UKUKHULA KOMFANA ESIZWENI SAMAZULU

UKUKHULA KOMFANAESIZWENI SAMAZULUNgu -MAGWEGWE ZEBLON MTHEMBU

UKUKHULA KOMFANAESIZWENI SAMAZULUNgu -MAGWEGWE ZEBLON MTHEMBULWETHULWA UKUFEZA IZIDINGO ZEQHUZULE -MASTER OF ARTSEMNYANGWENI WEZILlMI ZABOMDABUENYUNIVESITHI YAKWAZULUUMELULEKIINDAWOUSUKUUSOLWAZI Z.L.M. KHUMALOKWADLANGEZWAUMASINGANA 2006

ISIFUNGONgifunga ngiyagomela ukuthi:Ukukhula komfana esizweni samaZulu umsebenziocwaningwe yimi. Yonke imithombo yolwazi okuthekelwekuyo iveziwe ngokusemthethweni futhi 10 msebenzi awukazeulethwe kwesinye isizinda semfundo ngenhloso yokutholaiqhuzu.M.Z. MTHEMBU(i)

UMNIKELOLo msebenzi ngiwunikela ngenhliziyo emhlophe nangokukhuluukuzithoba kubazali bami asebalala ubuthongo bafuthi uShikinoSilungwini (Mary). Ngithi nalapho bekhona ababone izithelozembewu abashiya beyitshalile.(ii)

UKUBONGANgabe ngiyixoki eliphindaphindiwe uma ngingamethuleli isigqokouSolwazi u-Z.L.M. Khumalo ngokungicathulisa ezikhathini ezinzimangenkathi sidiliza 10 mthangala nokungiqwaqwada ngize ngiqonde.Ngithi kuye:Mntungwa!Mzilikazi!Ume nje.Ngibonga kakhulu kwisinqandamathe sami uZamanje uMaMbonambingokungihlala emagxalabeni, engigqugquzela lapho sengithandaukufadabala.Ngingelibale amachwane ami uNothando, uZamokuhle noWandileabahlale befisa sengathi ngingahlale ngiqhakazile.Ngingakhohlwa abafowethu abalandelayo uDokotela u-V.J.Mthembu, uDokotela u-R.S. Khumalo J.B. Nene, R. Bhengu, MW.Sibisi, nobaba uMnumzane N. Myeza ngokungiqoqa laphosengiphaphalaza. Ngibonga kugcwale umlomo kudadewethu uThokoMthembu ngokungilobela kahle 10 msebenzi ngemishini yabelungu.Okukhulu kunakho konke kuMvelinqangi ngokunginika amandlaokuthi ngenze 10 mzamo.(iii)

ISIFINYEZOLolu cwaningo lucubungula indlela umfana akhuliswa ngayo esizwenisamaZulu nokubaluleka kwakhe. Lubheka imikhutshana eyenziwakusukela ezalwa ekhula aze eluse, esenga, ebophela, ebuthwa azeabe insizwa lapho eseqomisa.Isahluko sokuqala sizokwethula ucwaningo nenhloso yalo.Kuzovezwa umklamo wocwaningo nendlela ezosetshenziswangenkathi kubhekenwe nalo mshikashika. Kuzokwenekwa umlandoomfishane ngendlela umfana akhuliswa ngayo esizwenisikaMalandela.Isahluko sesibili sizobheka kabanzi imikhutshana namasiko enziwamhlazane kuzelwe umntwana womfana. Kuzobhekwa amakhambiagezwa ngawo nezinyamazane ashunqiselwa ngazo. Ukubalulekakokugcotshwa ngebomvu nakho kuzobhekwa ngeso lokhozi.Luzobheka ngokubanzi umkhutshana wokuklekla, ukuphehla,ukusokwa luze lumgojele lapho esekhula.Isahluko sesithathu sizogxila lapho umfana eselusa noqeqeshoaluthola khona. Sizomqala phansi lapho esalusa izinkukhu, sinyukenaye eselusa izimbuzi, aye emvemveni, emankonyaneni, amatholeaze afike ezinkomeni. Izifundo ezitholakala ekwaluseni njengolwaziIwezilwane, izinyoni nemithi nakho kuzobhekwa. Imidlalo(iv)

enhlobonhlobo etholakala ekwaluseniukungcweka, ukudla iphaphu, nokuciba insema.esebuthwa nalapho eseba udibi.njengokubhukuda,Sizombheka laphoIsahluko sesine sizocubungula uqeqesho umfana aluthola ekhaya.Lapho kuzobhekwa ukusenga, ukuhlinza, ukuhlahlela, ukubophelaizinkabi, nokudipha. Indlela yokuvunula sizoyifakela iso laphoezofundiswa khona ukusika amabheshu nezinene. Ukugawulaizintingo umfana efundiswa ukwakha isibaya nakho kuzovezwa.Isahluko sesihlanu sizogxila lapho umfana esengene ebunsizweni,eseqomisa. Sizobheka izingqinamba nemikhutshana ephathelenenokuqomisa. Amakhambi asetshenziswayo ukuze insizwa ibe nogaziezintombini njengobulawu nakho kuzofakelwa iso. Eminyeimikhutshana eyenziwayo ukuzuza intombi njengokunqundaizimbangi ukuyiphonsa, ukuyithwala, ukukhuzela nemmye nakhokuzocutshungulwa. Umkhosi wokubonga indaba nawo ngekewabukelwa phansi.Isahluko sesithupha sizobe sesiyiphothula le mbenge bese sihlaziyalonke ucwaningo siveze namakhambi (izincomo).(v)

OKUQUKETHWEISIHLOKOIKHASI1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6ISAHLUKO SOKUQALAISETHULO SOCWANINGOIsingenisoInhloso yocwaningoIsizathu esenza kucwaningweUmklamo wocwaningoIndlela ezosetshenziswa uma kucwaningwaUmlando ofingqiwe ngokukhuliswa komfanaesizweni samaZulu118111516162.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.7ISAHLUKO SESIBILIIMIKHUBA EYENZIWA UMA KUKHULlSWAUMFANAIsingenisoUmkhuba owenziwa mhlazane ezelweUkugcoba ibomvuUkukleklaUkuphehlaUkusokwaUkukhula2020212427283034(vi)

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 UKWELUSA 413.1 Isingeniso 413.2 Ukwelusa izinkukhu 433.3 Ukwelusa izimbuzi 503.4 Ukwelusa imimvemve, amankonyane, amathole,amaguqa 553.5 Ukwelusa izinkomo 593.5.1 Ukungcweka nokweqhathwa 653.5.2 Izimo zemvelo nezilwane 673.5.3 Imidlalo yasekwaluseni 783.5.3.1 Ukubumba 803.5.3.2 Ukubumba izinkomo nokuziqhatha 813.5.3.3 Ukweqhatha izinkunzi 833.5.3.4 Ukudla iphaphu 883.5.3.5 Ukungcweka 913.5.3.6 Ukweqhathana 963.5.3.7 Ukuqhwagela 983.5.3.8 Iqanda lenjelwane 1013.5.3.9 Ukuciba insema 1033.5.3.10 Ukudlala emanzini 1063.5.3.10.1 Ukubhukuda 1073.5.3.10.2 Ukutshuza 1083.5.3.10.3 Ukushaya intiki 1103.5.3.10.4 Ukulwa emanzini 1103.5.3.10.5 Umdlalo wezingwenya 111(vii)

3.5.3.10.63.5.3.113.5.3.123.63.7Ukushaya idadamuUkuzingelaUkwelenyoniUkubuthwaUbudibi113114123124138ISAHLUKO SESINE4.0 UKUQEQESHWA KWASEKHAYA 1424.1 Isingeniso 1424.2 Ukusenga 1424.3 Ukuhlinza nokuhlahlela 1514.4 Ukudipha 1694.5 Ukubophela 1784.6 Ukusika amabheshu nezinene 1844.7 Ukugawula izintingo 1864.8 Ukwakha isibaya 1885.05.15.25.35.3.15.3.25.3.35.3.4ISAHLUKO SESIHLANUIMIKHUBA EPHATHELENE NOKUQOMISAIsingenisoIzingqinamba eziphathelene nokuqomisaImikhutshana ephathelene nokuqomisaUkusebenzisa ubulawuUkukhafulaIsimonyoIsigqabo(viii)191191200205207214216218

5.3.5 Ukuphosa 2215.3.5.1 Izizwe 2235.3.5.2 Isipoliyane 2305.4 Ukunqunda izimbangi 2335.5 Ukuthwala intombi 2365.6 Ukukhuzela 2405.7 Ukushikila 2455.8 Ukushaya inyoka endleleni 2485.9 Ukubuza kuqala 2505.10 Ukwedlulisa uthi lomzimba 2545.11 Ukuqonywa 2565.12 Ukubongaindaba 269ISAHLUKO SESITHUPHA6.0 ISIHLAZIYO NESIPHETHO 2776.1 Ukuhlaziywa kocwaningo 2776.2 Izincomo 2976.3 Isiphetho 300IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI304(ix)

ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANINGO1.1 IsingeoisoUkukhula komntwana esizweni samaZulu kudlula amabanga amaningi anduba abeumuntu ophe1e1e.Yile10 nalelo banga libamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhuliseniimpilo yomntwana aze aphelele ebuntwini bakhe. Vma umuntu esewanqobe ouke lamabanga, uye abe esethatha igxathu elibalulekile empilweni yakhe, lelo elokugananoma lokuganwa. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1925:249) lapho ethi khona:Ukugana nokuganwa kungukuphelela kwalawo mabangaokukhula. Ongaganiwe kakapheleli ebuntwini, ngesikoowesilisa waziwa ngokuthi ungumfana kungakhathalekinoma eseneminyaka emingaki yobudala futhi ngeke ahIalaebandla aphendulane namadoda ngisho angaze abe mpungaekhanda. Ngolrunjalo owesifazane ongendangauyintombazane aze afe, angeke ahIale esithebeninamakhosikazi, ngeke asike ivenge kanye nawo.Lokhu kubuye kunanelwe uNyembezi, (1953:205) lapho uVusi eseqede isikoleesefuna ukuthatha igxathu elilande1ayo kanje:UVusi wabona ukuthi into esemqoka wukuba aganwe.Wabona ukuthi kuyoba lukhuni ukuphelelisa izifiso zakheuma engenaye umuntu azobambisana naye. Kutheesezanelisile ukuthi akekho omunye ongamgculisanjengoJabulile wazibika kuye.Ziningi izithe10 zokuganana ezinhle kodwa okuyizona eziyinhlosongqangi ukutholaabantwana.Lokhu kuwukulande1a umyalo oNgcwele oseBhayibhelini, encwadinikaGenesise, (1:28) 1apho uMvelingqangi ethi khona:1

Zalanani, nande, nigcwalise umhlaba, niwunqobe, nibusephezu kwezinhlanzi zolwandle, nezinyoni zezulu,nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni.Lokhu kuphinde kunanelwe uNyembezi, (1975:249) uma ethi:Ukubaluleka ngokugana kunqonqoselwa kubantwanakusukela beqala ukubona izinto, kuthi uma kuzelwe umfanakuthiwe uyotholela unina umalokazana, umakuyintombazane kuthiwe izinkomo zikayise.Uma kuzelwe umntwana ekhaya, kuba khona intokozo engechazwe.OmamabayakikiziI, kugiywe kube njeya.NgesiZulu kuthiwa ukuzal' ukuzelula amadolo,kuphindwe kuthiwe ukuzal' ukuzilungiselela noma ukuzal' ukwanda ngamazwani.Zonke lezi Zllga zichaza ngokusobala ukuthi ukufika komntwana kuxegisela abazaliimisebenzi eminingi ekade beyenza ngoba eminye yawo isizokwenziwa abantwana.UKrige, (1950:61) nkubeka kucace bha ukubaluleka kokufika komntwana umakuganenwe lapho ethi:The birth ofa child is important, not only as the advent ofthe individual into society, but as marking a further stagein the lives of its parents. The first child is especiallyimportant, for no marriage is considered complete before achild has been born.Owesifazane ongabatholi abantwana usuke ebhekwe isambane.Isaga samaBhunuesithi:Gaan slaap onder die piesangs boom.savela ngokuthi uma intombi igana kutshalwa isithombo sikabhananaKumele ukuthiuma sesithela nomfazi abelethe.Uma lokho kungenzeki kuthiwa akayolala phansikwaso leso siblahla.2

UShabangu, (1996:11) uveza uMaMthembu ebalisa ngokungatholi abantwana,aphinde amveze esethokoza ngenkathi intombazane yimbe imshiya nomntwana:UMaMthembu waze walapha eGoli nje washiya elakubo1aseNtshongweni, kwakungenxa yokungatholi bantwanaemuva kokuba eseqede iminyaka emihlanu eganile.Indoda yakhe uMabuza osewafa njengoba iqala le ndaba,wamkhuphula ukuze bazame ngakodokotela bakulelidolobha, bashintshe nomoya wendawo yakubo hlezeumkhuba usekhaya kubathakathi bezwe lakubo.Akuphelanga sikhathi esingakanani uMaMthembu efikileeGoli yashona indoda yakhe. Eqinisweni uvalo Iwamshaya1wameqa uMaMthembu lapho evelelwa yile ndabayokugidlabezwa ngomntwana Pho-ke uvalo lungeminyeyemizwa eza ngomfutho omkhulu kodwa nokho lisheshelidume 1ed1ule. Le ntombazane yamthola 10 mntwanaingamfuni. Kodwa-ke yena uyamfuna engenakumtholaKungathini-ke ukuthi esephiwe 10 mntwana abuyeamlahle? 10 mcabango wamenza wazimisela ukubaazikhulisele 10 mntwana.Lo mbono uphindwe usekwe uXulu, (1981: 195) lapho eveza khona uLizzie esehlanzengedela ebalisa ngokungabatholi abantwana kanje:ULizzie akaphiwanga abantwana njengoNtombi. Kukhokonke lokho akasolanga lutho, ngoba okuyikhonaokwakumbusa yikuthi, ukuba nabantwana kuyisiphosikaNkulunkulu, nokungabi nabantwana kuyisiphosikaNkulunkulu. Umntwana umphiwa evela ngaphezulu.Wayekusho-ke ukuthi, ukungatholi kwakhe uNkulunkuluukwenza ngomusa wakhe, ukuze laba bantwana avume ukuthiuzobabheka ababheke ngothando olupheleleyo ayengekealwahlukanisele abakhe ukuba wayenabo.Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlukana imizi uma bengatholakali abantwana Lokhukuyafakazelwa uBhengu, (1985:80) lapha uMaJoli exoxa nowakwakhe uMzimelaethi:3

Uyakhuluma MaJoli. Lokhu okuphawulayo kungamaqinisoamsulwa, ngoba ngempela ukuhlukanisa kwabashadilekusukela ezintweni eziningana, ezinye zazo ukungabatholiabantwana, nokungabi nesimilo esible.Uma owesifazane engabatholi abantwana imindeni ayiphumuli.llala ingalele izamaamakhathakbatbana okunqoba 10 mshophi.Izinyanga ziyaceba kukbokhwa izingxa,nezinkomo nezimbuzi ziwa ziwile kushwelezwa ezinyanyeni ukuthi zehlise umoyauma kuwukuthi lesi simo sidalwa yizonaKwenye inkathi indoda ize ithathe isithembu ngoba unkosikazi engabatholiabantwana ngoba inenkolelo yokuthi owesibili, hleze ayilamulele. Lokhukufakazelwa uBhengu, (1985:30) lapho uMzimela exoxela owakwakhe uMaJolingesinqumo esithathwe indodana kaSimamane noMaKhathide sokuthatha isithembukanje:UMaJoli: Ngingajabula umaukuyiqaqa lenkinga.abasifuni isithembu.umfundisiKodwa-keephumelelaabefundisiUMzimela: Yebo kunjalo MaJoli, kodwa uma ISlIDOsicindezela kweuziwe njani?UMaJoli: Isimo sini esingacindezela umuntu ukubaaganwe yisithembu, noma ayogana esithenjini?UMzimela:Isimo senzalo nkosikazi yami. Phela khumbulaukuthi umuzi kuba umuzi ngezinganeezitholakalayo kulabo abaganene.Uma kuzelwe unmtwana wentombazane nakhona kuba khona inhlokomo yentokozongoba kukbona ukuthi izolethela uyise amabheka.Lisuke libafulathele umaintombazane igane kwandlwana noma emzini lapho kudliwa khona imbuya ngothingoba amathuba okubuya kwamabheka ayafiphala.Angiphathi-ke uma unmtwana4

kube umfana, izihlathi zivakashela izindlebe ngoba intokozo iyadlulelaLokhukudalwa ukuthi llmana uzovusa umuzi kayise. UNyembezi, (1975:249) uyakucacisalokhu uma ethi:BanjaIo nje okhokho babelwazisa uhlanga abayilo. Umabezele izinsizwa eziningi babuye baqonde ukuthi uhlanga1010 lokhula lube isizwe phakathi kwezizwe, wayekhaIelwaozele amantombazane odwa kuthiwe mhIa efayo igamalakhe liyocisha emhlabeni.Lisuke limlahlile elakubo owesifazane uma engamtholi umntwana womfanaTnhliziyo yakhe iba neminjunju engachazeki. UMsimang, (s.a:3) ukuveza kahle laphouMaSibisi ebaIisa ngokungamtholi umfana ethi:Yeka okwami mina kaMahlase! Hawu! Yeka okwami,kuyinqaba khona ngoba akufani nokwabanye. Namingangithi uThwaIa ngomzaIela indodana kulomuzi wakhe,iGugu. Nami njengendlunkulu yaseGugwini ngangithiowakwami ngombusisa ngesipho somfana ozoba yinhlokonomengameli waIeli Gugu lapho uThwaIa esekhotheme,kodwa akusabanga njaIo. Nami ngangithi uThwaIangomzaIela inkosana nendlaIifa, kodwa akusabanga njaIo.Nami ngangithi ngiyofana nabantu honke ngishiye indukuebandla, kodwa akusabanga njaIo.Lokhu kuphindwe kwesekelwe uBhengu, (1985:127) lapho eveza uSigodlosenkosi,ebaIisa knmkakhe wesibili uMaMndaweni ngokungamtholi umfana kanje:UMaMndaweni:USigodlo:UMaMndaweni:Yenza kanjaIo yise kaPaIesa Naweuyazibonela nje ukuthi zimbiwe yinselekulento engiyenzayo.KusobaIa ukuthi sizoceba rnasinyaneMaMndaweni. Kukhona kodwaokungikhathazayo enhliziyweni yami.Ngabe yini ekukhathaza enhliziyweni?5

USigodlo:UMaMndaweni:Ukuthi asinaye umntwana womfanaoyokuba indlalifa yethu esikhathinieslZllyO.Pho, lokho kukuhlupha ngani ngobauyazi ukuthi sahlela umndenisivumelene, uma-ke singasamtholiumntwana womfuna asigwinye itshe.Indlalifa yethu sekunguye uPalesaUBhengu, (2005:02) uphinde akuveze lokhu lapho eveza khona u..l\1aChiya ebalisangengane yomfana kanje:UMaChiya wathinteka, wakhumbula mgxoxo yakhenoMaMthiya Okwamthinta kakhulu igama elaliphawulweuPbakathi lokuthi; 'Ukuba wayengumfana uHleziphi -.' yilokanye elamenza acabange ajule ngoba ingane yomfanawayeyithanda kakhulu efisa ukuba nayo. Kwaba ngayoleyonkathi uMaChiya amxoxela konke okwakuphawulweuMaMthiya mayelana nokuhambela odokotela, kakhulukaziudokotela Bhubesi, ukuze balashwe bathole abantwana.Khathi-simbe nomfana babengamtholaNgemuva kokuxoxa, nokubonisana ngaloludaba, umnumzanePbakatbi wamlalela uMaChiya, wavuma ukuba bayekudokotela Bhubesi, futhi baye nakubathandazi ukuzekufezeke isifiso sakhe uMaChiyaBala-ke, baqala ukuzisondeza kubathandazi nakodokotela.Ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi inhlanhla yenzeka UMaChiyawakhulelwa, wase elokhu ehamba njalo emtholampilonjengenhlalayenza kwabakhulelweyo.Intokozo iba isimangaliso lapho kuzelwe umntwana womfana UMhlongo, (1991 :20)uveza le ntokozo kumntwana waseLangeni uNandi ngenkathi kuzelwe uShaka:Sihambe isikbathi, zihambe nezinyanga Kuyezwakalainkosazane yaseLangeni isingene exhibeni. Kungakabinsuku zatshwala, kuyezwakala isizibone ukuba ngumuntungomfana Babo! Kanti abakwazulu baphika balala6

amankeyana nje bayazikhohlisa? Ngempela sebeyibekileinduku ebandlaKucaca ngokusobala ukuthi noma abantwana befana futhi belingana ngokwesabelosikaMlenzemunye, abazali bona bathanda kakhulu abafana lmnamantombazane.Lokhu lruvela kahle kuMsimang, (sa:7) lapho uMaSibisi ebalisela udadewabouNtombini ethi:Ozakwethu bonke bagone izintombi nezinsizwa Kwabanyeizinsizwa zingambili, kepha lena kaSibisi igoneamantombazane odwa Yilokho-ke engikuzele laphaNtombini. Awungitshele ukuthi kuloya waseGugwiniumuzi mina umfana ngoze ngimgone nini?Uma esezelwe umntwana, abazali bakhe sebesalelwa ingcabhayi yokuvezaumhlablandlela wendlela abazomkhulisa ngayo nendlela abafuna aziphathe ngayoumntwana aze akhule. UMsimang, (1975:210) uyalrufakazela lokhu uma ethi:NgesiZulu lruthiwa libunjwa liseva, kuphinde lruthiweumuthi ugotshwa usemanzi lrubuye lruthiwe zibanjwazisemaphuphu. Zonke lezi zaga kanye nezinyeezimqondo ufana nowalezi zichaza ukuthi umntwanaufundiswa esemncane lokho abazali bakhe abafisa abeyikho uma esekhulile.Futhi kufanele lruqikelelwe ukuthi ngenkathi umntwana ekhuliswa kulandelweinqubomgomo eyabekwa uMvelinqangi ngoba umntwana uma ephambuka, abazalibayophendula kuMdali uma bengamkhulisanga ngendlela efanele.Lokhu lruyacacabha lapho sifunda incwadi yeZaga, (2:6) lapho iNkosi uSolomoni ithi:Khulisa umntwana ngendlela eyakuba ngeyakhe,lruyakuthi lapho esekhulile angasuki lruyo.7

Kusathombululeka konke lokhu, umntwana ugxila ezintweni ezilusikompiloezikhombisa indlela okufanele aziphathe ngayo.Yehlukene kakhulu inqubomgomoelandelwayo lapho kukhuliswa umntwana womfana kanye nowentombazane ngobanendlela yokuziphatha nayo ngokunjalo ayifani.Kodwa kufanele kucace ukuthiukwenza 10 msebenzi kusuke kungasiniswa mahJeza ngoba kudinga ubuhlakani kanyenesineke.1.2 Inhloso yocwaningoLolu cwaningo Iwenzelwe ikakhulukazi ukuvuselela indlela yokuziphatha kwabafanaemazingeni okukhula kwabo ahIukene. Kuyacaca enkathini yamanje ukuthiinhlonipho isiyafungwa kwelikaJama ngenxa yokuthi abafana abasawazi amazingaabakuwo nendlela okufanele baziphathe ngayo kulelo nalelo zinga.UKrige,(1950:61) uyakufakazela lokhu kubaluleka kwamazinga lapho umntwana ekhulalapho ethi:Every individual passes through a number of well markedstages, none of which can be entered without preparationand ceremonial, and which even birth and death form butsteps.Yingakho-ke nje izwe selagcwala izingane eziyirnihambima ezihlala emigwaqeni.Lokhu kuyinzalo yokuziphatha nokungahloniphi amazinga abo ngenkathi bekhula.Uma umfana ekhuliswe ngendlela, uyazi ukuthi kufanele aziphathe kanjani ukuzekugwemeke lezi zingane ezingondingasithebeni ezilala emigwaqeni, emahlathininasemapayipini.8

Vma umfana ekhuliswe ngendlela, lokhu kungenza ukuthi isifo leso esesidlondlobeleesibhebhethekisa okomlilo wequbula, nrnashayabhuqe wombulala zwe,singanqandeka ngoba abafana bangayeka ukubamba bebhabhalalaLokhu futhikungaphinda kunciphise imilanjwana esithe chithi saka izwe lonke.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi inhlonipho ibaluleke kakhulu esizweni samaZulungoba sihlonipha abakhona nabangasekho, izinyanyaNgakho-ke kufanele umfanaaqaphele kakhulu ukuthi uhlonipha nalapho angabonwa khona ukuze izinyanyazimsingathe, zimuphe amathamsanqaUMsimang, (1975:16) ukufakazela kanjenalokhu:Vmsebenzi wamadlozi wokwelusa abaphilayo emizini yabo.Balwa nezifo nezitha namalumbo. Bakhulisa abantwanabalethe inhlanhla, inala nobuhle ekhaya. Impilo yonkeyamaZulu iyinto yinye nokwazisa amadlozi.LoIu cwaningo luhlose futhi ukuvuselela amasiko enziwa nxa kuzelwe urnntwananalapho ekhula Esikhathini sarnanje abantwana sebezalelwa ezibhedlelanasemitholampilo ngenxa yempucuko yaseNtshonalanga Lokhu kudala ukuthi usanalufike emva kwezinsukwana ekhaya bese kuphazamiseka uhlelo lwesikonemikhutshana efanele ukwenziwaLokhu sekube nomthelela omubi ngoba sekwandise imigundatshani,amahlongandlebe nokhandalimtshelokwakhe abathe chithi saka izwe Ionke.Kantiuma urnntwana ezalelwe ekhaya, onke amasiko enziwa ngokohlelo bese naye ekhulangendlela eyiyo neyamukelekile emphakathini.9

Lesi sihloko sitonyulwe ngoba kuhloswe ukuveza ukubaluleka kokwalusanokuqeqeshwa okutholakala khona okufana nokuzwana, ubuntu nobuchwepheshe.Lapho umfana ekhula, ulusa imfuyo ngokwezinga lakhe lokukhula eqalaezinkukhwini, aze agogode eselusa izinkomo zakwabo, uyahlakanipha abe yisomanesensengetsha.Lolu cwaningo lwenzelwe ukuqwashisa isintu sonkana ngokubaluleka kokuzalelwakomntwana emndenini ophelele ngoba imilanjwana lena kukhona lapho elimalakhona ngasekunceleni ingonyuluka yamasiko esiNtu.Uma umntwana ezelwe,ubadinga bobabili abazali bakhe ukuze akhule encela ulwazi kuyo yomibili imibelekuyisenakuninaUma ezelwe umntwana, uthola izeluleko kunina, amfundise nendlela yokukhuluma,azi ngisho namagama ablambalazayo, aqosheme nayinhlamba Ngakho-ke umntwanaubadinga bobabili abazali bakhe ukuze akhule ngendlela UNyembezi, (1953:18)uyakufakazela lokhu lapho eveza khona uVusi ebalisa emva kokuvalwa kwezikolengoba engesenalo ikhaya nabazali ethi:Zonke lezi zinto zazimphatha kabuhlungu uVusienhliziyweni ngoba ebona abantwana abanabazali babobona bephatheke kahle, bengakwenzi lokhu okwenziwanguye. Honke abanye babehambile beye ernakhaya, yenanakhu lapha ayekhona, futhi kungekho nakhaya ayengathiuyakulo.Ukulondolozwa kwamagama esiZulu kungenye yezinhloso zalolu cwaningo ngobasekuyacaca ukuthi ulimi lwethu lwebele seluthanda ukungenwa umdlavuzawokunganyelwa usikompilo IwaseNtshonalangaLokhukungenxa10

yezinguqunguquko esezikhona eziyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kanyenokuhIanekezeIwa kolimi. LoIu cwaningo luzoba umthombo Iapho kuzolondolozwakhona amagama aqondene ngqo nokukhuliswa komfana okuzophuza kuwoizizukulwane ngezizukulwane.1.3 Isizathu esenza kucwaningweIntshisekelo yalolu cwaningo isuswe ukubona indlela usiko-mpiIo IwaseNtshonalangaoseIuthanda ukudlondlobala ngalo, selungamela usikoIwamaZulu ekukhuliseniizingane. Uma singaqhathanisa okuncane nje, kuyindeleIo ephindwe kashumi ukuthiumuntu omncane agqolozele umuntu omdala emehlweni uma umuntu ekhulumaNgosiko IwamaZulu akwamukelekile lokho ngoba nentombi iyakhophoza umaikhuluma nesoka layo noma isiganiIe, ayibabheki nhlobo abasemzini.LOkhukuyinhlanekezeIo yosiko IwaseNtshonalanga ngoba uma ungambheki umuntuemehlweni, kuthathwa ngokuthi usuke usenga ezimithiyo kulokhu enisuke nikuxoxaNgakho-ke kufanele uma ukhuluma nomuntu omdala umgqolozeIe ezinhlamvinizamehlo.KwaZulu unmtwana akaIenzi iphutha lokuqophisana nomuntu omdala ngamazwi,angiphathi-ke khona uma kungllmza1i wakhe. Kodwa ngenxa yokushwabadela usikompiloIwaseNtshonalanga, usuthola abantwana sebethekela 10 mkhuba esizwenisakithi.UNtuli noNtuli, (1986:71) uyakuveza lokhu lapho uNomusa eqophisananoyise owayengafuni ukuba ayogana uSibanyoni owayenesithembu ethi:Anginandaba-ke noMongameli bakho 1300, ngithi njengiyogana kwaSibanyoni. "Uma ubaba engafuni ngizohambangenkani". "Ngithi awuyi lapho!" "Ngiyaya" "Ngithi11

eyann mgane ayiyi ukuyogana esithenjini." "Angiyiukuyogana esithenjini ngiyogana uSibanyoni." "Ngithi-keawuyi Nomusa!" "Ngithi ngiyaya baba!" "Ngithi umangisaphila ngiwuyihlo awuyi entweni engiyibonayo ukuthiigwegwile!" "Ngithi ngiyaya baba Okungcono ngingafanya" "Ngithi awuyi lapho!" Ngesankahlu: "Ngiyaya".Ugqozi lwalolu cwaningo luphinde lwasuswa ukubona abafana beziphatha budedenguesizweni sakithi.Lokhu kufakazelwa indlela asebekhulelisa ngayo amantombazaneesikhathini sanamuhla Abafana abasenakho ukuzigqaja ngobunsizwa babo, balindekuze kufike isikhathi lapho sebethatha khonaSekuyinsakavukela ukubona abafanabeyizibhodongo nezinqandamathe zabo, begonana emini kwabha, phambi kwabantuabadala Lokhu kuyichilo elinobunuku esizweni zamaZulu. Angiyiphathi-keeyokuxhakanaUsungafunga uthi amantombazane 1awo awasakwazi ukllzihambe1angoba sonke isikhathi usuwafica exhakwe abafanaKulichilo kwaZulu ukuzalwa kwemilanjwana, lokhu kufakazelwa uMhlongo,(1991:15) lapho sekutholakala ukuthi intokazi yaseLangeni, uNandi isizithwele,kwafane1e ukuba uSozidade alwethule kuMakhedama, uyise kanje:Yebo, kunjalo wena waSesiweni. Akhophoze uNdunankulukube sengathi umhlola owehlile wehlele yena.Bandleliphakathi! lzingane zethu zithi zisuka nje besezibamba umkhonto ngasekudleni kwawo. Kanti amaqhikizaenzani? Kubhavumula inkosi kubonakala nje ukuthi lesisehlo esibikwayo siyayinengwaUKrige, (1950:106) uhambisana noNjomane lapho ethi:It is considered a disgrace for an unmarried girl to have achild at her father's kraal, and the first thing to be done onfinding that a girl was pregnant was to hurry her offto marrysomeone.12

Lokhu kukhombisa ngokusobala ukushabalala kwenhlonipho esizweni sakithi.Uhulumeni wakithi eMzansi ne-Afrika naye ubuye wabamba iqhaza elikhulu kulombulalazwe ngokuba ashaye imithetho enikeza abantwana arnagunya namalungeloathe xaxa kunawabadalaLawo malungelo asebenze bazikhukhumeze, inhloniphonabo kwaba yiMpumalanga neNtshonalanga Youke imithombo yezindabaiqhakambisa amalungelo abantwana, awabadala aya ngokuncipha mihla namalangaUma singacaphuna isigatshana sikanombolo 28 unombolo led) nonombolo 2woMthethosisekelo wezwe lapho uhlaziya khona amalungelo abantwana,kungablaluka ukuthi ngempela 10 hulumeni ubagixabezile abantwana ngamalungeloeva lokhu osekuthuntubeze indlela yokuziphatha.Kuyacaca-ke ukuthi izinganezigixabezwa ngala malungelo nje uhulumeni ufuna amavoti.Akanendaba nomaisizwe sibhuqabhuqwa yingculaza Uveza ngisho imfalakablana yokondlaimilanjwana ukuze izingane zingalesabi ichilo.Uhulumeni akanendaba nanokuthiamagqabulambeleko namaqhashamlenze awakugani ukugana okuhle. Veleakanendaba nenhlalakable yemindeni futhi akanamsebenzi nokwesabauMavelakuqala Lo mtheshwana ufundeka kanjena ngolimi Iwasemzini:I(d) Every child has the right to be protected frommaltreatment, neglect, abuse or degradation.2 A child's best interests are of paramount importance inevery matter concerning the child.Intshisekelo iphindwe yasuswa ukubona abafana sebehlulwa ukubona izigaba zabonoma amazinga abakuwo empilweni ngenkathi bekhulaKule mihla esiphila kuyosekuyinkinga ukwehlukanisa phakathi komfana, insizwa kanye nekhehla ngobaabafana sebenza noma yini eyenziwa abantu abadalaAkwethusi ukubona abafana13

emdibi munye namakbehIa, bephuza ndawonye uma kunemicimbi.akulokothwa lokhu ngoba nezithebe imbala zazehIukaniswa ngononina.KwaZuluAkwenzekiukuthi ahafana badle sithebeni sinye nahadala ngoba akufanele nangengozi balaleleizindaba zabamnumzane.Kuyajahhisa enkathini yamanje ukuthola abantwanabezungeze itafula., bed1a nahantu ahadala Lokhu sekuze kwanikeza abantwana ithubalokuba bahuke amankanka abantu abadala ngenkathi kudliwa, into ephambenenenqubo yesiNtu.Kubalulekile kwaZulu ukuthi yilowo nalowo mfana azIse 1Z1llga akulo.Umaungakayitholi imvume yokudluliselwa kwelinye izinga, uyalinda lize lifike.UBhengu, (1965:15) uyakuveza lokhu kubaluleka ngenkathi umfo kaNyambose efikakomkhulu ezobuthwa lapho ethi:Safika ekuseni komkhulu singumhIambi kazalusile, nakhokelokho kwakungabonakali ngoba sasilandela ibutholamaNkamane. Induna-ke yasididiyela njengoba nakhusasingenahutho, futhi singenanduna Kwakuseyikbonainkosi isazosiklezisa isibekele eyethu indunaLolu cwaningo lubuye lwavuswa ukubona abazali sebethanda ukugalela zephukeekukhuliseni izingane ngendlela efanele neyamukelekile esizweni sakithi.Sekuyajahhisa nokho ukuthi ahazali banamuhIa sebeyawubalekela umsebenzi wabowokukhulisa abantwana, bawethwese abafundisi ezikoleni. Abanye abasenamabloniokuthi ubezwa sebelibeka ngembaba bethi: "Kanti banifundisani ezikoleniT'Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi isikhungo sokuqala esikhulu lapho umntwana atholakhona uqeqesho olujulile yisekhaya Ezinye izindawo zisuke seziqinisa izikhonkwanenezinsika kosekwenziwe yikhayaKuyacaca ngokungephikiswe ukuthi ikhaya14

umgogodla wokuqeqesha abantwana.Lokhu kusekelwa uBarbara noPeters,(1983:111) lapho bethi:Traditionally, apart from the various initiation schools, thechild received no formal education to mould him for his role insociety. Today the ancient pattern has changed, with manychildren attending a Western-type school. Traditionaleducation for the individnal constitutes a gradual absorptioninto society and the acquisition of certain skills and behaviourpatterns.Intshisekelo iphindwe yasuswa ukubona izazi nezinzululwazi zithanda ukungalushayimkhuba lolu hlobo locwaningo.Alnkabi bikho ucwaningo oluqondene ngqonokukhuliswa kwabafana. Iningi 10Solwazi bacwaninge kakhulu ngokukhulakwarnantombazane.Lokho sekwakhe isithombe esibi ezingqondweni zabafanasokuthi bona akufanele baqikelele ukuziphatha kable abantu ababhekene nenseleloyokuziphatha kable arnantombazane.Lokhu kube nomthelela omubi kakhuluekuziphatheni kwabafana.1.4 UmkJamo wocwaningoLolu cwaningo luzobheka kabanzi ukukhuliswa komfana esizweni samaZulu.Luzomukha phansi urnfana nezingxabo zakhe kuqale ekuqaleni ekuzalweni kwakhenemikhutshana eyenziwa mhlazane ezelwe, lumnke naye uthuli, lucubungula zonkeizigaba zokukhula kwakhe aze alike ezingeni lokwalusa Lungagcini lapho, luzobuyelubheke kabanzi laphoeseyibhobhodleyaoa, eseqala ukuqornisa nernikhutshanayakhona kuze kufike lapho ethatha khona eseyinsizwa esevusa umuzi kayise.15

1.5 Indlela ezosetshenziswa uma kucwaningwaUMthembu, (2000:7) ubeka kanje uma sekufikwa kulesi sigatshana:Kufanele-ke ukuthi amageja abe bukhali ngoba ngenxayomeno kwezinye izindawo, kuzodingeka lusishulwengezandla ukhula noma ngabe imbabazane imbala.Uqinisile lapha umfoka Ngoza ngoba mningi imisebenzi esemagxalabeni.Kuzovakashelwa abantu asebemnkantshubomvu, omakadebona ukuze basintongeliseemadlelweni abo agcwele phama ingonyuluka yonke ngalesi sihloko.Lokhusizokwenza ngoba sifuna ulruthola ulwazi-qangi ngalo msebenzi. NolimilukaMthaniya luyasho ukuthi inyathuko ibuzwa kwabaphambili.Imindeni laphokunabafana khona nayo izovakashelwa ukuze kutholakale ulwazi ngqongokukhuliswa kwabafana. Kuzovakashelwa imindeni yasemakhaya kanyeneyasemadolobheni ukuze sibone iqhaza eselibanjwe ukufika kwempucuko yaseNtshonalanga kwelika-Mageba.Imitapo yezincwadi izovakashelwa ngokungenamkhawulo ukuze kubonakale ukuthiizingqalabutho nezingqwele kule ndima zayigabadula zagcinaphi.1.6 Umlando ofingqiwe ngokukhuliswa komfana esizweni samaZuluAbantwana bayisibusiso esihle ngendlela engechazeke esivela kuMlenzemunye. Uzeafakaze uDavide ku Mabubo, (127:3 no 5) athi:16

3. Bheka abantwana bayifa elivela kulehova, isithelosesisu singumvuzo.5. lbusisiwe indoda emgodla wayo ugcwele bona;abayikujabha lapho bekhuluma nezitha zaboesangweni.Kodwa okufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunoma ubani onegunya lokuthola umntwananoma abantwana.KwaZulu yilowo nalowo muntu owesilisa nowesifazane udIulaemabangeni athize anduba athole imvume yokuthola abantwana.lbanga lokugcinakwakuyilelo lolruganana. UMsimang, (1975:47) ukubeka lokhu kukhanye bha laphoethi:Ukuganana kungumphumela neziqhamo zothando oluhlenolubusisekileyo; abantwana bayizithelo ezingumvuzo.Singebe nalo igunya lokuthi umuzi wesiZulu ungumuzi umakungekho bantwana phakathi kwamasango.Kuyacaca-ke ukuthi abantwana babaluleke kangakanani esizweni samaZulllkangangoba umakoti owayengabatholi abantwana usuke ebhekwe isambane kumbeehudelwe yihubulu. UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:100) bayakwesekela lokhlllaphobethi:Kwabe kuligugu kwaZulu ukuthola abantwana, njengobakusenjalo namanje. Umakoti ongabatholi abantwanawayelashwa kucelwe nasemadlozini ukuba amsize.Kuliqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi kuyisifiso sanoma imuphi umzali ukuthi umaumntwana wakhe esekhulile, abambe iqhaza elibonakalayo emphakathini.Wonkeumzali uyafuna ukubeka induku ebandIaUkuze-ke lokhu kufezeke, indIela eyakhona iwummango odingwa ukuqwalwa ngoba miningiim.ikhakha okufanelekudlulwe kuyo anduba umntwana athathwe njengopheleleyo.17

IsiZuIu sithi: "Inkonyane yomdlandla yeqa Iapho kweqa unina"KuIiqiniso lokhungoba umntwana uboneIa kubazali indleIa okufaneIe aziphathe ngayo.Ngakho-kekubaluIekile ukuthi abazali bagcine onke amasiko neziyalo kusukeIa umntwanaezeIwe aze apheIeIe ukuze ekugcineni bengabeki icala kubakhunkuIi.IndleIaokukhuIiswa ngayo abantwana incike kakhuIu ebulilini bakhe.Amanye amasikonemikhutshana kuyefana kodwa kubuye kube khona okungahambeIani.Ukusukakomntwana kweIinye ibanga engena kwelinye kunaneIwa ngokwenziwa komkhosiothile. UKhumalo, (2005) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Umntwana engafaniswa nesitsbalo okuthi izinga Iokuniselakwaso Iehluke izinga nezinga Izitshalo ezincane nezinkuIuaziniseIwa ngokuIinganayo. Ezincane zidinga amanziamancane ngokunjalo nezinkuIu zidinga arnanzi amaningi.Nayo-ke imikhosi eyenziwayo ingafaniswa nokuniseIwa ukuzeingane ikhuIe kahle ingapbazarniseki ndawo.Umntwana womfana kwaZuIu uthi engazalwa, bamshunqiseIe ngezinyamazane ukuzeangeniswe ekhaya Kuyothi engakhuIa aklekle, aphehlwe ukuze kuphume igazi elibi.Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi asokwe. Kufanele kungalitshalwa ukuthi uma umuntuephuma ebangeni eIithile, engeniswa kwelinye usuke esesimweni esibucayi. Ukuzekeavikeleke, kufaneIe kuceIwe izinyanya ukuba zimsingathe.Yingakho ehuqwangebomvu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uvikelekiIe.Kwesinye isikhathi umkhosiIowo uphelezelwa ngokuhlatshwa nokugaya utshwala, kumenywe uzalo nezihlobo.Umfana ukhuIa njalo aze aluse emabangeni ahlukene, afunde nemikhutshanayasekwaluseni njengokudla iphaphu, ukuqhwagela, ukungcweka nokunye. UzokhuIanjalo aze abuthwe, athole nezibongo, afike ebangeni Iokuqonywa, ekugcineni naye18

useyoze abone uma sekufike ezingeni lapho kufanele ayekokhela umlilo ukuzeatholele uyise lImnakwabo.Emva kwalokhu useyothola abakhe abantwana ukuze enze lokhu akhuliswe ngakho.Lokhu kwembula imfihlakalo yokuthi inzululwazi kumbe izinjulamqondo zesizweziba yisimbelambela ngenxa yokuphindwaphindwa kwezehlakalo ezizukulwaneningezizukulwane. Kubakhona nokho ukuguquguquka lapha nalaphaya ngenxa yokuthiisiko liyakhula, liyaqonga, liyaqina futhi liyadlondlobala19

ISAHLUKO SESmILI2.0 IMIKHUBAEYENZIWA UMAKUKHULISWA UMFANA2.1 IsingenisoUMsimang, (1975:210) utbi:Okokuqala okufanele masikwazi ukuthi okhokho babefanisaukukhu1a komntwana nokukhu1a ko=bila wona okhu1angamalunga Ngokunjalo umntwana wayeba namalunganoma amabanga okukhu1a Ukusuka kwelinye ibanga engenakwelinye kwakuba nomkhosi obalu1ekile, kwenziwe isikothielithize.Kuliqiniso elingephikiswe leli asikbanyisela ngalo okaNonkosi.Uma umntwanaezelwe, miningi imikhutshana eyenziwayo kusnkela mhla ezelwe aze afIke ebangenilapho esezimela kbona Yilelo nalelo banga liba nemikhutshana yakbona eyenziwayongoba ibalu1ekile. Le mikhutshana yenzelwa ukwethu1a nokugcoba umntwana ukubaabe yilunga eliphelele lomndeni ngokutbi aziswe ezinyanyeni okuyizona ekadezimsingathile ngenkathi esesiswini. Lokhu futbi kwenzelwa ukuthi aqine,engaphathwa izifo kalu1a futhi nabakbunkuli bengacanasi, bathi noma bethi bayagadlazephuke.Okukhu1u kunakbo konke ukuthi umntwana are isakhamuzi esiqothosangomuso empbakatbini futhi are ibutho eliqotho lokuvikela izwe nenkosi.Kunenkolelo yokuthi uma kungaqikelelwanga amasiko athile ngenkathi umntwanaekhu1iswa, umntwana akaphili kahle ekhanda futhi kumlandela ukbondololwemikhuhlane engapheli, kwenye inkathi engabatholi abantwanaLokhukufakazelwa uMyeza, (2003) lapho ethi:20

Izinyanya abantu abanesikhwele esixakile. Uma kukhonausiko oluthize othe ngesizathu esithile wangalenza ziyathulaisikhathi eside kodwa lapho seziludinga zikuqubukela esiswininjengotshwala zikudalele amashwa angapheli kwale nomausushweleza. Ukungabatholi abantwana enye yezindlelazokushaywa noma uma ubathola babe zidalwa noma behlaleOOphafhwa imikhuhlane.2.2 Umkhuba owenziwa mbJaz8ne ezelweUkufika komntwana emndenini kuba intokozo engechazwe.Nokho kuyaqikelelwaukuthi lolu suku lufika nje zonke izinto sezimi ngononina ngoba abomndenibazobhekana nomshikashika wokufeza imikhutshana namasiko athile.UNyemOOzinoNxumalo, (1966:99) balichaza kanje isiko:Igama elithi isiko umuntu angalichaza ngokuthi lingumkhubaowenziwayo, inqubo ejwayelekile elandelwa yisizwe; indlelayempilo eqokothiswe yaba nesigqi somthetho okuthi laphoumuntu eyeqa avelelwe yishwa yena noma umndeni wakhenoma nanaso sonke isizwe sakhe - kuOO kuya ngokuthiisimiselo sakhe OOsisikhulu kangakanani ekufezeni lokhooOOkufanele ukwenziwa.Kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi iuhlanzeko ibaluleke kakhulu ngenkathi la masikoenziwa. Inhlanzeko ayigcini ekubhekeni ukubukeka kwengaphandle lomuntu kephanengapbakathi libhekwa ngokubanzi.masiko, kufanele bakuqikelele lokhu.Ngakho-ke honke ababamba iqhaza kulaUMsimang, (1975:212) uyakucacisa lokhulapho ethi:Ekwenzeni lelo nalelo sikothi kwakunezinyanga zakhona;njengokuthi nje izinyanga zokuklekla, zokudeOOza,zokugweba noma ukusukula nokunye. Lezi zinyangazazingelokothe zenze la masiko uma zingahlanzekile. Lokhu21

kuhlanzeka kusho ukuthi owesilisa kahlangananganowesifazane ngesikhathi enza isiko lelo; ngamafuphisingathi abesilisa babezila abesifazane, kanti futhiowesifazane ogezile kwakuthiwa akahlanzekile. Kanjalonofelwe nophuma empini noma obulele. Yilokhookwakwenza ukuba kuthandeke ukuba le micimbiyenganyelwe yizalukazi ezingasagezi, okwakwethenjwa-keukuthi zihlanzekile.Kuthi engazalwa umntwana, ababelethisi bageze umntwana ngamanzi antukuntukuafakwe embizeni embelwe emsamo lapho kukholelwa ukuthi kuhlala khona izinyanyazekhaya.Le mbiza isuke ihuqwe ngobulongwe ngoba ubulongwe lobu bunukaamakha amnandi esibaya sezinyanya; angiphathi-ke bona obethole, amakha aphansiesimanje awaliboni elidlalayo. UBryant, (1949:612) ukuto1ika kahle lokhu lapho ethi:Immediately after delivery, the midwives wash the child inan infusion ofumalali herb to ensure that it become a "goodbaby". For this purpose, a basin had been scooped out ofthe earth in the rear of the hut, then smeared clean andsmooth with cowdung.La manzi agezwa ngawo umntwana asuke efakwe amakhambi athize azosiza ukuthibaukukha1a komntwana okungenasidingo ngenkathi ekhula.Kufanele kukhumbulekeukuthi lapho emsamo, eduze nodonga yilapho kuzombelwa khona lImzanyana kanyenenkaba nokunye okukade kusetshenziswa ngenkathi ebelethwa umntwana.Isizathuesidala ukuthi kugqitshwe endlini, kwenzelwa ukuthi ohodoba bengatholi nentubaencane yokwenza imisebenzi yabo engcolile.Lokhu kufakazelwa uKrige, (1950:65) lapho ethi:When the child is born, a small hole is made on the umsamo ofthe hut, and this is smeared over with dung to form a basin inwhich the baby is bathed. A small plant, the uMalali plant is22

sometimes used for washing a newbom baby to make it quietchild, not given to crying, for the water is always medicatedwith some intelezi. lbis intelezi water is thrown away verycarefully so that no wizard gets hold ofit.Kweminye imizi nIDzanyana uyaye uthathwe uyogqitshwa emgodini wesambanenoma ngaphansi kwenguzuka yetshe.Lo mseOOnzi wenziwa phakathi kwamabiliabantu sebelele. Nakhona lapha kusuke kugwenywa ukuthi izigilamkhuba zingaboninangengozi. Wenziwa umuntu ofanele nothemOOkile ikakhulukazi ozalweni,okungaba inzalabantu yekhayaKepha imindeni ayikhohlwa ukubhekisisa umuntuoqokelwe ukwenza 10 mseOOnzi ngoba nakhona ozalweni umbango usuka emlotheni.Kokunye bayaphelekezelana ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kozalo. UMaMhlongo, (2003)uphawula kanje ngalesi senzo:Kuyingozi enkulu ukugqiba nmzanyana budedengu laphoongambiwa khona kalula ngoba abakhunkuli nonhliziyombi,bangasina bazioothele. Kwenye inkathi kuOO leyo nganeeyokuqala neyokugcina seOOmvale inzalo.Kwakhona ozalweni kunabathakathi bozalo (lineage sorcerers), onyawo zengqomfiuqobo lwabo abahlalela ukuhlela umndeni ngekhubalo kumele bangaboni laphokumOOlwa khona nmzanyanaKokunye nrnzanyana ugqitshwa ezaleni phakathi kwamabili ngethemba lokuthi lowoowenza lokho weluswe yizinyanya zekhaya esezalala ezaleni futhi eseziyiso lomndeningakho ngeke aphazanyiswa lutho.23

2.3 Ukugcoba ibomvuIbomvu libaluleke kakhulu esizweni sikaPhunga noMageba. Empeleni ibomvu yilonaeliyivulandlela lanoma yimuphi umcimbi odinga ukuba kuthethwe kuwo idlozi.Empeleni ibomvu lakha ubudlelwano obuqinile phakathi kwesidalwa esingumuntukanye nabangasekho, izithutha zekhaya. Nasekukhuliseni umntwana, esuka kwelinyeizinga, eya kwelinye, ibomvu liyasetshenziswa. Umcimbi lapholingasetshenziswanga khona ibomvu, kusuke kusiniswe amahleza ngoba izinyanyazisuke zingawamukelanga lowo mcimbi ngokuphelele.Uma-ke umntwana esegezwe kahle izingcweti zakhona, ube naye esehuqwangebomvu ukuze kuthi nje zisuka, izindlela zakhe zivuleke, zibe mhIophe kuthi umasekuthethwa idlozi nokuthi nazo izinyanya zimamukele kalula umntwana Iona.Kwezinye izigodi naye umama womntwana uhuqwa ngalo ibomvu ngenkathiesezobeletha ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi usuke esesikhathini esibucayi ngakhokusemqoka ukuba akhongelwe insingatho yezinyanya zekhaya.Lokhu kufakazelwauMyeza, (2003) lapho ethi:Ibomvu leli akuyona inhlabathi eyejwayelekile njena kephainhlabathi yezinyanya okuthi uma uhuqwe ngayo ngenxayesimo esithize abaphansi basheshe babone ukuthi udingaukuvikelwa. Kanjalo nowesifazane osuke esesimwenisokubeletha uhuqwa ngalo ngoba usuke ephakathi kokufa.Kulokhu uMyeza uhambisana nezwi leBhayibheli elikuGenesisi, (3:16):Wathi kowesifazane: Ngizokukubangela ubuhlungu obukhuluekukhulelweni kwakho, uyakubeletha abantwana ngobuhlungu.24

Impela owesifazane obelethayo usuke esenkingeni ngoba olunye unyawo lusukelusekufeni nolunye lusekuphileni. Lidingeka ngempela-ke ibomvu kulolu khalo.Omunye umsebenzi omkhulu webomvu ukuvimbela ukuqubuka nomuna emntwaneni.Kweminye imizi basebenzisa insindwane esikhundleni sebomvu.Insindwane yonaithe ukuhluka kancane kunebomvu ngoba yona iyagxotshwa, bese ithakwa namafuthaenkomo unwali, bese ibunjwa ibe ngamagadangane.UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:102) bathanda ukuhluka kwabanye ongoti mayelananomsebenzi webomvu. Bona bathi ibomvu lisetshenziselwa ukuvimba ukuthi angabinabo uboya obuningi njengesilwane umntwana kanje:Umntwana wayehuqwa ngebomvu ukuze angabi noboyaobuningi njengesilwane, wayehuqwa ngebomvu laphokugcina khona ubuso.Ngenkathi unina womntwana esezokhululeka, kubaswa umlilo okuzothi emvakokukhululeka, umntwana ashiselwe izinyamazane zakulowo muzi. Inhloso yalokhuukuqinisa umntwana ukuze engabaqwa imimoya emibi.Lo mlilo uvutha kuzekuphele isikhathi sokugoqa UBarbara noPeters, (1983:105) bayakunanela lokhulapho bethi:Part of the full traditional rituals associated with childbirthamong the South Sotho and Bomvana is the lighting of aritual fire as soon as the child is born. This fire is not allowedto go out as long as the period ofconfinement lasts.25

Ukuze umntwana akhule eqinile, engahlale ethuka izanya noma ahaqe kalulaezinyamazaneni ezishiswayo azisali izilwane ezinkulu nezinolaka njengengwenebhubesi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uBarbara noPeters, (1983:106) lapho bethi:This fire is not allowed to go out as long as the period ofconfinement lasts. Much ofthe medicine administered to thenewborn is intended to make it firm as it is considered to be'soft' (not fully formed) immediately after birth. A Zulu babymay be given medicines made from the leopard's whiskers,salamander skins and lion's claws, as well as (if it isobtainable) an important traditional ingredient - crushedmeteorite.Isikhathj sokugoqa siyehluka ngokobulili bomntwana. Uma kuyintombazane, kubayizinsuku eziyisithupha kanti uma kungumfana, liphela golokoqo isonto kodwaokufuneka kuqashelwe ukuthi kufanele kuze kuwe inkabaEmva kwalokhoumdlezane usinda indlu ngenhloso yokuyihlanza ngesihlanzi sobulongwe besibayasamathongo.Nakho okusewuphawu lokubakhongela ekusingatheni isipho saboesingumntwana.Emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyishumi inkaba yomntwana iyaphola ebeseiyawaAbomndeni kufanele bayiqaphele ngeso 10khozi ngoba uma ingadukabengadlala abakhunkuli, inyanda ingamuka nesibopho uma bengaqaphele.Abanyebayashisa abanye bayigqibe lapho bengabonwa muntu kodwa emagcekeni omuzi.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMasondo, (1940:19) lapho ethi:lnkaba yomntwana iyinto enkulu iyaqashelwa impelanjengomzanyana. ithi ingawa, yenziwe lokho okwenziwakulolohlobo lwabantu, ngoba akwenziwa ngokufanayo.Abanye bayayishisa. Umlotha wayo bawuphonse emfuleniumuke namanzi, abanye benze lokho njalo okuqondenenalolohlobo lwakhona26

Inkaba ibaluleke kakbulu kumuntu ongumZulu ngoba uma wnZulu umbuza inkabayakhe usuke umbuza ingonyuluka yemvelaphi yakhe. Yiyo futhi inkaba edala ukubaabantu bangabhunguki ngoba inkaba imbizela lapho azalelwa khona Iningi lize lifisenokutshalwa lapho inkaba yalo ikhona2.4 UkukleklaLeli siko lalingekho ngaphambi kokubusa kweNdlovu edla abasondezeli bayo, iSilouShaka Leli siko lafika naye KwaZulu ngoba enenkolelo yokuthi ingane engakleklileizokhula ingacoshi kable ezindlebeni futhi iyaphuza nokuqondisisa kable izinto.Kungakho isiZulu sithi nje: uboklekla izindlebe. Lokhu okuchaza ukuthiubolalelisisa, uzwisise, uqondisise ukuze wenze okufanele empilweni.UBarbaranoPeters, (1983:108) bayakweseka lokhu lapho bethi:Ear-piercing of young children is common in Nguni territory,where it is said 10 open the ears to understanding. The ears ofthis Mpondo boy were recently pierced and the hole is keptopen with a piece ofreed.Kuthi uma izingane sezineshumi 1eminyaka noma ngaphezulu, zibe sezikulungeleukukleklaNgale nkathi abafana basuke sebelusa narnantombazane esekwaziukutholela izinkuni. Ngarnanye amazwi, kungabantu abasebenemiqondoephusaphusile. Ukuklekla lokhu kwenziwa ebantwaneni abantanganye sonke isigodi.Leli siko lenzelwa enduneni yesigodi noma kwankosana yozalo.Kwenye inkathikuyenzeka ukuthi lolu siko 1wenzelwe emzini wenyanga leyo ukuze baze baphumelapho isibona ukuthi sebekulungele ukugoduka Ukuhlanzeka nxazonke kubalulekileKwaZulu.Ngakho-ke inyanga kwenye inkathi isaba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi27

abantwana bahlangane nabantu abangahlanzekile bese umsebenzi wayo ufekelengokutbi kwenye inkathi izindlebe zivuvuke zingakapholi izimbobo bese ithweswaicala 10kungahlanzeki. Inyanga leyo isebenzisa insingo bese ifaka uthi ukuze imboboingavaleki.Emva kwaleli siko kuba nendumezulu yomkhosi wokuhala1isela laba bantwanangokungena kwelinye izinga Kuhlatshwa izintondolo kwenye inkathi noma inkomoimbala kuye ngesibaya somnumzane. Abafokazane bahlala obala uma sekwenziwa 10mkhosi ngoba babamba beyeka bengazi ukuthi bazothathani bahlanganise nani.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi iLemb' eleq' amany' amalembe ngokukhalipha,uShaka yilona elafika namaqhinga amaningi okuphaka impi. Yingakho lasungula lelisiko ukuze abafana bethi uma sebebuthwa, babe ibutho elikhaliphile futhi elinodlebe,elikwazi ukucosha noma umyalel0 onjani ngesikhathi sempi okuyisikhathi esibucayinesidinga ubunyoningco nobuchwepheshe bokukhalipha nobuqhawe neso elibanzi.2.5 UkuphehlaUMsimang, (1975:214) wenaba kanje uma echaza leli siko:Ukusukula phela ukuphehla noma ukugweba ingane.Kuphehlwa nje kuphungulwa igazi eliningi 10kukhula UZuluwabe ekhoIwa ukutbi igazi eliningi IiyashiseIana, umniniloenze izenzo ezinganambitheki.Kuyisiko eIinobungozi Ieli elidinga ongoti ngoba uma lingenziwanga kahle,kungaphuma umphefumulo. Ingane ingopha kakhulu neshoba lize Iilale amazolo uma28

kungabhekiwe.Ingane igwetshwa isineminyaka elishumi kuya phambili kodwakuyaqikelelwa ukuthi ingaze ikhule. Leli siko linobungozi ngoba kugwetshwa ngothilomsenge noma lomuzi lufakwe ngemuva enganeni, kuphehlwe kuze kophe kakhulu,kuphume igazi elimnyama kuze kugcine sekuphuma eliklasile.Ukuphehlwa komfana nentombazane akufani nhIobo.Amantombazane aphehlwangezintambo zomuzi eziphothiwe kanti abafana baphehlwa ngothi lomsenge. Umfanaongaphehlwanga uba negazi elibi lobulwane, abe umdlwembe kwenye inkathi abeinswelaboya uqobo lwayo. Umfana uthi engopha kancane, ayekwe ngoba kukholelwaukuthi abafana banegazi elincane kunamantombazane. Amantombazane ayaphindwamhIawumbe iziwombe zize zibe ngaphezu kwezimbili ngenhloso yokukhamisisa igazielibi elingaholela ekutheni ingane ibe nempene, ukulobizela abantu besilisa.Lokhuokulichilo nehlazo kithi kwaZulu.UFuze, (1979:39) uyakufakazela lokhu lapho ethi khona:All the old people declare that a child who is not treated inthis way can only grow up to be useless person, and a personover-heated by blood, being inclined to go astray and get intotrouble and become thoroughly immoral sexually [ndinda]because of the large quantity of blood that was never drawnoff. For this reason, the custom of rectal blood letting wasrigidly applied to children to prevent them from becominglecherous.Lokhu kuphindwe kwenanelwa uMasondo, (1940:2 I) lapho ethi:Ukugwetshwa kwabantwana lokhu kwabekwenzelwaumonakalo ukuthi ungaze wabakhona. Abokuqalababekholwa ukuthi uma umntwana engagwetshwanga,kwaphuma igazi elibi, uyothanda kakhulu abafana uma29

kuyintombazane, nomfana kwabekuthiwa uyothanda kakhuluamantombazane, babe nempene ebahluphayo bangaphumuli.Babekholwa ngukuthi futhi uma umntwana engagwetshwangauyophenduka abe yisigcwelegcwele, ngobalingaphungulwanga igazi liphele elobulwane, kusale elobuntu.Yikhoke lokhu okwabe kugwetshwa abantwana ngenxa yakho,nempela babebanobuntu.Abadala ezinsukwini zanamuhla bakhala ezimatbonsi ngokuyekwa kwaleli siko ngobabatbi ukuyekwa kwalo yikhona okunyuse kakhulu izinga lezinswelaboya kulelilikaMthaniya Yikho okwenyuse kakhulu nezinga lobundindwa, izinganezamantombazane zithi zincane zibe nempene, zilangazelele abantu besilisa. Umuntuwesifazane olangazelela umuntu wesilisa akatbandeki kwaZulu.KwaZulu intombiiqoma kanye qede ilotsholwe, iyoganaAyiqomi ize iquleke njengalena eyabonwanguMfiliseni umfoka Magubane.Yisihlava esibi lesi esihaqe lesi sizukulwanesanamuhla Leli siko linenselele yokuthi libhekane naso lesi sihlava ngale kwalokhoazisenakusengwa nayinkehli.2.6 lTIknso~aIsiko lokusoka isiko elidala kwelikaMthaniya Iningi lezizwe ezinsundu ziyakholelwakuleli siko.Umsuka nemve1aphi yaleli siko litbolakala emibhalweni eyiNgcwelelapho uMvelingqangi enza isivumelwano noAbrahama sokwenza uphawuazohlukanisa ngalo isizwe sakhe kwabezizwe. Lokhu kufakazelwa uGenesise, (17:10-14) kanje:10. Yilesi isivumelwano sami phakatbi kwami nawe nenzaloyakho emva kwakho eniyakusigcina ukuthi bayakusokwabonke abesilisa bakini.30

