Ï f_‹Ï Ì Í U Ð W V Ï m Ñ Í W Т¥Í VÌ § Ì0WYÌ~Ï Ð ^ ÌUÌ Ì Ð (Ðw~Ð bd¨ ©¨l¢¥m §" k &e(Ñ UÌ Ð ! Ì ¦ Ì ¢ Ì~Ï Ð Í W Ð U W‘Ï Ð Í Í V W Ì~Ï Ð Í Ø Ð UÌ¦Ï ¢ U MÏ T£Ì Í W Ð Ŵ Ï Ð Ì0U Í Í V W b Ð Ð Í UMÌ Ð¤ 8Ð Ñ?‹ jW|~jRgW|l}dfj c ‹ jqdfj ’j’dfj’†ˆg’Œe e UÌÉÏ Ð U Í Ì Í V WÌ[Z Ì 8Í¢ Ì0W Ð U Ð Ï Ð Ð Vb e§¢ ½ k` MÏ Ð Ì0W Ð U Ð (W UÌTÏ Ð Ð Ð UÌ_cWTÏ Ð,Ð Z Í©¢ˆÐ Í V` Ð UÌ ¨


'½ Ð U a _ £¢¥¤§¦ ('+ ¨¨(_ a ] ¡ _ aÓa _ a ] ¡ _ ¨³ ! WµÌ~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! Ñ1Ï Ð ØÌ~Ï Í U Ð U Ï Ð Ð§¦NÐ UMÌÏ Ð Ð VÌ0W ÌÑ ¢ˆÍ Ì0W 8Ð TÌÇÌ~Ï Í Ì0W Ì $ ÇÌ Ì~ÏDW;V ¢ Ì UÌ,Ï W ¦NÍ (UÌ UÌ (Ð U ÍÐ Í V¢ Ð ¢¥Í W Ð Í VÐ Ï MÏ Ð ¨ ©¨l¢ m £" k ¦Ì0WYÏ Ð Ì W Í VÐ T£Ì0UTÌ Ì ¤Ð ÏÏ Ð Ì0WÔÌ~Ï Ð ^ Ì€UÌÏ Ð (Ðw~Ð Ð U Ó ¨ ÏÐ ¢¥Í W Ð Í V¨¨¨¨¨mm W Í W V¨¨¨¨m¨¨m W Í W V Ó)Í Ì¨b e Ð U Ð ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'rvŠN‚‰zq‚~!q } tu{ ¨…} r8žz5‚ ‡¢: | r § { | ‡¤y | r‹‡¢8”1!p?ŒJz |¤} r5q‡‰už‚ } ‡ | | r3rwyiz5wr | r: } ‚ ¢‚~y#r5r5q‚ } ‚|¤} kk¦l m¡ïo—:r | yiz8qN{} z5ŽN‚¤Œ¤Š | u8 § { 8t | ‡ | x5‚¤r‚‰‡ | } y } ‚ z5‚¤ qx8u€‚‰zqN{‚†r‚§ {Ÿ‹”) § yir5tvu€‚ } | r8uwu | užwr,wrwt+‚¢‡;{ ¨ rwtvqz | r?Š)yiwrwt | yiÇ | r|~}§ { ‚¤tvqz | rdr8 rvŠN8u€‚ } rwq § q… ‚~u€r ‚ | r ‡¢ ‚t+‚¢x8 ‚ !Ÿ¡ ~Ÿrwqsrwt+m ] [¨ £¢ m b ¢ e³$ ( ¡ _ ¡ a ÏoW b $ ë b £eU W(UÌ + Ñ ¨ W Ð 8Ð ØÌ Ð U Ð Ï Ð` MÏ ÐYÍ W Í UMÌ0W Ì Ì Ì Í Ø Ð ¦W^UMÌ Ï Ð Ì Ð Í WMÌ £ Í©¢ Ï Í Ð W ]W Ð; Ì~Ï Ð Í V WÉÏ Í WÌ Ð Ï;Ì0W ÌV¨k §¢ ( + Ð V` MÏ Ð _ WÉÌ~Ï Ð ! TÌzW Ð ÑJ³ ½ ( ¨© (Í WÌ?UÌ ¢ Ì0U Í U Ð Ð Ø Ð(Í ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! + Ñ1Ì Í¨ ÏÌ Ð Ï©Ï Ð Ï Ð V Т Ì UMÌ,Ì Ð Ì~Ï Ð Í VU W ¦ÌÌ Ì ¢U ÑMÏ Ð UÌ0W Ð U Ð Ì0WÉÌ~Ï (ͨ¦ Ì0WDÑ(¨ k £¢ " ‰Ñ]UÌ Ï Ð; Ì Ð*Ð ^ Ð U Ð Ì0W (W. Í V W^UÌ%( +Ì k §¢ b + e ½ ¨k £¢§" ©¨l¢¥m §" k b ¤e UMÌ Ì ! Ì UMÌ Ì Ì Ì0W ÍÐ TÌ UÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð W°Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð ! W UÌ~Ï ¢*Í ¢ Í TÌÉÌ~Ï ¢ VUÌ~Ï U Ï Ð Ï Ì Ì V Ð UMÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð W]U Ì ! Ï Í V W Í W V` W Ì Ð C_ ! WMÏÏ…Ì¤Ø ÐXÐ T£ÌÌ~Ï Ð ^ Ì Ì Ð Ï Í w~Ð U W*Ì !¤Ð(Ð UÌ Ì ¢ˆÍ W Ð Ð W ! ¨ ©¨l¢¥m §" k JÐ Ð W ¢ Ì Ì Ð¤£ Ì~Ï ¨§¨Sl¢¥m £" k $UÌ Ì vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ Ð U Ì0W Ì ! Ì UÌ Ì vÌ Ì0W ÍРТ¥Í V Ì0W?UÌ Ì0W(U Ð UÌÎÏ Ð Ì < Ï Í VUMÌ` W Ì Ð _ W' W Ì ! Ѩ ©¨l¢¥m §" k m Ï Ð Í©¢Ð Í V W MϨ©¨l¢¥m §" k ½¨©¨l¢¥m §" k m " k U W(UÌ[¨m " k ÉÌ Ì~ÏVÌ § TÌ Ð ¢*Í©¢ Ð(Ð Ì~Ï`UÌ Ì ! UÌ Ì Ì Ì0W. ÍÐ Ñ TÌ ¢ˆÍ UÌˆÏ Ð 8Ðw~Ð +_ WWÌ Ð ! Ñ ¤ Ì ¢ Í Ï Í w~Ð U Ï Ø Ð Ï Ì UÌ Ì vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ ¨m " k " ½ ( ¡ ¢ ¨m " k " ½ a ¡ ¢ Ð8Ð` ÑiÏ Ð Ì Ð Í V WDÑiÌ0W*Ï Ð ¥ Ì Í WMÌ Ó ¨ Ì Ì Í Ø Ð¢ Ì0W Ìth V W ¤£¢ b + e ½ ¨k§" k ©¨l¢¥mb e§¢§" km " k Ì×Ï Ð Ì Ð Í V W Ì W †ÌÑ Ð W ! Ѩ k £¢ " T£ÌÎÌ UÌ Ì £¢*Í W Ð U Ì[Z Ì 8Í©¢ Ì0W Ð Ï ¢ Ì0W Ì£¨§¨Sl ¢ m £" k Í Ï Í w~Ð U Ì0WÉÌ~Ï Ð ^ Ì ¦Ì Ì Ì ¢ U MÌ0UÌ ¤MÐ ÏÏ Ð Ìx¨m m " k CTÌ¦Ì Ì~Ï/Ø Ð Ï UÌÏ Ð% Ì ! Ï Í V` W Ì Ð T£MÌ Ì ¤MÐÌ Í Ï Í w~Ð WTÏ ¢ V UMÏ UMÌ~Ï Ó # ;(#Ñ (WÌ Ð Ì Ø Ð Ï Ì UÌ + \_cWRÏ Ð ¦ 8Ð X £ Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð WÓÐ Ø Ð(ÍÐ Í WÌ TÌTÌ[Z Ì 8Í©¢ Ì0W Ð W Ï Ì Í U Ð ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! Ð U Ð ØÌ w ¢ V Ð Ð Ï ! V _ ! Ø Ð Ï Ì ÌÏ Ð W Í Ð W Ð8Ð Ì~Ï Ó # ;(Ì0WTÏ Ð Ð Ï Ð ¢ Ì0U ÍÐ W Ì Ï Ð,Ð W. ¤ 8Ð UÌ Ï Ð Ð ÍÐ W Ð 8Í W. Í Ð Ï UMÏ Ñ ¦ 8Ð X ¤) Ð%Í W Ì Ì Í Vk §¢§" Ð8ÐhF^ Ð W(U Ð ]W Ð Ì Ð Ï Ì ]W ! < Ì W(U Í Ì0W Ì Ð Ð U Т ¢ Ì0W ! Ð8Ð Ð U Т V Ì Í Ì0WMÌYÏ Ð W Ì0W Ì~Ï 8Í©¦ Ì0W W Í Ì0W Ï Ø Ð Ï Ì UÌ~¨V U MÏ ¢Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð Ì Ì ¢ Ì0W Ï Ø Ð Ï Ì Ì ¢ Ï…Ì Ð U Ì0WÒÏ Ð Ì < Ï Í V WYUÌYÏ Ð Ì Ð Í V W Ð8Ð Ï _cWm " ¨ W UMÌµÏ Ø Ð Ï Ì ¨m " Ð ¢ˆÍ Ì0W(U Ì < Ì Ð ÍÐ W Ñ Ì Ï Ð Ì0W Ï Ø Ð Ï Ì W Ì Ð ÍÐ Ï Í W V ` W Ì Ð UÌxW£Ì UÌ Ì ! Ï Í VUÌ Ì ! Ì ÑˆTÌ ÌÌ[Z WÌ0W Ì0W%Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð ©( ¡ ]h


kk*l m¦¥)o¥¤ } z5Ž#yuž‚‡¢×ƒ‚ ¢‚~y#r5r5q‚ } ‚‹Š)uwq } z8q ŠN‚~J‡¢? ‚†r?‡¤qsrwtvuwqxyiz8q |¤} wr?‡¢?u€r5q‡~y | r©ŠN‚~u€‚^ | r×z8yi‚¤tvu |¦§ { | ‡¤y | r?‡¢8‰Ÿ ¦‚‰‡ | r×”Y Ÿ”1p©"!,>*¨§ # ©£¢?'§©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032Residuo eje X a 3 energias: modulo 4(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas-110-210Datos: 7 GeVDatos: 5 GeVDatos: 3 GeV-310-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000Residuo (µm)eVfgihJj-kYl m io ”y-ŠN8uvŠ | rwqzqN{|~} ‡‰× | r×u€wrwq‡~y | r‡¢? ‚†r×tvu€‚(-‚†rdu€5z8tœ‚¤rÎu€5z |¤} rwtuwyq‡‰‚†r? } uwy } wrÎrwq } z |¤} „†8uwtq‡ | u5Œ/z |¤}{ y § 8u | ‡‰ } tuž‚¢‡¢‚¤r¦t | t+‚¤1‡‰ | r?Žqsr5t |ž¡ u€‚ § ‚¤r }| u § ‚¤ q (‚‰‡ | r ‚, ‚y } q‡‰‚¢‡‰Ÿ1” § yiwrwtvu€‚, ‚‰‡ | ”R‡¢8 § { | ‡¤y | }z |~§^| ¢8 § Š) | ŸD”)¦‚žŠ)u€5zq‚X ‚Ç‚ } z5Ž#yuž‚Xz8u€5zq } t+ ‡‰? | r×u€r5q‡~y | r ‡‰(x8q‡ | ‚ƒ‚X‡¤qsrvŠiu5rwqN{|~} • | y |¤§ xq‚ } ‚¢Ÿ"!,>*x #©£¢$'%¡*£>¡* 7¥¤ ;§¦ Q :¨¤ ;§¦ Q I©¤ ;§¦ Q¤


8=H 9 9 I 8G: F 2,2 89 T T 9 2988 T 9 2 5 F :03 89 89 9 9 8888 T 9 2 5 F :2 89 89 9 9 828=H H 9 I 8G: F I,H 89 89K2 9 2I% §©¨©:: 9Y8 9 3: F 5: I,9 I,9 3 9 :9I7 3 9 3 8=T F 503 I,9 I8 3 9 I8IH 9 9 3 8=T F :7 I,9 I8 T 9 I2:,I 3 Y8 2 3£5 F 89 I,9 20T T 9 5Ia ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'(µm 2 )σ 2 res700600500Nivel 0: ExternoNivel 1: Interno2Lado S: 1/p vs. σ2res40030<strong>02</strong>0010000 0.<strong>02</strong> 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.1421/p (GeV-2)|~} } tuž%¡8£¢ ¦¤ ‹ŠN‚~u€‚^tvu€wr‹„†‚~ | u€r‡¢ ¦Œ© } 8) ‚¢‡ | ”)ŸM”) § yirwtu€‚ } | r?‚£¢wy#rwt+wrׇ¢× | reVfgihJj-k*l m ïoM—:8 ‚‰zqN{{ | ‡~y | r© ¦'Ÿ § kk‘l m¨§!o§¥!‚¤ | u€r? § Š 5‚¢‡ | r }|~} Ÿ¦¥×Ši‚¤u€‚¦z5‚¢‡¢‚ § { | ‡¤y | Ÿ¥¦J‚¢‡ | r×”Y Ÿ‚¦5zyi‚‰zqN{%¤§©¨©< *> * %¡¤ ¦¢§¤ ¦ %¡¢¤§¦ %¡¢¤§¦ ¨*> * % ¦¢§¤ ¦ %¡¢¤§¦ %¡¢¤§¦ ¤


Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð 8Ð Ð(Ð Ì~Ï1Ï Ð U Ó bvØÌ 0 e Ð U Í vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0W Ì Ì~Ï Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! Ì0W U Í Ì Ì0W Ì Ì 8Í U UMÌUMÏ UÌ~Ï Ó # ( Ð8Ð Ì~Ï1Ï Ð U ¨ bvØÌ '¢ V Ì ! U V Ð U ¨VVÌ ! U VVe! U U Í Í W ! W .£¢ˆÐÌWDÑMÌ~Ï¤Ï Ð U ©¨ Ì Ì~Ï ¢ V Ð U ¢ˆÍ W Ð U Ì < Ì Ð W Ì b ¤Ð Ð a ¡ ` Ì0W Ì~Ï×Ï Ð U Ó e UÌ¡(W Ð Ì ¦ (W(U Ð Ð ÍÐ W Ð Ì0W Ï Ð U Í 8ͨ Í WÌ UMÌTÏ Í¢Ì Í U _:Ï (ͨ¦ Ì0W ¦ Ì Ï Ð U Í Ð W ¢ˆÐ Ч¦NÐ Ì0UÌU Ð Ï ¦NÐ?Ð Ì < Ì Ì0WÉÏ Ð Ì~Ï…Ì Í VÍ Ï Ð Ð V Ï Ð Ì0Ŵ Ì~Ï Ì Í U ¢ Ì ¢ Ì 8Рͨ¦ Ð Ï ¢ Ì0W ÌÌ0W*Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð X#C_‹ÏMÌ vÌ ! Ì ¢ V Ð Ø Í Í© Ï…ÌÎÌ0Ŵ Ì~ÏMÏ Ð U Ï Ð)¢ Ì0W U Í Ð W ÍÐ Ì0W Ì Í Ð t_cW‘Ï Ì (U Í TÌ Í©¦ Ì0W Ì ¤MÐ*¢ U Í Ð U Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V@:A@VA¡ 3A` WÌ Ð UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ì Ì Ì Ð U < Ì Ï Ð ¢ Ì 8Ð ! W ©§¦©¨ ¡ ¦Ì Ì Ì ¢ U Ñ Ì Ì0UÌ0W Ì~Ï Í©¢ˆÍ W Ð †Ì < W Í W Ì 8Ð Í WMÌ Í WÌ~ÏWV Í©¢ Ì < Ì0WRÏ Ð ¢ Ì0U Í U Ð UÌXÏ Ð Ø Ð 8Ð Ñ Ð 8Ð ØHVÐ W ¦ MÏ Ó§©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032Ì ! Ø Ð Ï Ì ÌÏ…Ì ¤MÐ‘Ð Ï Í Ð U (W Ð < Ì Í V W UÌ # ¡ _ X ¤ ¢ ] ¡ _ ¡ ¢ UÌ Í U Ð*Ð Ï . Ì ¢ (Ф Ï(W ¦ Ì0W Í U ¨ W Ì Ð Ï e(ÑT£MÌ Í W Ì Ø Í Ì0WÌ Ì0W Ð W ¤MÐ W(U Ï Í¨¦ Ì 8Т Ì0W Ì^Ï Ð U Í 8Í© Í V W$UÌ^Ï Ì Í U Ñb U Í Ì Í V WUÌ~Ï#Ì~Ï…Ì V W Ì < Ì ¦ Í Ì ¢Ð Í ¢Ð Ì~Ï…Ì¤Ø Ð W Ì ¦< W Ï Ð ! ÍÐ U Ð Ï Ð Ø Ð8ÍÐ Í WÌ Ð V` W 8Í W Ì Ð Ì0W ÌXÏ ¢` ¢ Ø Ð8ÍÐ Í WÌ VÐ W Ì 8Í e Ì Ï Ð U ! W ¢ Рͨ ÏÌ WTÏ UMÌ~Ï ¢ VÐ W Ì (Í rŠi‚¢z8q‚¤q } tvu!{ ¨…} r85z5‚?‡¢: | r § { | ‡~y | r:‡‰”1p z |¤} § {|~}8t | ‡ | ‡¢: ‚‡‰œŠi } ‡¢ } z8q‚?užwrwq‡¤y | kk¦l m©n )oi—‹wr | yizqN{§|¤§ } t | Ÿm ]¡ $¨ £¢¥m ]¡ [¨ ¢¢¥m b ¢_ ¤ a ] ¡ _ ¡ ¤] ¡ _©((Óa ¡ _©(Î] ¡ _ X ] ¡ _ ¨ÊvÆ~Ë!Ä©Æ¢Ê À  4 £Ð; Ì ! Ï Í V W‘Ì Ð ÍÐ Ï Ì0W Í U Ð Ð(Ð Ï ¢ U MÏ UÌ~Ï Ó # Ð U Ì ¢ Рͨ Ï…Ì? WTÏ Ì Ì ¦U Ð U Ì0WÉÏ Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W ¦ Ì0WÌ (Ð Ï UÌxh ¨µÓ ¦ ¡ XÑÌ UÌ Í Ñ(W Ð ( ¡ ¢ Ð(Ð Ì~Ï Ï Ð U Ó UÌ~ÏyUÌ Ì ! (ÐUMÌ Í Ï Í Í (W Ð a ¡ ¢ Ð8Ð Ì~ÏÏ Ð U ¨ _ ! ¤MÐ Í U ØÌ 8Í Ð U U ¢ VÏ Ì MÏ Ð U Ð W Ì 8Í Ì MÑ7( 0¥y_cWRÌ Ð UÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð Í V Í Ì ¢Ð Í ]_ ! ÌzUÌ Ì Ð Ï a Ð Í WMÌ Ì0WTÌ~Ï W Í ØÌ~Ï UÌ Í U ! ¢ Ì0W Í W Ð U Ì0W%Ï Ð Ì Í V WW Ì 8Í ÑT£Ì Í W(U †Ì0W ¢ˆÐ Ì U Í Ì Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0W ÌXÏ ¢ V UMÏ Ð Ì ! Ï. Í WÌ Ì vÌ 8Í U Ð < WTÏ Ð ÐTÌ Ð Ï ¢ Ì0W Ì Ì Í Ð W UÌ0W ¢ˆÍ W Ð W= ¢ ¢ V Í©¢*Ð £ Ñ Ì Ì Í Ì ! TÌ,Ì[Z Í Ì (W Ð W 8ͨ Í V¤ÐÍ WÌ Ð Ì ¤MÐ ÏÏ Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï ¢ U Ì0W Ì~ÏaT£MÌ Ì W Ì0W Ï ¤Ï Ì f_:Ï ¤ Ì ¤ UÌ WuUÌÏ Ð Í ÐÐ UÌ Ð U Ð ÑUÌ&V` MÏ Ð Ð Ð †Ì Ð UMÌ(W Ð UÌÇÌ~ÏÏ Ð b ¦ 8Ð XÑ UÌ Ì ¤MÐ e _ ! 8Ð Ì ¢ W ÌMÌ0W ÍÐ (W Ð W Ð8ÐW 8Ð Ì Ì×Ì Ì ! _ WÏ Ð ¦ 8Ð X Ì ¢ Ð8Ð W,Ï Ì Í U 7 Ì0W Í U Ð8Ð U Ð ! Í©¢ Ï Ð Í V WDÑÍ ¢ Ì ^5Ì ¢ Ï UÌ~Ï Ð MÌ U UÌ Ï Ð ¢*Í ¢ˆÐ P©¨ I¨ P I¨/²PZµI±'P©F©¬‹H­M® Ð; Ì ! Ï Í VТU Í Í U Ð Ì0WÉÏ Ð Ì Í V W‘Ì Ð ÍÐ Ï Ì Ø Ð U Ð W Ð W Ì 8Í Ì £¢ˆÍ Ì ^ Ð Ï Ð VÌ V Ð Ð UÌ Ð U Ð8Ð Ï Ð Í©¢ Ï Ð Í V W Ì vÌ Í Ø Ð UÌ~Ï UÌ Ì ! ¢Ì Ì Ì ]U Í Ñ Ì ¤Ð W Í Ï Íow~Ð U (WÌ Ð§a ¤ ¦Ì ¨ #Ñ5 W%Ì~Ï Ð¢ ¢ˆÐ¦ W,V Ì Í Ð Í Ø Ð U Ì~ϤÐ(Ð W!ØÌ Í U Ì 8Ð UÌ Ï Ð Ï~V Ì ¦ Ì ¢ V Ì 8Í Ð8Ð Ì~ÏÌ Í W Ð Ì~Ï…Ì WÌ UÌ Ï Ð w W Ð (Í W Í Ð ÏUMÌ~Ï ¤MÐw boV¤EW Ï Ð ¢ (Ð U (W ! Í W Í ÍÐ Ï\UMÌ Ï Ð 8Ðw~ЈР¢ Ì0W UÌ a ¢ UÌ~Ï Ì ^wÌ ¢ Ì0U Í U UMÌ~Ï ¤MÐw eÐ Í Ð Ì0W¤EW¥¤Ì~Ï Í W Ì 8Í UÌ~Ï Ó # xXET£MÌVUÌ Ø=V` MÏ Ð Ì Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ(W Í©¢ Ð ! Ì0WµÌ~Ï 8Í©¢ Ì V MÏ Í©¢ W Í ØÌ~ÏNbœÏ W ¦NÍ (U UÌˆÏ Ð 8Ðw~Ð © ( ¡ ¢ e(Ѧ Ð8Ð` Ì0WTÏ Ð 8Ð Ì ! 8ÍÐ UÌ Ï Ð Ð V]WV¦NÐ8Ð W Í w~Ð UÌXÏ Ð Ï W ¦NÍ (U ¢ V Ð Z Í©¢*Ð UÌÌÏ Ð 8Ðw~Ð


¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'Residuo (µm)806040Residuo vs pto. impacto200-20-40-60-800 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1ηeVfgihJj-kl;m-¥)o ¢€ yquž‡¢‚†Œ;u€r5q‡~y | } §5y } z8qN{‡¢8~Š)y } t | ‡¢‹q § ŠN‚‰zt | } tuž Š)qsr5t+‚†rd } ! ‚¢‡ | ”iŒ#Ši‚¤u€‚^8 § { | ‡¤y | ‰Ÿ|¤}pqz5Ž | Šy } t | r3ŽN‚^‡‰t+u § q } ‚‰‡ | z |¤}|¤} ‡¢‹ ‚tvu€‚(-‚×y#r8‚ } ‡ | | r‹‡¢ § {| ‡¤y | r8Ÿ)”)DŠyi5‡‰ | xwr88uw„†‚~u: ‚‚3Š)u€5‡¤qz5z8qN{‚¤r § {§ y ‚‰zqN{ |~} ‡¢?z | ‚†r? } ‚¤r×z58u€z5‚ } { ¨ ‚†rd‡‰× ‚¤r1Š)qsr5t+‚†r^£œ„†‚~ | užwr ¡ 9 ¡ 8 ¥rwy‡¤qsrwtuwqx8yiz8qN{ |¤} q } 5‚¤ Ÿ)p¦u€5z5ŽN‚¤Œ‚‰zy ¢8 § Š) | q… y#r5tvu€‚~tq…„ | ‡‰ z/{|¤§| r § | u § ‚ƒ‚r8 ¡ y } ‡¢‚ ¢‚~y#r5r5q‚ } ‚LJ¢8Mu€rwq‡¤y | Ÿ(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradasResiduo en posicion lado S (µm): nivel 20.140.120.10.080.060.040.<strong>02</strong>SimulacionDatos 7 GeV0-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250Residuo ( µ m)m §!oV• |~§ Ši‚¤u€‚~tq…„¤‚‡¢?rwq § y ‚‰zqN{ |~} X‡‰‚¤t | r3Ši‚¤u€‚¦‡¢‚~t | r ‚,’V ¥;ŸeVfgihj†k‘l


Ì U Í U Ð ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ (W Ð Ð V W U Í Ì0W(U ++W Ð e Ø Ð Ï Ì Ì0WÉÏ Ð Ì Ð Í V W ©( ¡ ÑMÌ0WÉÏ Ð ¤MÍ mVÏMÏ Ð ! W UÌ Ì ÍÐ ÏÌ Ì Í Ì0WÌ `++ Ì Í UÌqT£ÌÏ Ð V Ì Ì MÏ Ð U W Ð Ì Ð Ì0WÌ §¦ V_Ð W ÌÑ, W Ì Ð¢ Ì0W Ì Ì~Ï)Ì vÌ ! UÌ?Ï Ð U Í Ì Í V W MÏ ¢¥ÍÐ W Ð ÐÍ W †Ì Í U ¢). Ì:Ì0W,Ï Ð Ì0WÌ £¦ VÌ Í Ð §©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032ÌWT Í Í !Ì0WÌ §¦ V ` Ð; Ì ¦NÍ 8Ð U Ð Ì0W%Ì~Ï _ Nh' ¦ ¡ _ £¢¡ ¼ UMÌ Ì ! UÌ (Ðw~Ð ¦ Í Ì0WMÌ ¢ Ì[Z Ì Í V W ¦ Ì0WaV¤EWVUMÌÌ 8Í Ð UMÌ Ì ! Ï Í V W^Ì0W ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! bvÌ0W' W(U Í Í WÌ Ì0W T£Ì Ï Ð ,VUÌÌ0WÌ §¦ V` Ð UÌ Ï Ð Ð V` MÏ Ð ! W ÌWT̽ £ +¤£ b©( ¡ e` W Ì ÐÉÐ (W UÌ Ì ! UÌ Ì < Ï Í V Ð (Í©¢Ì 8Ð W 8ͨ . Í VÏ ÐÉÍ W VTÌ ¢ˆÍ UÌ,Ì~Ï WµÌ W\Ì Ð ÍÐ Ï ^ Ð` MÏ ÐÔÐ8Ð ØHV Ì UMÌ%Ï Ð Ø Ð 8Ð UÌ 8Ð Ì ! 8ÍÐ Ð Ì ¦ (W(U Ð W 8ͨ Í V W Ø Í Ì0WÌ^UÌ~ÏdÌ vÌ ! UÌ U Í Ì Í V W MÏ ¢¥ÍÐ W Ð Ì~ÏdÌ < Ì0W Ì~ÏdØ Ð Ï UÌ Ì vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W !bvÌ § Ì0WÉÌ~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw e W + ¥ ¼ + k W _cW\Ï Ð ¦ (Ð a ¡ Ì ¢ MÌ 8Ð (WÔÌ ^wÌ ¢ Ï UÌ,Ï Ð U Í 8ͨ . Í V Ð(Ð Í©¢MÏ Ð Í VU Ð ! ÑÐ ¤ ¦Ì ¨ Z_ W Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð ©(( Ì Ì ¢ Ì0W Ï Ì MÏ Ð U UÌ~Ï Ð ^ Ì Ð Ï Ð U Í (ͨ Í V W + + Ð8ÐU Í Í W ! Ø Ð Ï Ì UMÌ~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UMÌ~Ï ¤Ðw (_:Ï;Ì < Ì Ì~Ï Ð ! ÍÐ U Ð Ï Ð ^ ÌxUÌÏ Ð Ð ÍÐ W Ð Ì0W ! W РϢ VÐ Z Í©¢ ]_ ! Ì MÏ Ð U Т¥Í VÌ0W Ì Ì ¢W Ð U Í U (W (W ! Ì0WÌ0WÉÌ0W%Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð a (#ÑyU W(UÌ Ì ¤MÐˆÐ Ï Ð Í©¢Ð Í V W Ð ¦Ì Ì Ì ! UMÌXÏ Ì < Ì¦Ï Ð ¢ MÌ 8БР¤ ^Ì ÌXÌ0W Ì. W Ð WTÌ0WÔÏ Ð ¦ 8ÐMÏ a X#p /p Simulacion 7 GeVparticula recEntradas/bin14001200100080060040<strong>02</strong>00Entries 11277p0 1304 ±18.9p1 1.009 ±0.000p2 0.03613 ±0.00045p3 99.2 ±5.2p4 1.131±0.005p5 0.1147 ±0.003200.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 27 GV/|Rigi<strong>de</strong>z|7 pparticula/p Datos Simulacion 7 GeVrec6050403<strong>02</strong>010p0 53.28 ±3.89p1 1.004 ±0.0<strong>02</strong>p2 0.03642 ±0.0<strong>02</strong>64p3 6.748 ±1.046p4 1.13 ±0.03p5 0.1473 ±0.019900.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 27 GV/|Rigi<strong>de</strong>z||~} ‡‰ ¦¦¥ §¨§ ¢ ¦ŠN‚~u€‚Ò’ V ¥ } rwq § yƒ‚¢z8qN{ |¤} %‡¢‚~t | rŸ×”!y-ŠiuvŠ)yiwrwt | y } ‚¨¢wy#rwtœ‘‚ ¦©eVfgihJj-kl m¡ oÎpqsrwtuwqx8yizqN{V‚~y#ržrwq‚ } ‚†r8Ÿk,k l m©n)nio§¥!‚~ | užwr‡¢ ¥§¦ ¢ ¦R‚X‡~qsrwtq } tœ‚¤r? } 8u ¡ { ¨ ‚†r8Ÿ¤ ;¦ Q=' ¡g"!,Q< * #E'¤$*£-O*x>!£#L !0-O*£A#R'I 58u9 903 I 503 u9¡8I7I 3:u9 9: 6:I I I,3u9 903 IK2,:u9¡8=:Ì0WÌ U Í U Ð Ì0WÌ §¦ VÌ~Ï ¢ˆÐ Ì 8ÍÐ Ï Ð (Ð ØÌ Ð U Ï Ð Ð V½ b X_ £¦] ¡ _ £e » ( ¡¦ +¢£ b a X ] Xe » ( ¡¦ b©((,eÐ U ¢ˆÍ W Ð U Ð Ï Ð ¢ WÌ0W Ì W ¦` Ð Ì VÍ W(U Í Ð TÌ^Ï Ð" Ì ! Ï Í V` Ð UÌ~ϤÐw Ì UÌ~Ï UÌ0W$UMÌ ¡ _ V`‘Ñ TÌ×Ì0W% Ð U 8Ð 8Ð Ì ]W †Ì0W Ð ^wÌ ÌWT£ÌW UMÌ~Ï ¢ WÌ0W Ì W Ð W Ì! Рϥ