11. Niyakusoka inyama yejwabu lenu, kube luphawulwesivumelwano phakathi kwami nani.12. Onezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili phakathi kwenuuyakusokwa, bonke abesilisa ezizukulwaneni zenu, lowoozelwe endlini nalowo othengwe ngemali kowezizwe,ongesiye owenzalo yakho.13. Makasokwe ozelwe endlini yakho nothengwe ngemaliyakho; isivumelwano sami siyakuba senyameni yenu,sibe yisivumelwano esipbakade.14. Owesilisa ongasokiwe, engasokwanga enyameni yejwabulakhe, lowomuntu uyakunqunywa kubantu bakubo,ngokuba waphulile isivumelwano sami.Leli siko lenziwa ngokuthi kusikwe ijwabu lesitho sangasese sornfana bese kuthiikhanda lesitho sakhe sobudoda sivele obalaInhloso yokwenza leli siko eyokusizaurnfana ukuthi angabi nenkinga uma esehlangana nowesifazane uma esekhulile. Lelisiko alenzelwa ekhaya kepha lenzelwa entabeni. Abafana bahlala izinyanga ezimbilikuye kwezintathu khona entabeni beqeqeshwa emkhakheni wokuziphathaKuyothimhlazane sebebuya kube umcimbi omkhulu emakhaya kuhlatshwe kufinywengendololwane ngoba urnfana usuke esengene kwelinye ibanga lelo lobudoda Lokhuknfakazelwa uPeters noBarbara, (1983:124) lapho bethi:When the circumcision wounds begin to heal, a sacrifice calledumdaga is perfonned by Thembu initiates. Each boy has tosacrifice a goat and eat the isipika (twitching flesh in theshoulder region) and the entire right shoulder. In SouthernNguni lodges, when the wounds have all but healed, a singlebeast is sacrificed. This marks the freedom ofthe youths to goout hunting, and also releases them from the taboos ondrinking water, eating fresh food (maize), and smoking.Owesilisa ongasokwanga kwaZulu uthathwa njengevaka futhi akathathwanjengendodaUbizwa ngornfana noma ngabe mdala kangakanani futhi akadlisithebeni sinye namadodaNabesimame imbala babemenza inhlekiso owesilisa3\

ongasokiwe uma ethi l!7ama ukubeka amazwanaUFuze, (1979:28) uyakwesekelalokhu lapho ethi:An uncircumcised person was not recognised as a man, hewas addressed merely as "boy" (umfana), however, old hemight be, and regarded as worthless man and a coward whowas afraid to face the spear at the flat stone (wherecircumcision were performed).Leli siko nokho selashahalala kwelikaMthaniya liqedwa, umlomo ongakhulumimanga inkosi uShakaIsizathu esihle nesizwakalayo asibekayo esokuthi leli sikolalimphazamisa ezinhlelweni zakhe zezempi ngoba abafana babechitha isikhathiesiningi entabeni, belindele ukuphola kwezilonda nokufunda ubudoda. Yena wabonakungcono ukuthi ubudoda bufundwe komkhulu ngesikhathi sokubuthwaUKrige, (1950:116) uyakufakazela lokhu lapho ethi khona:It is generally believed that Shaka was responsible for theabolition of circumcision, which appears to have beenpractised before his time, for it is thought that the long trainingin the circumcision lodge and the concentration of all theattention ofthe men on the "school" would have been a serioushidnrance to Shaka's military projects.UBryant kuKrige, (1950:117) uyayivikela inkosi uShaka ngokuthi abeke ngokusobalaukuthi leli siko laqala ukushabalala ngesikhathi solama no Senzangakhona lnkosiuShaka yena wayecoboshisa llmshikashika owawuqalwe uyise noyisemkhulu laphoethi:Bryant states that circumcision was dying out already in thedays of lama and Senzangakhona and there is no doubt thatthis process must have been completed by the continuous32

warfare in Shaka's reign and his reorganisation on differentlines ofthe military system ofthe Zulus.Noma kunjalo kusancomeka nokho ukuthi zisekhona izigodi ezisaligcinayo leli siko,lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekuziphatheni kwabafana esizweni sakithi.UShaka akaliqedanga nya leli siko kepha waveza indlela engcono neyonga isikhathileyo yokuqhatha Ukuqhatha kwehlukile kunokusokwa UKhumalo, (2005) ulichazakanje leli siko:Ukuqhatha ukunquma umthambo ongaphansi esithwenisowesilisa ngokucumbuza untwentwesana olwehlukanisaumthambo nesitho sakhe sangasese ngeva lomsasane beseumthambo uboshwe uthi usi ngosinga lwenkunzi uzeunqamuke.Ukuqhatha kwehlukile nokusokwa ngoba khona kwenziwa abafana ekwaluseni.Asikho isikhathi esichithwayo besentabeni njengokusokwa Ukuze kusheshe kupholeizingqwele noma abafana abadala bayaye bamchamele umfana khona esilondeniukuze kungabhibhi. UNene, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalo mkhutshana:Umchamo uyikhambi elisetshenziswayo kwelakithi umaumuntu elirnele opha kakhulu enesilonda noma exhoshwewubuthi. Uma umuntu elirnele opha, kunenkolelo yokuthiuma echanyelwa ukopha kusheshe kunqamuke. Kanjalonesilonda sokuqhatha sisheshe siphole ngoba ingqweleiyingqwele ngoba isuke ikuxosha ngakho nezifo ezingadalaukuthi isilonda siphuze ukuphola ingazixoshaImfundiso ebitholakala ngenkathi abafana besentabeni isatholakala lapho abafanasebebuthwaOmakade bebona bamabutho ngamabutho bavula isigcawu sokuyala33

nokuqeqesha abafana ngendlela yokuziphatha nokuthi owesimame uphathwa kanjani.Liyancomeka leli siko lokuqhatha ngoba longa isikhathi.2.7 UkukhulaUkukhula lokhu kuyigxathu elibalulekile kakhulu empilweni yomuntu.lifika ngezindlela ezahlukene phakathi kwabafana namantombazane.Leli bangaLeli bangalihlukanisa inhloko nesixhanti ngoba lisuke selicacisa ukuthi intombazane isikhulengokwanele, ukuthi isingakhulelwa kanti kumfana ichaza ukuthi usengakhulelisa.Lokho okuchaza ukuthi ubuntu bakhe sebuphelele. Umfana ngokujwayelekile ukhulauma eseneminyaka elishumi nesithupha noma kube ngaphansana uma ngabe enokhaloolululaNgenxa yemfundiso enohlonze etholakala ekwaluseni, luqambe lufika lolu suku,umfana abe esazi kabanzi ngalo. Uzothi umfana engavakashelwa yisalukazi ashayweizibuko, avuke ekuseni kakhulu kusemnyama nabafowabo, bakhiphe zouke izinkomozakubo, kwenye inkathi nezomakhelwane, kusale kuphela amathole, bazise entabeni.Lokhu kufakazelwa uBarbara noPeters, (1983:118) lapho bethi:Professor Eileen Krige has described the traditional (andabbreviated) form among the Zulu. The boy awakens andleaves the homestead early in the morning following thedischarge, taking the cattle and informing no one. When thehomestead stirs, his and the animals' absence tells the storyand the boys who have reached puberty, but have not beenincluded in an age-regiment, set offto look for him.34

UMasondo, (1940:21) naye uvuma ingoma efanayo lapho ethi:Wabethi umfana mhIa ethombile avuke ekuseni kakhuluazikhiphe esibayeni izinkomo zakubo, nezabakhelwane bakhe,zalukele !rude lapho eqonda ukuba ziyekhona; kuyasa azisekhoesibayeni besebebona nabadala ukuthi ukhona umfanaphakatbi.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ngenkathi bekhipha izinkomo zeIDIZlengomakhelwane, kusuke kungasiniswa mahleza ngoba phela abaninizo bayalwa umabezwi1e. Ngakho-ke kufanele abafana laba bablome baphelele ukuze baphumelelekulo mshikashikaNgenkathi OOthunga le mizi engomakhelwane, abafana baleyomizi nabo baba mdibi munye nalaba abehlelwe yile nsambathekaBayahamba-keOOwumshungu, behamba bekha ummbila emasimini nokunye okudliwayo abazofikabakudle entabeni. Kubuye futhi kungcwekwe amavaka wona aqhuOO izinkomo.UMyeza, (2003) uyakweseka 10khu lapho ethi:Imfuyo yiwona mcebo omkhulu kwelikaMthaniya, ngakhoayikho indoda evuma ukuthi umuntu adlalele esibayeni sayo.Yingakho belwa nabafanyana uma OOthi bakhipha izinkomonoma bazikamhlophe ukuthi lokho kulisiko.Kuzothi kungabonakala ukuthi izinkomo azibonwa esibayeni bese kujutshwa abafanaasebekhulakhuli1e nowabo ukuba bahambe baye entabeni bayomthungathaBamthungatha yonke intaba, bathi bangamfica 10 mfana okhuli1e, bamhuqe ngodakalwenkalankala futhi bamphuzise namanzi ayo. Inkalankala isetshenziswa ngobakunenkolelo yokuthi uma ikulumile uguquka ubulili umntwana ngakho-ke umakusetshenziswa udaka noma amanzi ayo usuke usugonyelwe 10 mshophi.Kwenyeinkathi kuba izingqwele uqobo khona entabeni ezithuma abafana ababili noma35

abathathu ukuba ziyobika lowo osekhulile noma umakoti. Zifike zime enhla komuzikubo walowo osekhulile, zibike ukuthi lowo usekhulile.Uthi ungafika umbiko noma babone ukuthi "izinkomo zemukile", kusukee..~iDamathambosekuthunyelwa izigijimi ukuba ziyobikela omakhelwane ngalesisehlakalo. Inhloso yalokhu imbaxambili. Eyokuqala ukudlulisa umbiko nje, kodwaokukhulu kunakho konke uwukucela izipheko komakhelwane ngoba uMnnmzanewayezobhekana nomcimbi omkhulu. Ngaleyo nkathi futhi sekuzoqala umshikashikawokulungiselela 10 mcimbi. Ngenxa yobukbulu nokubaluleka kwalolu hlobolomcimbi, ukuwa kwentondolo kuMnnmzane akundaba yalutho.Intokozo iqhilikaizihlathi kwinhloko yekhaya nasemndenini imbala ngoba umfana esethathe igxathuelibalulekile empilweni wangena ebunsizweni. Sekuzophekwa nezibilibocoezizodliwa ngenkathi sekugujwa 10 mkhosi.Emva kokuzwakala kombiko, sekuzosuka uthuli lwezichwe ngoba sekuzosukaizinsizwa ezishiselwa igazi, zihambe ziyolanda izinkomo ngodli khona entabeni.Laphaya entabeni "usingaye" Iona usephahlwe izingqwele ngakho akubi lula njeukuyolanda izinkomo, kusiphuka udaka urna sezilandwa UMsimang, (1975:219)uyakwesekela lokhu lapho ethi:Kuwo lowo mnyama izinsizwa ezingarnashoshozela zizonelezibone ukuthi izinkomo azikho, bese zinikela entabenisezizilandile, zihlome ziphelele. Kokunye ziyamema zibelidlanzana kanti uma insizwa izethemba iyaphuma nomaiyodwa Yilapho kuzofike kukhethe khona ukbethi ngempelalapho sekublanganwa ngezifuba nangamabawu.36

Akufanele abafana bavume ukuhlulwa ngoba akufanele nangengozi ukuthi izinsizwalezi zihambe nenkomazi eyindlezane zize ziyoyisengaUma kungase kwenzekelokho, kuchaza ukuthi ukuthomba kwakhe kufekelile.Lokho okusho ukuthi nezintozakhe ngeke zamlungelaUma abafana behluleka, okungenani bayashweleza beseizinsizwa zibadinde ngenduku ngesenzo sabo sokukhipha izinkomo.lzinsizwa-keseziyoyibuyisela emuva inkomo leyo.Ngenkathi izinsizwa zisalande izinkomo, umnumZ8ne abamatasa elungisaamakhubalo nezintelezi zokuqinisa umfana wakhe.Lokhu kufakazelwa uKrige,(1950:89) lapho ethi:While the boys are away, the father ofthe boy or his guardianwill be preparing strengthening medicines with which tostrengthen the boy when he arrives home. Ifthe father knowssomething about medicines (knows intelezi), he may use hisown medicines. Or he may get the medicines already mixedfrom someone else and use these, observing the instructions ofthe giver. In some cases a doctor is employed, but this is notat all essential. Amakhubalo nezintelezi, barks and herbs areused for this purpose and usually the medicine is very bitter,imihlaba or aloes being amongst the herbs.Izinsizwa zazitheleka njalo zigcine seziyibutho eliphelele. Kuzothi laphoseliyozilabla knnina, uyise "kasingaye" athumele isigijimi ukuthi sibuyise izinkomo.Usingaye akabonwa abesifazane namantombazane njengoba nawo engabonwaabafana uma egonqile.Kuthi lapho sekuzongenwa esangweni usingaye ahaqweizingqwe1e nawontanga yakhe.Amantombazane asezoshaya abafana ngezinswazi,efuna ukubona usingaye kodwa abafana abaphindiseli nangengozi ngoba kwakulisiko.Kodwa bavimbe ukuthi engamboni.37

Lokhu kwesekelwa uKrige, (1950:91) lapho ethi:The boy is instructed not to go out, and not to speak to women.While in the hut he is covered up, orifhe is not, he will coverhimselfwhen anybody other than his mates approaches. He ishidden from view also by a screen specially made for theoccasion, or an old mat may be used. He speaks only inwhispers and has little boys to attend him. Ifsomeone makes ajoke and everyone laughs, he has to hide in his blanket whilelaughing. He may not leave the hut except to relieve nature,and then he goes surrounded by the boys ofhis group who arein attendance on him. As the boy must not be seen, especiallyby women, he is either covered with a blanket when outside orhe will walk in a bent position to avoid being seen.Uma usingaye esefike ekhaya, uma ngaphandle kwesango neqembu lakhe kuze kufikeuyise ezomqinisa.Ushiselwa izinyamazane, ancinde, akhothe nezibiba ezibabayoezixutshwe necembe lenhlaba njengeqwaningi, isikhubabende, nempila. Ekugcinenikekwephulelwa ekhanda udengezi olubomvu tebhu njengophawu lokumqinisa.Sekuzobuswa ubusuku bonke, kusinwa, kujatshulwa kube njeya.Ngakusasa umaengagonqanga, usezokhipha izinkomo zakubo nezomakhelwane kuphela hhayiezesigodi njengakuqala.Ngalelo langa izinkomo ziyobuya inhlazane bese ontangabemgunda ngensingo besusa izinwele zobungane eseshiya ezobinsizwa bese engenaemanzini okuzothi lapho ephuma, azethe izibongo kanye negarna lakhe lobunsizwa.Ukungena emanzini usuke esekhombisa ukuthi usethathe elinye igxathu ngobanegarna eliyisidlaliso kusuke sekuwukuphela kwalo lapha esezothola elobunsizwaazethe nezibongo ezizoba umIando wakhe. UJobe, (2003) uphawula kanjengokuphuca izinwele:Izinwele zisho lukhulu kumuntu ongurnZulu. UmZuluakumane asuke agunde kungenzeke sigameko. Kuyagundwauma umndeni ushonelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhonaokususiwe emndenini. Umakoti emva kwezinyanga38

eziyisithupha uyagoduka "eyophuca" okukhombisa ukuthiuseshiye konke okwakubo. Nomfana ukukhombisa ukuthiusehlukene nobungane usengena ebudodeni uyaphuca akhipheizinwele zobungane. Usuke ehlola umuntu omane aphuceesikhaleni kungenzeke lutho, angiphathi umakungowesifazane.Uma isiphothuliwe le ndima, usezobuyela ekhaya lapho azofika asenge.Uyiseumhlabisa ngentondolo, kubuswe bese emva kwalokho yilowo nalowo abambe azengayo.Emva kwalokho usuke eseyibhungu usengeshela aqonywe kodwa uyayalwaukuthi engadlaleli nangengozi esitsheni somnumzane.Intombi iyasomiswa ngobayicala elibomvu ukona umntanomuntu.UKrige, (1950:93) uyakuveza lokhu laphoethi:He is often specially taught how to behave himself with girls.He is warned that now that he is capable ofharming a girl byimpregnation, he should keep as far as possible from thesexual organ ofa girl and confine himself in any intercourseto the thighs. Boys are sometimes threatened and told that ifthey make any girl pregnant they will either be killed or ifsent to white people, will be imprisoned for a long time andcause all their father's cattle to be confiscated.UMasondo, (1940:23) ushaye1a isipikili kulombono lapho ethi:Yisoke lesi isikhatbi alaywa ngaso umfana 10, etshelwa ukuthinjengoba esethombile-nje ufanele aziphathe kahle impela,aqaphe angaboni abantwana babantu, ngoba kulihlazoelesabekayo lelo, futhi licala elibi lelo. Uyakhonjiswa indlelaafanele ukuhamba ngayo, uma ehlangana nentombazane,ukuze angayoni. Bayazi phela abadala ukuthi usezoqomisamanje, aqonywe, abesenza icala uma engalulekwanga. Phelautshelwa ukuthi asome-nje kuphela, angadluli kulokho, ngobaoke wakwenza lokho ubebulawa nokubulawa kwaZulukusesendulo, mhlawumbe intombi isuswe ekhayaiyoganiselwa ixhegu kwenye indawo.39

Kusukela ngosuku rnnfana ekhule ngalo udonswa ngendlebe ukuthi azwane namanzingoba uma kungenjalo uzoba nomsanka ogqashula ikhanda.Uyatshelwa ukuthikusukela ngalelo langa ukushaywa izibuko kuzoba insakavukela ngakho kuzofanelenjalo avuke kusemnyama eyogeza emfuleni futhi engabe esalala uma selimshayile.UMasondo, (1940:24) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Into eyaziswayo kakhulu nanamuhla, ngukuthi rnnfana ufaneleageze umzimba mhla ethombayo, ngoba nxa engakwenzangalokho uba nephunga elingapheliyo, umsanka owala noma kadeeyogeza, anuke. Futhi sengathi umuntu ubangumluthuwesithutha, nxa ekhuluma namantombazane ethonbile, nomaehleka nawo amazinyo akhe ababomvu. Kodwa lokhukwamazinyo abakunaki abanamuhlaKusukela osukwini lolruthomba, rnnfana uye ashaywe lizibukongezinye izinsuku, avuke kusemnyama ayogeza umzimbaemfuleni, ngoba uye anuke uma engagezanga Futhingamanyala ma umuntu edla nezibuko engaligezile. Uvukakusemnyama bangamboni ouina, angabe esalala nxa esephumaemfuleni, ngoba lizomphinda futhi.Kuyacaca-ke ukuthi uma ouke la masiko egciniwe egcinwa ngendlela efanele,unmtwana ukukhula kahle empilweni futhi abe wutho olubonakalayo emphakathini.Uyazihlonipha, alesabe ihlazo nechilo elithela umuzi kayise ngamahloni kuzekuphume izinkomo zokuhlawula nokugeza imizi yabanumzane kanye nendawoyenkosi.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi izindlela okugujwa ngazo 10 mkhosizehlukile ezigodini ngezigodi kepha okubaluleke kunakho ukuthiliyaqashelwanjengelinye lamazinga abalulekile empilweni yomfana40

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 UKWELUSA3.1 IsingenisoUmnumzane kwelikaMthaniya uhlonishwa., aziwe ngobuningi bemfuyo asuke enayo.Ubuningi bemfuyo ikakhulukazi izinkomo bukhombisa ngokusobala ukutbi Iowamnumzane umacaphuna kusale, uthulasizwe.Noma esikhatbini samanje ukhondololwempucuko yaseNtshonalanga selwangena lwatbi sm esikwenimpilo lwamaZululapho abanumzane sebehlonishwa ngamasentshana abasuke bewagqibe emabhange,kusathokozisa ukutbi liselikhulu kakhulu iqhaza elibanjwa imfuyo ezimpilwenizamaZulu. UMsimang, (1975:36) ubeka kanje ngalolu daba:Namh1anje abanumzane bakitbi sebehlonishwa ngokubakwaziwe ukutbi banezimali ezilondolozwe emabhange, nomakumbe bafundisiwe, noma-ke banezitolo nerninye irnisebenzienjalo. KwaZulu kusadliwa ngoludala kwakungekho konkelokho. Umnumzane obesatshwa., ekhulekelwa., yilowo kuphelaobenesibaya esibonakalayo.Lokhu kuphinde kwesekwe uCope, (1968:19) lapho etbi:The position of the cattle-fold in the centre of the Zulu kraalsymbolizes the paramount importance of cattle in Zulu life.References to cattle pervade the praise-poems, and the concordri, in the absence ofa specific subject or object, refers to cattle(izinkomo). The language contains literally hundreds ofterrnsfor cattle, distingnishing them minutely as to horns,colourings, and markings. Cattle have praise-names, and theowner ofa favourite or beautiful beast may compose and recitepraises in its honour. Wealth is counted in terms of cattle,which constitute the basis of the ceremony. They have legal41

value in marriage, for it is only the transfer ofcattle accordingto the lobola custom that legalizes a marriage and legitimizesits issue.Kuliqiniso elingephikiswe ukuthi yileso naleso sidalwa esingaphansi komthunziwelanga sidinga ukweluswa ndlela thize uma sifuna ukuphila kamnandi nangendlelaokuyiyo emhlabeni.Empeleni akekho umuntu noma isidalwa esingama ngornlenzeowodwa, sizishaye isifuba sithi sona asinamalusi ngaphandle uma sifuna ukuphilaimpilo ephambene nenqubo yesiNtu.Kusukela eMakhosini kuze koMongamelibamazwe, kubantllkazana kuze kusbaye phansi ezilwaneni kanye nasezinambuzaneniimbala, sonke sinomalusi wethu uMvelingqangi.Lokhu kufakazelwa imibhaloengcwele emaHubeni 23:1-4, lapha uDavide ethi:UJehova ungumalusi wami, angiyikuswelaUyangilalisa emadlelweni aluhlaza;Uyangiyisa ngasemanzini okuphumulaUbuyisa umphefumulo wami;Uyangihola ezindleleni zokulungangenxa yegama lakhe.Noma ngihamba esigodini sethunzi lokufa,angesabi okubi, ngokuba wena unami,intonga yakho nodondolo lwakho ziyangiduduzaLokhu kuphinde kufakazele ivangeli likaMphostoli uJohane, 10: 11 lapho ethi:Ngingumalusi omuhle.kwakhe ngenxa yezimvu.Umalusi omuhle udela ukuphilaNayo-ke imfuyo njengesinye sezidalwa sidinga ukweluswaKuleli gxathu sizogxilaIapha umfana eseqala ukwelusa nemikhutshana eyenziwa ekwaluseni.UkwelusaIokhu wumsebenzi okungasiniswa mahIeza kuwona ngoba kunemingcele nemigomoethize. Kufanele futhi kukhumbuleke kuthi ukwelusa lokhu akukhona nje ukuqapha42

imfuyo ngeso lokhozi kodwa kufana nesikhungo soqeqesho sezmga eliphezulu.UMsimang, (1975:180) uyakucacisa lokhu lapho ethi:Akukhona ukukhalima izinkomo zingadli amasimu kuphelaokwakwenza ukwelusa kubaluleke ekukhuleni kwabafanaendulo: Imbange1a yokubaluleka kokwelusa yinblakaniphonolwazi olwaluzuzwa ngabafana ekwaluseni. Lenhlakanipho iqhatbaniseka ncamashi nenhlakanipho ezuzwangabantwana banamuhla ezikoleni. Njengoba namuhlakuthiwa umntwana ongaqondisisi kahle izinto kayangaesikoleni, kokhokho umfana ongahlahlambile kahlekwakuthiwa akelusangaUmfana angeke ethi eqala ukwelusa, agagamele, aluse izinkomo.Uqala phansinjengazo zonke izimfundamakbwela, aluse izinkukhu, izimbuzi, amathole azeagogode ngokwelusa izinkomo.Yilelo nalelo zinga lokwelusa lineqhaza elikhuluelilibambile empilweni yomfana futhi elisalibambile nanamuhlalbanga lokukhulakomfana yilona eliwumhlahlandlela wokuthi umfana kufanele aluse ini.3.2 Ukwelusa izinkukhuUmntwana ngaphambi kokuba ahambe ngokugcwele,uqale agaqe ngamadolo,acathule aze ahambe kahle.Naye-ke umfana uqala khona emagcekeni asekhayangokwelusa izinkukhu. Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi naye umfana usukeesabhibhidla amagwebu ngalesi sikhatbi ngakho naye kufanele alume umthamoangakwazi ukuwuhlafunaNgenkathi elusa izinkukhu, abadala kunaye bayakwaziukwnkhuza uma ephaphalaza engayibheki imfuyo ngendlelalzalukazi namakhehlayibona abaqapha ngeso lokhozi ukuthi umfana ulandela yona ngempelainqubomgomo yokwelusa kuleli zinga43

Kuleli zmga alukho olutheni olwenziwa umfana ngaphandle kokulindaUmasekuyisikbathi sokulima, umfana ulinda izinkukhu, izimpange1e nezinkawu ukuthizingaqhwandi imbewu noma zicekele phansi izithombo. lzinkukhu ezigila 10 mkhubaziyalindwa bese ziphetshezwa ngamagabade uma ziza emasimini noma zivalelweemahhokweni.Izinkawu zona zijikijelwa ngezagila, noma zesatshiswe ngezichusekufakwe nonongekleni ukuthi zethuke uma zithi zicathamelela amasimu uma abafanabengekho.Unongekleni unodoli owakhiwa ube samuntu omkhulu ngezidwedwenoma ngotshani. Uma owakhile enekhono nomuntu imbala uyethuka umasekuhwalele ecabanga ukuthi umuntu ngempelaIzinyoni zona zilindwa ngezindwayimane noma ngezihlilingi.Uma zike zalubhadaemasimini, abafana abananazi, bazithela phansi ngazo izindwayimane kumbeizihlilingi. Lokho kubenza bathole iqashana, bafunde nokuzingela kanye nokunembaKwenye inkathi abafana bayazicupha ngezihishe noma ngezife, bafake ukudlaezikuthandayo njengecombo kumbe ingqululwane, amabele noma umbilaZiyothiziyadla, zibhabheke kulezo zife. Ezinye izinyoni zihlakaniphile, ziyakwaziukuzigwema izife zingabambeki, ezinye ziye zixakeke uma zihlangana nokudlaokuningi esikhaleni bese zingakudli.Yingakho kwaze kwaqhamuka isaga esithi:"Impangele iyawusola ummbila"Enye indlela yokuzibamba ukuzicupha ngenomfiukuze ngenkathi zithi ziyahlala, zibambeke zehluleke ukundizaNoma kunjaloizinyoni ziyakusobozela ukudla emasimini uma zithola ithutshana yize abafanabekhona Lokho kwenziwa ngabomu uMlenzemunye ngoba akafuni ukuthi izidalwazakhe zibulawe yinkemane.Yingakho kwaze kwaqhamuka isaga esithi "Ziwadlaelindiwe."Lapha kwakuqondiswe emabeleni kuphela kodwa kushiwo nakwezinyeizitshalo.44

Esinye isilwane esihlupha kakhulu ngokudla amabele imfene.wokozelisa abalindi ndlela thize bese zisina zizibethelaYona inomkhutshanaLokhu kufakazelwauMsimang, (1975:96) lapho ethi:UhIupho Iwezinyoni emabeleni Iwalungathi lungconywanalokhu zona ziyethuswa ngisho nangomnhlonhlo. Inkathazoenkulu kwakungeyokulinda izimfene. Zona zinele ziboneukuthi abalindi babukhali bese zibozelisa balale wo, zidle zizezigamanxe. Nakhona ekulindeni kwakhiwa amadlangalaWona aba nobamba ophakeme ukuze okuwo abone yonkeinsimu. Kubuye kubaswe nokubaswa kuthunqe intuthuyokwethusa zona izinyoni.Ukwelusa izinkukhu kusiza kakhulu abafana ukuthi bazi kabanzi ngezinhlobozezinyoni, imibala yazo nezithanda ukuhlupha emasimini njengejuba ntendele elidlaamabele nentaka yona evuka ekuseni ngovivi bengakaf"Iki abafana, izodla amabele.Bayazazi ezithanda ukudla amatshwele njengokholo, uklebe nokhozi nezidlaamaqanda njengegwababaKuyabasiza futhi ukuthi bakwazi ukutolika irnilayezoethile eshiwo izinyoni ngokukhala kwazo. Isibonelo salokhu uphezukomkhono. Lenyoni ivela ukuthwasa kwehlobo. lkhala ithi: "Phezu komkhono, wadl' imbewu". Lenyoni isuke ichaza ukuthi akuhanjwe kuyolinywa selethwese ihlobo. Ayazi-ke kulaboabahluleke ukubeka imbewu, bayidla ukuthi bona bazotshalani.Ngamanye amazwiiyabadabukelaBazothi bangayizwa abafana ikhala le nyoni babikele abadala.Kwenye inkathi kutholakale ukuthi nabo sebeyizwile sebezohamba beyophendulafuthi bayotshala emasimini izandulela emva kwezimvula zokuqala Abafana bafundanokwazi ukuhlukanisa ukukhala kwejubantondo nejubantendele. Ijubantendele yileloelikhala lithi: "Vu! Vu! Vu! Vuku!" Yingakho lethiwe ukuthi ivukuthu. Kantiijubantondolo uNyembezi noNxumaio, (1966:80) balichaza kanje:45

Yijuba elincane elivamise emasimini lidla amabele,nasemziniyabantu.Lapho behumusha ukukhala kwalo abantu bayaye bathi lithi:Amdokwe! Amdokwe! Amdokwe! Amabele!Avuthiwe! Ehlanzeni!Ijubantondo lisuke seliziceba ukuthi seliwahlolile amabele ngaphandle kwemvumeyomnikazi, lawathola uk:uthi asekulungele ukuvunwa.Bakwazi nokuhumushaukukhala kukawuye noma uhhuyi bathi uthi: "Bay' otshwaleni! Bay' otshwaleni!Bay' otshwaleni!" Ngamafuphi bayeke ukuyolima, baya otshwaleni. Sengathi lenyoni iyabalilela ngokulibala amanzi amponjwana bebe bengalimile kazi bayodlaningomuso.Kuleli zinga lokwelusa izinkukhu abafana bafunda kabanzi ngezinkukhu.Bafundangemibala yazo njengempangele, emlotha, ebomvu bafunde nangobulili bazonangokukhula kwamazinga azo. UMsimang, (1975:46) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Nayo inkukhu inazo izigaba zokukhula. Eyensikazi: itshwele,umvimbazane, isikhukukazi. Eyeduna: itshwele, ichogo(ixhogo) iqhude.Bafunda nangohlobo lwazo izinkukhu njengobhatomu, izimolisi.Baphinde bafundekabanzi nangezifo ezivame ukuphatha izinkukhu nokwelashwa kwazonjengomkhuhlane wesibindi olashwa ngokuthi sikhishwe ngeva.Uma ichithekelweinyongo, iphuziswa amanzi anecena eligxotshiwe. Uma iphethwe uphenyaneiphuziswa amanzi anomanyazini bese ihlikihlwa ngenhlaba emehlweni.Kufanelekukhumbuleke uk:uthi ngaphandle kokuthi izinkukhu zeluselwa ukuthi zikwazi46

ukwanda, zibuye ziluselwe ukuthi zingenzi umonakalo emasimini.lzinkukhuzingakusbaya inkambabeyibuza uma ungaqaphele emasimini ngoba zingayiqhwandayonke imbewu, ibuye idle nezitshalo ezisazohlumaUma inkukhu inalo mkhubanoma ithanda ukuhlukumeza ezinye ngokulwa, iyaye inqunywe umlomo ongenhlaukuze itheneke amandla ingabe isakwazi ukuqhwanda nokulwaIyathithibala njengoba iyathunukalaYingakho kwaze kwavela isaga esithi: "Inkukhu inqunyweumlomo".Kushiwo kumuntu osuke esethule engakhulumi ngoba engazi ukuthiuzothini ikakhulukazi uma kade esenga ezimithiyo kulokho akade ekusho.Abafana baphinde bafunde nangokukhula kwazo izinkukhu.Bayabona ukuthi umaamachogwana eseqala ukukikiliga kanzinyana, asuke esekhombisa ukuthiasekhulakhulile, asezoqala ukuxosha.Ayothi uma esuka, aqale ukuhamba lukekeeduze kwezikhukukazi lapho esekhombisa upbawu lokweshelaSebebona lamachogwana esekwazi ukulutha izikhukukazi ngokuziqhwandela ukudla, zicubungulaamagabade, kwenye inkathi kube ukudla mbumbulu.Ukuqaphela isikhathi ngenyeyezinto abayifundiswa zinkukhu. Izinkukhu zikhala kathathu andube kuse.Ezokuqala zikhala ngehora lesithathu ekuseni, ezesibili zikhala ngehora lesine,ezesithathu ngehora lesihlanu.Kusukela ngehora lesihlanu zisuke sezehla emthini.Bayafunda njalo ukuthi indoda ilala obenyoni ukuze izwe izinto ezenzekayo ebusukunjengokukhonkotha kwezinja, ukukbala kwezinkomo, ukukhala kwamankonyane.Lokho kusho ukuthi indoda kufanele ilunguze pbandle ingaze ificezelwe yimpiendlini. Kokunye ufunda ukwazi ukuthi abafowabo bavuka nini uma beya edibheninoma beyolima47

UMsimang, (1975:90) usibeka kanje isikhathi sokukhala kwezinkukhu:- kuzothi ngo-"3 a.m." bazi ukuthi sekuyintathakusa, ofunaukuvukela ngoba enolwendo azoluhamba, usengavuka, babonangokuphuma kwekhwezi, bezwe futhi ukukhala kwezinkukhukokuqala.Ekukhaleni kwezinkukhu zesibili, sekungu-4 emawashini,bona babebheka esibayeni, bafice ukuthi izimpondozawoSohlanti, oMabhengwane, noSiyecaleni seziyabonakalanoma imibala yezinkomo yona ingakabonakali, sebezothi-kekumpondozankomo. Ngesikhathi sika-5 sekukhala izinkukhuzokugcina, sekuzontwela ezansi kushone ikhwezi besezehlaizinkukhu.Kuleli zinga abafana yibona abaxosha izinkukhu uma zizohlatshwa okungewonaumsebenzi olula nokho.Ngakho-ke abafana bafunda amaqhinga okuzibambanjengokumboza ngamasaka noma baziluthele ehhokweni ngokuphosa ummbila usukaphandle uze ufike lapho ehhokweni.Lo mkhutshana kuba ngcono uma wenziwaumuntu ojwayele ukuziphakela izinkukhu ngoba uma kungenjalo zimane ziwushayeindiva zingawudli.Zisuke zisola ukuthi sengathi ziboshelwa amanqina enyathi.Yingako kwaze kwavela nesaga esithi: "Inkukhu iyawusola umbila".Uma abafana sebeyibambile, bayethula kwabadala ukuba inqunywe. lmvamisa 10msebenzi wenziwa ngabesimame.Kuyenzeka inqunywe abesilisa uma leyo nkukhukungeyokwenza isiko elithile.Kuyothi uma isinqunyiwe, ikhanda linikwe abesilisa,uma isichuthiwe yahlinzwa amathumbu anikwe abafana ukuthi bazitike ngawo.Bawakhuculula konke ukungcola ngokuwakhama bese bewathandela othini bawose.Ukubona kwabo kuh1inzwa inkukhu kwenye inkathi nabo bebamba kubahlomiselaingomuso uma sekuh1inzwa izimbuzi nezinkomo.48

Kuleli banga abafana bafunda umkhutshana wokuqhatha amaqhude. Umfana uqhathaamaqhude akubo kuqala, kuhambe baze baqhathe nawakamakhelwane.NgenkathiOOwaqhatha basuke bewabongela OOthi:Qhude manikiniki!Mnike isongo lakhe!Amaqhude azothi engezwa le nhIokomo avukwe uhIevane, adumelane kusiphukeudakalsongo leli yilezi zimpaphe ezivukayo zime ziOO yindingilizi emqaleniweqhude uma selidiniwe kube sengathi isongo. Uma elwa amaqhude kuba sengathiabanga la masongo ngoba uma elinye selihluliwe, ziyehla lezi zimpaphe kubesengathi selinikele ngalo isongo kuleyo mbangi.Amaqhude aseOOnzisa amazipho, imizwezwe nemiIomo ukulwaUNyembezi,(1992:560) uyichaza kanjena imizwezwe:Iva elicijile elimila ezithweni zeqhude.Imizwezwe noma imiqhobhe imiIa eqhudeni uma selinmkantshubomvu.Umaliselincane liba nemihluhluwe yona engaqinile njengemizwezwe ngoba umaesemancane amaqhude awalwi into etheni.Noma ingaba mikhulu kangakananiimizwezwe, iqhude alibi nankinga Yingaidlo kwaze kwavela nesaga esithi:"Akuqhude lasindwa yimizwezwe".Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi umuntu uyazithwalelaumthwalo wakhe njengomuntu onezingane eziningi.Le mizwezwe yiyo futhiekhombisa ukuthi iqhude selilidala kangakanani.49

Amaqhude ayaludonsa usuku elwa kuze kuphele ngokuthi elinye lijokole umaseligadle zephuka noma kuphele ngokuthi elinye liye koyisemkhulu.Lo mdlalowokuqhatha amaqhude ubahlomisela ingomuso lapho sebelusa izinkomo, sebeqhathaizinkunzi. Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ngaphandle kokuthi amaqhude alwa umaeqhathiwe, abuye alwe njengazo zonke izidalwa zesilisa ezibanga ukwengamelaizikhukukazi.Kwenye inkathi kulwa ingagamela yeqhude kanye nomagugelejele,ashayane kube yindabaUbhatomu ephuma ngaphansi kwemilenze, eshayanangezifuba abebomvu izingedla3.3 Ukwelusa izimbuziLeli yizinga elithe thufhu ekwaluseni ngoba nomfana usuke esethe thuthungokwengqondo nangokornzimba Kuleli zinga umfana ulusa nezimvu. Ngebhadiizimvu azinakiwe kangako uma uziqbathanisa nezimbuzi.lzimbuzi zibalulekekakhulu kwaZulu ngoba uma kuthethwa idlozi ayisali.Uma kuzohlatshwa inkomoekhaya kwendlalelwa ngayo. Inkomo ayibulawa kungazange kuqalwe ngembuzi umakungumsebenzi. Isizwe samaZulu siyisizwe esaziwa kakhulu ngokuba nesihe ngakhoimbuzi yaziwa njengempahla yesipho. Uma umuntu evakashile, uhlatshiswa imbuzi.Abakhwenyane indlakudla yabo kuba imbuzi noma kuhambele izikhulu ziphiwaizimbuzi kwenye inkathi kube imvu.Akulokothwa nangengozi kuthethwe idlozingemvu ngoba imvu isilwane esidume ngokuthulaKanti kubalulekile ukuthi umakwenziwa lolu hlobo 10 msebenzi isilwane sikhale. Yingakho imbuzi yadliwa yilolonkatho lokllhlatshwa kwalo noma isikhala kuba nhlanga zimuka nomoyalsagaesithi: "UkukhaIa akusizi kwehlula imbuzi" abanye benezela nangokuthi: "Nembuzi50

yaze yafa ikhala" Savela kanjalo nesithi "Umuntu uyimvu" uma elungile, engathandiulrukhuluma UMsimang, (1975:36) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:-Ngenxa yokuhlabela abaphansi, awukho umuzi wesiZuluowawungafunyanwa ungenayo imbuzi, yiyo kuphela ebithethaamadlozi. Lokhu kwakwethenjwa ngoba yona iyakhala laphoibulawa Yiqiniso ukuthi nenkomo yabe isetshenziswa kodwakokuningi bekwendulela imbuzi kuthethwe ngayo abalele,kubeyikhona kuhlatshwa inkomo. Imvu ayizange nakanyeyenze umsebenzi wabaphansi, ngoba yona ayilokothi ikhaleukukhala lokhu kubaluleke njena ngoba kuthiwa yikhonabezokuzwa abaphansi bese besondela bezokuzwa isikhalo leso.Izimbuzi nezimvu zona zeluselwa buqamama nasekhaya ngoba zidinga utshaninamacembe eziblahlaNgenxa yokuthi nazo zingenza umonakalo ezitshalweni,abafana bayaziqapha ngezinduku ukuthi zingasondeli ngakhona Ngenkathi besendleabafana, bayaqapha ukuthi amazinyane engadliwa izilwane zasendle ezifananezimpungushe, amakbanka, amankentshane, izimpisi, nezinye.Kufanele bagwemeukuthi onina bengahambi namazinyane uma esemancane kakhulu, engakakwaziukuhamba ngoba kugcina sekungumthwalo wabo sebewaqukula noma sebewafIhlauma esefunwa oninaKuleli zinga bafunda ubulili balezi zilwane namazinga okukbula kwazo. UMsimang,(1975:45) uwachaza kanjena amazinga okukbula kwezimbuzi:Njengenkomo nembuzi inezigaba zokukbula Encaneesandakuzalwa kuthiwa izinyane. Izinyane leduna lineleliqhume izimpondo kuthiwe isiphohlohlwana kanti elensikazikuthiwa isibhnzazana Isiphohlohlwana siyathenwa sibeintondolo. Uma singathenwanga siba impongo. Isibhuzazanesikhula sibe imbnzikazi.51

Kwezinye izigodi iziphohlohlwana bazibiza ngokuthi iziphongwanaUyaqhubekauMsimang, (1975:45) ahlaziye kanje:Izigaba zokukhula kwezimvu ilezi: Izinyane (imvu ezelwengakho kodwa), ixhnrnazana (imvu yensikazi esiphumileebuzinyanyeni), inqama (imvu yeduna esikhulile), ixhukazi(imvu yensikazi esindala). Uma izinyane lenduna litheniwelingakangeni ebunqameni kuthiwa yintondolo njengembuzinoma kuthiwe yihhamulaAbafana bafunda nokukhumisa izimbuzi nezimvu. Inhloso yomkhumiso ukuthi lezizilwane zikhuluphale.Umkhumiso ohamba phambili yilowo owenziwa ngesigaxasesihlahla sencamu.Izintondolo zona zikhunyiswa katbathu ngonyaka kanti ezinyeimvamisa kuba kanye. Singasho singananazi ukuthi umhlahlandlela wokudlakwesimanje okuyimikhumiso abaseNtshonalanga bakuthathela esizweni samaZulu.Sekwaze kwaba khona nesaga esithi "Umkhumiso ulingene izintondolo".Okushoukuthi leyo nto ilingene 1300 bantu ncamashi, angeke kusale lutho.Lesi sagasisuselwa ekutheni uma kugqulwa umkhumiso, awenziwa ube mningi, wenziwaulingane nemfuyo leyo ngoba awusebenzi njalo.Ngaphandle kokuthi umkhumisoukhuluphalisa izimbuzi nezimvu, ubuye ube ikhambi lokwelapha lezi zilwaneesiswini uma zinenkinga nasemikhuhlaneni ethile.Ezimbuzini umkhumiso ubuyewenzelwe ukuthi izimbuzi zizale amaphahlaAbafana bayaqapha ukuthi izimbuzi nezimvu zingangenwa izifo ngokungenasidingo.Bayazikhipha ngenhlazane sekuwe amazolo ukugwema ukuthi izimbuzi zingatholiamazolo ngoba amazol0 nemvula inkukhu nempaka ezimbuzini.Yingakho isibayasezimbuzi nesezimvu ziyaye zifulelwe ukugwema ukuthi zingatholwa imvula lzimvunezimbuzi ziyaye ziphathwe umkhuhlane olashwa kalula ngokuziphuzisa amacembe52

omqaqongo agayiwe waxutshwa namanzi.Abafana bayaqeqeshwa ngamakhambinemithi ethandwa izimbuzi nezimvu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimbuzi ziyazifelangomthole. Uma zithola wona ziyafa ukukhuluphalaAbafana baphinde bayinakekele le mfuyo uma isibuya ntambama ukuthi iphelelenokuthi ayikho yini exhugayo.Uma ikhona iyaxilongwa, ithole usizo olufanelenjengokuyiphuzisa umuthi noma abike ukuze ifakwe umhlatshelo noma iphuzisweumhlabelo. Zaziwa yibo abafana ezizelwe nezikhweliwe. Uma zithenwa yibonaabazibambayo noma ziblatshwa yibo ababamba amanqinaKuye kwenzeke kuthi ngenkathi sebezibala kutholakale ukuthi impongo ayibonwa,ilahlekile.Kusuka esinamathambo isihanjwa, ibhekwa emizini engomakhelwane.Empeleni impongo isuke ingalahlekile kodwa isuke isagajwe ubumnandi bokukhwelabese ize ikhohlwa ukuthi kufanele ibuyele kwezakubo. Umfana uqhubeka njalo edeeyibheka komakhelwane, belandula, bemyalela phambili aze agcine eyitholile ngobaangeke abuyele ekhaya elambatha ngoba kuzothiwa ubudedengu, akayiqaphi kahleimfuyo. Hleze athole noswazi lokumphaphamisa.Omunye umkhutshana okhonzwe abafana owokugjbela izinqama nezimpongo.Izinqama lezi baziblala izithonto, babembelele ezimpondweni zazo wena owabonaumuntu eqhoqhobele injomane.Lokhu kusuke kungumdlalo nje wokuzejwayezaukuthi ngelinye ilanga bayoziqhoqhobala izinjomane. Kuyenzeka 10 mdlalo uphethesekukhona abalimele noma sebephuke imilenze. Kwalani ukuba zibadubulengesimongo esiswini qede umfanyana alale isithongwana Bayazazi ngemibala yazoizimvu nezimbuzi zakubo. pbakathi kweminye kukhona ezimhlophe ezifana neziduli53

uma zibuqamama eqeleni. Kukhona ezimnyama, kukhona ezinsundu. Kukhonaezimhlophe zibemnyama ngamakhandaNgisho kuzalwa izinyane, umfana ulibonanje ukuthi yinqama noma yimpongo yakwabani ngoba lifana nayo.Ngisho zilwaizinqama, uyazi ukuthi azilwi njengezimpongo ezisuka ziye phezulu qede zihlanganengezimpondo.Izinqama zilwa ngokuba enye ihlehJe, bese ziza ngamandla zizezidudulane ngezimongo. Ngakho bayazi ukuthi uma ihlehJa inqama isuke ingabalekikodwa ilande amandla. Kwaze kwavela isaga sezinsizwa esithi:Yahlehl' inqam' umahlehJa!Yahlehla!Ayihlehl' iy' emuva ayinaluvalo!Ayiye phambili ayinaluvalo.Lokhu kuveza ubungozi benqama uma ihlehla ngoba iyoianda amandla okugaleiangamandla amakhulu nasabekayo.Nezimbuzi bazazi ngemibala yazo ukuthi kukhona ezinsele, ezimhlophe, ezimpunga,ezimnyama, ezilikhanka nezinye nezinye. Bayazi futhi uma ihlatshiwe imbuzi nomaimvu, bazokhama ezangaphakathi njengamathumbu, usu, umtshazo nopopopo.Bayazi ukuthi bazokosa umtshazo, bosele abadala amathumbu amhlophe ngobaamnandi ngoba anokubabababa ngenxa yokuthi zidla izihlahla. Lokho nabokuyabelusa ngoba lezo zihlahla zingumuthi ezimvini nasezimbuzini kanye nakubouma sebewuthola kwezangaphakathi.Ngisho isiphekiwe, bayazi ukuthi bazokudla amanqina kuthi inhloko idliwe ngabadalabesilisa.Konke lokhu bakufunda bekhula ukuthi inqunywa, yathiwe, ihlinzwe54

kanjani imbuzi noma imvu.Ihlinzwa ngokuyidusha ngesithupha ukuze ingasaleliesikhunjeni. Bafunda nokuthi ihlahlwa kanjani inhloko yayo.3.4 Ukwelusa imivemve, amankonyane, amathole, amaguqaAbakhapheyana yibona abelusa imivemve, amankonyane, amathole kanye namaguqakuleli zingaYigxathu elibalulekile ngendlela engachazeki kunaleli banga ngobakusuke sekunuka emakhaleni ukuba awelele ebangeni lokugcina ekwaluseni, lelogxathu elokwelusa izinkomo. UNyembezi, (1992:524) uwuchaza kanje umvemve:Inkonyane eqeda kuzalwaLeli banga lenkonyane lelanywa elenkonyane.Inkonyane yilelo banga laphoesemancane esalala emathombeni noma ezihulugwini futhi esaphila ngobisi.esakhulekwa emanqineni ngesisinga uma esethombeni noma exhibeni.AsukeNgishokusengwa, inkonyane ibanjwa ngumfana ngenqina, aguqe nayo eduze kukanina ukuzeayikhothe. Inkonyane iyashiyelwa uma unina eyisigqala ukuze idle isuthe. Vmaunina efihla kumbe egodla, uyaphindwa umphehlu ukuze inkonyane ingahudi.Kokunye unina uze asilekwe ngobulongwe obumanzi emibeleni uma efIhla ukuzeinkonyane ingahudi ngoba lokho kuyingozi. Kuyenzeka uma unina egodlaubhambabulwa ashiywe ulimi.Savela kanjalo isaga esithi nenkomo iyashayelwaubisi Iwayo.Inkonyane ikhula ize idle utshani yeluselwe ezaleni eduze kwesibayaIkhula izeibeyithole yeluswa eduze komuzi ukuze ingahlangani nonina funa yenyise, kwephuke55

ukhezo bese abelusi beshaywa Sivela kanjalo isisho esithi: Lwephuka ukhezo!Kufanele aValelwe amankonyane namathole ekuseni angadli utshani obunamazolongoba buyingozi. Az£ anikelwe ngenhlazane uma sekuzosengwa, kuklezwekuphuzwe nehongo. Knhle bazi kusemanje abafana ukuthi awanikelwa amankonyanekungafiwe.Uma bewanikela kungafiwe umuzi ungadliwa yizinswazi zemiswaziyabaphansi engaholela ngisho ekuphumeni kwesidumbu.UNyembezi, (l992:159) ulichaza kanje iguqa:Ithole elidala lenduna elisancela noma inkonyane esiphumaizimpondo.Leli gama lisuselwa ekutheni leli thole lisuke selilidala ukuthi lingancela futhi selilidekuze kudingeke ukuthi liguqe uma lifuna ukuncelaUbuguqa beguqa benza ukubaimbongi yeSilo uDinuzulu imbonge ithi:Ithole loka MsweliElanyisa liguqile.Kokunye kuze kudingeke ukuba lifakwe isamfonyo ukuze lingakwazi ukuncelaPhela isimfonyo senza ukuba unina ablabeke bese elikhahlela iguqa lingabe lisancelaImimvemve namankonyane kweluselwa ezaleni noma eduze kwesibaya ukuze afundeukudla Irtshani obuthambile ubabe aze ajwayele.Amathole wona aweluselwa kudeedlelweni njengezinkomo kepha eluselwa budebuduze nasemakhaya Lokhukwenzelwa ukuthi amankonyane engablangani nonina futhi kwenzelwa nokuthi lababafanyana bengahlangani nezingozi ezingaphezu kwamandla abo futhi kuthi noma56

insika isithanda ukuwa, kuoo lula ukuthi bayoyivusa ekhaya ngoba basukebesebancane. Ngakho nokulamba kubona kusabajahaLaba bafanyana bayaqikelela ukuthi imimvemve namankonyane awahlangani noninangaphambi kokusengwa aze ahlangane nabo uma esenikelwa ngenkathi sezibuyainhlazane.Asikho nasinye isidalwa esithanda ukuhlukana nomntwana waso nomangasiphi isizathu. Nazo izinkomazi ziyakhalima zifuna ukuhlangana namankonyaneazo. Ngenkathi amankonyane nemivemve ezwa onina OObhonsa noma OOkhalimanoma ebona onina uqobo, avukwa uhlevane lokujabula, kutshakadule kuze kumiseimisidlana Kwenye inkathi bawaxosha baze bakhale, OOgwema ukuthi amankonyaneengahlangani nonina Ukubhonsa kwezinkomazi kuthiwa ziphunga imikhonto yezithaezingase zihlasele umuzi.Amankonyane awalaliswa nangengozi nonina ngoba uma kungenziwa njalo ngekebaluthole ubisi olwanele ngakusasaOmunye umkhuba othandwa yilaba bafanyana ukugiOOla imivemve namankonyane.Ngenkathi benza 10 mdlalombumbulu bayawa kwenye inkathi balimale kokunyebaphuke kodwa lokho akunakwa kakhulu ngoba kuthathwa ngokuthi bayaqina.Lokhu kugitshelwa kwamankonyane kuyatholakala nasemaBhunwini.Ziyashaywakeizingane zamaBhunu uma zigile 10 mkhuba Incwadi ethi Moreson Reeks Std 2inenkondlo enemigqa ethi:Ajaa...Die katte kwaad.Kalwers word gery,Hoenders jaen varkies vang,57

Word almal pak laat kry.UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:28) babeka kanje ngalo mdlalo:Lo mdlalo udlalwa ngabafana Amathole lawa agitshelwaahanjiswe kubonwe ukuthi ngubani ozowiswa yithole.Kubonakale futhi okuzothi noma libhoka ithole angawi,aligibele lize lifoje. Lo mdlalo ufundisana ukugibela noma-keuke ube yingozi uma kubanjwa amathole asekhule kakhuluanolaka Awagitshelwa futhi esemancane kakhulu ngobaukuwabulala lokho.Abafanyana bafuodiswa kabanzi ngokubaluleka nokunakekelwa kwemfuyo.Lisukelimshonele futhi ebhekwe isambane uqobo lwaso umfana osuke elable imfuyo.Amathole namankonyane aqhele ukulableka ngenkathi sekuyodijwaKujwayelekeukuthi aduke alandele irnihlambi okungeyonaUma umfana ebenenhlanhla umalihambe nomhlambi womuntu owethembekile ngoba uyaye afuoisele ngaloekudibheni okulandelayo uma kuze kwashaya isikhathi sokudibha bengakalitholi.Nokho kubanzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi imfuyo eyakini uma ingenalo uphawu.Yingakho-ke abafana bayafuodiswa izindlela zokwenza uphawu nokuthi Iwenziwakanjani namagama azo izirnpawu. lzimpawu ezenziwayo azifani asikwa esemancane.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi umfana akwazi ukubona uphawu lwakubo.Kukhonauphawu okuthiwa isisila senkonjane.Lolu phawu Iwenziwa echosheni Iendlebelufane nesisila senkonjane esifana nesisila senhlanzi.Kokunye kuba yiso elilodwalesikeyi. Kokunye kuha ngamehlo amabili esikeyi. Kokunye kube amehlo amathathuesikeyi nezinye.Inhloso enkulu yophawu ukufundisa abafana ukuqikelela izinto zomndeni, lokhookubenza bakwazi ukuthi baqikelele izinto zesizwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu58

kubahlomisela ukuthi bakwazi ukuqikelela izinto zabo uma sebenemindeni nomabengakabi nayo. Uma kusengabafana kuthiwe inkunzi isematholeni. Umasebeganiwe kuthiwe yindoda yamadoda noma yindoda emadodeni.Benze izintoezephusile ngokomqondo ngezikhathi zonke knze kuthiwe ubudoda abukhulelwa,udodile ndodanaUma seliya ngomutsha wendoda, abafana bavalela imivemve namankonyane exhibeninoma ethombeni kokunye esihulungwini.Amankonyane nemimvemve akulaliswanangengozi nonina Uma kungase kwenziwe lelo phutha kungasho ukuthi abasafuniukusenga ngoba amankonyane engazitika ubusuku honke ngobisi.Amankonyaneakhulekwa ngoqhotho lwentamho olubizwa ngokuthi isisinga enqineni.lnkonyaneayisheshi iyijwayele le ntambo ngoba isnke ingakajwayeli ukukhulekwalyayeigxumagxume inkonyane izama ukuzikhulula, ekugcineni igcine isithobela umthetho.Yingakho kwaze kwavela nesaga esithi: "lnkonyane yethuka isisinga" Lokho kushoukuthi umuntu into usandakuyiqala, akakajwayeli.Amankonyane nemivemve kuze kuhlangane nonina ngakusasa uma sezibuyainhlazane, esenikelwa ngenkathi sekusengwa uknze athambise imibele, behlise kalulaomna.3.5 Ukwelusa izinkomolsuke isigcagcele esokeni kumfana uma esefike kuleli zingaUkwelusa izinkomokuyiphupho nezifiso zawo wonke umfana Usuke esefike eqophelweninasesikhungweni sokugcina nesiphezulu lapha umfana ngoba yilapho ethola khona59

ingonyuluka yoqeqesho.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ukwelusa lokbu akukbonanje ukuqapha ngeso lokbozi izinkomo noma imfuyo ukuthi ingadli amasimu kephakufana nesikbungo soqeqesho.UMsimang, (1975:150) ukuveza kahle lokbu lapho ethi:Akukbona ukukbalima izinkomo zingadli amasimu kuphelaokwakwenza ukwelusa kubaluleke ekukhuleni kwabafanaendulo: imbangi yokubaluleka kokwelusa yinhlakaniphonolwazi olwaluzuzwa ngabafana ekwaluseni. Le nhlakaniphoiqhathaniseka ncamashi nehlakanipho ezuzwa ngabantwanabanamuhla ezikoleni.OkaNonkosi ubuye alucwaningisise lolu Iwazi ebese eludidiyela ngononina, alufakeezibayeni ezinkulu ezintathu.Isibaya sokuqala yilapho abafana bethola uqeqeshomayelana nokunakekela imfuyo.Lapha umfana ufunda isikbathi sokukbipha, aziukuthi izinkomo akufuneki ziphume ekuseni kakbulu lingakaphakami ilanga funazithole amazolo bese ziphathwa umkbuhlane omubi okuthiwa yisashu.Lokbukumfundisa ngokungananazi umfana ukuthi yini inhlazane. UMakbathini, (2003)uyichaza kanje inhlazane:Ukukbaphela izinkomo ziyokudla ekuseni ngaphambikokuba zisengwe kodwa kuqikelelwe ukuthi amazoloawasemaningi nelanga seliphakeme.Le ncazelo kaGxabhashe iyahambisana nekaNyembezi, (2002:187) lapho ethi:Inhlazane ukwaluka kwezinkomo ziyokudla ngaphambikokusenga ekuseni noma isikhathi sasemini yasekuseni.60

UMsimang, (1975:90) ubekakanje ngenhlazane:Ngesikhatbi sika-5 sekukhala izinkukhu zokugeina,sekuzontwela ezansi kushone ikhwezi bese zehla izinkukhu.Emva kwalokho liyaphuma ilaoga, ngesilungu u-6. Kuzothingo-7 kuphume izinkomo okhokho bebethi into eyenzeke ngo­7, yenzeke ziphuma inhlazane. Eyenzeke ngo-ll sezibuyazizosengwa bebethi yenzeke emini yasekuseni noma zibuyainhlazane.Baphinde bafunde nendlela yokufuna izinkomo uma zibadukele ngokusebenzisaisilwaoyana esineaoe okuthiwa unkomozingaphi. Lesi silwaoe sinekhaoda elixegayoelikwazi ukuzungeza. Kuye kuthi lapho ligeine libheke ngakhona bafunele ngakhonaKulesi sibaya umfana uphinde afunde utshaoi obuhle obunothile nobunomsoeonjengobabe, umnyaokomo, insinde, intunga noqunga olusakhulayo. Baphindebafunde notshaoi nezilwaoyana eziyingozi njengendlolothi elikhula eduze nemifulalukhaphuzele lube luhlaza ewe kanti luyingozi ezinkomeni.Uma inkomo idle lobutshaoi iqumba isisu iyoze ilashwe ngokuthi iphuziswe iyambazi noma iphuzisweizinsipho zotshwala.Kukhona nesilokozaoe inkomo engadabuli kuso okuthiwaumahambaoendlwaoe noma unkulunkundleni.Lesi silokozaoe basetha leli gamangoba sihlale sihudula indlwana eyakhiwe ngezinti ezisamhlaoga.Siveza ikhaodalaso, kuthi uma kuqhamuka okusasitha ilifake phakathi ikhaojana.lzinkomo ziyawazi umahambaoendlwana kodwa kuyenzeka ngeshwa ziwudlezingaqondile.Inkomo ikhihliz3 amagwebu ngokushesha, ingabe isakwazi ukudla.Uma kudenjeswele ukuyiphuzisa ubisi, ishoba lingalala amazolo. Kukuso lesi sibayalapho abafana abafunda khona izikhatbi zokukhwelana kwezinkomo nokuzivikelauma sezimithi. UM~imang, (1975:151) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:61

Kungasengwa kukhanywe imilaza, kwethiwe amagula,izinkomo sezizoqala ukwetshisa khona esibayeni bese kuthiwazisaphunga imikhonto. Kokunye zetshisa ngaphandle komuziphansi kwezihlahla Bangadla abafana sebezoziqhubaziyophuza, ukusuka lapho sebezohlangana khona bashishizeleamavukana nezinkunzi ukuba zikhwele izimanzi. Yilaphobebona khona nezithile ezizophunziswa izinkunzi ngokulozizilandela kanti bese zibambile. Sebezofuna amafuthaentothoviyane bagcobise, isithole leso ukuze siphephe.Esinye isilokazane esiyingozi inkume.Abafana bayafundiswa ukuthi bangazidlisiizinkomo otshanini obuseduze nasemazaleni nalapho kugcwele khona izinkume.Inkume nayo iyingozi uma inkomo ithuke yayidlaKufanele iphuziswe iyambazielixutshwe namakhathakhatha athile ukuze ishoba lingalali amazolo.Okunye abakufundayo abafana ukuthi baqaphele amaguqa amaduna uma eqhumaizimpondo. Bazishaya ngethunga ukuze zibuye kahle, limise kahle ikakhulukazi umabefuna lelo guqa libe yinkunzi ukuze likwazi ukuphosa kahle uma selibhekenenezinye izinkunzi ngomuso.Kulesi sibaya abafana bafunda nokuqhatha izinkunzi. Awukho umdlalo othokozelwaabafana njengalona ekwaluseni. Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi izinkunziziyinzalankomo.Ngaphandle kwazo izinkomo zingaba yindlala futhi ngeke zande.NOtna zibaluleke kanjalo abafana bayaziqhathaAbafana bafunda indlela yokuvavaizinkunzi. lzinkunzi bazivava ngocelemba noma ngommese obukhali benzeamabazela bese beyawaxhoza amabazela ngawo ucelemba noma basebenzise isihlaboukuze zisuleke kahle izimpondo, zicije ngendlela afuna ngayo umfanaKufanelekuqapheleke ukuthi ngenkathi beyivava inkunzi, kungaze kufike ehlezeniokuwumongo wophondo. UNgcolosi, (2003) ubeka kanje ngokuvava:62

Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuvava inkunzi kuze kuvele ihleza ngobauma inkunzi isihlaba usentu izimpondo ziyaphukaUma isivaviwe, abafana bagcoba izimpondo ngamafutha ukuze izimpondo ziqinezingephuki kalula Enye indlela ejwayelekile yokulola inkunzi ukuyithelangezibonkolo elunda noma ukuyiyisa esidulini. UMsimang, (1975:42) ubeka kanje:Bazama ngayo yonke imizamo ukuba inkunzi yakubo yehlulezonke ezinye zesigodi leso. Kuthi ekweluseni bafuneisidleke sezibonkolo emithini, bathi bangasithola basithathebasilahlele elunda lenkunzi. Zizoyiluma-ke izibonkolo kantiseziyayicija ukuba ibe nolaka olungayiwa. Kokunye bayisaendaweni eneziduli lapho izofike ihlabe khona uhlentu,izimpondo zingacijeki kube zinungu. Okunye okulolainkunzi kuyenze yale ukhasha ukuyicija izimpondo,uziphendule ngembazo zibheke emuva. Lokhu okuphemulileusuzokugcina emsamo endlini engenhla. Ngiyihululeimfibinga enye inkunzi ingadlela ogageni.Abanye baze basebenzise ngisho nemithi uqobo. Bayayigcaba ngamafuthaezinyamazane ezesabekayo njengengwe nenyathi, abanye bayigcobe ubusongamafutha ebhubesi ukuze elwa nayo imane itheneke amandla, ijokole iboneisilwane esesabekayo phambi kwayo.Ukuyibongela futhi kungenye yezindlela zokuyifaka ugqoZl.UNyembezinoNxumalo, (1966:31) ukweseka kanje lokhu:Abafana banomdlalo wokweqhatha izinkunzi zezinkomo.Ezinye izinkunzi zize ziwufunde 10 mkhuba kangangokuthibathi abafana bangayibongela nje iqhwishe, kube sengathikunyakaza ithuku ekhanda.63

Mhlawumbe abafana bayibongela bathi:Unkokhovula uzilubalubaKabhekeki, kakhweleki.Usihulabula sihahelwe ngamaQadasiAbathe ayasithathelela saqhwisha.UKhumalo, (1993:87) usebenzise lezi zibongo zenkunzi:Unomalevulev' unomalekethe,Unkobe zaphekw' emthini zanyanta,Zakhwezelwa yimpaka nesikhovaUbhukuda kwesinengweny' emabolo,llibal' ukubhibhidl' izingwebu.Utotolol' isizib' esiziwa ngobhok' olubuthuntu.Mama dlan' isixhanti,Mina ngizondl' inqiklane.IsiIwan' esimdwayidw' umabovula,Inkunzi yakith' ensizwa,Yeb' iyazon' izithole,Iyayon' imiqek' icwebezelaUvava Iwenkunzi yakith' umajulukuqaUmahlab' ayihlangan' onjengetsheketshe,Umahhuk' ephindelel' onjengofezela,Umahhuk' ephindelel' onjengenkonkon' emakopela,Umephul' aphaqaz' inkunzi yeduna,Umephul' ashuphul' inkunzi yenyathi,Iyakub' imaphund' imaphum' lelaIyakub' impondo zimakhenkenene.Usikhonya ngozi emahlozin' ehlanze,Limnyama ligcike nangezinqawe.Kuyawukhuz' amaw' ababaze,Kuyawuzamul' iziwa zenanele,Zimabhelekehle, zimangelengele.Zindangala zamawa funelan' emigedeniKuhle kwezimbil' amanqunywamsilaUbundindind' intab' ezimandla,Kazi kundindizel' izintaba njeKobanjan' emizini yamadoda?Usephulamithi zenqokonqok' emidala!Usingenisa ngesiphanga nendololwane,Uyawungenisa ngeduna kubafo,Uyawungenisa ngendlondl' ezizweni.Ubufahlafahla ngonophico!Ubufohlofohlo ngobemigoqo!64

Ubunyikinyiki ngobezimpundu!Kobhong' omalunda koludumayo,Kodilik' imithangala kumajulukuqaSimvinqo silufipha siyesabeka!Imvukuzan' esibung' isiphuphutheki.Umdabuladwesh' isibonkol0 sophondo,Umhlang' omalungangula 10 njengezele,Bazowuluma, llZobaxaka,Bazowunhlanhlatha, bazowukhafulaDVawulin' abafazi bakwaMbengoBayakhuluma bayahefuza!Kwesinye isikhathi izinkunzi zilwa zilimazane ngomphoso noma enye ife nokufa umaiyihlabe kahle enxebeni.Isiko lilawula ukuthi uma inkunzi ibulewe ngenye zilwa,isixhanti saleyo efile sithathwa sidliwe ngabakuleyo nkunzi ebulele enye. KungakhouKhumalo, (1993:87) ethi kulezi zibongo zenkunzi:Mama dlan' isixhanti,Mina ngizodl' inqiklane.3.5.1 Ukungcweka nokweqhathwaIsibaya sesibili yilapho umfana ethola khona uqeqesho mayelana nolwazi lokuzakhaLesi sibaya sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukuziphatha nokuhlonipha umfana ukutholalapha Kukuso lesi sibaya lapho umfana eqhathwa khona UNyembezi noNxuma1o,(1966:31) bakuchaza kanje ukweqhathwa:Lona ngumdlalo wabafana ekweluseni onjongo yawo enkuluukufundisa abafana induku nokubaqinisa ukuba bangabingamagwalaKuthi kwelusiwe isuke ingqwele ithi: "Sibanibani uthizeni uthi wena ungumfana". Lomfana lapho usho ukuthi uyakwehlula65

Uma usibanibani ethi yena akasiye umfana, lruIiwe-ke kubonakaIe owehlulwayo.Uma seziqina izinduku, ubonakaIa ngokusubatha ngejubane.Lapho Iona okuthiwauyehlulwa engafuni ulruIwa, kuyaye kuthiwe akamngqongqoze ekhanda ethi:Ngqongqongqo mfana ngiyakwehlula!Uphuz' ubisi lwembongolo.Mina ngiphuz' olwesitholesakithi uBhelebane.Uk:uqhathwa kufundiswa umfana inhlonipho ngoba uqala khona ekwaluseniukuhlonipha izingqwe1e, aphumele ngaphandle emphakathini ahloniphe abantuabadala abaziyo nangabaziyo.Agcine esehloniphe umphakathi wonkana abadalanabancane. Umhlaba awuharnbe ngenhlonipho nentobeko.Kukuso lesi sibaya lapho umfana efunda khona ukukhipha amangwevu ngenkathikungcwekwa UNyembezi, (1992:342) uwachaza kanje amangwevu:Induku eqhamuka ngaphezulu nangaphansi laphokungcwekwa ngezinduku noma lruIiwaUkukhipha amangwevu kuyindlela ekhombisa izinga eliphezulu lolruIwa futhi umfanausuke engafuni nangengozi ukugoba uphondo, esefuna ngenkani ukudlaumhlanganiso. Akekho-ke umfana ofuna ukubizwa ngevaka aze acwiliselwe iphaphuemanzini.Ngenkathi umfana ekhipha amangwevu kufanele aqikelele ukuthi nayezingamnethi. Ngakho kufanele abe nobuchule nobunyoningco bokuvika Umfanaothi uma evika akhe uphahla lwenkawu uba yibhece labanye.66

Usuke ungemfana walutho kwaZulu uma ungakwazi ukushaya ikhwelaIkhwelalingesinye sezikhali esidingekayo ekwaluseni. Uma izinkomo seziphambukaemzileni, zikhalinywa ngalo ikhwelaUma umfana egiya noma ebongela inkunziyakubo uma iqhathiwe, uyalishaya ikhwela ukuyipha umdlandlaIkhwela libuyelisetshenziswe njengenye yezindlela zokukhuluma uma abantu beqhelelene.Libuyelidingeke uma umfana eseyinsizwa eseshela uma ekhuzelaLeli khwela lifundwakhona kulesi sibaya ngenkathi kusalusiwe.Abafana baze babambe isilwanyanaesihlala emanzini esibizwa ngokuthiwa "imfundamakhwela".Lesi silwanyanabasifakana olimini ngenkolelo yokuthi uma sike sabancinza ulimi, bazoba ngongotiekusbayeni ikhwelaKukuso lesi sibaya lapho umfana efunda khona imidlalo nemikhutshanayasekwaluseni njengokuqhwagela, iqanda lenjelane, ukubhukuda, ukushaya idadamu,ukutshuza ngisho nokudlala izingwenya uma kubhukudwa3.5.2 Izimo zemvelo nezilwaneEsesithathu isibaya yileso sokufunda ngemvelo.Kulesi sibaya abafana bafundanesimo sezulu, izinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo, izilwane, izinambuzane, izinyoka kanyenezilwane.Bafunda ukwazi ukuthi uma libalele kakhulu kuthiwa likhipha inhlanziemanzini noma likhipha umkhovu etsheni. Bafunda nokubona isimo sezulukusekude.Bayafunda ukuthi babone uma lizokhipha umkhovu etsheni, babonangomJalamvubu ekuseni.Bayafunda ukubona izulu uma lizoduma noma lizonangokuthi bafunde ukunaka ukuhlanganisa kwamafu nokuvunguza komoyaBayatshelwa ukuthi uma kuvunguza inyakatho kusuke kuzona umvimbi.Isikhathi67

esiningi uma lisahosha inyakatho kuthiwa lisekude.Uma seliwuphendula, lihoshainingizimu bayazi ukuthi lizoyishaya futhi seliseduze.Baqonda ngisho ishisandlunesivuvu nesifudumezi esikhwezelwa ukunkeneneza kwezinyendle nezihlonono.UNyembezi, (1953:43) ubeka kanje ukweseka 10 mOOno:llanga lalingashisi nje, 1alikhipha inhlanzi emanZlDJ.Kwakungekho ngisho nomoyana nje ohelezayo. Abafanabase belazi ukuthi livama ukuduma emini yantambamaYikho nje nangaleli langa kwathi noma beliOOna lihloma,abaze bazikhathaza kakhulu.Bafunda kabanzi ngenhlanzane, isikhathi lapho sekubuya izinkomo ZlZosengwaBayazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi sebebade, selibantubahle nokuthi amathunziaseyewukela noma selimathunzi ezintabaBafunda ukwazi ukuthi uma seliyoshonakuthiwa seliyozilah1a kunina noma seliya ngomutsha wendodaLokho kushoukuthini kuOO mayelana nokubuya kwezinkomo, zivalelwe kusakhanya ukuzeUIllDnIDZane akwazi ukuziOOna kusakhanyaUma kukhona egulayo, iphuzisweamakhathakhatha, nekokolayo ihlatshelwe. Bafunda kabanzi ngesikabhadakaziukuthi kuphenduka umthalaBayazi uma sekusa ukuthi kuphuma indonsakusanekhwezi.Bayazi ukuthi sekumpondozankomo, sekuchinsa umthini nomchithazingeje kanye nokuchama kwenkunzi ukuthi kusho ukuthini kumfana Umfanakufanele achame kuqala inkunzi yakubo ingakachami ekuseni uma efuna ukubayindodaKulesi sibaya bafunda kabanzi ngokulima odedangendlale bamasimu besebenzisaizinkabi.. Bafunda ukuklama izindima, baphinde baqeqeshwe kabanzi ngokuOOphelaizinkabi, ukufakwa kwejoka nokufakwa kwezitilobho, bazi ukuthi kufanele sifakwe68

kuliphi iso ukuze inkabi ingaklinyeki noma idonsele phezulu. Baqeqeshwa ukuholaizinkabi bagcine sebengongoti sebekwazi ukuziphosela nabo. Ukuziphoselaukuthandela izintambo ezimpondweni noma ejokeni uma ifolosi kuyinqudulu,ukuzidedela zilime ngaphandle komholi. Bayazazi ezingamafolosi, ezingamanasifolo,ezingamanasitili namatilosi. Bayazazi futhi eziqala ijoka uma ziboshelwanezingaliqali. Bayazazi ezisemseleni uma kuklanywa noma kulinywa ukuzezingashiyi amabhange.Bayazazi futhi ezihlabayo nezingahlabi. Uma bengalimi,basuke beklabise izinkomo. Ngenxa yoqeqesho abasuke sebenalo, bayazazi izindawoezinotshani obumnandi nomsoco njengobabe, imbanjane, umnyankomo kanyenensinde noma bazikhothise emingceleni yamasimu akubo. Emva kokuvuna abafanabayaziyeka ukuba zingene emasimini zidle amahlanga bese kuthiwa ziyabhuqa,ziyabasha noma ziyabashaza. Ngaphambi kokuba ziwadle, ziyashunqiselwa Lokhukuyisiko lakwa- Mthaniya ukugwema izi.lwane ukuthi zingaguli. UMsimang,(1975:42) ubekakanje ngalokhu:Okunye okusemqoka ukuzishunqisela izinkomo.Zishunqiselwa uma zizoqala ukudla amahlanga Lokhukusafana nokweshwama uma amaZulu ezoqala ukudlaokusha Izinkomo zona zishunqiselwa ngamakhambi aziwayizinyanga (ngisazoxoxa ngawo). Kufike kubaswe iklobalomlilo esangweni ngesikhathi sasekuseni bese zikhishwaizinkomo ukuze zeqe kulo mshunqiso zonke.Ziyashunqiselwa futhi lapho kufuneka ukuba zingalalelwaNakukho lokhu kulandwa inyanga yezinkomo ezofikeizishunqisele ngenyamazane okuthiwa igogo. Izinkomoezishunqiselwayo ziyabukeka, zinone, nemibala yazo ichachekahle.Amahlanga anomsoco ngoba ngenkathi ziwadla zithola nommbila ongemuhle osalengenkathi kuvunwa ngenxa yesimo sawo.Kungenzeka ukuthi ubungemuhle nomaubusungenwe zibungu. Izinkomo zidla amahlanga ngoNhlaba, NhIangulana69

noNtllJikazi okuyizinyanga zasenkwindla nasebusika NgoNcwaba, emvakwembozisamahlanga, kuyaphendulwa emasimini ukuze kutbukuswe ngoMandulo.Ukubaluleka kokuqapha imfuyo nakho kutbolakala kuso lesi sibaya. Usuke ebhekweisambane umfana othi uma elusile wehluleka ulmkbalima noma ukweqela izinkomozaze zayodla amahlanga.Kutshutshumba inhliziyo uma umfana esezwa egconwaabantu noma abanye abafana eluse nabo becula noma sebememeza isaga bethi:Mabele' bele zayigomfela,Mabele' bele zayigomfela,Uyoz' ayibonele; Uyoz' ayibonele.Sidwaba sikanyoko gay' izimpotbuloEkhaya.Abanye bathi:Leke' leke zayigomfela,Leke' leke zayigomfela,Uyoz' ayibonele, Uyoz' ayibonele.KhandalentuloGay' isicaba sezimpotbuloNkomo zobuya nini embileni?Usukwe echashwa ngenhlamba umfana osuke ehluleke ukukhalima izinkomo, ebizwangesidwaba sikanina kumbe ikhanda lentulo elacabanga ukuba abantu bafe.Lokhukubikezela nokuthi abantu bazobulawa wumashayandawonye ngenxa yomfanaowehlulwa wukwelusa.Engezwa lesi saga noma 10 mculo umelusi uvuka azitbatbe, anikele lapho izinkomozona ngakhona.Inhloso yalokhu ukwenza umelusi ukuthi ahIale njalo eyiqaphile70

imfuyo yakubo. Imvamisa bakwenza lokhu uma sebebona ukuthi sekuziwombana 10melusi ephunyukwa izinkomo ngakho kufanele afunde ukuvula amehlo uma elusile.Okulandela lapha yuswazi ethelwa yizingqwele noma nabadala ngoba impahlaiyakona ukudla okutshaliwe kokunye imizi ize imangalelane konkosi, kudliwe nomainkomo ngomonakalo.Uzozo wesilonda kumfana ukudliwa kwenkomo yakubongenxa yephutha lakhe lokubhudla ubuthongo emini elusile.ULanga, (1997:18) usichaza kanje lesi saga:Ukuthi mabelebele zayigomfela yisiZulu esidalaKungenzeka ukuthi amabelebele lawa ngamabele.Ulrugomfela lokhu kungasho ukudliwa yizinkomo kwentoenamanzi efana nemfe kanjena Ukuyiyekelela lokhu ukuthiumuntu aze azibonele, kwenza ukuthi umfana ahlale evuleamehlo azi ukuthi akukho muntu ozomenzela umsebenziwakhe.Umfana owehlelwe yilo mshophi akalokothi alale ekhaya ngalelo langa ngoba esabainduku azoyithola ekhaya noma kunmininsimu.UMaphumulo, (1989:53) ukwesekakanje lokhu:Umelusi wezinkomo wayengalingi elale ekhaya ngalelolanga ngoba uyazi ukuthi wayezoshaywa, noma kufikeumDlDl wensimu ezomvimbezela ekuseni. Ubelalakwamalume wakhe noma kwabanye abafana kuze kupheleuthuthuvaKokunye umfana ulala esibayeni noma ethombeni namathole.Nakhona ulalaobenyoni ngoba ulala ethuka Kungakho kuze kuthi ulala obothi ngoba akwehlukenenokuthi ulele othini njengenyoni, uqaphele ingozi ezomehlela71

Ngenxa yolwazi olunzulu Iwemvelo abafana abanalo bayaqikelela ukuthi umaizinkomo sezibuya ekhaphelweni bayaziklabisa uma seliya ngomutsha wendodasezibhekise amabombo emakhaya. Bazikhothisa emingceleni yamasimu akubo laphokukhona utshani obuhle obukhephuzelayo njengobabe kodwa kufanele baqaphelezingakhothi ukudla.Ngakho-ke bazama ngayo yonke indIela ukuthi ngenkathiziklabile zibe ndawonye ukuze zingabablubuki. Kuyenzeka baziklabisenasezimfundeni zemifula noma lapho kukhona khona ikhaba. UMablase, (2003)ubeka kanje ngokuklabisa:Umalusi ongaziklabisi izinkomo usuke engaphusile ekhandangoba yilapho zithola utshani ezizobetshisa uma seziyolala.Ziyakhuluphala nemibala yazo igqame uma zinakeke1wakanjalo.Abafana bayaqikelela ukuthi uma sebebona ukuthi utshani abusebuhle kulelo dlelobathungathe amanye asenotshanyana.Zizohamba zikhothakhotha kulawo madlelozidIulele phambili zize zesuthe.Lowo mkhutshana ubizwa ngokuthi ukukhothisa.Uma izinkomo sezibuya inhlazane zisuke zisuthi kade ziphuma ekhaphelweni besezithola ithuba lokwetshisa.Kuyenzeka zetshise khona esibayeni kusasengwa lokhokubizwa ngokuthi ukuphunga imikhonto.Imvamisa zetshisa ngaphandle komuzikude le ngaphansi kwezihlabla.UMsimang, (1975:151) uyakweseka lokhu laphoethi:Kungasengwa kukhanywe imilaza, kwethiwe amagula,izinkomo sezizoqala ukwetshisa khona esibayeni besekuthiwa zisaphunga imikhonto. Kokunye zetshisangaphandIe komuzi phansi kwezihlahla. Bangadla abafanasebezoziqhuba ziyophuza, ukusuka lapho seziya72

ekhaphelweni. Kungale nkathi lapho sebezohlangana khonabashishizele amavukana nezinkunzi ukuba zikhwele izimazi.Ukwetshisa isikhathi lapho inkomo ikhipha khona utshani ekade ibufihle esiswinibese ibuhlafuna isibucolisisa bese iyabugwinya Kulolu khalo, umfana ufunda ukwaziukuthi inkomo inezisu ezine. Kukhona usu, itwani, ingobo nosinyaka lnkomo umaidla idlela esiswini sokuqala okuyusu. Ngale nkathi isuke ibuthela nje ingahlafunisisi.Izokuthi ingafhola ithuba lapho isisuthi noma ebusuku noma iphunga imikhonto,isizobuyisa utshani obusoswini isibuhlafunisise.Busuka lapha emlonyeni buyeesiswini sesibili sebuyogaywa kuso okuthiwa yitwani. Kusuka lapha sekuyakwingobo sekulungela ukuya kusinyaka namathumbu ukuze kumuncwe yigazi.Okusalayo lapho sekwedlulela kupopopo ukuze kuyokuba ubulongwe.Ngakhoizinkomo ziyetshisa ngenkathi ziphunga imikhonto noma emva kokuphuza amanziemini noma esibayeni ebusuku.Ukwetshisa kubuye kuthiwe ukuhlwabula ngobainkomo isuke ima izwa ubumnandi botshani ebudlile behla esiphundu.lsikhathiesiningi yetshisa iguqile ngamanye amazwi ilele. Kuyenzeka yetshise imile.Ukuthandanokunakekela imfuyo ezinye zezinto abafundiswa ukuthi baziqikelele,ngakho-ke abafana bayaqikelela ukuthi bayazipha ithuba lokuphumulaLelo thubalokuphumula libizwa ngokuthi ukuqula Izinkomo ziyaqula zibe ndawonye imvamisauma sezibuya kophuziswa amanziemfuleni bese zilala zibe yiqulu ngaphansikwezihlahlaKuyenzeka inkomo iyithole isiqula iyodwa esibayeni noma edlelweni.Zikukhonzile izinkomo ukuqula emva kokudla noma kokuphuza amanzi.Kufanelekukhumbuleke ukuthi ithuba lokukhuthaza izinkunzi namavukana ukuba zikhweleizimazi ngoba wonke umfana uyathanda ukuba imfuyo yakubo yande.73

Bafunda ngezinyoka eziyingozi ezinesihlungu esesabekayo njengemamba, umonya,ivezimazi, inhlangwana nomdlambila Umdlambila uyingozi kakhulu ngobauyabaqeda abazingeli abazimfundamakbwela ngoba uzishaya sambila ikhanda lawokanti nawo usuke uzodla zona izimbila Uma uthuke wawelamela, kungcono ukuthiuthi galo yephuka kungenjalo ishoba liyolala amazolo ngoba uma uke wagadla kanyeunobuthi obuyingozi obungalapheki, obungakusondeza noyisemkhulu ngemizuzwanaUKhumalo, (1993:131) uyabuveza lobu bungozi lapho eveza umzingeli ebambeneizibhodongo nomdlambila kanje:Ayibike indaba yomdlambila nokuthi uwubulele kodwauyezwa ukuthi naye uphelile. Kukhuzwe umhlolo. Kubizweinyanga lnyanga ifike ithi izokwenza nje izaba kodwaumdlambila awunamblatshelo. Okewabhekana nje nawoakawuphonsi umbalane ngoba umfutha ngomoyaWayehlangene nazo zithutha, ziholwa ngemhlophe phambili.lnyanga yazenza izaba zangempela kodwa urnzingeli kwathingakusasa wavele wabola nje. Uma ethi uyazithinta, aveleabhucuke. Uma bethi bayamphendula, babuye nesibhucusenyama kodwa esaphila futhi ekhuluma Waze washonangosuku lwesihlanu, sekuvimbanise sesisinye endlini.Iphunga ligqabul' amakhala, lehlula UffiSuzwane.Bafunda nalezo zinyoka okuthiwa ngezamadlozi ezingabulawa nJengomsenene,umabibini nalezo futhi ezingenabo ubungozi njengensakalubisi, ifu1wa, umdlumenezinye.Kukuso lesi sibaya lapho abafana befunda izilwane zehlathi ezinkulunjengamabhubesi, izingwe, izindlovu, izinyathi nobhejane.Lezi zilwane zonhlanuzaziwa ngokuthi omakhonya behlathi.Bafunda nezilwanyana ezincane74

ezinjengonogwaja, ochakide, izimpungushe nezinye.Izihlahla nezithelo zasendleezidliwayo njengamabhonsi, amahlala, amakhiwane, amaviyo, izindoni,imithunduluka nokunye nakho bayakufunda.Izihlahla ezenza izinduku eziqinileezinjengomnqumo, inqayi, umsimbithi, amasethole, iphahla, iciho neminye.Bayaziqhenya ngisho beziphethe. Eziyingozi njengomdlebe, idungamuzi,umblambamanzi bayazifunda.Bafunda nezihlahla zokwenza amakbambi nobulawunjengenhlokoshiyane, ubhubhubhu, ungqengendlela, imhozisa, uvuma,umkbanyakude nosehlulamanye. UJobe, (2003) uphawula kanje ngesehlulamanye:Usuke ungendoda yalutho uma ungenayo le ntelezi. Ngithiumakbonya komakhonya. Uma uphalaze ngayo kuphumaneseminyaka isichitho. Angiphathi uma uphinde wagqumangaso usuke usunqobile.Lokhu kuphinde kufakazelwe uMsimang, (1975:324) lapho ebuchaza kanje lobubulawu:Yintelezi enenkani lena. Njengoba negama layo lichaza,yehlula amakbubalo ngamandla. Uma uthatha amaxolo ayouphalaze uphinde uzigqume ngawo isichitho ngeke sikwenzelutho. Umuthi okhonzwe abaDumzane Iona, ubenzela isithoza.Ukwazi jzibJabJa zokwenza ubulawu kuyabasiza ngoba kukulo leli banga laphoesebeqala khona ukweshela.Ngakho-ke uma bengawafundi amakhathakhathanaafana nabo ubulawu hleze badlale izimbangi nesigcwagcwa ezintombini.Bafundanobumqoka botshani obufana nesiqunga.Isiqunga esokunhlanhlathwa, ukhwife,ugeze, ugqume ngasongoba sisusa isinyama nomnyama njengethunzi lokufa.Kusemqoka kuho ngoba sebezongena ezingeni nokumbela nokungcwaba abantu.75

Kufanele ugeze ngeslqunga emfuleni wna uyindoda ukade uye esifeni nomaemngcwabeni ukuze ususe ithunzi lomufi nesifo.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ukwelusa akukhona nje ukusinisa amahleza ngobakweluselwa emadlelweni endle lapho bengahlangabezana nezinhlobonhlobozobungozi.Kungenzeka bahlaselwe izilwane ezinobungozi njengezingonyama,IZmgWe, izintibane, izinkonkoni noma izinyoka ezinobuthi obunobungozinjengezimamba, umonya, ubhulube nezinye.Isimo sezulu naso siyalibamba iqhazaekudaleni ubungozi emadlelweni.Lokhu kufakazelwa uNyembezi, (1953:42) laphouVusi eseyibhobhodleyana eseqala ukwelusa ethi:Kwakungunyaka omubi 10 ngokuthi izulu lalithandaukwelelesa. Lalidwna libaneke, kuphambane imibanephezulu uzwe kubanda amathumbu. Vma abafanabengakabuyi nezinkomo wawuyubone ngoyise sebehambabeshesha beyobheka ukuthi baphi abafana Zase zizininganaizilwane zilimalela endle, zilinyazwa yiwo umphezulu.Vnina kaVusumuzi yena wayengasatbandi nokube aye njenempela ukuyokwelusa Pho-ke wayezokwenzenjani? KantinakuGumede wawusuke ufike umcabango wokuba afuneumuntu ayokwelusa, umfana yena angayi.Lokhu okungenhla kubafundisa nesiko 10kuhIonipha ukuthi kukhona izintoezingagagulwa njengezulu nje. Kuthiwa umphezulu futhi kuthiwe yinkosi.Owehlelwe yilo kuthiwa wehlelwe noma weleleswe umphezulu.Kukhona nokuthilihlonishwa kanjani wna lidwna noma libanika.Akuhanjwa ngendlela kodwakuhanjwa eceleni kwayo futhi akugijinywa wna likufica okhalweni.Vma usendlinikuyazothwa Akuhlalwa maqondana nomIindaziko ngoba kunesikhonkwane.76

Ukwelusa kuyigugu elikhulu kubafana ngoba yilapho bethola uqeqesho olukhulunolunzulu lwamasiko akwaZulu. Kwala noma sekufike usikompilolwaseNtshonalanga, imfundo isizama ukuligoba uphondo leli siko, abafana abavumingoba basavuka kusempondozankomo bayokhaphela, anduba bababele esikoleningisho nangosuku lwedipha, baqala edibheni kanduba baye esikoleni.Nantambamabalandela umgudu ofanayo, bathi bangabuya ezikoleni. baphikelele khonaemadlelweni sebeyozilanda futhi baqikelele ukuthi ziphelele ngoba zizobalwaUNyembezi, (1953:04) uphinde akuveze kah1e lokhu lapho uVusi eseqala ukufundaibanga lesibili esebuya esikoleni ethi:Noma wayesengena isikole nje uVusi, wayengakaziyekiizinkomo. Kwakuye kuthi njalo ntambama uma efika evelaesikoleni athathe ukudla adle, akhumule izingubo zesikolebese ethatha isiswebhu sakhe ehamba eya kobuyisa izinkomo.Kwakungumsebenzi wakhe wemihla ngemihla Vma izikolezivaliwe, umsebenzi wakhe bekuba yikho ukwelusa ilangalonke.Ukwelusa lokhu kuyisikhungosezinga eliphezulu lapho umfana ethola khonauqeqesho olunzulu emikhakheni yonke yempilo.Kuhlomisa umfana ukuthi umaethuke wabhekwa ngabakubo, waganwa isithembu, akwazi naso ukusibheka ngobanaso siyinkiyankiya, sidinga ukubhekwa, sinakekelwe ngazo zonke izindlelaKuhlomisa umfana ukuthi ngelinye ilanga uma ucilo ethuke wazishaya endukwini,waphiwa ithuba lokwalusa amabutho noma isigodi, angananazi, asigxumele,asiphathe ngobumpetha nangesinwe.Nalapho kuvela elokuphatha isizwe, asiphathengempumelelo nangobunyoninco ngoba asikho isizwe esingaphumelela sibenenqubekela phambili ngaphandle komholi ohlelekile noqotho noqeqeshekileukuphatha isizwe.Lokhu kufakazelwa uDhlomo, (1952:20) lapho uZulu esekhala77

emva kokukhothama kwenkosi uMpande esethumela izigijimi eMgungundloVll ukuthiakubekwe inkosi uCetshwayo esihlalweni kanje:Kwaphela unyaka wonke kusahleziwe kuziliwe. Kutheekuqaleni konyaka ka-1873 uZulu wathuma izigijimieMgungundloVll ziqhuba izinkabi ezine ezabe ziyisiphosikaHulumeni.7;tfika nezwi elithi:UZulu udukuza ehlane uyaphuphutheka nje, kazi laphoeqonde kbona Umoya weNkosi umukile isizwe sesintulaumalusi. UZulu ucela ukuba uHulumeni athume uyisewesizwe uSomtsewu ukuba azombekela uCetshwayoesihlalweni sikayise uMpande ukuze isizwe siphile futhi.Lokbu okungenhla kugcwalisa kbona ukuthi isizwe esingenankosi sifana nomhlambiongenamalusi. Umhlambi ongenamalusi uba umhlambi kazalusile noma umlalandle.Kuba kwampunzi edla emini ngoba awunamthetho. Ezinye ziyalahleka,zintshontshwe, zife, zidliwe zimpisi nokunye ngoba engekbo umbheki. Lo mfuziseloufana nse nalowo wesizwe noma umndeni ongenanhloko, kuba kwamachangcaKubalulekile ukuba umfana aqeqeshelwe ingomuso ukuze isizwe nesizwe, umndeninomndeni ube nobuholi obunobuhlakani ekwenzeni nasekubukeni izinto.3.5.3 Imidlalo yasekwaluseniAbafana bachitha ingxenye enkulu yesikbatbi sabo bekude nekbaya besekwaluseni.Baphuma ekuseni haze babuye ngenkathi lapho seliyozilahla kunina Ngenxa yalesisimo abafana baphoqelekile ukuthi baveze kbambi limbe lokuchitha isizungu;yingakho sebesungula imidlalo enhlobonhlobo. Kufanele kuqashelwe nokho ukuthi le78

midIalo alruyona imidIalo nje yokunandisa noma yokuchitha isikhathi kodwa imidIaloephusile,efimdisa umfana amakhono athize mhlawumbe ngokomzimba nomangokwengqondo.Akekho umfana ofisa ukuthi akhule abe yisimukanandwendwe,imfecemfece, imfeketho uqobo lwayo.Wonke umfana ufisa nkuthi akhule abambeiqhaza elibonakalayo emphakathini awakhele nasezweni jikelele. Umfo kaNgcolosi,(1965:02) nkuveza kahle lokhu lapho umfo kaNyambose eninga ebona abafanaabadala bephila kamnandi kanje:Ngakhula nginesifiso sokuba nami ngize ngibe yinto ethileezweni. Ingani ngangibezwa ontanga uma selusileemagangeni benokondisa abafo abathile, kumbe abanewabobebasho ngobugqi babo, nangobunsizwa! Kanti nakhonaekhaya odadewethu ngangibezwa uma bezivacela ezaboelawini, bengangixwayile. Kwalrubakhona izinsizwaababezibiza ngokuthi izinsizwana, uboya besaka, kumbeumkhunkutheka ithanga lasebusika - izinsizwana-mbuzanaMiningana imidIalo abafana abazithokozisa ngayo ekwaluseni.Kukhona imidlaloyokubumba, nkudIa iphaphu, nkungcweka, nkuqhwagela, nkubhnkuda, iqandalenjelwane, ukweqhatha izinkunzi, nkuzingela, nkucupha izinyoni kanye neminye.Umfo kaMaphumulo, (1993:106) naye ushayela isipikili kulokho lapho ethi:Nakhona futhi ebusika abafana babezelusa izinkomobazikhiphele emahlathini amnyama ayisinindolo. Miningiimikhuba emih1e eyabe yenziwa ngabafana entabeni.Babeqembuleka amadlanzana Babodwa ababekhonzenkusinga izinyosi, abanye babecupha izinyoni ngemigoganangemiwowane kanti-ke abanye futhi onkabi labababengamaphisi. UMzilikazi yena wabephakathi kwaleliqembu elabe seliqalile nkuzingeia izinyamazane lihlomengezihlangu namaklwa79

Kulokhu kucaphuna kumele kucaciswe ukuthi izinyoni ngeke zicushwengomwowane. Yizilwane ezinkulu ezicupheka kalula ngomwowane. Yikhoezibongweni zenkosi uShaka kuNyembezi, (1983:21) kuthiwa:Ozulu lizayo, khwezan' abantwana,Ngabadala bodw' abazozibalekelaUDunjwa yedwa limkhandanisile.Oye wakh' amanxiw' oThukela,Lapha kucushw' isilo ngomwowane.Kunokubikezela ukufa lrukaShaka ngenxa yesife kumbe umwowane owawucushwewuMkabayi, uMhlangana noDingane.3.5.3.1 UkubumbaUNyembezi, (1992:45) uluchaza kanje ubumba:UhIobo Iwenhlabathi ethambile evuma ukuguquguqulwaisimo. Kubuye kuthiwe udongo noma udongwe.Ubumba lolu lutholakala ezindaweni ezithanda ukuba namanzi njengasexhaphoziniosebeni lomfulaAbafana bayalutapa besebenzisa izinti uma indawo iqinile kodwauma indawo ithambile bayalutapa ngezandlaIsilinganiso salo siya ngokuthi bafunaukubumba ini.Ziningi izinto ezibunjwayo kusukela ezilwaneni ezinhlobonhlobo,imifanekiso yabantu, imizi, izingqoko, izinyoni, izinkamba nokunye okuningi.Inhloso yalo mdlalo ukufundisana amakhono omsebenzi wezandlaNgenkathikubunjwa yilowo nalowo mfana wayeqikelela ukuthi into ayibumbayo ivezeubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ngoba kungenjalo uba yinhlekisa kontanga80

Ngaphambi kokuba umf"na aqale ukubumba uyaqikelela ukuthi udongwe lwakheJumanzi ngokufanele.Lokhu ukwenzela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe ungaqhekeki ubenemifantu uma sewomile.Uma udongwe noma ubumba luqinile baluconsiselangamanzi bese beyaluxova ngezandla luze luthambe ukuze bakwazi ukubumba kahlelu.""tbambile. Ulwenza noma yini uma Inseva Isaga esithi: Lubunjwa lusevasisuselwa kulo uludongwe noma ulubumbaManje abantu sebesisho ngendlelaengesiyo uma bethi: Libunjwa liseva, isivumelwano sikamenzi uludongwe nomaulubumba u-ulu- hhayi u-ili-. Lesi saga sichaza khona ukuthi into iJungiswaisenokulungiseka njengomfana eqeqeshwa ekwaluseni.Uma selulungile, umfanausengaqala abumbe isimo saleyo nto afuna ukuyibumbaUma okubunjwayosekuphelile, kuyahlotshiswa ngomcako noma ngamalahle. Abanye uma kungumuntunoma isiIwane, bafaka imbewu yomsinsi ebusweni imele amehlo.Le misebenziishiywa khona ehlane ukuthi yome futhi kuyaziwa kamhlophe ukuthi akekhoongayilokotha ayithathe ngozwane.Kokunye iyagqitshwa ngobunono bekati ukuzeingafi.Uma imisebenzi seyomile ngokufanele, kuyaqhoshelwana ngayo kuthi emihle kwenyeinkathi bagoduke nayo beyokhombisa abazali.Abazali abalokothi bayigxeke, hlezeabafana betheneke amandla3.5.3.2 Ukubumba izinkomo nokuziqhathaOmunye umdlalo okhonzwe abafana yilowo wokubumba izinkomo njengenhlosoyokuziqhatha.Babumba izinkunzi, izinkabi, izinkomazi kanye namankonyane.Umsebenzi obunjiwe wethiwa igama elithile nezinkomo nazo azisali.Abafana81

akhonze kakhulu ukubumba izinkunzi ngoba uma sezomile bayaziqhatha ULanga,(1997:9) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Zibunjwa maqedane zethiwe amagama kanye nezihasho.Kuba amagama abazisusela wona ekhanda noma kuthathe1weemagameni ezinkomo eziphilayo, imvamisa lezo abazikhonzekakhulu. Zibe sezibekwa zinikwe ithuba lokoma ziqine. Zithizingoma bese bedlala ukuziqhatha lezo eziyizinkunzi.Akekho-ke umfana ofuna ukuthi eyakhe inkunzi igobe uphondo.Ngakho yilowonalowo uyaqike1ela ukuthi iqinile futhi yome ngendlela egculisayo. Ngenxayelukuluku nempokophel0 yokunqoba abanye abafana baze benze umkhonyovu,bafake izinti ezincane eziqinile phakathi ezimpondweni ngenkathi bebumba ukuzeziqine.Uma isiqalile impi-mbumbulu, abafana bazibamba maphakathi nesithuphakanye nomunwe wokukhomba Abazinkamfuli nje ngesandla ngoba ngeke bakwaziukuphonsa kable.Uma esephonsa uyayitshekisa inkunzi ize ngophondo olulodwaUyode eshintshashintsha indlela yokuma elandela indlela agadla ngayo uzakwabo.UNene, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Ukunqoba kwenkunzi yakho kusezandleni zakho. Umauhlulwe ukuphonsa ngesivinini nangobuchule, inkunzi yakhoiyophe1ela ezandleni.Ziyoshukana-ke izinkunzi kuhlephuke izimpondo, kungami lapho nekhanda kwenyeinkatbi likhumzeke lize liphele.Ngenkathi bezilwisa bayayihasha, bezibongelangempela Uma isimo sesinjalo sekuchaza khona ukuthi leyo ehlephuke izimpondoyehluliwe. Nesaga esithi "Isigobe uphondo" savela kanjalo, kubukwa ukugobakophondo uma izinkunzi zilwa ngempelaNoma kungemnandi ukwehlulwa kodwakufanele ohluliwe akwemukele ngomoya woxolo, kungabe sekudaleka inzondo82

yafuthi. Abanye abafana abafuni ukuzivuma izinduku, aze afise ukuziphindisela yenamathuphaAbagcini ngokuziqhatha izinkomo abafana lruphela, babuye badlale umdlalowokuzibophela Lapha bakha izihlibi ngezinti ezithambile noma ngomhlanga Kulomdlalo ikhono lokwenza isihlibi libhekwa ngeso elibanzi. ULanga, (1997:9)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Abadlali nje ukuziqhatha izinkomo zabo abazibumbile kodwababuye badlale nokuzibophela lezo eziyizinkabi zidonseizihlibhi. Izihlibhi lezi bazakha ngezinhlanga ezisathambile,noma imihlanga nezinti. Kwesinye isikhathi badlale ukuthizilime. Konke lokhu bakwenza nje badamane bephonsa isoemfuyweni abayelusile.Lo ngumdlalo ophonsa itshe esivivaneni eknkhuleni komfana emsebenzini wezandlangoba ufundisa umfana ukwenza umsebenzi wezandla ngobuchwepheshenangobuchule.3.5.3.3 Ukweqhatha izinkunziOmunye wemidlalo owenziwa abafana ekwaluseni yilowo wokweqhatha izinkunzi.Izinkunzi ezinye zigcina seziwujwayela 10 mkhuba. Kuthi nje zingabongelwangabafana uzibone seziqhwisha kwenye inkathi zihlabe usentu. UNyembezinoNxumalo, (19%:31) bayakweseka lokhu lapho bethi:Ezinye izinkunzi zize ziwufunde 10 mkhuba kangangokuthibathi abafana bangayibongela nje iqhwishe, kube sengathikunyakaza ithuku ekhanda83

UKhumalo, (1993:87) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Inkunzi ibongwa ngokuhlabana kwayo kwezinye izinkunziendaweni. Ikakhulukazi yileyo naleyo nkunzi inezibongo zayonjengoba iqanjwa ngnmniniyo noma ngabelusi bayo ukubabayikhuthaze, bayicije ngazo uma isibhekene nezinye.Kokunye jnkunzi ibongwa ngombala wayo, ngohlobo lwayoendaweni, ngomphoso wayo, amangwevu ayo phela. Inkunziizakhela ugazi ngokungenhla kodwa ijika ibe undabuzekwayouma isikhonya endaweni, bese kuthiwa ngumajulukuqa,umahlab' ayihlangani. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi umajnkunzi ibulale enye zilwa, isixhanti saleyo efile sidliwangllmnikazi waleyo eyibulele ngokumhlabanela. Kuyinquboyakithi kwaZulu lokhu ukuklomelisa 1010 vava lwenkunzingobunkunzi bayo nokuyivimba ingabi nequnga.UMaphumulo noThwala, (1989:31) babeka lezi zibongo ezilandelayo:VSigubudu sinengwenya,Ubafazi baseNtindi,Nibabi ngokufak' izinethi.Ngoba ukuba niyakhehla,Ngabe ngiyalithola iqatha.Ziningana izindlela ezisetshenziswa abafana ukucija izinkunzi.Eyejwayelekilekakhulu yileyo yokuyithela ngezibonkolo elunda.Izibonkolo izilokazane ezincaneezihlala esidulini, okuthi uma zike zakutinyela, uzwe sengathi uphambana ikhanda,inhliziyo ibe ncane.Ngokunjalo nenkunzi ithi ingezwa lobo buhlungu ibe nolaka,kuthi uma ibhekene nenye, ibe nomfutho, ilwele ukufa nokuphila.UNyembezinoNxumalo, (1966:31) bayakweseka 10khu kanje:Vma abafana befuna ukuyicija ngempela jnkunzi ukuzeivukwe u1aka olukhulu, bamba isiduli bakhiphe izibonkolobazithele elunda.84

Lo mkhutshana wokucija inkunzi ngokuyithela ngezibonkolo uphinde usekweuMsimang, (1975:42) lapho ethi:Bazama ngayo yonke irnizarnQ ukuba inkunzi yakubo yehlulezonke ezinye zesigodi leso. Kuthi ekweluseni bafune isidlekesezibonkolo emithini, bathi bangasithola basithathe basilahleleeluoda lenkuozi. Zizoyiluma-ke izibonkolo kaoti seziyayicijaukuba iOO nolaka oluogayiwa. Kokuoye bayisa endawenieneziduli lapho izofike ihlabe khona uhlentu, izimpondozingacijeki kuOO zinuogu. Okuoye okulola inkunzi kuyenzeyale ukhasha ukuyicija izimpondo, uziphendule ngembazozibheke emuva. Lokhu okuphemulile usuzokugcina emsamoendlini engenhla. Ngiyihulule imfibinga enye inkunziingadlela ogageni.UBhengu, (2003) naye ushayelela isipikili kulokho lapho ethi:Usnke ungakaloli inkunzi yakho uma uogakayithelingezibonkolo. Uma ufuna ukuthi inkuozi yakho iOO "incushe"ungesabi ukuyithela ngezibonkolo. Uma wenze njalo inkuoziiba wuhlangahlanga ingafuni lutho phambi kwayo.Enye indlela ekhonzwe ngabafana yokucija izinkuozi yileyo yokuzivava.Ukuvavaukulola izimpondo zenkuozi zicije. Nakho ukuvava njengeminye imiseOOnzikudingeka ubuchwepheshe ngoba uma kuogenjaloizimpondo zingasala phansinenkuozi yophe ize ife.lzinkuozi bazivava ngocelemba noma ngommese obukhaliOOnze amabazela bese OOyawaxhoza amabazela ngawo ucelemba noma baseOOnziseisihlabo ukuze zisuleke kable izimpondo, zicije ngendlela afuna ngayo umfana.Kufanele kuqapheleke ukuthi ngenkathi OOyivava inkuozi kuogaze kufike ehlezeniokuwumongo wophondo. UNgcolosi, (2003) ubeka kaoje ngokuvava:Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuvava inkuozi kuze kuvele ihlezangoba umainkunzi isihlaba usentu izimpondo ziyaphuka.85

Uma isivaviwe, abafana bagcoba izimpondo ngamafutha ukuze izimpondo ziqine,zephuze ukuphukaNgenxa yokufuna udumo, abanye baze basebenzise imithi emibi ukusiza izinkunzizabo ukuba zinqobe. Bayigcaba ngamafutha ezinyamazane eziyingozi njengobhejane,izingwe, izinyathi namabhubesi imbala Abanye ngaphandle kokuyigcaba bayigcobangawo amafutha alezi zilwane ebusweni ukuze kuthi leyo elwa nayo iboneumfanekiso waleso silwane ebese ingenwa amanzi emadolweni igcine ngokujokolaLo mkhuba awuthakaselwa kwelik:aMthaniya ngoba ufaniswa ngqo nokubaumkhuukuli.Lo mdlalo wokweqhatha izinkunzi kuyenzeka ugcine ngokuthi enye ife kodwaakekho obekwa icala ngalokho ngoba kusuke kudlalwa Uma isifile inkunzi, ofelweukhipha isixhanti asise kumnikazi wenkunzi enqobile, okuwuphawu lokuthiuyazivuma izinduku futhi akubanjelwene magqubu ngoba bekudlalwaLokhukufakazelwa uKhumalo, (1993:87) lapho ethi:lnkunzi izakhela ugazi ngokungenhla kodwa ijika ibeundabuzekwayo uma isikhonya endaweni, bese kuthiwangumajulukuqa, umablab' ayihlangani. Kubalulekile futhiukwazi ukuthi uma inkunzi ibulale enye zilwa, isixhanti saleyoefile sidliwa ngumnikazi waleyo eyibulele ngokumhlabanelaKuyinqubo yakithi kwaZulu lokhu ukuklomelisa 1010 vavaIwenkunzi ngobunkunzi bayo nokuyivimba ingabi nequngaUNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:51) basichaza kanje isixhanti:Isixhanti sikanye nelunda, sehlukana nenhloko. Inhlokoinqanyulwa lapho kuphela khona intamo. Duze nje-ke lesi86

sitho esisalayo yisixhanti.endlini.Sidliwa ngabanuIDz8ne besidlelaKunenkolelo yokuthi inyama yenkunzi efe ngale ndlela ayilokothwa yosiwe ngobalokho kungadala umkhokha wokuthi nenkunzi eyolama leyo ngokukhonya nayoiyohamba kanjalo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uLanga, (1997:21) lapho ethi:Inyama yaleyo nkunzi efile ayilokothi yosiwe ngoba funaiphinde sona leso nakuleyo nkunzi eyobekwaUBhengu, (2003) uphawula kanje ngokungosiwa kwale nyama:Inyama eyosiwe kahle iyaye ivuze igazi futhi ayivuthisiswakahle njengephekiwe. Ngaleso sizathu kulula ukuthi umuntuadle umuthi bukhoma ngoba ezinye zisuke zicijwe ngawoumuthi. Ophekiwe umuthi uyavuthwa nawo uphelelwengamandlaKuyenzeka ukuthi nabafana bagcine nabo sebelwa Lokhu lrungadalwa ukuthi lowoonkunzi yakhe eyehluliwe agxajelwe ikhanda ezwa iminjunju ebuhlunguyokwehlulwa ebese elibeka ngembaba elokuthi noma inkunzi yakhe yehluliwe kodwayena ngeke wathintwa muntu. Kwenye inkathi acasulwe ukugconwa abanye abafanangokwehlulwa kwenkunzi yakhe. Noma kunjalo abafana bayafundiswa ukuyidlulisaleyo ngxabano.Kuningana okuhlonyulwa abafana ngalo mdlalo.Kodwa okukhulu kunakho konkeukufunda ikhono lokuqamba izibongo ebonela kontanga naye aze afikelwe ugqozilokuqamba ezakhe esemncane.Eseziqambile izibongo uphinde afunde ikhonolobumbongi ngenkathi egqugquzela inkunzi yakhe ilwa ngoba uma imbongiiyibhimbi, inkunzi ayilutholi ugqozi.Abafana baphinde bafunde nokubaluleka87

kwenkunzi, bayazise ukuthi iyona eyinzalankomo.Bayafunda futhi ukwamukelaizimo ezingaphezu kwamandla abo njengokwehlulwa, bafunde nokuxolaBafundanezindlela zokucija izinkunzi ezinhlobonhlobo njengokuyithela ngezibonkolo,ukuyivava nakho ukuyibongela3.5.3.4 Ukudla iphaphuUkudla iphaphu ngomunye wemidlalo ekhonzwe kakhulu ngabafana abaselusayokwelikaMthaniyaKusuke kungemcimbi walutho uma abafana bengazange baludleubhedu, okuwuphawu lokubusiseka komcimbi. Uma kuhlatshiwe, uSokhaya ukhiphaiphaphu elihambisana nenhliziyo nalo ubhedu.UNyembezi, (1992:24) uluchazakanje ubhedu:Inyama yenhliziyo ekanye nephaphu edliwa yingqwele.Uzothi engalikhipha izwi uSokhaya kohlahlelayo ukuthi anike abafana iphaphu labo,ubone ngomshungu wabafana sebexhake ezabo, bekhukhusa beyophuma ngesango,beholwa ingqwele isiliphethe.Iphaphu leli alidlelwa ngaphakathi ekhaya kodwangapbandle lapho kungezukuphazamisa muntu ikakhulukazi abesifazane.Bathibangafika enkundleni leyo abayikhethile abafana, kube wubutatata, yilowo enzaumsebenzi othile. UMsimang, (1975:169) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Banele bafike enkundleni yabo yokudlela iphaphu abafanakube uchithi-saka Iowa nalowo enza umsebenzi othile.Uyedwa ohlwaya izinkuni, omunye uza nezibi zokuphemba,omunye ubenga inyama, omunye wosa umbengo.88

Lizokosiwa-ke ipbaphu, inhIiziyo nobhedu. Ubhedu Iona luyosiwa luzeluchochombale, kuthi uma ulubuka kuconse amathe.Abanye bagcina ngakhoukuconsa amathe ngoba ababe besalunuka uma sekuqhathwa ngoba ludliwaozethembayo.Emveni kokudla eyokuqala kusuka uthuli Iwezichwe sekuqhathwa abafana kuqalengayo inkwebane kuze kufike kwabadala Inkwebane yona idla ipbaphu (ibhakubha)elingemnandi njengobhedu, kuthi lowo owehluliwe elakhu balicwilise emanzini.Lokho kubanika umdlandla wokuthi yilowo nalowo alangazelele ukunqoba Umgidikeuvalwa ngokuchonywa kobhedu Iona oludliwa ingqwele. UNyembezi noNxumalo,(1966:28) bafakazela lokhu ngokuthi:Ubhedu ludliwa yingqwele. Yilona olulwelwa du. Kuthiingqwele eyesatshiwe lapho ifuna ezokulwa naye noma ehluleomunye obelwa nayo, iludle. Engabe kuliwe kakhulu njalokuphophothwana amakbanda, izingqwele zingabe zisalunukanobhedu 1010 selubhuquzeke emhlabathini, bese luze lucoshwengabafana nje.Luzothi lungachonywa othini, abafana babhekane emehlweni ukuthi wubani ozozidelaamathambo, aqunge ayoludla uma kodwa ezethembaUMsimang, (1975:169) ubekakanje ngalokhu:Izonele idliwe eyokuqala bese kuqala ukweqhatha abafanaKuqalwa ngayo inkwebane. Koze kugcinwe ngezingqwele.Kukbona inyama enetebhe, esikwa enhliziyweni yosiwengokuthothonjaliswa ebizwa ngokuthi ubhedu. Luzoneleluvuthwe bese luchonywa othini kuthi ingqwele ezizwayoiluthathe iludle. Lungachonywa ubhedu abafana bonkebabukana eziqwini zamehlo kuyilowo ebheke ukuthi kaziluzodliwa ngubani. Nokho azidele umfana wakwabo. Umabebaningi kakhulu anxuse untanga yakhe amethembayo athiabaludle naye. Bazonele balufake nje emIonyeni ibathelekele89

inkumbula yonke yabafanalapho. Kube mnandi kudele.Kuzoshaywana kudeliswaneKuyenzeka laba abadle ubhedu bayinqobe noma ibanqobe impi. Lokho kukhombisabona ubungqwele.Sekwaba igama nje ukuthi ubhedu luyadliwa ngoba imvamisaludliwa umhlabathi ngoba isikhathi esiningi izingqwele azilitholi ithuba lokuludlangoba zisuke sezizinetha. NgesiZulu sithi uma into ihamba phambili ngobuble nomangokwenza kuthiwa "Idla ubhedu".Lesi saga saqhamuka ngalo mdlalo nale nyamaeyigugu lezingqwele.Bazothi bangawuqeda abafana umdlalo babuyele ekhaya sebehaya izaga, beholwaigosa lilandelwa izingqwele namashoshozela Bahamba nje bayangqabashiya,bahambe bephundla izihlahla babuye badindane bodwa Bazothi bengafika esibayeni,izinsizwa sezibalindele. Kuzosuka eyodwa engakabi mnkantshubomvu, igadleiphelele ebafaneni. Kuyojijimezwana nabafana bengazibekile phansi kuyoze kukhuzeabada1a ukuthi insizwa ayiyeke abakhapheyanaEmva kwalokho sebezongenaendaweni yabo esibayeni, enh1a nezinsizwa lapho bezofika banikwe idevu nobubendebese sebehlisa ngotshwala Abanikwa umhluzi ngoba bangadala umonaka1o,sebebamba izingane zamantombazane, okuyicala elibomvu.Lo mdlalo uyisikhali esikhulu soqeqesho lwenh1onipho ngoba abafana bafundaukublonipha izingqwele.Bayakhuthazeka abafana ukuthi bah1ale belangazelelaudumo lobuqhawe. UKhuma1o, (1993:79) uyakweseka lokhu:Kucaca kakhulu ukuthi ubuqhawe, ubungcwenti, inhloniphoibonakala kwasebuncaneni babafana Yingakho ungezwaabada1a sebeyikha eyasekutheni, ubezwe sebethi, "inkunziisematholeni". Kusuke kukhona osekubah1abe umxhwele90

ngezenzo zalowo mfana, kungaba ubuqhawe uma ebhekenenabanye, amangwevu, ukusina nokugiyaIsizwe silrufaka ebafaneni kwasebuncaneni ukwazisaukubonga uma umuntu ekwenze1e okukhulu uma ekubusisile,ngotshwala noma ngenyama Lokhu kuhonga kukhonjiswangokugiya kusuke umquba okanye uthuli uma iphaphubelidlele edlelweni.UNene, (2003) ubeka kanje ngokudla iphaphu:Vqeqesho olutholakala lapha lwedlula 1010 olutholangokungcweka ngoba lapha kusuke kukhona lSlCOCOesibekiwe. Futhi kuyamhlaza umfana ukudla ibhakubhaelicwiliswe emanzini.Ukungcweka kuyindlela yokuqeqesha abafana izindlela zokulwaBafundiswa oukeanrnqhinga okulwa kusukela ekubambeni induku, ukuvika kanye nokuphonsa.Okufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi inhloso akukhona ukulwa ngoba basukebengaqhathiwe abafana kodwa houke basuke belwa ngomoya omuhle wokufundisanaamakhono. Ngenxa yale nhloso kunenqubomgomo elandelwayo njengokuthiakulokothwa kushaywane emaqupheni, akugwazwana ngezimboko.Vma omunyeethuke wawelwa induku, uyalindwa ayicoshe kanti ukuba baqhathiwe, ngabe ubhekweisambane lowo emwele ngoba zingamnetha zinmethile. UMsinIang, (1975:167)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Ukungcweka ngumdlalo omuhle wokufundisana induku.Wehlukene kakhulu nokuqhathwa Vma niqhathwa nisukenixatshaniswa nilwela ukufa nokuphila ngoba oxoshiweuzokwenza intando yalowo omxoshile. Vma ningcwekaakunjalo. Anilweli ukudelisana kuphela nifundisana indukunemiphoso, nawo ouke amangwevu okulwa Vma ningcweka91

nihlonipha imithetho efana nokuthi owile akashaywaAbangcwekisanayo abashayani emakhanda Abashayani futhiemaqupheni. Ngokunjalo abagwazani ngezimboko.Noma ukhonyana umoya wezikhova ngenkathi kungcwekwa ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthiIowa owehluliwe llZokwenza intando yalowo omehlulile kodwa uma omunye eshayaomunye kahle umshaywa asho engananazi ukuthi, ''Ngiyayivuma''.Vma kwenzekaziqhubeka zimnetha nakhona kufanele alikhiphe ligcwale umIomo kuzwe nabanyeukuthi uyayivuma usexoshiwe athi, "Maluju!" noma athi, "Khumu!". Ingqwele izothiakabaleke ukuze ibone ubuqiniso balokho.ngemuva, iyabamba imbhamba ngenduku.Nangempela ingqwele izomxoshaYingakho kwaze kwaqhamuka igamalokuthi ohluliwe kuthiwe "uyaxoshwa" ngoba usuke elandelwa ngemuva ebaleka.Vma kungcwekwa kubukeka kahle uma abafana abangcwekayo bentanganye kodwanoma kunjalo, akusilona icala uma omdala engcwekisa omncane ngoba inhlosoakukhona ukunqoba kodwa wukumntongelisa eshungwini lakhe eligcwele phamaamaqhinga okushaya induku.Ngenxa yokuthi ukungcweka kuh10misela abafanaingomuso nezindlela zokungcweka ziyehluka.Ngaphandle kwalena eyejwayelekileyokungcweka, abantu ngababili kuyenzeka bahlukane amaqembu amabili, bazishayesampi. Bazobhulana babhulane kuze kubekhona abagoba uphondo.Ngaphandle kokungcweka okujwayelekile lapho abafana beqhathwa khonaekwaluseniend1eleni.kuyenzeka abafana noma izinsizwa zingcwekisane uma zihlanganaKufane1e kukhumbuleke ukuthi kwelikaPhunga noMageba umuntuakahambi evathazela engaphethe ngisho uswazi lokushaya inyoka yodwa lolu.Kulisiko ukuthi umfana abambe ezigaxile ezimbili. Vma behJangana endleleni, iyayeibuze enye ukuthi "iyiliphi" ngabe ingelendoda noma ingelomfazi.Vma ike yathi92

ingelendoda, kusuka uthuli Iwezichwe kanje. UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:29)bakweseka kanje lokho:Ukungcweka ngumdlalo omdala wakwaZulu wokuvivinyanaamandla nobuchwepheshe bokudlala induku. Insizwa ifikeibuze enye lapho zihlangana, ithi: "Uyiliphi?" Uma iphendulaithi ingelendoda, kuphakanyiswa izinduku kubhulwane ukubawena ongazi uthi bayalwa, baxabene. Kanti uma lena ebuzwayoiphendule yathi ingelomfazi, akwenziwa lutho, lokho kuyayekukhombise ukuthi kayingabungabu ukungcweka, nomaiyesabaAkekho namunye umfana kuleli likaMthaniya okhula engalangazeleli ukukhula abeyingqwele noma ukuba abe yiqhawe langomuso elizohlabana ezimpini.Kodwaindlela eya kuleyo ndumezi ivamise ukugcwala ameno.Umfana ufunda khonaekwaluseni la maqhinga okulwa angase amsize ukufeza amaphupho akhe ngenkathikungcwekwaUNgcolosi, (1965:03) uyakweseka lokhu lapho eveza khona umfokaNosizi1a, uNyambose elangazelela ukuba naye akhule ahIabane abe yiqhawenjengomkhulu wakhe kanje:Izindaba zikababamkhulu zazingikitaza isibindi, zingithintaumphefumulo wami. Ngezwa ubugubhagubhanobulangalanga ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yami okokuba namingibe yileya nto ubabamkhulu ayeyiyona ngaleyo mihlayakhe.Ngaphezu kwalokho izintombi zakithi kwaZulu aziyifuni insizwa elivaka ngobaingahluleka ukuyivikela noma sebethathene. Ukungcweka-ke kwengezelelaamathuba okuthi umfana uma eseyinsizwa zimthande izintombi ngoba zazi ukuthiinsizwa ezinsizweni.UNgcolosi, (1975:03) uphinde akuveze lokhu lapho evezakhona lIninakhulu kaNyambose ebeka isizathu esadala ukuthi amqome uyisemkhulukanje:93

lsalukazi esingukhulu naso ngangisilalela lapho sixoxelaodadewethu ngobuntombi baso endulo. Naso sasixoxa sizesithinte ukuthi ubabamkhulu samgana nje samukhangobuqhawe, nangobugqame bakhe. Sasisho nokuthi bonazintombi zasendulo babebuthwa njengezinsizwa, bejutshwafuthi. Izinsizwa ezazingophuya zazingalokothi zithi kentekubona; okunye okwakuzileba, kuzosa kubhekilebabekushiya kuthe thwi esidindini somtshiki.Kuyacaca-ke ukuthi 10 mdlalo ubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komfana ngoba wakhaumgogodla wempilo yakhe.Ubuvaka yisilwane esinyanywa ngendlela engachazekikwaZulu ngoba nabanye abafana bayakugcona, balruhleke. UKhumalo, (1993:81)uyaziveza lezi zibongo nokunyanyeka kobuvaka kanje:Izibongo zabafana zibuye zicwase zigxeke ubuvakanobunqolo babafana njengento embi nenyanyekayo. Umfanaonjalo uyaye afaniswe nodadewabo bona behlalela ukuchobaonina nogogo wabo.Nazi ezabafana abayiminqolo:Umnqolo gombotsheniUmachob' iy'ntwala zikagogo wakhe.Umnqolo gombotsheniUmachob' iy'ntwala zikaninaUmaphundlwa ngontanga yakhe,Akhal' ayeyethek' aphaphathekeEyozishwathik' ezidwabeni zikaninaAth' unina "Phepha fana,Yingozi yasekhaya!"Enye yezindlela yokuqeda ubuvaka ukuthola abafana bemnqonqoza ekhanda umfanaoyivaka besho ukuthi bayamxoshaImvamisa basuke bethunywe yingqwele ukuthibamchukuluze ukuze acasuke naye, azizwe esengenwa ugqozi nesibindi sokulwa.94