W W Ð ÏAUÌ~ÏZUMÌ Ì ! h ¨ÔÓ ¦ ¡ X# 3Ð8Ð Ì~ÏÏ Ñ Ì ¤MÐ Í Ï Í w~Ð U (W Т ¢*Ц WaVÏ…Ì Í W Ì0W Í U Ð U Ì ¤MÐ Ì0U Í U Ï Ð UÌ0W Í U Ð U UÌ Ï ¢*Ð Ì 8ÍÐ Ï…Ì UÌ ! Ì Ð8Ð%Ð Z Í©¢ˆÐ Ì Ð Ï Ð Í V Ì ¦ V (W Ï Ð (Ф Ï(W ¦ Ñ)Ï ¦ VÐ Ð Ì ! Ï Í V W + + UÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð U Ð Ì0W Ì Ð Ì Ð Ì V Ð Ì[Z (Ð Ï Ð Í VT£MÌ0U Ð W ¢ ¢ Ì (Ð Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð aa ++½>UÌ Ì0W(UÌ UÌYÌ ÐÔÍ W Ì0W Í U Ð U ( > b©(0Xe W(Ṳ Ì Ï Ð Ø Ð 8Ð UMÌ Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð Ñ Ï Ð ]W Í U Ð UÌ < W ¦Ì Ñ #©Ì Ï Ð ¢ Ì U! Ì MÏ Ð U Ì~Ï Ð Ì U Ì0W Ì*Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í WÌ W U Ð W (W Ð ¦NÐ8Ð W V ` Ð_ ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'Resolucion en momento vs. phaz∆(p)/p (%)3.83.73.6DatosSimulacion3.53.43.33.23.13 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7p(Gev/C)l m¡ n!o;—:8 ‚‰zqN{ |~} } tvu€× ‚Xu€r | yiz8qN{ |¤} }Y§^|~§ } t | X8 §|¤§ } t | ‡¢8ŽN‚-(ŸeVfgNhJj-kÓ Ì MÌ0UÌ0W ¢ Ð8Ð Ì Ð U Í (ͨ Í WMÌ Ð8Ð Ï Ð Í¢ MÏ Ð Í WÌ UMÌÔÏ Ð Ì JÐ ! Ì ¤MÐw Ï Ð W ¦ 8Ð Í VÌ Í UMÌ U ¦ W]U Í Í WÌ UÌ~ÏRUÌ Ì ! UÌÔØMÌ~Ï ©_‹Ï Í©¢ˆÍ W Ð W(U Ï †Ì < W ! WÌ Ì0WÌ £¦ V Ì Í Ì ¢ˆÍ Í U . Ì ¢UÌ + ¼ + k ÊvÆ~Ë!Ä©Æ¢Ê À  4 £Ð Ì0W Ì0W Ð Ì U W Ï Ì0W Í U Ï Ð Í©¢ WDÑ)Ì0W ! W Ð Ï a _ V` Ð8Ð Ì~Ï 8Ð W ¦ UÌÌ0WÌ §¦ V_:ÏMÌ § Ì Ð U_V ¢ Ì UÌ (WÌ Í W% W!ØÌ Í U Ì W Т ¢ˆÐ¦ W,V Í Ì?Ï Í¢ˆÍ Ð U Ñ Ï Ð Ì 8Ð Í V Ŵ Ì0W Í W Í UÌ0W ÍÐ W*Ì~Ï(_ Nh'ÌU (Ð W Ì?Ì ÐÏ Ð Í V` Ð W Í UMÌ 8Ð U ! ¢*Ð UÌVU Ð ! W ÌVUÌ~Ï ( ¡¢¡ ` ` Í Ì U ¢ˆÍ W Ð W Ì?Ì0WYÌ Ð ¢ Ì0U Í U Ð U Ð U TÌ Ì~Ï W VW ¢ Í UÌ Ð Ï £ UÌÌ Ì Ì MÏ Ð U Ð Ï Ð W ¦ 8Ð Í V WYUÌØ Ì~Ï U Ð ¢ Ì Ï Ð U (W ÐÌ ! Ï Í V W Ì0W ! W Ð Ï (#_ £V` Ñ¢Ì0W 8Ðw W Ð Ï…Ì Ð Ì U W°Ï T£MÌ Ì Ì0U Í †Ì ¢ Ì0U ÍÐ W ÌÉÏ Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð ¦ W UÌ Ð ÏÏ Ð U Ð U̧h ¨µÓ ¦ ¡ X# _‹Ï ¢ Í Ø 8Í W Í Ð Ï Ð8Ð Ì Ð U Í Ì Ì0W. ÍÐ Ì Ï Ð Ì Ì0W. ÍÐ UÌ ]W Т WaV Ì Í ¢ V Ð Í W Ì0W ! Ì0W Ì~Ï©UMÌ Ì ! W Ð Ï+Ñ Ì ! TÌ‘Ï Ð Ì < Ï Í V¢*Ц W¡b ( + e ½¡ _ a£¢! ÌˆÏ Ð Ø Ð Ï Í UÌ w UÌ¢ˆÍ ¢*Ð


@:A@VA¡ 3A S3¬‹H)I±'P©±ÔH)P©¨ H)P©¨£¢©IML²N­©O:P1LÏÏ ÐÐÉÐ Í Ø Ð U Ì~Ï WiØÌ Í U Ì ¤MÐ V¤ÐÏ ¦ (W Ð UMÌ¦Ï Ð Ð8Ð Ì VÐÐ Ì ! Ï. Í WÌ Ì0W .†Ì !Ïw Ì ¢ˆÍ Í U WDÑ V Ð ]W Ð Í Ì Ð ÐJÍ Ï Í U Ð U UÌ WiØÌ Í Ì UÌ Ì0W(U Í Ì0W(U ØÌÏ…Ì Ì ÌÑ Í¨¦ Í Ì0W(U Ï Ð Ï…Ì ( TÌÌ Í UMÌ~Ï Ì 50∆(p)/p (%)∆(p)/p vs. longitud traza6.565.552104.510410.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2p /phazrec3.560 70 80 90 100 110Longitud <strong>de</strong> la traza (cm)p /p vs. Ehaz rec ECALD2rec/phazp1.81.61.41.210.80.60.40 2 4 6 8 10 12Energia en el ECALD18016014012010080604<strong>02</strong>00p /phaz recEntradas/bin41031<strong>02</strong>10101Sin cortesDistancia al haz > 3 cm0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2p /phazrecm¡ )MoV• | uwtœr¤ŠN‚~u€‚ ‚Xu€r | yiz8qN{ |¤} }Y§^|~§ } t | ŸeVfgihj†k‘l_:Ï ¦ MÌ ! UÌ¦Ï Ð ¢ Ì0U Í U Ð UÌXÌ Ð Ì Ð Ï Ð W £¢*Ð W ]WÌ Ì0W%Ï TÌ Ì~Ï Ð¢ ¢ˆÐ¦ WaV ÌÐ WÌ Ð8Ð Ì~Ï/Ì (U Í UÌ W ! WÌ ` Í Ð ¦ Ì0WMÌ 8Ð Ï…Ì UÌXÌ ! .†Ì ! Ï Ð ¢ MÌ 8Ð UMÌ Í W Ì VÐ Í Ð U Ì0W Ï Ð ÏV ` WÌ Ð UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw _cW 8Í©¢ Ì Ï ¦NÐ Ñ ÌˆØÌ V`¿ ÊvÆ¢Ê À Â54 äȥ¤©Â 0‰Â54/È!Æ £ ƉĩËNÈÆ~ÂJÆYäȧ¦ <strong>02</strong>- +©¨8+MÆ% ;Ì < UÌ~Ï7 WiØÌ Í U UÌ (W ¦ Ì0W b ( ¢ ¢ e WÌ]W Ð ¡ a Ï W ¦NÍ (UÌ UÌ 8Ð U ÍÐ Í V W ¤RW Ð_:Ï1ÌÌ~Ï VÌ Ì Ì0W]U V!§b $ e ½ ( # Ì[Z fb #$ ,e b©( a e Í Ì0W(U Ï Ð Ï W ¦NÍ (U UÌ 8Ð U ÍÐ Í V W^UÌ~Ï (W ¦ Ì0W Ñ $ Ì~Ï1Ì Ì ! ?Ð,Ð 8Ð ØÌ Ð _ Ð ÐJÍ Ï Í U Ð UÌ UÌ ¡ _ X Ð8Ð Ï Ð Ï W ¦NÍ (U^UÌ~Ï W!ØÌ Í U Ð Ì~Ï…Ì V W ¦ Í V W Ì MÏ Ð W ÌxUÌ^Ï Ð WiØÌ Í V_:Ï WDÑt^ ]W ! W Ì~Ï;Ì~Ï…Ì V W 8Í©¦NÍ W Ð Ï\UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ñ Í ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! (Ð W ØÌ ! Ì Ð ^ W Ì0W W Í W ¦ V(W ÐXÍ W Ì 8Ð Í VW Ì ¢ˆÍ Í U UÌ~Ï×Ì~ÏÌ V W 8Í©¦NÍ W Ð Ï+ÑFTÌ Ì ¢ Ð8Ð W W Ï Ð U Í Ì Í V W Ì0WÌ £¦ V 8ͨ¦NÍ W Ð Ï…Ì Ì~Ï Ó # ;(¤Ð(Ð ¢ˆÍ W Í¢ˆÍ w~Ð Ì~ÏDÌ vÌ ! W UÌ ¢` Ð UÌ Ï Ð U Í VMÏ Í JÏ…Ì ! WÌ Ñ Ì ! ¢ˆÐ W (WMÌ Ð§a Ì0WÌ §¦ VUMÌ~Ï V` Ða Ñ ¤ ¦Ì Ð8Ð (Í Ï 8Ð W ¦ UÌ a Ñ a # ¦ ¦Ì Ì Ì Í Ø Ð¢ Ì0W Ì


h W Í W Ð Í VÀ¤ ¡ © 8Ðw~Ð Ì0WYÌ~Ï Ó # xXC W Ë8+ - 3.+ 0¢Â 01+Å ¥ © Ó ÌEUMÌ WÌÌ~Ï Í¨¦ W ! Ð ÏyUÌ~ÏØHV# Ì Í¨¦ W UÌ^Ï Ð 8ͨ¦NÍ UÌ†Ì UÌ^Ï ÌÇÌ (U Í Ì VÌ Í V ¢)JÍ W Ð Í WÌ W‘Ì Ð Ð§¦NÐ ! W UÌ ¢ˆÐ ÍÐ U Í©¢ JÐ Ï…Ì Ð(Ð Ì0WÌ Ï Ð Ì0WD W Í UÌ 8Ð Í VЧ¦NÐ ! Ð Ï Ó Ì ¤MÐ W Ì~ÏÌ Í W Ð U V Ï Ð T£Ì~ÏÏ †Ì ! Ì0W Ï TÌ Ì ¤MÐ Ì W Í U ¢ VÐ 8Ðw~Ð Ì0U ¢ˆÍ W Ð W Ð T£Ì~ÏÏ W^U 8Ðw~Ð bB У¦NÐ Ð Ì e ! Ì¦Ï †Ì < UMÌ Ì 8Ðw~Ð (WЧ¦NÐ Í©¢ Ð Ì e Ì vÌ ! UMÌˆÏ ÐTÐ †Ì Ð W ÍÐ $ Ð U Í vÌ Ì0W ÍÐ TÌ Ì Ì Ø Ð W Ì0W Ì U Ð ! bBÐ ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'p /pparticula rec<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> vs. Prueba Haz(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas0.10.080.060.040.<strong>02</strong>Configuracion <strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong>Configuracion Prueba Haz00.9 0.95 1 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.25 1.3p/p rec|¤} ‡‰ ¦¡ §£¢ § ¢ ¦eVfgihJj-kµl;m¡ )o/p?qsrwtvuwqxyiz8qN{©Ši‚¤u€‚T’ V ¥ } ƒ‚†r¦r5q § y ‚‰zq |~} r¦‡¢ƒ‚¦Šuwyi-x5‚ˆ‡¢^ŽN‚-X, } ‚§ y ‚¢z8qN{ |¤} z |¤§ Š 8t+‚¦‡‰J‡‰t+5zt | u8ŸrwqÌ0W UMÌC Ð U Ð †Ì < UÌ Ì 8Ðw~Ð ÑÏ Ð,Í UÌ0W Í Ð Í VW UMÌ~Ï Ì~Ï…Ì V W UÌ~Ï ¤Ðw Ì ¤MÐ †Ì 8Í Ì (Í §¦ V Ì Í Ñ Ð W ! Ì0W Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W ¢ Ì0W Ï U Ð ! Ñ Ð8Ð Ì0WÌ Ì MÏ Ð U ¢ Ð8Ð Ï…Ì Ð Ì0WMÌÍ©¢ Ï Ð Í WÌ ¨ W Ì Ð Ï Í W(U Í Ð W TÌ,Ì0WµÌ~Ï ¡ ` UÌ,Ï Ð ! Ñ1Ì~Ï V W ¤MÐ U Ð U Ï ¦NÐ Ð Ï Ð (Ðw~Ð Í Í Ø Ð Ð Ï Ð WÌ ¦NÐ Í Ø Ð ¢ Ì0W Ì0WÌ §¦ V Ì Í Ð È)ÅÈËNËiÊ À  4¥¤ W ÌVUÌ Ð ÏÏ Ð Ï Ð Ì~Ï…Ì Í V W Ì Ð Ï Í w~Ð U Ð 4/ÊvË8+ <strong>02</strong>- +©¨8+ È@4 È)Å ¨§ £© b Ð8Ð Ï Ð; Ì ! Ï Í V W Ð W ¦ MÏ Ð e¦Ì Í †ÌÑ ¢ Ï Ð ¢ˆÐUÌ 8Ðw~Ð ¢ WÌ0W Ì ¦Ì^Ì Ì ¢ U Ñ ]W .†Ì ! Í UÌ Ð Ï Ð8ÐÐ*Ð T,VÌ~Ï{T£Ì Ì0W ¦NРͨ¦ W ¦§(#Ñ Ð Ï Í¢ Ï Í Ð Ï Ð Ì[Z Í Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ(W Ð 8Ðw~Ð Í Í Ø Ð bvÌ~ÏWvUÌ~Ï Ð e U WÌ ¦NÐ Í Ø Ð bvÌ~Ï‹Ì~Ï…Ì V W UÌ~Ï Ð Ì~Ï:Ì~Ï…Ì V W 8ͨ¦NÍ W Ð ÏcUÌ~Ï ¤MÐw e 8Ð W b V Ð 8Ðw~Ð e _cWÉÏ Ð ¦ (Ð a Ì ¢ Ì 8Ð Ï Ð ¢ Í Í V W Ì~Ï Ð Í Ø Ð UÌ †Ì < Ì0W ]W Í V W UÌ ¢UÌ Í©¢Ð Í V W ! W?UÌ Í U Ð Ð Ï Ð Í WÌ Í Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0WÇÌ~ÏÏ Ð U ¨ ÑoT£Ì Ð Ì ¤MÍ Í Ì W Ð Ì0W Ì Ì0WÏ Ð Ì Í VMÏ W a f_:Ï ¢ Ì0W W V ¢ Ì UÌ Í©¢ Ð ! WÏÏ…Ì¤Ø Ð (W ¢ Ì0W W V ¢ Ì UÌ 8Ðw~Ð †Ì ! Ñ Ð W ! Ñ (W Т Ì0W Ð W Í U Ð U{UÌ †Ì < UÌ" Ч¦NÐ ¦§(\_ ! ¤MÐ Í U Ð W Ð U Ð ÍÐ Ï ¢ Ì0W Ì" WÐ,Í W ¤Ï Í V W UÌXÏ Í©¢ Ð ! Ø Í Ð Ï…Ì Ï?©¦#(#".,4 -;?©-$9¥¡?B


¡ §©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032 V Ì~ÏÌ~Ï…Ì Ì Ð +MÆ+ ÊB4¡ + -#Ê +54 0¢È ¡ _£¢¥¤ ȧ¦©¨Ë Ó Ì Ì Ð Ï Í w~Ð (W= Ì 8Ðw W Ð Ï…Ì ¢ Ì0W Ì Ì ¦ Ì0W ¢ˆÐ Ð Ð ¦¢¦NÐ8Ð W Í w~Ð TÌ\Ï †Ì < UÌ Ì 8Ðw~Ð Ø Í Ì0WÌ0W UÌ~Ï ¢ˆÍ ¢ †Ì ! . Ì ¢ (Ф Ï(W ¦ ¦8Ð WiØÌ Í V WDÑ W Ì0W ¦NТ Í WÌ UMÌ0W UÌ?Ï Ð Ì 8Ðw~Ð ¦Ì?Ì Ì ¢ U Т)Í VU Í Ì Ð W ÍÐ À V Ì~Ï…ÌX# a \_ ! Ì Ì Ð Ï Í w~Ð,Ð 8Ð ØHV Ì€UÌ Ì0W ÐYÍ W †Ì Í U ¢). Ì Ì0WRÏ Ð Ì[Z (Ð Ï Ð Í V WuUÌ~Ï7 Т ¢ˆÐ¦ W,V1CargaSimulacionEntradas/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas-110-210Datos-310-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2Suma <strong>de</strong> signos <strong>de</strong> las trazaseVfgihj-k l m¡ #l;o1”q ¡~})| t | t+‚¤J‡‰? | r?uwy } r×z |~} z |¤} „¤8uwtq‡ | u8ŸÌ0W Ì?Ì~Ï Í¢ˆÍ W Ð WÐ T£MÌ~ÏÏ †Ì ! Ð 8Ðw~Ð ¤MÐ W Ì[Z Ì 8Í©¢ Ì0W Ð U Ð Ï ¦ (W ÐRÍ W Ì (Ð Í V WÒÌ0W : ТˆÍ W UÌ UÌYÌ~Ï WiØÌ Í U Ð ¢ Ð8Ð Í VW UMÌYÏ Ð ¢ˆÐ ÐÔÍ WiØ Ð8ÍÐ W Ì~UMÌYÏ ØHV Ì Í †Ì UÌ a 8Ðw~Ð Ì0W Ì Í©¢ Ï Ð Í V W U Ð !Ì ¢ MÌ 8Ð Ì0W\Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð a #f_ WÔÌ~ÏÏ Ð Ì Ì0UÌ Ð Ì ÍÐ (W Ð Ì U 8Ðw W Ð Ï…Ì Ð ÌWT£MÌ. W Ð Ì Í Ø Ð8Í ¢Ì0W U Í Ì Í V W ¦žÖ b ¤MÐ ÍÐ Ì~Ï 8Í W Í Í UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw e UÌ Í U Ð Ï Ð¦Í WÌ[Z Í Ì0W ÍÐ UÌ Í W ¢ˆÐ Í V W§UMÌ~Ï ¢ˆÍ ¢Ì0WÉÌ Ð§w W Ð 4 3;Ä/ÅvµÃ/È)Å7+©¨ ˆ¿ - +Mà Ð8Ð Ì¤Ø Í Ð ¦ Ì Ð V ` MÏ Ð Ì0W*Ì~Ï ¤MÐ Ï UMÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ñ JÍ Ì0W 8Ðw~Ð T̤MÐ Ð W Í U W Í U Ð UÌ Í Ì0W Ì ¢ Ì0W ÌÈ)ÅvÈ!ËiËiÊ À Â54 Ã/È Æ¢Ä©ËiÈ!Æ~ÂJÆ¡Æ¢Ê ¿:9 ÅvÈÆ Ñ;Ì UÌ Í Ñ Ì0WµÏ TÌ$W ¤Ð Ð Ì0W Í U Ï ¦NÐ Ì~Ï Ð ! UÌ (W Ì ¦ (W(U W 8Ð W ÌÇÏ Ð‘Ð UT£ Í Í Í V W^UMÌ~Ï .†Ì !UÌ0W Ì Í V WDÑ ¢ Ì Í W(U Í ?VÌ0WÔÏ Ð Ì Í V WÌ UÌ(W Ð Ð Ï Ð 8Ð UÌÌ Ð TÌ Ì ¦ Ð U Ð WTÌ~Ï †Ì ! @:A@VA/AP©¨ ZµI±'P©F©¬‹H­M®I²N­€H)G I¨:IMLN«®¤:G LNG5PD²P©¨VI±JÍ U Ð T£MÌ{W Ì{U Í WÌ UÌ Í W ¢ˆÐ Í V W U Í© Ì Ð UÌ~Ï V W Ì ¢ˆÍ Í U Ì0W Ì~Ï W!ØÌ Í U ÌW UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ñ Ì Í Ï Í w~Ð Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W ¨ W Ì Ð Ï Ð8Ð ¢ Ð8Ð W Ï Ð Ì¤Ø Í Í WÌ Ð8Ð V ÐTТ Ð(Ð U Ì~Ï MÌ0W Ð Ì U Ì0W Ì Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í VÌh ¨µÓ ¦ ¡ X#+_ Ì ! W U Ð ! Ì0WÒÏ Ð Í¨¦ Í Ì0W Ì ! Ï Í V WµÌ Ð ÍÐ Ï Ð W Í U Ð U UMÌ ¢ˆÐ Ì 8ÍÐ Ï Í¢ MÏ Ð U Ð W(U Ï Ð‘Í W ¢ˆÐ Í V W Ì0W Í U Ð Ì0W Ï ÐÌ Ì Í V W


Ì0W ÌÉÏ Ð ¢*Ð UÌÉÏ ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UMÌ~Ï Ð Ì~Ï…Ì V Í Ï Í w~Ð W(U Ì Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W Ø Ð Ï Í U Ð U Ð Ñ UMÌ ¢ Ì Í©¢ˆÐ U Í© Ì Ð¢ Ì0W Ì Ï Ð Ì0WMÌ §¦ V ` Ð UÌ Ï ! WMÌ ¤Ì W Í U _:Ï Ì MÏ Ð U Ì ¢ Ì (Ð Ì0WTÏ Ð ¦ (Ð a ;^ (W ! W%Ï Ð Ì¤Ø Í Í WÌ Ð8Ð h ¨ÔÓ ¦ ¡ X[UÌ~Ï# Ì~Ï _ Nh'VÑ(U W(UMÌÌ~ÏDÌ ^5Ì Õ Ì Ó ¡ ¦-¢¡ K¨ )'2MasaMasa invariante(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas0.120.10.080.060.04SimulacionDatos0.<strong>02</strong>00 0.001 0.0<strong>02</strong> 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.01E 2 -p 2eVfgihj†k‘l m¡ ¤)o ‚¤r8‚ q } „†‚~uwq‚ } t+^‚¤Jz8yi‚¢‡~u€‚¢‡ | ‡¢ | rdrwyiz5wr | r‡‰£¢Xtu€‚--‚†r×Xz5‚¤u ¡ ‚ t | t+‚¤. ¢Ÿ! Ï Í V W Ì0W ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! Ì0W Ì€U Ð ! Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V W ¨ W Ì Ð Ï b Ì Í VÌ W eÐw V Ì×Ì~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw +¡ £¢¥¤ Ï Ð Ì0WÌ §¦ V ` Ð ! Ð Ï UÌ~ÏØHV£¢Ì0W WÌ Í †Ì€b ¢ˆÐ W]U Ì~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W !Ð ! ÍÐ U Ð Ð U Ð (W Ð UÌXÏ Ð Ì 8Ðw~Ð e§¦ ͨ¦ 8Ð a £#£ ½¡ ¨¢©¤ + ¤ + ¤ + ¤ ¼ +b©( CeÐw V WW ¦ Í V W Ì~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï ¤MÐwÌ0W Ì~ÏfUÌ~Ï Ì~ÏÌ V WvbvÌ~Ï…Ì V W ¢ 8ͨ¦NÍ W Ð Ï £ UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw e§¦ Í©¦ 8Ð a ¤)¢ ½ ¤ + ¤ +¡ £¢¥¤ ¡# + ¤ ¥ ¼ +b©(e¨`b ¡ e ¡ ½ ¤ + ¤ # + + +b©(¤£eÍ Ì0W(U + MÌ~Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï V W 8ͨ¦NÍ W Ð Ï + ¤ ¢ + ¤ Ï ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ?Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð ¢ WÌ0W Ì Ì~Ï ¢ˆÍ ¢ ¢ Í Ø Ì[Z Ì ! Ð


Ð bV` MÏ W Ð W ¦ Ï Ð×Ð ]W Ð UMÌ Ì £¢ˆÍ W Ð U Ð Ì0WÌ £¦ V Í V Ì < Ì Í Ì ¢ VÌ0UÌC ¢ Ð Ì Ì0W%Ì~Ï Ì ¢ Ì0W UÌ¦Ï Ð Ð Ï Ð ©(0X# Ð W 8ͨ . Í WÌ ¢ VÌ~ÏÌ V W+_‹Ï‘V W.¤Ï Í WMÌ Ð -'È!Æ¢ÂJŜĩË!Ê À Ì Í ! . ÌÌ~Ï Ð¢ ¢ˆÐ¦ W,VVÐ W ¦ MÏ TÌ? W Í Ì0W̧©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas0.0450.040.0350.030.<strong>02</strong>50.<strong>02</strong>0.0150.010.005SimulacionDatosE haz/E vertice00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2Q 1m¡ ¥ iopqsrwtuwqx8yizq |~} r ‡¢¡ ¤ £K5z8yi‚¢z8qN{ |¤} Ÿ ~¥×ŠN‚~u€‚y } ŽN‚(^‚ˆ’V ¥Ô } rwq § y ‚‰zqN{ |~} X‡‰‚¤t | r8ŸeVfgihj†k‘l@:A@VA£¢3AP©¨ ZµI±'P©F©¬‹H­M®GD¨V«©¬‹FKG L¤:G LNG5PD²P©¨VI±Ó ÌRUMÌ WÌ Ì ! Ï Í V` Ð UMÌ~Ï (Ð ¦NТ ¢ˆÐÐ Ï V£:` UÌÏ Ð U Í Ì Í WÌ Ì W Í U Ð Ð Ï Ì0UÌ0U UÌÏ Ð U Í Ì Í V W{UÌ Í W Í UÌ0W ÍÐ bB ¢ ÌØ Í Ì0WÔÌ~ÏÌ~Ï W Ï U Ð ! Ì ¢ Ì (Ð WµÌ0W Ï Ð ¦ 8Ð a Ð8Ð Ø Ð(ÍÐ ` Ð _ W,Ì~Ï ¢*Í ¢ ¦ V W ¨ W Ì Ð Ï Ð8Ð h ¨ÔÓ ¦ ¡ XÌ0WMÌ §¦ VÐ Ñ Ì Í W.¤Ï Ì0Ŵ Ï Ð Ì¤Ø Í Í WÌ UMÌ?Ï Ð Í©¢MÏ Ð Í VUMÌ~Ï Ó #a ` MÏ a e Ì MÏ Ð U UÌ,Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V¤ Ð TÌ ÌW Ð Ï Ð TÌÌ0WµÌ Ì% Ð ! Ì 8ÐÐ ^ Ð Ì0W\Ï Ð ¤Í mV Ì Í Ï Í WÌ Ð Ï Í U Ð URÌ0W ÌÌ~Ï V W Ì~ÏUÌUÌ~Ï Ð V V W Í W Í UÌ0W Ì ¦ÌÌ Ì ¢ U Ñ UÌ ¢ Ð Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð UÌ~Ï Ó # ;( ¢ U Í Ì Í V W[UÌ Í W Í UÌ0W. ÍÐ UÌ~ÏÌ~ÏÌ VWDÑ Ð ¢ Ð8Ð WRÏ Ð U Í Ì Í V W Ì W Í U ÐÐ Ð Í UÌ Ï ØÌ ! Ì ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï Ð Ì~Ï…Ì V W ¦Ð W ¦ MÏ ¢ˆÐ U Ï Ð 8Ðw~Ð UÌ~Ï Ó # ;( Ì~ÏÎØÌ ! ¢ ¢ Ì0W ! UÌ~Ï Ð b Í W.¤Ï Ì0W(U Ï Ð W Í Í V W UÌV¨¥¤§¦,e Ì ¢UMÌÌ 8Ð Ì0WTÏ Ð ¦ (Ð ¡ Ð Ï Í Í W Ð W ¦ MÏ Ð Ñ ¢ Ð Í ¤MÐ W Í U Ï U ¢*Í W Ð W Ì Ì0WµÌ~Ï Ð W VUÌ,Ï Ð Ì < Ï Í VÐ Í©¢ Ð W Ì Ø Í Ì0WÌ0W< ¢ Ì Í U Ð Ï6 W Í UÌ 8Ð Ï Ð U Í Ì Í V WuUÌ~Ï V W ¢ Ð(Ð Ï…Ì~Ï Ð*Ð Ï Ð UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ì~Ï/Ì Ì ! UÌÇÏ ÐUMÌ~Ï1ÌÍ Ì Í V W MÏ ¢)ÍÐ W Ð (_ ! Í Ì ¢U Í ¡ Ì ¤MÐ W UÌ Ì £¢*Í W Ð U Ð W(U Ï Ð Í©¢ Ï Ð Í V W ¨Ð W Ì Ð Ï W UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ì~Ï (Í©¢ Ì Ì Ð W Ð Ï Í w~Ð Ì~Ï Ì Í U Ð W ¦ Ï Ð UÌÎÏ Ð U Í Ì Í V W UÌ~Ï V W Ì Ì !3Ð8ÐÐ Ï Ð U Í© Ì Í VÌ~Ï Ì ¦ (W(U Ì ¤MÐ Ì (U ÍÐ U Ì~Ï Ì Í U Ð W ¦ MÏ Ð UÌ?Ï Ð U Í© Ì Í V W$UÌ~Ï ¤MÐw Ì Ì !3Ð8ÐÏ Ð U Í Ì Í V W?UÌ~ÏÐ W Ì W Í U Ð Ì0Ŵ Ì~Ï Ó # ;( 8Ð W 8ͨ Í WÌ ! W~UMÌ ¢ Ì0W dÍ©¢ Ð W ÍÐ Ì~Ï Ð Í Ø Ð Ì ¤MÐ WÏÏ Ð U Í W ¤Ï Ì0W(U Ì < Ì Ì0W,Ï Ð Í¢ MÏ Ð Í V W Ð Ð U Ì0W,Ï U Ð ! Ì Ð Ï…Ì ¤Ðb Ì MÏ Ð U UÌ~Ï Ð Ï Í WÌ Ð¢ˆÍ Ì0W ! Ñ¢ U Í Ð W(U Ï Ð ¤MÍ mVÌ Í ÑÌ e| NHS=B,= Na9 243©¨q3 (U Í UMÌXÏ U Ð ! Ì0W Í U Ì0WTÌ Ð MÌ Ð ! Ì ¤MÐw W Ì £¢ˆÍ ÌXÏÏ…Ì ¦NÐ¦Ð Ï Ð Í¨¦ Í Ì0W Ì_:Ï1Ì4ÒÈÆ 9 +MËiÊ+Å©Ã/È*ÅvÂJÆ ¿ÁÀ ÂJäĤÅvÂÆ W .£¢ˆÐ Ï Ì Ï Ð U UÌ MÌ Ð Ð W Ì (Í Ì _ ! ͨ¦ W Í Ð ȚÌ~Ï;Ï Ð U UÌ~ÏyUÌ Ì ! Í Ì0WMÌ (W Ð' Ì < Ï Í V W Í W VÓ` W Ì Ð UÌ (W Ð ( ¡ ¢ Ì0W‘Ì~Ï Ï Ð U Ó


Ð -‰ÈÆ~Â;ÅvÄ/ËiÊ Àa _ V` Ð Ì Ð Ì0WÌ §¦ VUÌ Ð Ð¢ MoQS-O* ¡g"!,Q!E/1/C< 6 {9 98*,z>¢£-1/1!,@C*¡!QS=


}§©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032σ(E)/EResolucion energetica0.10.090.080.07Simulacion/2 (0.4 T)<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> (sim, 0.8 T) STD<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> (sim) ECAL0.060.050.040.030.<strong>02</strong>0.0101 1<strong>02</strong>10310Momento (GeV/c)‚¦užwr | yizq |~} r | x8t+ } q‡¢‚†r? } 8Mwrwtvyi‡¤q | *|¤} eVfgihJj-kˆl m¡ ¥o—:r | yiz8qN{ } 8u ¡ { tvqz5‚:ŠN‚~u€‚ § | t |¤} wr8Ÿ”) § yiwrwtvu€‚ }|¤}|¤} ‡¢¦ ‚?Š)uwyi(x5‚ } ŽN‚-Œ3x5‚†r8‚¢‡ | } | r?u€wrwy t+‚¢‡ | r¦‡‰‡¤qz5ŽN‚¨ tvy | ¢XJu€r5y tœ‚‰‡ | ‡¢t+5z5‚¤uw | ‡¢8;z5‚5ŠV{‚Xrwq § yƒ‚¢z8qN{Š)uwyi(x5‚ˆ£v„¤8u×tœ‰t | ¥~Ÿ–¤ §‚‰zt | u¡ © ¦Šu | „-q } ‡‰? ‚¦ ‰tvu€‚žŠ | ƒ‚¢z8qN{8tvqz | „†‚|¤} ‚¤J‡‰t+5zt | u ©} ‚¤‡ |¤} ‡¢^z5‚ § Š | § ‚ ¡¢} {‚r8u‡‰ ‡ | x8 q } t+ } r5q‡‰‚¢‡‰ŸResolucion angular(grados)σ 681SimulacionDatos<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> (sim) STD-110-2101 10Momento (GeV/c)|~} ‚ }'¡ y ‚¤u?%¡ £¢§ ž‡~q‡¢‚YŠi‚¤už‚Ô ‚ § yirwtu€‚Rt | t+‚¤×‡¢T‡‰‚¤t | r5ŒX } §5y } zqN{eVfgihJj-k|~} ‡‰ §|¤§ } t |l m¡ -§!o?—‹wr | yizqN{| ru€rwy tœ‚‰‡ | r^‡¢ ‚¦rwq § y ‚‰zqN{užžz |~} rwtuwyq‡ | ‡¢^ | r § | t |~} rŸ1”) § yirwtu€‚ } t+‚ § x8q'{|~} ‡¢^ƒ‚Šuwyi-xž‚, } ŽN‚-^,‡¢8‡‰t+5zt | u×t | t+‚¤©£vytvq… q -‚ } ‡ | tuž‚(-‚†r¤ŠiuvŠi } ‡¤qz8y ‚¤užwrœ¥


h Ï ¦ ]W Ï…Ì ¢ˆÐ ¤MÐ W Í U Í UÌ0W Í Ð U ¦8Т*Ð ¤Ð U Í U Ì UÌ 8Ð U Ì0WÔØÌ Í WMÌ †Ì Í Ø Ð ¤MÐ Ð Ï Ð ØÌ Í V Ð ÍÐ W Ð W¡]W Ì ! ͨ¦ W Í Ð Í Ø b ( ¡ # a ¡ `[eTÌÌ Ð 8ͨ Í© Ï…Ì Ð ÏDÌ < Ì0WRÏ Ð,Рͨ¦ W Ð Í V¡ i¡ ¦-¢8ŸAngulo entre el par y la traza <strong>de</strong>l haz(Entradas/bin)/No. <strong>de</strong> entradas0.050.040.030.<strong>02</strong>σ 68SimulacionDatos0.0100 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2Angulo (grados)l;m…l )o { ¤ }'¡ y | } tvu€ ‚T‡~q…u€5z5zqN{eVfgihJj-k‡¢8/ŽN‚-É£ § 5‡¤q‡¢‚R } 83”Dp¡ 5¥‘‘ƒ‚T‡¤q…u€5z5z8qN{ |¤} u€5z |¤} rwtuwyq‡‰‚Tz |¤} 8|~}8uwtqz5X8 5z8tu1{ „/{ } ‚ƒŠ | rwq…tu1{ |~} Œ Ši‚¤u€‚Y‡¢‚~t | r z |~}T§^|~§ } t | r^u€5z |¤} r5tvuwyq‡ | r } tvu€ , ¦¥V ¥ Ÿ/”) § yiwrwtvu€‚t+‚ § xq#{|~}§ 5‡¤q‡‰‚¦‡‰t%¡ £¢'Ÿ Í¢ˆÍ ¢ Ì Ð MÌ Ð ¤Ð W Ì £¢ˆÍ Í U Ð Ï ! Í UÌ Ð^5Ì Ð UÌ Ì0U . Í V W UÌRU Ð ! Ñh Ð Ï ¦ 8Í ¢ Ï ! Ï UMÌ' ¢ ]W Í Ð Í V W U MÏ Ð WÌ UMÌ‘Ï Ð ¢ˆÍ ¢ˆÐ Ì Ì0UÌ0W Ì0W W 8Ð Ì0W Ì~Ï ! Í UÌ~Ï ?V U ͨ¦ 8ÐwUÌ Ì W Í V W_FZ Í Ì0W Í WÌ Í Ì0W ÍÐ Ì0W Í©¢ Ð ! Ì W Í U UÌ~Ï UÌ0W UÌ # ( ¡ ` ¢ VÏ Ï…Ì ¢ˆÐ UÌ Í U WÉÏ Ð MÌ0W ÌxUÌ Ð Ï Í©¢ Ì0W Ð Í V W © 8Ð ÍÐ Ð Ï Ð Ì[Z Ì 8Í Ì0W ÍÐXÐ UOT£ Í©8Í U Ð Ì Ì W РРϥyh Í©¢*Í ¢ ÑÌ~Ï Ï…Ì ¢ˆÐ UÌXÏ Ð Ì0W Ì MÌ Í UÌ0W Í Ð U ! Ï Í W Ð U Ð8Ð Ì¤Ø Í Ð ÌÌ0WTÌ~Ï¥ _:Ï Ð ^ Ì Ð Ï Ð U Í 8Í© Í V W UÌ?Ï Ì Í U UÌ?Ï Í©¢ Ð ! Ì0W% Ð U Ð Ï Ð W Ì Ì0W Ð (W Ð Ì ¦ ]W(U Ð WUÌ Í Ð Ð W(U Ï Ð Ð V†Ì Ð UÌ (W Ð UÌÌ~ÏÏ Ð _:Ï (Í©¢ Ì (W ! Ì U Í© Ì Ð¢ Ì0W Ì Ð U Ð ÏÌ; §8ͨ¦NÍ Ì0W(U Ì~Ï Ð Ï ¦ 8Í ¢ UÌ Ð Ì U Ð Ï Ì MÏ Ð ¦` MÏ Ð*¤Ð Ð Ð U Ø Í ! _:Ï Ì ¦ (W(U (W ! ÑbTÌ Ì0UÌ Ì0WMÌ W ÌÌ0W ÍÐ Ð8Ð Ï Ð Ì ! Ï Í V W Ð W ¦ MÏ Ð Ñ ¤MÐ Í U UW ¤Ï Í U UMÌ0W UÌ¦Ï Ð Í©¢ MÏ Ð Í V WDÑ Ð (WTÌ Ì ¤MÐ ¢ Ð U TÌ¦Ï Ð UÌ ¦8Ð U Ð Í WÌ TÌ Ø Ð Ì0WÍÐ; Ì ! Ï Í V W ! W ÌWT£MÌ. W Ð Ï