Inhlosongqangi wukukbutbaza uthando lokulwa, ubuqhawe nobuqhwaga besekukhutshazwa ubuvakaUKhumalo, (1993:81) uyakweseka lokhu kanje:Nqonqonqo mfanaUphuz' ubisi Iwembongolo,Mina ngiphuz' olwesithole sakithiUBhelebane.Nalapha uMntungwa uthelela umquba ubuqhawe ebe efenyisa ubugwalaokuyisichitho seqaqa, intothoviyane, umqaqongo neshangaqube kubafana bezwelak.waZulu.Ngisho sekudliwa iphaphu umfana oyivaka lalicwiliswa emanzini.UBhengu,(1965:22) ukubeka kucace bha lokhu lapho eveza khona uNyambose engafuniukuvumela amaSwazi amenze imfeketho, ivaka, igamanxandukwana uqobo Iwalokanje:Kwak.uqhubeka ukweyiswa izinsizwa zamaSwazi.Zazingidelela impela; kuthi noma kudliwa inyama elami iqathazilicwilise emanzini. "Mamo! Kanti ingulube iya phambilinokukhuluphala!" Ngasho ngenhliziyo ngilamukela iqathalivuza amanzi. Phela kithi KwaZulu ngamagwalaayecwiliselwa amaqatha emanzini. Leso senzo sabe sichazaukuthi Iowa muntu ocwiliselwa iqatha lakhe emanziniuyigwaJa, ubaleka njengamanzi - igwala Jamanzi. Lokhukungukudelela okukhulu uma kwenziwa komunye umuntu.Lapha-ke eSwazini ngangilwa leyo mikhuba, ngenziwaimfivilithi.Ukungcweka yisikhungolapho umgogodla wempilo yomfana wakheka khona.Umfana ufunda inhlonipho ayithola ngokuhlonipha izingqwele elandela imiyalo yazonoma eminye engayithandi. YI!apho efunda khona ukubekezela kuthi nomazimnetha, eqhathwa ngenkani kodwa nangomuso avukele khona.Ufunda nokuthi95

akhule abe yindoda eqotho yangomuso. Yingakho nje singeke sababeka icala abadalauma bekhala sebebona umfana egcwaneka bese bethi kudalwa ukuthi akazangeakhishwe igazi elibi ekwaluseni noma umfana uma engaphaphami, eyimfecemfece,ewuntekenteke wenkobonkobo yegwala, bavele balibeke ngembaba bethi akelusanga3.5.3.6 UkweqhathanaUNyembezi noNxumaio, (1996:31) babeka kanje ngalo mdlalo:Lona ngumdlalo wabafana ekwaluseni onjongo yawo enkulunkufundisa abafana induku nokubaqinisa ukuba bangabiamagwalaLo mdlalo udlalelwa ekwaluseni futhi wenganyelwa ingqwele.Akekho ophikisananengqwele ekwaluseni ngoba ingumlomo ongathethi manga ngakho-ke izwi layolingumnqamula juqu futhi aliweli phansi.Kuthi kumnandi kungonakele lutho,kwelusiwe, uzwe ingqwele isithi:- "Sibanibani, uthizeni uthi wena ungumfana" Umaumuntu ekubiza ngomfana usuke echaza ukuthi awukhulile ngokupheleleengqondweni nasemandleni ngakho-ke usuke e1rutshe1a ngeziphansi ukuthiuyakwehlulaUma usibanibani Iowa engesilona igwala, uzophika ame ngentabaukuthi ungnmfana, ahoshe ezakhe, anikele kulowo omcela inselelo.Kuzoliwa-kekushaywane ngempela kuze kube khona ogoba uphondo.Lowo ohlulwayo uthiengabona ukuthi ziyamnetha, acele empunzini noma acele umaluju.Isuke ingaphelile indaba ngoba kungenzeka Iowa ohluliwe abuye ayicele inselelokulowo onqobile mhlawumbe iziwombana ezimbalwaUNene, (2003) uphawulakanje ngolmqhatha·96

Ukuhlehla kwenqama akusho ukwehluleka, kusho ukuyothathaumfutho. Nomfana ohluliweyo ngokunjalo kungenzeka abuyenamangwevu ayicele inselelo kulowo omnqobile. Umabemehlula iziwombe zize zibe nta±hu noma ngaphezulu, uyayeayivume naye ukuthi lowo uyarnxosha nengqwele nayo ayibeisavuma ukubaqhathaKuyenzeka abafana balimazane, bagqemane izingozi kodwa leso senzo asithathwanjengecala ngoba kusuke kudla1waAbafana babamba baye emfuleni beyogezanaizingozi lezo, baziphahleke ngobulongwe noma ngodaka okukhombisa khona ukuthibekungaliwaUdaka noma ubulongwe lobu bunqamula ukopha futhi benza nokuthiisilonda sisheshe siphole.Kuyenzeka kube khona ongafuni ukuqhathwa ngoba edlala ubuvakaLowo mfanauyahlekwa, agconwe kuthiwe akaphinde la mazwi: "Umnqolo ogombetsheni,umachob' izintwala zikanina".La mazwi awamnandi ngoba umfana usuke efaniswanodadewabo bona abahlalela ukuchoba onina nogogo wabo izintwalaUmnqolonmfana ohlala ekhaya, ongayi ekwaluseni. Lowo mfana ongafuni ukuqhathwa usukeefana nomfana osekhaya ngoba lapha ekwaluseni umfana uyazuza okuthile ngobakuyisikhungo sokufundaAkugcini ngokuthi 10 mfana agconwe kodwa ingqwele iyamqhatha njalo ukuzekuphume ubuvakaKwenye inkathi ingqwele ithumela abafana abancane kunayebeyomngqongqoza ekhanda, besho ukuthi bayarnxosha ukuze athukuthele, alwe.Lokhukufakazelwa uKhumalo, (1993:81) lapho ethi:Abafana ngisho abancane ubathola bemnqonqoza ekhandaumfana oyivaka besho ukuthi bayarnxosha Basuke97

emcunula benzela ukuba acasuke bese elwa Kwenye inkathiabafana basuke oothunywa yingqwele ukuba bamnqonqozeIowa oyivaka, ukuze abone ukuthi ubuvaka bubibuyenyanyeka. Isibindi namangwevu adIa ubhedu.Bamnqonqoza oothi:Nqonqonqo mfanaUphuz' ubisi Iwembongolo,Mina ngiphuz' olwesithole sakithiUBhelebane.Ngenxa yale mpatho umfana ugcina naye esebona ukuthi akavuke azithathe, agcinenaye esekwazi ukulwa afane nabanye abafanaInhloso yalo mdlalo ukufundisaabafana induku nokubaqinisa, bangabi ngamagwalaBasuke sebesebenzisa ulwaziabaluqokelela ngenkathi OOngcweka.3.5.3.7 UkuqhwagelaAbafana bazikhipha inblazane izinkomo imvamisa OOugayenyusile ngokwaneleinsika.Kwenye inkatbi kuyenzeka inyuke ngokwanele kodwa ifike iwe bhungenkathi besalusile. Lesi simo abafana abasigqiziqakala ngoba bayazi ukuthi ukudlabayokuthola phambili ugoha banayo imvume yokuthatha ngozwane ukudla kwabantuemasimini.Leyo mvume yokweba ukudla emasimini ngenkathi abafana OOlusileibizwa ngokuthiwa ukuqhwagelaUNyemOOzi, (1992:449) ukucbaza kanjeukuqhwagela:Ukuqhwagela ukwebiwa kwemfe nommbila emasiminingabafana abelusayo, kwenziwa njengomdlalo.Bazothi bengezwa inkemane abafana banikele emasimini lapho bezofika babhonyuleummbila noma bakhubule imfe. Bazothi bengakwenza lokho bese lokho abakutholile98

akubophele emaqakaleni ukuze bengabonwa muntu ukuthi kukhona abakwenzayo.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi yize noma lokhu kungathathwa njengokweba kodwaImmnininsimu kumshaya engeqiwa ntwala ngoba uyalahlekelwa ngakho angekewathokoza ukubabona benza 10 mdlalo.Vma abafana sebewubophe kahle, bazowuhudula ngezinyawo.Obonayo aboneumuntu ozihambela ngokukhululeka kanti phansi laphaya lukhulu aluphethe. Bazothibengafika nawo lapho belusela khona, kubaswe umlilo, kudliwe bashaye esentwalaAbagcini ngokuqhwagela ummbila nemfe kuphela abafana nawo ubhatata nezinkukhukuyangena kulo mdlalo. ULanga, (1997:19) uyakufakazela lokhu kanje:Kwesinye isikhathi bagtibha ubhatata emasimini, baye nawoendaweni enesihlabathi esiningi eduze nomfula Bafikebagtibhe umgojana, bawufake lapho ubhatata bawugqibe besebebasa umlilo ngaphezulu. Emva kwesikhathi bazobonaukuthi cishe usuvuthiwe, bawukhiphe bawudle sewuvuthiwekamnandi.Nezinkukhu ngokunjalo azisindi kulo mdlalo.Abafana badumela inkukhu nomangekabani, baklunyule umqala ukuze ingakhali kakbulu.Bayimboza ngamahlamvuesagude noma ngamaphi amablamvu angenza kahle 10 msebenzi wokumbozalzinkukhu bafike baziqhuthe kuthi lezo zimpaphe ezisalayo bazihangule ngomlilo.Emva kwalokho bazobasa umlilo esidulini bese beyosalsiduli sinomlilo omuhleongenayo intuthu. lzothi ingavuthwa bayisobozele. Kokunye abayicuthi kephabavele baxove udaka, bayimboze ngalo ingacuthiwe bese beyimbela esidulini,bayigqibe qede babase ngaphezulu esidulini. lvuthwa lapho kube sengathiibigazingwa esitofini. lzimpaphe zisuka nodaka uma isivuthiwe. Ngeke usinike99

esingaboni nesibonayo ungake usizibe nje sengathi awusiboni. Nabafana benzenjalo.Balinganisa isikhathi, uma sebebona ukuthi cishe isivuthiwe, babe sebethwnaamavaka ukuba eyokweqela izinkomo. Ngenkathi besayokbalima izinkomo,izingqwele nabanye basala beshaya ikhuhle. Amavaka ayofica ngolwalulapha, agcinengokuconsa amathe. Ngisho engayidlanga ngeke athi vu kwabadala Vma eke asho,azowathola amanandinandi kuzingqwele.Ngale ndlela bafundiswa ukubekezelanoma sekimjani ngoba ngelinye ilanga bazokuba udibi noma amabutho enkosinesizwe. Bafundiselwa ukuthi ngisho sebekoMkhulu emadlangaleni umasebeyobuthwa bangakhali ngendlala sengathi ngamaninaFuthi wna sebephwnaizimpi bafundiselwa ukumela izimo ezinzima bebhekene nanobungozi besitha.Kokunye impi ize idle udaka qede iqhubeke iye lapho eyohlasela kbona ngoba ngekeibuye ilambatha, iphwne impi kamabuyaze. Sivela lapho isaga esithi:Ithi (impi) ingahamba, idle udaka.Isuke igcwalisa isisu ukuze ikwazi ukubhekana nezithaKokunye ize incweleamahawu qede iququde noma yose uma sekunzima kodwa isuke iphokopheleleukuyonqoba izitha ejutshelwe ukuba iyozinqoba !be ilokhu ithe nje:Akashongo njalo okaNdaba!Vyobuyelaphi?Lokhu kokuthi bashaywe uma bephahluke emakhaya ngezimfihlo zasekwalusenibafundiselwa ukuba nesifuba ngoba ngelinye ilanga bazophathiswa izimfihlo zesizwenezakoMkhulu uma sebeyizinhloli, izinceku, izinsila, ogqayinyanga noma izindunaVma uphethe imfihlo yesizwe noma yakoMkhulu awudli usiphahluka noma ubeunomahemuhemu, undaba kazibuzwa sengathi wakhah1elwa yihhashi esifubeni.100

Futhi-ke indoda ayihambi nje ihefuza ngisho izifuba zebandla sengathi ymma.Namanina akhulumela futhi ayizaliwakazi ngoba angachitha imizi.Indoda ephethe izindaba zakoMkhulu ngeke uyenze lutho uma isithe:Ngiphethe isifuba sakoMkhulu.Iyoze iyoziphefumula lmmniniso okuyiSilo samabandla onke jikelele.Yuqeqeshoolunzulu lolu.Akujwayelekile nkuthi abafana babanjwe uma benza 10 mdlalo ngoba bawenzangobllhlakani.Uma kwenzekile ngeshwa nomninimpahla, angeke amubeka calangoba abafana basnke besemsebenzini omkhulu wokuqapba imfuyo.Abanye nomakwenzeka babona bayacimeza sengathi ababoni.Futhi okukhulu kunakho konkeukuthi isizwe sikaMageba siyaziwa ngokuphana.Lo mdlalo ufundisa abafana ukucophelela uma benza izinto ngoba umabengacopheleli bengabuya inqina kaMabuyaze uma beyoqhwagela ngobabengabbadanywa umnininsimu. Kuyabasiza futhi abafana nkwazi izikhathi zonyakalapho izitshalo ezithile zitholakala ngazo.3.5.3.8 Iqanda lenjelwaneIqanda lenjelwane womunye wemidlalo ekhonzwe kakhulu abafana ekwaluseni.UNyembezi, (1992:209) uwucbaza kanje 10 mdlalo:Into ethukusiwe lapho kucushwe khona noma indleefulelwe ngenhlabathi etatshiswa ongaqikeleli.101

Ngenkathiizinkomo zisaklabile abafana bachitha isizungu ngokudlala imidlalonjengalo iqanda lenjelwane.Lo mdlalo udlalwa ngokuthi umfana ambe umgojanabese egqiba into ethize enyanyisayo ebese eyenga omunye ukuthi kukhona okuthileokuhle okugqitshiwe.Kuyagqitshwa umnenke, ixoxo elifile kodwa okujwayelekilekakhulu kuba yindle noma itshe lentaba Umgqibi ulalisa ulimi ngenkathi ekhuluma,kuthi nalowo ozocinga akholwe ukuthi kugqitshwe into enhle.Uzoya emagangeeyobheka, alike ahIangabezane nembibizane, athole into enyanyisayo njengalo itshelentabaUzothi engakutapa lokho okugqitshiwe, bamhleke honke abanye abafana.Umtapilapho uba ulwandle emva kokuyengwa, mhlawumbe agcine esezifikele mathuphakulowo obemyenga Bazolamula abanye abafana mhIawumbe agcine esebohlile lowootapile noma kwenye inkathi bagcine sebedumelene, baphundlane ngezinswazi.Lo mdlalo imvamisa bawenza kumuntu ababona nkuthi akawazi njengabafanyanaabaqala ukwelusa noma iminqolo lena engezi njalo ekwalust!ni.Abafana abakadebaqala ukwelusa angeke ubalokothe ubaluthe ngalo mdlalo ngoba sebeyawazi.Kuyenzeka ukuthi nabo omakade bebona balutheke ngenxa yokukhohlwa nomakwenye inkathi ngoba lowo ogqibile enekhono lokukhuluma nomuntu akholwe.Inhloso yalo mdlalo kusuke kuwukubona indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo umaephakathi kwabantu. Ngamanye amazwi indlela yokufunda incwadi evaliweengumuntu. Okwesibili ukufunda ikhono lokukhuluma kuthi uma ubeka into, umuntuakukholwe.Esinye isifundo esitholakala kulo mdlalo esokuqikelela ukuthi uma102

utshelwa into wumuntu, ungabi uthathekile kodwa into uyicubungulisise ngaphambikokuyenza. Lokho kunciphisa onhliziyo ezingaphandle, abahlale belobizela,belabelabela okungesikhona okwabo noma into esekude kunawe ngokobudala kuzekuthiwe, ubude abuphangwaUmfana uyaqeqeshwa ukuthi umdaka awuphangwangoba ziseza izimvula zehlobo nezokulima Ngakho-ke linda ithuba lakho elifanele,lizofika Ungabi ulobilobi noma unwayinwayi.3.5.3.9 Ukuciba insemaUkuciba insema ngomunye wemidlalo okhonzwe kakhulu ngabafana ekwaluseni.Into edala ukuthi 10 mdlalo ube nesasasa elikhulu kubafana wukuthi kunekhonoelifundwayo elidingwa kakhulu ngabafima, lelo khono eIokuciba Lokhu kufakazeIwauNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:27) lapho bethi:Lona ngumdlalo owawunesasasa elimangalisayo kwaZulu.Kusobala ukuthi okwakwenza Iokho yingoba 10 mdlalowawufundisa abafana ukugwaza nokuciba bashaye khonaUNyembezi, (1992:365) uyichaza kanje insema:Insema isimila okudliwa imiqumbe yaso okuthela ngaphansikugingqwa ngabafana bezifundisa ukuciba izinyamazane.ID anga, (1997:07) uyichaza kanje:Insema ngumuthi otholakala kakhulu ezinkangala ehlobo.Ebusika amakhasi ayo ayasha, ingabonakali. Insemaisithombo okudliwa imiqumbe yaso. Imiqumbe lena izimbaliezingavuleki. Okuthela ngaphansi kwaleso sithombo kudlalaabafana befunda ngakho ukuciba izinyarnazane.103

Uma kubhekwa lezi zincazelo ezingenhla, insema ingachazwa njengesitshaloesisabhatata nomaesisadumbe noma zambane.UNyembezi, (1992:61) ubeka kanje ngokuciba:Ukuciba ukujikijela ngento ecijile ngenhloso yokugwaza.Lo mdlalo udlalwa ngokutbi abafana basimbe lesi sigaxa bese befuna indawoengumthezuka noma ewnmmango bephethe izinkande.lzinkande izindukwanaezicijiwe okuzocitshwa ngazo insema.Imvamisa izinkande zakhiwa ngomuthiwesiphampatho. Uma sebefikile kuleyo nkundla abafana, bama uhele noma uqhiwu.Babe sebekhetha umfanyana oyedwa ozosiza ekuphonseni insema ngenhla.Lowomsebenzana ubizwa ngokutbi ukwediya.Umfana wokuqala uma ngezansi kutbiwa uma ethukwini. Labo abame lapho basukebebhekwe isambane ngoba basuke beme endaweni ebhedayo, engafuna muntu ngobakuchaza ukuthi uyisabluleki, awukwazi ukunemba. USibisi, (2003) uyichaza kanje lendawo:Ethukwini indawo epbansi ngendlela eyinqaba. Umfana omilapho kufana nokutbi udla amathuku isibungu esivelaemqubeni. Ngakho-ke naye uyefana nomquba. Ungumquba.104

ULanga, (1997:07) ulichaza kanje ithuku:Ithuku isibungu sasemqubeni, isibungu ebuchosheni bemvunoma izindlu ezingasesangweni emzini wesiNtu, zabantuabazitholwaAkekho noyedwa umfima othanda ukuba kuleyo ndawo.Dmfana wokwediyausezoyiphonsa insema bonke abafana sebemi ngomumo nezinkande zabo.Yilowokufuneka ayicibe ngenkathi idlula kuyena ngenkande.Kufuneka kukhumbulekeukuthi nsema ndini awutotobi nje, uhamba ngesivinini, okuzodingeka ukuthi nabafanababe nekhono lokunemba Oyinembile ngaphambi kokuba ifike esigcawiniusehlabene, usezonyuka ame ngemuva kwalowo obe ngenhla Le ndawo engenhlakuthiwa kusedala noma ebukhosini futhi iyona ndawo ebabelwe uwonkewonke.Isigcawu lesi indawo lapho kuhlatshelwa khona insemaDzoqhubeka-ke nmshikashika lowo beyihlaba insema, kuthi lowo obe nenhlanhlayokuyihlaba aze adundubale edaIa, ubuye abuyele ezansi ethukwini, azame khonaukukhuphuka njalo. Kukhona-ke abayihlaba baphumelele edaIa, njalo labo babizwangokuthi izinkunzi zayo.ULanga, (1997:08) usibeka kanje isizathu esidala ukuthibabizwe ngezinkunzi:Babizwa ngezinkunzi zayo ngoba benqobile bekhombiseikhono lokuba yizingcweti zokuyicibaKuyenzeka ukuthi kubekhona abahlale bebuyela ethukwini njalo, abanye babobagcina ngokuhoxa sebesaba ukuhlekwa.Abanye abalilahJi ithemba ngoba bayaziukuthi kukhona abazokuzuza uma bebekezela Osedala naye akufuni ukunyakaziswa,ufuna ukuthi ahlale elapho njalo ngakho uhlale efinqile.Isaga esithi: "Insema isimi105

ngokhande" naso savela ngenxa yalo mdlalo. Lesi saga sichaza ukuthi "ubuqiIi bakhesebuveIe obala".Ngaphandle kwalokho kunomqondo wokuthi umuntu usepheIeIwengamaqhinga Abanye baze benezeIe ngokuthi "insema isimi ngokhande etsheni".Uma 10 mdlalo usuphelile, abafana bayaye bayithathe insema Ieyo eseIe benze ngayoimisebenzi yezandla Bayaye benze abantu izinqoIa, amasondo kanye nezilwanyanaKonke Iokhu kubafundisa ukonga ngokuthi ayikho into yokulahlwa njeesenokusebenza yenze okuthile.Inhloso enkulu yalo mdlalo kusuke kuwulrufundisa abafana ikhono lokunernbaokuyikhono azolidinga kakhulu empilweni yakhe njengasezimpini noma kuliwa rYe.Kuphindwe kufundise nekhono Iobuchwepheshe emsebenzini wezandlaBaphindebafunde nekhono Iokubekezela ukuthi umuntu ugcine esephezulu urna ebekezeIaOkunye abakufimdayo ukubarnba iqhaza ernncintiswaneni, babekezele.3.5.3.10 Ukudlala emanziniEhlobo ilanga lisuke likhipha urnkhovu etsheni ngakho-ke kungalesi sikhathi Iaphoabafana bethokozela kakhulu imidlalo yasemanzini.Ebusika nakhona abafanabayadlala emanzini kodwa isasasa alibi likhulu njengasehlobo. UMsirnang,(1975:170) uphawula kanje ngalo mdlalo:Ng~ikhathi sasehlobo, lapho lingasashi", selikhipha inhlanziernanzini, abafana babezipholisa ngokubhukuda106

Le midlalo yasemanzini ayidlalwa noma kusiphi isiziba kodwa abafana bayaye bafuneiziziba ezinkulu futhi ezijulile.Ngenxa yolwazi abanalo lwezemvelo abafanaabamane bagxambukele noma kusiphi isiziba kodwa bayaqaphela ukuthi bengangenikulezo ezinobungozi ezinezinyoka, izingwenya, namadwi ayingozi.Miningi imidlalo edlalwa abafana uma belusile.Kukhona ukushaya idadamu,ukubhukuda, ukutshuza, ukudlala izingwenya, ukushaya intiki.3.5.3.10.1 UkubhukudaElinye igama elisho ukubhukuda ukuhlambaUkuhlamba lokhu ukuthi umfanaakwazi ukuntanta phezu kwamanzi engacwili esebenzisa izandla nezinyawoukugwedlaUkubhukuda noma ukuhlamba singakuthatha njengeqophelo lokuqalaemidlalweni yamanzi ngoba eminye imidlalo yasemanzini angeke akwazi ukuyenzauma engalazi leli zingaNgenkathi bebhukuda bayeye badlale umqhudelwano wokuthi ngubani ozokhathalakuqala Bayaye baziklamele ibanga abazolihlamba ukuze kubonakale ozodlaumhlanganiso.Uma usuzoqala 10 mqhudelwano, abafana kwenye inkathi bamangaphandle komfula, kube khona oyedwa ozobabalelaUyothi engabala afikeesibalweni ethile, basukise okwenhlamvu yesibhamu sebeyoziphonsa emanzini. Kubaukhethukhethi yilowo efuna ukudla ubhedu.Bazoya ngolmkhathala abanye kuzekube khona onqobayo. Lowo onqobayo ubizwa ngongoti kulesi sigaba sokubhukudaULanga, (1997:15) ubeka kanje ngalo mqhudelwano:107

Kuthi lapho bebhukuda badlale umqhudelwano wokuthingubani ozokhathaJa kuqala. Kuyaye kunqunyelwane ibangaokufanele umuntu alihlambe. Umuntu uyahlamba-ke eyaebuya. Kuyabalwa-ke ukuthi uze wahlamba ehamba leli bangakangaki ngaphambi kokuba athi usekhathele. Kulokhukuqhudelana kwOOo emanzini, yilapho kuvela khonaamakhono okuhlamba. Kutholakale ompetha, ongotibezinhlambi. Leli bizo-muntu inhlambi lisuselwa esenzwenihlamba.Kwenye inkathi umqhudelwano uqala khoDa phakathi emanzini.Abafana abancane(inkwebane) ayivunyelwa ukubhukuda ezizibeni ezijulile kepha ibhukuda osebenilomfula lapho kungajulile khona.Abafana abadala bayaye basebenzise yonainkwebane ukuqala 10 mqhudelwano, ngaphandle uma kukhona umfana ongabhukudingalelo langa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile okungaba ukulimala noma ukuzila.Izimfimdamakhwela zona ziyalekelelwa ongoti ngokuthi baziphahle ngapha nangaphaziziqaphe ukuthi zingaminzi zize zijwayele. Enye indlela yokufundisa 1000abasafufusayo ukuthi labo ababafundisayo babambane ngezandla zombilibazihlanganise ziqine.zalOOo abamfundisayo.Kuzothi-ke lowo ofundayo alale ngesisu phezu kwezandlaKufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi izandla zongoti 1000 zibangaphansi kwesisu salowo ofundayo. Lokhu kwenza kwenzela ukuthi lowo ofundayoakwazi ukufunda ukugwedla ngezingalo, ngezandla nangezinyawo.3.5.3.10.2 UkutshuzaUNyembezi, (1992:519) ukuchaza kanje ukutshuza:Ukudabula emanzini noma emoyeni ngejubane.108

Le ncazelo kaNyembezi ithanda ukungacacisi kahle ukuthi lolu blobo lokubhukudalwenzeka ngaphezu kwamanzi noma ngaphansi kwamanzi.Empeleni ukutshuzaukucwila umzimba wonke emanzini, ubambe umoya ungaphefumuli, uhambengaphansi kwamanzi leso sikhathi okwazi ukubamba ngaso umoya uze uphumelekwenye indawo usahamba phansi kwawo amanzi nalapho uqala khona ukuphefumula.Lo mdlalo uthanda ukuba yingozi ngoba kuyenzeka omunye atshuze kanti ikhonolokuhlamba akanalo, azithole esephumela emajukujukwini esiziba bese eblulekaukubuya noma aphefumule kabi amanziangene ngomlomo ancisheke umoya.Kodwa-ke ngenxa yobungoti abanabo abafana, basheshe babone abafana besebephuthuma beyomtakulaLo mdlalo udlalwa sakuqhudelana ngoba bayabalelwa bese beqala ukucwila, kuthilowo okwaze ukucwila watshuza ibanga elide ngaphandle kokuvela ngaphezulu kubeuyena onqobayo. Ikhona imigomo ebekwayo mayelana nezokuphepha.Izimfundamakhwela ziyayalwa ukuthi uma zihlangabezana nenkinga yokugwilizaemanzini azophakamisa izandla noma zimemeze ukuze zikwazi ukuthola usizongokushesha. Lokhu kuchaza khona ukuthi indlela yokuhlangula yesimanjeyaseNtshonalanga ithekelwe kuyona lena yakwaZulu.Ongoti uma sebebona isimosinjalo abananazi, bagxuma baziphonse ngalapho kwenzeka khona umonakalo besebetakula lowo ogwilizayo, bemphahle ngapba nangapha haze bayophuma nayeosebeni lomfula.Uma ebesegwilize waze waphuza amanzi, bayamkhipha ngokuthibamJalise ngomhlane bese bemgwed1a ezinyaweni becindezela isisu. Amanzi laphoaphuma eziqhashela. Kokunye bamshaya ngesih1abathi esiswini, belokhubemcindezela ngenhloso yokumkhipha onke amanzi abesegcwele esiswini.109

3.5.3.10.3 Ukushaya intikiOmunye umdlalo wasemanzini othandwa ngabafana ekwaluseni yilowo wokushayaintiki. UMakhathini, (2003) uyichaza kanje intiki:Intiki noma intshiki ukubhukuda emanzini kodwa ube ulelengomhlane.Lo mdlalo nawo bawudlala ngokuqhudelana.Kunqunyelwane ibanga elithizeokuzobhukudwa Iona belele ngomhlane. Kuzothi lowo ofike kuqala kube uyena odlaumhlanganiso. Nakhona lapha kuyenzeka ukuthi kube khona ogwilizayo. Ongotibahlale bekhona ukutakula labo abasenkingeni.Iqiniso elimqoka ukuthi nawo 10 mdlalo udlalwa ngokugwedla ngezandla nezinyawo.UmabIuko ukuthi kuwona umuntu usuke elele ebheke phezulu.Kufanele kubenokuxhnmana nokuhambisana okuthile phakatbi kokugwedla kwezandIa nezinyawoukuze umbhukudi angacwili noma azike.3.5.3.10.4 UlmIwa emanzinjOmunye umdlalo ovamiswe ukudlalwa abafana yilowo wokulwa emanzini.Kulomdlalo abafana bazishaya sampi ngokuthi beqembukelane kabili.Yilelo naleloqembu lizetha igama lebutho elithize. Basebenzisa udongwe njengesikhali. Kwenyeinkathi baluphonsa ngezandIa, kwenye inkatbi baluchome othini bese bejikijelana.UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:29) bayakweseka lokhu lapho bethi:110

Umdlalo ovamisile fufhi ukulwa ngodongwe emanzIll1kuqenjukwe amaqembu amabili kuthiwe ngamabutho empi.Kujikijelwana ngodongwe, kube ubuchaphachaphaemzimbeni, ize idwenguke-ke enye.Ngenkathi sekuliwa abanye bayajikijela bese becwila emanzini. Ukucwila emanzinikungenye yezindlela zokuvika Elinye iqembu liyaye libacuthele labo abayizitha zalobethi memfu, babanembe.Kushaywana baze babe manaphanapha udongwe kuzekube khona abagoba uphondo, babaleke baphumele ngaphandle kwesizibaKuyenzeka 10 mdlalo ube nobungozi ngoba kuyenzeka omunye bamnembe esweni.Noma kunjalo, akekho obekwa icala ngoba kusuke kudlalwaLo mdlalo uqeqeshaabafana amakhono okubamba impi. Ubafundisa ukunemba, ukuvika, isibindinamaqhinga okuhlasela ngoba akwaziwa ukuthi impi ngempela iyobambana endawenienJanI. Kokunye impi ibambana endaweni eyugwadule noma eyinkangalanjengeyaseSandlwana nje. Kepha kukhona izimpi ezifana neyaseNcomeneyaseNdondakusuka lapha yabambana khona phezu kwemifula iNcome nomauThukelaKulapho kwakudingeka khona-ke la makhono okulwa emaxhaphozininemifula igola izintethe.3.5.3.10.5 Umdlalo wezingwenyaOmunye umdlalo wasemanzini okukhonzwe ngabafana yilowo wokudlalaizingwenyaIngwenya iyaziwa ukuthi isilwane esiyingozi esingababheki abantuemanzini. Uma silambile, siyacutha emfuleni lowo singabonakali.Kwenye inkathiumuntu engabona ugodo luzintantela emanzini kanti sekunguyena umthakathi111

wezindabaKwenye inkathi acuthe osebeni lomfula lapho kukhona utshani ukuzesizifanise nabo.Siyothi singanakile isitha, ivele ithi memfu, ikhale yemuke naso.Akekho othanda ukubhukuda esizibeni esinezingwenyaLa mdlalo udlalwa ngokuthi abafana babemaqembu mabili.Kuba khona iqembuelizoba izingwenya, kubekhona elizoba ngabantu.Sekuzothi-ke leli elezingwenyalijahe leli labantu ngenkathi kubhukudwaLeli labantu lizothi galo yephuka,libalekela izingwenya Ngenxa yokuthi abanye abanalo ikhono lokubhukuda,izingwenya ziyababamba laba abangabantu bese bebadonsela phansi emanzini,bagwilize kwenye inkathi,Kulo mdlalo umuntu usindiswa izikhwepha ukuzeengacwiliswa emanzini. UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:29) bakuseka kanje lokhu:Omunye umdlalo okhona ngowezingwenya Kuba khonaidlanzi labantu ababizwa ngokuthi izingwenya Kuthi-ke umakubhukushwa bona babambe bebamba abanye abehlulekaukubaleka bebacwilisa emanzini baze bagwilize.La mdlalo unobungozi ngoba uma kungaqasheliwe umuntu engaphangalala kudlalwaNoma kunjalo 10 mdlalo ufundisa abafana amakhono okuzivikeIa uma bebhekenenesimo esibucayi emanzini, ikakhulukazi uma bebhekene nazo izingwenya ngobaabafana abahlukani namanzi.Uma udlalwa 10 mdlalo, Iowo osebanjiwe yizingwenya uyacwiliswa qede besekuthiwa useyingwenya Babe beIokhu bebanjwa ngamunye ngamunye lize IipheIe Ieliqembu labantu. Emva kwalokho sebezoshiDtshana Abakade beyizingwenya babengabantu, abakade bengabantu babe yizingwenyaKuqhutshekwe nokubanjwananokuvika izimo lezo ezibucayi zokuvika izingwenya noma uphunyuke sezikubambile112

kodwa zingakakucwilisi.Kufuneka zize zikucwilise kuqala kuma uphenduka ubayingwenya3.5.3.10.6 Uknshaya idadamuUkusbaya idadamu yilona gxathu Iokuqala umfana afundiswa ngalo ukubhukudaJdadamu indlela yokubhukuda Iapho umuntu eshaya khona amanzi ewasaphazaephambanisa izinyawo kodwa ebe ezilekeIeIa ngokugwedla ngezandlaAbafana bayaqhudelana ngokushaya idadamu. Bayaye baklame umgomoabazoqhudeIana ngawo.Mhlawumbe bengakJama ukuthi basuke osebeni Iwesizibabaye koIuye usebe kanduba bayeke. Lapho ozodla umhlanganiso yilowo ozophumaphambili ashiye abanye behefuzeIa sebepheleIwa umoyaNgenkathi beqhudeIanawena osuke ungemuva usuke uveIeIwe ngoba ugcina ungasayiboni indIeIa kahlengoba Iaba abaphambili basaphaza amanzi aqhashe kube njeya ngamasibomu ukuzenihlehle ningabalandeli eduze bese bephumeIeIaLo mdlalo ufundisa abafana ukukwazi ukuhlamba emanzini futhi bakwazi nokuweIaemfuleni noma ngabe udla izindwani.Yize abafana beqeqeshwa nezindleIa eziningizokuzivikeIa uma bebhekene nezinkinga emanzini kodwa kuba khona abafayo. Cishenesaga esithi "InbJambi ifela emanzini" sadabuka kanjalo ngoba noma kunjaniabafana bayawatbanda amanzi haze banqotshwe ukufa.Le midlalo yasemanziniiqinisa imizimba yabo, ibafundisa namaqhinga okushesha baphulukundleIe umabebhekene nenkingaOkukhulu kunakho konke ukuthi abafana abafuni ukuthikuthiwe kukhona isiziba abasesabayo noma esibehlulayo ukunqamula kabili beze113

eyophuma ngaphesheya noma sisikhulu, sibanzi kangakanani.Noma kuthiwasinesilwane njengenyoka basithanda kabi haze badele ngokuba kube khonaokwenzekayo.Bona uma sebefikile phezu kwesiziba, befuna ukubhukuda, bafazainhlabathi phakathi bathi: Akuphume konke okulapha sekuzongena thina! Emvakwalokho basho phakathi. Okunye bayokubona emva kwendaba noma komonakalo.3.5.3.11 UJrnzingelaUkuzingela ngumdlalo obaluleke kakhulu ebafaneni. Isizathu salokho ukuthi 10mdlalo uyabasiza kakhulu ukweseka insika uma isithanda ukuwa ngenkathibesalusile.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMhlongo, (1991:02) lapho eveza khona indodayaseLangeni, uMbengi edliwa IInkatho lokuyobhoboza isifuba senkosi kwaZuluesezithela phezu kwabafana belusile kanje:Aphendle ngenswani yakhe uMbengi, athubeleze aqondephambili. Uma ethi thushu kwelinye iwathanga aboneimihlambi yezinkomo emihle. "Habo, ngoNjomane yini -",athuke esekhamelele ngephimbo ebuza kephaengenalruphendulwa muntu. "-- nakhu okungabafana.Kwenzenjani? Abanye basengamabhoxongwane kanti abanyesebeqatha Sebengayibamba odibini!" Ukhuluma yedwa njenaAkhe irnikhala, asinge njengoba ebukela !rude nje. Abonebebheke phansi behlangene ngamakhanda wena owabona iviyolezintuthwane zididinga inyarnazane esezihlabene ngayo.Kosiwa inyama lapha. Kuyacaca ukuthi zinyiwe ubheklewazishiya Abone ukuthi uyobe wephuzile umfo waseLangeni.Anikele esekhilikithela Usondela khona useyasho ngengila:"Ayibbashi mabongwendlini." Lumphendule kuchwaze nje:"Ngena wethu - ungene uphelele!" Asondele esekhasazelaHa, kanti kukhona ukudla okwedlula inyama?Ngenkathi besalusile abafana bayaye bagawule imithi, babaze izinkezo, izingqoko,amaphini, izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo, izinduku kanye nezagilaKwaZulu akekho114

urnf,ma noma owesilisa ohamba elengise izandla engaphethe nduku ngoba indukuyisona sikhali sakhe azivikela ngazo nxa ehlaselwa abanye abafana, izigila-mkhubanoma nje ashaye ngayo inyoka uma ethuka eyilamela. UMsimang, (1975:152)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:-Khona belu ekweluseni abafana babefunda ngamagamanemisebenzi yezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yehlathi. lmithi eyabeisemqoka kakhulu empilweni yobufana ngeyezinduku. Phelainduku nobhoko nesagila yizona zikhali zokuqala eziphathwangnrnfana azivikele ngazo uma ehlaselwa ngabanye nomaesukelwa inyoka. Yizona futhi elusa ngazo nanqanda ngazoontanga ukuze bangazichachazeli nje. Uma kunjalo, kufunekaayazi imithi yezinduku engephuki kalula, nenomongoomncane hhayi ubhongabhonga nje. lzinduku zaziphathwakahle zidiywe ezidunwini, kucijwe inhlabela. Lapho zisandakngawulwa zazithukuswa emqubeni noma endaweni elithunziukuze zome lusica, zingagazulwa lilanga hleze zibelula. Umakublatshiwe induku ibigcotshwa ngamafutha ukuze ihlale njaloicwebezela, ibe nombala omthubu kokunye ibemnyamaLapho kubleziwe umfana ubengavumi kubekhona oweqainduku yakhe, kuthiwe owenze njalo umfakela iwa lokuba awelapho impi isihlangene izitha zimeqe ngaphezulu. Yingalokhoizinduku zazihlonywa ezintingweni lapho kungafinyelelimuntu kalula khona.Ngenxa yolwazi olunzulu abafana abaluthola ekwaluseni bayayazi imithi eyenzaizinduku eziqinile njengephahla, inama, isiphampatho, umhlwathi, inqayi, icibo,umnqumo, igqeba neminye.Ngalesi sikhathi besalusile abafana bagawula izindukunezagila.Izagila ziyehluka, kubakhona lezo zokubloba bese kuba khona lezozokuzingela.Ezokuzingela azinabo ubuciko ngoba kngawulwa lapho kuhlanganakhona arnagatsha kusale iqhuzwana elingaba isagila.UDludla, (2003) ubeka kanjengalezi zagila:lzagila zokuzingela inhloso yazo kusuke kungezokuphonsanoma ukujikijela ngakho-ke akudingeke bunyonincongenkathi zigawulwa ngoba kuyenzeka ngenkathi nmzingeli115

ejikijela silahleke. Ozingelayo uphatha zibe ningiukubhekana nalesi simo.Okunye okudingeka kakhulu uma kuzingelwa nokuwumgogodla wokuzingela izinjaAyikho neyodwa inqina engaphuma ngaphandle kwazo, ngakho awukho umuzi laphakwelikaMthaniya ongayifuyile inja Inja yilona sotsha lomuzi. Igada izihambi,ibikele umninimuzi ngazo, naphakathi kwamabili abakhunkuli babikwa yiyo, uyizweisishaya umkhulungwane. Nemimoya emibi inja iyakwazi ukuyihogela Ngakho injaiyanakekelwa kusukela izelwe.Uma izelwe isewumdlwane iphiwa umlaza namasiavutshwe ngezinkobe. Kufanele uma isakhula kuqashelwe ukuthi ikhishwaumnqantula, okuyisibungu esimila ngaphansi kolimi esivimba ukuthi injaingakuthandi uk:udla Lesi sibungu sikhishwa ngeva UMakhathini, (2003) uphawulakanje ngokukhipha umnqathula:Kuyisihluku esingechazwe ukukhipha umnqantula ngentoebukhali njengensingo noma okucishe kufane nakho ngobaumdlwane usuke wophe kakhulu kwenye inkathi ugcinengokufa Iva yilona elingumakhonya ekwenzeni 10 msebenzi.Umdlwane udinga ukunakekelwa uma usandakuzalwa ngokuthi uxukuzwe isisu ukuzeungabi mapak1aza futhi usuthe.Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthi ubanjwe ngezinyawoezingemuva ubhekiswe phansi bese uyaxukuzwaNokho kufanele kukhunjulweukuthi lesi senzo asimnandi ngakho umdlwane uyakhaIa kakhulu ngenkathi kwenziwa10 mkhuba Oyixukuzayo kufanele engenzi mawaIaNoma inja isidla, idinga ukunakekelwa Iphiwa amathambo nenyama engatheni umakuhlatshiwe, ihlomule kakhudlwana uma ibambiIe ngoba inikezwa amathumbu,lJ6

amanqina namatbambo enyamazane.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi ibone ukuthi umaibambile nayo izothola, igcine isikuthanda ukuzingelaKubalulekile ukuthi inja inakekelwe ngokuya ethunjini. Uma inja ingayitholi impathoefanele nayo igcina isiguqula indlela yokuziphathalsaga esithi: "Ithi ingalambaiphenduk' inkentshane". Lesi saga sikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi uma injainganakekelwa ingaphenduka isitha ekhaya iqhobozele imfuyo. UNyembezi,(1954:188) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:A dog will not interfere with domesticated animals like goats,sheep, etc. which would be its natural food in the wild state.That, however, depends on whether the dog is well fed. Ifit isnot well fed and starves, the drive of hunger causes its wildnature to reassert itself, and the dog forgets the artificialbarriers set for it. It will wreak havoc even amongdomesticated animals.Even with human beings the same thing happen. The pangs ofhunger will cause one to do things which, ordinarily, onewould never think ofdoing. Hunger makes one forget oneself.The same may be said of a person who is in desperatecircumstances. He will try anything in the hope that he may besaved.Nayo njengemidlwane iphathwa izifo kodwa esithanda ukungayiniki thuba yilesookuthiwa usekelaingenwa amakhazaInja ephethwe yilesi sifo ibonakaIa ngokuqhaqhazela, ungathiLilula ikhambi lalesi sifo ngoba umniniyo umane ayisikeingxenye yendlebe bese iyelnlamaUMsimang, (1975:46) ubeka ngalesi sifo:Ezindala zona zihlushwa usekela Uma uyingene uyibonangokungenwa amakbaza, ivevezele libalele. Bebesimzebayisike indlebe, kube isiyelashiwe njalo.117

Inja ekhonzwe kakhulu uma kuzingelwa kuba ichalabaIchalaba inja enkuluyenduna Isizathu salokhu ukuthi linamandla futhi linejubaoe liyakwazi ukubhekaoanezilwaoe ezinenkani njengezinyamazane.Amachalaba futhi akujwayele ukuhlaleelwa ebanga zone belu izinjakazi ikakhulukazi ngesikhatbi sokukhwelanaInjakaziinja yensikazi esikhulile.Injakazi ayinawo amandla njengechalaba futhi nejubaoe1ayo alilikhulu.Olunye uhIobo Iwenja olukhonzwe kakhulu ekuzingeleni ibhansi.UNyembezi, (1992:21) ulichaza kaoje ibhansi:Inja yokuzingela elukhocosi.Inja iyinja ngokubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo uma kuzingelwaInja engazingeliayitbandwa muntu, ibizwa ngamagama aogemnandi njengokuthi iwumquba,umqulathi, umgodoyi, umhogwaoe namanye ahambelana nawo.NesiZulu siyashoukuthi "Kubamba ezingelayo".Lokho kususelwa khona ekutheni inja engazingeliayitholi lutbo nomuntu ongazizameli akazuzi lutbo.Inja ezingelayo nehlabanayoekuzingeleni nomniniyo uyahlomula futhi uyaqhilika intokozo.Nesaga esithi "Injaibambela umniniyo", savela kaojalo.UNyembezi, (1954:214) usitolika ngolimiIwasemzini lesi saga kaoje:Inja ibambela umniniyo. (A dog catches [buck] for its owner).Just as the buck canght by a dog when hunting belongs to theowner ofthe dog, a servaot also labours for his master.AbafllT!a abazingeli into etheni kuleli banga futhi nokuzingela kwabo akuhlelelwanjengenqinaBayaye bakhaphele izinkomo ekhaphelweni, kwenye inkatbi baceleabaf"llyana ukuba baqaphe imfuyo. Noma ukuzingela kwabo kungekhonaokweqophelo eliphezulu nabo benza okusemandleni abo futhi baqala nokufundisana118

elandela imithetho yayo inqina.Bayaqaphela ukuthi uma konke abakutholengenkathi bezingela abakudli kodwa baze bakwethule emakhaya noma ngabe kuncanekangakanani.Abadala nabo bayababonga abafuna banconcoze ukuze babapheugqozi.Bayafunda imithetho ethile yenqina njengokuthi uma kuvuka inyamazane,ayibizwa ngegama ngoba uma kwenzeke njalo, leyo nyamazane ngeke besakwaziukuyibulalaUNxumalo, (1951:69) uyakweseka lokhu lapho eveza uDodo exoxanoManiki ethi:Lalela uze ubhasobhe-ke. Uma uzwa bethi, 'ubonakele'!Uboqonda ukuthi sekuvuke isilo," kumpempeza uDodo.Ungezwa futhi bekhala ngokuthi, 'Enhla, ezansi, amathole:bese wazi ukuthi sekuvuke izingulube. Usheshe ucingeumuthi ngoba ingulube iyokwedlula nawe. Cha-ke umauzwa besho 'uluthi' ubokwazi ukuthi basho insimba.Wabuza uManiki wathi, "Basuke bekuhloniphelanibangakubizi ngamabizo akho?"Kuthiwa uma ukubize wakugangalaza kusuke kucashekungabe kusabulawa Uma uke walokotha-nje wakubizangegama lakho lokho okuhlonishwayo, izinsizwa eziseduzenawe ziyokuphophotha ngezinti zemikhonto zithi, 'Sukalesisiphukuphukwana!"Bayafunda futhi nokuthi uma uhIaba inyamazane kufanele uthokoze kunanelenamawa, kuzwe bonke ohamba nabo.Lokho kwenzelwa ukuthi noma kwenzekilewayihlaba yangawa inyamazane kodwa nozoyiqedela azi ukuthi ivuswe uwe ngobaphela nakhu uthokozile kwezwakala Uma ungenzanga njalo, ozoyiqedela unelungelolokuyiqola, athi ivuswe nguye ngoba engekho omemeze wakhombisa ukuthokoza.Lokhu kufakazelwa uNyembezi, (1951 :70) lapho uDodo eyala uManiki ethi:Uma ushaya unogwaja noma uhIaba inyamazane ubothokoza.Umemeze kakhulu kuzwe umuntu wonke. Wayemchazela ethi"Uyabona njengoba singabalapha eMathunzi nje, unele119

uyihlabe inyamazane uthokoze ngokuthi, Mamo, Amathunziezintaba!" Uyozwa-ke abakini sebenanela ngokuthi; 'Thunzi,thunzi." Noma uyihlabe yamuka, bayiqedela ngaphambili,sekungeyakho ngoba uthokozile kwezwakala Ukhumbulephela ukuthi lowo okuqedelele inyamazane yakhouzomhlomulela umIenze." Kugeceza uDodo.Uma kuphunywe inqina abantu enihlangana nabo anibabingeleli ngendlelaeyejwayelekile futhi anibabuzi nampilo. Kodwa babingelelwa ngokuthi uthi''Ngamehlo enyamazane"; nabo baphendule ngokuthi; ''Ngamehlo ayo." UNxumalo,(1951 :70) uphinde akweseke lokhu lapho ethi:Ungasho kwesihlangana nabo ukuthi sanibonani; ngisho phelaabaya enqineni. Ubothi ''Ngamehlo enyamazane!" Bonabovuma ngokuthi; ''Ngamehlo ayo."Uma le migomo ingalandelwanga, abazingeli bangabuya belambathaYingakhokwaze kwavela nesaga esithi: "Baphum' inqina kaMabuyaze". Okuchaza ukuthibabuye behambaze befana nomuntu ongembethe.Lokhu kufakazelwa uNyembezi,(1990: 117) lapho echaza Iesi saga kanje ngolimi lwasemzini:Baphum' inqina kaMabuyazi. (They went on a huntingexpedition ofMr Mabuyazi, i.e. Mr Come back-empty).The expression centres in the words ukubuya ze, to returnempty. When a hunting expedition sets out, the people athome expect to see them return with animals which they havekilled.When, therefore a person goes out on a fruitless errand, he islikened unto a hunting expedition which goes out and returnsempty-handed.Noma-ke abafana bengakayiphumi inqina kodwa ngenkathi bezingela besalusile,bayazama ukuziqhelanisa nemikhlltshana eyenziwa khona ngoba lokhu kubahlomisela120

ingomuso lapho nabo sebefike kulo izinga lolruthi nabo bazimbandakanye nayo.Bakhona abafana asebekhule ngokwanele ukuphuma inqina abaselusayo, yibona-kelaba bafana abacobelela abafanyana ulwazi nemigomo yokuzingela.Abafana kuleli zmga bazingela ngokungakwamandla abo.Bazingela izinyoninamabuzi. Amabuzi azingelwa ngolruthi abafana baqembukelane amaqembu amabili.Abanye bazongena emavungwini phakathi esikhotheni beyowathusa, elinye iqembulisuke seliqaphe ngeso lokbozi emzileni lapho ehamba kbona ngezagilanangezinkande.Amabuzi phela awawushintshi umzila ahamba ngawo yingakhokulula ukuwazingela.Ngenkathi besaqembukelene, bahlabelela iculo elisamdlalokepha libapha umdlandla wokwenza 10 msebenzi ngempumelelo. ULanga, (1997:21)ulibeka kanje leli culo:Kuzobe sekuhlatshelelwa kanje:Iqembu IIqembu2Iqembu IIqembu2Imbimbiju!Ha!Idla abantwana!Ha!Noma-ke kuhlatshelelwe kuthiwe:IgosaAbavumayoIgosaAbavumayoWenayo!Wenayo!AmabuziAwubhekengizolmhlinzel' injelaneAmab UZl.·fBazosho belokbu bephindelela beshaya nehlombe.Ayothi angaqhamuka amabuzi,bawacibe ngezinkande.Lawo ahlatsbiwe bayawatbatha, bawebule, bawose nomaaphekwe. Bayawadla banike nezinja uma bethanda.121

Ikhono lokuciba balifunda kulo mdlalo okuyilona abazolidinga uma sebezingelabeciba izinyamazane. Nekhono lokuhlinza baliqala khona lapha ngenkathi behlinzaamabuzi.Izinyoni zona bazicupha ngezihishe, izife nangenomfi.Izihishe zeuziwa ngokuthikwakhiwe imigoga bese kufakwa izinti bese kufakwa nentambo eyisihishe.Maphakathi nezihishe kufakwa icombo noma umgqakazo ukuheha izinyoni. Ziyothizithi ziyokudla ukudla, ugwibike umgoga, inyoni ibambeke esihisheni.Enyeyezindlela zokuzingela izinyoni ukuzicupha ngenomfi. Inomfi inindwa laphokuvamise ukuhlala khona izinyoni.Ziyothi ziyahlala bese zinamathela unomphelazehluleke ukundiza bese abafana beyazicoboshisa.Enye yezindlela yileyo yokuzicupha ngezife. UNxumaio noNyembezi, (1966:28)babeka kanje ngale ndlela:Kanti lapho zicushwa ngezife kufuneka inhlava, inhlwabusinoma okunye okudliwayo okungahawukelwa yizinyoni.Lokhu kudla kubekwa pbakathi nendawo othini oluthintenenoluseke itshe ukuze ithi ingathi iyathinta inyoni liwe itsheiciphizeke ife noma ilimale kakhulu.Le ndlela yokucupha yaze yadala isaga esithi "Itshe limi ngothi Nkombose kababa"ngoba izinyoni zaze zawufunda 10 mkhuba wabafana wokuzicupha kanje sezibonaukutbi nakwaMadala eJuteni alikaze itshe lime ngothi kungonakele lutho.Enye yezindlela eyejwayelekile yileyo yokusebenzisa izindwayimane.UNyembezi,(1992:326) uyichaza kanje indwayimane:122

Into yokushwiba amatshe ngamandla amakbulu nomaisidubulo sezinyoni.Le ndlela iyona esingathi ilula kunezinye ngoba uma umfana ekwazi ukunemba,uyazibhuqabhuqa izinyoni. Kodwa nakho akulula ngoba nazo ziyayifundaimikhutshana eyenziwa abafana enenjeje. Kwenye inkathi zithi zingambona umfanaethi ulula indwayimane leyo, zishaye zichithe, ngakho nabafana bayazifihlaLo mdlalo muhle ngoba uyabasiza abafana ukuthi bazi izilwane ezinhlobonhloboeziyingozi nezingeyonaKuphinde kusize abafana ukuthi balazi inxeba umasekuhlatshwa ngoba befunda khona ekwaluseni.Ikhono lokunemba nelokucibauhIabe esikhonkosini kufundwa khona lapho ekwaluseni ngenkathi beciba amabuzingezinkande nangenkathi beshaya izinyoni ngezindwayimane.Ngenkathi beshayaizinyoni bafunda nezinhlobo zazo izinyoni.Amakhono okuhlinza nawo avuswakhona lapho ngenkathi behlinza amabuzi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uLanga, (1997:22)lapho ethi:Bafunda ulmhlinVl nokwebula Abafana laba baye balingiselapho kuhlinzwa, okuyisikhunjana sebuzi baseneke elangenikuhle okwesenkomo noma esembuzi.3.5.3.12 UkwelenyoniLo mdlalo ungomunye okhonzwe kakhulu ekwaluseni.Udlalwa ngokuthi abafanabagibele emithini haze bafike phezulu. Lowo mfana okwaze ukuthi athi chwa yedwaphezu1u kunabo bonke njengenyoni ihleli esicongweni sesihlahla uyena odlanmhlanganiso. ULanga, (1997:23) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:123

Kulo mdlalo abafana bagibela ezihlahleni. Lokhubakwenza ngokuncintisana Kubhekwa ukuthi ubaniozokwazi kugibela aze ayofika phezulu kwelenyoni laphoabanye okungenzeka bangakwazi ukufinyelela khona Lomdlalo uyingozi uma abafana bephikisana ngokufinyelelaegatsheni lokugcina ngoba ayantenga bawe balimale.Lowo ogibele waze wayothi chwa kwelenyoni ubeesebuza kwabanye athi:ObuzayoAbaphendulayoObuzayoAbaphendulayoNgikuphi mina?UkwelenyoniN ma. · ?Siphansi.Emva kwalokho ebe esehlabelela athi:Inkosi yakithiBayithumele ePitoliUkub' iyogadaAbant' ababoshwayoWo! wo-wo-O! O! OO!Sawubona mntakankehliSigaxa sikabhatataInhloso enku1u yalo mdlalo ukufundisa abafana isibindi ngoba amagwalaawanandawo kwaZulu.Lo mdlalo uphinde ube lusizo kakhulu kubafana laphobebhekene nezilwane zasendle eziyingozi bengasenayo indlela yokubaleka besebeqhwakela kuso isiblahla leso.Abanye abafana kuphinde kubasize lapho bethukebaba izinhloli ngoba izinhloli uzithole sezilenga ezih1ahleni, zihogela imimoya futhizifuna nokusinga kahle.3.6 UlmbuthwaNgenkathi mnfana ekhula, ukhula aze alike ebangeni lokuba yibhungu, engami laphoakhule aze afike ebunsizweni.Kukuleli zinga lapho esethola ithuba lokubuthwa.124

Igxathu elibaluIeke ngendlela engechazeke kumuntu wesilisa leli ngoba yilaphoefezekisa amaphupho akhe namakbono ekade ewafunda esakhuIa KufanelekukhumbuIeke ukuthi kubuthwa abafana asebekhuliIe, bathomba hhayiamabhobhodleyananje. UMasondo, (1940:32) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Kwabekuthi nxa sebekhuIile-ke abafana, sebethombilephela, besebebuthwa yinkosi. Babesuka bayokwalusaizinkomo zenkosi bakleze kuzo, bese kubonakala ukuthisebefuna ukubuthwa, ngoba nakhu sebezokleza kwezenkosieziqondene nalokho.UNyembezi, (1992:46) ulichaza kanje leli gama:Ukuqoqela ndawonye ontanga nezinye lZlllSIZWa ezithikazibe kuIelo banga, babe liqembu (imvamisa lempi)bethiwe igamaLe ncazelo iphinde yenanelwe uKrige, (1950:106) lapho ethi:The next stage after puberty is the incorporation of a maninto full tribal membership is his "grouping up" with othersofhis age into a regiment.Uma abafana sebezibona ukuthi sebekhuIe ngokwanele ukuthi sebengabuthwa, bayebakukhombise ngandlela thize lokho. Leyo ndlela ngeyokuthi umfana abaleke ekhayaaqonde ngqo emzini wenkosi obekelwe ukwenza lowo msebenzi.Uzothi engafikakhona azidlise satsbanyana ebese elusa izinkomo zenkosi. Akagcini lapho, usezosukaakleze khona lapho ezinkomeni zenkosi okuwupbawu olukbuIu lokuthi usefunaukubuthwaInd.ma enkuIu yenkosi isizofunda kwezayo bese udaba ilwethuIakuMlomo ongathethimangaUNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:108) bayakwesekalokhu lapho bethi:125

Lona kwakungumkhuba oqavile wakwaZulu. Bekuyayekuthi kungaphela mhlawumbe iminyaka emibili nomaemithathu abafana bakhula, baye komkhulu, beluseizinkomo zakhona, bese bede bekleza. Isizobonake indunayenkosi ukuthi laba bafana sebecela ibutho labo.Lokhu kuphindwe kufakazelwe uMasondo, (1940:32) lapho ethi:Kwabekuthi nxa sebekhulileke abafana, sebethombilephela, besebebuthwa yinkosi. Babesuka bayokwalusaizinkomo zenkosi, bakleze kuzo, besekubonakala ukuthisebekufuna ukubuthwa, ngoba nakhu sebezoklezakwezenkosi eziqondene nalokho. Owabeqondenenamabutho kwabekuyinduna enkulu yempi, ithi nxaisisibona isikhathi ukuthi sesilungile sokubuthwa, nanxaisibabona ukuthi sebebaningi abafana asebekufaneleukubuthwa, ibisiluyisa enkosini loludaba Inkosiibisilwamukela ukuba ibabuthe.Uma inkosi isikhiphe izwi lokuthi abafana abakulelo banga sebengabuthwa, zonkeizinduna ziyabaqoqa babe iviyo bese ihamba nabo iyobathula enkosini.Bazofikakomkhulu abafana bakhe amadlangala akake umuzi wenkosi. Amadlangala indlwanaeyakhiwa endle yesikhashana yokulinda amabutho. Ngenkathi besalindile,bayasebenza, bakhe imizi yenkosi, beyivuselela lapho ingasalungile khona, bavuselelenesibaya senkosi.Ngaphezu kokulungisa imizi yenkosi amabutho aphoqelekileukuthi ashiye igama komkhulu ngokuthi nawo akhe indlu ezobizwa ngegama lawo.Ngaphezu kokulungisa umuzi wenkosi amabutho ayalima, atshale kwenye inkathiagcine esevuna nokuvuna ngoba side kakhulu isikbathi esichithwa ekubuthweni.Imvamisa ayesinda ekulimeni ngoba kwakubuthwa ebusikaNgenkathi ekomkhuluukudla kusuke kuyinala ngoba amakbosikazi nodadewabo bayabalethela ukudla kanyenotshwala kodwa nawo ayazenzela okuningi.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMasondo,(1940:33) lapho ethi:126

Miningi imisebenzi eyabe yenziwa komkhulu nxakusembuthweni, ngoba babeziphekela, bezikhelela amanzi,bezitheza nezinkuni, besinda nalapho behlala khona, kungabilibhuqu sengathi abayibona abantu. Namasimu enkosiabelinywa ngamabutho, ngoba inkathi yokubuthwakwamabutho yayiba sebusika, lapho sekuvuniwe.Amabutho avuka njalo ekuseni enze le misebenzi bese kuthi uma seliphakeme bayeesibayeni lapho bezohlangana khona nenkosi noma izinduna zayo kudingidweizindaba zombuso. UMsimang, (1975:345) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Ngesikhathi sasemini ayaye aye esibayeni noma enkundleniayokotha ibandla kokunye abonane nenkosi kubhungweezombuso. Kulapho amadoda ayenikezana imiqondo, kuthiweathungela injobo ebandla.Ukubuthwa lokhu akukhona nje ukusinisa amahleza. lzinsizwa namabhungubayahlushwa bashaywe kanzima uma nje benze iphutha elincane.Vma izinsizwazithuke zahiJizisana, zidedelwa udede kuthiwe azishayane zikhiphane inkani. Kuyozekuphethe ngokuthi enye igobe uphondo.UMsimang, (1975:344) uyakuveza lokholapho ethi:Bebekhacana behlohlolozana kungekho oncenga omunye.Owesindwe izinyawo ubedindwa ngenduku. Owehlulayonowehlulwayo ubebonakala ngombala. Oshisekayowayededelwa iqhude nalowo abhongelana naye kuthiweabashayane udede badelisane inkani. Onqobile usezotholaizibongo khona lapho. Ayephila impilo yezixhwanguxhwanguamabutho. Kungumsebenzi wezinduna ukuwabophela ejokeni10 mthetho.127

Inhloso yalokhu kuphathana ngesihluku ukwakha amabutho aqinile, angewonaamagwala nemifece. Noma amabutho eziphatha budedengu nangobudlova, izindunazikhona ukugcina umthetho ukuze 10 mcimbi ungaphumi esandleni.Inhloso yokubuthwa ukwandisa amabutho enkosi.Amabutho kufanele kube abantuabaqinile, abanesibindi namandla, kungabi imifece.Yingakho babephathwa kanjeukuze kufezeke lezi zinhloso. Umfo kaKrige, (1950:107) uyakwesekela lokhu laphoethi:The most important part in the ukubuthwa old was thestrengthening of the men so as to instill into them thecourage and strength that is required of every member ofthe King's army.Nezintelezi ezisetshenziswa bebuthwa nazo ziyaluma, bazinwaya bezinwayile.Inhloso yalokhu kubaba kubenza babe nesibindi futhi balangazelele impi.Ngesikhathi besalinde emadlangaleni, inyanga yenkosi iyabasebenza ngezintelezizezempi.Le nyanga ayelaphi eminye imizi ngaphandle kokubhekana nokwelaphainkosi.Ngosuku olukhulu lokubuthwa, inkosi inikeza izinsizwa inkunzi emnyamaokuthiwa eyernibengo.Le nkunzi iba mnyama ngoba inhloso kuwukukhiphaisinyama lapha emabuthweni.Le nkunzi ayibulawa ngokugwazwa ngernikhontokodwa ibulawa ngezandla ngokuthi yephulwe ithambo le ntamo. Kufanelekukbumbuleke ukuthi nayo inkunzilena isuke isikhothiswe irnithi nezinteleziezinzima ukuze ingadluli nomunye uma isibulawa ngoha uma kube njalo kushoukuthi kukhona abazosala enkundleni. Ngenxa yalesi simo, inyanga ikhipha izindukuzayo zokugcina ukugwema ukuba ingozi ingenzeki.128

Le nkunzi yemibongo ihlinzwa ngokukhulu ukushesha uma iqeda ukuwa ukuzekusikwe imidikizo ezothakwa nezintelezi zokuqinisa amabutho.Emva kwalokhoinyanga izothatha inyongo iyithake nezintelezi yenze umuthi wokuncinda.Yilelonalelo butho lifike lincinde bese lithatha iqatha embengweni ekugcineni kuncindayona inkosi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:343) lapho ethi:Ngalo leli langa, amakhosikazi emizi eseduze aletha utshwalabalo mkhosi. Amabutho wona anikela ehlathini eseyothezaizinkuni ezizokosa le nyama Yiwona futhi azobasa umlilo lengasesangweni ukuthatha kokusa. Sekuzophuma inyanganolukhulu udengezi ithele kulo inyongo yale nkunzinamacwiyo okukhanda kanye nentelezi yokuncinda.Amahutho asezofika ancinde qede eqe udengezi bese ethathaiqatha kule mibengo yenkunzi.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi alikho ibutho elingenagama ngoba ibutho igamayilona eliqagula iminyaka yomuntu. llanga lokwethiwa kwegama yilo leli lokudliwakwemibengo ethakiwe yenkunzi emnyama Inkosi iliqamba igama ibutho qede ebeselishuphula inkunzi. Igama lebutho liqanjwa ngezigigaba ezithile emIandweni wenkosinoma kwenye inkathi izifiso zayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:342)ngokuqanjwa kwebutho leNkosi uSolomoni, uPhondolwendlovu lapho ethi:Ngenkathi u "Prince of Wales" ehambele kwaZulu ngo 1925inkosi uSolomoni yamupha isipho esinenani elikhulu,amazinyo endlovu, ukuze lokhu kube nesikhumbuzouSolomoni wabe esebutha uPhondolwendlovu.Emva kokuncinda amabutho athwala izikhali ekhanda ebese inyanga iwachelangentelezi yempi.Lizonele lingabizwa ibutho, linanele ngokukhuleka u- "Bayede".Ibutho liba nesinzizwa ezicela ekhulwini noma ngaphezudlwana129

Emva kwalo mcimbi inkosi ishiya wonke umsebenzi emagxa1abeni kaNdunankuluwesizwe, ihambe iyoziphumulelaKungalesi sikhathi lapho uNdunankulu esetholaithuba lokuyala amabutho ewatshela ukuthi engalokothi ahlangane nesifazanengenkathi esabhekene nalo mshikashika ayoze ababone uma esephumeemadlangaleni.Bayochazelwa ukuthi uma bedlule 10 myalo izintelezi abagezwengazo ziyakufekela basa1e eukundleni uma isibambene. Inhlonipho iyaqhakambiswa,ukuthi abahloniphe omncane nomda1a, isizwe, izinduna nezinduna zempi.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:344) lapho ethi:Inkosi isizoshingila ishiye inkundla, kusa1e kulawulaindunankulu. Iyona ezoyala leli butho elisha ukubalizihloniphe, lizile isifazane, lihla1e emadlangaleni kuzekwedlule isikhathi sokuhlanza ngentelezi yempi.Lokhu kuphindwe kwesekelwe uMasondo, (1940:34) lapho ethi:Lapha kwomkhulu miningi imiyalo amabutho ayalwa ngayongamadoda amadala Yonke le miyalo babeyalwa ngayobesesibayeni sakwomkhulu, njengokuthi abahlonipheabakhulu kunabo honke abantu abada1a, bangaboniabantwana babantu. Futhi babeyalwa nangokuxabana, ukuthibangaxabani, bayihloniphe imizi yawoyise, nokungaphindisiuma eshaywa ngumuntu omdala ongangoyise.Emva kokuwayala amabutho isizowatshela ukuthi azikhethele induna nokubatshelanokuthi inkosi ibasikise amahawu anjani.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi yilelonalelo butho linehawu lalo elingefani nelelinye.Yilokho kungefani okwenzaamabutho kube lula ukuwahlukanisa futhi ngenxa yokuhloniphana, izinsizwaziyakugwema ukubizana ngamagama kodwa zithanda ukubizana ngebutho abakulo.130

KuveIa elomhlathi ensizweni uma izwa enye iyisika ngebutho ngoba Iokho kuvezaukuthi useyindoda, usedIuIe ebunzimeni obukhuIu kodwa waphumelelaUndunankuIu ngenkathi eyaIa amabutho akakhohIwa ukuwakhumbuza ukuthi yiniumsebenzi wamabutho.Uyabachazela ukuthi inhIosonqangi yokubuthwa ukutholaabantu abazovikela inkosi.Ngakho-ke inkosi ingababiza noma yinini ngakho-keabohIaIe belindile ukubizwa inkosi uma isibadinga. UMsimang, (1975:344)uyakweseka Iokhu Iapho ethi:Induna yayiqhubeka ukuyaIa amabutho iwatshele ukuba ahIaIeelindile ukubizwa yinkosi azolwela isizwe, asivikele laphosihIaselwe iziilia Emva kokuyaIwa sekuzoqhubeka ukubongaamakhosi nokugiya. Sekuzophuzwa utshwaIa besekuchithekwa Irubuyelwa emadlangaIeni.Emva komcimbi wosuku izinsizwa ziyadedelwa ukuthi zizibusise.Ziyagiya, zisinekuqhathwane. KungaIesi sikhathi lapho izinsizwa zithola khona izibongo, zibongelwaontanga, imvamisa abavela sigodini sinye nayo. Noma inkosi isingasekhoukuthameIa umcimbi kodwa izinduna zisuke zikhona ukuba yiliso Ienkosi. lzinsizwaezihIabanayo ngobuqhawe inkosi iyazithanda futhi ayigcini ngokuzithanda, iyayeiziklomelise ngokuzixoshisa ngezinkomo ezithile.Lokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu,(1965:17) Iapho uShiyabantu umfo kaNyambose ebamba inkunzi esesele yedwakanje:Bonke abantu ababekhona komkhuIu abawuhIanganisangaumIomo bebabaza isibindi sami solrusukela isiIwaneesigadalaJa kaIuIa nje. Izinduna zakunokondisa Iokho.Kwaba sengathi kwakukhona eyayizongixoshisa khonainkosi ngesibindi sami sobuqhawe engangisibonakalisile.Ngaba yindaba egudwini. Inkosi yangibuza ukuthingingubani, ngizaIwa ubani. NgayitsheIa ukuthi13\

nginguShiyabantu; ngizalwa uNosiziIa kaMbobozehluzowakwaNyambose. Inkosi yayimazi ubaba ngobakwakunguntanga yathi:'Wena ungokaNosizila ngokusiziIaamadoda nabafazi;Abasingise enhla nasenzansi.Usanda sithebeni njengensonyama!Wo-o-o! Mfana uyihlo ngiyamazi, uyiqhawe ufuze ikhehlaelinguyihlomkhulu uMbobozehluzo -lngungumbane emev' azinsansa,Usikhumba sehlula abashuki;Umgwazi kaTikoloshe aziqhaqhele;Ingani abanye bayaqhaqhelwaNgiyabona mfana nawe uzofuza bona oyihlo.Amazwi enkosi angithokozisa, angigunyaza ukuba ngenzeizimanga zobuqhawe ukuze inkosi ingenze ngibe yintoethile.lzibongo lezi yizona eziyincwadi yomfana ngoba ukuhlabana kwakhe kuvela khonaezibongweni. Abathola izibongo yilabo abahlabanayo. Lokhu uyakweseka umfokaKrige, (1950:113) lapho ethi:Every member of a regiment, however, accumulates his ownspecial praises, which are added to from time 10 time in his lifeas he distinguishes himself. During the buthwa period theboys are closely watched and will be given praises for anyboldness or courage displayed. Every member does not getpraises at this time - only those who distinguish themselves inthe hunts and fights of this period. The praises given willalways serve 10 bring back to memory whatever deed ofcourage they were given for. These praises are sung by eachindividual himself, but more usually by others present when hegiya's.Vlrubuthwa lokhu kunikeza umuntu igunya lokugiya ernphakathini. Insizwaengazange ibuthwe ayilokothi igiye emphakathini ngoba ithathwa njengomfanaNoma insizwa igiya ayigiyi ngezibongo zenye insizwa ngoba lokho kungadala132

uthuthuva futhi insizwa ayigiyi uma enye ingakahlali phansi ngoba lokho kungadalaingxabano ngoba kukhombisa indelelo. UKrige, (1950:114) uyakweseka lokhu laphoethi:There is, however great importance to the order of giya'ingwhen regiments are gathered together (say, at a wedding).No one dare giya before a well-known brave who hasrendered conspicuous service in many wars. To begin togiya before he has finished will be risking a fight - hence thegiya'ing time is very often the beginning of a fight. When aprominent member of a regiment giya's, his mates alwayswait until he sits down; if one of them jumps in, he will berisking a fight in the ring. Thus for a party to giya is to defythe opposite party to giya before it has sat down. In a word,the strongest giya's first. Before two sides meet for a fight,jeering, shouting, and giya'ing have first to be done to arousthe fighint blood ofthe men concerned.Ngakusasa uknsa kuzokwaziwa yizo izinsizwa sezivuke1a ukuyophalaza.Yileyonaleyo nsizwa iphatha ukhamba lwayo, ifike yethelwe umuthi wokuphalaza inyangayempi bese iyaphalaza kude ngaphandle komuzi.Ngenxa yobuningi bamabuthoumuthi uthakwa embizeni enkulu ukuze athole wonke amabutho.Emva kwalokhobachelwa ngentelezi encinzayo ukuze nabo babe wudlambedlu uma isibambene futhibehlale belangazelela impi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:344) lapho ethi:Emva kokuhlanza sekuzogezwa ngawo futhi 10 muthisekususwa intelezi yempi ebebechelwa ngayo. Phelainamandla esabekayo futhi iyaluma kangangoba abanyebabeze bavele amadunguza bezenwaya lbaba nje yenzelaukuba bebebukhali bafune impi. Yilokho okwakwenzabaphile impilo yobudlova ngesikhathi bekoMkhulu.Emva kwalo mshikasbika inkosi ibisikhetha izinkomo ezikhuluphele emhlambiniwazo inike amabutho nkuthi abazitike.Inyama yalezi zinkomo ayithakwa namithi133

ngoba eyokubusa sekubongwa. Ayifani naleyo yenkunzi yemibengo ethakwa nemithienzima yempi nebabayo.Isikhatbi sokubutbwa siqagulwa inkosi wna isiyanelisiwe ukuthi arnabuthoaselolongwe ngokwanele ukuthi angasivikela isizwe sayo.Imvarnisa lolu qeqeshoalubi ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Amanye amabutho ziyobaisishiyagalombili. Lokhu kufakazelwa uKrige, (1950:112) lapho ethi.In the old days the "buthwa" lasted about six months ormore but its duration depends wholly on the King's willwhich no one has any right to question.Incazelo engenhla yomfo kaKrige ithanda ukuphaphalaza ngoba uchaza sengathi 10mkhuba wokubutbwa awusenziwa ngoba usebenzisa igama elithi "old days" elichazaukuthi "ezikhatbini zakudala" eJrubeni nanamuhla ezindaweni ezithile lisenziwa lelisiko ngempumelelo nangesasasa.Leli siko imvamisa lenziwa ebusika amasimu esevuniwe, ukudla kuyinala ukugwemaukuthi amabutho abulawe yinkemane.Amanye amabutho afika alime aze avuneehlezi khona komkhulu.Ngelanga lokngcina, sekuphothulwa kwenziwa umkhosi omkhulu ziwe, ziwileizinkomo.Kufanele kukbumbuleke ukuthi imfuyo komkhulu ihlale iyinala ngobaisizwe sihlale sihlale sihambise imfuyo komkhulu ukuyokhonza. Ngakho-ke ukwenzaumcimbi walolu hlobo akuyona inkinga enkosini.Amabutho akleliswa ngononinangaieli langa eholwa induna yawo. Inkosi yona ihlala maphakathi nendawonezinduna zayo.Amabutho afike eze ngolculandelana, afike ame kanyekanye134

apbakamise izandIa akhuleke kanyekanye athi "Bayede! UyiZulu!". KungaIeyonkathi lapho uNdunankulu wenkosi ezonika induna yebutho lelo imikhontonamabawu emabuthweni. Ekugcineni induna ithola elayo ihawu elithe xaxangobukhulu futhi elihlobahlobile kunelamabutho.Kuyadliwa kugiywe emva kwaIomcimbi bese amabutho ebuyela emadlangaIeni.NgaIrusasa amabutho abuyela emakhaya kodwa ngaphambi kokufika emakhaya adlulaenduneni enkulu yesigodi lapho afika khona afinye ngendololwane. Nakhona laphainduna iyawahlabisa amabutho ayo, kugiywe, kuhutshwe bese amabutho eshiyaizikbali zawo ayozithatha mhlazane kunempi noma amabutho ebizwe komkhulungoba amabutho awalokothi ahambe evathazela Iruhle kwamanina komkhulu, ahambaephethe izikhali.Futhi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi inkosi iwazi ngamahawueyawasikela wona amabutho, alikho ibutho elingavike1a isizwe lingaziphethe izikhaIi.Inhloso yokudlula enduneni wukuyihlonipha ngeqhaza elibambile ngenkathiamabhungu nezinsizwa kubuthwa futhi izinduna ziyiso lenkosi ngakho nazoziyawuthokozela 10 mcimbi.Emva kokudlula emzini wenduna yesigodi amabutho asuke esebhekise amabomboemakhayaEkufikeni emakhaya bazofika imbiza isizwiwa ngothi ngoba uyisewensizwa noma ibhungu elibuthwayo uwisa imbuzi, uma kungumnumzaneongmnacaphunakusale inkomo nayo iyawa Inhloso yaIo mcimbi ukubongaabangasekho ukuthi bakwazile ukusingatha umntanabo ngenkathi ebhekenenomsbikasbika wokubuthwa ngoba kuyenzeka abanye bengabuyi basale khonakomkhullLAbanye kuyenzeka ishoba lila1e amazolo ngenkathi beqhathwa, abanye135

alinyazwe inkunzi ngenkathi bemma ukuyibuIala.Lokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu,(1965:16) lapho ebalisa ngokusinda kwakhe emveni kokubambana nenkunzi ethi:Kwase k:useduze ngishayeke phansi. Ngezwa izwi lithi:'Yehheni wemavaka! Inkosi kanti ibiklezisa umfo kaNosizilayedwa yini na? Nambukela nje! Nenzani Dlambedlu?'Kulapho-ke bayithelekela bonke bayibamba nangezimpondo• wena owabona amatsheketshe ebunganyele intethe. Ngalenkathi yaseyikhathele inkunzi, nokho ababili bafela khonaesibayeni. Kwathi abambalwa bathola amanxeba nemigaemibi. Mina-ke yathi ithi dindilizi phansi ngase ngithe jalaphaya, sengifikelwe iziyiyane.Ngenxa yalesi simo kubalulekile ulruthi izinyanya zibongwe ngeqhaza elikhuluezilibambile ngesikhathi salo mcimbi.Kulo mcimbi kuba khona amalunga endawoebutho lakhe. Kuyaye kuhlelwe kahle ngenkathi sekubuywa ulruthi umcimbiwokubonga uzoqala kwabani, kulandele okabani ukuze kungabibikho ukungqubuzanakwayo.Kuyadliwa, kuphuzwe notshwala obunye obulethwe ngomakhelwane emvakwalokho kuvalwa umgido ngokugiya lapho ontanga beqephuzana ngezibongoabazithole khona ekubuthweni.Emveni kokubuthwa izinsizwa zisuke sezisalelwe umshikashika wokuganwa. Nomangabe insizwa isikuphokophele kangakanani ukuganwa, ayiIokothi nangengoziikwenze lokho ingazange ithole imvume enkosini.Leyo mvume evela enkosiniibizwa ngokuthiwa ulrujutshwa.Ngakho-ke ukuganwa kuthatha isikhathi esidanangoba izinsizwa nezintombi zisuke zisemseni wenkosi.lzintombi nazo ziyayezijutshwe yiyo inkosi izitshele ukuthi zizogana liphi ibutho. Noma ngabe lelo butholilidala kangakanani azilokothi zilifele pbansi elenkosi.Noma ngabe kungenzekakukhona intombi esiqome umshoshaphansi ngaphandle kwemvume yenkosi, lowo136

maqondana usa1a phansi, kuchume elenkosi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uKrige, (1950: 119)lapho ethi:In the days of the Zulu military system, no man could getmarried until the king had ordered his regiment to put on thehead-ring, and as a result marriage came to be long deferred,for the Zulu kings did not like married warriors. When aregiment was ordered to marry, all the marriageable girls thathad accumulated since the previous order had been given,were formed into a regiment and told off to khehla and marryinto that group ofmen. Very often many ofthese girls alreadyhad sweethearts among the boys of their own intanga, butthese they had to reject in order to marry the older regiment.Emlandweni waKwaZulu sinye vo isigameko lapho izwi lenkosi lake laphikiswakhonaOkuthusayo ukuthi leso sigameko senziwa abantu besifazane, izintombizeNgcugce.Lezi zintombi zajutshelwa ukuba zigane amabutho uDlokwe kanyenoNdIondIo. La rnabutho ayethe ukukhula kunalezi zintombi. lzintombi zakhonondazathi ucu alulingani ngoba zifuna ukugana ontanga, ezinye kuthiwa zaseziveleseziqornile.Kwabe ziyinyathele emsileni iNkosi uCetshwayo ngoba yakhipha izwilokuthi aziyiswe kwagoqanyawo lezo zintombi ngoba zazikhombise enkulu indelelofuthi ngaphezu kwalokho kuphinde adeleIwe yisirname. Lokhu kufakazelwauDhlomo, (1952:26) lapho ethi:lnkosi uMpande ugoduka-nje uDlokwe neNdlondIoasazihlalele-nje kawakajutshwa. Into yokuqala-ke eyenziwanguCetshwayo ukujubela la rnabutho ukuba aganwe.Wajubela izintombi zeNgcugce, ibutho eleIama iSitimane.Kwenzeka umhlola ongazange wenzeke kwaZulu ukubaibutho lezintombi lidelele izwi lenkosi. Kuthiwa uthandophela kaluncengi zinkobe zamuntu uma sekukubi. Zenqabaizintombi ezinye zayolala endIe zibaleka. Kukuwo-kelowonyaka ka-1876 lapho kwenzeka leyo ndaba embi. Kwathingoba uCetshwayo eyiNkosi ebuse izwe waphaka amabutho137

ukuba ayozifuna izintombi 1ezo emlZlDl yawoyise, ziganengenkani, ezingavumi zibulawe.Le ndaba inkulu kakhulu kwazise njengoba bese sishilo yasusaolubi utbuli eNatali kwathiwa uCetshwayo ulibulele izwe.Uziqede nya izintombi zakwaZulu. Kepha iningi 1alaOOababezizwa ngezindlebe ezivulekileyo ngempela lezi zindababathi izintombi ezafayo isibili kazeqanga nempela njeeshumini. Ezinye zabaleka ebusuku zaziganisa kulaboezibathandayo; ezinye zaziphonsa kuwo amabutho lawo ezabeziwala Zathi okungenani yikho lokhu okungconokunokushiya amabe1e emnandi kangaka KwaZuluokuyikhona kwethusa izwe kakusikhona ukubulawa kwalezozintombi eziyingcosane; okwethusa yikho lokho ukubakubekhona izintombi ezingedelela izwi leNkosi yakwaZulu.3.1 UbudibiIsikhathi sokubutbwa isikhathi lapho kumatasatasa khona kakhulu komkhulu.Ngenxa yalesi simo izinsizwa ezizobuthwa kanye namabutho amadala azobambaiqhaza kulo mcimbi akakwazi ukugcina yonke imisebenzi okufanele ngabe bazenzelayona, ngakho haze bafike nabantu abazobasiza.Labo bantu babizwa ngokuthiizindibi. UNyembezi, (1992:17) uchaza kanjena udibi:Umfana othwalela insizwa noma ibutho izimpahla uma kuyohlaselwa.USo1wazi uMaphalala ephephandabeni Ilanga, Ntulikazi, 10-12 ubeka kanjenangalokhu:lzindibi okungabafana abangakathombi, zazikhethwa ukuzezilale laphaya esibayeni lapho kuhlatshelwe khona inkunziemnyama Kodwa kwakungadingekile zichame ubusukuhonke ngenkathi zile1e 1apha futhi kwakukhona abaqaphayoukutbi konke kuhamba ngesiko.138

Kwakudingeke ulruba zingalokothi zihambe ebudenibobusulru, kodwa zize zihambe elruseni ngenkathisezikhululwa Phela laba bafana abayizindibi babethathwanjengabantu abasemsulwa ngokuthi babengakahlanganinabantu besifazane. Ukuthi bangachami kwakugcizelela isimosokuzila ngobunzima okwalruzobhekwana nabo.Lo msebenzi wenziwa abafana asebeqinaqinile ngoba eminye yemisebenzi idingaizikhwepha njengokukha amanzi, ulrutheza izinlruni; ulruthwala amacansi nezigqiki.Isuke igcagcele esokeni ebafaneni abasuke bekhethelwe ukwenza 10 msebenzi ngobaufiswa uwonkewonke. Yingakho laba bafana bezigqaja ngokwenza 10 msebenzi futhiubahlanganisa nabantu abaqavile nababalulekile.Lokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu,(1965:32) lapho eveza uShiyabantu engamathe nolimi noKunene umnumzaneweSwazi ebeka kanje:Kwathi ngelinye ilanga ngikhona ekhaya ngangingahambilenomnllmzane njengoba ngangivamise ukuhamba naye umakuyiwa kornkhulu ngiwudibi Iwakhe, noma ehambelakwabanye abanumzane.Umsebenzi ornkhulu ngesikhathi sokubuthwa ukuba umxhumanisi phakathikomphakathi ongaphandle kanye nalabo abasuke bebuthwa Amabuthoawavumelekile nangengozi ukuxbllmana nalo mphakatbi ikakhuIukazi abesimamengoba kukholelwa ukuthi izintelezi abazisebenzisa lapha ekubuthweni zingafekelaIzindibi yizona ezilanda ukudla olrusuke kulethwa ngomama kornkhulu ngenkathikubuthwa Abesimame bagcina ngaphandle kothango nokuyilapho behIangana khonanezindIoi futhi yizona izindibi ezosela amabutho inyamaLokhu kufakazelwauMasondo, (1940:34) Iapho ethi:Lapha embuthweni kukhona udibi, udibi lolu ngabafanaabathwalayo, bathwala izimpahIa ikakhulu zawoyise,139

isigqiki, amacansi, isigubhu, igudu nezintshumo, izambathonokunye asuk:a uyise efuna ulrukusebenzisa. Bona balalakwawabo amadlangala, bangabi ndawonye nawoyise.Kwabekuthi nxa abesifazane beletha ukudla kwomkhulu, umakukhona amabutho, bakubeke kude bangasondeli eduze, udibibeselukulanda kuleyondawo. Abesifazane babengafunekinempela, noneso ngasesigodlweni ubeyiswa kwagoqanyawo,uma ekewabonwa ukuthi uneso ngakhonaOkunye okufuneka kukhumbuleke ukuthi izindibi azilokothi zihlale namabuthoemadlangaleni azo.Zihlala kwawazo amadlangala aqhe1aqhelile kwawamabutho.Inhloso yalokhu ngukuzikhipha inyumbazane izindibi ukuze zibone ukuthi zilaphanjena ngengxaphephe; ithuba lazo aJikafiki. ZiyahIushwa ziphathwe kabanangamabutho. Kwenye inkathi inhloso kusuke kungekhona ukucwasa kodwakungukuziqinisa izindibi lezi. UKrige, (I950:11-12) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:The women carrying this food place it at some distance awayfrom the "amadlangala" and the carriers (udibi) fetch foodfrom there. These carriers also do all the roosting ofthe meat.They occupy a few ofthe amadlangala set apart for them andare treated rather harshly (bahIakanishiswe) because they areservants. They eat alone and are a group.Noma izindibi zibukelwa phansi, ziyathanda nazoukuba sematheni ngokuthizihlabane. Kuyenzeka insizwa izithole isibhuquza phansi, isishaywe udibi. Ezinyeizindibi zinalo ulwazi lokulwa ngoba zisuke kade zazibamba namabuthoamnkantshabomvu eziqeqesha noma zibone okwenziwayo.Imvarnisa izindibikuyenzeka zihIabane uma kusempini.Kuyenzeka kuthi uma ibambene nodibiselubona isimo, luzithole selupbakatbi empini.Kuyenzeka lokho kubamba kwaloiqhaza empini kuluholele ekuhlabaneni bese luthola udumo.Lokhu kufakazelwauMasondo, (1940:34) lapho ethi:140

Abafana laba, udibi, babeyizisebenzi zawoyise-njebebakhe1ela amaDzj ngezigubhu, babagayele urna kufuneka.Amaqhawe nakubo abebonakala, ikakhulu uma kuyimpi,ngoba nodibi oluthukuthelayo lwabeluhlabana, khonaluthwala.Ubudibi buyigxathu elibalulekile empilweni yokukhula komfana.Yilapho umfanaevuleka amehlo ngokubona umhlaba. Ufunda izinto eziningi njengokwaziimikhutshana ephathelene nokubuthwa, imithetho nemikhutshana ephathe1enenokuphakwa kwempi nemicimbi eminingi ehanje1wa abanumzane ngoba abasalilapho kuphuma abannmzane. UBryant, (1949:497) uyakufakazela lokhu lapho ethi:We have already in a preceding chapter outlined the first partof boy's debut into public life - how at about the age of 14years, he blossomed forth into udibi (or luggage carrier). lIDswas really the commencement ofhis public career, for now hefirst left home, to serve the general community and the state.He remained with the private family where his father may hadplaced him "to carry" (ukutwala) usually until the attainmentof puberty, when he might return home. The boys werealways very proud ofthis new advancement in life, the ubudibi(or carriership). They already feel they were growing "men"and it was common question put to youths in after life "WatwaleI' ubani?" (For whom did you carry) and they fanciedthemselves radiant with some of the reflected glory, if theycould reply with the name ofsome great men.141

ISAHLUKO SESINE4.0 UKUQEQESHWAKWASEKHAYA4.1 IsingenisoUqeqesho lomfana alugcini kuphela endle ngenkathi esekwaluseni kepha nasekhayaminingana imisebenzana ayenzayo nemkhulisayo ngokwengqondo nangokomzimbaEminye imisebenzi isuke isenokuhlobana naleyo nemfuyo njengokusenga, ulmh1inza,ukudibha nokubophelaEminye imisebenzi ikhulisa umfana imenze akhaliphe abeyindoda eqotho. KwelikaMthaniya usuke ungendoda yalutho uma ungakwazi ukusikaibheshu, wakhe isibaya nokugawula izintingo, ubambe iqhaza ekwakheni umuziuqobo. Kuleli gxathu sizogxila kule misebenzana ephathelene noqeqesholwasekhaya4.2 UkusengaEsinye isigaba esisemqoka esiqondene nokukhula komfana, ukufundiswa ukusengaEmpeleni kungashiwo nje ukuthi abafana bafundiswa ukusenga kodwa bayebazifundele bona ngokubuka beqaphela okwenziwa abanewabo.Abafana abalindikuze kudedelwe amankonyane kepha bavamise ukuguda izinsengwakazi ezingenaloulaka ekwaluseni. Ukuguda lokhu ukusenga inkomazi ubisi lungakehliswa inkonyaneingekho.Abakhapheyana abaningi bafunda lapha ukusenga bekususela ekuklezeni.Ukukleza ukusengela emlonyeni okuvamise ukwenziwa ngabafana142

Lokhu kufakazelwa uNyembezi noNxumalo, (l966:44) uma bechaza ukusenga bethi:Nawo 10 msebenzi umiselwe abesilisa ngaphandle-ke umaekhaya bengekho abafana Lapho-ke kusenganamantombazane. Ukusenga kunomthetho wakho, kusengwaizinkomo zendlunkulu kuqala, kusengelwa emathungeniahlukene.Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ngokosiko lwesintu imbuzi ayilokothwa isengwe.Kuyichilo elingechazeke ukusengwa kwembuzi ngoba kwamibelana yayo ithambile.Noma kunjalo zisekhona izindawo eziwenzayo 10 mkhuba zize ziphuze ngisho nobisilwazo imbala. Abafanyana kwelikaMthaniya bangabanye balezi zigilamkhuba ngobanabo bayazisenga benzela ukufunda ikhono lokusenga, hhayi ngenh1oso yokufunaubisi. Eqinisweni ukusenga umsebenzi wabafana Kusuke kuyisimo esinzimanesibucayi uma sekusenga amantombazana.Kungakho nje isiZulu size sithi:Seziyosengwa yint.hikizana noma seziyosengwa yinkehli.Lokho kukodwa kuchazaukuthi izinkomo zomnUm7ane azilokothwa zisengwe owesibhuda uma izinto zihambangosiko.Ukusenga lokhu akumane kuthathelwe phezulu. Kwenziwa amalungiselelokusenesikhashana ngoba ziningana izinto ezidingekayo. Nazi izinto eziqoqwayo umakulungiselelwa 10 m.hikashika. Amathunga, izinkamba, amagula, iziphandolonezintambo. Lokhu kwenziwa abafana kubhekwa ukukhula kwabo kusukela komdalakuze kuyoshaya komncane. Yilowo nalowo uphatha lokho okusemandleni akhe.Ngaphandle kwezinto ezidingekayo uma kusengwa kuphinde kubekhona imigomoelandelwayo uma kusengwaOwokuqala ukuthi izinkomo azisengwa noma yinini,143

zisengwa ngenhIazane.Lokhu kwesekelwa uMsimang, (1975:90) lapho echazaizikhathi zosuku kanje:Ngesikhathi sika-5 sekukhaIa izinkukhu zokugcina,sekuzontwela ezansi kushone ikhwezi bese zehIa izinkukhu.Emva kwaIokho liyaphuma ilanga, ngesilungu u-6.Kuzothi ngo-7 kuphume izinkomo okhokho bebethi intoeyenzeke ngo-7 yenzeke ziphuma inhIazane. Eyenzekengo-ll sezibuya zizosengwa bebethi yenzeke eminiyasekuseni noma sezibuya inhIazane.Lokhu kuphinde kufakazelwe uMasondo, (1940:9) lapho ethi:Phakathi komuzi bonke abantu banemisebenzi yaboeqondene nabo. Abafana abakhuIu baIusa izinkomo bavukeekuseni zaIake inhIazane zize zibuye sezizosengwa nxailanga lithi ukuphakama impela Abancane baIusa amatholebaqaphele namathunga abazwe ngomuthi okuyiwonaokusengelwa kuwo, nemichilo yokuzibopha izinkomo nxazisengwa kanye nezifaso (iziphandolo).Kuyenzeka-ke inkomo isengwe noma ngasiphi isikhathi.Lokhu kwenzeka umakukhona isimo esithile okufanele kubhekwane naso. Uma kukhona osedIe wagwinyaubuthi, kuyaye kudingakaIe ubisi, axakwe ngaIo ukuze ubuthi budambe. Ngaphandlekokuthi lubaIuIekile ekudliweni, luphinde lube neminye imisebenzana ngoba ngishonowesimame uma encelisa, ayilokothi imthinte inyoka ngoba ziyaIuhIonipha ubisi.Ukuthi ubisi luthakwe nayiphi intelezi lena edambisa izinyoka, lokhu akwaziwamuntu, kuyimfihIo kaMvelinqangi engambuIelwe noma ubani.Okunye okufanele kukhumbuIeke ukuthi akusengwa noma iyiphi inkomo kodwakusengwa inkomazi encelisayo ukuze kutholakaIe ubisi.Uma inkomazi ingancelisi,aIuphumi ubisi obmgadliwa, kuphuma ingcosana nje futhi engamanzi, engashubile144

njengobisi IwempelaNgakho-ke usuke uzikhohlisa nje uma usenga inkomoengancelisi noma ubhozomele inkomo emithiyo.Yingakho kwaze kwavela nesishoesithi: "Ukusenga ezimithiyo", lokhu okusho ukuthi umuntu ukhuluma iphutha nomauhubhuza ilumho ngoba nasenkomeni emithiyo ngeke walubona ubisi.Uma kusengwa akuqalwa noma ngayiphi inkomo kodwa kusengwa ezasendlunkulukuqalaKuye ngokulandelana kwezindlu kuze ezeqadi ngoba ingumalokazanewasendlunkulu. Kulandele ikhohlo kugcine ezesokanqangi nezamabibi.Isizathusalokho kuwukuhlonipha amazinga emizi ukuze kungaqubuki ingxabano ngoba umakwakungenjalo, honke babezofuna kuqale ezabo izinkomazi bese kugcinasekunothuthuvaUNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:44) bayakufakazela lokhu laphobethi:Ukusenga kunomthetho wakho, kusengwa izinkomozendlunkulu kuqala, kusengelwa emathungeni ehlukene.Lokhu kuphinde kwesekelwe uMasondo, (1940:9) lapho ethi:Ngale nkathi ukudla sekulungile ezindlini ngoba awathululwaamasi emaguleni kungakasengwa, kulindwa izinkomo andubaamasi athululwe adliwe. Futhi nxa abafana besenga, abasengiuma zingakaqali ukusengwa ezasendlunkulu, bangajeza umabeqala ngezezindlu ezincane. Lokhu phela kuhonakalisainhlonipho nobukhulu basendlunkulu.Uma kusengwa kuYe kubhekwe ukuthi ubani osengelwayo njengokuthi abanllmzanebavamise ukuqungelwa ihongo.Uma kuqungwa ihongo, kuye kuthathwe umlazakusengelwe phezu kwawo bese kuqubuka izaqheqhe zibheke phezulu.UNyembezi,(1992:200) ulichaza kanje ihongo:145

Ihongo amangqanga akhushulwa ubisi emlazeni, nomallmJaza osengeIwe ubisi.Ihongo liyaphuzwa yinoma ubani kepha abafana nabantwana balapha ekhaya.Umnuzane uvutsheIwa amasi ezaqheqhe zegula Iakhe okuvamise ukuba ngawenkoIDoesincelisa ithoIe ngoba asemnandi futhi anamafutha awafani nawamankonyane.UmnllmZane udla amasi ethoIe ngoba awekhethelo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi uma esedlileokhambeni bese eshiyela abantwana bamadodakazi, okungabazukulu bakheabavakashile noma abahlala koninalume. Laba bantwana bayizitatanyiswa,bayathandwa kakhulu, baphathwa kahle yingakho nje bayaye bashiyelwe lolu hlobooIuphambili Iwamasi. Okubalulekile ukuthi Iowo noma labo abashiyeIwengumn"IDvme okhambeni Iwakhe, abadli ngokhezo lwakhe. Bayaluqoqabaludidiyele ngesampontshi, balukhweze ethala Bona badla ngezandla zabo, bakhengesinye, bathele kwesinye beyima befaka emlonyeni.lsandla abakha ngasookhambeni abasikhothi ngolimiJngamathe ngoba basazokukha ngaso futhi.Isimo sezulu yisona esenza kuqokwe indawo ethize okuzosengelwa kuyo ngalelolanga Uma kukuhle nje, izulu licwathile, kungekho daka esibayeni, kuye kusengelwekhona njengokujwayelekile. Uma kunodaka kuye kuqokwe enye indawo engaphandlekwesibaya kusengelwe kuyo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMasondo, (1940:9) lapho ethi:Uma izulu lina izinkomo zisengelwa enkundleni ngaphandlekwesibaya lapho lungekho khona udaka oluningj. Inkomoefihlayo iyasilekwa ngobulongwe emibeIeni kwenzelwa ukubainkonyane inganceli, ize isengwe ntambama146

Isikhathi esiningi kusengelwa khona esibayeni ngoba okhokho asebalala bafunaukuzibona, bazizwe zisengwa lapha ethempelini loMdabu.Izinsengwakazi zehlukene, kukhona eziboshwayo uma ZlZOsengwa, kubekhonaezingaboshwa, ezimane ziqhutshwe ziye endaweni lapho kusengwa khona zifikezithithibale. Kokunye umfana uthi ngqongqongqongqo, eyenwaya ukuze ithobe beseeyisanga Uma inkomazi inolaka, ingafuni ukuthambela umthetho iboshelwa intamboekhanda bese iboshelwa esibondeni simbe esiqinile, sambelwa kahle endaweni enhleokuthiwa yipani. Lesi senzo sibizwa ngokuthi ukuyigaxa Iphinde iboshwenamanqina angemuva Lokhu kuboshwa kwenkomo kuda1elwa nawukuvathela kwayoikhaba lowo osuke ebambe intambo ngemuva Inkomo ayikwazi ukukhabaoyisengayo. UNyembezi, (1983:27) uveza uShaka njengenkomo eyisimangaliso umaethi:Umasengomahie, inkonyana yenkomo,Kwangixak' ukukhaba kwale nkomo,Yakhab' osengayo, yadeJ' umbambi.Uma inkomazi isikulunge1e ukusengwa, umsengi uyaye acele abafanyana ukubabanike1e inkonyane. UNene, (2003) ukuchaza kanje ukunike1a:Ukudedela inkonyane ukuba iyoncela kunina Inhloso yalokhokungekhona ukuncela ngempela ngoba kufanele yesuthekodwa kungukuthambisa imibele ukuze inkomazi yehlisekahle.Lokhu kuphindwe kusekelwe uMasondo, (1940:9) lapho ethi:141

Uma isizosengwa inkomo umfana unikela inkonyane eyibizangebizo layo iphume esibayeni sawo iqonda kunina ifikeincele. Ithi ingehlisa inkomo abeseyishaya emanqineniumfana eyisusa athi osengayo ithunga alibambe ngamadoloasenge nxa eseyifasile, luthi lunganqamuka ubisi aphumengaphansi kwayo ibuye incele inkonyane. Ithi ingehlisa futhiangene ayisenge eseyiphinda umphehlu, zonke zisengwakanjalo.Kuliqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi inkonyane iyadedelwa ukuba iyoncela ulruzeithambise imibele ngaphambi kokuba inkomazi isengwe.Kodwa okaNyamboseuthanda ukushaya eceleni uma ethi ngenkathi inkonyane inikelwa ibizwa ngegama.Amankonyane awanawo amagama, abafana bawazi njengoba bezazi ukuthi azalwaiyiphi inkomazi. Okwesibili aphaphalaza ngakho uMasondo ukuthi zonkeizinkomazi uma zisengwa ziphindwa umphehlu. Lokhu kuliphutha ngoba umphehluuphindwa kulezo ezisuke zilufihlile ubisi zi:fih1ele amanklJnyane. Lokho kwenzelwaukuthi angatholi ubisi oluningi ebese ezithola esehuda kwenye inkathi agcine esefileebulawa uhisi.Uma isinikelwe inkonyane iye iyekwe incele kuze kube yisikhathi lapho inkomaziseyeh1isile, lokhu kubonaka1a ngokuba inkonyane ikhihlize amagwebu bese umfanaetshelwa osengayo ukuthi akayisuse.Imimvemve yona ibanjwa ngenqina kumiwenayo eceleni.Akukuh1e futhi akuthandeki ukuguda inkomazi ngoba isuke yephuzeukwehlisa futhi izwa nobuhlungu.Kungumsebenzi womfana futhi ukuthi abenesiqiniseko sokuthi inkonyane ayimphazamisi osengayo aze aphinde amtshele ukuthiakayidedele futhi. Uma inkomazi isithanda ukugodla ingasehlisi, inkonyaneiyadedelwa kuze inxenxe unina qede eh1ise futhi bese iphindwa umphehlu.Lomshikashika wokusenga uthi awube umsebenzana ngoba akusengelwa nje noma148

lrusiphi isitsha kodwa zikhethiwe.Ngakho-ke lrufuneka umfana akhaliphe azaziizitsha zokusengaIthunga yisona sitsha esihamba phambili uma lrusengwa Lokhu kwenziwa wukuthiliyakwazi ukuzimela kanti futhi liyabambeka ngamathanga ngenxa yezibambo zalookuthiwa amansumpa Kuyenzeka lingavumi ukuma kable ithunga Yingalesosikhathi lapho umfana ebamba khona iqhaza ngokulibamba Yikho kukhona nesishosesiZulu esithi: "Selidumela emansumpeni", ngenxa yokuthi amansumpa lawa athiawabe ngaphezudlwana kunethunga, okuthi uma ubisi selikuwo, lisuke selidumelaphezu1u, selizogcwalaithunga selizogcwalaNaso-ke lesi saga sichaza ukuthi izinto sezizolunga ngobaLokho kunenjula enkulu ngoba phela amasi nobisi yikhonakudla okukhulu komndeni.Umndeni olrusengwayo kuwona awukhumi nje uphuthulumhlophe kepha ayaluthiba ngamasi nangobisi.KwaZulu lowo mndeni ukhombangophakathi ngoba ubisi namasi ukudla okuphelele nokunonophele futhiokunonophalisayo kuvikele nezifo, kuqinise namathambo ornzimba ngenxa yokuthikuyizakhamzimbaUma kuqungwa ihogo akusetshenziswa ithunga kodwa kusetshenziswa ukhambanoma esinye isitsha esincane esingenza ukuthi ubisi lufike lusenomfutho emlonyeniukuze ludlule luyoshaya phansi esinqeni, kwakheke kable izaqheqhe.Kukhona ubuciko obuthize obuye benziwe umsengi uma engena ngaphansikwenkomo.Umsengi akamane ayibhozomele rYe inkomo, angene noma ngakuluphiuhlangothi. Inkomazi uma izosengwa ingenwa ngasesandleni sokudla Umaesengenile urnsengi, kufanele ayinxenxe kable ukuze iludedele kahle ubisi, ingagodli.149

Lokhu umsengi engakwenza ngokuyinwayanwaya ibele noma kwenye inkathiayibongele ukuze yehlise kahle kokunye ayiIolozele ngokushaya ikhwelaIokuyikhnthazaEmva kwaIokho usengakhuIuIeka asenge kahle.Kuyenzeka kuthi ngenkathi kusengwa inkomo ilugodIe ubisi, ingaIukhiphingokufanele emibeleni.Ngenxa yolwazi anaIo umsengi ngemfuyo yakubo, uyayeakubone lokho ngoba uyasazi isilinganiso esikhishwa yiIeyo naIeyo nkomazi.Umaebhekene nesimo esinjaIo, uyaye aphinde ayisenge leyo nkomazi emveni kokuthikade esededele inkonyane yancela okwesibili. Lesi senzo esinjaIo sibizwangokuthiwa nkuphinda umphehlu.Lokhu kusekelwa uNyembezi, (1992:401) laphoecbaza khona kanje:Umphehlu ukungena inkomo uyisenge okwesibili inkonyaneisike yadedelwa yancela.Emva kokusengwa inkomazi iyadedelwa ukuba iyohlangana nenkonyane. Lesi senzosibizwa ngokuthi ukuyiqaqa.Ngaphambi kokuba hasenge abafana, bakhipha amathunga namagula.Amathungaayaqongqothwa qede kuthelwe amanzi okugeza izandla kulowo ozosenga.Kubesekukhanywa nmlaza emaguleni ukuze kwenziwe ihongo.Umlaza ukhanywangombhotshozelwa ongaphansi eguleni.Emva kwaIokho kucbathekwa izaqheqhengoba akwethelwa phezu kwazo. Kusengwa nje amagula asenhla kwesibaya ukuzekwethiwe ubisi lwaIeyo naIeyo nkomo eguleni elifanele uma iqedwa ukusengwa.Kwethiwa ngethunga kusetshenziswa ikhono lokwetha ngezithupha, kwaze kwavela150

isisho esithi: izithupha ziya eguleni. Lokhu kuchaza ikhono eIinzuJu lokwetha ngazokungachitheki ngisho ithonsi iobisi phansi.Ukusenga lokhu kungabukeka kuwukuhlukumeza inkonyane kanye nensengwakazingokwenkoleIo yesiko laseNtshona1anga eliphathelene nokuphathwa kwezilwane.Iqiniso lithi ukusenga Iokhu kuyayisiza inkonyane ngenye indIeIa ngoba umainkonyane isinceIe ubisi oluningi, iyaye ikhishwe isisu maqedane igule kwesinyeisikhathi igcine ngokuthi ishoba lilale amazolo, ife.Ngakho-ke ukusenga kwenzaukuthi le mpicabadaIa igwemeke kanti futhi ubisi luyayishisa imanzi. Yikho nje izeizisenge.Noma kunjalo Iokho akusho ukuthi umsengi kufanele asenge lonke ubisienkomazini.Kufanele ashiye okungenani umbele owodwa, ashiyele inkonyane.Umsengi owenza 10 mkhuba wolrusenga lonke ubisi kuthiwa ufaka amazipho.Nesisho esithi "ukufaka amazipho" noma "ukushonisa amazipho" saqhamuka kulesisenzo esichaza ukuthi umuntu lmamathele entweni, akafuni ukuyidedelaKantiinkomo iyasilekwa ngobulongwe uma ifihla ukuze inkonyane ingakwazi ukuncelaeminye imibele ukuze ingahudi qede ife.4.3 Ulmhtioza DolmhlahlelaIsizwe samaZulu isizwe esiwagcinayo amasiko aso.Inkolelo yawo eyokuthi impiloyomuntu akaziphathele yona kepha iphethwe izinyanya noma amadIozi. UNyembezinoNxumalo, (1966:99) balichaza kanje isiko:Igama elithi isiko umuntu angalichaza ngokuthilingumkhuba owenziwayo; inqubo eyejwayelekileeIandelwa yisizwe; indIela yempilo eqokothiswe yabanesigqi somthetho - okuthi lapho muntu eyeqa imithetho151

okufane1e ayigcine avelelwe yishwa, yena, noma umndeniwakhe, noma nanaso sonke isizwe sakhe - kuoo kuyangokuthi isimiselo sakhe besisikhulu kangakananiekufezeni lokho oOOkufanele ukwenziwaIsiko lenzelwa izimo ezithile njengokubonga, ukushwe1eza uma wonile kwabaphansi,kanye nokucela inblanhla kokuthile. Uma wenza elinye lala masiko usukeungawulandelanga umgudu kahle uma ungazange uhlabe imhuzi noma inkomo.Ukuhlaha inkomo kudinga ukwenziwa umuntu ongungoti, olaziyo inxeba ngobakungenjalo isikhumba singaba mbobo mbobo uma sithole imfundamakhwelaUKhumalo, (2005) uphawula kanje ngokubulala inkomo:Zimbili izindlela ebulawa ngazo inkomo. Eyokuqalaeyokuyihlaba emfukulweni lapho uboyo buthamOO khonafuthi kunebalana noma ukuyiciba ngomkhonto ngaphansikomkhono ngenkathi ithi iyawuphakamisa. Le ndawoiqondene nenhliziyo ngakho isheshe ife. Ingawa inkomoumhlabi ube eselala phansi. Lokhu kuyinkolelo yokuthi umae1ele phansi nayo izosheshe iphelelwe ngamandla ife.Uma sekuhlatshiwe nakhona inkomo noma imbuzi ayimane ibhozonyelwe njeihlinzwe kepha nayo ilandela imigudu ethile. Uma inkomo isiwile umnumzane uOOesekhetha muntu ozoha yiso lakhe ekungameleni 10 msebenzi aphinde akhethenomhlah1i.Isizathu salokho ukuthi umnumzane wekhaya akavumelekile ukuthiabamOO iqhaza uma kuhlabe yena ngoha lokho kukhombisa ubugovu.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:128) lapho ethi:Ingawa inkomo, abafana seOOkhipha lezi ezinye esibayeni.Umnmnzane usekhetha Iowa ozoha yiso lakhe ekuhlinzeni.Usekhetha futhi indoda enephimbo lokuhlahla nokukhiphaizitho. Laba yibona abazokwengamela umseOOnzi.Amadoda akhethana ngokwethembana UmseOOnzi152

ochithelwa igazi lenkomo, ungobaluleke kakhuluempilweni kaZulll, awukho ongaphezulu kwalowo.lqhaza elibanjwa UIDDumzane ohlabile elokuyatha kuphela leyo nkomo bese ebuyelaendlini.Uma inkomo isifile, abafana bayayiphendula, ilale kable, ibheke phezuluingabheki nangengozi ezansi emveni kokuba sebezikhiphile izinkomo.USibisi,(2003) ukucbaza kanje ukwatha:Ukuh1ahla indlela ezolandelwa abazohlinza ngokuthi kusikweisikhumba sibe umugqa sihambe kuleyo ndawo okufaneleabablinzi bayilandele uma sebehlinza.Isiko lesiZulu alivumi nangengozi ukuthi umuntu athinte ukudla engazange azih1ambeizandla Noma ngabe uligcokama elingakanani kodwa uma llZOthinta ukudla udlulaemanzini.Ngaphandle kwenh1anzeko kwenzelwa nokuthi uma kukhona obephetheamakhathakhatha athile, obubi nawo asale khona emanzini. Kungumsebenziwabafana ukuletha amanzi, nemimmese.Uzothi engahlamba umnwnzane, eyatheinkomo. UMsimang, (1975:128) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Umniniyo usehlamba izandla kolwakhe naye udewu,athathe isinqindi aqale ukuyatha inkOIDO. Uyiqalaobilweni ehle nayo njalo adabule isifuba kabili, ehleleontwini aze ayophuma ezansi, lapho njalo ayofika ashiyekhona isinqindi sakhe aphindele endlini.Uma eyatha uqala ekhanda ehle njalo esibeleni aze ayophuma emkhonweni.UIDDUIDvme eseyihlahlile indlela, sekuzoqala umshikashika wolmblinzaUmaKulelibanga abafana ababambi iqbaza elitheni ngaphandle kokubambela abah1inzi. Yibonafuthi abafana abanikeza abantu abadala amanzi okuhlamba baphinde balolenemimese. Umhlinzi oqokwe umnumzane usezoqala ngaso isifuba maphakathi naso,153

eze ezinkwapheni amuke nayo uthuli esekhuphuka nogalo aze ayofika phansiemanqineni.Isiko lesiZulu alivumi ukuthi amanqina ahlinzwe, ngakho nomhlinziamanqina akawalokothi, kepha aklaywa maphakathi enjalo adliwe ngabafanangakusasaEmva kwa1okho umhlinzi nhlin7JI isikhumba esehlise emanqineni, ayeemikhonweni aze ayoma ngesiphanga nesixhanti. Nasemilenzeni kwenziwangokufanayo aze ayoma ngesinqe. Uma isikhumba sesehlile saba ngaphezukwezimbambo, asibe sisahlinzwa ngemimmese kepha siyagxushwa, sinqindwengezandla noma ngesidunu sembazo ukuze sehle kalula.Lokhu kusiza ekubeniinyama ingasileli esikhumbeni.Abafana bablale bebaningana lapho kuh1inzwa ukuze nabo bafunde futhi bathunywe.NgesiZulu kunokhamba lokuhlaba inkomo.Lolu khamba umnnmzane ulukhiphangesikhathi kuhlinzwa aluse esibayeni ukuze bede beqhabula abahlinzi.Utshwalabuh1a1e buyinala kwelikaMthaniya uma kuwumcimbi wokubusa ngaphandle umakuvele umshophi ekhaya. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:129) lapho ethi:Ngaso lesi sikhathi solmhlinza, umfana usezothunywakumnnmzane eseyocela ukhamba lwabahlinzi. AmaZuluathanda ukuba kusetshenzwe kudliwa, bonke beneme.Munye kuphela umsebenzi osetshenzwa kungabuswangotshwala, lowo-ke isifo nokuphathwa kwaso.Lokhu kuphinde kufakazelwe uKrige, (1950:58) lapho ethi:Apart from its economic value as a food, beer is of greatsocia1 importance. No ceremony is complete unless thereis beer; at weddings, at a11 ceremonies marking thedifferent stages in the life of an individual there must bebeer, and when a man wishes to entertain his friends heinvited them to a beer party. Here the men sit in a circle,154

and it is etiquette for the host first to taste the beer andthen pass itround to the others.Kuyothi kungaqedwa ulmhlinza, mnhlinzi aqale akhiphe izitho namantshontsho.UNyembezi, (1992:271) uwachaza kanje amantshontsho:Amantshontsho amaqashana enyama ebomvu ehambeisikwa lapho kuhlinzwa inkomo, inikwa labo abakadebehlinzaUSibisi, (2003) uphawula kanje ngarnantshontsho:Ngesiko lesiZulu inyama ayidliwa ngosuku okusukekublatshwe ngalo kodwa iyalala ize idliwe ngakusasa isikeyabekwa emsamo yakhothwa izinyanya Ukudla inyamangosuku 1010 kufana nokweba yingakho kwaze kwavelaleli gama elibi kangaka "Iokuntshontsha".Intshontsho lokuqala elikhisbwa mnhlinzi yilelo okuthiwa yikbobalo.ukubamba umlilo ngoba ngokosiko umIilo akufuneki uvuthe wodwaInhloso yaloOkwesibiliukuthi kufanele kuzwakale nakomakhelwane ukuthi umnumzane uhIabile ngokuthikunuke usi.Ukukhipha amantshontsho akuwona umdla10 kudinga ubuchwepheshe.Umhlinzi ongenabuchule engazithola esebekwa icala lokucwiya uma engaqikeleli.Abasizi bomblinzi bonke bathola amantshontsho abazofakazisa ngawo emakhayaukuthi kade bebanjwe umsebenzi emzini womnurnzane. Lokhu kufakazelauMasondo, (1940:12) lapho ethi:Abayiblinzayo inkabi bayantshontsba basika amaqashanaenyama abizwa ngokuthiwa arnantshontsho, bahamba nawosebeya emakubo kubonakale ngakho ukuthi kade beyonhlinza,bawahlorna ngezinti, kodwa abanuIDzane abahloniphekayobawathwalelwa yizingane zalapho.155