§©¨ ¢ !#" ()" ¨©¨+ , /.1032


( ¨ (Í w Ñ ¨ R_ Ó ¦ # ¤ _ Ó¦Ó ¦OX ¡¢¡ X ¦ ¡¢¡ ¤ ¨ ¨ ¦©Ï ͨ 8Ð UÌ UÌ ¨ ¦NÍ ¦ JÍ W ¨ ¤ ¦ Ì JÏoUÌ ¦ ¤ Ì Í ¦ ¡ X ¦ ¡¢¡ (¥¤ 3Ð Í ¤Ï…Ì Ð Ð ¤ 1Ì Xb X ¡¢¡ Ce¨a%¢¡K+¤£¦¥ § ,(* 3Ð Ï ¨RÐ Ì Ñ Ì Í U ! 8Ð Ï Ì Ì0W Ð U Ð Ì0WÉÌ~Ï ©¨ ¦ ¤RW Í ØÌ Í U Ð U UÌ Ó)Í Ì0W Ð b X ¡¢¡ a e Í Í8Ð UDÑ Ì Í U ! 8Ð Ï Ì Ì0W Ð U Ð Ì0W Ï Ð ¤RW Í ØÌ Í U Ð U UÌ ÓÐ Ð +h ¦ # ¦OX ¡¢¡ ¦§(0XKXb X ¡¢¡ Ce a h Ï Ð Ñ MÌ Ð Ï ¨ ¨ h X ¡ b X ¡¢¡ e(0X@( h Ï Ð Ñ MÌ Ð Ï MÌ0W Ì Ð8Ð Í V W Ó Ì¤Ø Í ÏÏ Ð Ñ )Ì Ð Ï Í Ì0W Ð Ï ¦Ó _ ¦‹Ñ Ì0W Ìb X ¡¢¡ e @(£ h Ï Ð8Ðw Ñ Ó Ì¤Ø Í ÏÏ Ð Ñ Ì Ð Ï Ì0W Ì Ð8Ð Í V W ¤ (WDÑ Í Ì ¦ ©Ì¤Ì Ñ Ó (h ¨ÔÓ¨ Ì X ¡¢¡ ¦§(0X ¦ ¡ ( Ó)Í©¢ W1Ñ " © 8Í Ì DÑ ÎÓ ¨ h ¨ Ì a ¦OX@( ¦Ì W Ñ ?„‡†O|dflW‹orgW|Œlo† |l j[sYj[dŠŒ‰Cj’†O|eouOs¨eod[|ŒgWuj7s w c Œg c _cU Т) (Í U ¦ ̧b ( £e ( ¡ Ð W Í Ì~Ï ^5Ì Ð W1Ñ Ì Í W Ð Ì Ì0W Ð U Ð Ì0WTÏ Ð ¤RW Í ØÌ Í U Ð U UÌ Í WÌ 8Ð b X ¡¢¡ Ce((* 1Ì Ñ ĉ j6g †Œ’rOj c [lod †rg’uUjReod e}†ˆ‹ s¨eod[|ŒgWuj7s w c Œg c jŠsYj’d‡Œ‰zj[†O| c _cU Ó 8Í W ¦ Ì ¦ Ì Ï Ð¦( ¤e b (0XÖ §JÐ ¤ Ñ (h ¨µÓ¨ Ì?X ¡¢¡ ¦ ¡ ¦ ¡ a ( a h ¦ Í WÌ~ÏÏ Í Ñ Ó )Ì Ð Ï ¨ ¨ h ¡ £b X ¡¢¡ a e.X ¡ ( h Ï Ð Ñ MÌ Ð Ï ¨ ¨ h a b X ¡¢¡¢¡ e a (¤£ # ¤ Ì Ð Ñ ¨ ¨ h aa b ( a e ( Ð WÌ Ñ ¨ Ì Ð Ï ¤ Ì¤Ø ]b ( £e((0X ¤


¢ ¢


¦¨§© ¡£¢¥¤£ ¥ § ¡ ¡ ¥ §&')(+*-,/.1032426547 ,)' "!$#%!EGF A-C EGH$I ?@AB9KJMLON"P@PQNBRG9393P@939TS I C EGHVUNB;$93WXJMLON"=ONBSVNYAZS[9T;\C 91]_^a`XN H SC 9KA EGFH S[?QS[L\?@=9bN FcI C 9 H =ON8:9=?@9>AB?DCFed>dMfgd>dihkj+E ; j 9T;[SYC `ABLP@9 H AB9T;$RG9>=9 HBfmlnEoE>p\H S[9 F SVN>qrPs9 j NYJtLNtu F 9 U;$9>ABAB?YC EGF ;[N H S[9 F SVN>qrPEGH ;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9LF NB;$RC `9¨qmS[?QN F NcL F N FOE ; I Nc?F SVNB;MC N HKj 9T;$9wNYPxAB9 IKj+E =ONcP@9w9 H SV; E>U C `H ?@AB9o=ON j 9T;[SYC `ABLPs9 HBf 8y9w;z9T{|C EGF=N9>PQS[9oN;$?F AB?j 9>P:N H Ps9 Ê~}y€ƒ‚…„e†‡iʉˆ €ƒ}‹Š3ÊŒ‚ŽM‡G‡iÊŒ€ƒ}y†\ =ONKN H SVN1S[?j+E =ONK;$9>=?@9>AB?DC EGF-f 8 EGH ;$9DW EGH A-C EGH[I ?@A EGH AB9T;[RG9>= EGHjN F AB9 I p ?E q j ?@NB;$=ON F P@9‘SV;z9T{Y9 p ?@P@?@=\9>=’9 H L H1ULON F SVN HXE ;$?QRG?F 9>P@N H3j“E ;PEGHKj+E A E A EGFOE AB?@= EGH N”?Q;[;[NBRGL\P@9T;[N HI1j“EGHKI 9TR F C NBS[?@A EGH ?F SV;$9oN•?F SVNB;[RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?sA EGH W–P@9 H N FOE ; I N H =\?H S[9 F AB?@9 H =N j ; E>j 9TRG9>AB?YC EGF-f ] H C ` j LN HKH NAB9LONY=ON F A EGFOE AZNB;"=?Q;[NYAZS[9 I N F SVNN F NB;$9>= E ;[N H =ON N H S EGHnUŒE S EGF N H =ONb9>P@SYC `H ?I 93N F NB;[RC `91W—N H S[L\=?@9T;$PEGH N FjNYP+A EGF SVNZ˜MS E =ON E SV;z9 H ?FOUŒE ; I 9>AB?EGF N H A EGFOE AB?@=9 H =ON"PEGHE>p ^ NBS EGH =ON_PEGH JtLON j ; E AZNY=ON F q E>p SVN F ?s=9 H 9 j 9T;[S[?Q;; I 9>AB?YC EGF =ON E SV;$9 H { EGF 9 H =ONYPrN HVj NYAZSV; E q E—j+E ;_NYPmN H S[L=?E =ONKP@9 H A EGF =?@AB?EGF N H =ON H LaN F S E ; FOE—j+E ;=N3?FOUE^ N IKj PEOf 8:9b9 H SV; EGFOEGI C `9"RG9 I1I 9=ON HmE>p\H NB; › 9>AB?EGF 9>PQN H q‰PE JMLONnŸ\9"ŸONYA$Ÿ E JtLN H NnŸ9DWG9EGFt› NB;[S[?@= E N F P@93SC E>j ?@AB9 I N F SVNbP@P@9 I 9>=9‘ ƒC LPQS[?I 9 › N F S[9 F 9X=ONYP-N HVj NYAZSV; E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@A EG¡¨f|l%E Ÿ9 H ?@= EAH S[91Ÿ9>AZN j+E A E1I N FOEGH =Nv¢Y£K9ƒu FOEGH JMLON H N/Ÿ9KA EGF‰› NB;$S[?@= E N F L F AB9 IKj+EKj PQN F 9 I N F SVN =N H 9T;[; E P@Ps9>= EOfŸ\9¤ 9 p N F =ON H S[9>AB9T;1PEGH H ?QRGL\?QN F SVN Hbj L F S EGH N F SV;[N—PEGH ;[NBS EGH JtLONŸ9o=ON H L j NB;z9T; ABL9>P@JML?QNB;j 9>AB?@=9>=1=ON%P@9"9TS I C EGHVUNB;$9 9/N H S[9/PEGF RG?@S[L=K=ON EGF =\9"Ÿ9/?IKj NY=?s= E ABL\9>P@JtL\?QNB; E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF Ÿ\9 H S[98:99ƒu FEGHx¦T§¨f ¤ EGIKE3H N%=NBS[9>P@P@9"N F P@9 j ;ƒC E ˜¨?I 9 H NYABAB?YC EGF qtN H S E Ÿ9 P@P@N › 9>= E 9>P\=ON H 9T;$; E P@PE =N%?F R>N F ?EGH 9 HPEGHNYA F ?@AB9 H%j 9T;$9KP@9K=ONBSVNYABAB?DC EGF N F S[?@NB;[;$93W—91P@9K?FH S[9>P@9>AB?YC EGF =ON E>p\H NB; › 9TS E ;z?EGH N F C E ; p ?QS[9 fStC;[S[9 F SVN UEGF = E =ON—;$9DW EGH A-C EGH[I ?sA EGH AB9T;[RG9>= EGHBf ] j N H 9T;AZSVNB;DC `H S[?@AB9 H)I LOWcABP@9T;$9 H q\Ps9KN FOE ; I N j ; E>j+E ;$AB?YC EGF =ON j ; E S EGF N H WNYP@NYAZSV; EGF N H U;[N F SVNb9KNYPsPEGHLLONY=ON/9T;$;$L?F 9T;¨L F 9 H Ntu F 9>P j+E SVN F AB?@9>P H ?+NYP U9>AZS E ;_=ON";[NYAzŸ9T{ EXFE N HnH LOžƒAB?QN F SVN fjHVj NYAZSV; E =\?UNB;$N F AB?@9>P|©¨ª“«…©t¬­=ONbS[?j+EvFOE SMC NB; I ?@A E q H ?QRGLONj+E ;$AB?EGF 9>P|9œšP:Nj ; E Õ?I 9>=9 I N F SVN f 8 EGH/° L ^ EGH N H[j NB;z9>= EGH N F N H SVNv;¨C NBRG?I N FeHVEGF =C N p ?sPQN H q j+E ;/=ON p 9 ^ E =ONXPEGH¬K®\¯19§ ®-±²BNB;[Rt³…A I ¯D³ HYf ` EGF•F NYAZN H 9T;$?@9 Ḧ j+E ; S[9 F S E P@9T;$RG9 H NZ˜ j+EGH ?sAB?EGF N H W³ EvH L j NB;[ž\AB?@N H =ON/=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF-f¢F 9 j+EGH ?p PQN"ABP@9 H ?QžƒAB9>AB?YC EGFµ¢Z·:=ON PEGHxE>p ^ NBS[?›>EGH AB?QN F SYC `ž\A EGH =NYP|AB9 IKj+E N H ¥´‚'ÊŒ¹\¨}aŠr3Œ€ƒº%‚…†‰»“€\º)‡xˆ €\ºŽ„ ÊŒ‡G€ƒº>¼O½ ?H SC E ;$?@AB9 I N F SVN H NSV;z9TS[9)=NL F 9n=ONxP@9 Hrj ;$?I NB;$9 H:IKE S[?› 9>AB?EGF N H¸9T;$9eNYP)N H S[L=?E =ONoN H S[9 p 9 F =9e=ONwN F NB;[RC `9 f `¨? p ?QN F NYP)N HVj NYAZSV; E W¾A EGIKj+EGH ?@AB?DC EGF =ONaPEGH ;$9YW EGHjEGH[I ?@A EGH N H SC 9 F AB9>=\9 › NB{ I N ^ E ;rN H S[L=?@9>= EGH q H L E ;$?@R>N F W I NYAB9 F ?H[IKE =ONx9>AZNYPQNB;$9>AB?YC EGF3FOE_H NxA EGFOE AZN FA-CEGF S E S[9>P“AZNB;[SVNB{Y9 f 8:9 N I ?H ?DC EGF =ON RG9 I1I 9 H =Nn9>PQS[9/N F NB;[RC `9 H N ;[NYP@9>AB?EGF 9 A EGF N H AZN F 9T;$?EGH = EGF =ON%P@9 HA9T;[SYC `ABL\P@9 H AB9T;[RG9>=9 H)HVEGF 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>=9 HnE = EGF =NoC N H S[9 H ?F SVNB;$9>AZS+C L\9 F A EGF NYP I NY=?E qƒA EGIKEXH Nb=ON H AZ;$?p NjC 9 H 9>=NYP@9 F SVN f I¢Y¿ d


§ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢¡) ˆS €\ºŽ„ €“€ƒ¹rˆ9T{Y9T;[N H q;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9 j ; E6UNBS[? U*º¢ÊŒ‡G†•»‘†º¦+Ž‚Ž€ƒ ˆ8y9 I 9YW E ; j 9T;[SVNn=N PEGH4UN F C EGI N FOEGHiI C 9 H6› ?E PQN F S EGH*º¢ÊŒ‡G†”Šr-,(.0/Y€\º"‚…¨†1+‰Ê2©Êº¡+D†º>¼F NB;$RyC NBS[?sA EGH =ONYP+L F ?› NB; HVE N H SC 9 F P@?QRG9>= EGH 9 ° L ^ EGH =ON j Ps9 H[I 9b;[NYP@9TS[?› ?H S[9 HBf œ H S E ?F ABP@LOW>N j C LPH 9T;[N H qWvNI 9 F N F SVN H =ON H L j NB; FOED› 9¨q¨N H S[9>P@P@?s= EGH =ON_;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 93¦4 e6575Ce8:96;=&@BACDA E 4 8?


¡ £¢¥¤ % §¦ £ uF©¨D #&% £ "£ £ ¢¡ ¨¢œšP ‚Ž¨„eºYº¦+D‚…†rD.r}y¹ E ;z9>=?@9>AB?YCOj LON H S E JtLNP@N H[¡ JtLON H ?@; › N F =N p P@9 F A EQ+D‚…€\º j ; ED› ?QN F Nx=ON¨P@9%?F SVNB;$9>ABAB?DC€ƒ}Šy3ÊŒ€ƒ}ytº"}y0.EGF =ON U;[N F 9>= E =N•PEGH NYPQNYAZSV; EGF N H 9>P ?F SVNB;$9>AZS[L9T;vA EGF NYP¨AB9 IKj+ENYAZSV;$?@A E =ONPEGH C 9TS EGIKEGH =ONYP I NY=?E qŽN H ;$NYPQN › 9 F SVNxŸ9 H S[9)PEGH|j+E A EGH AB?QN F S EGH =ONi^”N¦– f ¤ EGF AZ;[NBS[9 I N F SVN>qNYPzCH SVN I NYAB9 F ?H[IKE = EGI ?F 9=?@9>AB?YC EGF =?UL H 9P@9…Õ?@9 j+E ; =ON p 9 RVE =ON/PEGH ¢ §>§ ^”N¦– fNMM‡+D€ S €“„ +D€ƒ} Ê~}2ƒM‚…ºY€ A EGF\H ?H SVN‘N F Ps9 j ; E =LABAB?YC EGF =ON‘;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9 9 j 9T;[S[?@;•=ONP@9œšPNB; H ?YC EGF =ON UŒE S EGF N H =N p 9 R 9¨N F NB;[RC Q9 A EGF NYP@NYAZSV; EGF N H ;[NYP@9TS[?› ?H S[9 HBf œ H L F 9 ULN F SVN=ON6;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9=?HVj9>JtL:C;[S[9 F SVNX9 I LW9>PQS[9”N F NB;[RC Q9¨qrS[9 F S Eaj 9T;$9 E>p&R NBS EGHbj L F S[L\9>PQN H A EGIKEaj 9T;z9”P@9”N I ?H ?YC EGF =?UL H 9 f?IKj+E‚Ž†Š3ÊŒ†‡iʉˆ €ƒ} º¢Ê~}:‡‰‚Ž€ +D‚6ˆ €“} q¨9>L F JtLON j ;[NY= EGI ?F 9aN F Ps9{ EGF 9=ON•;$9>=\?E>U;$NYABLON F AB?@9¨qiN H ;[NYP@N › 9 F SVN8:9j 9T;$93N H S EGH NYPQNYAZSV; EGF N HBf8:9 € +D€-¨„ ÊŒº¢Ê‰ˆ=ONx;$9YW EGH A-C EGH[I ?@A EGH A EGF C 9TS EGIKEGH EGFI NY=?E ?F SVNB;[N H SVNYPs9T; f œšP j ; E =L\AZS E =ON1Ps9?F SVNB;$9>ABAB?DC EGF ?F ABP@LOW>N I N HVEGF N H ² JtLON H N1=N H ?F SVNBR>;$9 F=ONYPEGF 9>PQS[9 j ; E>p 9 p ?@P@?@=\9>=—N F = EGH_UE S EGF N HBf œ H SVN j ; E AZN HVE N H NYPmJMLONK= EGI ?F 9XP@9;$9>=?@9>AB?DC EGF =?UL H 9 j+E ;AL j NB; FOEŽ› 9 H =ON"S[?j+E A ” L¦MM W—N F PEGH AzŸ E ;[; EGH =N PEGH ] l)HBfHY7_\6*:`(“,%*|5[,…_‹.=\ *a`¤b%,I_cZ…`?d df`"!/!F AB?I 93=ON"PEGH ¢ §>§ ^”N¦– f 9 Ibp ? C N FcH N j ?@N FH 9PQN H A EGI1ENH SMC NYA F ?@AB9 H NZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S[9>PQN H =ON1P@9c9 H SV; EGFOEGI C Q9—RG9 IvI 9cN H SC 9 F P@?I ?QS[9>=\9 H%j+E ;/NYPšŸONYA$Ÿ E =ON1JtLN1PEGH8:9I1EGHVU C NB;$?sAB9 E f! 9T;$9%N F NB;[RC 9TS=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF N H:j ; E>p PQN I C 9TS[?sAB9 j+E ; › 9T;z?EGH:IKE S[?›>EGH ¥P@9S EGF N H 9Ps?Q{Y9>= EGḦ F ?“;[N ° N R 9>= EGH 3~9>=ON I C 9 H =ONYP j ; E>p P@N I 9b=N)P@9 E>j 9>AB?s=9>=UŒEQ9 H N F NYP‰;$9 F R En§#"£$¨ § ^”N¦–p 9 R 9 H NYABAB?YC EGF NBž\AB9T{ABAB?YC EGF =ON UŒE S EGF N H N F N H SVN ?F SVNB; › 9>PE qP@9 Ḧ p 9 R 9 H N F NB;[RC Q9 H =ON j+EGH ?@S[9>=9 H qPs9EGIKj PQN R 9 AB?F N I C 9TS[?@AB9eJtLONo=?Qž\ABL\PQS[9‘P@9;$NYA EGFH SV;$LABAB?DC EGF =ONYP H LAZN HVE W’PEGHvUŒEGF = EGH ^•N¦– PE AB9>P@N H1j+E ;Ps9ASVNB;$9>ABAB?DC EGF =ON)A-C EGH[I ?@A EGHYf Ò?F N Ibp 9T;[R E q¨NYPƒ?F SVNB;¨C N H =ON)PEGHšUN F C EGI N FEGH 9bN H S[9N F = E &%(' H q?FI 9T;$9>=9 HHVE P@9T;$N H—E Ps9 F LABPQN EGH C QF SVN H ?H =ONaNYPQN I N F S EGH—j N H 9>= EGH qŸ9–P@P@N › 9>= E 9–=ON H 9T;[; E P@P@9T;—A EGIKj PQN RVEGHPsP@9N F NB;[RC Q9 HI 9YW E ;$N H =ON § ^•N¦–;$9 F C NZÕ?QS E Ÿ9 H S[91P@9 UNYA$Ÿ9 3¤) ^ * œš8 µ Ž·q+ l( œ,&%n])8 µ - · E f=NBSVNYAZSEGF&Uj+EGH ?QSV;\C EGF 3Œž\RGLO;$9"£ f¿ E f œiPO9 j ; ED› NYAzŸ9 I ?QN F S E =NN H SVN j ; E AZN HVE"j+E =;\C 9 H NB; j+E ;m=NBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ONxSV;$9T{Y9 HNYP@NYAZSV;\CAB9>PE ;$?I NBSV;DC Q9¨qƒ=N j N F =?QN F = E =NYP|S[?j+E =ONAB?YC EGFKj ;z?F AB?j 9>Pt=ON PEGH =NBSVNYAZS E ;[N H =N¨;$9>=?@9>AB?YC EGF A-C EGH[I ?@AB9"RG9 I1I 9 =ON 9>PQS[9"N F NB;$RC Q9_N H P@9"JMLON8:9"ABP@9S[?F RGLN 9XPEGH%E>pƒH NB; › 9TS E ;$?EGH N F S[?QNB;[;$9X=ONAB?YC EGFwH N=9 I N F SVN9>P_;$9 F R E =ONaN F NB;[RC Q9 E>p\H NB; › 9>= E’j+E ;cAB9>=9–S[?j+E q¨9>L F JMLONa=ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H =ON j ;\C E Õ?I 99F NB;$9>AB?YC EGF A EGIKE ]_^a`“q._8:]"` E P@9 H 9>AZS[L9>P@?@{Y9>AB?EGF N H =ON ^w]/+ ¤ W ½ œ`` NYP@?I ?F 9T;\C 9 F N H S[9"=?H S[?F AB?YC EGF-fR>NF SVN H =Nn;[N j 9 H 9T;PEGH NZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S EGHšj 9 H 9>= EGH q j ;[N H N F SVN H W ULOS[L; EGH N F N H SVN"AB9 IKj+E qtA EGFt› ?@N F N H Ntu F 9>P@9T;xP@9 H]9;:=:?@ACB.:DE:FG:H/:D!I*J?=K7A<strong>02</strong>143517681EGF PEGHj ?EGF NB; EGH N FE>p\H NB; › 9T;xNYP“N HVj NYAZSV; E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?sA E N F P@9 p 9 F =9bRG9 I1I 9 f 8 EGHj ;$?I NB; EGHLLONB;QH S[?@AB9 H =ON AB9>=9vL F 93=ON/N H S[9 H = EGH AB9TSVNBR E ;DC Q9 H R>N F NB;z9>PQN HBfAB9T;z9>AZSVNB;DCj NB;$?I N F S EGH A EGFH ?H S[?QNB; EGF N F—j NYJtLONMu FEGHH 9TStC NYPs?QSVN H 9>LOSC EGFOEGI1EGH A EGF A-C 9 I 9T;$9 H =ON"AzŸ?HVj 9bWXA EGF S[9>= E ;[N H =ONNZ˜F S[?@A E ?F AB?@=ON F AB?@9 j 9T;$9 › NBS[9T;6PEGH:j 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 H AB9T;[RG9>=9 HYfNM LO;z9 F SVNP@9n=C NYAB9>=9)9>AZS[L9>Pq…NYP H ?H SVN I 9 j ;$?F AB?j 9>P>=ON99T;$9%Ps9 I NY=?@=9%=ONPs9nN F NB;$RC Q9 f 8:9_A EGF žRGLO;z9>AB?YC EGF =ON9>P@RGL FOEGH NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EGH N HVj 9>AB?@9>PQN Hrj 9 H 9>= EGH W ULOS[L; EGHjEGF =ONnSV;$9T{Y9 H Ÿ\9 j 9 H 9>= E 9 H NB;xL F =ONBSVNYAZS E ; =N%N H S[9>= EPE ;DC QI NBSV; E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@A E=NBSVNYABAB?YCH N I LON H SV;$9KN F P@93ž\RGLO;$91£ f fH AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;ŽC QH S[?@AB9 H)I C 9 H ;[NYP@N › 9 F SVN HnH N ;[N H L I N F A EGI1EvH ?QRGLON>¥8:9*†£€ ºYt‚F2O†Šr€CP¥QRTS‹.UWVXQRZY—.U 3~P@9wP@P@9 I 9>=9 “ 9N[]\m9^\L$96MC9 L[ Lƒ@`_ba†ƒ}:¹ƒ€ Šy ¨}yt‚…¹rˆ=ONc 9;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9 E f œiP\PC QI ?QSVN H L j NB;z?E ; › ?QN F N I 9T;$AB9>= E3j+E ;iP@9 N H S[9>=|C QH S[?sAB9b9>ABL I LP@9>=\9/W1NYP“?FOUNB;$?E ;PEGHj 9T;[NYAZNP|=?H[I ?F L\?Q;iP@9 j ;[NY= EGI ?F 9 F AB?@9AB?DC EGF =ON j 9T;$N HBf9


¿ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢¡+ ‚ŽM†MM‡+‰Ê2O†8P R-¼ R-,#V.o„0/ f ˆ3 R-¼ R£.54T¼ œ H SVN j 9T;\COO) ˆ 9 Ibp ? CM L;$9 F SVNAB?@9 H 9"P@9_NZ˜¨SVN FH ?DCˆQ P@9 H AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;DCSeccion eficaz <strong>de</strong> interaccion(<strong>un</strong>ida<strong>de</strong>s arbitrarias)1v£¢&yXzXz[}m† ‚¦| y¥¤ zX{§¦?‡Ty©¨ {}¦{m{¡‡ˆ{&‡ˆ‚zTy~[‚ƒ~…„Fy?}N|y[‡ˆ{ŠzXz[}m† ‚¦| „Šy…‡ˆ{F„¦} {Šz[}m† ‚¦| € {y[‡ } {m{¡‡ˆ{P‡ˆ{¦‰Š‚¦~i¤jklonprq0s¡‰ ‡ˆ{¡‰Š‚ƒ~ ‘¢ yŒ~[y {'{X{¦‡TzT{F„Š‚¦~ ‚¦‡!ƒ{¡‡ } ‚ƒ~?‚~[y‡"¦{# ‚¦‡ } ‚¦~ {ƒ~[{Š„F‚ƒ~%$0‡Ty ~[y[|& y ~ ‰('%)*¡)‡ˆ‚ƒ~[‘{¦|{¡€[}† y|¨ ‚ƒ~Œ‡T{¦|‹‚ƒ~:„Šy?y[|0y[‡‹ †|0{¨€ƒ} †\}:¹.yŒ†‚ P21;[N"JtLN"N FcE SV;$9 H ;$9 I 9 H =ON/P@9K9 H SV; E>U C QH ?@AB9 f 8:9 j ;$NYAB?H ?YC EGF =ON/PEGH =NBSVNYAZS E ;[N H =N"N H S[9>= EvH C E Ps?@= E Ÿ9j+E>pMºY€“D.y‡iʉˆI NBSV; E Ÿ9 I N RVE ;$9>= EwI LAzŸ E 9 j N H 9T;b=ON H NB; I C 9 H9€ƒ}e¨}:M‚Ž¹)ˆ+'ʇ‰†8P 3H ?@= E =NBSVNB; I ?F 9 F SVN"N F N H S[9 I N R E ;z9 fS †\„^6€ 2©ÊŒºŠ.y†\ P 398MºY€“D.y‡iʉˆ,76¼ œ H S E RG9T;$9 F S[?Q{Y9/L F 9 p LON F 9_AB9>P@?@=9>=3N F PEGH N HVj NYAZSV; EGHšI NY=\?@= EGHBfJMLON H L j+EGF N—SVN F NB;vL F 9a9 IKj P@?@9 › ?H ?YC EGF =ON•Ps9aN HVUNB;z9AZNYPQN H SVN•N F AB9>=9ºY‚†‡iÊ~‚ŽM‡N:†;‰€ Šy¨1 €ƒ}yŠy€ Šy ‡¨ˆEGFN F S EOf œ H S E N H N HVj NYAB?@9>PI N F SVN—?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVN j 9T;$9oP@9 E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF =ON UN F C EGI N FOEGH SV;$9 FH ?@S E ;$?EGHIKEGIA EGIKE PEGH(: 96@LA =ON"RG9>P@9…Õ?@9 H 9>AZS[?› 9 H E PEGH N H S[9>P@Ps?@= EGH =ON";$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9 f€\ºD„ ÊŒ‡G€\º’‡G†\‚Ž¹ƒ†Šy€ƒº R>;$9>AB?@9 H 9 P@9 j+EGH ?p ?@Ps?@=9>==ONw=ONBSVNYABAB?DC=?Q;[NYAZS[9K=N PEGH I ?H[IKEGHBfF N H ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVNx=ON H S[9>AB9T; E SV;$9 H A EGFH ?@=NB;$9>AB?EGF N HyULNB;$9n=ONYPiC 9 I p ?QS E =ONYP‰;[N F =?I ?QN F S E AB?QN F SYC Qž\A EN<strong>02</strong>14351¥AB?@9>PQN HnE P@9KAB9 H ?y?IKj+EGH ?p ?sP@?@=9>=K=ON/Ÿ\9>AZNB;n;[N j 9T;z9>AB?EGF N H N F C E ; p ?QS[9 fAW?> §vH NEGH A EGF AZN j S EGH)j 9T;z91P@9v=NBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =N ;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9FOEGH=…§F NB;[RC Q9o=ON H =ON—S[?QNB;[;z9 f œ F Ps9 j ;ƒC E ˜¨?I 9 H NYABAB?DC EGF’H Nc=9T;\C 9 F 9>PQRGL FOEGH =ONBS[9>PsPQN H3HVE>p ;[NcPEGH3H ?H SVN I 9 H=N9>PQS[9aNH 9T;[; E P@Ps9>= EGH W HVE>p ;$N_A-C EGI1E PEGH P@P@9 I 9>= EGH SVNYP@N H A E>j ?EGH ¤ ŸONB;[N FA@>EŽ›H N"Ÿ9 F A EGFt› NB;[S[?@= E N F P@9 E>j AB?DC EGFI C 9 H=NSVNB;[N H 9 F SVN"Ÿ9 H S[9PQS[9 HYf ½ N_9>JtL|C?FS[?@AB9 H =ON)N H S EGH C LPQS[?IKEGH ¥QH*†€ ºYt‚F2O†Šr€CP]Q]REY—.UWV2O†‚#Ê€ƒºCB Uc 93~P@9%P@P@9 I 9>=\9 “ 9>[]\m9 \L 57>&; 96M C97L[ Lƒ@`_ba†ƒ}:¹ƒ€ŠrABL U;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9 E f œiP|PC QI ?QSVN H L j NB;$?E ; › ?QN F N I 9T;$AB9>= E q+L F 9 › NB{ I C 9 H q j“E ;)P@9KN H S[9>=:C=ONbPEGHI L\P@9>=9 f œ F ABL9 F S E 9>P+?FOUNB;$?E ;DqGN IKj ?QNB{Y9 F 939 j 9T;[NYAZNB; ?I1j“E ;$S[9 F SVN Hij ; E>p P@N I 9 H =N UŒEGF = E 9 I N FOEGH§>§ _N¦–bq“9 I NY=?@=93JMLON =?H[I ?F LOW>N_P@9K?F SVN FH ?@=9>=—=ONbP@9 H NMu F 9>P ¤ ŸNB;[N FA@>ED›“f=ON1¢EGF P@9TSVNB;$9>P=NnP@9"AB9 H AB9>=9¨qtN H4j+EGH ?p P@Ni;[NYA E R>NB;¤ ŸONB;[N FA@>EŽ› =ON ;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 91JMLON P@P@NBRG9 F 91P@9K9TS I C EGHVUNB;$9 H[E>p ;[N L F C 9T;$NY9 I LWXNZ˜¨SVN FH 9 fP@9KP@LO{


q&s¡ 0v£¢ ~¥¤ )y€'{-„Fy7„Šy yXz ‚¡‡ˆy ~Py[| y ¨ y~¥{Šz[} ‚§¦{ 0‡T‚¥¨F}N€ {F„Š{¡€ y[|& y={-y~[zT{¨ {©Š‘¢ | |&yD‹Š‡ˆ‚=~yP€ )y ~"D‡ˆ{¦| ¨ ‚ƒ~¡ £¢¥¤ % §¦ £ uF©¨D #&% £ "£ £¢¡ i¤jklonp¨ y~ „Fy'„Šy yXz ‚¡‡¨„Šy ‡ˆ{§¦{ƒ~¦y ö| † )€ y[‡ˆ‚7„Šÿ |"}ƒy ¨ y~…|0‚7y~¨y ö‡ˆyX{¨ ©Š‘¢ |$‡ˆ‚[‚ $(¨ ‚ƒ~…~ }~% y[€ {¦~¨zX{#¨ ‚¡‡ }N€ † y ‡ } zX‚¦~ {¦‡ˆ{|"}ƒy¨ {€'yX„¦} „Š{ „Fy ¨ { y[|0y[‡‹ †‚# y ~[y7¨ {${#)* {Š‘£¢ | {§¦ )*¨ $¨ ‚¦~'~ }~% y[€ {¦~!„Šy=„¦}~¡{¦‡ˆ‚$„Fy ~")zXy~‚¦~ ‰ „Šy={¡|&D} zX‚¦}N|0z[} „Šy[|0z[} {Š‘£ †{7„Šy y~"y † )*¨ D}N€ ‚7y[|$y äzT{¦~[‚=„Šy w ¢¦y¨F}~" y y[‡ˆ‚!|0‚m{¡‡ˆ{ ƒy {¦‡¨y ¨ ‡ } ‹‹Fy[‡©Š‘o‚ƒ~ ‚~y[‡"¦{# ‚¦‡ } ‚ƒ~£ ¢ ‰~[y[|0z[}¢!Vy~"{ T{¡| zX‚¦|m~"D}¥)} „F‚ƒ~ m‚¡‡ ¦{¦‡ } ‚¦~ ¨ {¦|&‚ƒ~'„ŠyPz † {¦€'{¦‡T{ƒ~ „FyPz"6}~¡{ $(€…} y[|&D‡ˆ{¦~#¤ )y¨ ‚ƒ~'„Šy$¢w ¢$‰%&'¢!~[‚¡| „Šy yTz ‚¦‡ˆy~I„Šy?~X}¨ } z} ‚F‘


- ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢¡MºY€“D.y‡¡ ‰ˆ €ƒ}£†ƒ}:¹.yŒ†‚ P 1 3 R-¼ .4…¼OO MºY€“D.y‡¡ ‰ˆ €\º Œ} Œ‡¡ Œ€\ºOJLOS[?@P 3 3€ƒ}£¨}yt‚…¹)ˆ"+¢ Œ‡G†8P 38 R 6¼S †\„^6€ 2£ ºF.:†\ P 3. R ®¥¤ ºY‚ f œ F N H SVN H N F S[?@= E P@9 H =?Qž\ABLP@S[9>=ON H =ONAZNB; I LON H SV;[N EGH R>N F NB;$9>PQN H%EM‡N:†;‰€Šy¨4 €ƒ}yŠy€aŠrc‡xˆC L H JMLONY=9 H =N UN F C EGI N FOEGH SV;$9 F\H ?QS E ;$?EGḦ H[EGF•I 9YW E ;$N H qƒ=9>= E NYP j NYJtLONMu FE AB9 IKj+EK› ?H L9>Pfp€\ºD„¦ Œ‡G€\º3‡G†\‚Ž¹ƒ†Šy€ƒº3‡G€ƒ„^rŒƒ/Y€:¼ `MN)=?H AZ;$?I ?F 9_NYP UEGF = E =N j ; E S EGF N HH 9 F = E P@9 H%› 9T;z?@9 p PQN H 9>=ONYABL9>=9 H"HVE>p ;[NbP@9 UE ; I 9X=NbP@9?I 9TR>N F =ONbPs9XAB9 H AB9>=\9 f 8y9XLS[?@P@?Q{Y9>AB?YC EGF =ONLFcH ?H SVN I 91=ON/=ONBSVNYAZS E ;$N H N FcE>pƒH NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF N H SVNB;[N EGH A-C E>j ?@AB9 I N R E ;$9vP@9 H N j 9T;$9>AB?DC EGF-fL§©¨2I:B.K :F A D :^J8D§B A F A£ JCJ<strong>02</strong>143514351Hj ;$?I NB;$9 H4E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?EGF N H AB?@N F SYC QžƒAB9 H S[L › ?QNB; EGF P@LORG9T; j+E ; j 9T;$SVN%=ONYP j NYJtLONMu FEbH 9TSMC NYP@?QSVN ) ` ) U + + + µ£Ž·8:9A EGF ž; I 9T;DCH SVNwC LPQS[?IKE =ONBSVNYAZSC E S[9 Ibp ? C N F P@9 HmH NMu F 9>PQN H =ON¨P@9 H SV;[N HmULON F SVN Hmj L F S[L\9>PQN H j NB; I 9 F N F SVN H[¡œF ¢ d>¦ = A EGF NYP“JtLON H N_=ON H ABL p ;$?YC E Ps9/N I ?H ?YC EGF =NYP j Ps9 FOE RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?sA EOf# rEGH SVNB;z?E ; I N F SVNb`¨]"` U ¿ µ¦ ·+N F ¢ d = ¿3PENQ9 µ = ·f CEGH =ON_P@9PYC 9>AZS[?@AB9 µd ·f œ F ¢ d = £Mq\NYP H 9TStC=NBS[9>P@P@9>=µ¢ § · j ; E =L RVE q‰SV;$9 Ḧ H L HC 9 H ?F SVN FH 9 H ¥ƒPEGH%j C LPH 9T;[N H =NYP ¤ 9 F R>;[N R E q–4NYP@9 µ >Ž·mW )N I ?F RG9 f 9 I p ?zC N FoH N E>p S[L › ?QNB; EGF N H S[L\=?EGHnI C 9 HINYPs?QSVN ¤ ) ` U '?QNBSVN19\u FOEGH =ON E>j NB;$9>AB?DC EGF q+NYP j ;$?I NB; I 9 j 9cAZNYPQN H SVNv=ON1Ps9 p 9 F =9—=ON19>PQS[9—N F NB;$RC Q9c=ONYPmN HVj NYAZSV; E RG9 I1I 9¨qHH S[9 3 ¢)N¦– fCM N H S[9>AB9•N F SV;[N H L H ;$N H LPQS[9>= EGH Ps9=NBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ON1¿>£ ULON F SVN H_j L F S[L\9>PQN H)j“E ;"N F AB?I 9—=ONŸ\9PEGH §>§ ^”N¦–ŒM‚Ž‚…†a»¾Œ€\º y‚ ~„ M‚Ž€ƒº7+D¨MºY‡G€] Œ€ƒº S yt‚…¨}£ƒ€"2"+DM‡+D€ƒ‚ŽMº1¨}’+¢EGH C NZÕ?QS EGH =ON H =N)NYP+N H[j 9>AB?E N HVj+E PQNY9T; EGF NYP-=N H 9T;[; E P@PE =ON"P@93?F\H SV;$L I N F S[9>AB?YC EGF WvSMC NYA F ?sAB9 H =ON/9 F C 9>Ps?H ?H8ABP@LW>N F = E AB?F A E A EGF A EGF SV;$9 j 9T;[S[?@=9 H N F”E SV;$9 H p 9 F =9 H =ON"N F NB;$RC Q9 fµ¢>¢Z·:?FQI NBSV; Ewj LON H S E JtLNvNYPi;$9YW E RG9 I1I 9a?F AB?@=ON F SVNv=ON H 9T;[; E P@P@9•L F 9”AB9 H AB9>=9oNYPQNYAZSV; E6U9T;$9_P@9_=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ON H =ONxS[?QNB;[;$9¨qTN F P@9 p 9 F =\9)=N I LOWPQS[9)N F NB;[RC Q9 f 8y9)?s=ONY9)N H P@9)LOS[?@P@?Q{Y9>AB?DC EGF =NxPs9 j ; E>j ?@9jI C EGHVUNB;z9wA EGIKE AB9>PE ;ŽC 9TSSC EGF ¥MNYP „ .yMº¦+D‚…t€oŠy•Œ†º y†\‚Š+MˆUŒER>N F NB;z9>=99TR F C NBS[?@AB9/=ON¨R>;$9 F NZ˜¨SVN FH ?DC EGF-f `MN Ÿ9 F LOS[?@Ps?Q{Y9>= E = EGH4j ; E AZNY=?I ?@N F S EGHrj 9T;$9_?FUNB;$?@;rP@9 H AB9T;z9>AZSVNB;DC QH S[?@AB9 H =ONYPI*‡.rŒ†º =ON%Ps9 AB9 H AB9>=9= EGH-j+E ; I 9TSV;$?sAZN H¤=NAZN F SVNYP@P@9>= E ; f œ H NYP¨AB9 HVE q j+E ;yN R N IKj PE q…=ONxPEGH =ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H ?p NBS µ¢Y¿…·OW ¤ ]"`¨] U ^ + ] µ¢¡ T·¨N F SV;$N E SV; EGHYf 8y9FH ?DC EGF =ON/N H S[9 H%I 9TSV;$?@AZN H%I C 9 H EXI N FOEGH ;[NBRGL\P@9T;[N H 9>PsAB9 F {Y91=ONYAZN F 9 H =ON I ?sPQN H =ON I NBSV; EGH ABL9>=O;z9>= EGH qNZ˜¨SVN9T;$9w9 j ; ED› NYAzŸ9T;v9>P I C 9…Õ?IKE NYP U;[N F SVNc=ONPs9wAB9 H AB9>=\9 f 8:9a9>PQS[LO;$9 HVE>p ;$NXNYP F ?› NYP=ONYP I 9T;3N H S[9 I p ?zC N Fj;[S[9 F SVN j 9T;$9AB9 j S[9T;"NYP U;$N F SVNK=LO;z9 F SVN H L I C 9…˜¨?I 9vNZ˜¨SVN FH ?DC EGF-f œiPmPC QI ?QSVNb?FOUNB;$?E ;%=NbN F NB;$RC Q9 H LONYPQN?IKj+EN H S[9T;"N F Ps9 Hnj+E AB9 H =NYAZN F 9 H =ON N¦–H_j“E ;)NYP@PE JtLN H C E PE P@9=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF‘I 9T;[RG?F 9>Pr=ON3P@9 F N p LPEGH 9X=ONYPW”N9 F R>;[N RVEoµ¢ - qm¢Y£Ž·mŸ\9YWG9XSVN F ?@= E C NZÕ?QS EOf ´ FoH ?H SVN I 9v9>PQSVNB; F 9TS[?›>E Ÿ\9 H ?@= E 9>= E>j S[9>= Ej+E ;)^ + 8y]&% ) µ¢ ¦ ·¤AB9 H AB9>=9¨q:JMLONKN H ;[NYA E RG?@=9 j+E ; UŒE S EGI L\PQS[?j P@?sAB9>= E ;[N H N F NYP6?F SVNB;$?E ;"=ONKP@9 j ?H AB?F 9 f ] j N H 9T;/=ONKR E {Y9T;=?@9>AB?YC EGF ¤ ŸONB;[N FA@>EŽ› =ON1P@9 H/j 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H =NvP@9NWNYP U9>AZS E ;%=ON ;[NYA$Ÿ9T{ EHVEGFcj+E>p ;[N HYfF 9_R>;$9 F 9>AZN j S[9 F AB?@9/9 F RGLPs9T;6WABAB?YC EGF =ON¨S[?QN IKj+E CLE q‰P@9_;[N H[E P@LAB?YC EGF 9 F RGL\P@9T; dT§šhI LON H SV;[N E =ONYP U;[N F SVNc=ON EGF =9w=NP@9wP@LO{ ¤ ŸONB;[N F@>ED› N I ?@S[?@=9 j+E ;3P@9oAB9 H AB9>=9oN F P@9w9TS I C EGHVUNB;z9¨qœšPF AB9 Ibp ?E q4Ÿ9a=ON I1EGH SV;$9>= E‘H NB; I LA$Ÿ EaI C 9 H3U;$L\AZSYC QUNB;z9 f œ H S[9aStC NYA F ?@AB9‘Ÿ9aPE R>;$9>= E Ps9o=NBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ONcP@9NN p LPEGH 9%=ONYP ¤ 9 F R>;[N RVE W j“EGF NB;rPC QI ?QSVN H:H L j NB;$?E ;[N H 9)Ps9 N I ?H ?YC EGF =N E SV;$9 HrULON F SVN H 3½ œ,&%n] U]+ % ) ' + ¤n¤F= ·q2&%]%])8 µ¢>T·q4` ] ¤ œšœ µ¢ d ·q ¤ œš8yœ` œ µ¿ § · E f 8:9”StC NYA F ?@AB9a=ON UŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGF =ON?I C 9TR>N F N H A EGF PEGHµ¢PsP@9 I 9>= EGH CuLƒM LA H J A \L JD5=9 _"L[@ 9 \6J 9 H Ja [ ” Lƒ@L["! K 9C5 A$#ba L¦@BJ H 9\L3 + ] ¤ H E q“Ÿ91;[N ›>E PsLAB?EGF 9>= E NYPj 9 FOE ;$9 I 9=ONj ?E ¤ ŸNB;[N FA@>ED› =ONUE S EGI LPQS[?j P@?@AB9>= E ;[N HYf 8y9?I 9TR>N F’E>p SVN F ?@=9oN F P@9‘A-C 9 I 9T;$99 j 9T;[S[?@;1=ON•P@9‘P@LO{c=ON•=\?H S[?F S EGH3j L F S EGH=N; I 9>AB?DC EGF =ONn?I 9TR>N F-f `MN%LOS[?@P@?Q{Y9 F3› 9T;$?EGH N HVj N R EGHšj 9T;$9/A EGF AZN F SV;$9T;xP@9/PsLO{ ¤ ŸONB;[N F@>ED›1HVE>p ;$NnL F 9"A-C 9 I 9T;z9UŒE


¡ £¢¥¤ % §¦ £ uF©¨D #&% £ "£ £ ¢¡ >£NBS[?@AB9 H =N 3F S E ; FOE 9 1 3¢ §>§ )N¦– j 9T;$9KPEGH =ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H 9>AZS[L9>PQN HBfL93Ny ¨ y ~[zX‚ &} ‚ƒ~[‘ EGH%j ;$?I NB; EGH ;[N H LPQS[9>= EGH j+EGH ?QS[?›>EGH =ON/N H S[9XStC NYA F ?@AB9A EGI N F {Y9T; EGF 9 › NB; H Nb9 I NY=?@9>= EGH =NbP@91=C NYAB9>=\98> § qƒABL9 F = E NYP+SVNYPQN H A E>j ?EL F 9 H ?QR F ?Qž\AB9 F AB?@9v=ON1£ "g¦=N/PEGH¤ &% ) 3 5 C [ 4 96575=98?96; “ A¦L¦@BK69C @;&E µ¿>£…·f œ F SV;[N H L H ABL9TSV; E ?FH SV;$L I N F S EGHxj ;$?F AB?j 9>PQN H qMžRGL UH AB9>=9 j ; E>j+E ;$AB?EGF 9X?FOUŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGF 9>AZNB;$AB9c=ON H La=?Q;[NYABAB?DC EGF =ON3?F AB?s=ON F AB?@9KW”N F NB;[RC Q9¨q-9>P@AB9 F {Y9 F = E=N= E1j 9T;$9vNYP:N H S[L\=?E =ON UE S EGF N H;z9N F SV;[N%¿ § ^•N¦–W § _N¦– f 8 EGH ;$N H LPQS[9>= EGH ;[NYA E RG?@= EGH =LO;$9 F SVN PEGH AB9 H ?:¢ § 9ƒu=ON E>j NB;$9>AB?DC EGF A EGFH S[?QS[LW>N F FEGHN F SVN1P@9v;$N UNB;[N F AB?@9—=ONbR>;z9 Faj 9T;[SVNK=ON3P@9—9 H SV; EGFOEGI C Q9vRG9 I1I 9c=ONP@S[9XW I LW”9>PQS[9N F NB;[RC Q9 f 8 EGH9>AZS[L\9>PI


¦ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢¡3§#" = £ $ § ^”N¦–bq ¤ ) ^ œi8 E q¨N F ;z9YW EGH?• =L; EGH 3 ) ``¨œ E WXN F NYP-N H S[L=?E =ON &%' H 3 '] `¨œ E f+ =N F S[?QžƒAB9>AB?YCº¦+Ž†Šy€ †‡+F.y†\i» y‚šˆ €¡ £ ~„e€\º1¢ C6M‚ ~„eM}+Ž€\ºE SV; EGH SV;[N H =ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H =ON ¤ ¥% )N•N HVj NYAB?@9>Ps?Q{Y9 p 9 F N F P@9 p 9 F =9 =ONc;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9=ON p 9 R 9‘N F NB;$RC Q9HFOE =ON/œ ¥%nœ œšP-=?H NtuN j ;[N H N F S[9KN F Ps93žRGLO;$91£ f£ f 8y91=?Q;$NYABAB?YC EGF =ONYP+;$9DW E RG9 I1I 9 H N =ONBSVNB; I ?F 939H9T;[S[?Q;n=ONYP j 9T; NYPQNYAZSV;\C EGF Uj“EGH ?QSV;\C EGF A EGFt› NB;[S[?@= E N F NYP|?F SVNB;$?E ;n=ON P@9vA-C 9 I 9T;$9v=N/A$Ÿ?H[j 9 H qN F 9>PQRGL F 9K=ONbP@9 HjP@9>AB9 H =ONbA EGF‰› NB; H ?YC EGF N F SV;[NbPs9 H I ?H[I 9 HBf 8:91N F NB;[RC Q9KN H ;[NYA EGFH SV;zL?@=9 I NY=\?@9 F SVN NYP:AB9>PE ;DC QI NBSV; E =ON l 9N+ fj´ FKH ?H SVN I 9_=ON¨AZN F SVNYP@Ps9>= E ;[N H4j ; ED› NBN¨NYPO=?H[j 9T; E =ON P@9)S EGI 9"=ON¨=9TS EGH WbNYPOA EGF S[9>= E ;i=ON¨9 F S[?@A E ?F AB?@=N F AB?@9 H?F 9bNYP UŒEGF = E =ON j 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H AB9T;$RG9>=9 HBfNYPs?Iq&v ¢ ~¥¤ )y€'{'‰ '‚‚T‹¡‡T{ '† {7„Šy ¨„Fy© yXz© ‚¦‡ ¢ ¢$! { X‚¦‡ˆ„F‚!„Fy©¨ ŽD¨§ˆ‘i¤jklonprq0sEGH ;[N H LPQS[9>= EGH I C 9 H ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVN H H N/;$N H L I N F N F PEGH H ?QRGL?@N F SVN Ḧ j L F S EGH ¥8EGF ž; I 9>AB?YC EGF =ON/P@9 F 9TS[LO;$9>PQNB{Y9KRG9>PDC 9>AZS[?@AB9v=ON/PEGH ;$9YW EGH A-C EGH[I ?@A EGHPE R E =ON I C 9 H =N ¿>£ §KULN F SVN Hnj L F S[L9>PQN H q I LA$Ÿ9 H 9iC L F•FOE AB9T;z9>AZSVNB;$?Q{Y9>=9 H3µ¿ = ·f¤9T{Y9T;[N H A EGI1EvULON F SVN H NZ˜MSV;$9TRG9>PDC 9>AZS[?@AB9 HKµ¿*>…·f'xPYC=NXN I ?H ?YC EGFj LPH 9>=9”RG9 I1I 9 j+E ; j ;$?I NB;$9 › NB{—=NL Fej C LPH 9T; H ?sPQN F AB?EGHVE N F ;z9>=?EEGFµ¿ d ·fE Ps91=ONYP+N HVj NYAZSV; E N F NB;[RyC NBS[?@A E =N › 9T;$?EGH &%' HPYC 9>AZS[?@A E W—NZ˜¨SV;$9TRG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A Eaµ ¨¢>qo >¿…·f^•NY=\?@=9F P@9NYABAB?YC EGF =NYP-AB?QNYPE A EGF NYP-A EGFR L F S E =ON ULON F SVN H JMLON"A EGFH S[?QS[LW>N Fœ9>PE R E =ON/œ,&%nœ "f NYP|SVNB;$AZNB;%AB9TSCœ F SV;[NšPEGH SVNYPQN H A E>j ?EGH ¤ ŸONB;[N F@>ED›_j LONY=ON F =ON H S[9>AB9T; H Nx= EGH-E>pƒH NB; › 9TS E ;$?EGH N F AB9>=9nŸN I ?HVUNB;$?E ¥D^w]/+ ¤ T·WP–_œ % + ]_` µ - · 3FOE ;[SVN E¤£ ½ œ`` µ >£…·W ¤ ] l "](% )) U +©+ + µ ¦ · 3H L; E f :E = EGH NYP@PEGH N H SC 9 FKj L p P@?@AB9 F = EµL H|j ;z?I NB; EGH ;$N H LPQS[9>= EGH W"N H SC 9 F N F j ; E AZN HVE =Ni9 IKj Ps?@9>AB?YC EGF_j 9T;$9 I N RVE ;$9T; H L H ABL9>P@?s=9>=ON H =ON H N FH ?p ?@P@?@=\9>=HIbp ;$9>P+N F NB;$RyC NBS[?sA EOf W—LF ABL9 F S E 9/PEGH6j ;\C E ˜¨?IKEGH =ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H N F NYP\N HVj 9>AB?E qtPEGH JMLONnABL p ;$?Q;\C 9 F NYPO;z9 F R E =ON%PEGH ;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9œF NB;$RC Q9 H NB;\C 9 F NYP E>p\H NB; › 9TS E ;$?E _8y]_` µ = ·qmNYP H 9TSMC NYP@?QSVN•?@S[9>P@?@9 FOE ]/+ 8yœ µ *>T·xWe]_^a`“qrA EGI1E=N9>PQS[9oN9T;[SVN =ON H L E>j NB;$9>AB?DC EGF =ON I NY=?s=9K=ON";$9DW EGH A-C EGH[I ?sA EGHBfj


¡ £¢¥¤ % §¦ £ uF©¨D #&% £ "£ £ ¢¡ =8:œ qyA EGFH ?H SVNKN F L Faj NYJtLONMu ]/+§ )N¦– f ?QN F NL F 9wN H SV;$LAZS[LO;$9 H ?I ?@P@9T;39 CUM N H S[9>AB9 H LK9 IKj P@?E AB9 IKj+E"› ?H L9>Pq…L F C^”]&+ ¤ fq&s¡ v£¢?}~"D‡ } ©)z[}m† ‚¦|7y|!zX‚‚¦‡ˆ„Fy|&{Š„F{ƒ~ ‹{#¨Š† {Fz©D} zX{ƒ~Œ„Šy ¨ {¦~A'%)y[|& y~ }N|&z©¨ )} „F{ƒ~Œy[|!y ¨ y[‡ˆzXy[‡(zX{0† {¨ ‚ˆ‹‚I„Fy¢ ¢!‘i¤jklonp¢¨y ŽD §T‘FE ?FH SV;$L I N F S EcH ?I ?@P@9T;)N F‘j ;[N H S[9>AB?EGF N H 9cœ ¥%nœ q-W j ;$NBSVN F =ONp ;$?@; NYPxP@9 j\HVE SVN IKj+E ;$9>PxŸ9 H S[9aP@9 j LON H S[9”N F–I 9T;$AzŸ9a=ON _8:]"` qrN F NYPi;z9 F R E =ONXN F NB;[RC Q9 §ABL^•N¦–N H SVN>qšA EGF L F =ONBSVNYAZS E ;=ON H ?@P@?sAB?EwH NBRGL\?@= E =ONF AB9>PE ;DC QI NBSV; E WaL F‘H ?H SVN I 9=N › NBS EOf ])=ON I C 9 H =?HVj+EGF NAB?@=9>==N I NY=?@=9—=ONK;$9DW EGH •P@9>= EGH A EGF A EGFt› NB;[S[?@= E ;[N H =ON—S[L F R H SVN FOE E W–L F;DC QI NBSV; E =ON ¤ H + f ÒL•AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;DC QH S[?@AB9 I C 9 H =ON H S[9>AB9 p P@N N H L F ?F AZ;[N I N F S EvFE S[9 p PQN"S[9 F S E N F 9-C ;$NY9AB9>PEUNYAZS[?› 9XA EGIKE N F ;$N HVE P@LAB?YC EGF ;[N HVj NYAZS E 91œ,&%nœ q\JMLON j NB; I ?QS[?Q;ƒC 9 I N R E ;$9T; H L H N F\H ?p ?@Ps?@=9>=1N F L FNU9>AZS E ;"¿ §¨fF P@9 H S[9 p Ps9 H £ f¢iW £ f¿ H Nš;$N H L I N F P@9 H AB9T;z9>AZSVNB;DC QH S[?@AB9 H =N › 9T;$?EGH =ONiPEGH NZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S EGHyI C 9 H ;[NYPQN › 9 F SVN Hœj 9 H 9>= EGH W ULOS[LO; EGHBfF P@9K9>AZS[L\9>P@?@=9>=-q¨N F SV;[N P@9 H ABLON H S[?EGF N H%I C 9 H HVE>p ;[N H 9>P@?QN F SVN H N F N H SVN AB9 IKj+E q\=ON H S[9>AB9 Fµ d ·¥œE =ON F L I NB; EGH 9 HxULON F SVN Ḧ F LON › 9 H N F NYP j P@9 FOE _9>PYC 9>AZS[?sA EKj“E ; PEGH SVNYP@N H A E>j ?EGH =ON ½ œ``XWœšP+Ÿ9>P@Ps9T{BREGH N H S[L=?EGH =ONBS[9>P@P@9>= EGH =ON ULON F SVN H _9>PYC 9>AZS[?sAB9 H q“?F ABP@LOW>N F = E L F 9KN F NYP:AZN F SV; E =ON/P@9W_9>P@9…Õ?@9 j+E ;8j 9T;[SVN =N ½ œx``XW•^”]/+ ¤ fœšP|=N H ABL p ;$?I ?QN F S E =ON -XF LON ›>EGH ] l)H j+E ; j 9T;[SVN/=N ½ œx``XW E SV; E1j+E ; j 9T;[SVN/=Nb^”]&+ ¤ fEGF•j+E ; › NB{ j ;$?I NB;$93=ON"N I ?H ?YC EGF =?UL H 9b9 I LOW—9>PQS[9KN F NB;$RC Q9¨q j+E ; j 9T;[SVN/=ON; EOf8:91=NBSVNYABAB?YC


*> ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢¡]n;[NY91N UNYAZS[?› 9 j ?@A E 3~A I ¯ E £¦¥¢ § D ¢ § E ¢ § EC)N¦– E =…§ ¢ §>§ ¢ §>§¬¨§©Œ3N HVE PsLAB?YC %N HVE PsLAB?YC¤ 9%?H L9>P - 4 £ 4 4IKj+E3›CF SVNB; › 9>PE N F NB;[RrC+3 )N¦– E §¨f§ U § §¨f§ U §>§ ¿ U ¢ §>§>§ ¢ U §>§3 ¢ § )N¦–UL F =?@=9>= fN:¥ J8F :]F :D : D$# I:B.F A%J'& J8?#:H :B.J?=K¥ A F :£B J¢& A D ? A DTK7?#A D"Q 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>= EGH N I ?QS[?Q;DCp¢¡¤£ p q&sut"v !"{ ¨ { zX‚¦€ m{¡‡ˆ{#D}ƒ{ „Šy…{#¨ ‹)|0‚¦~I„Šy¨ ‚ƒ~Iy¨©y‡ }N€'y[|& ‚ƒ~?„Šy y ¨ y~zX‚%0} ‚ƒ~ '"y‡ˆy[| ¢F‚#'y[| '%)|0z[} ‚¦|&{¦€¨} y|‚F‘œ6˜ j NB;$?I N F S E ^”]&+ ¤ ½ œ`` ¤ ] l _]/% ) ) U + + +EGF 9 F RGL\P@9T; §#"¢ 4 §#"¢ 4 §#"¢ 4N F NB;[RrC NBS[?@AB9 ¢Y£ h ¢Y£ h ¢Y£ hEGFFH ?p ?@P@?@=9>=X?F SVNBR>;$9>=93~A`MN®\¯ H ®-±Bq ¢ §>§ )N¦–bq“£ § Ÿ E ¥¢ § ®-±V± ¢ § ®-±V± ¢ § ®-±V±Ip¡¤£ prq&s¡ v!"{ ¨ { zT‚¡€ {¦‡T{#D}ƒ{ „Šÿ {#¨ ‹)|0‚¦~…„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~I‚ ~[y[‡"ƒ{‚¡‡ } ‚ƒ~¨„Fy?‡ˆ{¡‰Š‚ƒ~Œ‹{¦€¨€ { „Šy~[„Šÿ y©¨ y ~¡{Šz[} ‚Š‘j NB;$?I N F S E œ &%œ _8y]_` ]_^o` U§ ¿ ]_^a` U§ ¿3~œ ¤ ]%8 E 3`œ4˜E M]n;$NY9KN UNYAZS[?› 9 j ?@A E3~A I ¯ E ¢¡ §>§ ¢ §>§>§>§ §>§>§ £ §>§NBS[?@A E3 ¢ § )N¦– E §#"£ 4 §#"¢Y¿ 4 ¿ "£ 4 §#"¢ 4HVE P@LAB?DC EGF 9 F RGLP@9T;%nNHVE P@LAB?YC EGF N F NB;[RyC NBS[?@AB9%nN¤ 9 I1j“EK› ?H L\9>P §¨fg¦KH ; ¿ f -XH ; §¨f -XH ; ¢ fg¦KH ;F\H ?p ?@Ps?@=9>=1?F SVNBR>;$9>=93~A`MN®\¯ H ®-±Yq ¢ § )N¦–