UMsimang, (1975:129), uwahlela kanje amantshontsho:Amantshontsho enkomo phela ilawa: Emkhonwenikukhishwa uvutshana ose~ikhinkilini, kwehliwekukhishwe isiphapha esingaphakathi emkhonweni,kuphethwe ngokukhishwa koqwanga umakungezukukhishwa insonyama Yomibili imikhonoinalawo mantshontsho. Kukhona futhi ubambo ngaphanangapha kwesifuba oIusaIa esixhantini, nazo Iezombambo ziyantshontshwa, zibizwa ngokuthiamakhumuko. Emlenzeni khona kukhishwa izikhinkilinezinxonxo. Umhlinzi oneso usengasikela abasizi bakheufu, amathumbu, namathambo omfunkulo.Mangiphawule helu ukuthi izinxonxo lezi inyamaethambile nenhle kakhulu efanele abakhethiweyo.Omunye umshikashika odinga ubuchwepheshe ukukhipha izitho ngononina.Akuwona umsebenzana Iona kepha udinga ukucophelela ngoba kufanele umhlinziakwazi ukuziveza obala, ngokungananazi zonke izitho; ziphelele.UMsimang,(1975:130) uphawula kanje ngaIokhu:Ngisho khona ezikhathini zawokhokho akuzange kwabainto elula nakancane. Umuntu onephimbo lokukhiphaizitho ubehIonishwa. Ngisho esegugile, uhelandwa khonaesezihIalele ebandla nomnnmzane kuthiwe siyahIonishwa,ngoba nabazosidla bayahlonishwa ukuze umsehenziwonke uhIonipheke.Uma kuhlinzwa akuqalwa noma ngaluphi uhlangothi kodwa kuqala ngasohIangothiniIwesokudIa.Kuqalwa ngokukhishwa kwehele bese inqindwa amanqina, kuzeemkhonweni wakhona ngakwesokudIa nomIenze wakhona Lokhu kuphindekwenziwe nasesandleni sobunxele. Emveni kwaIokho kukhishwa imikhelonensonyama lnsonyama inyama epbambili noma eyekhethelo edliwa izitatanyiswaImnandi futhi ithambile, ngeke wasinika esingaboni.Usezoqhubeka umhlinziakhiphe insonyama nengxenye yendlehe ehIe nemihlubuIo aye ayodlula esinqeni aze156

ayoma ezonxonxwem.Umblinzi kufanele aqikelele ukuthi ngenkathi ekhiphainsonyama engasoni isifuba ngoba kungenjaIo abalobokazi bangavuka umbhejazanabayidube inyama, okuyisimo esingesihIe esingaluIaza UDlDumzane.Yingakho kwazekwavela nesaga esithi libafazi bedube inyama ngoba bebona sengathi inyama yaboicwiyiwe.Umnllmzane angaze aphoqeleke ukuwisa enye inkomo ukudambisa lesisimo. UNene, (2003) uzichaza kanje izinxonxo:Izinxonxo inyama yekhethelo esikwa ngasesinqenisenkomo ngasethanjeni lenyonga AyinaIo ithamboithambe kamnandi. Ngolimi lwasemzini yiIe nyamaebizwa ngokuthiwa "isiteki".Uma kuhlinzwa kubaluIekile ukuba umhlinzi abophe ifindo eshobeni ukuze inyamaingabaphathi kabi eziswini.Libe selinqunywa liyobekwa ekusithekeni ukuzelinganyakaziswa bese kuhuda abantu abadIe inyama Amashoba kubuye kuhIotshwengawo.InkuIathi kuqiniswa ngayo izimpiselo zemikhonto ikakhuIukazi amakIwanezijuIa Umblinzi usezoqhubeka akhiphe inqikIa ehle nesifuba eqaphela ukungayoniimihIubuIo.UzodIuIela ontwini noma ebeleni kuya ngokuthi umhlinzi ujwayeleukuqala ngakuphi.Uma esekhipha okwangaphakatbi uqaIa akhiphe amatbumbu ebese elandelisangephaphu nenhliziyo. Ubese elandelisa ngemikhono akIunyuIe imilenzeemanyongeni. Emveni kwalokhu bese kubhotshozwa imihIubuIo kwenziwe izibamboukuze kube lula ukuyibambaUma kukhishwa imihIubuIo kuqala ngasohlangothinilwangasokunxele kuye kwesokudla Umhlinzi usezokhipha amaguma adliwangabafana157

Uma seknkhisbwa isibindi umhlinzi uyaqaphela ukuthi sisuka lapho siqonde ngqokummnnzane.Isizathu salokho ukuthi siqukethe isithwana esibaluleke ngendlelaeyisimanga esibizwa ngokuthiwa inyongo.Inyongo lena ithathwa njengensilayekhaya.Ukuduka kwayo kungabahlalisa lubhojozi abomndeni ngoba besabelaimpilo yabo kubakhunkuli.Inyongo lena noma ibukeka incane kodwa yenzaumsebenzi omkhulu ngoba iyona exbnmanisa abaphilayo nezinyanya.Umnikaziwomcimbi uconsiselwa ngayo ezinyaweni ize iconsele phansi bese eyihlikihlangoqukula.Lokhu kwenzelwa ezimpundwini zesibaya ngoba esibayeni ikomkhululezinyanya. Ukuyihlikihla kuchaza ukufezekisa ukuxbumana komnini mcimbinamadlozi.Uma isala, ichithwa emsamo bese kugezwa isikhwama sayo beseiphundulelwa emveni koknsikwa ngasem10nyeni igqishwe umhlwehlwe bese ifakwausingaye esandleni sokuphonsa uma kungowesilisa, owesifazane kwesokunxele.Eminye imizi abayigqishi ngomhlwehlwe kepha bayayifutha ngophaphe,ikhukhumale bese iyalengiswa. Uma kungeyembuzi ilengiswa ekhanda. Kepha umakungeyenkomo kuba sesiblakaleni yenziwe isiphandla.Uma umnnmzane ekade ehlabile ubonakala ngokulengisa inyongo.Uma ejwayeleukuhlaba njalo ubonakala ngolruzilengisa zibe ningana esihlaka1eni.Sekwazekwaqhamuka nesaga esithi: "ufake inyongo nesinye khona kuzothiwa uhlabezambili".Lesi saga sisetshenziswa kumuntu ofuna ukuba yinto angeyona, athiengumfokazana azenze umnnmzane, ngoba uma unganakile isinye sicishe sifanenenyongo. UMasondo, (1940:15) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Mayelana nokuhlaba inkomo kwabekuthi nxa inkomoihlatshiwe umuntu omkhulu ohambele lapho ekhaya, nomaisihlobo, athelwe ngenyongo ezinyaweni nasezandlenibesesenziwa isihibe isikhwama senyongo asifake esihlaka1eni.158

Kodwa uma ehIatshiswe imbuzi sabesifuthwa isikhwamaabesesifaka ekhanda ezinweleni. Kwabekuthi nxakuhIatshiswe ogulayo, athi ethelwa ngayo, kubekukhulunywanabaphansi, bencengwa ukuba bamzwele bamphilisengokumcelela kuMvelinqangi, ngoba bona sebeseduze naye.Bavamile abantu ukusisebenzisa lesi saga sokuthi: "Ufakeinyongo nesinye khona kuzothiwa uhIabe zambili."Lokhu kushiwo kumuntu ozithwele noziqhayisayo ngentoeyodwa ayenzile kubesengathi akakho omunye umuntuomadlulayo. Uqobo lwayo inyongo ikhomba ukuhIonishwanokwaziswa ukuthi umuntu ngumuntu onesithunzi, ngobaumfokazana olula-nje wabengaze angahlatshiswa ndawo.Futhi wabethi nxa ehamba umnuIDzane eqonda kwenyeindawo ekude ayetsheleke inyongo, ikakhulu nxa eyibonaukuthi anayo isindala angaze ahamba engenayo entsha. Phelawabenzela ukuthi ahambe ehlatshiswa kuyo yonke imizi laphoezolala khona ngoba bembona ngenyongo ukuthi ngumuntuomkhulu ohloniphekayo.Esinye isitho esikhishwa esibindini impundu.Impundu ayilokothwa idliwe intshangoba kunenkolelo yokuthi uma uke wayilokotha uzoba nesifo sokulibala Ngakhokeimpundu iyaye idliwe izalukazi ngoba vele sezikhulile nokukhohIwasekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaha kuzona futhi uma zikhohliwe, akekhoongazibeka icalaAbafana yibona ababhekana nalo mshikashika wokukhipha okwangaphakathingaphansi kweso elibukhali lomamaAbafana baqale bakhame umswani bawundlaleemqubeni eduze kwesikhumba ukuze badonsele kuwo konke okwangaphakathi.Okwangapbakatbi kukhanyelwa phezu komswane ukuze kungahaqwa ngumquba besekulumela Omama bayaqikelela ukuthi okwangaphakatbi kuyahlanzisiswaikakhulukazi itwani. Lokhulmfakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:131) lapho ethi:159

Okwangapbakatbi sekuzokhishwa, abafana bachitheumswani emqubeni, bakhame amathumbu, bashiyeitwani kuphela ngoba Iona kufimeka liye komamelilokbu liyisigubhu.Ngenkathi sekukbishwa okwangaphakathi kuyaye kuqoqwe igazi okuzophekwa ngaloububende balifake okhambeni. Igazi eliphume enxebeni ngenkatbi ihIatshwaalilokothwa lisetshenziswe noma lidliwe ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi lingabanomkhokha ngoba inkomo isuke ibulawe ngomkhonto okuyisikhali ngakho umalisetshenziswa kungaba kbona ongaharnba ngesikhali emndenini. UKrige, (1950:56)uphawu1a kanje ngaleli gazi:When the carcase is opened, the blood is dished outwith a cup and the people who skin the beast usuallyget a full pot. Cooked blood and fat are very popularand various dishes are made from them. Colloped tripeand coagulated blood, dried and ground, forms onedish, while chopped fat mixed with dried blood, oreven chopped fat alone, is eaten after the liquid fat isremoved. The rectum is stuffed with lumps of fat,fastened at each end like a sausage and boiled andeaten.Isitho okugcinwa ngaso ukukbishwa kuba isixhanti.Isixhanti sisuke sihlangenenenhloko. Umkhiphi wezitho kufanele abe nobungoti ukuhlukanisa inhlokonesixhanti.lsixhanti lesi isitho senkomo esiharnba nelunda ukusuka lapho inhlokoyahlukana kbona nentarno.UGcumisa noMthiyane, (1992:59) basichaza kanje isixhanti:Inyama ephakathi kwentarno nesifuba. Kuvame ukubayizimbambo ezimbili, izicubu zentarno kanye nethambo layointarno. Sidliwa abannrnzane.160

Emveni kwalokho sekuzonqunywa ngesikhali esibukhaIi futhi esisindayonjengembazo amathambo omfunkulu kuze kuyofika esinqeni.Kwezinye izindawoinhloko nesixhanti akuhlukaniswa kepha kuyahlinzwa kanyekanye. Kufakwa indukuecijile emfunkulwini ukuze kuhlahleleke kahle. Kufakwa ngaphansi embizeni ukuzekuvuthwe kahle kucolisiseke.Uma kuvuthwe kahle kuthiwe "idubukele" okuchazaukuthi ivuthiwe kahle.Uma inhloko nesixhanti kuvuthwe kahle kuba nenyamaeningi. Kwehlukaniswa uma sekulungile inhloko idliwe ibandla isixhantiahanumzane.Okufanele kuqapheleke ukuthi inhloko kanye nesikhumba akweqiswaothangweni njengezinye izitho kepha kuphuma ngesango, kugudle ngasohlangothinilwesokuphonsa kuze kuyothi cababa ofukwini.Isizathu salokhu ukuthi inhlokonesikhumba kumele yona inkomo uqobo ngakho-ke uma kweqiswa uthango kufananokuthi ufohlisa izinkomo, into eyichilo kwelikaMthaniya Kufanele kukhumbulekeukuthi isitho nesitho esikhishwayo silengiswa othangweni lwesibaya ukuze sivuzeigazi lonke ngoba ayingeniswa iconsa igazi inyama ngoba iba mnyama futhiinganambitheki. UMyeza, (2003) ubeka kanje ngaleli siko:Ngaphandle kwesizathu sokuqikelela inhlazeko, kunokusabelaukuthi igazi eliningi endlini lingadala umkhokha wokuthi kubekhona ukugobhoza kwegazi ekhayaEngaqeda umkhiphizitho ube esebikela umnllmZlIDe ukuthi obekwethwesweemagxa1abeni usekuphothulile.Emveni kokubonga unmumzane ube esethumaumf"na ukuthi eyokwetha isicathulo, angene naso exhibeni.Lendlu ihlonishwangendlela eyisimanga ngoba emveni kwalokho akusabe kusangena noma wubanikepha kungena izethenjwa zekhaya Angiphathi abesimame ababe besadlulanakudlula ngakhona ngoba abesifazane abasondeli ngalapho kunento ephathelene161

namad10zi njengasesibayeni. Nasexhibeni ma sekunenyama abasondeli ngobakukholelwa ukuthi nabo bakhona bakugadile ukudla kwabo.Emva kwalo mshikashika woknhlinza sekuzokosiwa amantshontsho. Umaumnnmzane esethume lowo amethembayo, imvamisa okuba indodana yakhe ukubaisike amantshontsho emIenzeni, phansi komkhono, esinqeni kanye nasemathunjiniamhlophe. Abafana kuba yibona ababamba beyowosa esibayeni. UGcumisanoMthiyane, (1992:59) bawachazakanje amantshontsho:Amaqatha amakhulu noma izicubu namathambo okusikwaezindaweni ezithile ernzimbeni wenkomo emuvakolmhlinz3 Le nyama inikwa abahlinzi baya nayoemakhaya beyiphethe ngezinti ichonywe kuzo.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi inyama kwelikaJama yosiwa esibayeni ngoba isibayaikomkhulu lezinyanya ngakho kufanele zidle nazo.Bazothi bangaqeda abafanaukuyosa bawethule kumnllmz3na Umnurnzane usezowadidiyela ngononinakwezinye izingqoko abela nabanye abasendlini, bese kusindwa ngobethole.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:132) lapho ethi:-Umlilo selokhu uvuthe njalo belu, kanti neziko kusalokuyilo lel0, ngoba akubuye kudalwe elinye. Kulisikoeligcinwayo ngesiZulu ukuba inyama yoselwe ngaphandlekwesibaya, kanti futhi ayoselwa endlini. lziko elingazelidandwe ngokwesibili elokuphekaLa mantshontsho eband1a osiwa kanyekanye afakweogqokweni, abuyiselwe kumnnmrnne lowo oqondenenaye. Yena-ke usezocela ezinye izingqoko ukuze abelebonke abasendlini, kudliwe. Sekuzongena notshwala futhikuqhutshekwe nokuphuza. Labo abekade behlinza,sebezothatha amantshontsho abo lawo asesibayeniabawahlome ezagileni, bavalelise bahambe.162

Lokhu kuphinde kuseke1we uMasondo, (1940: 12) 1apho ethi:Ngosuku lokuhlaba kudliwa inyama yokosa ebizwangokuthiwa ngeyezoso, ngoba phe1a nansi iyosiwaUkuphatha inyama kwabekungumsebenzi wamadoda,nokuyosa inyama kwabekwenziwa yiwo. lnsizwa eyosainyama yabiyibenga iyose isibengiwe, ithi nxa isi1etbaeyokugcina imibengo ifike ithi emadodeni, "sengidiniwe."Besebebona nabo ukuthi uqonda ukuthi isiphelile inyamaAhahlinzi bona babuye batho1e awabo olmhlinzaUkukhombisa intokozo nokubonisaizwe ukuthi kade besiza umnurnzane bayaye bawachome ezagi1eni uma sebehambaAhahlinzi bona awabo amantshontsho bawatho1a khona esibayeni ngenkathi behlinzaAmantshontsho okugcina kuba yilawo omuzi ikakhulukazi enze1wa abesifazane.Ngenkathi kuhlinzwa noma sekukhishwa izitho abayi1okothi nakancane abesimameinyama kangangoba abavume1ekile ngisho nokusonde1a ngakhonaUKhumalo,(2005) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Inyama ingukudla okusingathwa abaphansiabesifazane bayayihlonipha, ngisho esibayenibalubbade ngoba isibaya ikomkhulu 1ezinyanyangakho-keabalokothiUma esehambile amadoda akade e1eke1e1a umnumzane esezoce1a enye yamadodanaukuba iyobabhekela emlenzeni.Uma isithuliwe komama eyokosa, bace1a abafanaukuba babasize ngokuboselaEmveni kokudla 1eyo eyokosa, sebengene1a isigubhubasifumuze luhlaV!Isigubhu 1esi sibalulekile kakhulu ngoba isithembu asi1okothisihlale esithebeni ngakusasa uma singadliwanga Ephekiwe idJiwa emva kwesigubhuuma singadliwanga Naye umnumzane uyayaba ngononina Unikeza amadodakazinomama eyawo namadodana akhe ngokunjalo ebabeka ngokwelamana kwezindluzabo bese kuphuma isicathulo sokugcina sokulala163

Uma umkhiphizitho esezikhiphe ngononina izitho, ubese ebuya ngakusasalingakapbakarni ilanga esezoqedela umsebenzi wakhe ngokuthi ezohlahlelaLomsebenzi wokuhlahlela wenziwa esibayeni.Isibaya kwaZulu sibaluleke kakhulungoba siyikomkhulu lezinyanyaYingakho nomnllrnzane wekhaya efihlwa enhlanesibaya ukuze abheke kahle imfuyo yakhe futhi ayandise.Nakho ukuhJahlela kunemigomo yakho ethiIe elandelwayo. Uma inyama isiphindelaesibayeni ukuyohlahlelwa ilandela indlela engene ngayo ngenkathi iya exhibeni.Inhloko iyona engena kuqala njengokuhamba kwayo kuqala, bese kulandela ezinyeizitho.Iqhaza labafana lapho sekuhIahlelwa liya likhula ngoba yibona abangenisaizingqoko, izimbazo, izinqindi n3ID3nzi okuhIamba nokunye okungahle kudingekeuma kuhIahlelwaIsitho sokuqala esihlahlelwayo inbloko emva kokuba isihlinziwe. KubaIulekile ukuthiIImblahli acophelele kakhulu uma ehlahlela inbloko ngoba iwukudla kwebandlaUma inbloko ibe ivithi yangabonakala kahle, amadoda ayayiduba, engayidli.Lokhokuduba kuhlaza ummnnzane wekhaya nokungamholela ekutheni wnnurnzaneablawuliswe ibandla noma induna yesigodi.Inhloko wna sekuphekwa ifakwangaphansi kanye nesixhanti yingakho kwaze kwavela isaga esithi "idubukele'okuchaza ukuthu ivuthwe kahle.Umhlahli ulandelisa ngokukhipha ukhandaUkhaoda ile ngxenye yenhIoko ehamba nezimpondo.Uma selukhishiwe ukhandaluyaye lubIonywe phezu komnyango wendlu engenhla lubheke esibayeni somuzi.Kwenye inkathi luchonywa ezimpundwini zesibaya ngoba isibaya yiIapho kuhIalakhona izinyanya ngakho uma luchonywe apho ziyabona ukuthi imfuyo yazo ikuphi.164

Ubuchopho buhlala obala emva kokukhipha ukhanda, Iona ludliwa amakhehla.Abafana bazitika ngamehlo ngoba awabo bazosela wona. Lokhu kufakazekwauMsimaog, (1975:133) lapho ethi:Ngaphambi kokuba enze noma yini umhlahli, kufunekaahIambe izandla. Uzoqala ngokuhlahla inhloko. Uzohlinzakuqala isikhumba senhloko. Uzolandelisa ngokukhiphaisikhanda. Ubuchopho uyabulahla noma abunike izinja.Amehlo wona uwanika abafana bawose. Phela inele yangenanjena esibayeni, bawuphemba umlilo kulo lelo ziko layizolo.Imihlathi (izibankwa) zona ziyosiwa ngabafana kudliwe imvove ephakathi emnandingendlela emangalisayo.Umthombo noma inkotha idliwa abanumzane ngobaithambile futhi ngeke wasinika esingaboni.Ngenkathi umhlahli ehlahlela inhloko ubese ehlukanisa inhloko esixhantini kodwaabanye abakuhlukanisi. USibisi, (2003) usichaza kanje isixhanti:Isixhanti isitho senkomo esihamba nelunda ukusuka laphoinhloko yahlukana khona nentamo.Inhloko idliwa izinsizwa kuthi isixhanti sidliwe abanumvlDe ngoba yibonaabangamele imizi. Bonke ubunzima buthwalwa yibona njengoba nesixhanti sisekelainhloko kanye nomzimba wenkomo.Sekwaze kwaba nesaga esithi: "KwehIukanainhloko nesixhanti."Lesi saga sichaza ukuthi selrusesikhathini somnqamula juqu,amanga namaqiniso azohlala obaIa njengoba inhloko naso isixhantisekwahIukanisiwe, kungasekho ukudideka ukuthi iyiphi inhloko, yisiphi isixhanti?Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi umhlahli kufanele akhaliphe, akwazi kahle ukuyihIukanisainhloko esixhantini.165

Emveni kokukhipha amehlo, umhlahli uba eseqhubekela emhlathini kanye nasedevini.Nakho ukukhipha ngobuchule imihlathi lena ayihlukanise kahle lapho ihIanganakhona Izibankwa lezi ziyosiwa kudliwe imvove ngabafana ldevu nalo kufanelealikhiphe kahle ngoba isitho sabo abafanaIdevu yilengxenye engenhla emlonyeniwenkomo. Kanti impumulo ingenhla kwedevu. UGcumisa noMthiyane, (1992:60)balichaza kanje idevu:Impumulo noma ikhala lenkomo.UGcumisa noSikhangane bathanda ukuphaphalaza ngoba idevu nempurnulokwehlukene. Ingxenye engezansi komIomo kuthiwa inkamazi. Le ngxenye ibizwakanje ngoha inkomo ikha ngayo amaDzi uma iphuza, yona idliwa abantu abadala.Ukusnka esixhantini ubese edIulela esifubeni.Isifuba lesi yingxenye eyabelwaabesifazane asebeganile ngoba singaphansi enkomeni ngakho sinokukhombisaintobeko. Esifubeni ukhipha amaguma amabili. Amaguma uwachaza kanjeuNyembezi, (1992:157):Izimhambo zesifuba, sezehlukaniswe esifubeni esiphekiwekuthiwa amaguma.Iphaphu nenhliziyo kuyakhishwa kudliwe abafana uma sebeyodla ubhedu ngaphandlekomuzi.Umhlahli ubese ekhipha imihlubulo eqala ngawosokunxele ebese ewelelakowosokudla.Imihlubulo iyabhotshozwa kwenziwe izihambo ukuze kube lula166

ukuyibamba Imihlubulo idliwa amantombazana UGcumisa noMthiyane, (1992:59)bayichaza kanje imihlubulo:Imihlubulo amacala noma izinhlangothi zomzimbawenkomo. Zisukela emikhonweni ziyofika emilenzeni.Yilapho kususwa khona insonyama Yinyama yabafazi.Umhlahli ubese ebhekana nomganga kanye novalo, avithize ngembazonomaokusambazwana ithambo likangiklane ehle njalo abheke emilenzeni afike ahIukaniseugalo nelifuphi. Elifuphi yilelo thambo elingenhla em1enzeni wenkomo. Udlulelaemikhonweni ayinqamule nayo ayehlukanise. Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthiomunye umkhono owebandla Okufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ngokosiko lwesiZuluisinqe asihlalelwa nezinye izitho kepha sinikezwa ilanga laso emveni kwezinsukwanaIsizathu sokungajahwa kwaso ukuthi sidliwa kuphela abalapha ekhaya nabasondelenekakhulu nabo emveni komcimbi.Amanqina kanye nebele kudliwa ngamadodangelanga elilandelayo.Abafana baphinde bakufunde ulmhlin7JI khona ehlanzeni ngenkathi besalusile.Kuyenzeka isilwane sizifele khona lena entabeni kodwa ngokosiko lwesiZuluasiyekwa sidindilizile, siqumbile.Umnikazi wempahla uyaye acele abafana bakheukuthi ba.ihlinre bengaphansi kweso elibukhali lomuntu omdala ukuze abafundiseuma sebephapbalazaLokhu kufakazelwa uNene, (2003) lapho ephawula kanje:Ngokosiko lwesiZulu ingcuba ayilokothwa ishiyweidindilizile endle ngoba lokho kunga1etha umkhokha wokuthiimfuyo YoIDnnm7

Emveni kokuyihlinz2 bakhipha zonke izitho ngononina bese yonke inyama isbiywakhona lapho endle kanjalo, idliwe izilwane zasendle nezinyoni ezifana namanqenamagwababa Sinye kuphela isitho esithathwayo uma kwenziwa lesi senzo. Lesositho ubende.Isizathu salokho ukuthi ubende luhanjiswa kumdipbi bese yenaaludlulisele kweziphathimandla zezempilo ukuba ziyohIaziya imbangela yesifo.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ukudibha lokhu akukhona okokudabukakwelikaMthaniya kepha kwafika nabaMhlophe. Ngaphandle kokucubungulaimbangela yesifo, ubende yilona okusulwa ngalo kumdipbi inkomo noma ehlatsbiweukuze ahIale elazi inani lezinkomo zomuzi ngomuzi.Abafana babamba eIikhulu iqhaza lapha kuhlinzwa ngoba yibona ababambayongenkathi kuhlinzwa, yibona abaletha amanzi okugeza izandla.Yibona abalethaizingqoko, izinqindi nokunye okudingeka ngenkathi kuhlinzwa. Yibona abahambisainyama ofukwini, yibona futhi abalala lapho kugcinwe khona inyamaAbafanayibona abakhama amathumbu nomswani baphinde baqikelele nokuthi umakuhlatsbiwe umlilo uhlale ukhonaIsikhumba ngumsebenzi wabo ukuthi baboneukuthi senekiwe ngendlela efanele. Indlela okuyiyo yileyo yokuthi sibethelwe phansingezintana siqonde sithi thwi, sonke sithole ilanga bese sithelwa ngeswayi ukuzesingadliwa izilwanyana Noma kunjalo abafana nabo bayahlomula emva kokuhlinzangoba bathola iphaphu, inhliziyo nobhedu abaludlela ekwaluseni ngenkathibengcweka. Kubalulekile ukuthi abafana bakufunde ulmhlinza ngoba lokhokubahlomisela ingomuso uma nabo sebengabanmnzane, sebengamele imizi yabo.Unummzane ongenalwazi mayelana nokuphathelene nemfuyo usukeeyisilahIwanaboya ngoba imfuyo ingumgogodla wempilo yesiNtu.168

4.4 UkudiphaAsikho nasinye isidalwa esingama ngamlenze munye sithi sooo siyophilaingunaphakade. Sonke sisahlalelwe umshikashika necala elikhulu lokufa. Ukufayikhooo okusixbumanisa nezinyanya zethu futhi ngakho ukufa abanye bethubaphenduka izinyanya. Nabenkolo yobuKristu bakholelwa wukuthi indIela yokulalaubuthongo balindele ukuvuka, bahIulelwe ukuze babone umbuso ozayo, yiyoeyokudlula ekufeni. Ukufa kwadalwa uMvelinqangi ngabomu.Lokhu kufakazelwauMphrofethi uMoses encwadini kaGenesise, 3: 1-5 lapho ethi:Inyoka yayinobuqili kunazo zonke izilwane zasendIeabezenzile uJehova uNkulunkulu. yathi kowesifazane:Ngempela uNkulunkulu ushilo yini ukuthi: NingadIi emithiniyasensimini oo?Owesifazane wathi enyokeni: SingadIa izithelo zemithiyasensimini, kepha ngezithelo zomuthi ophakathi nensimuuNkulunkulu ushilo ukuthi: Ningazidli, ningazithinti ukubaningafi.Inyoka yathi kowesifazane uyazi ukuthi mhla nizidIa,kuyakuvuleka amehIo enu, niOO njengoNkuIunkulu, nikwaziokuhIe nokubi.Nazo-ke izinkomo nezimbuzi zibhekwe izemOO lokufa.Igama elithi ukufa lavelangoba kukhooo isifo esikhinyabeze Ieso sidalwa size sihIuleke ukumelana nokuphila.lndIela yokuvikela izifo ezinkomeni nasezimbuzini eyokuzicwilisa ediphini.UNyembezi, (1992:80) ukuchaza kanje ukudipba:Ukungenisa izilwane emanzinj athakwe ngomuthi wokubulalaizilokazane ezinjengemikha:za ngenhIoso yokuthi zife.169

KufaneIe kukhumbuleke ukuthi 10 mkhuba wokudipba ungowokufika IapbakwelikaMtbaniya ngoba wafika noNdlebezikbanyilangaLeli gama elithi dipbalingumfakela oveIa egameni lesiNgisi elithi "dip" okuchaza ukucwilisaKufanelekukhumbuleke ukuthi ngaphambi kokufika kwalo mkhuba, akusho ukuthi abantuhakaJama babengenayo indlela yokwelapba izifo ngamakhambi esiNtu.USibisi,(2003) upbawula kanje ngalokhu:Sesifikile isikbathi lapho abantu ikakhulukazi aboMdabusekufaneIe bapheze ukusbayela amaQadasi icilongo sengathieza nalukhulu, nathi boMdabu sasinayo indlela yokwelapbaimfuyo ngaphambi kokufika kwabo.EmpeIeni kufane1e kukhumbuleke ukuthi inhlosonqangi yamaQadasi ukusungulaamadiphu, kwakuwukunciphisa imfuyo yaboMdabu ngokuthi bakwazi ukuyilawulaUmuzi nomuzi wawubekelwa umgomo nenani lezinkomo okufanele ube nazo.Yingakbo abaMdabu bengazange bayamukele ngezandla ezimhlophe le nqubongenkathi ifika Noma kunjalo, bagcina bebhongele emswanini.Amanzi asediphini afakwa imithi ethile ebulala izinambuzane emizimbeni yemfuyo.Lapba ediphini kunomuntu owengamele 10 msebenzi obizwa ngokuthi umadibbanaUmsebenzi wakhe ukuhlela kahle lonke ublelo lokudiphaUmadibhana uyenaoqaphe1a ukufika kwezinkomo ngokulandelana kwazo ukuze noma sekuqala ukudipbazingene ngalolo blelo.Uyena ogcina ulwazi Iwenani Iwezinkomo zemizi ngemiziukuze aqikelele ukuthi zonke ziyadipba ukngwema ukubhebhetheka kwezifo.Yingakbo nabanini zinkomo uma zifile noma zihhusbiwe behambisa ubendenjengobllfakazi bokuthi isifile ukuze yesu!we emabhukwini.170

UNene, (2003) uyanaba ajule mayelana nokuhanjiswa kobende kumadibhana athi:Ngaphandle kokusula inkomo emabhukwini kamadibhanaenye injongo yokuhambisa ubende ukuthi aphenyeimbangela yokufa kwaleyo nkomo. Lokhu kusizaukuqikelela ukutholakala kwezifo ezibhedukayonezithathelanayo ezingabhuqabhuqa imfuyo.UMdiphi uqeqeshiwe ukuthi akwazi ukubheka kabanzi imbangela yokufa kwenkomo.Uyakwazi kubona uma inkomo izifele futhi uyakwazi ukubona uma ibulawe isifoesithize. Uyaye asebenzise isibuko okuyisona esimqekethela imbangela yesifo.Uma sekuqalwa ukudipha umadibhana ulungisa amabhuku anengqikithi yezinkomozemizi ngemizi. Kubalulekile ukuthi umadibhana kube umuntu ozibonayoizimpukane ukuze akwazi ukuthikitha lezo ezifikile zomuzi ngomuzi.Kufanelekukhumbuleke ukuthi ukudipha lokhu kwafika noNdlebezikhany'ilanga njengakhoukubha1a Nabafana nabo baphatha ezasemakubo izincwajana zediphu. Lokhukufakazelwa uButhelezi, (1996:35) lapho uZithelile elungiselela ukulwa noKhanjanaethi:Uyeyisa Khanjana Ngizokukhombisa. Ngifunga umamauLinono eMbongolwane, kusho uZithelile esethatha intamboelenga incwadi yasediphini eyiphonsa emhlane, kwathiingutshana yakhe ephephezelayo wayikhwica nhlangothizombili ephentini lakhe.Izinkomo zidipha kanye ngenyanga ngakho-ke kuyacaea ukuthi isuke iyizindimbaneimfuyo. Lokho kuphoqa abafana ukuthi bavuke ngezintathakusa - bababele ediphiniukuze bafike kuqala ngokunjalo bakwazi ukusheshe babuye. Kufanele kukhumbulekeukuthi iningi la1aba bafana basuke besahamba isikole ngakho-ke kufanele bavuke171

ukuze basheshe babuye. Umgomo wasediphini yilowo wokuthi ofike kuqala, usizwakuqalaUButhelezi, (1996:33) lapho eveza khona uCeIe ebukela khona umshanawakhe uZithelile ekha1ima izinkomo esebuya ediphini:Amehlo kaCele ehlala ngezansi ezivandeni ezazembetheizinhlanga kanye nobuhlalu bamabhece, osolozi namathangaBudebuduze nezivande, ingane kaLinono, uZithelile,wayl'kba1ima izinkomo zakubo elwa nokuzahlukanisa nalezizinkomo ezazisaya ediphini, nakhu pheIa ezakhe zase zibuyakhona ediphini. Wayelivukela idiphu uZithelile ukuze afikenge!'ikhatbi esikoleni, yize idiphi lalibuqamama nakubo.Wayegijima azishaye azikhombe indleIa izinkomo, kuthi njelapho esethi seziyahamba, zizwe ukubhonsa kwezinkomazinokukhonya kwenkunzi yakwaKubheka., kulezi ezisayaediphini. Kwakusuka eyodwa iphendule ikhandaibisiphendula ilandele ezinye izinkomo ezisaya ediphini.Ngenxa yalesi simo sokuvuka kuyenzeka Ulnakusebusika amakhaza eshubisaumnkantsha afakazelwa yisithwathwa nombayiyane, abafana babase umlilo ukuzebothe ngenkathi besalindile.Yithuba-ke leIi Iabafana Iokuthi bafunde ukuphehlauzwathi, okungumsebenzi ahazogcina sekungowabo imihla namalangaUkuphehlauzwathi kungumsebenzi wabesilisa ikakhulukazi abafanaLokhu kufakazeIwauMsimang, (1975:106) lapho ethi:Ukuphehla uzwathi kwakungumsebenzi wabesilisa,ikakhulukazi abafana, nanxa nabesifazane babeIuphehla nje.Kuphehlwa ngezinkuni. Kukhethwa imithi eqiniIe, yonakanye lena eyenza amalahle okupheka insimbi, esesiIandengayo kabanzi lapha ngenhla Phela ngisho isiqathongo,isihlakothi neminye. Le mithi iyabazwa kuhlekwamapulangwe. Sekuzothi phakathi nendawo lolu thilubholwe imbobo ezongena ibhaxa lokuphehla Usezoqalakeumfana ephehla luze lushise ukhuni bese kuqathakaizinhlansi l'zisamaJahle. Kubekwe izibi noma idaka laphangaphansi, izinhlansi Iezi zizoqathakeIa kulo bese IokheIaUsuwokhelekile njalo umlilo.172

Umadibhana esizwa yizinduna baqala umsebenzi ngokubiza ezalowo ofike kuqalaZiye zilandelana ngokufika kwazo kepha uma kufika ezabakhuIu namakhosinjengezinduna, zona azimiswa emgqeni, ziyaye zedIuliswe. UBhengu, (2003)uyakuveza lokhu lapho ethi:Lingawa licoshwe zinkukhu uma ungase ubone ezakwethuzibambe ujenga ediphini. Phela thina singabasebukhosinilapha eNtunjambili ngakho sinelungelo eligcwele esalinikwauMvelinqangi. Noma sivuka kepha asiziluIazi sivukenjengabantnkazana sivuka ekuseni sekubambekaUyaye uqhubeke wncimbi zize ziphele zonke izinkomo.Kufanele kukhwnbuIekenkuthi imimvemve namankonyane angakakhuli ngokwanele awalokothi angeneediphini. Imimvemve ngoba isuke ingakakwazi ukubamba iyabikwa ukuthi isaphilakanti amankonyane ayafundiswaKwenye inkathi aze aduduIwe ngezandla umaesaba ukungena ediphini.Kokunye adonswe ngeziswebhu uma esephakathi nomaephenduka phakathi aze ayophuma phambili.Kungaqedwa nkudipha amankonyane ayaye akhethwe kanti izinkomo zonazikhaphelwa emadlelweni. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho abafana bethola ithubalokuqhatha izinkunzi.Ziyaye zidwnelane izinkunzi yileso naleso sigodi sibongelaeyakubo kuze kube khona egoba uphondo.Lo mdlalo ungagcina usuqhathe izigodingoba kuyenzeka abaninizinkunzi bagcine sebedwnelene bese abanyeabafanabachwaze sebefaka ugqozi kulaba abalwayo, lokhu okugcina sekuholele ekuthenikwabona badumelane, kuqubuke eyezigodi, kube yimpi enkulu neyesabekayo.Omunye wndlalo okhonzwe ediphini kakhuIu ngabafana yilowo wokuqhathwaNgenxa yokuthi 10 mdlaIo IruIeIi zinga ujwayeIe ngokuphetha kabi, sekubambene173

izigodi, abafana bahamba bephethe izinduku.Eqinisweni nmf"n" uhamba ephetheizinduku ezimbili, eyokugadla neyokuvika kepha akaluphathi ubhoko.Ngalekwalokho angadindwa ngabanye abafana uma evathazela njengenina noma uzitholaesevika ngengalo uma eyokuvika engayiphethe.Ngisho ihawu lingekho akunaluthongoba kunomthetho wokungashayi amaqupha omunye umfanaLokhu bakwenzelaukuthi uma kwenzeka kuphuma esandleni lokhu kuqhathana, bakwazi ukuyibambalIDpl.Uma le mpi yasediphini ingafakelwa iso lokhozi kungagcina sekulweunomphela lezo zigodi. Umfo kaNgcolosi, (2003) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Ingxabano yabafana yasediphini ingadala imbedumehlwanauma ingathatbelwa izinyatbelo ezinqala. Kufanele izindunazisheshe zihlangane ziwubhule 10 mlilo ungakabhebhethekingokungako ngoba kungenjalo abantu bayolala obenyoniisibambene.Lokhu kufakazela uButbelezi, (1996:34) lapho eveza intombazanyana uZithelile elwanomfana uKhanjana kanje:Wayezishaya ezinye izinkomo uZithelile eziqhelisa ukubaakhetbe ezakwabo, kanti kuzothi kusenjalo mhlomunye, ezwengesagila sihlala ezimpondweni zenkonekazi yakubo. Sahlala,sasesigxuma leso sagila sashaya UZithelile ehlombe.Walibamba ihlombe epholisa iminjunju UZithelile. Izindukuzakhe zombili wayengazilahlile phansi kodwa ezigodleekhwapheni langasokunxele. Intukutbelo yambhadamamasisha yangashiya ndawo yokwesaba noma ukucabanga.Njengesotsha elilodwa lisesigcawini sezitha, wabezwa abafanabemhleka kakhulu bethi, "Wahlabana Khanjana; washayainkonekazi nomlusikazi kanyekanye. Kade sasisho sithintombazane yini lena ebangisana natbi idiphi?"UZithelile wacushacusha ngesivinini phakatbi kwezinkomo,wena owabona umpetba womdlali webhola lezinyawo,uTeenage Dladla ejika abadlali. Ngokuphazima kwesowayesephambi kwesihlofuhlofu esinguKhanjanaWasihlohloloza ngenduku watbi, "Wenzani Khanjana lemfongothi yemfucumfucu yeselelesi? Ungishayelani?174

Ngenzeni kuwe Khanjana?yintombazane?"Kungabe isono sami ngukubaUngibone ngenzani Zi?" Kubuza uKhanjana edavuzelangamabhuzi afika emadolweni, emukelana nomphuphewejezi elibomvu labesifazane elilenga izikhwama ziqondeemadolweni, ikakhulu isikhwama sobunxele esasisindwayimfiliji. Noma izikhwama zazisemadolweni, imuva lejezilaligcina eqolo.Ungathini ukuthi ungibone ngenzani Khanjana sewucishewangilimaza? Ubuzothini ulrube nngilimazile ekhanda,noma wangikhipha iso ngenduku?" Kubuza UZithelileamehlo ethe njo kuKhanjanaUkube ngikunembile, bengizothi 'Wadla Khanjana ungaqali!Wadla Khathide ngomlusikazi.' Manje ngehlulekileukukunemba Pho kukuhlupha ngani wena Zi ukugejakwami? Ukube ngikushaye ekhanda ngabe sesiyokugezaemfuleni manje. UZithethile. Sibageza mihla namalangaabafana abangakwazi ukuvikela amakhanda noma amakhalaLeyo, yindlela yasekwaluseni. Ukube ngikukhiphe ihlophela ubusuzoba yindlobho njengenqudulu yakini. ManjeUZithethile ucabanga ukwenzani ngalokho?" KubuzauKhanjana esondela kungathi ulindele ukuba u-UZithelileahlehle.Bahleka bonke abafana begijima sebesondelela ukubabazobona 10 mdlalo ababewukhwezela Bazikhohlwaizinkomo okwesikhashana besahehwa uzibuthe wempieyayifufusa. Wathi ukublehla kancane ngesifuba uZithelile,wenyusa isifuba wakhombisa ukuthi akumdikizisi lokukudelela kukaKhanjanaUKhanjana yena wayenguntondo, umbijana osindwangamabhuzi kodwa ethembe nje ukuba ngumfana lmikhonoyayingangezingalo zephela, nezandla zimfushane.Ngaphandle kwezwi, akukho nokukodwa okwakwethembisaamandla kule ndojeyana eyayishaye UZithelile ngesagjlafuthi yase imdelelaUZithelile wathatha wathi: "Usho ukuthini ukuthiubuzozibongela ngokungishaya kwakho Khanjana? Ushoukuthini ukuthi inqudulu yakithi yindlobho? Kantinngishaye ngabomu? Ngizokufundisela amanyeamantombazane Khanjana! Akwenziwa kimi loko.Ngimfunge nmama uLinono eseMbongolwane. Ngiyifungeingane yakwethu uIDanganisani," kusho UZithelile elungisa175

izinduku zakhe, efola kancane ekhomba uKhanjanangenduku."He-he-he Khanjana! Naku uzoshaywa yintombazane,"kusho abafana beshaya izinkomo beziqhelisa ukuze inkundlayabo ivuleke. Wazungeza UZithelile kubonakala kuthinakhu sekuzochitheka izishebo uma uKhanjana engabhekile.UKhanjana owayesesele nenduku eyodwa, wabona ukuthikuhle enze isiviko ngejezi lakhe. Imfiliji wayishuthekaebhuzini langakwesokudla, wayesethi kukhokhoba nayeelungela ukugalela. Bazungezana isikhashana kungekhoogalela kuqala. Bathi lapho abafana bebona ukuthi akekhoogalelayo, babashoshozela ngokuthi, "Qhude manikiniki!Mnike isongo lakhe! Ukhumbule Khanjana ukuthi inxebalentombazane lithatha iminyaka emihlanu ukuphola."Babelokhu beshilo abafana bethi, ''Nako-ke phela Khanjana.Naku usuzoshaywa yintombazane." La mazwi amfudumezauKhanjana, amdudula wagalela ngokufutheka ethi unembaikhanda. Wahlanganisa UZithelile waze waguqa. Kwakhalaubufahlafahla izinduku zihlangana emoyeni. Wathi ukuhlekauZithelile, wasukuma wadlalisela nenduku yokugalelaeyidlalisa emoyeni. UKhanjana wathi dedelele, kungathi lokukuvika kuka uZithelile kumnike umlayezo othile. Omunyewabafana wakhiPha imfiliji emlenzeni kaKhanjana.Wayithintitha katbathu, wayimfilizisa kabili kathathu waseethi, "Ayi Khanjana! Shaya intombazane lena sihambe. Naziizinkomo seziyosithela. Aknnamantombazane azodelelaabafana kulesi sigodi sakithi. Kuhle siyibeke endaweni yayointombazane ebhensayo."Waphimisela isandla sokudla uKhanjana, wase esondelaukugalela futhi. Wagxuma uZithelile waphiqilikaezinyukunya embuka uKhanjana ngeso lokuhlola insimu.Wathi lapho ema khona, wagalela masishane emaqupheniUZithelile. Yaqhasha induku kaKhanjana yabheka phezulu.Wamphuthuma uZithelile wayikhipha amangwevu eyiphonsaedolweni ihlangabezana nesiviko anye naso isandlaesisamaqupha ophayo. Noma ikhanda likaKhanjana laselihleli obala linganembeka kalula, wazibamba uZithelile ukuzeangamsbayi ekhanda Esikhundleni salokho, wamvubaezithendeni zezinqe. Wajanqula wabuye wagongobalauKhanjana ezikhalela ethi, "Uyangirobha Zi! UyangirobhaZi!"Ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo isuke iyisinindolo, kuyenzeka ukuthi enye imfuyo iduke.Kungale nkathi-ke lapho nmfana kufanele akhombise ikhono lokuqikelela imfuyo176

yakubo ngokuba abe neso kuyo.Okuvamise ukuduka kakhulu kujwayele ukubazinkunzi, izimpongo kanye namankonyane.lzinkunzi nezimpongo zisuke zilandelaizimanzi, zifuna ukukhwela, zigcine sezidukelene nomhlambi wakubo kantiamankonyane ngenxa yokuthithiza nawo alandele imihlambi yakwezinye izindawo.Ngenxa yokuthi isizwe sikaMageba isizwe esinobuntu, imfuyo edukile kubuywa nayongediphu elilandelayo. Noma likhona ithenjana lokuthi uyayithola ngokuzayo imfuyoumfana kodwa inkinga enkulu ukwethula udaba ekhaya ngoba wazi kamhlophe ukuthiuyoyikhoth' imbenge yomile. Akathandeki kwelikaMthaniya umfanaongumthothongo nomthithimbili, oyisahluleki emfuyweni.Kwezinye izindawo 10 mkhuba wokudipha sewashabalala Lokho kwenziwangenhloso abamhlophe ngoba bebona umnotho wabomdabu usudlondlobalausuthanda ukwengamela owabo. Uma imfuyo ingasadishwa, iba umsobo wezifo beseishabalalaNoma kunjalo kufanele simtuse uhulumende ophetheyo njengamanjengoba usukwazile ukusungula umkhankaso ozolwa nale nkohlakaloeyenziwaabamhlophe ngokuthi usungule uhlelo lokuwavuselela amadiphu.Lokhu kufakazelaisihlokwana esiphume ephephandabeni "Isolezwe" lomhla ka-30 July 2004 ikhasi 2,ngaphansi kwesihlokwana esithi "Amadiphu ayeza nangakini", lapho intatheli uGuguNdlovu ibeka kanje:Umkhankaso womnyango Wezolimo Nezemvelo KwaZulu­Natal ozodIa izigidi ezingamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili(R48 million) ukuvuselela isiko lolrufuya izinkomoeliyingqayizivele ezindaweni zabantu abamnyama selihambeibanga elide kusukela kwathatha uhulumeni wentando yeningi.Lesi samba semali esizolokhu sikhishwa kancane kancanekuze kube asevuselelwe wonke amadiphu ezindawenizasemakhaya KwaZulu-Natali ubekelwe isamba semaliesiyizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye (R9 million) kuIo nyaka\77

wezimali (2003/2004). Lesi samba sizosiza ekuvuseleleniamadiphu abekade engasasebenzi ezigodini zamakhosieminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi nanhlanu ngenxayokuqembukelana kwezigodi kanye nezepolitiki. Inanilamadiphu okulindeleke ukuthi alungiswe alinganiselwaenkulungwaneni namashumi ayisithupha (1060) ukuzekunqandwe izifo ezihlasela izinkomo zizibulale zizondise futhiziziphendule izinyumbaNgaphambilini uhulumeni wobandlululo waluvala uhIelolokunikezela ngemithi yokudipha ezindaweni zabantuabanmyama Lokhu okwadala ukuthi inqwaba yemfuyoyabantu abanmyama ife ibulawa izifo. Lena kwakuyindlelauhulumeni wobandlululo ayephoqa ngayo abantu bakithiukuthi banciphise inani lemihlambi ababenayo.ldiphu lingesinye sezikhungo zoqeqesho lapho umfana ethola khona indlelayokuphatha imfuyo ngenkathi ekhula Kuyamsiza umfana ukuthi afunde izifo, akwaziukuqapha imfuyo ingaduki.Ngaphezu kwalokho kuyamsiza ukuthi azikhulise yenangokomqondo, akwazi ukuzivikela ngenkathi eqhathwa aphinde akwazi ukuzivikelanasemakhazeni ngokuthi afunde ukuphehla uzwathi.4.5 UkubophelaAsikho nasinye isidalwa esingasebenza ngendlela efanelekile nesezingeni uma insikaisiwile. Isizathu esikhulu esidala ukuthi izilwanyana nabantu bazikhandlengokusebenza ukuphoqwa umashayandawonye.IsiZulu siyakweseka lokhu laphosithi: "Isihlala ndawonye sidla anugwabu". Noma zikhona ezinye izidingoeziphoqayo ukuthi abantu basebenze kodwa esikhulu yisoesokufuna ukondlaIImzimba ukuze usebenze kahle.Emadolobheni abantu sebaphephela ezitolo umabefuna ukudla ngenxa yokuswela izindawo zokutshala Fmakhaya baphilangokuzilimela odedangendlale bamasimu ukuze bathole kudla okunomsoconokusekushaAkulula nokho ukulima la masimu ngezandla ngoba kungathatha118

isikhathi eside, yingakho besebenzisa izinkahi ukuwaIima Lo mkhubawokusebenzisa izinkomo ukulima amasimu kuthiwa ukubophela. UNene, (2003)ukuchaza kanje ukubophela:Ukubophela isiko lokusebenzisa izinkomo ikakhulukaziizinkahi ukulima amasimu ngokuthi zidonse igeja.Akukhona ukusinisa amahleza ukwenza 10 msebenzi ngakho-ke abafana badingauqeqesho olunzulu.Lolu qeqesho baluthola ngokuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkathikulinywa noma bede bephosa ihlo ngenkathi abada1a kunabo benza 10 msebenzi.Okubalulekile ukuthi izinkahi eziboshelwayo ziqeqeshwe ukuze zingahluphi umasezifakwa ijokwe. Kulukhuni futhi kungaba yingozi ukubophela izinkomoezingaqeqeshiwe ngoba ungazithola seziIimaza abantu.Kungumsebenzi wabafana ukuthi uma kuzoboshelwa balale sebezihIele ngononinaizinto ezizodingeka lapho sekuboshelwa. Abayaqikelela ukuthi amajokwe, izitilobhonazo izikeyi zimi ngononina. UNyembezi, (1992:218) usichazakanje isikeyi:Isikeyi ukhuni olubaziwe olufakwa ejokweni okuboshelwakulo isitrobho noma insimbi efakwa ejokweni.Ngenxa yokusinda kwejokwe abafana kwenye inkathi bayehIuleka ukuIifakaenkabini. ikakhulukazi uma inkabi ingaqeqeshiwe.Ngaphandle kwalokho ijokaliyasinda, lidinga umuntu omdala.Yingakbo kwaze kwavela nesisho esithi:"Ukubophela ijoka entanyeni," okuchaza ukuthi lowo muntu uthwele ubunzima.Ngenxa yalesi simo kuba abantu abadala abenza 10 msebenzi. Kodwa uma izinkomoziqeqeshiwe, abafana nabo bangazigaxa ijoka. Kungumsebenzi wabafana ukukhipha179

izinkomo esibayeni ukuze kuhlungwe lezo ezizoboshelwa. Ngenxa yokwazi kabanzingezinkabi zakubo abafana bakhetha isipani esifanele. lsipani isipaningokubambisana ngokuphelele.Kwenye inkathi uthola esipanini kukhona ezizacilenezidivile.Lokhu akusho ukuthi ezacile ayinamandla nayo ibamba elikhulu iqhazaempumelelweni yesipani. Yingakho kwaze kwavela nesaga esithi: "lboshelwa nomaizacile".Lokhu okusho ukuthi noma umncane kodwa amandla onawo ayalingananokhuluphele.Vma selifakiwe ijoka, kwafakwa negeja, kuyaye kubhekiswe amabombo emasimini.Ukuze igeja lingalimali, lithuntubezeke, kuyaye kusetshenziswe isihlibhiulmlihambisa uma amasimu ebuqamama nasekhaya.Vma amasimu eseduzanenasekhaya, igeja lilala khona emasimini.Ngenkathi amabombo ebhekiswe emasimini ekuseni abafana bayazihola bazebayofika khona emphe1andaba.Vma sekufikiwe emasimini abadala bayaye babukeisimo sendawo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi indawo ingabi nankinga, imane iqonde. Kwenyeinkatbi indawo ibe umthezuka.Vma indawo iwumthezuka, kudingeka abazolimababe nobungoti ukuyiklama le ndawo.Indawo ekulesi simo iqalwa ngezanslkwenyukwe nayo ize iyophothulwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi izilwanezingagqilazeki uma sezilima Vma indawo iqondile, kujabula nesinedolo. UJobe,(2003) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:lsuke igcagcele esokeni uma indawo iyithafa noma iqondile,ngoba uma injalo umsebenzi awubi umqansa usheshe uphelenezinkomo azigqilazeki.180

Uma sekuqaliswa ngalo mshikashika wokulima, kubakhona umfana ohamba phambiliokunguyena oziholayo, ezidonsa ngentambo.Ngemuva kwezinkabi kubakhonaomunye obambe ig~a. Umfana obamba igeja kudingeka kube umfanaosekhulakhulile, onamandla ngoba kufanele alekelele ukuthi igeja lishone phansi futhilingaphunyuki.Kubalulekile ukuthi izinkabi zihambe ngomugqa zilandelane ukuzenensimu ilimeke kable kungabibikho lapho esala khona.Lokho futhi kusiza ukuthiumfutho wezinkomo wokudonsa uqoqeke ube yinto eyodwa nomsebenzi uhambekable.Ukuze izinkabi zithole umfutho umfana ozikhuzayo uyaye acule, azikhuze ukuzifakaugqozi. Kwenye inkathi umfana engazikhuza kanje:Magalela ekude kwazwakalaMagaqa ngokhalo njengemfene yomthakathiSikhwishikhwishi esijikel' omakhelwanaDalimed' odubul' izulu.Ngaphandle kokuzikhuza kuyenzeka azibone sezitefa, zingasafuni ukudonsaugendlela, lapho usebenzisa isiswebhu ukuzithusa.Akukuble futhi akuthandekiukushaya imfuyo. Lokhu Imfakazelwa uBhengu, (2003) lapho ethi:Kuyichilo futhi kuyisihluku esingechazeke ukuba nesandlaesilula emfuyweni. Kuyazwela Immniniyo kube sengathiushaya yena uqobo. Yingakho kwavezwa isiswebhu okuthiuma usishaya eceleni kwesilwane sibe nomsindo omkhuluisilwane sethuke sicabange ukuthi uyasishaya. lsilwaneasishaywe uma kunesidingo ngempela.Tzinkabi ezithwala kanzima yilezo ezingamafolosi ngoba )'!Zona ezidonsa leziezingemuva.Uma lezi eziphambili zingasebenzi ngendlela umsebenzi uyatefa,ISI

ungahambi ngendlela.Kepha noma kunjalo kushaywa zona lezi ezingaphambili,amafolosi yize zisebenza kanzimaYingakho kwaze kwavela nesisho esithi:"Kushaywa edonsayo" okuchaza ukuthi isikhathi esiningi abantu abasebenza nzimaabahlale begxekwa ngokungasebenzi.Kwenye inkathi baze banikezwe omunyeumsebenzi ngaphezuIu.Ngenkathi ku1inywa kufanele izilwane lezi zifimdiswe u1imi IwakhonaUmasekufanele zime, azimiswa ngenkani kepha uzimisa ngokuzikhuza.Kwenye inkathiumfana engazikhuza ngokushaya ikwela lokuzimisa noma athi:Woganewu!Uma sekufanele ziqale futhi, umfana engazikhuza ngokushaya ikhwela noma athi:"Azishe"!Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ziyafundiseka nazo izinkabi zigcine sezikwazi ukulimangaphandle kokuthi kube khona oziholayo. Uma izinkabi sezikwazi ukwenza 10mkhuba, leso senzo kuthiwa ukuziphonselaUNene, (2003) usichaza kanje lesisenzo:Leli ikhono lomqeqeshi elivezwa izinkabi lapho sezikwaziukulima ziye phambili zingaholwa muntu. Umholi umaneabophe]e intambo yokuzihola ezimpondweni noma ekhandabese zizihambela.Ngenxa yokuthi 10 mshikashika uqala ekuseni, kuye kuthi uma seliphakama ilanganazo ziphunyuzwe, zikhunyulwe, zihambe ziyokweklaba ulruze zibuyise amandla182

Kwenye inkathi ziyaye ziyekwe zikhothakhothe khona Iapho emasimini.uqale 10 mshikashika mantambama uma selithanda ukupholaphola ilangaUbuyeKwenyeinkathi izinkomo ezenza 10 msebenzi ziyashintshwashintshwa ngayinye kwenyeinkathi ziphunyuzwe bese kuphinda zona lezo.Uma ilanga seliyozilahla kunina,umsebenzi wosuku usuke usuphothuliwe.lzinkabi zibe sezibhekisa amabomboekhaya Yingakho kwave1a isaga esithi: "Sezibuya namajoka", uma sebebona ukuthisekuntambama, yilowo nalowo kufaneIe asondele ngasemgodini wakhe.Ukulima amasimu kungathatha isikhathi eside kuye ngobukhulu bamasimunangokusheshisa kwabafana Ukubophela kungezinye izindlela zokukhulisa umfanaUmfana ukhula azi kamhlophe ukuthi umndeni udinga ukunakekelwa ngokuyaethunjini futhi azi nokubaluleka komhlabathi.Ukubophela nokulima ngezinkabikungumsebenzi wabafana osemqoka ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.Ngaphezu kwalokho ukulinda izinyoni zingadli amabele uma esekhahlele.Lokhubakwenza ngokuzijikijela ngamatshe nangezindwali. Kokunye baze bakhe nezichuseemasimini ukuze bethuse izinyoni, zibone sengathi ngabantu balinde amasimu kantiyugodo oIwembeswe isaka, Iwethweswa isigqoko njengomuntu.Kuyihlazo ukulalakwamasimu angalinywa abafana bekhona ekhayaKungokunye uma kukhonanezinkabi kepha behlulwelbavilaphe ukubophela bayoIima Kuyichilo ukuthiamabele adliwe izinyoni abafana bekhona ekhaya Kodwa elikhulu elokuthi amabeleadliwe izinyoni elindiwe, umfana elele kuze kuthiwe: Zawadla elindiwe!183

4.6 Ukusika amabheshu nezineneIsizwe nesizwe sehlukaniseka kalula ngemvunulo yaso namaZulu ngokunjalo.UmZulu wangempela uyaziqhayisa ngemvunulo yesiNtu.Noma-ke sekwavelaisitbikamezo esiwusikompilo lwaseNtshonalanga esesithanda ukusibekela leli sikolesiNtu kepha kuyathokozisa ukuthi sezibuya emasisweni kubantu bakithi ngobasebeyayeka ukuba amalulwane, othathekile, sebeyawathanda amasiko abo.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:172) lapho ethi:Kuyathokozisa nokho ukubona ezigodini ezimbadlwanakuleli lakithi, abantu bembethe izinto zakubo zomdabu,zibanika isigqi, isithunzi, ubuhle, igugu, neqholo. Phelaizingubo zawokhokho kwabe kungeziphambili ngak:hokonke, inani nobuhle. Lezi zingubo zazinomsebenzi othileeziwugcinayo ngaphandle kokufihla umzimba Yizona ezabezikhombisa amabanga okukhula, ngoba phela ukwembathakwengane akufani nokwetshitshi noma kwebhungu,kunomehluko futhi okweqhikiza nokwensizwa, okwenkehli,okomakoti, okwenkosikazi, nokwesalukazi. Ngokunjalonamadoda ehlukile emaxhegwini ngazo izembatho. Okunyefuthi esikufundiswa izembatho, izikhundla zalaboabembethe. lnkosi ayembathi njengenduna noma incekuyayo, kanti futhi umuntukazana akembathi njengomnumzane.Ngokunjalo izembatho ziyasitshela ukuthi Iona yinyanga,Iona isangoma, Iona ithwasa njalonjalo. Kukhona izembathoezik:hombisa abazilile, abaphume inqina, abayosinisa,abayohlasela ngisho nezintombi eziyogana noma yimuphiumk:hosi kwaZulu cishe ukuthi wawunemvunulo yawo.Imvunulo evunuia abafana, amabhungu, izinsizwa, amadoda kanye namaxheguayifani.Nemvunulo ihlukene ngemikhosi yayo, umk:hosi nomkhosi unemvunuloyawo. Imvunulo yiyona ekhomba amabanga okukhula. Ukwembatha kwenganeakufani nokwetshitshi noma kwebhungu, okweqhikiza nokwensizwa kwehlukekakhulu ngokunjalo okwenkehli nolmkamakoti nesalukazi nakho akuhambisani,amadoda namaxhegu nawo ambatha ngokwehluka184

Uma umfana ekhula uyaye afundiswe ukusika amabheshu nezinene. Kwenye inkathiakafundiswa uyaye abe neso elibukhali, abukele abadala uma besika Abafana basikaokungangamandla abongoba nakubona abadala ukusika amabheshu akukhonaokukawonkewonke, kuyisipho somntakabani.Abafana bafunda ngazo izikhumba zonogwaja, izimbila, izimpunzi, izinkawu kanyenezinsimba Abafana bayaye bafundiswe ukuthi sishukwa kanjani isikhumba Umabebambe kahle bakhula bengongoti kulo mkhakhaUNene, (2003) uphawula kanjengalokhu:Abafana bafunda ukusika amabheshu ngenkathi behlinzaamabuzi bese bethatha isikhumba uma sesomile basisike benzeamabheshwana abawagqokisa abantu babo bebumbaKuleli banga bafunda nangezilwane ezenza izinjobo nezinene zekhethelonjengobuhlala, insimba, inkoni, ububhibhi, insimango nezinye.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi umfana yena akanquni isikhathi esidenjengentombazane kepha uyise usbeshe amqopbele ibheshu esemncane, engakalusingisho namankonyane.lemvu noma lembuzi.Kutbi engakhulakhula asikelwe elempunzi noma elezinyaneNgaphandle kwalokho umfana uyoze abe qatha laphoizingqwele zizomakhela khona umncwado kakhova khona endle. Uma esephothulileesebuya entabeni usezosikelwa ibheshu lomphunzo noma lenkonyane.Ngenkathiekhula, ibanga nebanga ufunda amakhono okusika aze agcine naye esengungoti.185

Lokhu kubamba iqhaza komfana ekusikweni kwamabheshu nezinene kufundiswaumfana ukubaIuleka kokuhlabaUmfana azi karnhlophe ukubaIuleka kwemvunulonezinhlobonhlobo zazo, kuthi noma sekufika ibanga lokweshe1a avunule ngendle1aeheha izintombi ngoba insizwa evunule yaconsa ayiluthezi olunenkume ezintombini.4.7 Ukugawula izintingoKulikhono elidinga ukutuswa ukuthi umuzi wesiZulu wakhiwa kusetshenziswa izintozemve1o. OkumangaIisayo ukuthi noma ungafakwanga ozipikili nosemendebesimanje indlu yesiZulu iyakwazi ukume1ana nayo yonke inhlobo yesimo semvelo.Uma yakhiwa kudingeka izinto ezifana notshani, izintingo, itulo, izingxobo, amaxo1ookubopha izintingo njengexo1o Iocacane, umaqubashane, ingcobosi, nawenxoza.UNxumaIo noNyembezi, (1966:37) baphawula kanje ngokwakhiwa komuzi wesiZulu:Umuzi wakwaZulu wakhiwa ngesikhulu lsmono futhikucoshelelwa izinto eziningi Iapho wakhiwaWonke umuntu kwaZulu ubamba iqhaza e1ibonakaIayo 1apho kwakhiwa umUZl(inxuluma).bokufule1aAmantombazane akha amanzi abuye asize omama ukusika utshaniAbesifazane bayafule1a kanti umsebenzi omningi ubIaIa emagxaIabeniabantu besilisa bembe1a izintingo bambe nomse1e ozozungeza 1apho kuzogxunyekwakhona izintingo. Iqhaza elibanjwa abafana yi1elo lokugawula izintingo. Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:5) Iapho ethi:Ukwakha indlu kungumshikashika wabesilisa nabesifazane.Ukuze umsebenzi uhambe kaIula kumenywa ilima, kugaywe.Nabedlula ngendlela bazobona ukuthi kuyasindwa kule186

ndawo bese bebamba iqhaza nabo ukuze baphuziswe phe1aSave1a kanjalo isaga esithi: "Akudlulwa ngendlu yakhiwa"Uma kugawulwa izintingo kukhethwa uhlobo oluthize 1wezihlahla eziqini1enezingadliwa kalula umuhlwa njengecibo, uthathawe, umshashane, umthatheneminye.Abafana baphuma lImkhankaso wokuzigawula baphinde bazicije ukuzezikwazi ukungena kalula emhlabathini.Kufane1e kukhumbuleke ukuthi izintingozigawulwa kusenesikhasbana ngaphambi kokuthi kwakhiwe ngoba zidinga ukuthizomiswe bese zicwiliswa isonto noma ngaphezulu emanzini afakwe ubuthiobuzovike1a ukuthi zingadliwa umuhlwaLokhu kufakaze1wa uNyembezinoNxumalo, (1966:41) 1apho bethi:Ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe izintingo ziyaxhozwa1apho sezigawuliwe bese ziyekwa sezoma Zithi zingomazicwiliswe isonto lonke noma kweve.Izintingo yizona ezidingeka kakhulu ngoba uphahla 1wendlu 1wakhiwa ngazokusuke1a phansi.Izigxobo zisetshenziswa ekumiseni umnyango nasekumiseniizinsika nasekwakheni umshayo.Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi zihlale ziziningi,zingapheli uma sekwakhiwaLo msebenzi wokubamba iqhaza uma kugawulwa izintingo kusiza ukuhlomise1aumfana ngomuso, abone ukubaluleka kokuba nomuzi uma esemdalaKuyaziwaukuthi kwelikaMthaniya indoda engenamuzi iyisilahlwanaboyaNendoda enomuzioyifukwana sengathi yindlu kathekwane ayincomeki KwaZulu ngoba ngishoisiphakathi kwamanye amadoda ebandla ibe ilokhu idliwa isaze1a sokuthi ingufukweophuma efukwini likathekwane.187

4.8 Ukwakha isibayaUIDDumzane kwelikaMthaniya ubonakala ngemfuyo anayo. Noma seluthandaukungena ukhondolo lwemali lapho abanuIDzane sebehlonishwa ngamasentshanaabawathukuse emabhange nokho kuyatuseka ukuthi noma kunjalo, iningilisanamathele ekubalulekeni kwemfuyo njengomnotho obalulekile.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:36) lapho ethi:Namblanje abanumzane bakithi sebehlonishwa ngokubakwaziwe ukuthi banezimali ezilondolozwe emabhange, nomakumbe bafundisiwe, noma-ke banezitolo neminye imisebenzienjalo. KwaZulu kusadliwa ngoludala kwakungekho konkelokho. UmnUIDzane obesatshwa, ekhulekelwa, yilowo kuphelaobenesibaya esibonakalayo. Imfuyo kwaZulu ibiyinto enkulu.Onemfuyo eningi ubebanesiqhimuqhimu somuzi, athatheomakoti abangamashumishumi. Izwi lalowo muntu belibaumthetho. Osekushiwo nguye bekungafelwa amathe kephabekutbelelwa umquba Emihlanganweni nasezimbizweniyibona abanemfuyo eningi ebebeba ngosihlalo nezikhulumieziqavile. Konke lokhu kuyabonakalisa ngokusobala ukuthiimfuyo ibiyinto ebaluleke kangakanani, Ofuyileubebasesimeni esihle sokondla umndeni wakhe ngokudlaokunempilo; amasi nenyama Uyena futhi obebasesimweniesihle sokukhonza abaphansi ngokubahlabela Ngaphandlekwakho konke lokhu, imfuyo ibigcina konke osekugcinwaimali kulezi zikhathi. Bekukhokhelwa ngayo izinyangazokwelapha Bekulotsholelwana ngayo. Amaqhawe,izingwazi nezihlabani bezixoshiswa ngayo. Izinto zentengoephakeme bezithengwa ngemfuyo.UKrige, (1950:185) naye ushayelela isipikili kulo mbono lapho ethi:Ofall the activities which are considered the special sphere ofmen, the most important in tribal economy is certainly therearing and the care ofcattle. Cattle provide meat and amasi,the mainstay ofthe Zulu diet, as well as hides for shields andfor clothing, while the wealth of a man is always reckoned incattle, since it is with cattle that he must acquire wives forhimself and his sons and pay doctor's fees when there is illness188

inhis kraal. Such being the case, it is not surprising to find thegreatest care taken of these valuable possessions, the loss ofwhich is the greatest disaster in the eyes ofany Zulu.Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwemfuyo kubalulekile ukuthi ibe nendawo ephephile laphoizogcinwa khona.Yilesi sizathu esidala ukuthi imfuyo yakhelwe ngamatshe nomayakhelwe ngezingodo eziphiciwe noma ezithontelene.Leso sakhiwo sibizwangokuthiwa isibaya Isibaya sakhiwa mapbakatbi nezindlu ukuze bonke abantu babeneso kuso. Lokhu kwesekelwa uMsimang, (1975:06) lapho ethi:Umuzi wesiZulu bewakhiwa kanjena. Uma uqhamukangaphambili ububhekana nezimpundu ezimbili zesangolothango. Ngaphambidlana sekuyisango lesibaya. Umaweqisa amehlo phezu kwesibaya, nanso indlu ebhekene nawe,leyo yindlunkulu, iphakathi nomuzi.Kusuka endlunkulu, umuzi wesiZulu uphuma izimpondoezimbili ube isigubudu ufune ukuhlangana ngasesangweni.Uyisidingilikazi esihle esibuyile kuhle kwamaphiko okhozi.Izindlu zonke zibheke isibaya, kwathi ngemuva kwazo kwabaizibuya zokweneka imitbombo nokunye, zona ziphiciwe zabasazibayana kanti phansi zisindiwe zaba imiqengeqe. Khonangemuva belu kwakhiwe izinqolobane nezingomazokulondoloza izinto ezifana nezinkezo, izigqengele, ikhwanilokweluka nokunye okungadala amafuhlufuhlu endlini.Ukwakha isibaya kungumsebenzi wabantu besilisaIqhaza elikhulu elibanjwaabafana yilelo lokusivuselela lapho sesithanda ukukbatbala, sesiwohloka.Abafanabasebenzisa ulwazi olunzulu lwezihlahla abaluzuze ekwaluseni. Bayazazingokungan3n3zi izibJahJa ezingenza isibaya esiqinile nezilungele 10 msebenzinjengomthume. Ngenkathi benza 10 msebenzi bawenza ngaphansi kweso elibukhalilabadala ngoba isibaya siyahlonishwa ngoba siyikhaya labadala. Lokhu kufakazelwauNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:39) Iapho bethi:189

Kuthi enkabeni yesiza kwakhiwe isibaya sezinkomo. Kulesisibaya kunemigodi yopata phansi. Esibayeni futhi yilaphokukholwa ukuthi kukhona amadlozi.Abafana bayaye bambele izingxobo eziqinile zokubiya zithontelane ukuze nangengoziumuntu noma inkomo ingakwazi ukungena noma ukuphuma Uma isimbiwe imigodi,zafakwa nezigx.obo, abafana babamba elikhulu iqhaza ekugx.isheni izigx.obo ukuthiziqine, zingawi kaIula Lokhu kufakazelwa uNene, (2003) lapho ethi:IsiZulu sithi inkunzi isematholeni. Abafana kwelakithi(kwaZulu) yibona abamisa isibaya Bamba imigodi baphindebayigx.ishe ngenhlabathi kwenye inkatbi bayigx.jshenangamatshe ukuze izigx.obo zime zithi mpo futhizingaz8nyazanyiswa yilutho. Akuwona umsebenzi wokusinisaamahleza Iona kepha ukhombisa ngokusobala iqhazaelizobanjwa abafana ngomuso.Iqhaza elibanjwa abafana emisebenzini yasekhaya liyabasiza ukuthi uma sebekhulilebabe neso elinzulu ekunakekeleni imfuyo.Bayazidibhisa, bakhe izibaya, babopheleizinkomo, bafunde nolmhlinza, bazi izinhlobonhlobo zezitho nokulandela isiko laphobeblinza Bafunda ukusenga lokho kuba hlomisela ukuthi bakwazi ukuthibaumashayandawonye ngomuso.Ukubaluleka kwemvunulo nemvunulo namasikobalrufunda khona ngenkathi befunda kusika amabheshu nezinene ngokwezinga labo.190

ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU5.0 IMIKHUBAEPHATHELENE NOKUQOMISA5.1 IsingenisoUkuganwa nokugana kuyigxathu elibaluleke kakhulu empileni yomuntu.Akubalulekile nje kulowo osuke eganwa noma egana kepha kunanelwa kakhulungabazali, iziblobo nomndeni wonkana ngoba kusuke kufezekiswa inhloso yomuntuwonkana kanye nekaMvelinqangi. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMphrofethi uMosesencwadini ka Genesis 1:27-28 lapho ethi:UNkulunku1u wamdala umuntu ngomfanekiso wakhe;wamdala ngomfanekiso kaNkulunku1u; wabadala owesilisanowesifazane.UNkulunku1u wababusisa; uNkulunku1u wathi kubo: Zalani,nande, nigcwalise umhlaba, niwunqobe, nibuse phezukwezinhlanzi zolwandle, nezinyoni zezu1u, nezilwanyanaezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni.Umuntu ongaganiwe nongaganile kwelikaMthaniya akanaso isithunzi neze futhiuthathwa njengomuntu ongakhulile ngokwengqondo nangokomzimbaOwesilisanoma engaba neminyaka engakanani edla amazimba ubizwa ngomfana, ngokunjalonowesifazane ongaganile ubizwa ngentombazane noma ngomjendevu.UNyembezi,(1992:209) uwuchaza kanje umjendevu:Umjendevu owesif"zane osemdala kodwa ongabonaze ende.191

Ukungahlonipheki kowesifazane ongendile kubuye kufakazelwe uVilakazi,(1990:148) lapho beveza imikbakha yokusina ebandleni lama Nazaretha kanje:The maidens (izintombi) are distinguishable from marriedwomen, and also distinguishable from unmarried mothers.The unmarried mothers have no places in ukusina, and even inZulu culture, in general, there is no honoured place for anunmarried mother.Ngaphezu kwalokhu akahlali esithebeni sinye namakhosikazi, asike ivenge kanyenawo. Kepha uhlala namantombazane akhangezwe. Empe1eni igqabulambelekoalisiyo intombi futhi aliyena umfazi. Izintombi nabafazi bayaliphikaLokhu kuphinde kwenane1we uSibiya. (1997:88) 1apho eveza indodakazi kaGumede,uNomthandazo ijabulele ukushada nensizwa yakwaMkhwanazi kanje:Lobu budididi obungaka bubangwa ukuthi intombi yalaphaekhaya uNomthandazo iyashada namh1anje. Ishada noswahlalwensizwa yakwa Mkhwanazi. UNomthandazo naye ujabulengempela. noma lukhona uvalo phela lokuthi uya kwamfaziongemama Kodwa ubuso bakhe bulokhu bumomotheke njalo.Ingani namhlanje igama likazenda zamshiya lizohlukana naye.Phela akasemncane neze, izingane zakwabo ezimlamayosezigane zonke. Kanti futhi nontanga yabo sebamshiyakudala. Ithemba ubesa1ilahIa kudala.UMthembu, (2000:13) ushayelela isipikili kulokhu lapho eveza ngokusobalaukubaluleka kokugana nokuganwa kanje:Owesilisa noma owesifazane, kubhekeke ukuthi aganwe nomaagane uma esekhulile. Kuyichilo ukuthi owesifazane agugeleezinsisheni. Kanjalo futhi nowesilisa kuyichilo ukuthi azeabizwe ngesishimane. Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kuphumengisho odadewabo bayomfunela intombi. Uma-ke 1esi192

sigcwagcwa simlandela njalo umuntu, kushwelezwakwabaphansi bese ngemuva kwalokho indlela ibe mhIophe.Nowesilisa owehlelwe yilo mshophi naye kuba nokhondolo lwezinto angahlomulikuzo. Lokhu kunanelwa uMsimang, (1975:249) lapho ethi:Ukugana nokuganwa kungukuphelela kwalawo mabangaokukhula Ongaganiwe kakapheleli ebuntwini, ngesikoowesilisa waziwa ngokuthi ungumfana kungakhathaleki nomauseneminyaka emingaki yobudala, futhi ngeke ahIala ebandlaaphendulane namadoda ngisho angaze abe mpunga ekhandaNgaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, owesilisa uphinde athole nebhansela nomaesevakashele koyisemkhulu ngoba nabo abangasekho abamamukeli kahle,bayamcwasa. Owesilisa ofe ekulesi simo ufihlwa ngandlelana thize, enganambitheki.UMyeza, (2004) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Owesilisa ofe engaganiwe ufihlwa ekuseni, nabantwanabengatshelwa. Ufihlwa eduze nosebe lomfula ukuze umakufika izikhukhula kwenye inkatbi zimuke naye, adIiweizilwane. Uma abantwana bembuza bayaye batshelwe ukuthiumalume uyosebenza eGoli. Kuyaziwa-ke ukuthi umuntukuyenzeka adliwe izindunduma engabe esabuya eGoli.Lokhu kwenziwa ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi uzobuya abe idlozi elibi kungconoengabuyeli ekhayaLesi simo asisihle nblangothi zombili ngoba ngokwesiko lesiNtu uma umntwanaekhula kusuke kunethemba lokuthi uma kungumfana uzothathela unina umalokazanakanti uma kungowesifazane uzotholela uyise amabheka193

Uma umfana esengene ezingeni lobunsizwa usuke esebhekene nomshikashikaomkhulu wokuthi athole ithamho lakhe.Indlela eya kuleli gxathu ayilula, igcweleumeno odinga ukuhlakulwa Uma insizwa izindela ukuzamela abakubo umalokazane,nabo bagcina sebemkhumbuza ngokubaluleka kwaleli gxathu.Lokhu kufakazelwauMsimang, (1975:249) lapho ethi:Uma urnfana elokhu eyiziba eyokuthatha kanti usekhulile,wayekhunjuzwa nje ho, isalukazi simtshele ukuthi asiselutho,umfana akazibhekele ozomphekela Nekhehla nalowawungalizwa selithi: 'MDtanami sengikhulile, sengizoyakoyihlomkhulu, ngakho bengingathandi ukuba ngikushiyengingakakwakheli umuzi.' Ngokunjalo amadodakaziayephekwa ngembiza encane, kungafuneki agugeleezinsisheni.Inye vo indlela insizwa ethola ngayo uSofasilahlane wayo, leyo ndlela ibizwangokuthiwa ukuqomisa Lesi senzo asilula nokho ngoba sidinga ubuhlakani nobucikoobuyisimangaliso.Insizwa kwaZulu ayimane ihone intombi ixoxisane nayo, nayoibisivumela phezulu. Kodwa kuba umshikashika ongathatha iminyaka nayo intombiisaziqhenya ngobuntombi bayo.Noma ngabe nayo izifela kangakanani ngaleyonsizwa, iyozibamba kuze kufike isikhathi esifanele.lmvamisa kuba iqhikiza elinikaintombi leyo umhlahlandlela Lokhu kufakazelwa uMasondo, (1940:27) lapho ethi:Amaqhikiza abeba nendawana, mhlawwnbe emifuleni, laphaabethi nxa esesibona ukuthi sesiside isikhathi amatshitshiengaziphenduli izinsizwa, abesewabizela khona, ewajubaukuthi mawazikhulumise izesheli zawo manje.Nangaphandle kokujutshwa intombi evumela phezulu isuke ikhombisa ukubanesimilo esixegayo. Kulichi10 lapha kwelikaMthanyiwa ukubona intombi yenza lesisagaNoma uthando lungayishisa kangakanani kepha iyazithiba isikhathi impela194

ukuze ikhombise insizwa leyo ukuthi iyaziqhenya ngobuntombi bayo.UNyembezi,(1983:206) uyakuveza lokhu lapho eveza uJabulile ezibamba isimilo engafuniukusheshe akhulule uVusi noma wayesemaze iminyaka futhi bakhula naye kanje:-Noma uJabulile wayengakulindele ukuthi uVusiangamkhulumisa kanje, kodwa akexwayanga ngobakwakungumuntu abakhule naye emqonda kabJe. KodwauJabulile wabona kufanele ukuba agcine isiko lezintombiezizihloniphayo angasheshe avume kube sengathi uthingibonwa yini. Walokhu esho lokhu esho lokhu engavumiukuphuma nezwi. Kwakumnandi kuye ukuzwa uVusi ekhiphaamagama obuciko nobuhlakani ezama ukuthambisa inhJiziyoesikade yathambaEsinye isizathu sokungavumeli phezulu ukuzipha isikhathi sokufunda kabanzingensizwa leyo.Lokhu kufakazelwa uNtuJi, (1999:33) lapho eveza uThulisiweephawula ngesimilo sesesheli sakhe uHlanganani kanje:Ngaqala ukumazi kangcono-ke manje uHlanganani. Yinsizwaenesithunzi. Uyablonipha Uma ekhuzwa uyakhuzekaLokhu abakubona kunjengegqajo, amahloni. Kodwa uyakwaziukuncoma okungenahaba uma kuncomeka "0, kanti minangadla ngokwakheka nje. ffiabla?" Ngangilinqamula kanjaloigama lakho, ngibone ukuthi uphatheka kabJe. Ngobabaningana onobuhle abanged1ula le kude?"lusizwa nayo ayimane ibhozomele noma iyiphi intombi kepha iyaye icubungulisiseibheke leyo enesimilo esihle nezothokozelwa abazali. lmvamisa abantu abadala babaneso ekuziphatheni kwabantwana ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zamantombazane.Kwenye inkathi ungabathola begigiyela besho ukuthi umntwana wakwabaniusukasambe wentombi eziphethe kabJe.Bakuveze nokuthi engathokoza uma angaseabe umalokazane.Lokhu Imfakazekwa uDamane, (1987:41) lapho eveza khonauZabantu noMaMwelase bebanga uPhumJa intokazi kaMaZwane kanje:195

Cha phela Zabantu, isikhathi sisekhona, llZoyetshisa lendabauMaZwane, abesebona okufanele akwenze. Thina besimcelanje ukuthi aseboleke intombi yethu lena ihambe nathi. Phelaakekho onezwi lesolo njengoPhumla lapha esontweni, wenaZabantu. Kunanela uMaMwelase.Iyasho phela bo ingane kaKbumalo ngezwi layo ntombi, ngizengithi kazi uyosebenza nini uDumisani atbathe le ngane.Uyazi, ngimlchonze kabi uPhumla, MaZwane. KuphawulauZabantu ngezwi elipholile. Habe, Zabantu, kanti uhleli njeugaqele umakoti wakwami? Kubuza uMaMwelase emangele.Hha, MaMwelase, uPhumla Iona ngaziqokela yena kudala,esandakuzalwa. Ngangiyobona uMaZwane esibhedlelaeyoteta. Ngathi uma ngizwa ukutbi utete intombazane, ngathiumakoti wakwami loyo. Akunjalo MaZwane?Kunjalo Zabantu. Kodwa bengingathi nikhuluma eyokuhamba... Senikhuluma ngendaba yokugana kwengane yayizolo lena... Hhayi, kahleni makbosikazi. Kukbuza uMaZwane.Ngokunjalo nezinsizwa ziba neso ekukbuleni kwezintombi.lntombi enesimiloengewona uthathekile, ivamise ukulangazelelwa abaningi. lzesheli zibanga zibangilezifuna le mbali enompe olnmnandi. UNtuli noMakbambeni, (1998:144) bayakwesekalokhu lapho beveza khona uMakhosini elobela uNomanzi incwadi ezibika kanje:Nomanzi sengikhulile sengifanele ukuganwa Kadengakwazi usafunda isikole samantombazane. Kade ngibuzakwabakufundisayo ukuthi uyintombazane enjani, nakubantubonke abakwaziyo izwi labo elokutusa kuphela. Ngibuzanjalo ngoba isifiso sami ukuthola umfazi oyintombi yoqobo,onesimilo esihle. Bonke bathi awuzange uqome umfana.Amazwi owawathembisa umfundisi wakho ukutbi awusozewayazi indoda lmgakashadj wawagcina. llokhu osekuboleinhliziyo yami ukuba ngikuthande kangaka, kunjenginethemba ukutbi uzongivuma.Lokhu kuphindwe kwesekwe uDamane, (1987:33) lapho eveza abangani abakhuluuMango noLodi bexoxa ngoPhumla kanje:196

Cha, mfo kaZondi, uma ukhuluma ngesimilo salentombazane,nami ngiyasitbanda Ukuba nje angizange ngizifake laphakwaNgobese, ngabe nami ngazama ulruzibika kuPhumlaAhIeke. Hhayi, kodwa ngeke afike kuMaNgobese, umakotiwami madoda Phela muhle uBusisiwe, Lodi. Kanti nesimilounaso.Cha nsizwa, ngivumelana nawe kulokho. Ulanga phumasikothe phela umntakaNgobese. Kanti namehlo akanawo.Nangu ilokhu ebambelele kuwe sengathi ubanjwe inomfi.Bahleke haze babambane ngezandla Kukhale insimbi,baqonde emak.lasini.Isuke igcagcele esokeni kubazali nezihlobo uma umntwana ehlelwe yile manayokllthatha noma yokuthathwa Izihlathi zivakashela izindlebe ngenxa yenjabulo umaumntwana ehlelwe yile nhIanhlaIntokozo iphindwa kaningana uma abaganenebaziwa ngabazali.Angiphathi-ke uma umfana ezalwa umacaphunakusale abazalinezihlobo bathokoza kuze kweve.UMhlongo, (2003) ubeka kanje ngokubalulekakokukhetha intombi enesimilo:Ndodana, khumbula ukuthi ikhiwane elihle ligcwalaizimpethu. Ngakho-ke uma ukhetha intombi ungaluthwaubuhle bayo, kepha qikelela kakhulu isimilo sayo ngobayisona esiwumgogodla wokwakha ikhaya eliphusile.UXulu, (1994:01) uyakuveza ukubaluleka kokugana ernzini owaziwayo, odlaizambane likampondo, lapho eveza uMathikalala ephoqa uKoto ukuthi aqomeuMagqubu kanje:(UKoto uxoxa noMathikalala, iqhildza lezintombizakwaSaJabenaba. Basendlini yamantombazane.)Mathikalala· (Esho ngofa4Utheka.) Sewuze wagcina utheningoMagqubu wasoSongweni weKoto? (Athule197

nje uKoto.) NgikhuIuma nawe ngithi uthiningofahlasi IwasoSongweni na?Koto: (Ubheke phansi.) Angisho lutho. Ingani uyazi njedadewethu omkhuIu ukuthi mina angimthandi.Mathikalala: He! He! He! Uthanda bani? (AngaphenduliuKoto.) Ngiyabuza? Ungayeka insizwa eI\ienasiyazi sonke futhi izalwa wunIDllmzane odlaasuthe, owaziwayo endaweni, uShiyabekhala,ngabe uqondeni nje?Noma-ke kungabanganjalo uma umfana esevelile, wawuhlonipha umUZlwODlDllmzane nakho lokho kusale sekuthokozelwaLokhu kufakazelwa uGcurnisanoKheswa, (1996:08) lapho beveza khona uNgcolosi nomkakhe bekhathazekiIengokuthola isizumbuIu semali abangasazi eposini kepha abasoIa ukuthi mhlawumbengabe ivela kumkhwenyana wendodakazi yabo kanje:UNtombini bekwaneIe esithumeIeIa 1010 badlana abedamaneesithumeIeIa Iona Bekufanele athi uma ezibona esekhuIiIeaqome njengezingane zendawo zonke. Aqome umfanawendawo ozalwa umnurnzane owaziwayo onesibaya, owaziinhlonipho yokuceIwa kwentombi YODlDllrnzane. KushouBhengu eshutheka imvilophu enemali ekhukhwini abeIokhuekhuIuma eyiphethe. Nanxa ayekhuIuma abuthe intshweqaebunzini kodwa uma esathuIe eIaleIe umkakbe ephawuIawayebonakaIa ukuthi Iesi samba semali esingaka simjabuIisaekujuIeni kwenhliziyo uBhengu. UMaNzuza-ke yenaokwakhe ukujabuIa kwakubhalwe ngisho ebusweni kuye.Kwakumesasisa kokubili ukunotha kwabo nokuganakwendodakazi yabo.Uma umuntu eseziqokeIe afuna ukuba abe yithambo Iethambo Iakhe, akabe esafunakupbazanyiswa muntu. Uthando luyisilwane esingechazeke. Lubopha ababili babemunye, kube wubibi bobunye nobunye bobubili. Lana lube yintambokamdonsiswana, esonga irnindeni emibili ube munye. UMkhize, encwadinikaMsimang, (1988:242) enkondlweni yakhe ethi., "uthando" uIuchaza kanje uthando:198

UMkhize yena wagiya ezithendeni zikaMade. Injongo kuseyiyobelu yokuphonsa itshe esivivaneni sezinkondlo ezichazaubunjalo bothando. lmpela abantu babuka ngokubukaOwaseMbo yena ubona ububle bodwa. Yena ubona uthandoluyisimangaliso, lujulile, luqinile kuble kwentambo yosingaUlubona luyisimbelambela, into engaguquki, engapheli. Asazinokho ngoba abanamubla bathi okungapheli kuyablola Nokhokasinendaba nabo, sinendaba nokushiwo yile mbongingothando:Yintoni lena bakithiEjulise okwesiziba sizonzobele?Ayibonwa ngamehlo bakithi,Iyinqaba okwesidumbu sileleIzazi nezihlakaniphi zehlulekileAziyiboni ...Uthando luyintambo elukhuni,Ayigqashuki ngisho idonsiwe,Ibopha izithandani okwezinkuni,Bahlangane babe munye.Ilanga lingawa phezuluZisale izithandani zombiliIzintaba zingadilikela phansi,Zimboze zigcwalise izigodi zonke,Uthando Iona luzimelele phansiBabuye baluchaze bathi aluboni, alubambeki futhi alunambalaNoma lunalezi ziciezibaliwe, lungaboni lunjalo luxabanisa zona izithandani uqobo ngenxa yesikhwele.Ngisho nabantwana bokhalo lunye bayabulalana ngenxa yalo. URadebe, (1993:38)ukucacisa bha lapho eveza abantwana bakwaMntungwa, uSidlova noMhawukelibebanga intombi eWIIIDzala wabo uNomgobhozi kanje:Ngenzenjani mama, phela uSidlova ugweva noNomgobhozi,angeke ngisakwazi nokumtshela ukuthi ngiyamthandaKungcono-ke uma ngingeke ngimbone nsukuzonke, njalo umangimbona ngizwa ngiblatshwa ngumkhonto enhliziyweni.199

Hhayi ngoba ngirnzonda kepha ngifike1wa yinzondo ngobakungengisize ngalutho ukumtshela ukuthi ngiyamthanda lokhuuSidlova usengibambele phambili. NgoMsombulukongiyahamba, sengizohlala emagcekeni ekholishi nsukuzoukeMama, ungangincengi ngoba angeke ngincengeke. Lobubublungu engibuzwayo ngokubona umuntu engimthandayongingeze ngenza lutho nokho sebevile ezingeni umuntuangalimela5.2 Izingqinamba eziphathelene noknqomisaUkuqomisa lokhu kungumsbikasbika uqobo lwawo ngoba noma insizwa isiyibonileintombi efa ngayo, ibhekana nezingqinamba eziningi.Eyokuqala kungaba ukuthikwayona inomnqantula Ukuba nomnqantula yindlela eqondile eya ekubeni insizwaibe wuvukuvale wesisbimane. Lokho okusbo ukuthi ayinalo ikhono lokubeka amazwiabe mnandi, akitazayo nanembayo entombini. UBhengu, (1965:08) uyakuveza lokhulapho uNyambose ecobelela uNgqamuzana umfo kaNdolozane ngamasu obusokakanje:Yebo ntanga, akukho okwahlula amadoda Ake ungifahlazelengizwe. Ngasbo ngomoya owawubonisa umdlandlaCha mfo kaNosizila; ngibhobosa isifuba sami kuwena ngobangikwethemba, futhi uyisoka Ngalenkathi ngema ngambukaemehlweni, ibunzi lakhe laguquka, wakhwantabala,wacubhuka kwabasengathi lwalulukhulu udaba ayeza nalo.Waqhuba wathi: Sengikhathele ukukhohliswa izinyanga zithizinginika imithi yezintombi, kanti zinginika imfukunyane nje.Manje wethu, naliya ijongosi lakwaMzobe, leliyaeliyididisbolo, elithe chwa isichumo ekhandase1ingishiki1isile wethu. Ngithi-ke mfo kaNosizila akeungithungise nansi injobo. Yakhuluma insizwa yazeyabunakuble kwembune ikhambi lezinsizwa Sasimi sixoxa, ngabonaukuthi umfo kaNdolozana wayekhuluma nje ehluphekileimpela, uma ngangingase ngingamgqashuleli ikhambilokuphengula 1010 lusizi ayephezu kwalo wayengangizonda200

Ngathi: Yebo wethu, ngiyakuzwa ukukhala kwakho. Nokhokesizobuye siluxoxe lolu daba lwakho ngik:ucebise amaqhingaokuphume1ela.Cha wethu, angifuni amaqhinga, ngifuna ungicobele1e ngo ­Hhayi mfo kaNdolozana! Indaba isemaqhingeni nasolirninioluswabukileyo. Awukho umutbi wezintombi, kade kushowena khona manje.Ukhona umuthi mfo kaNosizila.emehlweni ngibhekile njengempatha.engibuka ngamehlo ayegcwe1e usizi.Musa ukungibambaWasho uNgqamuzanaCha bo! Wethu ngiyagcizelela ngithi indaba isolirniniolungenamnqantu1a. Asiluyeke lolu daba ngoba nak ­Wangiphazamisa ngingakaligcini.Cha wethu, ake silucubungule lolu daba ngoba uyangiphica.Inhliziyo yami ibuhlungu kabi. Ngicabanga ngingaqedingaleli jongosi lakwaMzobe. Vma ungase ungisize mfokaNosizila ngiyizuze lentombi, angisoze ngakukhohlwa ­ngiyokubonga ngokukhulu. Wakhuluma waze wandwazaokomuntu edle umthunzi wezinkukhu. Ngambona ukuthiwayegajwe uthando lwentombi; wayengasafuni nokungizwa,esenentamo elukhuni njengentamo yehhashi lenqaba ukuphuzaamanzi.Ngathi kuyena: Wethu ungakatbazeki enh1iziyweni yakho,intombi izokuqoma nje uma sesike sahlala phansi sacebisana.Futhi amazwI ayo insizwa akayihileli intombi.Intombi ayineliseki ukubukekakwensizwa ngaphandle kuphela kepha kufanele ibe nomqondo okha1iphile.Ukukha1ipha kuvela ngamazwi anobuh1akani okwazi ukuhilela ngayo intombi igcineingasakwazi ukuthi izophendula itbini. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMasondo, (1940:27)lapho etbi:Nanxa esewajubile amaqhikiza, amatshitshi abengawakhulumiamazwj amaniugi, ngaphandle kokutbi, "Ngiyeke wenamfokazi ho, angikuthandi." lsho sengathi ithukutbele, kantiiyazenzisa nje. Insizwa nayo ikubonakalise ulmhlakauiphakwayo lapho iyiphendule intombi, kuse kutbi nge. Vmaiyisinothongwana sensizwa, ibisiyesaba njalo ukuyoshela,201

ngoba intombi ifika imkhulumise kabana, imdlavuze-njengoba ingamncengi.Eyesibili ingqinamba ukuba nyamanambana emaqhikizeni.Kufanele sikhumbuleukuthi amatshitshi awalokotbi akhulumise izesheli uma engakajutshwa amaqhiki7JlUma engakajutshwa awatbi vu ezeshelini, amane aphenduke izimungulu mbumbuluazibuke nje izinsizwa engazikbulumisi. SaveIa kanjalo isaga esitbi: "EphenduIa isokaisuke isizoqoma"Insizwa ewnmakade ebona futhi ephusiIe ekhanda imane ifundekwezayo ukutbi umntanomuntu akakanikezwa igunya lokukhuluma nezesheli. Nomakunjalo, insizwa ekhaliphiIe ayidikibali bese ijokola, iyabeleseIa ngoba angeke yanmhlazane itshitshi IeIo selivulwe wnlomo.Yeshele1a phezu kwenkolelo yokutbiamazwi arototi ayoyigoqoza ayibulaIeIe okhukhweni Iwayo kumbe embhedeni wayointombi leyo. UMasondo, (1940:27) uyakweseka lokhu lapho etbi:Kwabekutbi nxa insizwa iyoqomisa etshitshini, ifikeilikhuIumise lithuIe-nje lingayiphenduli nempeIa, ngobaamaqhikiza aliphetheyo elitsheliIe ukuthi lingaze lakuIokothaukuyiphendula insizwa eyeshelayo, uma ingakajutshwa.Insizwa ibiyesheIa uma izintombi zingekho ekhaya,mhlawumbe nxa ziyokha amanzi noma ziyotheza.Ibiyathe insizwa iyalivimbela itshitshi itbi lizoyiphenduIa,phinde, lithule-nje lale, noma itbi ilibamba kaIukhunilizithuIeIe-nje, ize iqede ijokole iqonde ekhaya.Amaqhikiza abeba nendawana, mhlawumbe emfuIeni, Iaphaabetbi nxa esesibona ukuthi sesiside isikhathi amatshitshiengaziphendu1i izinsizwa, abesewabizela khona, ewajubaukuthi mawazikhuIumise izesheli zawo manje.Noma ingasha amashushu kangakanani intombi leyo ngensizwa izwi lokugcinaihlx>nisana neqhikizaIqhikiz8 linamandIa okugudluza isinqumo esesicatshangweintombi ngensizwa. Imvamisa izintombi ziziqokela zona amasoka. KubaIuIekiIeukuthi uma uyisesheli ube amathe nolimi neqhikiz8 ukuze lingakunyundeli.Lokhu202

kuvezwa kahle uXulu, (1994:27-28) 1apho eveza iqhikiza IwakwaSalabenabauMathikalala lingafuni nakuyizwa indaba yokuthi uKoto aqome uMhalaza insizwayaseNhlambeni kepha lifuna uMagqubu waseSongweni kanje:Mathikalala- Uyahlanya uma esho njalo. Kudala uKotongamkhulula, yena wabona ukuthi ngisangene. Akekho-keumuntu okhululwa kuze kube kabili.Mjujo: Asikhumbuli-ke nokho. Konje wamkhulula ngobawayesefuna ukuyaphi?Mathikalala: Akudingi ukuthi umuntu aze afune ukuya kuphi.Uma nje mina njengeqhikiza sengimbona umntanensizwaukuthi kudala ephatheke kabi ehamba indlela eyodwa, kuhlengitshele intombi yakwethu leyo ukuthi isikhululekileisingamkhipha osizini. UKoto-ke ngathi mina akakhululeuMagqubu wasoSongweni osizini. Naye uwufakazi walokho.Sengiyamangala-ke futhi uma senithi angikhulule uKoto.Usefile yini uMagqubu?Qondeni: UKoto akahlanganise lutho nje noMagqubu. Nomangabe ukhona noma ngabe ufile. Kudala uKoto ebikadadewethu omkhulu ukuthi akamfuni uMagqubu. Ngeke futhiaze amqome nanini. Pho-ke kungasiza ngani ukulokhuubelesele umuntu ngento angayifuni ngoba nje emncane?Kuhle uKoto aye lapho ethanda khona, akhombekwanhliziyongise. Sonke nje siqome amasoka esiwezwangaphakathi futhi esiziqhenyayo ngawo, ngoba siwathandaMathikalala: (Useyasola ukuthi kanti indaba ikuphi) Laphaemzini kababa uma kuseyimi iqhikiza akekho umuntuozokwenza lImathanda Uma sengikhulumile, sengikhulumilefuthi ngiqedile angikwazi ukukhuluma into eyodwa kuze kubephakade mina. Uma ningasafuni kugcine izwi !ami qokanielenu iqhikiza bese ningibulala emveni kwalokho. Niyezwa?Ngaphandle kwakho konke osekubaliwe, okunye okuthandwa kakhulu izintombiukuthola insizwa eyigagu ekusineni.Kujwayelekile ukuthi uma umuntu eyigaguagcine esegixabezwe ngezikhundla zobuholi.induna noma inkosi igunya lokuhola izinsizwa.Ezinye izinsizwa kumbe inikezweUma kuphunywe udwendwe noma203

kunecece izinsizwa yilapho zikhipha khona unyawo ezintombini nasezimbanginizidlisela. Lokhu kufakazelwa uXulu, (1994:07) lapho eveza izinsizwa zasoSongweniuMagqubu, uQithi, bexoxa kade bephuma emsindweni wakwaMkhwanazi kanje:Magqubu: Wewu! Bafowethu sibusile kwaMkhwanazi. Futhiumuntu ngabe unomona nje uma engathi kukhona akhalangakho. Phela uMkhwanazi uyikhiphile inyamaMpondo: Kunjalo khona. Yindoda leyaya.ubezihlabele ebusisa umuzi wakhe kodwawudwendwe. Angiyazi leya nto.Noma njebekungathiQithi: Yebo! lzintombi nje ebeziyindlala.Magqubu: Awazi yini ukuthi izintombi aziyi emicimbinienjena? Uma ufuna izintombi ubokuya ememulweninasejadwini kanye nasodwendweni. Lapho zisuke zibuthwaphela. 1bina masoka nje asicushwa ngomemulo. Sihlalasikhona futhi sidlisela.Qithi: Awu! Ngiyabona. Uyisoka layiphi konje Mshazi?Sengathi ngithanda ukukhohlwa impela. (Esho embukangokumeba).Magqubu: (Ukhipha amehlo ngaphandle) Wongibuza kuKotowakwaSa1abenaba. Ungazi kahle futhi lapho ehamba khonauyazi ukuthi kukhona insizwa yasoSongweni.Umagqub' ogadle kom' imifulaUmkhahleli wengane kaPeteza yakhal' ekhwanini.Yimilowo.Ukuba nekhono lokulwa ngeminye yemiyezane ethanda ukunikeza insizwa amaphuzuathe xaxa uma isiphonsa amazwana entombini.lzintombi aziyifuni insizwa engekeikwazi ukuyivikela uma bethuke behlaselwa izitha.Ngokunjalo futhi aziyifuniinsizwa engadlali. iqhathwe noma kunemicimbi. Inhliziyo yentombi iyagxumagxumauma isoka Iayo lihlabana emdlalweni.Lokhu Imblabana kungavuleJa amasangookuba izinduna nazo zibe neso elihle kuleyo nsizwa ekhombisa ikhono, ziyigixabezangesikhundlana. UBhengu, (1965:4) uyakuveza ukubaluleka kobuqhawe lapho eveza204

khona uNyambose eseqonywe ijongosi 1akwaMdunge emva kokubhuquzisa umfowase Mayezeni kanje:Ijongosi 1eliya 1akwaMdunge Iagcina ngokungiqomaKwahlaluka ukuthi lancanywa ukubhuquzisa kwami Iowamfokazana saweMayezeni. Leso senzo sangikhumbuzaamaxoxo esalukazi esingukhulu sithi samgana njeubabamkhulu ngoba sasincanywa ubuqhawe bakhe.Ingqinamba enkulu kunazo zonke eyenza insizwa ihlale imi ngamanzonzwaneentombini izimbangi. IsiZulu sithi: "Akukho soka Iadla kahle imbangi ikhala" Lesisaga sisho ukuthi noma intombi ingakuthanda igcine ikuqomile kodwa nezimbanginazo azizibeki phansi, ziyaqhubeka nokweshe1a Ukuze insizwa ithandeke entombiniminingana imikhutshana eyenziwayo ukuze ibe nogazi. lnsizwa ingageza ngobulawu,isebenzise izigqabo nezimonyo.intombi kwenye inkathi iyithwale.Uma ihluleka 1apho ingayiphonsa nokuyiphonsaMiningana nemikhutshana eyaye yenziwe umaizinsizwa zihlangana nezintombi noma zifuna ukuqomisaIzinsizwa ziyakhuzeIa,zibuze kuqala izibongo zezintombi nokuthi sezak.homba phi, ziceIe ukuthi izintombizishiki1e kwenye inkathi zishaye inyoka endle1eni.5.3 lmikhutshana ephathelene nolruqomisaIzintombi kwelikaMthaniya ziyaziqhayisa ziphinde ziziqhenye ngobuntombi bazo.Intombi noma yazi kamhlophe ukuthi iyogcinela kwamfazi ongemama kodwa nomakunjalo ayimane ithi ingathola isesheli ibe uthathekile, ivume1e phezulu.Lokhokungasho ukuthi 1eyo ntombi ixegeIwa isimilo.Nesoka eliyesheIe isikhathi esideintombi, izabalaza liyaziqhenya ngoba lisuke Iazi ukuthi Ieyo inkomba yesimiloesihle. Lokhu knfakazeIwa uMsimang, (1975:224) 1apho ethi:205

Lo mshikashika wokuqomisa wawuqhubeka amasonto,izinyanga, kanti kokunye kuze kuphele iminyaka ethile.Intombi eyeshelwe isikhathi eside yayenza ukuba isoka layoliziqhenye ngayo kanti esheshe yaqoma kwakuthiwa ilula,ayinasimilo. Okunye okwakwenza ukuba kuphele iminyakakulo kweshe1we intombi kepha ingaqomi ukuthi izimbangi lezizazike ziyisukele intombi kanti ayikajutshwa nakujutshwaAmabanga okukhula abalulekile kakhulu esizweni sikaPhunga noMagebaIntombiayilokothi iqome ingakajutshwa noma ngabe isithanda kangakanani. Izothiingajutshwa izinsizwa ziyigasele ubuthaphuthaphu wena owabona izinyosizibunganyela imbali. Ngenxa yokugajwa uthando nokubalekela izimbangi kuyenzekaizinsizwa ziyibhozomele ingakajutshwa intombi. Inhloso yalokhu ukucubuzaamagabade ukuze kuthi uma sekufika isikhathi, ibe isiyazi ukuthi izoqoma bani.UMsimang, (1975:231) uyakwesekalokhu lapho ethi:Ngishilo ngathi kwakuze kuphele kokunye iminyaka intombiyeshelwa kepha ingaqomi. Lokho kwakwenziwa ngobaizinsizwa zazinele ziyithande intombi bese ziyeshela ngishoingakajutshwa Phela zazizilungiselela, zenzela ukuba kuthimhla ijutshwa ibe isilazi okuyilona bele ezolidlaNgenxa yalesi simo kuyacaca ukuthi intombi iba nezesheli eziningi.Lesi simosiyayiphoqa insizwa ukuthi ibe nogazi, ithandeke, ingabi nesigcwagcwa entombiniuma ifuna ukudla umhlanganiso.Ukwakha ugazi kudingeka insizwa ukuthiisebenzise amakhathakhatha afana nokusebenzisa ubulawu, amakhubalo, izimonyokwenye inkathi nezigqabo imbala206

5.3.1 Ukusebenzisa ubulawuWonke umuntu othanda ukuthandeka emphakatbini uyabusebenzisa.Ubulawubusetshenziswa abantu abadala, izintombi kanye nezinsizwaUbulawu busizaukuqeda isidina, izinduna nomsanka imbala UMsimang, (1975:322) ubuchaza kanjeubulawu:Ubulawu umuthi wokuphalaza onamandla okugeza igazi,ukhipha izindenda esifubeni umuntu aphile kahle isifubasingacinani, ubuye futhi ukhiphe inyongo nesidina kumuntu,igazi lak:he 1ikIase athandeke abe newozawoza Nanxaubulawu buligugu lezesheli, amabhungu, izintombi, namasoka,nabadala nabo bayabusebenzisa ubulawu ukuze bahlalebephila kable futbi benesasasa.UBryant, (1949:564) naye uphonsa itshe esivivaneni ngokubeka kanje ngobulawu:But if his protestations proved of no avail, what then? Henever threw up the sponge, but had immediate recourse to themore powerful, if less amiable, means of artifice. And the"art" he employed was the science of magic. This particularbranch of the magical science was termed "ubulawu". In itssimplest form this "ubulawu" consisted of certain medicinessupposedly possessing suitable powers. Of these, the Zuluyouths possessed a whole pharmacopoeia, mostly emitics andmainly herbal. So the arninous youth proceed to wash himselfintemally with, for example, an infusion ofuMaguqu roots, tomake him "feel nice", others ofthe uQume to make him "looklovable" those of the iPopomo, to bring him good luck andthose ofuNginakile, to make her to dream ofhim at nights.Okufanele kuthokozelwe ukuthi ubulawu akuwona umuthi ohlobene nobubinjengokuthakatba kepha yikhambi lokuzilungisa ukuthi umuntu athandeke abenewozawozaLokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu, (1965:7) lapho eveza khona umfokaNyambose uShiyabantu ezincoma ethi:207

Ukuqonywa kwami yijongosi lakwaMdunge kwangimilisaamaphiko, ngaphaphazela njengehobhe. Ukugingqa kwamiumfo waseMayezeni kwangimilisa umdlwenga ngabanjengeNgonyama Izintombi zazingiqoma ubuthaphuthaphu,engasengiyithandile ngayiqoka yayingangali. Iningi lowethulaselingidlinzela ukuthi ngangisebenzisa izigqabo, nezimonyozokuthambisa izintombi. Lowo mcabango wawungamangangoba ngangingayisebenzisi imithi, ngaphandle kobulawuobumhlophe benhlanhla undleJazimhlophe.UBhengu, (2003) uphawula kanje ngobulawu:Ubulawu buhlukene imikhakha emibili, kukhona obubomvunobumhlophe. Obubomvu yibona obusiphula isifo nezingxabokanti obumhlophe obokucofiya noma ukupholisha umsebenziowenziwe obubomvu.UMyeza, (2003) yena uphawula kanje ngobulawu:Ubulawu bunye VO, obumhlophe kuphela Kunokudidekakubantu bathatha amakhubalo bathi ubulawu obubomvu.NgokukaMyeza, (2003) uthi ngaphambi kokuba insizwa igeze ngobulawu obubomvukufanele iqale isebenzise amakhubalo.Inhlosonqangi yanoma yiliphi ikhubaloukukhulula Iowa olisebenzisayo esimweni esithile.Uma insizwa noma ibhunguisebenzisa amakhubalo isuke ifuna ukuzikhulula ebushimaneni.Amakhubalo alandelayo iwona asetshenziswayo ukukhipha isidina, isigcwagcwanomsankaUmphumeleli ukuze insizwa iphumelele esicelweni sayo entombini,intolwane yokuhlanza igazi, umkhanyakude ukuze insizwa ithandeke, umganuulmhJanza ingaphakathi, ungwavuma wenza intombi izothe kanye nomusa owenzaintombi ibe nomusa ikuzwele.lntolwane yona ibuye isebenze yodwana ukwenza208

imbiza yokublanza ingapbalrntbi.La makhubalo insizwa ivuka iphalaze ngawoentatbakusa zingakavuki izimbangi, igqume ekuseni nantambama iphinde igeze futhingawo.La makhubalo insizwa ingawasebenzisa isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili.UMyeza,(2003) uphawula kanje ngokusetshenziswa kwamakbubalo:Amakhubalo awanabungozi obutheni uma uwasebenzisekwaze kwadlula izinsuku obekelwe zona kodwa ubungoziobukhona yilapho uwasebenzisa izinsuku ezingaphansi ngobaawangeni agxile egazini, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wawo awubinazithelo.Uma insizwa isiwasebenzisile amakbubalo ibisidlulela ebulawini obumhlophe. LobuoOOkumgeza ukuthi athandeke.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi noma yimuphiumuthi ongena ekhaya ngenhloso yoknhlanza impilo uyaye ubikwe kwabangasekhoukuthi bawamukele, bawuvumele ukuthi usebenze ngendlela UMyeza. (2003)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Umnzi noma ngabe okabani awuphethwe abaphilayo kephawenganyelwe abangasekho kanye nezimpilo zabo. Ngakhokeuma kukhona umcimbi noma owaluhloOO lunibayabikelwa Kanjalo noma kukhona amakhathakbathanakufanele athulwe kuzo izinyanya ukuze ziwabusise ukuthiasebenze ngendlelaUbulawu kanye namakbubalo kubekwa emsamo endaweni ehloniphekile laphobungezukwenganywa khona abangafanele ikakhulukazi abesifazane.Kuyenzekaabanye babubeke osebeni lomfula lapho bugcina sebuphuzwe imambaInsizwaesebenzise 1000 bulawu iba nesithunzi kepha ithandeke.Kuyenzeka futhi bubekweezaleni lapho insizwa iyaye ibusebenzise kuze kuchayeke phansi kuze kuphume209

inyoka (inkambaphansi) izobuphuza.Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthi lobu bulawubuthakwe kahle fu1hi busebenza kahle. Ubulawu obuhambisaoa nezinyokaobasemaMpondweni kanye nasemaBhaceni.Uma busetshenziswa ngowesifazanekwenza izinto zimhambele kahle kepha abantwaoa bakhe besilisa bayafa umaengabasusaoga wayobabhacisa kweminye imizi.Okunye wukuthi le nkambaphansiebizwa ngomamlambo iyishaya iyiqothule imfuyo phakathi kwekhaya. Kuyelulekwanje-ke ukuba kusetshenziswe ubulawu, hhayi izinyamazane.Imithi esetshenziswa ebulawini ayifani. Ukwehlukana kwayo kuhambelaoanokusebenza kwayo nenjongo yalowo oyisebenzisayo. Naosi imithi ejwayelekile umakuthakwa ubulawu bokuyoshela: unhlanhl'emhlophe ovula zonke izinhlaohla kodwamubi ngoba igcina insizwa isiyisoka lamanyala Ungqengendlela wona ufakelwaukuthi intombi iyoza igijima ngendlela iza ensizweni; umphenduli ozophendulainhliziyo yentombi, uvuma (omhlophe) ozokwenza intombi isheshe ivume,udumaphansi ofakelwa ukuthi nezmyanya zimsekele kulo mshikashika,umlomomnandi ofakelwa ukuthi intombi izwe amazwi aphuma ensizweni emnandi,nawo 10 muthi mnandi siqu sawo abanye bawubiza ngokuthi wumnanda laveshe,umunyu ozokwenza intombi ibe nomunyu iyizwele insizwa uma isizibika, umayimeukuze intombi ikwazi ukuma inikeze insizwa ithuba loknzibika Kumele othakayoakuqaphele ukuba ungqengendlela, ummemezi nomunyu kungandiswa ngobayomibili le mithi iyasetshenziswa uma kwenziwa izizwe. Ezinye izintombikwelakithi zingamashinga, azivumi ukuma uma ziqonyiswaLokhu kufakazelwauMsimang, (1975:223) lapho ethi:Kwakuyisiko elenziwayo ukuba inele ikhuzele maqedeinsizwa bese iwanquma amazwi ayo, ingalindeli mpendulo,210

kepha intenguze ngobusoka nangobugagu. Intombiyayinganaki noma kukhuluma umuntu yini noma kukhulumaisilwanyana, yayiveIe idlubulundele iqhubeke nekwenzayo.Lokho kwakudala ukuba zesheIwe kabuhlungu ngokubanjwanangokuvinjwa nangokusontwa izingalo. Yayaziwanjengesoka lamanyala insizwa eyayiveIe ikhulume nentombiime kanti ayiyibambi futhi ayiyivimbi. Leyo nsizwakwakuye kuthiwe inesikali, iyazeIeka izintombi.Umaguqu ungomunye wemithi ebalulekile ngoba usebenza ukuguqula inhliziyoyentombi ibe nozwelo, isidana sona sifakeIwa ukuthi intombi ivume noma yinieshiwo isesheIi, ummemezi omhlophe ohlanza igazi, inhlokoshiyane (isihlokothi)eqeda ububi obufana nezinduna esikhunjeni, ubhubhubhu owenza ingwebu emhlophengenkathi ubulawu sebuphehlwa Owokugcina okufaneIe ungasali uvuka. Uvukaufakelwa ukuthi uvuse yonke le mithi ukuthi isebenze ernzimbeni ngoba isukeigawulwe ehlathini ebese efana nefiIe, ukufaka uvuka isuke isivuswa ukuthi iphileegazini Iomuntu.Imvamisa ubulawu busetshenziswa isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Kuyenzeka kubengaphezulu kwalokho ngomyalelo wenyanga leyo noma uma insizwa qobo ibonaukuthi ayikalapheki ngendlela UBhengu, (2003) uyakweseka Iokhu Iapho ethi:Le mithi ingasetshenziswa isonto kuya kwamabiIi. Nomakunjalo kuba khona izimo Iapho Iesi sikhathi singagcinwa khonangenxa yokujula kwesifo. Insizwa ingaqhubeka ibusebenziseize ibone ukuthi "isihlanzekile" egazini.Insizwa ivuka ekuseni kusempondozankomo ibuphehle ubulawu ngebhaxa Iephahlangoba Iona liqinile. Abanye basebenzisa ibhaxa likabhubhubhu ngoba pheIa yilonaeIenza igwebu.Lizothi lingakhephuka igwebu, ilihubuluze ebese ibheka ngakubokwasesheli qede ikhwife isimemeze ngegama isesheli. Emva kwalokho isizobuphuza211

ese iyaphalazaIsizathu esidala ukuthi kuvukwe intathakusa ukugwema ukuthiizimbangi zingaphalazi kuqala zingaze ziyengame bese iba nesigcwagcwa entombini.Esinye isizathu esokutbi kwayona intombi leyo iqambe ithi iyavuka, insizwa isiqedilengayo. Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:224) lapho ethi:Kuphalazwa ekuseni kakhulu, ukukhala kwezinkukhu, wenaowazi amathwasa. Kwakuthiwa ohlanza muva ezinyeizinsizwa nezimbangi sezihlanzile umane athathe isidina sazongoba zona zisuke sezimeleke ngesithunzi, futhi kwakwaziwaukuthi ngeke esalunga kuleyo ntombi ayibangayo.Uma insizwa isikhwifile isizobuphuza ibugcwalise isisu ebese iphuma iyophalazelangapbandle komuzi. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi akufuneki ukuthi ukungcola namashwakuphumele ngaphakathi komuzi. Ukugquma ingagqumela elawini layo insizwa nomaexhibeni ngoba kudingeka umlilo. Insizwa izobubeka eziko ngembiza ubulawu, kuthilapho sebubila ibephule, ibubeke eceleni bese izigquma ngesibhalala esisodwa nomangaphezullLKufanele iqikelele ukuthi akungeni moya ukuthi umuthi Iona ungenengqo ernzimbeni, ijuluke ibe manzi te, kuphume onke amabhadi nezichitho. Emvenikwalokho 1000 bulawu igeza ngabo ngaphandle komuzi. UMsimang, (1975:323)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Emva kwalokho usezophuza kakhulu agcwalise isisu beseeyophalazela phandle. Phela ubulawu buzophuma nesinyamanomuncu nesidina konke okuyizinsila ezingehlanzelweendlini.Lo mkbntsbana wokuphalaza wenziwa kanye vo ngosuku kanti ukugquma kwenziwakabili ekuseni nantambama lapho sekunqundeka amehlo.Kunenkolelo yokuthiekuseni kakhulu nantambama, sekuhwalele izinyanya zisuke zisebenza ngamandlakanti emini uma seliphumile ilanga ziyatefatefa Kuyenzeka ukuthi sigcwagcwa ndini212

ube neyesele inkani.Kulesi simo insizwa iyaphoqeleka ukusebenzisa izimbizazokuchatha nezokuphuza.Izimbiza zokuchatha zithakwa ngale mithi elandelayo:umthombo ngoba wona ugeza ingapbakathi uqede nezilonda, umathukulula wonauyageqa udonse konke okungadingekile emzimbeni kepha kufanele uqashelwe ngobaungaba yingozi uma Wlgasetshenziswa ngendlelaUmWltu oyisebenzisayo kufaneleangeqi kuIawo malWlga ashiwo inyanga Lokhu kufakazelwa uMhlongo, (2003)lapho ethi:Umathukulula uthukulula zonke izifo njengegama lawo.Kodwa noma kunjalo uma usetshenziswa budedengu insizwaingaya kwagoqanyawo ngoba uyadonsana kakhulu umWltu azeaphelelwe amandlaIngWlduza omWlye yemithi eyakha izimbiza ezinohlonze.Iyakhuculula konkeukWlgcola ngapbakathi, ihlanze ngisho nezinso imbalaInsizwa ingachatha kanyengosuku ekuseni noma ntambama noma kabili ekuseni nantambama kuye ngomyalelowenyanga leyo.Ukuphelelisa 10 msebenzi wokukhipha isidina nokllbJanz3 igazi ukuze insizwaithandeke, insizwa ingasebenzisa izimbiza eziphuzwayo.Lezi zimbiza ziyasizakakhulu ukukhipha nezingxabo isifo sezintwala Izimbiza eziphuzwayozingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngoba azinabo ubWlgozi obutheni ngaphandle umauphuze ngaphezu kwesilinganiso obekelwe sona kuze kube kaninganalaphoungazithola usuhanjiswa isisu kakhudlwana213