) p\H NB; › 9>AB?EGF N H =ON1;$9DW EGHP• N F Ps9c;[N I 9 F N F SVN` l ¢ §>§G¦ A EGF NYP H 9TStCNBS[?@A EGH N F P@9 H L j NB;[ž\AB?QNv=N 3Šm % #&% % £ #&%¥¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £-#&% ¡ £ ¦ £"# ¢¡ d%¡ 0£¢¤ ] µ -G§ · R L F S E A EGFE SV;z9 H NYPs?QSVNX]"`NB; › 9>AB?EGF N H/j+EGH SVNB;z?E ;[N H N F % • ¢ = ¢¡ f =ŠU d!-‰¦ W ¤ 9 H ] 9 j L F S[9T; EGF Ÿ9>AB?s9•P@9cNZÕ?H SVN F AB?s9c=ON1NYPQNYAZSV; EGF N HEGFE N¦– N F N H S[9 H ULON F&UE>pƒHSVN H q j+E ;vPEGH NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EGH ¤ ] l "](% )) U +©+zq ½ œ ¥%n]W ½ œ`\`“q6A EGFH ?H SVN F SVN”A EGF ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?F‰› NB; HVE q3 ¢ §>§ N¦– N I ?QS[?QN F = E ;$9>=?@9>AB?YC EGF”H ?F AZ; E SV;ƒC EGF-f œšP j+EGH SVNB;$?E ;nŸ9>P@P@9T{BR E =N/N I ?H ?DC=NA EGF ž; I 9T; EGF NYP:Ÿ9>P@P@9T{BR EOfSVN I N F SVN µ - ¢B·qNYP+NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S E ½ œ``Ÿ\9 E>p SVN F ?@= E L F =NBS[9>P@P@9>= EKI 9 j 9K=NYP+;[N I 9 F N F SVN % • ¢ = ¢¡ f =ŠU d!-‰¦ qE PE ;$NYAB?QN F&UN I p 9T;[R E qƒP@93N › ?@=ON F AB?@93=ON/P@9K9>AZNYPQNB;$9>AB?DC EGF =ON j ; E S EGF N H S E =9 › C Q9 FOE N H A EGF ABP@LOW>N F SVN f `xC`¨?FF P@9/JMLON 9 j 9T;[NYAZN)L F ?F AZ;$N I N F S E N F P@9_N I ?H ?YC EGF RG9 I1I 9/N F P@9_{ EGF 9 = EGF =ONnPs9 F L p N IKE PQNYABL\P@9T; › NYAB?F 9/N HNC 9 H =ON FH 9 f œ H S E/j+E =;DC Q9 NZ˜ j P@?sAB9T; H N j+E ;6P@9 j ;[N H N F AB?s9)=N L F A EGIKj+EGF N F SVN =ON¨N I ?H ?DC EGFbj+E ;6=ON H ?F SVNBR>;z9>AB?YC EGFI=N ² fi¤jklonpq0s©¨v(w-{ {ƒ~!„Šy z )y|{¦~ ¦‡ˆ{¦‰Š‚¦~I‹F{¡€…€'{©=‰-„Šy zX‚¦|‚¡‡ |0‚ƒ~ „ŠyP}N|& y[|m~ } „Š{F„ ¦‡ˆ{¦‰Š‚¦~ £©Cm{¡‡ˆ{¨ ‚¦~'‡ˆy ~" ‚ƒ~ „Šy~")§y‡ |&‚#¦{ ¥‘ ¥ ¦} ¦ ¤ )} y[‡ˆ„Š{ ©…‰ ¨§¦6‘#¦Š ¦ „Fy‡TyTz"m{ ©Š‘¢ y 5)yX„ŠyI{ 0‡TyTz[} {¦‡!)|7}N|0z[‡ˆy[€ y[|& ‚ „Šy¨ {‚¡|P‹F{¡€…€'{ y[| ¨ {¦‚¦|0{¨|&‚¦‡ˆ‚y~% y©$¤ )y:zX‚¦}N|0z[} „Šy…zX‚¦|¨ {¨‡ˆy‹Š}m† ‚¦|-„Fy }N|& y‡T{ŠzXz}m† ‚¡|-„Šy¨ {¨‡ˆy€'{¦|&y|y:„Fy ~")§my[‡ |0‚ƒ{y[€¨}~X}m†zX‚¡| )|0{¨|)&Ty?€ ‚¨ yXz©)*¨ {¦‡IzXy‡TzT{¡|0{F‘ ¢ ~% ‚‚B„¡‡"†‚¦|} zX{7„Šy(m{¡‡"¡†‚¦|"{Š„¡‡x† {!y~"{¡‡?{ 5)|{¡|0„F‚P{¨ {!{ŠzXy ¨ y‡T{Šz[}m† z )*¨ {¦~?y[| ¨ {‡Ty€'{¦|&y|yŒŽT‘E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF =ONN I ?H ?DC EGF )N¦–A EGF 9>PQS[9);[N HVE P@LAB?DC EGF 9 F RGL\P@9T;YqTA EGIKE P@9%=N]_^o`+q…N F ;[NBRG?EGF N H =ONxN H SVN8:9A EGIKj P@N I N F S[9T;ŽC Q9 NYP“N HVj NYAZSV; E RG9 I1I 93S E S[9>PqO9 j“E ;$S[9 F = E ?FOUŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGFHVE>p ;$N)P@9 j+EGH ?p P@N%A EGIKj+EGF N F SVNS[?j“E# H D§JB :]D &ZI H :B.K7A F :]DEGF ?@AB9 f Ÿ\9>=O;\C=ON¨N H SV;[NYP@P@9 H =N F NYLOSV; EGF N HšI LOW3A EGIKj 9>AZS[9 H 3~L FOEGH6j“E A EGH @ ?@PYC EGI NBSV; EGH =ON =?YC 9 I NBSV; E E q‰JMLON JtLNY=9 F`¨N¨SV;$9TS[9H S EGHrE>p&R NBS EGH A EGFH S[?QS[LOW>N F L FOE =ONxPEGH R>;zL j+EGH ?@=ON F S[?Qž\AB9>= EGH:I C 9 H ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVN H =NYPtAB9TSC 9>PE R E œ,&%nœ "fœEGI1E ;[N H S E SV;$9 H Ps9 H L j NB; FOED› 9)=ON¨L F 9)N H SV;[NYP@Ps9 I 9 H ?› 9 f 8y9"A EGFH NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF =ONYP IKEGI N F S E 9 F RGL\P@9T;6A EGF P@PQN › 9AE S[9>AB?YC EGF =ONKN H S[9 H N H SV;[NYPsP@9 H SVN F RG9wL Faj NB;$?E = EcI LOW j NYJtLNtu FOE q-=ONYP E ;$=ON F =ON › 9T;z?@9 H =ONYAZN F 9 H =ONJMLON1P@9—;Ps9•N H SV;[NYPsP@9 j ; E R>N F ?QS E ;$9wA EGF =LAZN9wAB9 IKj+EGHPq E>p SVN F N IKEGH L F 9 j LPH 9>AB?YC EGF\¡ =ONKN H S[9—;$9>=?@9>AB?YC EGF q+A EGF L Foj NB;z?E = E NZ˜¨SV;$9 E ;$=?F 9T;$?@9 I N F SVNAB9;"P@9 H PC QF NY9 H =N3AB9 I1j“E•I 9TR F C NBS[?@A E N F PEGH)j+E PEGHBf ] AB9>=\9 j 9 HVE =ONYP j+E PE N F‘H La; E S[9>AB?YC EGFaj+E ; F LON H SV; Ej+E


¢Q A EGI1EvH L H AB9T;z9>AZSVNB;DCQ JMLON =ON I 9 F NB;z9 F 9TS[LO;$9>PO9 j 9T;[NYAZNnN F NYPN HVj NYAZSV; E-G§ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢;$NBRGLP@9T; fI ?H ?YC EGFj LPH 9>=\9wN F ;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9 j ; ED› ?QN F Nc=ON•P@9 H3j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 H AB9T;[RG9>=\9 H N F P@9 I 9TR F NBS EGHVUNB;z98:9aNj C L\PH 9T; f 8y9 HABLONB;$= E A EGF P@9=NYPEGF =?@AB?YC EGF =ON"NYJML?@Ps?p ;$?E =ON ULONB;[{Y9 H ¥A¬¢¡¤¦¥ § 3£ f¢ E£ ¥F N H S[9 H A EGF =\?@AB?EGF N H%FOE NZÕ?H SVNb9>AZNYP@NB;$9>AB?YC EGF =ON P@9 Hnj 9T;[SYC QABLPs9 HBf `¨?F N Ibp 9T;[R E q+91;z9>=?EGḦ § =ONYP:N R N= E H JM J []\6@ \L M >0E N H ?IKj+EGH ?p P@N I 9 F SVN F NB;; E S[9>AB?YCC 9 H 9>P@PDC 3IH SVNPQN H 3ŒžRGL;$9e£ f > E q H NBRxCL F P@9‘;[NBRG?YCLightCylin<strong>de</strong>rΩEGF = EGF =ON”SVN F RG9ePsLORG9T;XP@9 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>AB?YCαB=ON H AZ;$?@S[9‘N F NYP j C 9T;[;$9 UŒE EGF9 F SVNB;$?E ; fpolar cap beam outer gapbeamΩ . B = 0 nprq&s&v w-‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~ {¦‡T{!y ¨1€'yTzX{¡|}~ € ‚!„Šÿ y€¨}~ }m† ‚¦|=‹F{¡€…€'{ „Šÿ {#¨ {Py[|0y[‡‹ † {!„Fy)| † )*¨ ~[{¦‡ ŽX‘i¤jklœšPmP@P@9 I 9>= EcIKE =NYPE " M9@ H 9 µ - T·6=ONBžN F =ONp\H NB; › 9>= EGH_j ; EŽ› ?@N F N F =ONYPH 9T;[; E P@PE =ONXAB9 H AB9>=9 H NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?sAB9 H ?F =L\AB?@=9 H)j+E ; j 9T;[N H NYPQNYAZSV;\C EGF Uj“EGH ?QSV;\C EGF AZNB;zAB9”=ONPEGH=ON;$?I 9T;$?EGH 9C L FI C 9 H N F NB;[RrC j9 Ibp ?QN F S[9>PQN H N F NYP H N FOE =ONYP%?F SVN FH[E AB9 IKj+EPEGH =ONYP j C LPH 9T; f C œ H S EGH 9 H L › NB{ Ÿ9 F H ?@= E AZ;[NY9>= EGH 9–SV;$9 › C N H =ONPs9’?F SVNB;z9>ABAB?YC EGF =ON‘RG9 I1I 9 Hj+ENBS[?@A EGH A EGF PEGH ;$9YW EGH$•=ON ABLO; › 9TS[LO;z9 E N UNYAZS E ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?Ft› NB; HVE =ON PEGH NYPQNYAZSV; EGF N H 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>= EGHYf œšP:;[NYA E ;[;$?s= E P@?p ;$N I NY=?E9TR F C NBS[?@A E 3I NYAB9 F ?H$IKE =ONšA EGFt› NB; H ?DC EGFbI 9TR F C NBS[?sAB9 E f 8 EGH RG9 I1I 9 H|j ;$?I 9T;$?EGH 9 j 9T;$NYAZN F j+E ;|N I ?H ?YC EGFINZ˜ j 3 ¬ E9T;$9KP@9KA EGFt› NB; H ?DC EGF”I 9TR F C NBS[?@AB9 H N/A EGIKj+E ;[S[9 H NBRC L F ¥j3£ f¿ EEGF =ON ¥¤ H ?F 3 E H ?QN F = E ¤ P@9


Q A EGIKE NYP¨A E ;$SVNŠm % #&% % £ #&%¥¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £-#&% ¡ £ ¦ £"# ¢ - ¢%¡ 0£¢H AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;ŽC QH S[?@AB9 H N HVj NYAZSV;$9>PQN H W N F NB;[RyC NBS[?@AB9 H =ONcP@9oN I ?H ?YC EGFj ;[NY=?sA$Ÿ9 Hcµ ->- ·n9 H C8:99>L F JMLON FOE NZ˜ j P@?@AB9K9>=NYABL9>=9 I N F SVNbPEGHxj NB;[žƒPQN H =ONYP j LPHVE•µ -‰¦ ·fHVj NYAZSV;$9>Pr9X9>PQS[9 H N F NB;[RC Q9 H3µ - £T·yN H SC 9 F N F ;$9T{ EGF 9 p PQNABLONB;$= E A EGF P@9 HnE>pƒH NB; › 9>AB?EGF N H =ONbœ,&%nœ qN"v£¢"{¨ ‚¦‡Ty ~(„Šy ¨"zX‚¦‡" y ~")§my[‡ˆy ¨"‚¦|&y|&z} {¨zX{#¨ z )*¨ {Š„F‚ƒ~ {¦‡ˆ{¨ ‚ƒ~¤y ~¡yTz D‡ˆ‚ƒ~¤„Šy(¦{¦‡ } ‚¦~ '† )*¨ ~[{¦‡Ty ~ X{¡[‚?y ¨€ ‚„Šy ¨ ‚i¤jklonpq&s¡{¦‡…zX{ -Ž ‘'¢ | y©öy [y „Šy ¨ {ƒ~…{ ~[z[}~[{ƒ~:~[y?€'{¦‡TzT{ ¨ {'}N|y[|m~ } „F{Š„ „Šy ¨zX{¦€ m‚ € {B‹¡|?† y©D} zX‚!y[| ¨ { ~")§my[‡ ¤ z[} y‘„Fy(‚#¨œšP IKE =ONYPE > CuLƒ@ _9 - >…· j ; E>j LOR F 9)JMLON¨P@9);$9>=?s9>AB?YC EGF RG9 I1I 9 j ; EŽ› ?@N F N¨=ON¨P@9 H ;[NBRG?EGF N H NZ˜¨SVNB;$?E ;$N HµH =ONABAB?YCNB; I ?@A EGH 9 I p ?QN F S[9>P@N HBf œ H S EGH3j 9T;[N H =9T;\C 9 F P@LRG9T;19‘PEGHStCN FOE ; f 8:9 H:j 9T;[SYC QABLPs9 H AB9T;[RG9>=9 H 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>=\9 H N I ?QSVN F ;$9>=\?@9>AB?YC EGF =ONABLO; › 9TS[LO;$9¨RG9 IvI 9¨q j ; E =\LAB?QN F = EIEGF A EGF PEGH ;$9YW EGH-•?F AZ; E SV;\C EGFcI C 9 H ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?Ft› NB; HVEOfHS EGF N H RG9 IvI 9 E>pƒH NB; › 9>= EGH:j+E ; j ; E AZN HVEGH =N ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?Ft› NB; HVE q…;$9>=?@9>AB?DC EGF =ONiABL; › 9TS[L;$9 W"N I ?H ?YC EGFUEF N H SVNbAB9 HVE q“NYP|A E ;[SVNPQR EwI C 9 HbH L9 › N f œ H S EGHbI1E =ONYPEGH ;[N j ; E =LAZN Fp 9 H S[9 F SVNHEGF N F NYP4;$9 F R EwH L p U7 N¦–µ -‰d ·f `¨?F N I p 9T;$R E q j ;[NY=\?@AZN F L F 9 H NBRGL F =9cA EGIKj+EGF N F SVNv=ONvN I ?H ?YCj 9T;$9I ?F 9>= EGḦ j C L\PH 9T;[N H"µ - >¨q -‰d ·:JtLONb9iC L FcFOE Ÿ9 H ?@= E3E>p\H NB; › 9>= EOf=ONBSVNB;EGFOE AZN F–H NY?Hbj C LPH 9T;[N H A EGF N I ?H ?DC EGF RG9 I1I 9oA EGF ž; I 9>=9•N F P@9w;[NBRG?YC EGF =ONPEGH j+E A EGH )N¦– µ -‰¦ ·f`MNXAE ;[SVNN F N F NB;$RC Q9•9C L FeFOE Ÿ9 H ?@= E•E>p\H NB; › 9>= E q j NB; E”H NA EGF ž; I 9”A EGF PEGH N H SV;$?@AZS EGH PCœiP6AQI ?@SVN H"H L j NB;$?E6UH 9wP@9•N I ?H ?YC EGF N H S[9 p PQNYAB?@= EGHbj+E ;bPEGH SVNYPQN H A E>j ?EGH ¤ ŸONB;[N FA@>EŽ› N F NYPi;$9 F R E =ONXPs9 H/j+E AB9 H AZN F SVN F 9 H =ON;$NEGF =ONv]_^a` U§ ¿ f );z9>AB?@9 H 9>P* à=ONYPšJtLONX=?HXUf 8 EGHIKE =NYPEGHvH NMu F 9>P@9>= EGH1j ;[NY=?@AZN F N H SVNwA E ;[SVNa9 =?H S[?F S EGHK› 9>PE ;[N H N F NYPn?F SVNB; › 9>PE ¢ $_N¦–¢ § )N¦–9 j ; E Õ?I 9>=9 I N F SVN>q j ;[NYAB?H 9 I N F SVNvPs9—{ EGF 9•=ON E>pƒH NB; › 9>AB?YCj NB;$?E = E A E ;[;[N H[j“EGF =?QN F SVN/L H 9 F = E1I NY=?@=9 H N F ;z9>=?EOf=;\C 9 H N j“E =O;\C 9o;[NBRG?H SV;$9T;KNYP¨S[?QN I1j“E 9 p\H[E P@LOS E =ON•P@P@NBRG9>=9a=ON•PEGH3UŒE S EGF N H W H ?QS[L9T;zPE N F P@9 U9 H N•=ONYPj+EGFF NYPyAB9 j C QS[LPEc¦vH N3=\9XL F N R N IKj PE =ONYPy;[N F =?I ?QN F S E =ON3])^a` U§ ¿ j 9T;$9—P@9 I NY=?@=\9v=ONYPyN HVj NYAZSV; E N FœHVE =ON Ps93N I ?H ?YC EGF =ONb9>PQS[93N F NB;[RC Q9v=ON'–4NYP@9 fNYP:AB9; E SV; E Ps9>= E q“Ps9 H)F N p LPEGH 9 H 9 HVE AB?@9>=9 H 9 j C LPH 9T;[N H 3 MNL¦@BJ [LƒAŠE S[9 I p ? C N F‘H[EGFwULON F SVN H ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVN HyEF N H S[9 p 9 F =\9K=ON"N F NB;[RC Q9¨qƒŸ9 H S[93NYP j L F S E N F JMLON Ps9 F N p LPEGH 9K=NYP ¤ 9 F R>;[N RVEvH N"NB;$?@R>N/A EGIKE P@9KAB9 F =ONYP@9NH SC 9 F =9T;N F NYPƒ;$9 F R E =ON I LOW19>PQS[9 N F NB;[RC Q9¨q j+E ;iP@9 N H S[9 p ?@Ps?@=9>=1=ON H LXN I ?H ?YC EGF Ÿ9 H S[9 I C 9 H =N)¿ § N¦– f œiPN;z?QR>N F =ONiP@9 I ?H[I 9 HVEGF P@9 H:j 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 H 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>=9 Hyj+E ;|NYP j C LPH 9T;YqZN F P@9 ?F SVNB;$9>ABAB?YC EGF A EGF P@9 F L p N4NZ˜ j 9 FH ?› 9EH L j NB; FED› 9 E ;$?@RG?F 9>Pf œšPyN HVj NYAZSV; E =ONP=NPI N F SVN H[EGF Ps9 N I ?H ?YC EGFA


- ¿ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢UŒE S EGF N H 9 I p ?@N F S[9>PQN HYf?F AZ; E SV;\C EGF 3~Ÿ9 H S[9—;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9c=ON p 9 R 9N F NB;[RC Q9 E WwNYP ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?Ft› NB; HVE =ONKPEGH NYP@NYAZSV; EGF N H/HVE>p ;[NKPEGHHnprq&sut¡ 0v ¢ ~¡yXz©D‡ˆ‚P„FyC¨ {'|&y )*¨ ‚ƒ~[{!„Šy ¨&x{¦|6‹¡‡ˆy [‚ $ ~[yD‹ † )|!Ž §u‘i¤jkl;[S[9 F AB?@9w=NcN F SVN F =NB;vP@9 U C QH ?@AB9o=ON•PEGH3j C L\PH 9T;[N H N H N H[j NYAB?s9>PI N F SVN;$NYPQN › 9 F SVN”9‘P@9‘Ÿ E ;$9‘=ON8:9‘?IKj+E9T;[N HYf LPH A D : B.J¢& A D CJ J£¢¥¤ "§¦ D©¨§D§J8H7H7KF SVN F =ONB;¨PEGHiE>p&R NBS EGHxFOE ?@=N F S[?QžƒAB9>= EGH =NYPSVNB;$AZNB; AB9TSC 9>PE R E œ,&%nœ qtWG9&@X9 H Ja [ MN96@`_9NZÕ?H SVN3L F 99 HVE AB?@9>AB?YCPEGH &%(' H =N$H @C9EGF A EGFaH L j NB; FOEŽ› 9 HKµ£>¿…·4=ON3=ONBSVNB; I ?F 9>= E S[?j+E£9 H J=a [ \>0@=O;DC Q9 F N H S[9T;6;[NYP@9>AB?EGF 9>= EGH A EGF P@9_A E P@?H ?YC EGF =ON¨= EGHmE>p&R NBS EGH A EGIKj 9>AZS EGH)µ£ …·f ;z9 H P@9_P@?p NB;$9>AB?YC EGFj+EF C L9vA EGF NYP|S[?@N IKj+E N F”› 9T;$?@9 Hnp 9 F =9 H =ONYP|N H[j NYAZSV; E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@A E q-NYP:PsP@9 I 9>= E 9 #CuL¦@ _mM f –69T;$?EGH9TSVNQ9¨q=NYP E ;$=ON F =ON 3=N"N H S[93N F NB;[RC§ E ± § qPEGH ¥%' H H N/AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;z?Q{Y9 F S[9 Ibp ? C N Fcj+E ; L F 9£…·“SV;$9TS[9 F =ON NZ˜ j P@?@AB9T;P@9 H AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;ŽC QH S[?@AB9 H =ON N H S[9I1EI ?H ?YC EGF q U;$LOS E =ON/Ps9K?F SVNB;z9>ABAB?YC EGF =ONYP › ?QN F S E ;[NYP@9TS[?› ?H S[9¢ E fN3Œž\RGLO;$91£ f¢Y¿ E f9>PE R E I C 9 H NZ˜¨SVN FHVE Ÿ\9 H S[9aP@9 UNYAzŸ9‘Ÿ9 H ?@= E NYP E>p SVN F ?@= Ewj+E ;3NYP¨?FH SV;zL I N F S EGH 'x] `¨œ µ£ ¦ ·œšPxAB9TSCF SV;[NP@9 H ABLON H S[?EGF N H—j N F =?QN F SVN H N F P@9–=ON H AZ;$?j AB?DC EGF =ON‘PEGH ¥%' H N H SC 9’S[9 Ibp ? C N F A EGFE AZNB;”Ÿ\9 H S[9œNxN F NB;[RC Q9_P@P@NBRG9)Ps9nN I ?H ?YC EGF-f 8:9 E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF =ON UŒE S EGF N H =ON I 9YW E ; E_I N FOE ;mN F NB;[RC Q9 j NB; I ?QSVNxA EGFH SV;$Ntu F ?Q;JMLCU9>AZS E ;i=N 8 E ;[N F SV{n=ON P@9_NZ˜ j 9 FH ?YC EGF-f ] 9>P@S[9_N F NB;[RCNYPN F 9 j 9T;[NYAZN F N UNYAZS EGH N F P@9"ABLO; › 9Q93 ¢)N¦– E S[9 I p ? CIKj+E ;$9>P“N F P@9 U9 H N_?F ?sAB?@9>P\JMLON j NB; I ?QS[?Q;DC Q9 F ž R 9T;¨L FIKE =ONYPE 9>=ONYABL9>= E qOA EGF PE JtLN%N HxF NYAZN H 9T;z?@9=N)P@L{nSVNF 93;[N HVE P@L\AB?YC EGF SVN IKj+E ;$9>P FOE =\?HVj+EGF ?p P@N N F PEGH =\9TS EGH =ON/œ,&%nœ "fL


‚¡|¥¤ ¤ )y?}N|y[‡ˆ{Šz †Šm % #&% % £ #&%¥¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £-#&% ¡ £ ¦ £"# ¢ -%¡ 0£¢Toro <strong>de</strong> acrecion"Cannonballs"Emision <strong>gamma</strong>Objeto colapsadoCascara <strong>de</strong> expansion <strong>de</strong>l GRB‚¡|r„Fy©¨ { '% y‡‹¨ ‚¡Ž § $ §T‘ ¢ |ry©ẍ€'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ „Fy!zX{¡||0‚¡|5X{#¨¨ ¦} ¦ ¤ )} y[‡ˆ„Š{ ©§$)|i¤jklonpq0sut&t"v ¢…‚¦~'€ ‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~!„Fy!y[€¨}~X}m†‚ [y ‚!zX‚#¨ { "~[{F„Š‚7zX‚¦|)|&{ y~%D‡")z ¥)‡ˆ{ ‚¦‡T‚¦} „Š{¨„Fy ‹{ƒ~I{'~%){¨ ‡ˆyX„ŠyX„Š‚¡‡%$ {Šz[‡ˆy { € {y[‡ } { „Šy ¨1€…}~ €'‚'‰ ¨ {!y‰ŠyXz { y[|€ { „Šy…€'{ƒ~[{ƒ~…zX‚¡€ {Šz {¦~…‚£¢ X‚#¨ {¦~…„Šy zX{ |…†'‚¡‡† {ƒ~…{F„Šy ¨ {¦|y zX‚¦| ¨ { ~%)§y[‡ ¤ z[} ÿ y[| y ¨©m{¡|m~ }m† ‚¦|){¦|-€„Fy©¨(‡Ty ~" ‚„Šy~")§my[‡ |0‚ƒ{F‘£¢ |¨ ‚ „Fy ¤ ‡ˆy X{¨¨ ¦ „Fy‡TyTz"m{ © $ ¨ {$}N|y[‡ˆ{ŠzXz[}m† ‚¦| „Šy¨ {ƒ~-y|ƒ‚¨ ¡)‡ˆ{ƒ~=y| y ¨©m{¡|m~ }m† ‚¦|y©¨(€'‚„Šy„Fy©¨ ‚ [y© ‚ ¤©)y ‚¦‡ } ‹Š}N|…†€ yX„¦} ‚ &‡ˆ‚B„)zXy| ¨ { {FzXy©¨ y[‡ˆ{Fz}m† ‚¡| „Šy7y©¨ yTz D‡ˆ‚¦|&y ~'‰ ¨ { y[€…}~ }m† ‚¦| ~ }N|0z[‡ˆ‚#D‡x† ‚¦|zX‚¦|ry©¨‚$y ¨ ‚ ~[y[‡"ƒ{F„Š{F‘2704 BATSE Gamma-Ray Bursts+90+180-180-9010 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4Fluence, 50-300 keV (ergs cm -2 ){Fz©D} zX{ƒ~ „Fy$ (~ „Šy yXz {F„Š‚¦~ m‚¡‡Œy ¨"„Šy yXz ‚¡‡!¢ ¢V„Fy©¨ £1v ¢?}~"D‡ } ©)z[}m† ‚¦|=y[| zX‚B‚¡‡ˆ„Šy[|0{F„Š{¦~ ‹{#¨Š†i¤jklonp$q0sutzT‚r„Fy y~"‚¦~'y[|…† ‚¡€ y[|0‚¦~[‘ ¨ {‚[‹Š}¦} ¦ ¤ )} y‡ˆ„F{©Š‘ o{ }~[‚#D‡ˆ‚%¤† {rzX‚¦|m~"D}¥)‰Šy )|0{ „Šy¨ {ƒ~ 0‡")y§X{ƒ~-„Šy ¨ ‚¡‡ } ‹Fy[|zX‚¦~X€'‚#¨F†‚{¨ „Fy ¨ ‚ƒ~ ~%$ „¡}~"}N|6‹)}6† y[|0„F‚ƒ~[y=z©¨ {¦‡ˆ{¡€ y[|& y ¨ ‚ƒ~7„Šy D} m‚$zX‚¦‡" ‚ ‰ ¨ {¦‡D‹F‚‚¦|} )z}m† ‚¡| y| „#)‡T{Šz[}m†„Fy‡TyTz"m{#$:„¡}~"‡Ž § ‘


5 C [ µ£ d · E E A EGF PEGHiUE S EGF N H N I ?QS[?@= EGHij+E ; ULON F SVN H AZNB;zAB9 F 9 H 3 CuLƒ@ [o96M 5 C [ µ¦T§ · E f œšP IKE =ONYPE_N¦– ¡ 3ŒžRGLO;$9X£ f¢¡ E f `¨? H Nb9 H L I N JMLON/NYP|N H[j NYAZSV; E PE AB9>P|=ON j ; E S EGF N H WNYP@NYAZSV; EGF N H N Hn› C->- ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢EGF S[9T;\C 9P@P@9T{BR EGHKI C 9 H ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVN H =ON—œ ¥%nœ ULON—P@9”N FE ; I N j ; E>UL H ?YC´H A EGF L F 99>PQSYC QH ?I 9v9>AZS[?› ?@=\9>=”N FaH L F C LABPQN E q“N Foj ;$?F AB?j ?E L F 9TRGL R NB; E—F NBR>; EcH L j NB; I 9 H ?›>E qƒJMLONRG9>Ps9…˜¨?@99>AZS[?@AB9 H N F A EGF SV;$9>=9 H q\Ÿ E WN F =|C Q9


q&sut &v ¢ ~¡yXz©D‡ˆ‚ „Šy!¨ {¦‚¦|&{…}N|& y‡ |&{…„Fy!¨ { ({¨ {¥¨F} { ¦¡ £¢¥¤§¦§¨© £¥§¦¦¨¦§¨¢¢¦¨©¨zX‚¦| ¨ ‚¦~ „Š{‚¦~ „Šyi¤jklonp ’~")§y‡¡)y ~" ‚ƒ~[‘ ‚¦~¨€'‚B„Fy©¨ ‚ƒ~'€ ‚¦~"‡ˆ{F„Š‚¦~…~[‚¦|?¨ ‚ƒ~ „Šy[|0‚¡€…}N|&{Š„Š‚¦~ ¢zX‚¦|ƒy[|0z[} ‚¦|&{#¨ y~ ¤%$ ~y‹ † )|Ž ƒ‘¢ ¨ y¨6zXy~‚£]%L F JtLON3P@9NZÕ?H SVN F AB?@9—=ON3N H SVNKNZÕAZN HVE N F PEGH =9TS EGH =ONKœ &%œ l%H qM=ON I 9 H ?s9>= E =iC ]Hj LONY=ON F N H S[9T;¨A EGF SV;z?p LOW>N F = EbH ?QR F ?Qž\AB9TS[?› 9 I N F SVN%S[9 Ibp ? C¥%'H[j NYAZSV; EOf N: F J8H7:D K F K7B :?@J8D : J = EKj+E ;n])^a`N H N HVj NYAB?@9>PI N F SVN/?@= C EGF N EKj 9T;$9KA EGF S[?F L9T;%P@9K?Ft› N H S[?QRG9>AB?YC EGF =ON"N H SVN j ; E>p PQN I 9 fE>pƒHF N HVj NYAZSV; E 9 j 9T;[N F SVN I N F SVN•?H C E SV; E>j+E =ONPs9”N I ?H ?YC EGF RG9 I1I 9a=?UL H 9 ULON—=ONBSVNYAZS[9>= E‘j+E ;1`¨]_` U ¿”W´j+EGH SVNB;z?E ; I N F SVN A EGF ž; I 9>= E_j“E ;6œ,&%nœ >¿…·f ´ F 9_;[NBN › 9>P@L9>AB?DC EGF =ONxN H S EGH C L\PQS[?IKEGH ;[N H LPQS[9>= EGH4H N j LONY=ONµ› NB;%N F µ¦!- ·fE ;z?QR>N F =ON”N H S EGHUE S EGF N HXj LONY=N”=ON p NB; H N”9eP@9A EGF SV;$?p L\AB?YC EGF A EGFR L F S[9 =ONoL F R>;$9 FF C L I NB; E =ONœšPN p ?@PQN H6j 9T;$9 H NB;i;[N H LONYP@S EGH ?F =?› ?@=\L9>PI N F SVN f œiP¨N H S[L=?E =ON%`M;[NBN @ L I 9T;šNBSi9>Pf\µ >¿>·ƒ=9FX› 9>PE ; j 9T;z9bNYPmC QF =?@AZNnN H[j NYAZSV;z9>P-=ON$n¿ "¢Tq H ?I ?sP@9T;9>P+=ON_N H SVN"S[?j“E =ON ULON F SVN HYf ) SV;$9 HxULON F SVN H A EGI1E PEGHLF-f œ H AZN F 9T;$?EGHI C 9 H NZ˜xC E S[?sA EGH ?F ABP@LOW>N F P@9NF ?@JtL\?@P@9>AB?YC EGF =ON j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 H =ON I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;z9 E P@93N › 9 j+E ;$9>AB?YC EGF =ON/9TRGL R NB; EGH%F NBR>; EGHnj ;$?IKE ;z=?@9>PQN HBf9F AB9TSC 9>PE R EAZNB;iL F 9)N › 9>PsL9>AB?YC´EGF3j ;[NYAB?H 9_=ONYP j+E ;$AZN F&UR N_JtLON H L j+EGF N F P@9 H6ULON F SVN HFE ;[N H LNYPQS[9 HiH[E>p ;[NnN H S[9 N I ?H ?YC EGF-f –69T;z?EGH N H S[L=?EGHH ?QS+C L9 F N H SVN › 9>PE ;N F SV;[NS[993Ÿ9>AZNB;%]_^o` U§ ¿ E§ih W•NYP(> §ih q-A EGF PE ABL9>PrP@9XABLN H S[?YC EGF W”P@9 H ?IKj P@?@AB9>AB?EGF N H N H SC 9 F PQN RVEGH =N H NB;_;[N H LONYPQS[9 HBf rE ; E SV; ENYP4¿E qP@9KNZ˜¨SVN FH ?YC EGF =ON P@9 I NY=\?@=93=ONYP-N HVj NYAZSV; E 9 I C 9 H =Nv¢ § )N¦– 3~A EGIKE P@9KJMLON j+E =;\CPs9>=LONY=ON IKEGH SV;$9T; FEGH N › ?@=N F AB?@9 H ?F =?@;[NYAZS[9 H =ON I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;z9 j“E ;¨P@9 j ;$N H N F AB?@9PEGH N F NYPjEGIKE WG9 H N I N F AB?EGF C E N F NYP\AB9 j C QS[LPE ¢nL FOE =ONnPEGH6j ; E>p PQN I 9 H4E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?EGF 9>PQN H WPs9>= E N F P@9w9>AZS[L9>P@?@=9>= N H NYP j ; E>p PQN I 9•=ONP@9 I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9”N F NYP´ F ?› NB; HVEOf 8:9 H N › ?@=N F AB?@9 Hbj 9T;$9F AB9 F =\?@=9TS E N FwUŒE ; I 9=ON j 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 FOEp 9T;$?DCLEGF ?@AB9 3 + ^ šH E HVEGF =\?› NB; H 9 H W•WG9—Ÿ9 FoH ?@= E =?H ABLS[?@=9 H q9 H CF Ps9 H3j NB; HVj NYAZS[?› 9 H =N•= EGH =ON•PEGH AB9 F =?@=9TS EGH1I C 9 H ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVN H9


†;r†‚Š+MˆNYPr` MœšPtNZ˜¨AZN HVE6U _N¦–£=Nœ,&%nœ NBSV;$?sAB9 H 3HXU-‰¦ ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢=N H =ON"NYP j L F S E =ON › ?H S[9 E>pƒH NB; › 9>AB?EGF 9>P-N F NYP:AB9 F 9>P:=ON";z9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9 fºŠ. 6M‚Žº¢ Œ„ ˆ"+D‚ Œ‡G†e„ ˆ †ºv Œ¹\M‚…†*‡.rŒ†H L j NB; H ?I NBSV;DC Q9 H N j P@9 F SVNY9wN F Ps9 U C QH ?@AB9o=ONc9>PQS[9 H N F NB;$RC Q9 H A EGIKE L F 9a=ONcP@9 HP@?@=9 H 98:9j ; E>p P@N I 9 H SVN|C E ;$?@A EGH N F NYP:^ E =NYPE œ H SC 9 F =9T;YqONZÕ?QS EGHVE Ÿ9 H S[9KNYP I1EGI N F S E 91P@9 H N F NB;[RC Q9 Ḧ E>p\H NB; › 9>=\9 HPEGḦF A E P@?H ?EGF N H N F 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>= E ;$N HBf 8:9a9T; p ?QSV;z9T;$?QNY=9>=eA EGF P@9wJMLONc=ON p N F ?F SV; E =L\AB?Q; H NvAB?@NB;[S EGH3j 9T;\C 9 I NBSV; EGHNF N H SVN IKE =ONYPE q-P@9 FOE6U?F ABPsL H ?YC EGF =ONYP4AB9 IKj+E R>;$9 › ?QS[9TS E ;$?E”E NYP4P@P@9 I 9>= Ej ; E>p PQN I 9—=ONKP@9 R NB;z9T;$JtL:C Q9 HVEGFNF 9 H =ONwP@9 H ABLON H S[?EGF N HXFE ;[N H LONYPQS[9 HBf yE ;c9ƒu F 9>=\?@=LO;$9¨qiP@9 H L j NB; H ?I NBSV;DC Q9 j 9T;[NYAZN H NB; F NYAZN H 9T;$?@9eN F9>P@RGLE ;DC Q9=ON H L j NB;$ABLONB;$=\9 H qšJMLON j+E SVN F AB?s9>PI N F SVNwL F ?@ž\AB9‘S E =9 H P@9 HvULONB;[{Y9 H N F L F C L F ?@A EeI 9T;$A EOf 8y9Ps9SVNL j NB; H ?I NBSV;ŽC Q9X?IKj P@?@AB9P@9cNZÕ?H SVN F AB?@9c=ON1S E =9•L F 9 F LON › 9•A E PQNYABAB?DC EGF =ON j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 H/H L j NB; H ?I CH9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H E 9 HVE AB?s9>=9 H 9vAB9>=\91L F 9K=ONbP@9 Ḧ j 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H =ONYP:^ E =ONYPE œ H SC 9 F =9T;Yq j NB; E =?UNB;[N F AB?@9>=9 H N F ¢D³T¿jF NYP-N HVj C QF|f Nj P@?sAB9>AB?YC EGF =ON¨P@9 H L j NB; H ?I NBSV;DC Q9 N F NYPOPs9TR>;$9 F RG?@9 FOE =ON¨?F SVNB;$9>ABAB?YC EGF N F SV;[N Ps9 Hyj 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H qTA EGF =LAZN¨98:9"9j 9T;$?@AB?DC EGF =ON%L F1F LN ›>E j+E SVN F AB?@9>PƒA EGF L F 9/AB9 F S[?s=9>=vA EGFH NB; › 9>=\9 9 HVE AB?@9>=9¨qMP@9 j 9T;$?s=9>= %c3ŒN F 9>PQRGL FOEGHPs9/9=N/PEGH IKE =ONYPEGH E ¥¢¡ 3 $ ¢ E ¤¤£¦¥¨§©¥+¯¤ 3£ f EHmj 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H N H SC 9 F =9T;4S[?QN F N F ¥ ¢iWAN)=ON H ?F SVNBR>;z9 F N F L FvF C L I NB; E ?IKj 9T;=ON HXUj 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 HYf œ Hij+E ;šNYP@PE JMLON%P@9 j 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 H L j NB; H ?I C NBSV;$?@AB9 I C 9 HH3 £© E H NB;\C 9—N H S[9 p PQNKW H C E PE—j“E =O;\C 9—=ON H SV;$L?Q; H N I NY=\?@9 F SVN19 F ?@JtL\?@P@9>AB?YC EGFwj+E ; j 9T;[N HBf œiPr8m`Ps?QR>NB;$9H L;[R>N>q;KS[9 F S E qiA EGIKE L F NZ˜¨AZNYP@N F SVN”AB9 F =?@=9TS E‘j 9T;z9‘P@9 I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9 µ¦>¦ ·fšl C E SVN H N”JMLONcN H S E E ABLO;$;[N•=ONj+E9 F NB;$9 F 9TS[L;$9>P+N F =ONBSVNB; I ?F 9>= EGḦ I1E =ONYPEGH =ON H L j NB; H ?I NBSV;DC Q9¨q H ?FcF NYAZN H ?@=9>=”=ON/?IKj+EGF NB;¨N H SVNAB?EGF 9>Pf œ F NYP I 9T;$A E =ON%Ps9 H NZ˜¨SVN FH ?EGF N HI C QF ?I 9 H =ON)P@9 H L j NB; H ?I NBSV;DC Q9¨q>NYP F NYLOSV;z9>P@?FOE A EGIKE 8r`E>pƒHj 9T;[NYAZNnA EGIKE NYPOAB9 F =\?@=9TS E"I C 9 H ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVN>q‰9>P H NB; F NYLOSV; E N ?F SVNB;$9>AZS[L9T; H C E PE_I NY=?@9 F SVN P@9 ULONB;${Y9)=C N p ?@Pf9S[?j“E § ® f œ H S E ?IKj P@?@AB9vJtLON3L F P@LORG9T;"?@=nCH ?I LP@9>AB?YC EGF1F L I C NB;$?sAB9b=ONYP“A EGIKj+E ;[S[9 I ?@N F S E =?F C 9 I ?@A E =ON)N H S[9 Hj 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 H =ON H =ONnNYP E ;$?QR>N F =ON)PEGH8:9;$?I NB; EGH6j ; E S E6UArC L I LPEGH RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A EGH A EGF =\LAZN F 9 j NB;[ž\PQN H =N%=ON FH ?@=9>= j 9T;z9 P@9 H RG9>P@9…Õ?@9 H A EGFXUŒE ; I 9 H =ONYPjEGFN E 9 j ;z?E ;$? j 9T;$9XPs9 E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?DC EGF =ONP H NB;DC Q9XNYPEGFAZN F SV; E =N F LN H SV;$9 j ; E>j ?@9 _9>P@9…Õ?@9 fIvI 9 3ŒN I ?H ?YC EGF N FoUE ; I 9—=ONPQN H =ON)9 F ?@JML?@P@9>AB?DC EGFKU9 ›>E ;[NYAZN F P@9EGH H L pj ; E =LAZS EGH ?F ?@AB?@9>= EGH_j+E ;/NYP j ; E AZN HVEOf ) SV; EGHbH L pj ; E =\LAZS EGH ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVN HABP@LOW>N Fcj+EGH ?@SV; EGF N H q\9 F S[?j ; E S EGF N H W•9 F S[?@=ONYLSVNB; EGF N H q“JtLON H N H L I 9T;DC Q9 F 9>P:A EGIKj+EGF N F SVNo N H SC 9 F =9T; ¡ N F?FWG9_=ONBSVNB; I ?F 9>=9 H { EGF 9 H =ONYPtN HVj 9>AB?E =ONiS[9 H 9 H =ONx9 F ?@JML?@P@9>AB?YC° L RVE RG9>PDC 9>AZS[?@A EOf NYPHE>p\H NB; › 9>AB?EGF N H =ON)œ &%œ W>q I C 9 H ;$NYAB?QN F SVN I N F SVN>q=ON ½ œ``KWX^”]&+ ¤ qOŸ9 FXj NB; I ?QS[?s= E NZ˜¨ABPsL?Q;8:9EGF/U;[N F SVNx9 I 9 H 9%=ONYP + ^ rf %nNYAB?QN F SVN I N F SVN>qj 9T;$?@AB?YC EGF =ONcL F 9 ULON F SVN•?F SVN FH 9oAZNB;zAB9‘=ONYPxAZN F SV; E RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A E¾µ¦ = ·q6A EGIKj 9TS[?p PQN—A EGF L F 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>= E ;Ps9o9H SV; E>U C QH ?@A E q H L j+EGF =;\C 9bL F ;[NBS E1j 9T;z9KPEGḦ j ;\C E Õ?IKEGH NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EGH N F ABL\9 F S E 93;[N HVE P@LAB?DC EGF 9 F RGLP@9T; µ¦ >T·f9F NYPMN HVj NYAZSV; E =?UL HVEnHVE>p ;[NPs9 Hyj ;[NY=?@ABAB?EGF N H =ONN I ?H ?DC EGF/j+E ;r?F SVNB;$9>ABAB?DC EGFNPEGH ;$9DW EGH A-C EGH$I ?@A EGH A EGF NYP I NY=?E ?F SVNB;$N H SVNYP@9T;YqS[9 Ibp ? C N F N H E>p&R NBS E =ONb=?H ABL H ?YC EGF 9>AZS[L9>PI N F SVN>q H[E>p ;[N=NA EGF\H LPQS[9T; H N/P@9 H ;[N UNB;[N F AB?@9 Hbµ¦!- q ¦ £¨q ¦>d ·fL j+EGH ?p PQN•;[NYPs9>AB?YC EGF A EGF L F 9 H Ntu F 9>P_=ON I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;z9 f ¤ EGIKE’I LON H SV;$9–=ONaN H S[9–=?H ABL H ?YC EGF q j LONY=ON FHH NZ˜ j NYAZS[9TS[?› 9 H =ON"])^a` U§ ¿ HVEGF ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVN H FE1H C E PE N F ABL9 F S E 9KP@9 I NY=?@=\9 W—A EGF ž; I 9>AB?YC EGF =ONYP8:9NZÕAZN HVE N F NYPiN HVj NYAZSV; E =?UL HVE =ONX;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9¨q H ?FOE•j+E ;bP@9wAB9 j 9>AB?@=9>==ON j“E =ONB; E>pƒH NB; › 9T;bN Fe› 9T;z?EGHF 9>PQN H 3ŒRG9 I1I 9 H q j+EGH ?QSV; EGF N H qD9 F S[?j ; E S EGF N H E fNM NN H SVN IKE = Enj+E =O;\C 9 F Ÿ\9>AZNB; H NN H S[L=?EGH A EGFR L F S EGH 9>AZNB;zAB9AB9j ; E>p 9 p ?@P@?@=\9>== E AB9 F =?@=9TS EOf 8y9";[N HVE PsLAB?YC EGF 9 F RGL\P@9T; j ;[N › ?H S[9_WK=ON I1EGH SV;$9>=9 j 9T;$9=NnP@9H N HVj NYAB?@9>PI N F SVN ?F SVNB;[N H 9 F SVN j 9T;$9KP@9K=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ON H NMu F 9>P@N H =ON H =N)NYP:AZN F SV; E =ON/P@9_9>Ps9…˜¨?@9 fN


†;r†‚Š+Mˆ *‡.rŒ†¡ w†\. ;G†=V¢ wŒ ~}„ ˆ †ºX$ Œ¹ƒt‚…†SV; E AB9 F =\?@=9TS Ecj 9T;$9cPs9 I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9 H L;[R>N19 j 9T;[S[?@;/=ONvP@9 H SVN E ;ŽC)M N F SV; E =NoN H S EGH•IKE =ONYPEGH PEGH P@Ps9 I 9>= EGH =ON‘=?I N F\H ?EGF N H NZ˜MSV;z9’L F ?› NB; H 9>PQN Hj ;[NY=?@AZN F JMLONaS E = EGH8§£ ULONB;$9oNYP A EGIKj+EGF N F SVN j ;$?F AB?j 9>Pi=ON•P@9 I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9¨q H L I 9 H 9‘=ON p NB;DC¨ B A DEp&RSV; EGH SVN I 9 H A EGIKE AB?QNB;$S EGH 9 H[j NYAZS EGH =N U C)¡ 0£¢Šm % #&% % £ #&%¥¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £-#&% ¡ £ ¦ £"# ¢ -=%SV; E =L\AB?@=9 Ḧ j+E ;¤£Q9 H =ONv=\?I N FH ?EGF N H NZ˜MSV;$9¨qy?F&U9>P@LO{Y91N F ¢ d ¿¨¢ j 9T;$91SV;z9TS[9T;_=NbL F ?@ž\AB9T; NYP|NYP@NYAZSV; EGI 9TR F NBS[?H$IKE W•Ps91R>;$9 › NY=9>= p 9 R E NYP?H[IKEqN H S[9 H SVN E ;DC Q9 H Ÿ9 F ;$NYA E>p ;$9>= E ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F AB?@9 j+E ;$JMLON j ;[N H N F S[9 FH 9>P@?@=9 H 9>PI; E>p PQN I 9—=ON1Ps9 HŒR NB;$9T;zJtL|C Q9 H N F P@9 U C QH ?@AB9—=ON j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 HBf 8:9 H SVN E ;DC Q9 H =N1ABLONB;$=9 H S[9 Ibp ? C N F ;$NYJtL?@NB;[N F P@9jj ;[N H N F AB?@9K=N/=?I N FH ?EGF N H 9>=?@AB?EGF 9>PQN HBfPEGH AB9 IKj+EGH R>N F NB;$9 F L F 9 H NB;$?QNK=ONKN H S[9>= EGH P@P@9 I 9>= EGH =ON¥£/9>P@L{Y9 U £/PQNY?F q+AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;$?@{Y9>= EGH j+E ;/L F 9 I 9 H 9j N F =?QN F SVN•=ON”L F’› 9>PE ;=ON IKE = EOf œ H S[L=?EGH ;$NYAB?QN F SVN HHVE>p ;$N•NYP N H S[9>= E N H S[9 p P@N I C 9 H Ps?QR>NB; E 3§¦ E=NNtu F 9>P@9 F 9>P j ;$?I NB; IKE = E NZ˜¨AB?QS[9>= E =ONYPmAB9 IKj+E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@A E A EGI1E AB9 F =?@=9TS E‘µ =…§ ·f8 9T;$9cJMLON3N H SVNHQ9wN H S[9T;vN F NYP¨;z9 F R E =ON$ ¢Y¿ §>§ )N¦–P FOE Ÿ9 H ?@= E =ON H AB9T;[S[9>= E 9C L F NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S[9>PI N F SVN f 8 EGH|j ; E =\LAZS EGH =ONš9 F ?@JtL\?@P@9>AB?YC EGF-G§>§; j 9T;$N H =ON/N H S[9 Hnj 9T;[SYC QABL\P@9 H =9 F P@LRG9T; j 9T;[N H PQN j SC EGF ?@A EGH Wž F 9>PI N F SVN"RG9 I1I 9 HBfj+Eœ F µ¿ - · H NaŸ9>P@Ps9L F NZÕAZNYPQN F SVNw;$N H L I N F 9>AZS[L9>P@?Q{Y9>= E qA EGF ;[N UNB;[N F AB?@9 H q HVE>p ;[NwS E = EGH PEGH =?› NB; HVEGHH[j NYAZS EGH =ON/P@9K=ONBSVNYABAB?DC EGF ?F =\?Q;[NYAZS[93=ON I 9TSVNB;$?s9 EGH ABLO;$9 f9;‘C LPQS[?IKE q H N"N F L I NB;$9 FcE SV; EGH AB9 HVEGH JMLON";[NYAB?p N F 9TSVN F AB?YC EGF N HVj NYAB?@9>P-N F N H SVN AB9 IKj+E ¥yEEGH „¦ ‡‰‚Ž€-‡.Kˆ †ºY†‚…Mº q UE ; I 9>= EGH N FH ?H SVN I 9 H N H SVNYP@9T;$N Hip ?F 9T;$?EGH A EGF A$Ÿ E ;[; EGH ;[NYP@9TS[?› ?H S[9 H)µ = ¢B· HVEGF8C L F ?@A EGHXE>p&R NBS EGH RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A EGH =NoN H SVNoS[?j“EOf ¤ EGF NYP@PEGHH N‘9 p ;[NaP@9 j+EGH ?p ?@Ps?@=9>=’=ONoNZ˜ j PE ;$9T;—NYPPEGHF C EGI N FOE1H ?I ?@P@9T;iJMLON_S[?QN F N"P@LRG9T;¨N F PEGH ] l)HBf ^”L\A$Ÿ EGḦ j ; E AZN H[EGHxj LONY=ON F N H S[L=\?@9T; H N)N FcI 9YW E ;UNF PEGHxI ?@AZ; E ABL C 9 H 9T;[N HBf ]%AZS[L\9>PI N F SVN H N_AZ;$NBN/JtLON_9 Ibp“EGHxE>p R NBS EGḦ E>p S[?QN F N F—H LN F NB;[RC Q9 j+E ;=ONBS[9>P@PQN)NI NYAB9 F ?H[IKE =ON/9>AZ;[NYAB?DC EGF =ON/L F•E>p&R NBS E A E P@9 j\H 9>= EOfNYPy€\‚ ¡;G€ƒ}+ŽŠrv‚…†t»ƒ€\ºb¹\†\„„e† E ;z?QRG?F 9>= E"j+E ;šPs9"?F SVNB;z9>ABAB?YC EGF =ONn;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9b=ON 9>PQS[9"N F NB;$RC Q9œšPEGF NYP UŒEGF = E =N6;$9>=?@9>AB?DC EGF/› ?H ?p P@N ULPQSV;$9 › ?E P@NBS[9 f 8:9 I NY=?@=9 =NiP@9 9TSVN F L9>AB?YC EGF =ONP@9¨N I ?H ?YC EGF RG9 IvI 9AEGF NYPrA E ;[;$?I ?QN F S E 9>P|; ER E =ON PEGH ] l)H)j ; E>j+E ;$AB?EGF 9v?FOUŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGF 9>AZNB;zAB9=N N H SVN UEGF = E 3ŒW j+E ;AF S E q“9>AZNB;$AB9v=N P@9KŸ?H S E ;$?@93=ON/PEGḦ j ; E AZN H[EGH =ON UŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGF N H SVNYP@9T; E fS[9EGH € /Y"+D€\º•}y€ ŒŠrM}+¢ ©m‡G†Šr€\ºwŠy Y O B JtLON j+E =O;DC Q9 F L p ?@AB9T; H NP@JtL\?QNB;$9—=ON8H AB9TSVNBR E ;DC Q9 H=9 H 3~] l%H q j C L\PH 9T;[N H q I ?sAZ; E ArC L\9 H 9T;[N H E W³ E A EGFH S[?QS[L?Q; F LON ›>EGH S[?j+EGH =ONP@9?@AB9 UL F =9 I N F S[9>P 3ŒR>;z9 › ?QS[9>AB?YC EGF ABL C 9 F S[?@AB9 E E NYP:N H S[L\=?EQHI 9T;$9>=9 H HVE Ps9T;[N H 9KN F NB;$RC Q9 H )N¦– f=ON/P@P@9


- > ¢¤£¦¥¨§ ©¨¡ § © £! "£ £$#&%'£ £% % (§ © £¢


¡ ¥¤ §¦©¨ ¡£¢Ž· ^w9TSVS[ŸON H qOf ](+ ¤ EGFOU f ; E A f *> 3 ¢ d>d £ E >¿µ¢¡- · ] I N FOEGI1E ;$?qg^ f NBSn9>Pf ] j £ d £ 3 ¢ d>d>d E 8 dµ¢Ž· £ EGFOE>j NYP @>E q] f NBSn9>Pf ] H SV; E>j|f Ÿ f- 3 ¢ d>d>¦ E ¢ d>dµ¿-‰d ¢µ¢ · ])Ÿ9T; EGF ?@9 F q L f£ L¦@B; J _ ” [ Lƒ@`_; AB57J H 4 95 5978:9 \6J 9CJ [ œi= f ‘E ;$P@=—`¨AB?QN F S[?Qž\A!3¿ §>§N- Eµ¿Ž·] p NYP@9T;$= E ^ E ;$9>PQN RVE qDSVN H ?H = E AZS E ;$9>P j ;[N H N F S[9>=9 N F P@9 ´ F ?› NB; H ?@=9>= ¤ EGIKj P@LOSVN FH N6=Ni^”9>=;$?@=3¿ §>§ ¢ EŽ· ÒA$Ÿ E N FOUNYP@=ONB;Yq – f ]%= › 9 F AZN H ?F ` j 9>AZN %nN H NY9T;$AzŸ ¢>¢m3 ¢ d>d ¢ E >µ- · ?FA@ PQNB;Yq¤ f NBS%9>Pf ]/] ` j NYAB?s9>P]+ H[H LN1¢m3¿ §>§ E 8š¢ £ Ÿ‰SVS j ¥³>³ fN H 9 f?F Sz³ŽN H 9G^ +[³§+ F SVNBR>;$9>P³µ£/;$9>L H Ÿ9>9T;Dq f8 f NBSn9>Pf ] j ¢ =*= 3 ¢ d = ¿ E - ¢µ£Ž·· M NB;$=NBW F q` f^ f NBS%9>Pfl +V^ d > 3 ¢ d = ¿ E £>£ =µ¦= · Lm?@AzŸ‰SVNYPq¤ fœ f NBS%9>Pf ] j ¢ d > 3 ¢ d = £ E ¢ ¦µ>Ž· 8y9 I p q % f NBSn9>Pf ] j ¿¨¢Y¿ 3 ¢ d =*= E 8 ¦µ· Lm?@AzŸ‰SVNYPq¤ fœ f NBS%9>Pf ] j ¿>¿>¿ 3 ¢ d = > E > µd§ · 'x?QR F 9 I ?+NBSn9>Pf ` j 9>AZNb`¨AB?QN F AZN¥+ FH SV;zL I N F S H ¢m3 ¢ d = £ E ¿ - £µ¢· `9 F N Ftp LO;$ROq ' flbf NBSn9>Pf ] j ¿ - 3 ¢ d >¨¢ E 8 ¦>dµ¢>¢] I N FOEGI1E ;$?qg^ f NBSn9>Pf Ÿ‰W HBf % N ›“f8|NBSVS f+¦>d 3 ¢ d>d ¿ E ¿ -‰¦ >µ¢Y¿Ž·¤ Ÿ9 F SVNYPsPqg^ f¤ fNBSn9>Pf ŸtW HBf % N ›“f8|NBSVS f =Td 3 ¢ d>d = E ¢> § £µ¢Y£Ž·¦ · ^wA ¤ LPsPE LORGŸ-qf# ; E A f¿ ¦ S[Ÿ + ¤ % ¤ qƒ`¨9>PQS 8y9 @ N ¤ ?QS Wr3 ¢ d>d>d E ¦>dµ¢= · ])Ÿ9T; EGF ?@9 F q L f NBSn9>Pf ]"] dT§ 3¿ §>§ ¿ E dµ¢]%;$JMLONB; EGH q L f NBS%9>Pf ] H SV; E>j|f Ÿ f ¢ = 3¿ §>§ ¿ E ¿ dµ¢>Ž·d · ) H NB;Yq` f ; E A f ¿ ¦ S[Ÿ + ¤ % ¤ q“`¨9>PQS¨8:9 @ N ¤ ?QS Wr3 ¢ d>d>d E -‰¦!-µ¢§ · =N l 9>LO; E ?H qg^ f NBSn9>Pf ] j £ ¦>¦ 3¿ §>§ ¿ E -µ¿· ¤ 9nPQNBW>qg^ f L f NBSn9>Pf ; E A f¢ d S[Ÿ + ¤ % ¤ q8y9 >E P@P@93 ¢ d >£ E ¢¡ ¨¢µ¿¨¢–69>AB9 F S[?yNBSn9>Pf] j =*= 3 ¢ d>d ¢ E -‰¦ =µ¿>¿Ž·


¦ · `¨;[NBN @ L I 9T; NBSn9>Pf Ÿ‰W HBf %nN ›ƒf8:NBSVS f =…§ 3 ¢ d>d E ¢Y¿ =µ¿= · ½ 9T;[S I 9 F\F q% f¤ f NBSn9>Pf ] j ò¢Y¿ 3 ¢ d>d>d E =Tdµ¿>¿Ž· `¨;[NBN @ L I 9T;Yq rf NBSn9>Pf ] j -‰d!- 3 ¢ d>d > E £>¿µ Ž· 'x9>?˜¨NB;$9 H q¤ f NBSn9>Pfl + ^ ] £¨¢> 3¿ §>§N- E ¢>*>µ¦ · £ L p+E q½ f NBSn9>Pfl N‹] H SV; EGF-f % N ›“f >¿ 3¿ §>§N- E - >µ= · ŸtSVS j ¥³>³ŽRGP@9 H S fR HVUA fF 9 H 9 fR ED› ³µµ£ Ž· –_?@P@Ps9 H N FOE ;Yqf` f NBSn9>Pfl 9TS[LO;[N - = 3¿ §>§ £ E >*>£§ ¢¡£ ¢¤¥¡ ¢§¦ ¢I©¨ ¡ ¢Y£- · 9 F ?I1E ;$?q "f NBSn9>Pf ] j - ¿ d 3 ¢ d>d!- E 8 ¦ ¢µ¿µ¿>£Ž·ŸtSVS j ¥³>³…A EGH[H A fR HVUA fF 9 H 9 fR ED› ³…= E A H ³…AZRG; E ³…?F =ONZ˜ fŸtS I P›>EGF ^ EGF S[?QR F W>q ¤ f NBS%9>Pf ] j->-G§ 3 ¢ d>d £ E £>¿>£µ¿*>Ž·d · ^w9YW>NB; U½ 9 H[H NYP9 F =ONB;Yq ½ f] f NBSn9>Pf ] j - ¿¨¢m3 ¢ d>d!- E ¿ =T¦µ¿§ · ÒA$Ÿ F NY?s=-qOœ fOf NBSn9>Pf ] j- £ 3 ¢ d>d £ E d £µ¨¢ · ½ L F SVNB;Yq“` f MPf ] j - >¨¢m3 ¢ d>d = E ¿ § £µ- · NBN @ N H q "f¤ f NBSn9>Pf ] H SV; E>j|f Ÿ‰W HBf ¢ = 3¿ §>§ ¿ E ¿>¿¨¢µ>£Ž· ŸtSVS j ¥³>³ fIKj ? UŸ\= fIKj R f=ONŽ³…Ÿ UŒI ³ ½ œ`\`³ ½ œx`` fŸtS I Pµ*>Ž· ŸtSVS j ¥³>³…9TRG?@P@N f; Icf?@9 HVU fA F ; f?@Sz³µd · ) F ROq % f ; E A f ¿ d S[Ÿ + ¤ % ¤ L F N>q + F =\?@9 3¿ §>§ £ E >¿ dµ-G§ · £ E WG9 I 9¨q £ f NBSn9>Pfl 9TS[LO;[N = > 3 ¢ d>d £ E ¿>£>£µ- ¢ · ])Ÿ9T; EGF ?@9 F q L f] f NBSn9>Pf ]"] - >¿ 3¿ §>§N- E = £µ- ¿Ž· ŸtSVS j ¥³>³…A EGH[H A fR HVUA fF 9 H 9 fR ED› ³…= E A H ³…AZRG; E ³…?I 9TR>N H ³ŽN j+E ³ŽR‰9>P@PQNB;$WO³ j L\PH 9T; H ³µ- Ž· M 9>LORGŸNB;[SW>qf £ f ½ 9T;$=?F ROq] f £ f ] j ¿>£>¿ 3 ¢ d >¿ E =µ->- · M 9>LORGŸNB;[SW>qf £ f ½ 9T;$=?F ROq] f £ f ] j - £*> 3 ¢ d>d>¦ E ¿ = >µ- £Ž· l NYPq½ f + f =ON 9TR>NB;Dq ) f¤ f ] H SV; f` j:f`¨AB?f ¿ § 3 ¢ d>d £ E ¿ d>dµ-‰¦ · Ÿ EGIKj\HVEGF q M£*> 3¿ §>§ ¢ E ¢ §µ-= · ½ 9T;$=?F ROq] f £ f ]+ ¤ EGFU f ; E A f £>£*> 3¿ §>§ ¢ E ¢>¢Y£µ- >Ž· ¤ ŸON F ROq £ f` f£ ½ E q¤ f %nL=ONB; I 9 F qg^ f] f ] j §>§ 3 ¢ d > ¦ E £ §>§µ-‰d · % EGI 9 F ?q % f f š9>=?QRG9T; E RGPsL-q + f] f ] j- *> 3 ¢ d>d £ E ¨¢ -µ§ · =N 9TR>NB;Yq ) f¤ f NBSn9>Pf ] j - £ = 3 ¢ d>d>¦ E ¿>£µ£· ? R NB; H q% f] f^ fOf NBS%9>Pf ^ l %]_`c¿*>*> 3 ¢ d>d = E 8r£¨¢µ£¨¢`¨S[9 F N @ q £ f rf NBSn9>Pf ] j £ d ¢m3¿ §>§ E 8š¢ =µ£>¿Ž·


¢¡£ ¤ ¡ ¢ ¦ ¢I©¨ ¡ M 9T;Yq] f M N %‘CœiPH 9TN H[H NB;Yq £^w9 FF ŸONY?I q ŸtW HYf % N ›“f8|NBSVS f‰d £ 3¿ §>§ £ E ¿ §GdT§>§ ¢ £ =ON*' E NB;Yq ‹f NBSm9>Pf 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6U¢Y£¨¢- · Ÿ9 F ROq ' f ^£C N H {|C 9T; EGH q rf + F S fOf^ E = f ŸtW HBf] ¢ d 3¿ §>§N- E ¿*>£µ£µ£>£Ž·L R LP@9¨q] f= ŸtW HBf %nN j|f=-G§ £ 3¿ §>§N- E ¿ §µ£ ¦ · ŸtSVS j ¥³>³ fp 9TS H N fI1H[UA fF 9 H 9 fR ED› ³ p 9TS H NŽ³ŽR>; p ³= · ŸtSVS j ¥³>³…9>9 F =\9 fL UH SV;$9 HVp R fU;Y¥g¿ §>§ ¿G³ j 9 j NB; H ³…9>9‰³ UL\P@P³T¿ §>§ ¿G³T¿ - ³T9>9¢ = ¢ ¦ ³ FOE =ONŠ fŸ‰S I Pµ£ŸtSVS j ¥³>³…ŸONY9 H 9T;$A fR HVUA fF 9 H 9 fR ED› ³…= E A H ³ H n?USz³…9 p+E LOS H n?USz³µ£*>Ž·d · ^w9T;$9 H AzŸ?q8 f NBSn9>Pf ] j d = 3 ¢ d>d ¿ E 8r£µ£· M NB; I NB;Yq¤ f ÒA$ŸP@?sA @ NY?H NB;Dq % f ] j - ¢ ¦ 3 ¢ d>d E - £*>µ¦T§¢ · %9>A$ŸON F qOf rf 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿ“³ §>§>§ >¿*>¿µ¦¿Ž· ^ E ;$?qg^ f ] j-= > 3 ¢ d>d = E ¿>¿>£ £ _;$9>PQNn?@AZ{>q rf NBS%9>Pf ]"] ¨¢> 3 ¢ d>d = E d ¿>£µ¦Ž· `¨SV; EGF ROq] f NBSn9>Pf ] j £ = 3¿ §>§>§ E =T¦µ¦· `¨SV; EGF ROq] f NBSn9>Pf ] jv¦ ¢¡ 3¿ §>§N- E d>¦ ¿µ¦!-£Ž· =N' E NB;Yq ‹fƒl N ] H SV; EGF-f %nN ›ƒf-‰d 3¿ §>§ £ E ¿¨¢¡µ¦· E P@= p NB;[ROq½ f ŸtW HBf %nN ›ƒf8:NBSVS f £ § 3 ¢ d > E ¢ - ¢ dµ¦>¦= · ])Ÿ9T; EGF ?@9 F q L f NBSn9>Pf 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿ“³ §N-G§ >¨¢ - £µ¦>Ž· 9>Ÿ9T;$? R 9 H q f ½ EME>j NB;Dq Mbf] ŸtW HBf %nN ›ƒf M = 3¿ §>§G¦ E ¢ § >£ § ¢µ¦µ¦>d ·j Ÿƒ³ §G¦T§ ¿ >¿>£ £ 'NB;[R H SV; EGI q8 f NBSn9>Pf 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿ“³ §G¦T§ ¿ ¦ >¿=…§ · ¤ ŸON F ROq½ f¤ f£ ^w9TS[A$ŸON › q £ f "f `¨A$Ÿ I 9>PQSV{>qg^ f ŸtW HYf % N ›“f M ¦>¦ 3¿ §>§ ¿ E § ¦T§>§ £µ= ¢ · 9T;[NY=N H qOf^ f NBSn9>Pf `¨AB?QN F AZN ¿*>*> 3¿ §>§>§ E ¿ -G§µ


¢Y£>¿ ¢¡£ ¢¤¥¡ ¢§¦ ¢I©¨ ¡


¡ ¦©¨ ¡ 9AC £ JD57>&M9C @ G £¨ £ fM ?@AzŸ E1HVE>US x9T;[N H Nb=ONBS[9>P@P@93N F PEGH ] j C.BE ¡0) ¯ 3~¬3«…¬1* E-,2 NZ˜ j 3 $!3~¬P@?Q{Y9bP@9 ;$N HVj LON H S[9b=ON_])^a` U§ ¿P@RGL FOEGH =ON)PEGH SVN I 9 HxH NMu F 9>P@9>= EGH N FœN F AB?@P@P@9 H 3° L RVE ?H C E SV; E>j“EXE N I ?H ?YC EGF•p ;[N › N=9K9L F C 9 F RGLPE ž R E E H N j LONY=ON SV;z9 p 9 R 9T;_A EGFoU9>AB?sP@?@=9>=Hj C QS[LPE £ f `MN"Ÿ9= E A EGF = EGH ŸNB;[;$9 I ?QN F S[9 H =ON H ?I LP@9>AB?DC EGF q H NBRxC L F NYP-AB9 HVEOf 9T;$91A EGF =?sAB?EGF N HNYP-AB9NB; H 9 H q“L F 9KN H SV;$LAZS[LO;$9 FOEXj L F S[L9>P|N F NYPyAB?@NYPEvE L F N H[j NYAZSV; EXI C 9 H A EGIKj P@N R E JtLON= E ;vA EGIKj PQNBS E =ONw])^a` f œ F AB9 HVEGH—I C 9 H A EGIKj PQN RVEGH 3~L F 9 I 9TSV;z?Q{”=ON ULON F SVN HXj L F S[L9>PQN HASVN F AB?s9 H E q H N E>j S[9 j“E ;)L F”H[E>US 9T;[NC Qž\A EXj 9T;$9KNYPySV;$9TS[9 I ?@N F S E =ON N H S EGH AB9 H[EGH qƒNYPyP@P@9 I 9>= E G £j+EN F =?@AZN HBf ' 7 `?]$5_+5_‹.=\ /!XW"!][`f_o\ '7`?]•.=\ 0K'7` D07\i')(\!K0K')(+07`?]#"\ ]$! 70=]_`¨* .=\&% \ ][`j ;$?I NB;:AB9 H[E 9 F 9>Ps?Q{Y9>= E N H L F p ;[N › NN H S[L=?E%HVE>p ;[NP@9 AB9 j 9>AB?@=\9>=bJMLONšSVN F =O;\C 9n]_^a` U§ ¿n=Ni=?H S[?F RGL?Q;œšP–4NYPs9 f `MN)Ÿ9 F LOS[?@Ps?Q{Y9>= E PEGHiIKE =NYPEGH =ON H AZ;$?QS EGH N Foµ¢Z· j 9T;$9"NYP " M9@ H 9 ”W3N Fwµ¿…· j 9T;$9"NYP > CuLƒ@_9 f œ F P@9N H AZN F 9T;$?EGH =ON"N I ?H ?YC EGF RG9 I1I 9 j L\PH 9>=93=ON H AZ;z?QS EGH N F NYP|AB9 j C QS[LPE £Mq\A EGF AZ;[NBS[9 I N F SVN j 9T;$93NYP-AB9 HVE =ONPEGH¦Mf¢ H N I LON H SV;$9 F P@9 Ḧ UŒE ; I 9 H N HVj NYAZSV;$9>PQN Ḧ j ;$NY=?@A$Ÿ\9 H N F A EGIKj 9T;z9>AB?YC EGF A EGF =\9TS EGH NZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S[9>PQN HBfž\RGLO;$9H SVN N H S[L=?EKH N Ÿ\93N IKj PQNY9>= E Ps9 j 9T;$9 I NBSV;$?@{Y9>AB?YC EGFcj ; E>j LON H S[93N F µ …·¥9T;z9KN©('v«…©t¬¦¥) ± 3~¬j S[9o¬1* ¥k¢ _N¦– A EGIKE‘FOE ; I 9>Ps?Q{Y9>AB?YC EGF q|W3)54 q7684 q 4nW ¬14 A EGF:9 ¥k¢P¤E ; 9bP@9 H A EME ;$=ON F 9>=9 H =NYP j C LPH 9T;Yq H N E>p S[?QN F N%NYP F C L I NB; E =ON)ABLON F S[9 H N H S[?I 9>= E =ON%P@9 S[9 p P@9 ¦Mf¿ f=NYP\=ONBSVNYAZSp msut"v ©({¦‡x† {¡€ y D‡ˆ‚ƒ~…„Fy¨ { yXz©){Fz}m† ‚¡| Š‘{¦‡ˆ{7¨ { ‡ˆy‹¡}m† ‚¡| ¦= ?>¦ ¤y ¢ „Šy ¨ ‚¦~ €'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~…„Fy ~[z[‡ }‚¦~…y|7Ž #$xT‘p¢¡¤£E =ONYPE ) ± 3~A I ®\¯ H ®-± E 6 ± ¬ ±±^P@9T;nAB9 j ¢>£¥¢ § ® ¢ f£*> fgd ¢ ¢ f£ -) LOSVNB; RG9 j ¢Y£ = ¥¢ § ® ¢ f -= f - ¢ §¨f >*>rE¢Y£


¢Y£ -©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢(£¦¥¨§§¨fgdFU ¢ f£ ¢ §>§ ³ > - =tf - ³ ¦Mf¿ ¢ f¢D³ § ¢Y£ fgd ³ §¦ ¢ § G³M¢>¢ ¦ *> f = ³ ->-Ofg¦ ¢ =tf¢D³ §¨f¢ §¨f >G³ =tf¢U¢Y¿ ¢ - ³ - ¢ > f G³T¿ -Of > ¦Mf¿G³ §¨f¢ §¨f¢D³M¢ f -¦FUU ¿>£ §¨f¢D³ ¦Mf§ § ³ -Of = ¿ f¿G³ § §¨f¢D³ §¨f¿¿>£¢Y¿-G§ § ³ §¨f¿ § ³ §¨f¿ §¨f£G³ § § ³ §U> § § ³ § § ³ § §¨f G³ § § ³ §-G§U> §U ¢¡ § § ³ § § ³ § §¨f¢D³ § § ³ §sutv¢ ~¥yXz©D‡ˆ‚ „Šy ¨ {!‡ˆ{F„¦} {Fz}m† ‚¡| „Šy ¨* † )*¨ ~{¡‡ ¢"y ¨ { ~[yD‹ † )|¦{¦‡ } ‚¦~…€'‚B„Fy©¨ ‚ƒ~I‰'~")-zX‚¦€ {¦‡ˆ{Fz}m† ‚¡| zT‚¡| ¨ ‚ƒ~¨„F{# ‚ƒ~i¤jklonp¨©my[‡ }N€'y|{¨ y ~Iy[| „¡}~%D}N|& ‚ƒ~:‡ˆ{¡|‹‚ƒ~I„Šy y[|0y[‡‹ † {IŽD¨§ˆ‘yp s¡ 1v )y[|& {ƒ~:„Šy yXz {F„Š{ƒ~D‡ˆ{ƒ~!)|-{ |0‚!„Šy…‚ y‡ˆ{Fz}m† ‚¡|$zX‚¡| w ¢ ¡ ¦zT{¡€ ‚'€'{[‹Š|?† y D} zT‚'|0‚¦€¨}N|0{¨ ©Py|[}N|0y~p¢¡¤£}D‡ˆ{¡‡ } ‚ƒ~¤„Šy y[|0y[‡‹ † { ¦y©¨ y‹Š} „Š‚¦~-‚¦‡(z ¨ {¦‡ } „F{Š„©)6~[{¦|&„Š‚:zX‚¦‡" y~ ‚ }N€¨} ¦{Š„F‚ƒ~ m{¡‡ˆ{ '%)y[|& y ~ ¦¡¦y[‡ zX{ † ¥)*¨ ‚ ¥ ©Š‘ © ¥¤ {¡‡~[ÿ zX‚¦‡ ‡ˆy~¡m‚¡|0„Šy[| { ¨ ‚ƒ~?€'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~(‚#¨ {¡‡…zX{ $‰P‚#)* y‡ ‹{ ‡ˆy~¥yXz©D}¦{¦€'y|y‘F NB;$RC Q9 ¤ LON F S[9 H ` M ¤ LON F S[9 H œ ¤ ])8 L EGF = E§¦ ¥ L EGF = E©¨3 )N¦– E 3 ¤ ³ ) E 3 ¤ ³ ) E 3`œM ³…œ ¤ ]%8 E 3` M ³…œ ¤ ])8 E§¨f¢ U§¨f - § ³ § § ³ § § ³ § § ³ §§¨f -6U§¨fg¦ §¨f¿G³ §¨f¢ §¨f¢D³ §¨f¢ § ³ § §¨f G³ §§¨fg¦FU§¨fgd dMf G³ > f§ ¢D³ §¨fgd § ³ § £ f G³ §¢ f£ U ¢> § ³M¢Y£*> -Of¿G³6 §¨f¢ f¿G³ § £ f - ³T¿ f


SVN F SVN f j+E ' 7 `?]$5_+5_‹.=\ /!/!)*¨ ~[{¡‡ {¦‡T{ w ¢5 ¦ y[| „F‚ƒ~zT‚¡| ¤‹)‡ˆ{Fz} ‚¡|0y~ ¢NBS[?@A E’I N FOE ; f Ò?F N I p 9T;[R E qPs9 H ?F AZNB;$S[?@=L I7UN F•j+E ;nœ ¥%nœ … § £ ¨ ¨ #&% £ %¡ £ #&% m ¦ ¢ ¢Y£>£¡œšP|N H[j NYAZSV; EI NY=\?@= E N HVj NB;$9>= EH N I LON H SV;z9vN F P@91žRGL;$9 ¦Mf¿ R L F S E A EGF P@9 H ABLO; › 9 H =NbPEGH%IKE =NYPEGH W=9TS EGH ;[NBRG?H SV;$9>= EGHij+E ;œ,&%nœ "f M)EGH AB9 HVEGH Ÿ9 FH ?@= E A EGFH ?@=NB;$9>= EGH ¥tNYPƒ=ON)P@9 A EGF žRGLO;$9>AB?YC EGF N H SC 9 F =\9T;PEGHN F NYP|AB9 j C QS[LPE Mq H NYABAB?DC EGFU§ ¿1A EGF NYP|?I C 9 FcH L j NB;$A EGF =LAZS E ;DqMW—NYP|AB9 H[E N F NYP|JMLON H N"N I1j PQNY91L F ?I C=N/])^a`VelaVela3› NB;)=?H ABL H ?YC9 F =ON I N FE ; j+E SVN F AB?@9s)2Flujo x E 2 (GeV/cm101010-5-6-71 yr; B=0.86 Ts)2Flujo x E 2 (GeV/cm101010-5-6-71 yr; B=0.16 TEGF f¿ fg¦ E f-810-910<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> polar cap<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> outer gapDatos EGRET-810-910<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> polar cap<strong>AMS</strong>-<strong>02</strong> outer gapDatos EGRET-1010-1210 1 10 10Energia (GeV)-1010-1210 1 10 10Energia (GeV)s¡ v © ‡ˆyX„¡} zTz[} ‚¦|&y ~{¦‡T{ ¨ {„¡}~"}N|&z}m† ‚¡| „Fy=€'‚B„Fy©¨ ‚¦~ „Šy '†i¤jklonpy©¨ }N€ † {¦| „Šy F‘ ! ¦} ¦ ¤ )} y‡ˆ„F{© ‰ zT‚¡| y ¨ „Šy F‘%!¦„Fy‡ˆyXz"m{ ©§$£)6~[{¡|0„Š‚PzT‚¡‡"y~ m{¡‡ˆ{ '%)y[|& y ~ ¦„ŠyI{Fz©)y[‡ˆ„F‚P{¨ {zX‚¡|¡)*¨ ‚ ¥ ©Š‘5¢ y¤}N|&z©¨ )‰Šy[|={ƒ~ }N€…}~ €'‚C¨ ‚ƒ~Œ„F{# ‚ƒ~Œ„Šy ¢ ¢$!o‘ {¨{¦|&z "*)‡ˆ{…„Fy¨ ‚ƒ~[}N|0y~Œ„Šy y[|0y[‡‹ † {|&‚¦€'y|&z©¨ {#¡)‡ˆ{I„Fy©¨&zT{% †‚¦€'{Š„Š‚ „ŠyI€'{¦|0y[‡ˆ{ ¤©)y¤£¦¥¨§©¥[‘ ¢¨† ‚#¨ ‚ ~[y?}N|&z©¨ )‰Šy| ¨ ‚ƒ~Iy[‡ ‡ˆ‚¦‡ˆy~Iy ~" {Š„†~[y"m{¡| ~%D} zX‚ƒ~[‘Ibp 9 H A EGF ž\RGLO;$9>AB?EGF N H/j NB; I ?QS[?Q;DC Q9 F P@9 H N j 9T;z9>AB?YC EGF =ON IKE =ONYPEGH q+9>PsAB9 F {Y9 F = E L Ibp ;$9>P@N H"I C 9 H_p 9 RVEGH]EGF N H S[9>=|C QH S[?@AB9;$9T{ EGF 9 p PQN•N F NYPnAB9 HVE =ONYP AB9 IKj+E I 9TR F CA;[N H SVN|C E ;$?sAB9 Hnj+E =O;DC Q9 F Ÿ9>AZNB; I C 9 H%U9 ›>E ;$9 p PQNj+E ;$AB?EGF 9>=9 j+E ; NYPy?I C 9 F•I C 9 Hp '7`?]•.=\ 0K' ][`f_o\NB; › 9>AB?YC EGF =ONPs9%A E P@9_=ONx9>PQS[9)N F NB;[RC Q9%=ONxL F N H S[9>P@Ps?@= E =Ni;$9DW EGH RG9 I1I 9=3 &%(' E Ÿ\9 H S[9_L FOEGHyj“E A EGH )N¦– fE>pƒHF N H S[9 H NYABAB?YC EGFbH NiŸ\9>AZNiL HVE =ONšP@9 H ?I L\P@9>AB?YC EGF A EGIKj P@NBS[9 j 9T;$9 N H S[L=?@9T;yNYPGAB9 HVE =ONšP@9 H:j+EGH ?p ?@Ps?@=9>=ON H =ONœEGF AZ;[NBS[9 I N F SVN>q H N Ÿ9)N IKj PQNY9>= E P@9)NZ˜MSV;z9 j“E Ps9>AB?YC EGF =ONYP¨N HVj NYAZSV; E =ON¨L FE =NxPEGH &%' H6I C 9 Hmp ;$?@P@P@9 F SVN H =ONYP¤9>PE R E =ON'x] Òœ¨±Bq\=ON FOEGI ?F 9>= E &%(' d ¢ § £ § Mq E>pƒH NB; › 9>= E S[9 I p ?zCAB9TSCŸ9 H S[91PEGH ¢ § )N¦–ABLW E1° L RVE N H 3ŒžRGLO;z9 ¦Mf E ¥- q\£Ž·f 8:9 H AB9T;$9>AZSVNB;ŽC QH S[?@AB9 H N HVj NYAZSV;$9>PQN H H N/Ÿ\9 F S EGI 9>= E =ON µ¦ ·qL H 9 F = E P@93N I ?H ?YC EGF =LO;$9 F SVN > -vH NBRGL F = EGHµ© 'v«…©‰¬ ¥ d@"g¦ ¥•¬ ®\¯¯a®\¯>®-± ®-± 3¦Mf¿ EH L\PQS[9>= E =ON P@9 H ?I LPs9>AB?YC EGF ^ EGF SVNYAB9T;$PE/j 9T;$9_NYPON HVj NYAZSV; E/H N I LON H SV;z9"N F P@9_žRGLO;z9 ¦Mf -Of 8:9 H ABL\9TSV; EœšP¨;[NH6HVEGF ;[N H LPQS[9>= E =ON › 9T;$?@9 H A EGF ž\RGLO;$9>AB?EGF N H q‰9 H L I ?@N F = E =?H S[?F S[9 H4j+EGH ?sAB?EGF N Hmj 9T;$9"Ps9/9 j 9T;$?@AB?DC EGF =ONYPž\RGLO;$9LAZN HVE q:=ON H =ON3NYP6AB9 HVE”I C 9 H U9 ›>E ;$9 p PQN 3 ¥%' N F NYP4AZN F ?QS/=ONYP4AB9 IKj+E•› ?H L9>P E Ÿ9 H S[9•9 j N F 9 H"› ?H ?p P@N j+E ;HM q“N H S[9 F = E A EGI1j PQNBS[9 I N F SVN E ABL\PQS EXj 9T;$9vNYPmœ ¤ ]%8 f“l C E SVN H N1JMLON


¢ £ 4 f œ F NYP\AB9 HVE =ON%LOS[?@P@?Q{Y9T;6L F AB9 IKj+E I 9TR F C©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢(£¦¥¨§SVNB; › 9>PE 1 3¢ §>§bH 3£ H ?@R I 9 H6HVE>p ;$NnPEGH 3 §#"§ £ H L\AZN HVEGH =ON UEGF = E/j ;[N › ?H S EGH E N F ;[NBRG?EGF N HšULNB;$9/=ONYP j P@9 FOE?F¢Y£ ¦ |0yX{rzT‚¡|&D}N|&){ }N|0„¡} zT{ "{ƒ~"{s¡ &v¡ £¨ ) [‚ }N|y‹Š‡ˆ{#¨ y| '%)|0z[}m† ‚¦| „Šy ¨ {ry[|0y[‡‹ † {{¦‡T{ z ){#D‡ˆ‚ ~[‘ o{ Ẍ†i¤jklonp!"y ¢Ž u‘ {…~[y?„¡}~¡m‚¡|0y?„Fy € yX„¡} „Š{ƒ~?„Šy ¢ ¢!‘ o{ Ẍ†y:y[|0y[‡‹ †¤ ) † |&yT{'„¡}~[zT‚¡|&D}N|&){…~[‚¦| ¨ {¦~ y ¨ ‡ˆ{%m‚¨ {Šz[} ‚¦|&y ~ "m{¦~"{ E =ON I N FOE ;š?F SVN FH ?@=\9>=-q H NnRG9 F 9/N H S[9>=|C QH S[?sAB9"N F P@9/{ EGF 9NBS[?@AL p U )N¦–=ONYPN HVj NYAZSV; E q69>L F JMLON—P@9o;[N HVE P@LAB?DC EGF N F NB;[RyC NBS[?@AB9 H Nc=ONBSVNB;$?E ;$9aL FU9>AZS E ; -‘j 9T;$9aP@9 H ABLON F S[9 HHE>p SVN F ?@=9 Hxj+E ; NYPy` MP@?Q{Y9>= E L F 9 H ?I LP@9>AB?DC EGF =ONYP UEGF = Ej 9T;$9¥%' HBf œiP =ON j ; E S EGF N Hwµ = · S[?QN F N•N F]F S[9—P@9 IKE =\LP@9>AB?YC EGF R>N EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@AB9 f 8 EGH ;z9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9—=?UL H[EGH NZ˜MSV;z9TRG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A EGH/H N3Ÿ9 FoH ?I LP@9>= E =ONABLNE 9 µ >T·f 8 EGH ;[N H LPQS[9>= EGH)H N I LON H SV;$9 F q R L F S E A EGF Ps9vN H S[9>=:C QH S[?@AB9=ONKP@9 H Ntu F 9>Pq“N F P@9vS[9 p P@9 ¦Mf f œ H9>ABLNB;$=SVNB;[N H 9 F SVNAB9T;_JtLON N F N H S EGH AB9 HVEGH =ON/N I ?H ?YC EGF—j L F S[L9>P I LOWc?F SVN FH 9KW p ;$N › N>q\N H j+EGH ?p PQN_;[NYP@9 R 9T;?FA E ;[SVN H N Fep LON F 9 I NY=?@=9¨qr?F ABP@L H[E”I C 9 H 9>P@PYC 9o=ON—PEGH A E ;$SVN H3j 9T;$9 ULN F SVN HBf5M N—N H S[9 I 9 F NB;$9¨qmA EGF NYPPEGH¤ ])8 H C E PEbH N)Ÿ9/;$NY9>P@?Q{Y9>= E P@9 j ;$N H NYPQNYABAB?YC EGF W1PEGH A E ;[SVN H =ON j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 F NYLOSV;$9¨q I ?QN F SV;$9 H JMLON%N F NYP-` M qœj ;$N H NYPQNYABAB?YC EGF N H3H LOž\AB?QN F SVN 3› NB;3AB9 j C QS[LPE E f œ F 9>L H N F AB?@9o=ON?FOUŒE ; I 9>AB?YC EGF NZ˜MSVNB; F 9 H[E>p ;[NNYP¥%')qPs99>P@?H ?H ¤£J [L j LONY=ON1=N H ABL p ;$?@;)N H S[9>P@P@?@= EGH =N1N H SVNvS[?j“E•H ? H Nv=ONBSVNYAZS[9 FI CNYPš9 F C9 H =N U -•UŒE S EGF N H N F L F9>AZS[?@A E W—PQN RVEGH =ON ULON F SVN H ?F SVN FH 9 HBf"9>PYCH N Ÿ9>AZNbL HVE =ONYP+N H[j NYAZSV; E =?UNB;[N F AB?@9>P+Nb?F SVNBR>;z9>= E 3ª¦¥ E N F N F NB;[RC`¨?9>= EGḦ j+E ;nœ,&%nœ µd ·¥ ›Q9K=ONYP ¥%'I NY=?E =ON/PEGḦ E>p\H NB; Uª¨§3~¬ E ¥ £¥•¬ ®-±D E a®\¯ - ®-± 3¦Mf EN E>p S[?@N F NvJMLON1N H S[9T;DC Q9 F 9>P p+E ;$=N1=ONvP@9•=NBSVNYAZS[9 p ?@P@?@=\9>=-q:A EGF L F F C L I NB; E =ON UŒE S EGF N H N H S[?I 9>= E =ONH


3ŒN F AB9 HVE =ON E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?YC ¿$V9 Ibp ? C P@9 H AB9 F S[?@=9>=N H Ÿ\9>P@P@9>=9 HBf œšPrAB9TSC 9>PE R EcI N F AB?EGF 9>= EXH N3A EGIKj+EGF Nb=NYP H L p A EGF6R L F S E =ONp\H NB; › 9 UQ. … § £ ¨ ¨ #&% £ %¡ £ #&% m ¦ ¢ ¢Y£ =¡GRB910503GRB910503Flujo(>E) m -2 s -131<strong>02</strong>10Prediccion B=0.16 ToInci<strong>de</strong>ncia 0Flujo(>E) m -2 s -131<strong>02</strong>10Prediccion B=0.86 ToInci<strong>de</strong>ncia 0101011-110-110-210-210-310-110 1 10Energia (GeV)-310-110 1 10Energia (GeV)GRB910503GRB910503Flujo(>E) m -2 s -131<strong>02</strong>10Prediccion B=0.86 ToInci<strong>de</strong>ncia 15Flujo(>E) m -2 s -131<strong>02</strong>10Prediccion B=0.86 ToInci<strong>de</strong>ncia 30101011-110-110-210-210-310-110 1 10Energia (GeV)-310-110 1 10Energia (GeV)s¡ v © ‡TyT„¡} zXz} ‚¡|0y~ {¦‡T{$ w ¢ ¡!m{¡‡ˆ{¨ {P‚~y[‡"¦{Šz[}m† ‚¦| „Fy©¨ y~¡myXz ‡T‚ (y ¢ „Šy)| ~ }N€…}¨ {¦‡?{ § ¥#$i¤jklonp)y[‡ˆ„Š‚:{(Ž u‘*¢ y € )y ~"D‡ˆ{¦|'„¦}~"D}N|& {ƒ~ zX‚¡| ¤o‹)‡ˆ{Fz} ‚¡|0y~ „Šy zT{¡€ ‚ €'{[‹Š|?† y } zX‚ ‰ † {¦|‹)*¨ ‚:zXy[|} {#¨m„Šy ¨"'y|¨† ‚¦€'y|&‚Š‘ {„Fy¤{Šz |0yX{:|&yD‹Š‡ˆ{…y ~ y ¨0y~¥yXz©D‡ˆ‚ ¢ ¢!"m{¦~% {¥ (y ¢$ ~[y‹)} „Š‚¨„Šy ¨ {…y ¨ ‡T{ ‚#¨ {Fz}m† |0yX{¨„¦}~[zX‚¦|}N|){©Š‘Ẍ†‚¡| "{ƒ~"{¥ !"y ¢ ¦ ¨T†EGF AZN F ?QS[9>P E fF1H N¨Ÿ9);[NY9>Ps?Q{Y9>= E L F 9)N H S[?I 9>AB?YC EGFKHVE>p ;[NxNYP F C L I NB; E =ON&%' H JMLON H N E>p\H NB; › 9T;\C 9 F N F ]_^o` U§ ¿N9>JML|Cj 9T;$S[?Q;¨=ONYP+AB9TSC 9>PE R E =ON ;$NBNYAZN µ¢ § ·f œšP j ; E AZNY=?I ?QN F S E3H NBRGL?s= EbULON j ; E>j LON H S E N Fµ¢>¢Z·|9>AZS[L9>P@?Q{|C 9 F = EGH N9N H[j NYAZSV;z9>PQN HBf œ F S E S[9>Pr¢Y£ ¦ &%(' H =N)PEGH ¿ §&=§-3E>p\H NB; › 9>= EGHj+E ;iNYPƒNZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S EOf `MN)Ÿ9Ps?@=9 j 9T;$91L F 9;$9 F”I 9DW E ;DC Q91=N/AB9 HVEGH ¥P@NBWXNj+E ;[S[9 I ?QN F S E N F”UŒE ; I 9X=ONbP@NBW—=N j+E SVN F AB?@9 H%j 9T;$9vNYP ° L RVE¡ 3~¬ E =ONYP 9 #ƒCuLƒ@`_M =ONYPb&%(')q“=ONABLONB;$= E 9E ¥ ) ¬ xNZ˜ j 3 $ ¬=\9 &%' f=F NnP@9 ° LON F AB?@9 3ŒN F NB;[Rt³…A I ¯ E =ON%AB9>=9&%(' j 9T;$9bP@9 p 9 F =9/=ON)9>PQS[9/N F NB;$RC Q9 3~¬ ± ;[¬ ¯E A EGI1E ¥`MN%=ONBž ¥2¬ 3~¬ E ©t¬ 3¦Mf£ E; E SV; E P@9>= E q>P@9)NZ˜ j ;[N H ?YC EGF =NYP F C L I NB; E_j ; EGI NY=?E =ON UE S EGF N H =ONBSVNYAZS[9>= EGHšj“E ;4]_^o`3N F =?@A$Ÿ\9 p 9 F =9yEN H ¥ ¥ 2'.3~¬ E 3~¬ E ©t¬3¦Mfg¦ EH ?QN F = E 3~¬ E P@919>AZN j S[9 F AB?@9 f `¨? H N/;[NY9>P@?@{Y9KNYP|A E AB?QN F SVNp SVN F NB;' ¨ q


EGF =ON =H ³…9ƒu ¥%'` M=?Q;[NYABAB?EGF 9>P ¿>£G³M¢>¢> § ³ § § ³ §¡=\?Q;[NYABAB?EGF 9>P¤3 ¢Y£ 4 E ¿>£G³ d!- § ³ § § ³ §¡¡ =\?Q;[NYABAB?EGF 9>P¤3 § 4 E ¿¨¢D³ § § ³ § § ³ §¡ §¢ ¤§¦©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢(£¦¥¨§9>PE R EOfCM N3N H SVN IKE = EXH N3NYP@?I ?F 9KP@9A EGFH S[9 F SVN1=ON j ; E6U¡ §£¢ ¥¤§¦ ¡ §¢ ¤§¦¢Y£*>p¢¡¤£ p s¡ &v ¢ ~"{F„† „Fy©¨£ § ¥ { ƒ{¡‡ } ‚ƒ~ † {¦|6‹)*¨ ‚¦~ „Fÿ }N|0z[} „Šy[|0z[} {=‰7¦{¦‡ } ‚¦~‚¦|$w ~"D} zT{‚{¨ „Fy¨ {!~ }N€C)*¨ {Šz[}m†‚ƒ~!„Fy7zT‚¡‡"y~[‘ ¢"y[‡ y¨ ‚{¦‡ˆ{ ¨ { „Šy¥¤x|"} z}m† ‚¡| „Šy ¨ ‚¦~ zX‚¦‡" y ~ €’† |}N€'‚ƒ~[‘o‚ƒ~!zX‚¡‡"y~!{Š„¡} z} ‚¡|0{#¨ y ~ ~")§m‚¡|0y[| ¨ {zX‚¡|¥")|&} ¦{Šz[}m† ‚¦| „Šy ‚B„F‚ƒ~…{ ¤ )y ¨¨ ‚ƒ~…„Fy ~[z[‡ }‚¦~…y| y özX{ †)*D}¨ ¥)*¨ ‚¥‘EGF ¥%' d ¢ § £ § L EGF = E1j L EGF = E©¨3``MNYP@NYABAB?YCM ³…œ ¤ ])8 E 3` M ³…œ ¤ ])8 E 3` M ³…œ ¤ ])8 EE ;$SVN H ULON F SVN H ¿*>G³M¢Y¿ ¢>¢D³ ¦ § ³ §¤¤;[SVN H S E S[9>PQN H ¢ - ³ = ¢ § ³M¢ § ³ §E¤ E ;$SVN H ULON F SVN H¤ E ;$SVN H ULON F SVN H¤ E ;$SVN H ULON F SVN HEGFE AB?@= EGH PEGHnj 9T;ƒC 9 I NBSV; EGH ¤ ; ¦ ;[¬ ² W =ONYPmAB9TSCA;$AB?EGF 9>P@?@=9>==ON H A EGFE AB?@=\9 ) =N P@93NYABL9>AB?YC EGFw¦Mf -Ofj+EH SVNKA-C 9>P@ABLPE—H N3Ÿ\9v;[NY9>Ps?Q{Y9>= E—j 9T;$9S E = EGH PEGH &%' H =ONYPmAB9TSC 9>PE R E =ON ;[NBNYAZN f `xC E PE 9>JMLONYP@PEGH &%(' HœE q H NbA EGFH ?s=ONB;$9 F NYP F CA EGF ' ¨ ¿ H L j NB;$9 F NYPrA E ;$SVN3=N3£ H ?QR I 9 H q“=ON39>ABLONB;$= E 9>P UŒEGF = E =ON j ; E S EGF N H N HVj NB;$9>= EXj 9T;$9—L F> §1H NBRGL F = EGHBfH LAZN HVE =ON 3¡ §£¢ ¥¤§¦¡ §£¢ ¥¤§¦9>PI N F SVN>q j 9T;$9 E>p SVN F NB;KP@9”N H S[?I 9>AB?YC EGF =ON—P@9”S[9 H 9o9 F L9>Px=ON &%' Hp\H NB; › 9>= EGH N F NYPxœ ¤ ])8 ELr?FL I NB; E =ON =ONBSVNYABAB?EGF N H =ON &%(' H =ONYPyAB9TSCNYPm` M3 ¨©£¦9>PE R E ';[N”P@9 =LO;$9>AB?YC EGF S E S[9>P)=ONYPnNZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S E 'x] `¨œnqšW’=ON HVj LiC N HvH N I LPQS[?j P@?@AB9 j+E ;1NYPnA E AB?QN F SVNw=ONwPEGHH[E>pAB9 I1j“EGH › ?H L9>PQN H =ON/]_^o`cW=\?@A$Ÿ E NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S E ¥¥'3¦Mf = E¨©£¦£ ¤£ ¤£ ¤H[j NYAZS[?› 9 I N F SVN f œ H S E =93A EGIKE ;[N H LP@S[9>= E L F 9 N H S[?I 9>AB?YC EGF =ON §¨f = &%(' H ³…9\u FOE N F NYP-œ ¤ ]%8aW—¿ f§;[N" 9\u FOEGH W•NYPyA E AB?QN F SVN j 9T;$9Xœ ¤ ])8eW¥‹£ ' 7 `?]$5_+5_‹.=\ /!


zX‚¡| w ¢5 ¦‘-¢ y…zX‚¡|m~ } „Šy[‡ˆ{7)|0{ y ¨©m‚¦~X} z[}m†galprop_shift_11Entries 27360Mean x 3.39Mean y 0.1171RMS x 85.53RMS y 3.9770 … § £ ¨ ¨ #&% £ %¡ £ #&% % ¥ % ¦Šƒ # ¨ ¤ B "£ § £ ¦Š`¨§¦ ¢Y£ d¡-2Simulated Galactic flux map 2**11 MeV (cm s -1 sr -1 MeV)0.250.20.150.10.05086Galactic Latitu<strong>de</strong>420-2-4-6-8-150 -100 -50 050100150Galactic Longitu<strong>de</strong>{%¦€C)*¨ } ¨ } zX{Š„Š‚ m‚¡‡ ¢£¢ ©=y¨ D‡ˆ{† „F‚=„Šys q&v w-{ {„Šy¡ ) [‚ ‚¦‡ )|} „F{Š„=„Fy † {¦‡ˆyX{#$ † {¡|‹)*¨ ‚!~x† ‚#¨ } „F‚7‰=y|&y‡‹ †i¤jklonp {!{ ¤y ¢ ‘{ ¨¨ {¡€ {F„Š{P~ }N€C)*¨ {Fz}m† ‚¡|$‚%5D}N€…} ¦{F„Š{7„Šy Ž u‘'¢ ~" y:€'{ {!y[| zX‚¡|0z[‡ˆy© ‚Py~?y©¨ „Šy ¨ {Py[|0y[‡‹ †¨Co<strong>un</strong>ts10080604<strong>02</strong>0086Galactic Latitu<strong>de</strong>420-2-4-6-8-150-100-50050100150Galactic Longitu<strong>de</strong>s¡ v w-{ {„ŠyPz©)y[|& {ƒ~?~ }N€ )*¨ {Š„F‚C{¦‡ˆ{ ¨ { ¦‚¡|0{ }N|& y[‡ |0{7„Šy¨ {%({¨ {¥¨F} {{=y[|0y[‡‹ † {ƒ~…~%)§y[‡ } ‚¦‡ˆy~ { ¤y ¢i¤jklonp„Šy ¥ { |0‚¦~:~y‹ † )| ¨ {P€ ‚„Šy ¨ } ¦{Šz[}m† ‚¦|„FyŒŽ u‘ o{P{¡|0z" )‡ˆ{!„ŠyC¨ ‚¦~[}N|0y~‚¦|„Fy…zX‚‚¦‡ˆ„Fy|&{Š„F{ƒ~¨y~I„Šy¦=>¨Š‘np s©¨v )|0z[}m† ‚¦| „Šÿ „¦}~¡my[‡X~ }m† ‚¦| 5)|¥){¨¦ © ¢ ©P„Šy Ä¢! ¢ {' (y ¢‘i¤jkl


SV; E ;[N H LP@S[9>= E =N%N H SVN"N H S[L=?E N H NYP+9 F C)¢ § )N¦– E W j 9T;$9—;[NBRG?EGF N H NZ˜¨SVNB;$?E ;$N H q I C3Q H N_Ÿ9>AZNnN › ?@=ON F SVNs&v © ‡TyT„¡} zXz} ‚¡|0y~ {¦‡ˆ{ y ¨(y ~¡yTz D‡ˆ‚ „Šy7‡T{¦‰Š‚ƒ~'‹F{¡€…€'{ „Šy¨ { ¤{#¨ { ¨Š} {#$ ~y‹ † )|ry ¨ € ‚„Šy ¨ ‚ ¢ ‚ }N€¨} ¦{Š„F‚ ¤i¤jklonp¢5‡ˆ‚¡|‹ y©…{¨ ‘(Ž ˆ $IzX‚¦| ¨ {ƒ~ 0‡ˆyX„¡} zTz[} ‚¦|&y ~{¦‡T{ w ¢ ¡ ‰ ¨ ‚¦~ ‡ˆy~")*¨ {Š„Š‚¦~-„Šy ¢ ¢! Ž ‘ ¨(€ ‚„Šy ¨ ‚ $:~[y„Fy¦T§ ¢(£¦¥¨§ ©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢9>P@?H ?H =ONYP“N HVj NYAZSV; E =ON_;$9DW EGH RG9 I1I 9K?F AB?@=ON F SVN HVE>p ;[N)]_^a`“qH N E>p\H NB; › 9c9c9>PQS[9 H N F NB;$RCH 9>P@PDC 9=N1PEGH ;[N H LP@S[9>= EGH =ON 99T;$9/= EGH ;[NBRG?EGF N H =?UNB;[N F AB?@9>=9 H =NnP@9 _9>Ps9…˜¨?@9 3ŒžRGLO;$9 ¦Mf > E f 8:9 A EGF SV;$?p LAB?YC EGF1I C 9 H ?IKj+E ;[S[9 F SVNn=ON%])^a`jQ9 H 3¡œ,&%nœ "f 9T;$9nN H SVNi;z9 F R E =ONšN F NB;[RCH NšŸ9 F E>p SVN F ?@= E 9>=ON I C 9 H PEGH|j NB;[ž\P@N H =ONi?F SVN FH ?s=9>=_N HVj NB;$9>= EGH A EGFQ9¨qj ; E =LABAB?YC EGF =ON j ?EGF N H W>q j+E ;%S[9 F S E q:P@9=?H SV;$?p LAB?DC EGF =ON3RG9 H N H NYPmA EGF SV;$?p LOW>N F SVN j ;$?F AB?j 9>P:9—P@9JMLON3P@9L1NB;[; E ;N H S[9>=|C QH S[?@A E q‰N FXUL F AB?YC EGF =N%P@9/Ps9TS[?QS[L=1W1PEGF RG?QS[L=KRG9>PDC 9>AZS[?@AB9 3Œž\RGLO;$9 ¦Mfgd E f ])JtL:CHI ?H ?YC EGF RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@AB9—=?UL H 9 f Ò?F N Ibp 9T;[R E q-=ON39>ABLONB;$= E 9 µ¢ ¦ ·q“Ps9vN I ?H ?YC EGF•j+E ; ¤ EGIKj S EGF ?Ft› NB; HVE—H N3Ÿ9>AZNNEspectro <strong>de</strong>l plano galactico: -5


£ ;6575L¡C@B;= =N I 9TSVNB;z?@9 ¥¢ -¤²¡© ¡ § … § £ ¨ ¨ #&% m £ % £ # % £ % ©¨ £ ¦F £ ¢ ¦ ¢)-1s-1sr-2Intensity (cm0.90.80.70.60.5-6×10Latitu<strong>de</strong> range: -5p SVN F NB;NYP ° L R E N H[j NB;z9>= E =ON UŒE S EGF N H qN HvF NYAZN H 9T;$?E A EGI p ?F 9T;vP@9 HXH NYABAB?EGF N H NBž\AB9>AZN H W’P@9 HN H =ON =ON H ?F SVNBR>;$9>AB?DC EGFKE>p SVN F ?@=\9 Hmj 9T;$9_NYPAB9 F =\?@=9TS E 9 I 9TSVNB;$?s9 EGH ABLO;$9¨qGA EGF P@9_=ON FH ?s=9>= j ;[NY=?@AzŸ9U;$9>ABAB?EGF £ ¿¢¯ ¯ ¤ 3 § E © 3¦Mfgd EN F NYP|AZN F SV; E =ON/P@9"9>P@9…˜¨?s9¨¥


¥¤ 3Œ; E N H P@9K=?H SV;$?p L\AB?YC²3 )N¦–/³…A I ¤ E §¨f §¨f - §¨f3 @Mj A E ¿ § - ¿*>¢ ¢ ¢ f£¨l L ¢ ¢ ¢¤¿ ¿ ¢ f£¤² ¦T§ ¢>¢Y£ ¢ = £ ¢ §>§>§ §>§¯± ¢M NYP6N H S[L=\?E =ON1P@9 ¨„ Œº ‰ˆ9TžƒAB9 H A E ;[;$N HVj+EGF =ON F 9ePEGH1j NB;[ž\P@N HKl L N H SC 9 F =9T;W l L UU¦ ¿ ¢(£¦¥¨§ ©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢p s¡ v ©({¦‡x† {¡€ y ‡T‚ƒ~I„ŠyC¨ {!yTz ){Šz[}m† ‚¦| ¡‘7„Šy ¨ ‚¦~ €'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~…„Fÿ „Fy|~ } „Š{Š„7)6~[{Š„F‚ƒ~[‘p¢¡¤£9 I NBSV; E l L UN H SC 9 F =9T; l L U9>AZN F S[L9>= E ^ EtE ;[N9T;\C²3 @Mj A E > > f£ >p s q&v ©({¦‡x† {¡€ y ‡T‚ƒ~'€ ¢¡ c„Fy ¦{¦‡ } ‚¦~ €'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ƒ~…ŽD u $ ¨ {¦~¨€'{ƒ~[{¦~ ‰„Fy|~X} „F{Š„Fy ~ „Fy©ä|&y©)*D‡ˆ{¨ }N|0‚£¢ „Šy y[‡"p¢¡¤£y[|-Ž X¨‰ ¨ {ƒ~0‡Ty©}~ } ‚¦|0y~Py| |¨† )€'y‡ˆ‚=„Fy '‚‚¡|0y~‚¦‡ {¡|} ¤ )}¨ {Šz[}m† ‚¦| „Šy |0y )*‡ˆ{¨ }N|0‚¦~'y[| y ¨ zTy[|&D‡ˆ‚„Fy ¨ {€¨}N|0{F„Š{¦~{¥¨F} {%¦ m{¡‡ˆ{ )| y[‡ } ‚B„F‚„Šy D‡ˆy~…{ |0‚¦~ ©Š‘£¢&y'y~¡my[‡ˆ{¦|„Fy©ä‚¦‡ˆ„Fy|„Fy§ '‚# ‚¦|0y~¨„Fy'y ~" {'%)y[|& y 5)|¥){¨ $ zX‚¦|y ¨¤{¨¢ ! ¢…‘E =ONYPE < 4 ¤ ¦ ^¤ d > f ¢Y£ fg¦ ¢ - f§ £ = ¢ f£ ¢> =tf¿¤¦¥ ¯ §¨f¢Y¿ §¨f¢Y¿ §¨f¢Y¿ §¨f¢>¢ §¨f¢ §¿>£ § = £ >£ § ¢¡ §>§ - £ §F ¦ ¢ § ¿ § >£ >£ £ §S[9?QR F 3¨§ E ¡ ¡ ¡ U ¡3 © E ¢Y¿>£ ¢Y¿ - ¢Y¿ ¢>¢> ¢Y¿>¿H9 F =9T; §¨f¿>¿ §¨f¢ - §¨fgd!- §¨f >£ ¿ f - >UN H SC^ EtE ;[N ¿ ¦Mf - ¢ =tf¢ ¢>¢ =tf - f = §GdMfgdl L U9>AZN F S[L9>= E dMf¿ ¦Mf§ -G§¨f > ¢Y£ f¿ ¢ §&=tf >= EGF =ON ¤ N H P@9 I 9 H 9 =ONYPnAB9 F =?@=9TS E 9 I 9TSVNB;z?@9 EGH ABL;$9 £ ¢ £ N H Ps9S[9 H 9e=ONw9 F ?sJtL?sP@9>AB?EGF N H; EGI NY=?E =ONYPMAB9 F 9>P¨JtLON j ; E =LAZNP@9%;$9>=?@9>AB?YC EGF RG9 I1I 9 £ nNYP F C L I NB; E S E S[9>PO=N UŒE S EGF N Hmj+E ;r9 F ?@JtL\?@P@9>AB?YCjEGF£RG9>Ps9>AZS E AƒC N F SV;$?@AB9=ON I 9TSVNB;$?s9 f EGF° L RVE H[E>p ;[N3P@91;[NBRG?DC EGF 9 F RGL\P@9T;£ =9>=\9 j+E ;)Ps91;[N HVE PsLAB?YC EGF =ONYP:=ONBSVNYAZS E ;Dq H NPšAZN F SV; E RG9>PYC 9>AZS[?@A E WaPs9c9>AZN j S[9 F AB?@9w9c;$9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9cN FUL F AB?YC EGF =NvP@9—N F NB;[RC Q9¨q:9NZ˜› C N H =ONYP H[E>US 9T;[N1=N= E N H L FwF C L I NB; E =ON UE S EGF N H 9>Pr9ƒu FOE q-JMLON H N= E =ON3P@9 I ?H[I 9 ULON F SVN f œ F P@9XS[9 p P@9 ¦Mf£ H N I LON H SV;$9NYP F C L I NB; E =ON UE S EGF N H N H[j NB;z9>= EGHNYP9T;$9 › 9T;z?EGH IKE =ONYPEGH I `¨´&¥%n]‹=ON";[N UNB;[N F AB?@93H NBRxC L F µ¿ § · E W—PEGH SV;$N Ḧ j NB;[ž\PQN H =ON/=N FH ?@=9>=—L H 9>= EGHBfj8:9ž\RGLO;$9 ¦Mf¢ § ;[N j ;$N H N F S[9ePEGH1° L R EGH ?F SVNBR>;$9>= EGH =ONwL F 9‘R>;$9 FI LON H SV;$9 =ON IKE =ONYPEGH 9 j 9T;[S[?Q;=ONF NB;[RC Q9 L I p ;$9>P =ONo])^a` f 8y9 H R>;\CPs9‘NF S[L9>= E qrN FeUL F AB?YC EGF =ONvPs9 I 9 H 9w=ONYPšAB9 F =?@=9TS E 9 I 9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9 ¤ f `MN H L j NB; j“EGF NAZNH ?YC EGF—j 9T;$9KL F 9 H Ntu F 9>P|=ONP mf NZÕABP@L/! /! \¤_+0=df\i'F 9>P@?Q{Y9>= E P@9 E>p\H NB; › 9 p ?@P@?@=9>=—=ON › 9T;z?EGH AB9 HVEGH =ONb?F SVNB;¨C N H N F 9 H SV; EGFOEGI C Q9v=ON/;z9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9=ON`MNbŸ9v9H N F NB;[RC Q9 H A EGF ]_^o` U§ ¿Mq“A EGF PEGHnH ?QRGL?QN F SVN H ;[N H L\PQS[9>= EGH ¥9>P@S[9.yŒºY†\Šy† Šy^U/MŒ† H N E>p S[?QN F N1JMLONv]_^a` U§ ¿ H NB;\C 9”AB9 j 9T{v=ON1=?H S[?F&U€ƒ}


£¢ % Šm % ¢ ¦&%' H 9>P|9\uE =ON%S[?j+E l L 9>AZS[?sAN F”IKE =ONYPEGH ]_^a`#'£W £ 9>P@LO{Y9 U £/PQNY?F-f)N¦–¥¨zX‚¡€ ‚9 F RGLPEGH AZN F ?QS[9>PQN H 1Œ‡G€ y†º¦+D† ¨}:M‚…¹rˆ *†º’ºŠ. 6t‚ Œ€\‚…tº’† 3 ¿ § Y U q†‡m+¢9>AZS[?@A E =N‘S[?j+<strong>El</strong> L z )*¨ {msut¡ &v ¢ ¨ ) [‚‹{¦€¨€ {}N|& yD‹Š‡ˆ{F„Š‚„Fy©¨ŒzXy[|&D‡ˆ‚ „Šy¨ { ¤{¨ {¥¨F} { y|'%)|&z}m† ‚¡| „Šy ¨ { €'{ƒ~[{„Fy ¨ { m{¡‡"¡†i¤jklonp{¦€'y©D‡ˆ‚ƒ~ € ¢¡ ¦>¦ ¢¡ £¢ ¢¥¦¦§¦ © >¦ ¢¤ ¦¥¨§¢¢ ¤¦§¦ © ¦= ¢zX{¡|0„¦} „F{# { $ {¦‡ˆ{ ¢ )|¨€ )y~%D‡ˆyX‚ „Šy ¨my ~¡{Šz[} ‚I„Šy m{¡‡x†© ¢ © ¢ ©¦¦§¦ © ¢$K¢ ¤¦ © ¨ ‚ƒ~?€'‚B„Fy©¨ ‚¦~ „FyI‡Ty 'y[‡ˆy[|0z[} {=„Šy…€ ¢¡ „Šy~z[‡ } ‚ƒ~¨y[|7ŽD T )|-€'‚„Šy ¨ ‚ w ¢ zX‚¡| ¢ „Fy© y[‡ €…}N|&{Š„Š{Py| ŽD ¥T )|!€'‚B„Fy©¨ ‚¨{¨ ) ¦{#C¨ y[}N|zT‚¡|©¤‘ ©({¡‡ˆ{'y©¨0€ )y ~"D‡ˆyX‚?€C¢ !$"{¦|€'{¦‡TzT{F„Š‚!zT‚¡|-„¦}~"D}N|& ‚ƒ~?zT‚¨ ‚¦‡Ty ~ ~[y‹Œ† )|y ă{¨ ‚¦‡ ‚# {#¨1„Šy¨ {P„Fy|~ } „Š{Š„"! ¢&‡ˆyX„¦} z"m{Š‘ ¢ | ¨ { } ¦ ¤ )} y‡T„Š{ $£¨ {ƒ~~[y&‡ˆyX„¦} zXz[} ‚¦|0y~({¦‡ˆ{)| y[‡ ¤£¨ I{ƒ{¡‡ ‡ˆ‚# 1‡ˆy[| ¢$#{¦|&„Š{¡‡[‘ ¢ |¨ {P„Fy‡TyTz"m{#$x~[y "m{!{ ¨ } zX{Š„Š‚ )| y‡ ¤ ¨ %#"}ÿ y~%&†zX‚¦|¨ {P„Šy[|m~ } „F{Š„7{ŠzXy[|&¡){Š„Š{ "m{Fz} {7y özXy|‡ˆ‚ ¦ z )6~¡0‰©Š‘F SV;[NKPEGH"IKE =ONYPEGH =ON CuLƒ@_9 ƒq|A EGF P@9RGL?Q;_NH S[9>=|C QH S[?@AB91=ON/L F 9ƒu FE =ON"N I ?H ?YC N-G§ )N¦– fEGF qOA EGIKj PQNBS[9 F = E NYP-N HVj NYAZSV; E Ÿ\9 H S[91PEGH § $*† Šy .r} Y O Šr ¹ƒ‚Ž†\} ~}+D¨}yº ŒŠy†Š 3~A EGIKE &%' d ¢ § £ § E=O;ƒC 9 H NB;—N H S[L=?s9>= E A EGF =ONBS[9>P@P@N>q H ?nS[?QN F NaP@LORG9T;—9 Cj+EœšP Mº 6M‡+D‚…€ Šr †\+D† ¨}yt‚…¹rˆH S[9>=|C QH S[?@AB9AZN F S[L9>= E q H N†\‚ ‰ˆ €ƒ} Œ‡G†º f œ F NYP"AB9 HVE =ON‘L Fj NB;[ž\P)=ON‘=ON FH ?@=9>=ON H RG9>PYC=O;ƒC 9 F =ON H AB9T;[S[9T;/P@9XR>;$9 F‘I 9YW E ;ŽC Q9—=ONKPEGH_IKE =NYPEGH A EGF S[9 F 3 ¦ E 9>PQS E q+Ww9>P@RGL FOEGH =ON3PEGH_IKE =NYPEGHj+E=ON


¦!- ¢(£¦¥¨§ ©m¡ £¢ ¡ # ¨ #&% ¦ £ B #&% ¤Š§ © ¨§¦ £¢


· ^•NBNBRG9 F q¤ f NBSn9>Pf ]+ ¤ EGFU f ; E A f=- ¢ § 3 ¢ d>d = E -G§&=µd§ · ;[NBNYAZN>q % f MPf ] j à¢Y¿ ¦ 3¿ §>§>§ E ¢ dµ¢Ž· 'x9 F =-q MPf ] j - ¢¡ 3 ¢ d>d E ¿*>¨¢µ¢¡f£ `MN › ?@P@P@9¨q + f NBSw9>Pf ” L 9N[1; £oH 96M LAVJ [ C ” L ¦ [1JDK6Lƒ@BA¦L ; E A f>E ?F SwœiLO; E6U9¨qg^¡¡ ¤£¢¥¤¦©¨ ¤ ¡£¢· M 9>LORGŸONB;[S W>qOf £ f ½ 9T;z=?F ROq] f £ f ] j - £*> 3 ¢ d>d>¦ E ¿ = >µ¢% EGI 9 F ?q % f ‹f š9>=?QRG9T; E RGP@L-q + f] f ] j - *> 3 ¢ d>d £ E ¨¢ -µ¿Ž·Ž· =ON 9TR>NB;Dq ) f¤ f 'xLP@Pf] H SV; f` E A f + F =?s9 § 3¿ §>§ ¿ E >£µ- · `¨A$Ÿ F NY?@=-qœ fOf NBSn9>Pf ]"] ¿>£>£ 3 ¢ d>d ¿ E 8š¢¡µM ?F RGL H q ' f8 f NBSn9>Pf ](+ ¤ EGFOU f ; E A f §&= 3 ¢ d>d!- E ¿>¿µ£Ž·· ½ L;$PQNBW>q £ f ] H SV; E>j ŸtW H ?@A H 9 F =w` j 9>AZNb`¨AB?QN F AZN ¿ ¨¢m3 ¢ d>d £ E -G§µ¦= · ]nRGL\?@P@9T;Yqg^ f NBSn9>Pf Ÿ‰W HBf % N j:f ¦>¦ 3¿ §>§ ¿ E ¨¢µ>Ž· `M;[NBN @ L I 9T;Yq rf NBSn9>Pf] j -‰d!- 3 ¢ d>d > E £>¿µµ¢>¢ · ?Q; EGF q L f£M 9>?QR F N>q L f `¨9 RDR 9>=|q` f ]_^a` ‘E ; @MH Ÿ E>jKEGF ` E LO;$AZN H 9 F = &%(' H q>^ EGF S j NYPsP@?QNB;3¿ §>§ ¿ E ŸtSVS j ¥³>³ fPj S[9 fL F ?›UIKEGF S j ¿ fU; ³…9 I1H ³µ¢Y¿Ž· 9>AB?QN H 9 H q ‹f` f NBS%9>Pf ] j ò¢Y¿>¿ 3 ¢ d>d>d E -‰¦ £µ¢ - · ^ E PsPYCj NY9 F 9 F = l 9TS[?EGF 9>P¨] H SV; EGFOEGI Wb^•NBNBS[?F ROq.);$9 F 9>=9 f œi= f ` j ;$?F R>NB; 3¿ §>§N- E q‰9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿƒ³ §N- ¢>¢ ¦>dµ¢Y£Ž·`MSV; EGF ROq] f ‹f ^ EGH"@ 9>P@N FA@>E q + f – f ] j £ §Gd 3 ¢ d>d > E ¿¨¢Y¿¦ · `MSV; EGF ROq] f ‹fqƒ^ EGH©@ 9>PQN F@>E q + f – f %nNY?I NB;Yq ) f ] jX¦ ¢¡ 3¿ §>§N- E d>¦ ¿µ¢= · ½ L F SVNB;Yqƒ` f Mbf NBSn9>Pf ] j- >¨¢m3 ¢ d>d = E ¿ § £µ¢µ¢>Ž· 9>AzŸ E P @>E H"@ 9¨q] f£ `MN › ?sP@P@9¨q + f NBS 9>Pf Ÿ‰W HBf % N ›“f M =§- 3¿ §>§G¦ E § ¿ >£¨¢>Mq 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿƒ³ § £ § > -‰dd · 'x9T; p ?QNB;$?q % f£ LONB;[;$9T;z9¨q` f `¨9 ›>E W>q¤ f] f ŸtW HBf8:NBSVS f ' ¢Y¿ = 3 ¢ d >¿ E -µ¢§ · 'x9TSVS[9TRGP@?@9¨qg^ f NBSn9>Pf œiLO; f Ÿ‰W HBfOf ¤ 3¿ §>§N- E ¿ =µ¿· %n9 F =\9>P@Pq8 f `¨L F =O;$L I q % f¨l LABPf ŸtW HBf ' £>£ = 3 ¢ d>d>d E =Tdµ¿¨¢¤ ŸON F ROq½ f¤ f£ ^w9TS[A$ŸON › q £ f "f `¨AzŸ I 9>PQSV{>qg^ f Ÿ‰W HBf % N ›“f M ¦>¦ 3¿ §>§ ¿ E § ¦T§>§ £µ¿>¿Ž·¢ ¦ £


¦>¦ ¢¡£ ¢¤¥¡ ¢§¦ ¢I©¨ ¡ ¢Ž· ^ E ; E ?q "f£ %n9 F =9>P@Pq8 f¨l LABPf Ÿ‰W HBf ' £ =…§ 3¿ §>§>§ E - £>£µ¿µ¿ - · l 9 @ 9 F ?H Ÿ?q½ f ` E>ULN>q f; L p Pf ] H SV; EGFOEGI ?@AB9>P ` E AB?@NBSW E>U 9 j 9 F £>£ 3¿ §>§N- E ¢ d ¢ £E PsPYC 9¨qg^ f NBS%9>Pf 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿƒ³ §N- ¢>¢ ¦>d^µ¿>£Ž· ½ 9T;z=?F ROq] f £ f 9T; • ?› ¥9 H SV; E6Uj Ÿƒ³ §>§ ¢Y¿>¿ ¦ >


Q A EGIKE N H S[?I 9>AB?EGF N H%j ;[NYAB?H 9 H9T;[NY9 H N UNYAZS[?› 9 Hj ?@A E =ON_£ §>§ A I ¯ W §>§>§ A I ¯ j 9T;$9bNYP|` MA EGF S[?@R>N F AB?@9 E =ON I LN H SV;$91JMLONbPs919>AZN j S[9 F AB?@9 j 9T;$9KNYPm` M=N¿_N¦– E 9>L F JMLON/P@9K;$N HVE P@LAB?YC-Of3FOEGH =ON_N H S EGH ;[N H LPQS[9>= EGH Ÿ9 FcH ?@= EP@?s=9>= EGHxI NY=?@9 F SVN › 9T;z?@9 Hxj ;$LON p 9 H N F Ÿ9T{_N F 9>AZNYPQNB;$9>= E ;$N H]%PQRGLN FwIKEGI N F S EXj 9T;$9KNYPQNYAZSV; EGF N H N F NYPr` M¢ ¦ =¢¡ ¡¡ ¢¡ œ F N H SVNaSV;$9 p 9 RVE’H NoŸ\9 j ;$N H N F S[9>= E NYP ULOS[LO; E NZ˜ j NB;z?I N F S E ]_^o` U§ ¿ 3~9>Ÿ E ;$9N F Ps9 U9 H Naž F 9>P)=ONEGF\H SV;$LABAB?YC EGF E JMLON H N H ?QS[L9T;\C 9vN F P@9Xœ H S[9>AB?DC EGF œ HVj 9>AB?@9>P + F SVNB; F 9>AB?EGF 9>Pq\9 H CAH L H AB9 j 9>AB?@=9>=ON Hij 9T;$9 I NY=?Q;6;z9>=?@9>AB?YC EGF RG9 IvI 9 A-C EGH[I ?@AB9 f œ H S EbH NB;\C 9 j+EGH ?p PQNxR>;$9>AB?@9 H 9>P\L HVE =ON9>AZNB;zAB9b=ONEGH =ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H j+E ; H N j 9T;z9>= E q¨NYP-=ONBSVNYAZS E ;n=ON_SV;$9T{Y9 H =ON H ?@P@?@AB?E ` M 3~A EGF‰› NB; H ?YC EGF =ONYP“RG9 I1I 93N F L Fj 9T;=EGF&Uj+EGH ?QSV;\C EGF E WoNYP4AB9>PE ;DC QI NBSV; E NYPQNYAZSV; EGI 9TR F C NBS[?@A E œ ¤ ]%8 3~=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =\?Q;[NYAZS[9c=ONYP UŒE SC EGF E f œ F N H S[9NYP@NYAZSV;\CH ?H H N/Ÿ9vŸONYA$Ÿ E C N FU9 H ?H N F P@9 Ḧ j ;[N H S[9>AB?EGF N H =ONYP:` M= E3UL F =9 I N F S[9>PI N F SVN j 9T;$9KP@9 E>p\H NB; › 9>AB?DC EGF =ON";$9DW EGH A-C EGH[I ?@A EGH AB9T;[RG9>= EGH q`¨?N Ÿ9K=ON IKEGH SV;$9>= E JMLON j ;$N H N F S[9vL Fcp LON F ;$N F =?I ?@N F S E3j 9T;$9vP@9K=ONBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ON/;$9DW EGH RG9 I1I 91=ON I C 9 H =ONH¢¥)N¦– f ¤ EGF AZ;[NBS[9 I N F SVN>qON H S EKH N)SV;$9>=L\AZN)N F C¤ ])8 3ŒSV;$9 H A E ;[SVN H =N H NYPQNYABAB?YC EGF E q-L F 9X;[N HVE PsLAB?YC EGF N F NB;[RrC NBS[?@AB9 3 3~¬ E «…¬ E =NP@9…Õ?@9 f œšPiN H S[L=\?EoH ?I L\PQSC 9 F N E =NN H S[9 H Ntu F 9>PiA EGF Ps9w=ON E SV; EGH AB9 F 9>P@N H =ON=NBSVNYABAB?YC EGF =ON=N9TSVNB;$?@9 EGH ABLO;$9 3j“EGH ?QSV; EGF N H qM9 F S[?j ; E S EGF N H E q¨N H L FOE =ON)PEGH 9 HVj NYAZS EGHxI C 9 H› 9>P@?EGHVEGH =ONnN H SVN)NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EOfIH ?I ?H[IKE q H N_N HVj NB;$93=ONBSVNYAZS[9T;%=NYP E ;$=ON F =ON 3 ¿/$ &%' H ³…9ƒu FOE 93SV;z9 › C N H =ON/L F 9 F C]=\9TS EGHBf9>P@?H ?H ¤£J [L =ON"PEGHF ABL9 F S E 9)P@9nA EGIKj 9T;$9>AB?YC EGF A EGF NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EGHrH ?I ?sP@9T;[N H qYŸ9DW JMLONi=ON H S[9>AB9T;6JtLONiNZ˜¨?H SVN F =\?UNB;$N F AB?@9 HœNMu FOE—FOE S[9 p PQN H A EGF ;[N HVj NYAZS E 9 E SV; EGH NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S EGH NZ˜¨ABPsL H ?› 9 I N F SVN3=NY=?@AB9>= EGH 9cP@9—=ONBSVNYABAB?DC EGF =ON=N3=\?H;z9YW EGH RG9 I1I 9 f œ F SV;[NNYP@P@9 H qyP@9 E>j NB;$9>AB?YCWNYPxœ ¤ ]%8£=ON I 9 F NB;$9o?F =N j N F =?QN F SVN1A EGIKE = EGHEGF =ONYPx` ME ;[N H A EGF AB9 j 9>AB?@=9>= j ; E>j ?@9a=ON I NY=\?@=9a=ON•P@9aN F NB;$RC Q9aWPs9‘=?Q;[NYABAB?YC EGF|f ] H ?I ?H[IKE q4]_^o` U§ ¿ FOE=NBSVNYAZSNBN%AB9 j 9>AB?@=9>==ONn9 j L F S[9>= E WK9/;$9OC Q{%=ONnN H N)ŸONYA$Ÿ E A E>p ;$9 N HVj NYAB?@9>P?F SVNB;¨C N H NYPN H S[L\=?E =ON)P@9"NZ˜ j“EGH ?@AB?YC EGFj+EGH


¢ ¦ > ¢ ¦[u©¨ % Q L F 9c;[N UNB;[N F AB?@9 CE ; f ) SV;$9vN H P@919>L H N F AB?@91=N L Fc› NBS E =ON j 9T;$SYC QABLP@9 H AB9T;$RG9>=9 H q j LON H S E JMLON‘C N H S[9 H S[9 Ibp ? C N F Ÿ9 F=NYP|=ONBSVNYAZSI NY=\?Q; H N f œ H SVNC LP@S[?IKE j ; E>p PQN I 9 H N"Ÿ9= E JtLON H N_;[N H LONYP› N_A EGF L F 9 H N j 9T;$9>AB?YC EGFcI LOW1NBžƒAB9T{=NEGF =NYP6;[N H S E =ON=ONBSVNYAZS E ;[N H 3H ?@N F = E NYP % M=NYP UŒEGF = E 9 j 9T;[S[?@;b=ON—P@9”?FOUE ; I 9>AB?YCL FOE =ONXPEGHp 9 p ?@P@?@=\9>=1=ON"A EGF‰› NB; H ?YCWL F AB9 IKj+E3› ?H L9>P FOEKI LOW?H[IKEKE ;$=N F JtLN _8:]"` "f œiP|=?H NMu FE1FOEKE>j S[?I ?@{Y9>= E =ON ]_^o` j 9T;$9K;$9DW EGH RG9 IvI 9 H N A E>p ;$9 H L j ;[NYAB?EIEGFcj 9T;z9bNYP:` MF =ON N F NYPrœ ¤ ])8 f ]C L F 9 H C Qq\NYP;z9 qA EGF L F L I p ;$9>P-=ON"N F NB;[RC Q9 I C 9 H 9>PQS EOfœ,&%nœ;S E = E NYP@PE q6N Hvj+EGH ?p PQNcA EGF ABP@L?@;vJtLNw]_^o` U§ ¿ H NB;\C 9 NYP j ;z?I NB;1NZ˜ j NB;$?I N F S E JMLONw9 p 9T;zJtLONwA EGFyE;[NYAB?H ?YC EGF P@9 =ONBSVNYABAB?DC EGF =ON%;$9>=?@9>AB?DC EGF A-C EGH[I ?sAB9 AB9T;[RG9>=9==N U C QH ?@A EGH =N j 9T;[SYC QABLP@9 H A EGIKE 9 H SV; E>U C QH ?@A EGH N F A EGF SV;$9T;\C 9 F 9 H CPs9•AL F ?@AB9•9wP@9E ;$9b=N)9 p+E ;$=9T;xSVN I 9 H S[9>P@N H A EGIKE3p C L H JMLONY=9 H ?F =?@;[NYAZS[9 H =N I 9TSVNB;z?@9 EGH ABLO;$9bW1NYP“N H S[L=?E =ONYP E ;$?@R>N F WŸ; E>j 9TRG9>AB?YC EGF =N/PEGH ;$9DW EGH A-C EGH[I ?@A EGHBfj


¨ ¡ ¡ ¡¢ ¦>d


opk\hq gih5j`k:l2mnl,.=KU *-sD)"8,7*& =Kt!u$)1 =8$v=812,7*G=K+"8X"8


ƒzâ% ¢¡¤£¦¥¨§¢©£#"%$%&')(+*-,.'0/1*+23'545687"59:2;&454)= 67@?!


¡ §¢©£¢¤ §¢£¦¥@©¨§© - © ¥ £¢¡ ¥¥© 0©£ ¥ §¢£¥§ ƒzâ%_*G D)"8()=:U!1 J


ƒzâše ¢¡¤£¦¥¨§¢©£oRk hm5opk\q¢¡¤£bÑ\m5mnl5Õ+!7 *G68=`(0


¡ §¢©£¢¤ §¢£¦¥@©¨§© - © ¥ £¢¡ ¥¥© 0©£ ¥ §¢£¥§ ƒzâ%²D)!!()RD)+"¢!12"%F":"\


ƒzâ%Þ ¢¡¤£¦¥¨§¢©£ C . "8


¤¥¡§¦©¨ ¡£¢ØÙƒ€Ú(#12D)bTf07C"8


ƒzâ F ©¡ ©£ ¢ £¢ ©


°†"%1H"J()"%1/1 !$+D)! "¢"J?71 ;!n12!=K]"8,.!=81R(0L12,2d)"%F7=0fƒzâ


ƒF%Ý ¢¡¤£¤¥¢§¢©8 £ ¡ + £¢ 2;< '%79 * 4%= 687, '¥¤§¦©¨ '%7 /1* + +-, .'< '%(£6 , '+'/0>68"5< 4%= 68721


£ ¢ ¥ ¥@©¨§© ¡¡ § £ § ¥ ƒF}ƒ6C C [#La R(0,7*G1$ $\[ %U¦ aHfv~Ru"8,7D0712(0=V,.=KN]D)),7*z& =Ky(0"89¢3v=KC$+"%1+& "89:7!1 =Kf=8129uD)?=8!=K)`(07!,. "8(0=KQ$)1 =},.(0;!`(0(.+*+[#La C [#La 5-,/.0$\[ %U¦ a21 C %% T [ (Rfße;a[ % a6¦3=K


ƒ C ¥¤/p "8+(0=WD)X,7"89J3+*G=W(0L6%"%12*-"%3©


£ ¢ ¥ ¥@©¨§© ¡¡ § £ § ¥ ƒF8_(0=K)(0 $ [ % a ¡6%66* [ © a ƒ.C .I.I¡CIICC% #" C 5D QD$[ # Î %5[ % a£+[ %R¦ 4 ¦ na & % " %\5 , $ [ % a . [ % a6 66¦%¤6¦698[ % . a 4[ % a6¦%¤¤66698[ %X. aIROD)2"p$©"%12"¡ £¢ƒ7Ý fs"8()",.


ƒFPe ¢¡¤£¤¥¢§¢©8 £ " %\5 , $ [ % a*¢¥¤¥¦ %s[Áƒ ¨¢a!%.¦%% [ (pf‚%ÝUa"8),7*-"M!:,.=K0=},.\Z80712"8O712*G=81L(0Q D¼1


¤¥¡§¦©¨ ¡£¢(#=K

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!