5.3.2 UknkhafulaInsizwa ilala obenyoni uma ingakayihluli intombi. Ngakho-ke izama yonke imi7

Imfeyenkawu nayo ayisali ngoba yenza amaphupho ukuze intombi iphuphe kablengensizwaIndabulaluvalo eyikhubalo hbayi eyitshe yona yenzelwa ukuthi intombiiyesabe insizwa uma icabanga ngayo. Umthunyelwa, nawo ucishe wenze umsebenziofanayo nomwelela ngoba yomibili yenza ukuthi umuthi ufike ngqo lapho uthunyelwakhonaUMyeza, (2003) uthi le mithi ithakwa kanje:Yonke le mithi iyaqothwa ibe impuphu ebese ifakwaesigujaneni bese kufakwa namanzi olwandIe. Isigujana. singalinganiselwa ebhodlelaneni elincane elibizwa ukuthi iniphi.Emva kwalokho ufakwa namaconsi ambalwa omchamo. Lomchamo kufanele kube owokuqala ngenkathi insizwa ivuka.Uma isifakiwe yonke insizwa izoyishukuza esigujini.Uma 10 muthi usuthakiwe insizwa ivuka ekuseni ukuphuma kwelanga iphuze ukhezoolulodwa noma ezimbili iwumumathe emlonyeni bese ikhwifa ibhekise ngakubokantombi ithi "Sibanibani ngithi ngikufuna la" Liyothi seliyozilahla kunina iphindesona Ieso. Kwenye inkathi iwubeka entendeni yesandIa bese iwuphephetha Isizathuesidala ukuthi kukhwife elruphumeni nasekushoneni kwelanga ukuthi kunenkoleloyokuthi imisebe yelanga ngenkathi liphuma nangenkathi seliyoshona iba namandla.Yikho nje izintombi irumele ziyibalekele imisebe yokuqala yelanga, uyexwayeinyanga nezinkanyezi ngoba ikhwifwa kutshelwe khona ukuba kuyithwalele umuthikuwuse enhliziyweni yentombiLokho kwenza ukuthi nomuthi uhambe kalulausebenze ngamandla emisebe yelangaIsikhafulo sisetshenziswa izinsuku ezintathukuya kweziyisikhombisa kulandelwa imiIayelo kandIelazinuk'imswane.Emvenikwalokho kufanele insizwa iqikelele ukuthi ayizisondezi entombini leyo hleze ifikeumuthi llngakasebenzi kable emzimbeni wentombi.Uyoze abonane nayo uma215

esephothule 10 mshikashika wokukhafulaBuyangabazisa ubunyanga benyangaeyakha izikhafulo. Phela umuntu okhafuliwe ngongqengendlela, abaphaphi,ummemezi, abangqongqozi nomunyu ugcina efikile lapho abizwa khona, aqulekebese exajelelwa agcine esewumfazi wakhonaWubuthakathi-ke lobo, akubonaubunyanga5.3.3 IsimonyoIningi labantu linenkolelo yokuthi isimonyo nesigqabo kuyinto eyodwaLokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:328) lapho ethi:Isigqabo ngamafutha, isimonyo luketshezi.mehluko, isigqabo nesimonyo into eyodwaNgaphandle kwaloUBhengu, (2003) uphika uhlanza obayizolo ukuthi lezi zinto ziyefanaIsimonyosenzelwa ukuthi uthandeke. UBhengu, (2003) usichaza kanje isimonyo nesigqabo:Isimonyo ngamafutha aluketshezi agcotshelwa ukuthiumuntu athandeke kubantu. Kanti isigqabo esokwenzaumuntu asabeke.Lokhu kuphinde kunanelwe uNyembezi, (1992:305) lapho ethi:Isimonyo umuthi ogcotshwa ebusweni wokwenza umuntuathandeke, umuthi wokuziphaqulaIningi lemithi esetshenziswa uma kuthakwa isimonyo yiIeyo esetshenziswa ebulawininjengomkhanyakude nomphumeleli.Ezinye izithako kuba ngamafutha ezilwanenezinyoni ezingenalo ulaka kangakho. Amafutha enhlwathi awasali ngoba216

inemibalabala emihle, ekhangayo futhi inethonya ngokusebenzisa le mibalaUmaubhekene nayo umane undwaze, kungavumi ukuthi ubaleke, igcine ngokukusobozelaUma isimonyosithakwe nala mafutha nentombi igcina isiyithambela insizwaKufanele kukhwnbuleke ukuthi izintombi zakithi zingamashingaKwenye inkathiazivumi sanhIobo ukuma wna ziqonyiswa Lokbu kufakazelwa uMsimang,(1975:328) lapho ethi:Izintombi ezizala thina zabe zingamashinga Ibhungwana njelalingazivimbeli ngaphambili lapho liqomisa Uma likelavimba ngaphambili endleleni intokazi yakwabo ibiliqulelangembiza yamanzi kanti wna iphwna kotheza ibilisho.ngenyanda yezinkuni. Lokbo kwakuIihlazo lamahlazo, ichiloelibi elikhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi ibhungwana ndinialinasikali ezintombini. Selizoshabasheka lifunana nezigqabo.Le nsizwa izonele iyibone intombi lapho iyifesele kbona beseilukbipha uphondo Iwansondo ikwapune la mafutha izigcobengawo ebuzini noma emashiyeni njengokuyala kwenyangaAmanye amafutha asetshenziswayo kuba amafutha endlanzi ngoba yona iyathandekanensizwa wna igcobe wona izothandeka entombini.Amafutha emvubu eyisitholeukuze igazi lentombi lihalele insizwa, amafutha enkawu ngoba unkabi Iona uyathandaukunakwa ngakbo azoyiqhweba intombi. Isipatshi sona senza intombi ithatheke ifuneukunamatbela njengozibuthe ensizweni.Udwnbakasibwnbu awusali ngoba uvusaimizwa entombini ifise ukutomotwa insizwaNgaphandle kwala mafutha ezilwane nezinyoni nemithi uBhengu,(2003) uthisithakwa nalawa makbubalo alandelayo, wnunyu, indabulaluvalo, wnusa kanyenengobamakhosi.Isizathu esidala ukuthi kufakwe ingobamakhosi ukuthi intombiithambele isicelo sensizwa217

lsimonyo sithakwa ngokuqothwa kwamakbubalo bese ehlanganiswa namafuthaInsizwa isigcoba ebusweni kusasele ibangana ukuthi ihlangane nentombi.Lokhukwenzelwa ukuthi iqambe ithi ihlangana nentombi ebese sesigxilile egazinisesisebenza futhi uma isifaka kusekude kakhulu, singafika sesikhathele, sesitbiyweimitbi yezimbangi.5.3.4 IsigqaboUNyembezi, (1992:148) usichaza kanje isigqabo:Isigqabo umuthi ongamafutha ogcotshwa emashiyeni ukubaumuntu abe nesithunzi noma nenhlanhlaIsigqabosehlukile kunesimonyo ngoba sona inhloso yaso ukutbi umuntu abenesithunzi, asabeke kulowo asuke efuna kuyena okuthile.Kanti isimonyo esokutbiumuntu athandeke. Ngenxa yalokhu ukugqaba kungafaniswa ncamasbi nokuthakathaLokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:328) lapho ethi:Konke lokhu kokwenza uthando noma ukwesatshwa nomaukuhlonishwa ngomuthi ngikubona kufana nse nobuthakatbi,ngakho uIrutbi isigqabo sithakwa ngamafutha maningizokuxoxa sengilanda ngobuthakatbi.Isigqabo sithakwa ngale mithi elandelayo:iusindabathakathi eyenza ukuthi abenesithunzi akusinde, inyokiziphinda eyenza ukuba umuntu afane nenyoka umaumbheka, indabulaluvalo (eyitshe) eyenza ukuthi lowo obhekene naye ashaywe uvalokuxege amadolo uma ekhuluma nawe, akuhloniphe ngenxa yokukwesaba,usehlulamanye inkosi yezintelezi, wona wenza umuntu abe nesithunzi futhi iwanqoba218

onke amakhubalo nezintelezi, bese kufakwa nompikayiboni osetshenziswa umaibambene.Uma amabutho esebenzise 10 muthi elinye ibutho elibhekene naloaliliboni, nakhona lapha intombi ayibe isabona lutho olubi ensizweni.Isigqabo sithakwa ngamafutha ezilwane ezisabekayo neziyingozi ngoba inhloso yasoeyokuthi wesatshwe. Amafutha emamba, ebhubesi nawengwe awasali. Kwenyeinkathi la mafutha nemithi kuthakwa nenhlabathi yonyawo lapho intombi igxobekhona Isuke igcagcele esokeni uma insizwa ikwazile ukuthola umchamo wentombileyo ngoba kusuke kufana nokuthi ithole izinsila zayo, yingakho ukugqaba kufaniswanokuthakathaLe mithi, amafutha nenhIabathi yonyawo kanye nemichamo kuxutshwa ndawonyenale mithi uma isiqothiwe bese kufakwa ophondweni noma ebhodleleni elincane.Kuyothi lapho insizwa isibabele ukuyozibika isigcobe kancane emashiyeni.Nomangabe intombi inenkani kangakanani iyathamba voshosho, inikeze insizwa ithubaloknzibika.Isizathu esenza ukuba insizwa ingasigcobi kusekude isigqabo ukuthisingashaywa umoya, iqambe ifika entombini sesiphuphile.UMyeza, (2003) ubekakanje ngalokhu:Ngaphandle kokwesabela ukuphupha kwesigqabokunokwesabela ukuthi uma insizwa inqamula izintabaingazithola isilandelwa omgodi onganukwanja nomaimijendevu behehwa isigqabo noma isimonyo beseiyinakashela insizwa ibe yisinama udu.Izinsizwa ziyagqaba uma kunemicimbi ethile ukuze zibe nesithunzi, zingathathwakalula ezinye izinsizwa.UXulu, (1994:79) lapho uveza izinsizwa zaseNhlambenizibhunga kanje:219

Insizwa yokuqala:Insizwa yesibili:Insizwa yokuqala:Insizwa yesibili:Insizwa yokuqala:Awu! Wethu yini sengathi kukhonaokungezukuhamba kahle laphaUsho ngani ntanga yethu?Ngizwa igazi lami lingeneme nje.Uyazi mina angimi kanje odwendweni.Ngiyaye ngehle ngenyuka ngifunaamatshitshi amancane. Angibuyi njeodwendweni ingekho intombi esikeyangikha. Kodwa namhlanje akuvumilutho. Kuthi nje angilale noma ngibengilokhu ngizulazula lapha phandle.Bengifisa nokuhamba neqembu lelielihambe layolanda udwendwe. Kodwaumoya ngezwa ushona phansi nje.Nokho wethu mina angiboni lutho.Wena bekumele uvuke uphalaze nomauehathe uma uza emsindwenionjengalona Amabhungu amaningi ezalapha egqabile bese kuthi ninaenintekentekana nizithole senidlalelwayincele. Wagcina nini wethuukuzigquma ngohlunguhlungu?Angiphuthi nanini ukuzigqumaNgikhuluma nje kunentelezi yamiyokuqina engisandakuyithola Yona-keeyokugquma nokuphalaza. Okuyitshithsilapho akwedluli kanti nenhIiziyo yamiiyenza ithi nje kla! Kodwa-keokusemqoka kakhulu wukuthi leyontelezi ngibuye nayo kuMkhomazi, lekwaMhlabuyalingana Akekho-ke onayolapha kule ndawo. Akulula-ke ukuthikube khona insizwa engeleka ngeyayouma kunjalo. Into nje bafowethungahlangana nale nsizwa okuthiwawuMagqubu yasoSongweni, ngathi umangibuza ukuthi iyaphi ngoba izwe libi njeyathi izibulawelwa wutwayi. Ngathulakengoba nami ngingafuni ukulokhungigubha insizwa ngezindaba zayo.220

5.3.5 UkuphosaKuliqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi izintombi zakithi kwaZulu zingamashinga Kukhonaezehlula insizwa isisebenzise obokugcina ubulawu ngisho neziphambili izigqabo.Uma insizwa isifike kwangqingetshe iyaye ithathe elinye igxathu ibabele enyangeniiyofuna eminye imithi ethe ukudlondlobala okuthiwa iziphonso.UNyembezi,(1992:414) uzichazakanje iziphonso:Iziphonso umuthi osetshenziselwa ikakhulu ukudala intandoentombini.UMhIongo, (2003) uphawula kanje ngokuphosa:Ukuphonsa umkhutshana osetshenziswa izinsizwa uma onkeamagalelo ayo esephelele ezeni. Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathiinsizwa ikwenze ngoba iyisigangi ithanda ukudlalangezintombi noma ngoba idlala umona isibona kuthi isigalelezephuka intombi isikhombe kwenye indawo.UBryant, (1949:565) umeseka ngokugcwele uNjomane lapho ethi:Should all the preceding measures prove ineffective to bring thegirl down, the exasperated youth might have recourse to thestemer method of taking reprisals by 'throwing at her'(ukuposa). Here other weird mixtures (isiphoso) of animal andsnake fats, excrements and vomits, chemicals and plants, would,by some stealthy device, be brought into contact with the personof the recalcitrant girl, with the magical result that she wouldbecome afllicted with hysteria, or go insane, or, better still,become 'blind' to the charms ofthe rival swain, and even growto dislike him.Leli gama elithi iziphonso lavela ngokuthi 10 muthi ukwazi ukuthi urna insizwaiwuiliumela ikude kube sengathi iyawujikijela kodwa ufike qathatha entombini221

esigaguliwe. Lo mkhutshana wokuphosa kuyindle1a ethanda ukuba nenjejeyokweshela ngoba intombiinamanenjana okuthakatbaiyahlukumezeka ngokwenyama nangokomoya futhiIntombi ingagula emzimbeni, iphambane ikhandakwenye inkathi zigcine zingasehlanga zonke emthini unomphela noma iyekoyisemkhulu.Lokhu kufakazelwa uXulu, (1994:88) lapho eveza khona isalukazisesitshela uSayinkentsha uyise kaKoto ukuthi usephangalele emveni kokudliswauMagqubu isesheli awayengasithandi kanje:lsalukazi:Sengathi mfana awuzwa kahle noma wenzasengathi awuzwa uhambisa isikhathi.Ngiyakuzwa wena mfana ka Phefeniusemncane. Umhlaba ungcolile mfana wami.Lokho llZokwazi namhlanje. lllanza ngede1aLokhu wena obuzithukusele khona uthillZokukhipha namuhla ngosiko kwenqabile.Noma-ke mangithi kuziphumele khona kuqala,kwahamba kwasishiya Siseleze nje mfanawami, sihamba ngezandla Pho-kenasabeNhlambeni sebeyogeza izandla Intombiyayingadalelwe bona; yayidalelwe ithuna,mhlawumbe isiyogcagca kwelawokhokho.Nyuka-ke mfana uyoyithinta izinyawo intombiyakwakho. Ngamafuphi nje ndodana llSuyolalangenxeba Umntwana wakho uphalaze kabilikathathu wabe esethule njalo. Akasekhoemh1abeni uKoto indodakazi yakwaSalabenabaYenyuka nawe uyozidele1a(Sekugewele abantu emnyango, abanye bayahuba abarryebayakhala, izimpahla zikaKoto ziwumjUnzana laphaya kantinaye ulele eduze kwebhokisi lakhe. Umbozwe ubusongendwangu emhlophe. USayinkentsha ahambe ayozidelela,maqede aphumele phandle, akhulume nabantu.)Sayinkentsha: Ngifuna nilalele kahle bandla lakwethu.Umhlaba usuphinde lokho futhi. Imbali yamiebikhula kahle kangaka ibatshazwa yizwe lonkeisibunile, ngomzuzwana nje.222

Kuba isiphetho esincomekayo uma insizwa igcina ngokuwudla umhlanganiso ngobainhloso yokuphonsa intombi eyokuthi izwe uthando luvutha ebese ithatha indlelaebheke ngqo kwansizwa ingasafuni kuzwa lutho. Iziphonso lezi zehlukene kathathu.Kukhona izizwe, isipoliyane kanye nofufunyane.5.3.5.1 IzizweUNyembezi, (1992:560) uzichaza kanje izizwe:Omoya ababi abangena kumuntu ahIanye, ufufunyane.Izizwe zenziwa ngemimoya yabantu esebafalnsizwa noma inyanga ithatha iqathalenyama ihambe iyolibeka phezu kweliba ukuze lidliwe izintuthwane eziphumaphansi ekade zidla ongasekho. Leli qatha selizohangulwa emlilweni kanyenezintuthwane lezo bese kuyagaywaTnhliziyo yejuba nayo ayisali ngaphandle ngoba ijuba isilwane esindizayo futhisidume kakhulu ngokuba nothando olumnene.Ithambo lokhakhayi ikakhulukazilomuntu owafela empini noma lomuntu owafa elwa noma engafelanga empini.Inhloso yalokhu ukuthi intombi leyo uma isiphonswa ihIukumezeke bese ishesheithambaKusuke kungezona iziphonso uma uli.mi lomuntu lungekho.Iziphoso uma sezifikaentombini kufanele zifike zikhulume ngakho-ke uli.mi lufakelwa lowo msebeuzi.Izinto ezicoshwa endleleni ekade zisetshenziswa abantu ngenkathi behamba noma223

ezidla njengamagobolondo amagwava, izinhlamvu zezindoni, utshani obukadebuphiewa umuntu endleleni echitha isizungu wabeesebulahla namagobolondoamablala nokunye okufana nalokhu.Lolu vueu lwenzelwa ukuthi iziphonso nazouma sezithunywa zingablali phansi nazo zihambe zingakhathali. lzibiezinhlanganweni zemigwaqo nalapho kade kubanjelwe khona imbizo nomaumhlangano nazo ziyisithako esibalulekile. UMyeza, (2003) uphawula kanje ngalezizibi:lziphonso zithi zingafika engqondweni yentombi iphithaneikhanda, izwe imisindo enhlobonhlobo engayejwayele, iboneizinhlobonhlobo zabantu benza izinto ezinhlobonhlobokuyona Lokhu kudala ukuthi ingqondo iphithane beseyethuswa yilokhu nalokhuya bese ihayiza. Yingakhokudingeka lezi zibi ukwenza isithombe sokuphithanakwengqondo entombini.Imimoya eqhamuka kuwo wonke amagumbi amane omhlaba nayo ayisithako.Yingakho izizwe zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi yimimoya yezwe.Imimoya ithathwangokuthi kukhiwe amaqabunga alalele ngalapho kuvela khona umoya.Isizathusokuthatha imimoya esokuthi uma iziphonso sezithunywa zihambe kakhulu nomangabe kuphephetha muphi umoya.Ithambo lokhakhayi lomkhovu liyasetshenziswaukuze isiphoso sikwazi ukuehusha phakathi kwabantu nezilwane.Phela umkhovuwenziwa ngokuthi umthakathi amithise indangala yakhe, bese izala into engemfenefuthi engemuntu nekhuluma ishwashwathe.Lezo zingane uma sezizalisana zodwakuphuma umkhovu. Lowo-ke kuthiwa wumkhovu wasekhaya. Ukhona-ke owentabaoneso elilodwa. Akulona iqiniso ukuthi umkhovu awubonakali. Ukuba awubonakalingabe acoshakala kanjani amathambo okhakhayi afakwa uma kuboshelwa izizwe?Amathambo ezilwane ezinenkani njengebhubesi, ingwe, inyathi, ubhejane kanye224

nengulule nawo awasa1i. La mathambo enzelwa ukuthi noma engafika intombi iqinekangakanani kepha iziphonso zidlubulundele zingene futhi zibe nenkani ukuphumalziphonso zibuye zithakwe nala makhubalo alandelayo:uchwashaphezukwent'enkulu. UMhlongo, (2003) uphawula kanje ngaleli khubalo:Uchwashaphezukwent'enkulu ngumuthi okwazi ukumilaphezulu, kwelenyoni phezu kweminye imithi. Uyakwazi futhiukumila endaweni encane nengekho.Leli khubalo lidingeka kakhulu eziphonsweni ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza noma isimosibheda kuthi ithuba elincane elivelayo zisebenze kahle iziphonso.Umzanenongelinye lamakhubalo anedumela ekuthakweni kweziphonso.Ngenxa yokuthiinhlosonqangi yeziphonso eyokuthi intombi iqonde ngqo kubo kansizwa, umzanenousiza ukugqugquzela ukuthi intombi ize ngalapho iphonswe ngakhona Okuhluphayongomzaneno wukuthi uletha intombi kanye nembangi ngesikhathi smye.Umausetshenziswe wumzingeli kuza inyamazane kanye nebhubesi, ingwe, inyathi kumbeimamba Usimanaye naye ungamanye wamakhubalo onohlonze. Usimanaye wonausiza ukuthi iziphonso zibe nayo shaqa intombi zenze lokho ezikuthunyiwe zemukenayo uthuli intombi.Ummemezi, abangqongqozi, abaphaphinongqengendlela ngamanye amakhubaloabalulekile eziphonsweni.Insizwa ingakwazi ukuzithakela lezi ziphonso zodwazisebenze. UMsimang, (1975:329) ubeka kanje ngomsebenzi walezi ziphonso:Le mithi njengoba ngiyilandelisa nje isebenza ukuthiummemezi uzoyimemeza intombi. lyothi isalele izwe sengathikukhona ongqongqozayo. Ukuphuma kwayo lokho ingane225

yabantu iphuma ngengqondo yasephusheni, yokusangana,Ingaphuma kuzoba sengathi imile izimpiko (abaphaphi).Isizothi ngqe ngendlela iqonde kwamphonsi oyiphonsayo.Izonele ingene endlini bese ixajelelwa Igcatshwe incindisweyenziwe konke okushiwo yinyanga bese kuthathwa nezinsilazayo ibethelelwe.Umwelela nawo ungomunye wezithako ezibalulakile.Umwelela wona njengegamalawo ukwazi ukuwela imihosha unqamule nezintaba Unozili1o naye akasaliukwenzela ukuthi intombi ikhale ize ibe nesibibithwane uma isiphonsiwe.Indabulaluvalo eyikhubalo neyitshe nayo iyisithako.Yona ifakelwa ukuthi intombiishaywe uvalo ebese isheshe ithambaUmunyu nawo uyisithako ulruze intombiisheshe ibe nozwelo olubambisana nosizi.UMsimang, (1975:328) ubeka kanjengomunyu:Mkhulu impela umsebenzi wokususa isiphoso. Inyanga ifunaimithi eqondene nalo msebenzi. Nansi esemqoka: Umunyu;insizwa ebushaya kahle ngempela ubulawu kuthiwa kwakuthilapho intombi iyiphuphile kuse inomunyu iyicabanga kufikeizinyembezi ize ifise ukuyibona Kothi ntambama laphoisiqhamuka insizwa yakwabo ikekela noma ishaya ugubhulwayo izodluIisa uthi lomzimba, iwachithe ebisiwakhileintombi, iphume futhi nembiza inikele emthonjeni kantiseyenzela10 mfokazi ithuba elihle lokuba azibike.Unh1iziyonkulu nemfeyenkawu nayo iyadingeka lapho kuthakwa iziphonso.UMhlongo, (2003) uphawula kanje ngala makhubalo:Unh1iziyonkulu ngumkhwezeli weziphonso, wenza iziphonsozibe namandJa kanti imfeyenkawu yakha uthando ngenkaninalapho lungekho khonaUngiboniseleni elinye lamaldmbalo elithaka iziphonso. Leli khubalo yilona elihambalitlmngatha intombi lapho ingakhona lize liyigojele.226

Izithako zokuhlanganisa iziphonso ziyehluka ngolwazi lwezinyanga kodwa nomakunjalo akhona amakhubalo ayisisekelo sazo iziphonso njengommemezi, abaphaphi,ungqengendlela, umunyu, indabulaluvalo, llnhliziyonkulu kanye nezintuthwanezasemaliheni.Uma insizwa izitholile iziphonso iyaye izibike kwabangasekho ukuthi ezayo ngokuthiihlahe imbuzi ehese ikhipha imidikizo yayo ukuze nentombi izohlala ithuka njalo umasezisehenza yenziwa imidikizo.Iphinde izikhunge ngeqhude bese iconsisela iconsilegazi layo ne1embuzi kanye nenyongo kuzona iziphonso.Uma isikwenzile lokhoishisa impepho isibika ezinyanyeni ukuthi iziphonso ezayo sezilungile.Indlelaokuthunyelwa ngayo iziphonso yehlukahlukile.UMyeza, (2003) ubeka lezi zindlelaezilande1ayo:Uma sezididiyelwe iziphonso insizwa ingazisehenzisa ngokuthiizishaye ngebhaxa lephahla kuze kukhihlike ingwebu, heseiyihubuluza hese ibheka kubo kwantombi iyibiza ngegama heseikhafula. Kwenye inkathi ingazihlikihla esandleni beseizikhulumisa nayo ishaye sengathi iyayidlalisa hese iyithintaesijungujungwini. Enye indlela eyokuzihlikihla oswazini heseukhuluma nalo ulutshele inhloso yakho hese uzama ukutholaithuba endaweni ephithizelayo njengasemsindweniuyithwatshule ngalo kwasakudlala.Kwenye inkathi intombi ingadliswa uma insizwa ingamathe nolimi nesihlobo esithilesentombi.Lokhu kufakazelwa uXulu, (1994:72) lapho eveza khona uMagqubuisesheli sikaKoto ayengasifuni nakusibona sincenga uMathikalala iqhikizalakwaSalahenaba kanje:227

Magqubu: (Ukhathaze/dle.) Ngiphelelwa amazwi.Kulukhuni ukukhuluma indaba eyimfihlo, ngishonolruyikhuluma nalowo eyimfihlo naye ngobaphela utshani nabo buyezwa bunezindlebe, kantibusuka bunyenyezele obuseduze kwabo,nezintaba lezi zibukeka ziqhelelene nje emini,kuthi kungahlwa zisondelane zixoxe izigamekozosuku. Ngakho-ke ayikho indaba eyimfihlouma nje kukhona abayixoxayo. Olrusemqoka-kenjengoba ueu lungakaze luphume nje kuhle kubeyindaba nathi esingayixoxi, ngoba phela umaisizwakala sizoba yinhlekisa yezwe, noKoto athinje ngavele ngabona Singelibalekele iqinisololruthi uKoto ngiyamthanda, futhi-ke ungifanele.Wena ngiyakudinga, futhi impilo yami iyize umaungekho. Ngiyasazi isibindi sakho, nobuqhawebakho. Yingakho nje sengithi angikunxuseungenzele lesi sieelo sami sokugeinaesiphathelene noKoto.MatbikaJala: Uma nje uvuma ukuthi mina ngiyoba owokuqalaembusweni wasoSongweni noma ngabe ugeagea kuqalanoKoto, kulungile. Nami ngingajabula ukuganandawonye noKoto ngoba ngiyamthanda umntakababayikho nje ngimfuneJa wena, insizwa enothileyo.Magqubu:Lokho Qhikiza JakwaSalabenaba kungephikiswe futhingiyafunga ngiyagomela ngithi wena ungundlunkuluwami oyokwelanywa wuKoto. Sengiyobuye ngibonekeengxenye ngimisa kanjani, uma nina bafazi bamisenigqiza nigqigqizeJa oSongweni.Mathikalala: Mahle Jawo mazwi Mshazi wami. Pho manje ufunangikwenzeleni?Magqubu: (Uyahleba.) Ngithi kuwe thatha nali ibhodlelana(Amnike ibhodlelana elinensizi emnyama.) Ngifunaulruthi kuthi kulalwa kusasa uKoto abe esesoSongweni.Uyokukha kancane nje ngokhezo lweshungu lakho;iziqubu zibe mbili, elruseni nasemini. Uwufakeenyameni yakhe le yomncamo. Ungeqisi kulokhoengikushilo hleze agule kabana lzinsizwa zonazizohlale zicuphile ukuthi uma engafiki kuze kulalwekusasa, zimlande ngomhlomunye entathakusa uma njeseluthi luyaphuma udwendwe. Uqaphele-ke igazilikaKoto lisezandleni zakho, ungamsindisa nomaumbulalise. Kuwe uyophila noma afe.228

Ezinye iziphonso zingafllkwa njengomeqo.Insizwa ingazifaka lapho intombiijwayele ukuhamba ngakhona kepha izibize ngegama ukuthi ngezikabani ukuzezingatholwa abangazifanele.Abanye uma bekhwifa bakholelwa wukuthi iziphonso zisebenza kable ngamandlaelanga noma enyanga Lokhu kusekelwa uMsimang, (1975:329) lapho ethi:Esinye isiphoso ummemezi, abangqongqozi, abaphaphinongqengendlela Le mithi ithakwa yomine lukhllmbeni lunye.Insizwa isizoyishaya ngebhaxa layo lephahla kusuke ingwebuemhlophe ikbihlike okhambeni. Le ngwebu isizohatshulwakuphunyelwe phandle kubhekwe kuho kwantombi beseikhwifwa Ikhwifwa ngelanga noma ngenyanga Lokho kushoukuthi ikhwifwa uma liphuma noma lishona kanjalo futhinangenyanga Yilokho okwakwenza intsha yenqatshelweukulala kuze kuphume ilanga ngoba kuthiwa izocindezelwaiziphoso.Uma intombi esisetshenziwe ngeziphonso yethiwa igama elisha kuthiwemnantombana kanti umphonsi kuthiwe indodaOkufanele kuqapheleke ukuthi umaintombi iphonswe ngezizwe ayihayizi kakhulu njengaleyo ephonswe ngezipoliyanenoma ngofufunyane kepha iyakhala idlubulundele ifuna ukuya kuho kwaseshelikwenye inkllthi ize isibize ngegama Uma intombi ithuke yasibiza isigangi leso kubanengozana ngoba abafowabo noma izihloho zentombibangathatha izinyatheloezinqala Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:228) lapho ethi:Okunye futhi okusha ukuba intombazane iphoswe ngemithiemibi ethakwe nesithende sezulu, okuthi lapho lizodumayesindwe amablombe kokunye ihayize isipoliyane. Okuhleukuthi ithi lapho ihayiza, imusho ngegama lowo oyithakathile,ukuze abanewabo baqondane naye. Kufana naye Iona ophosaintombi ngabaphaphi, kuhle ngoba iyaye ihayize kantisebeyayizwa abanewabo bayilandele lapho isintininizangendlela, baye bayohona kulowo muzi wezigilamkhuba Uma229

enesibindi bangabe besabuza, bawuthungele ngomlilo umuzilowo wabathakathi, kodwa baqale ngokuthatha udadewabokuqala babaleke naye. Kokunye bagwaze leso sishimane sesokangomkhonto kungabindabazalutho phansi naphezulu.5.3.5.2 IsipoliyaneUMyeza, (2003) usichaza kanje isipoliyane:Isipoliyane yilezo ziphonso ezenza intombi ukuba isanganeebese ikhale1a phezulu ihayiza kakhulu ingafuni nokuzwaisibheke ngqo kubo kasesheli. Iyadlubulundela ibe namandla. asabekayo ifuna ukuya lapho kwasesheli. Abanye isipoliyanebasibiza ngofufunyane.Izithako eziningi ezenza isipoliyane ziyefana nalezo ezenza izizwe ngaphandlekwezimbalwaIzithako ezihambisana nezulu azishiywa ngaphandle njengomsilakaxamu.Uxamu uma liduma uyagxuma ubheke phezulu u1ikhuze izu1u usebenzisaumsila Isithende sezulu kanye nenyama yenkonjane nayo ayisali ngoba kwenzelwaukuthi ntombi ndini uma liduma izu1u noma kushintsha umoya isindwe amahlombeipaquze. Inkonjane lena inyoni yezulu. Inhloso yalokho ukuyizwisa ubuhlunguintombi leyo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:228) lapho ethi:Okunye futhi okusha ukuba intombazane iphoswe ngemithiemibi ethakwe nesithende sezu1u, okuthi lapho lidumayesindwe amahlombe kokunye ihayize isipoliyane.Inyama kathekwane nayo iyisithako esibalulekile.Isizathu sayo ukuthi uthekwaneuhlale uziqhayisa noma uwodwa ukuthi wona muhle.Nentombi izokwenza leyomigilingwane uma isiphosiwe isiyodwa Inyama yenkankane nayo iyadingeka Lonalithandelwa ukunkeneneza kwalo ukuze nentombi nayo ikhale uma isiphosiwe. Itshe230

elitholakala phansi esizibeni noma esiweni. Lona lithakelwa ukuthi ihlale inomunyuicabange nokuzibulala imbala uma ingalitholi ithuba lokubona isesheli.Inhliziyoyejuba nayo iyisithako esiqavile. USibisi, (2003) ubeka kanje ngayo:Ijuba yinyoni yothando futhi ethanda ukuba ihambenomaqondana wayo. Alithandi ijuba ukuba ngalodwana futhiuma likuleso simo liyalila kanti vele linesililo salo semveloelihlale linaso kungonakele lutho. Kanjalo-ke nentombi umaiphoswe ngalo izohlala ikhala uma iyodwanaIthambo likatokoloshe nalo alisali ngoba utokoloshe ugila yonke imikhuba emibi.Umalilisa nonozililo nomhayiza nabo abasali. Umalilisa wenza intombi ibenesibibithwane ingakakhali kanti unozililo wenza ukuthi ihlale ikhala.Abaphaphiabangqongqozi nongqengendlela nabo abasali. Udumaphansi wona USIZaukukhuphula izinto ezingaphansi komhlaba nezifihlekile ukuthi zivele obala.Umahlokoloza ukuze uhlokoloze zonke izinto ezingase zibe izithiyo. Umunyu ukuzeintombi ibe nozwelo. Ugebelweni ufakelwa ukuthi uma intombi iba nenkani igcinangokuya koyisemkhulu.Usehlulamanye ukuze intombi ithi noma ngabe izamaniyehluleke. Inyok'iziphinda noma insontana nayo iyisithako. Lo muthi usontekilewamisa okwenyoka wenzela ukuthi intombi ihlale ikhala sengathi ibona inyoka.Indabulaluvalo eyikhubalo nayo iyisithako ngoba yenza intombi ihlale ishaywa uvalobese ithamba. Izibi zendlela nezibi zalapho kade kuhlangene khona abantu abaninginjengomhlangano nazo ziyadingeka.Izibi lezi zenzela ukuthi intombi iphithaneikhanda izwe izihlonono njengoba uma abantu bebaningi kuba nobuhomuhomu.Izithako ziyehluka, ziya ngokuthi insizwa ihlose ukuyenzani intombi leyo.Abanyebangafuna ukuba ize kubo abanye bafuna ukuyizwisa ubuhlungu kanti abanye bafuna231

ukuthi imane izibulale ukuze ingatholwa muntu ikakhulukazi uma insizwa ibonaukuthi amathuba okuyihlula intombi mancane.USibisi, (2003) uphawula kanjengalokhu:Ukuphonsa intombi ngesipoliyane kuwukuthakathaobungetolikwe kuhlangene nobllshimane. Kepha uma usufakaizithako zokuba intombi izibulale kuwubushimanenokuthakatha obudlulele. Insizwa eyenza 10 mkhuba kufaneleijojwe.Indlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo izipoliyane iyefana naleyo ezisetshenziswa ngayoizizwe.Ziyakhafulwa insizwa ikhwife, iyithwansule ngoswazi noma isebenziseisihlobo ukuloya intombi. Enye indlela esithanda ukujwayeleka yileyo yokusebenzisaimfengwane. Insizwa ithi ingaqeda ukushaya iziphoso ngebhaxa ihubuluze ingwebubese ibiza intombi leyo ngegama emveni kwalokho bese ishaya imfengwane.Kunenkolelo yokuthi umsindo wemfengwane uhamba ufike ngqo entombini futhiizwa umkenenezo omnandi.Uma intombi isifike kwasesheli izogcatshwa, incindiswe bese kuqokelelwa nezinsilazayo ukuthi ingabe isanyakaza kulelo khayaLokhu insizwa ikwenza uma ibifunaukuba iyigane. Intombi iyothi ibuya ingqondo bese kukudala yaganiswa Insizwaemveni kwalokho isiyothumela abakhongi ukuze kwazeke ukuthi ukuphi unmtwanawabantu. Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:329) lapho ethi:Izonele ingene endlini bese ixajelelwa Igcatshwe incindisweyenziwe konke okushiwo yinyanga bese kuthathwa nezinsilazayo ibethelelwe. Ubuthakathi obuphindiwe lobu. Angazinoma lokhu kwakwenzeka ngempela yini, nokho lokhoakusikho okwami, okwami ukulanda umlando njengoba unjalo.Emveni kwakho konke lokhu usezophaphama unmtanomuntuephusheni amangale ukuthi ufike kanjani kubo kwaleli xila232

angalifuni kangaka Pho llZObe esenzani eseyisiboshwa nje.Ixila ndini eliyisigwadi selizothurnela abakhongi lruyise bayothiakafunele nganeno. Uma uyise ebemukele abakhongi, isifeolwetshe intombi, isiyoye yende nakanjani. Phela ngekeisamkhiphisa uyise ulrudla emlonyeni. Lokho ihlazonokuhlambalaza.5.4 Ukunqunda izimbangiIsiZulu sithi: "Akukho soka ladla kahle imbangi ikhala".Lokhu lruchaza ulruthiumncintiswano uba mkhulu kakhulu uma kweshelwa intombi, yileyo naleyo nsizwaihlalele ovalweni ngoba lrungaziwa mbhantshi nakujiya. Uthundazime wentombi ubanensada yezesheli, igcine nayo ingazi ulruthi izophendula bani, iyeke bani ngobakwenye inkathi zimane ziyithelekele kanye kanye izinsizwa lruchitheke uphoko.Insizwa edla ubhedu yileyo enogazi neliqhalaqhala. Lokhu lrufakazelwa uMsimang,(1975:224) lapho ethi:Kokunye intombi yayiba namanxila amanIDgI urnamhlawumbe iyinhle kakhulu noma inogazi noma ikhuthelenoma inesikhundla esithile njengolruthi nje izalwa isikhulu.Kwakwenzeka-ke ukuba izesheli zihlangane emfulenizizoyibanga. Ezingamagwala zazingabe zisavuka, kantiamasoka namaqhalaqhala ayeyihlanganyela, nayo idlengokulalela lowo onogazi lruyo.Insizwa eyigwala isuke izalelwe yinja endlini urna isimo SIDJe.Ngakho-ke ithiingabona ulruthi izimbangi enazo ziyibhincisela nxanye ithungathe amakhathakhathaolruphunga izimbangi.Inhloso enkulu yokwenza 10 mkhuba ukwehlisa ilukululrunogqozi lokweshela ezimbangini igcine insizwa selruyiyona lruphela eshela intombi.Ukuze insizwa iphurnelele kulesi simo lrufanele isebenzise le mithi elandelayo: indinaowenza imbangi ibe nyamanambana entombini, umhlakazanhlansi ukuze koukeolruzanywa izimbangi lruphelele emoyeni, umsuzwana ukuze izimbangi zinuke iququ233

njengalo iphunga lomsuzwane. Imfingo kanye nekhathazo nayo ayisali ukuthi itheneimbangi amandla okuyozibika entombini.Udukanezwe nawo ngomunye wemithiesetshenziswayo. Udukanezwe ufakelwa ukuthi izimbangi zimane zikhohlweintombi. Umayime wona njengegama lawo wenzela ukuthi izimbangi zimeukuyokweshela intombi. Uvimbukha10 ngomunye wemithi esetshenziswayo.UMhlongo, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalo muthi:Uvimbukha10 ngomunye wemithi enamandla esetshenziswayoukunqunda izimbangi. 10 muthi wenza udonga phakathikwezimbangi nentombi. Imbangi ingaphuma kuoo imagangeibabele entombini kodwa izothi uma isendleleni ifikelweukwenqena iOOne indlela eya entombini ingasabalulekileicabange ezinye izindlelaLe mithi isetshenziswa ngokuthi insizwa ihambe iye endleleni eya kuOO kantombiingabonwa muntu.Izothi ingafika ifike iphalaze noma igeze mapbakathi nendlelaikhulume ilibeke ngembaba ukuthi izimbangi mazikhathale. Lo mkhutshanaingawenza kanye ngoba ubucayi.Uma indlela yokuwenza endleleni ingaphumeleliinsizwa ingawenza 10 mkhutshana ngaphandle komuzi wakuOO.Asikho isikhathiesinqunyiwe sokwenza 10 mkhuba ngoba kuya ngokuthi ithuba lokungabonwa livelamm.Omunye umkhuba ongenziwa insizwa ukuthi imane iyifake isichitho ingafunwamuntu ngaphandle kwayo.Nazi izithako ezibalulekile uma kwenziwa isichitho:amafutha eqaqa ukuze intombi izimbangi ziyizwe ineququ nmsanka ongafunwamuntu, amafutha emfezi ukuze abantu bangasondeli kuyo ngoba nemfezi uma ikhwifabayabaleka Indle yomthini nawo ayisithako esiqavile. Indle yomthini iyindlala,akulula neze ukuyithola ngakho-ke nentombi ngokunjalo kuzoba inzukayikeyi234

ukuyitholaIndle kabhejane nayo iyadingakala ngoba nayo iyindlala nJengayoeyomthini.Amakhubalo alandelayo asiza kakhulu ukwakha isichitho. UMyeza, (2003) ubala lamakhubalo alandelayo:umlahleni, unukani, indina, nmsanka amakhubalo amandlaesichithweni. Onke la makhubalo afana ngento eyodwa okuyiphunga elibi. Inhlosoyephunga ukuthi nentombi ibe nephunga elinganambitheki ezinsizweni.La makhubalo nale mithi kuhlanganiswa ndawonye bese insizwa izama imjzamoukuthola umchamo wentombi leyo.Isizothatha uswazi lompetshisi olubhiIiwe beseihlakaza le ndle isifakwe le mithi yesichitho imemeza igama lentombi nezimbangingayinye. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa endlini yangasese noma ngaphandle kwayo.Lomkhutshana wenziwa izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine.Emveni kwalokho intombiizoba mgodi onganukwanjaImithi yokwenza isichitho imithi enamandla kakhulu.Ngenxa yalesi simo insizwaiyaphoqeleka ukuthi emveni kokuyisebenzisa izihlanze ukuze nayo inganganyelwayile mithi igcine nayo isinyamanambana kubantu.Insizwa isizohlanganisa le mithielandelayo, umathunz'ezintaba noma umganu.Umganu muhle kakhulu ekukhipheniisigcwagcwa Isikhukhukazi esimatshweletshwele, usolo phela nalo alusali. Usololuthanda ukumila onqenqemeni lwehlathi noma lugudle ulwandle, kube sengathiusolo yilona olwengamele ihlathi noma ulwandle futhi lufaniswe nesikhukhukaziesingamele amatshwele sengathi sengamele konke okuphakathi ehlathini.Untungwanazihomvana nesichithamlilo nakho akusali. IsichithamIilo sichitha honkeabangadalela insizwa isinyama Insizwa isizogquma isikhathi esiyisonto ngale mithi.235

Ngaphambi kokuba inikele iyobona umonakalo ewudalile entombini, insizwa ibulalainkukhu emnyama iconsisele iconsi elilodwa emanzini ezogeza ngawo.UMhlongo,(2003) uncoma la makhubalo alandelayo ekuzigezeni:Umphumeleli ukuze izindlela zayo zikhanye iphume1e1e,unhJiziyonkulu ngoba usheshe uqhakaze imbali emhlopheukuzokwenza nezinto zensizwa zisheshe ziqhakaze.Umphenduli ukuze izinto zonke ziphenduke zivune insizwakanye nomkhanyakude ukuze izinto zayo zikhanye zithandeke.Uma isikuthakile konke lokhu negazi lenkukhu isizohamba iyogeza ngaphandlekomuzi.Phela isinyama sikhishwa ngaphandle komuzi. Emveni kwalokho insizwaisinayo inkululeko yokuhlola isimo ukuthi izinduku zayo ziyaphumelela nomaziyephuka5.5 Ukuthwala intombiAyikho nayinye insizwa efuna ukuduma ngobushimane lapha kwelikaJamaUmainsizwa isizame onke amaqhinga okwakha uthando entombini kepha ingaphumeleliibisithatha isinqumo sokuyithwala intombi. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ntombi ndini uthandaomunye, alukho nhlobo uthando eseshelini leso. Insizwa ibisihlanganisa amakhandanezinsizwa zangakubo kwakhiwe uzungu uma kunecece noma umdlalo othile lapholeyo ntombi iyobe ikhonaUma kuzokwenziwa 10 mkhuba kufane1e izinsizwazihlome ngoba kungenzeka kubheduke impi pbakathi kwazo nezinsizwa zangakubokantombi.Lokhu kufakazelwa uXulu, (1994:68) lapho eveza khona uMagqubunoMathikalala benza uzungu lokuyothwala uKoto ~e:236

Mathikalala: Uzomvimba ngani uKoto kuleyo ndlelaaseziqokele yona? Ngitshele.Magqubu: Lokho kuzofezeka ngezindlela ezimbili.Sengicabangisisile. Okokuqala nje 1ZlllSIZWalaphaya oSongweni ziyishumi, kanti umangibala nje ezaseThunzini lilonke ziyahlanganaaphume amashumi amane kuya kwamahlanu.Zonke lezi zinsizwa ziyamazi uMagqubu futhiusizi lwakhe ziyalwazi. Isinqumo-keesengisithathile esokuthi ngithi uma ngifikaekhaya namuhla ngihlabe uphondo lwempi.Zonke-ke izinsizwa ziyazi uma lukhala ukuthisekonakele. Ziyobe-ke seziphuthuma lapholukhala ngakhona Lapho-ke ngibafungeoMshazi bebonke ezweni kuyofa gula linamasi.Sekuyothi-ke zingaphelela izinsizwaoSongweni kuphume inqina alandwe uKoto,seziyomthwala phela. Lapho siyongenakwaSalabenaba, sishaye wena nja, wena nkomowena nkukhu sithathe intombi sihambe nayo.Ngalrusasa kuyosa kumi umhlambi wezinkomoezingamashumi amabili noma amathathuesangweni, uphuma oSongweni ngoba phelasiyobe sishweleza ulaka futhi sesilobola njalo.Uyobe eqala-ke uKoto ukulotsholwa ngempelahhayi 10 mdlalo wesishimane saseNhlambeniesikhipha izinkomo eziyisithupha kanye nemali.Izwe lonke liyokwazi ukuthi uKoto ulotsholwengezinkomo ezithi mol Hhayiumkhoshokhosho wemali. (Athule abhekeuMathikalala.)MathikaJala: Hawu! Uthi awubhedli yona impi kodwa!Sengathi kuzochitheka igazi phela kubangwauKoto. Angizukuvumelana-ke mina nalokho.Ngeke nje kuze kulunge. Futhi phela ngekeuqhathe impi ezweni lenkosi. Ungaboshwaizandla nezinyawo, okukanye ubulawenokubulawa, ungaphinde-ke ujabulele ukubanoKoto lowo. Uma ufika nezinsizwa ezingakoemzini wakithi uthi ngeke uphumengesamagundane nje?Magqubu:Asithintwa thina IThunzi liyaziwa. lzinsizwaezike zizame inhlanhla lapha kithi uYanguyekodwa naye akasondeli uma sesivukeumbhejazane. Ngakho-ke ngiyazi mina ukuthile nto engiyishoyo izofezeka njengoba ngisho.237

Wena nje kuyomele usheshe usilayele indlulapho uKoto engakhonaUma usuphumelela 10 mkhuba insizwa izovuka ngakusasa ithumele abakhongiukuyobhula umlilo.Esinye isizathu esidala ukuba intonbi ithwalwe ukuba abakubo bengafuni ukuba iganeleyo nsizwa ngoba bona befuna ethile mhlawumbe ngoba leyo izalwa kwandlwananoma kwenye inkathi ingadumile.Uma insizwa ibhekene nalesi simo esinje,iyithanda ngempela intombi iyaphoqeleka kuthi iyithwale.Lokhu kufakazelwauNyembezi noNxwnalo, (1966:115) lapho bethi:Kwakulisiko lakwaZulu ukuba intombi ithwalwe yisokanezihlobo zalo noma ngabangani. Lokhu kwakuvame ukubakwenziwe uma kulukhuni ukuba umuntu agcagce nentombiayithandayo ngendlela efanele. Mhlawumbe kwakungavimbaabakubo kantombazane benqikaza ukuyiganisa intombi yaho.Kwakwenziwa futhi uma intombi ihlangene nomuntuemthanda kakhulu kanti isiyingoduso. Mhlawumbe uyisewentombazane njalo uyiganisa lapho ibingathandi khonaKwesinye isikbathi kwakuze kufike ebangeni lokushadangempela, kodwa kuthi ebusuku kuzoshadwa ngakusasaathwalwe umakoti.lzinsizwa azifuni ukwaliwa ngoba lokho kuzidumisa kabi futhi kuwumshophi. Umainsizwa yaliwe yintombi kanti uthando lusaphuphuma ngaphakathi ensizweninakhona kulesi simo yakha itulo lokuthi ithwalwe intombi.Lokhu kufakazelwauMsimang, (1975:228) lapho ethi:Okunye futhi okubi ukuthwala intombi uma seyalile. Phelaisoka liye limeme izinsizwa nontanga zalo ihlaselwe inganeyabantu embuthanweni othile noma ejadwini. Kuyothi laphonayo isilungela ukugoduka ibhekise amabombo ngasekhaya,kanti ayibuzanga elangeni. Lizoqbamuka isoka eselaliwe238

nabangane halo ithathwe ngendluzula idonswe isontwe ingaloyephuke kubenjeya Ishaywe nayo ikhale. Umakunabanewabo ececeni lelo kusuke impi kuliwe. Umaabakwasokela OOnqobile iyoganiswa ngenkani. Emvakwezinsukwana kuthunyelwe abakhongi kuyise, iyocelwaPho-ke izinkomo ziyalutheza yini o)umanzi? Endeumntanabantu endele endodeni abengasayithandi.Nakhona OOlu kusuka esinamathambo ngoba mhIawumOO kuyenzeka kulowo msindokuOO khona abafowabo bentombi kumOO isoka elisha bese zidumelana kuOOkuncaneindawo.Ngenkathi intombi ithwalwa ayincengwa ngoba isuke nayo ingafuniizabalaza yingakho kusetshenziswa indluzula uma kwenziwa lesi siga Kuba ngconouma intombi ithwalwa yilabo balapho ithanda khona mhlawumbe uma uyise efunaigane kwenye indawo kanti yona izifela ngomunye.Uma ithwalwa yilowo ezifelangaye kuthi cosololo enhliziyweni yayo.Kuzo zonke izimo zokuthwalwa kwentombi, ekugcineni kufanele kwazeke ukuthiumntwana wabantu unyamalele nje ulibhekisekuphi.Yingakho ekugcineni abenzelesi siga bayaziveza basho ukuthi abakubokantombi abafunele neno.Lokhukufakazelwa uNyemOOzi noNxumalo, (1966:113) lapho ethi:Lapho isithwaliwe intombi, abayithwa1ile babethumela izwikuho kantombazane bathi abakwasibanibani kabafunele neno.Bese kushaywa izinkomo-ke, abalrubo ntombazanebaphindisele eza1abo bantu akade befuna indodakazi yabokuqalaNoma intombi ibingenalo uthando Iwensizwa ekugcineni lugcina selwakhekilekwenye inkathi ngokusetshenzwa ngemithi kanti kwenye ngokusabela ukuphindiselaizinkomo emuva ngoba izinkomo aziluthezi olunenkume kwelikaMthaniya Kwenyeinkathi intombi ayidingi kuthwalwa ngoba kuyenzeka uyise ayithume ukuba239

iyomudlela izinkomo kosibanibani.luyakheka lugcine seludlondlobele.Noma uthando belungekho entombini kephaNebala iyotbi ingazibika insizwa, intombiyenqabe nje seyenzela usiko kodwa ingadonsi isikbatbi eside ukuyivuma insizwaNgaphandle kwakho konke lokhu osekubaliwe izintombi zinalo ilungelo lokutbi umazishiswa uthando Iwensizwa yimbe kepha kutbolakale ukuthi inSizwa ayiboni futhiayizibiki, intombi imane izidele amatbambo iye ngqo kubo kwansizwa iyozibikaIntombi ihamba nezinye noma izihlobo balike ngesokusa kubo kansizwa behubaamahubo okulanda izinkomo.Bazotbi bengafika ophumayo azibuze ukutbi zimangobani bese zilisho igama layo.Vma insizwa ingayithandi intombi imane ishayeichithe ekbaya zithi ziqambe zifika zifike sekukhaia ibhungane.IsiZulu-ke asivumiukutbi intombi ime ngomuntu ongekho. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:228)lapho ethi:Okunye okwabe kwenziwa izintombi ukuthi lapho zithandainsizwa ethiIe, zimane ziyibabale ziyingenele ngesokusa,kuyezwakala sezihuba ingoma yokulanda izinkomo kantizizomela insizwa ethile. Sekuzophuma ophumayo abuzeukuthi zima ngobani nempela ziyisho leyo nsizwa Pho-keyake yaliwa yini intombi? Isibona nje insizwa ukuthi yazeyavelelwa. Phela akwejwayelekile ukuba kube insizwaeyeshelwayo, impela iphelelwa amagama Vma kukhonaoyihlebele insizwa leyo yayibaleka ingalali ekhaya ukuze zitbizifika ibe ingekho, kube isindile-ke belu ngoba phela ukwnangomuntu ongekho akusebenzi.5.6 UkukhuzelaUsuke ungeyona insizwa yomZulu uma utbe uhlangana nentombi ubumbe umlomo,uwuhlabe inhlali sengathi awububoni ubuhle bendalo. Isiko lakitbi kwaZulualiwufuni nakuwubona 10 mkhuba ngoba kuyinhJamba ephindaphindiwe ukwenza lesi240

sehlo.Noma ngabe intombi ingayithandi iyayikhuzela kepha icophelele kungafaninoma ikhuzela intombi eyithandayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uKhumalo, (1993:68) laphoethi:Kithi kwaZulu kunenkolelo yokuthi intombi ayedlulwa,ngakho insizwa inesibopho sokukhuzela uma kwedlulaintombi noma izintombi ngoba iqinisile okanye igcina isiko.Uma-ke igcina isiko, iyaye ikhuzele ibuye nganeno ngobaphela nomgod' onganukwanja usungahle uthi ngibonwangubani, nmnakashele aze awukhomOO onotshwalaUma intombi sekuyinsakavukela ukuba ingakhuzelwa uma ihlangana nezinsizwaabazali baphatheka kabi bese bephoqeleka ukuba babhukule bafuneamakhathakhatbana okudambisa 10 mshophi.Isizathu esidala ukuthi banyakazeukuthi uma OObukela bengathathi zinyathelo hleze umendo iwuzwe ngendabaokuyisimo esingathandwa muntu ngoba bonke abazali babheke amabhekaUmainsizwa yenze lesi senzo kufana nokuthi iyethukile intombi ngoba kusuke kuchazaukuthi ayintombi yalutho. UMsimang, (1975:225) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Intombi ethe idlula ezinsizweni azayikhuzela kwakuthiwainomnyama omubi. Yayiye yenzelwe nayo ubulawu ukuzeiOOnogazi. Uma kwehlula lapho, kwakubikelwa isalukazi OOseyenzelwa umseOOnzi kukhulunywe nabaphansi ukuba basuseumnyama lowo, ifakwe isiphandla saleyo mbuzi. Kwakulichilokabi ukuba intombi yedlulwe izinsizwa Phelababengatbakaselwa muntu ozendazamshiya, nemijendevuegngela ezinsisheni kuhle kwebutho leNgcugce.Kulisiko elithokozelwa uwonkewonke ukuzwa insizwa ikhuzela intombi qedeizibonge. Kuthi cosololo nasentombini ngoba ibona ukuthi ubuntombi bayobuyabonakaJa futhi buyatuseka Lokho kufakazelwa uNyemOOzi noNxumalo,(1966:111) lapho oothi:241

Intombi yayithanda (noma yayingakhombisi) lapho ikhuzelwangoba leso kwakuyisibonakaliso sokuthi nempela izinsizwasiyayibona ukuthi nayo iyintombi.UKhumalo, (1993 :68) naye ushaye1ela isipikili kulo mbono lapho ethi:Kuyiqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi intombi uma ikhuzelwa igazi1iyasukuma, ishayele phezulu, nayo izizwe iyintombi phakathikwezinye izintombi, uZulu ephelele phela.Ezinye izintombi zikhombisa ngenkathi insizwa ikhuzela ukuthi lukhona uthandonoma cha. Kwenye inkathi noma ngenkathi insizwa ikhuzela iyona ebekaumhlahlandlela ukuthi insizwa izophumelela noma cha, okusho ukuthi isuke izwaamanzi ngobhoko.Ngenxa yokuthi insizwa iphoqekile ngokwesiko ukuthi uma ikhuzela intombiingakhethi ukuthi intombi inhle noma imbi noma iyayithanda noma cha kuyenzekaikhuzele nomgodi onganukwanja.Uma ihIangabezane nale mbibizane kufaneleikhuzele ibuye nganeno ngoba ingagcina isingene kunoxhaka ingahlosile.Umaikhuzela intombi efayo ngayo, kufanele ikhuzele ize ime ngonyawo olulodwa. Umainsizwa ikbuzela intombi eyeshe1ayo futhi eyizwa ngaphakathi ayimane iyikhuzeleesigcawini kubona noma ubani kepha iyicuthela ndaweni yimbe okungabasesikhotheni noma icuthe ngesihlahla bese ivumbuka intombi ingazelele, ikhuzeleukuze intombi ishaywe uvalo bese itatazela.Ngenkathi isakhungathekile kululaukuthi insizwa imane iyihile ngamazwi ivume ingaqondile. UKhumalo, (1993:68)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:242

Ngiyamtbanda umthakathi wezindaba wensizwa uma ebuthiseemenweni ngasemthonjeni. Phela usuke elinde itshitshielithile ukuba azibike ubuze bakhe nobendlu yakwabo. Kobaaliqhamukile lelo tshitshi, wocuthisa okwekati lilindeleukusuka lihlale enyonini okanye egundwaneni. Uyoliyekaitshitshi lize, lize, lize kube sengathi uthi wazithela msobhoeswayini, wazithela ogibeni ungasaqali. Ngale nkathiinhliziyo yebhungu isuke isiduduza ngamandla esifubenisengathi usephezu kwempi. Liyothi nje uma lithi liyedlulaitshitshi lingazelele, insizwa iyosukisa okonyazi Iwemambaemnyama, indlondlo phela lapho isagadla Umthakathiwezindaba uyokhonyisa okwenkunzi - kudume amawasengathi yuhlanya selusukwe yibhungane entwasahlobo.Izindlela zokukhuzela zehlukile izigodi ngezigodi.Insizwa ayimane idazulukeikhuzele nje, kufanele emveni kokukhuzela insizwa izihashe ibeka umlanjwana ngayoukuze intombi yazi ukuthi ibhekene nensizwa yakwabani, kuphi nezalwa abantuabanjani nabakuliphi izinga ngokwempilo.Isuke igcagcele esokeni uma insizwaizalwa emndenini odla izambane likampondo ngoba kubalula ukuthi intombi iluthekekalula Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:225) lapho ethi:Kuningi ukukhuzela futhi kwehlukablukile ngezigodingezigodi, kepha yileyo naleyo nsizwa yakwaZulu yayineleikhuzele maqede bese izihasha yazisa izintombi ukuthi yonaingubani kabani. Phela uma uyise enesikhundla esithile nomaenguthilasizwe wesigodi, ingahle ibenegugu lakho lokhointombazane, bese ilutheka ngomfana lowo ozibongayo.Ziningana izikhuzelo ezikhona kithi kwaZulu futhi yileso naleso sinomlayezo othileesiwethulayo entombini. Nasi esinye esijwayelekile:Dudlu mntanethu! Zala abantu ziy' ebantwini, akukho ntombiyagana inyamazane!243

Kulezi zikhuzelo insizwa isuke iyitshela ingcaca intombi ukuthi noma ngabeisiqomile iqome umuntu ofana nayo hhayi isilwane. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang,(1975:224) lapho ethi:Ngokusho njalo insizwa isuke izibika ikakhulukazi entombinieliqhikiza ithi, nayo ingumuntu njengesoka layo. Kokunyeisuke izibika etshitshini, ithi, noma lingayala lophelelakomunye ongumuntu njengayo, hhayi isilwane.Esinye isikhuzelo yileso esithi: "Oseyishayile akakayosi, oseyosile akakayidlinoseyidlile udIe icala." Lesi sikhuzelo sikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi ayikho insizwaengama ngamlenze munye ithi uma isiqonyiwe intombi ngeyayo angeke yadlulelakwabanye. Intombi iyalala isoka iqome abanye. Ngamanye amazwi intombiiyakhishwa esokeni kungabi ndabazalutbo.Esinye isikhuzelo esejwayelekile esithi: "Gegelagege, ntaba zouke ziyangigegela."Lesi sikhuzelo insizwa isuke izincengela entombini ukuthi iyizwele.Kuyaziwaukuthi izintaba ziyinto engaphili ngakho-ke azikhulumi ngakho ngeke zikwaziukuyihleka.Ngakho-ke uma isihlekwa nayizintaba kusho ukuthi zonke izintoziyayibhedela ngakho icela intombi iyizwele ukuqeda 10 mshophi. USibisi, (2003)uphawula kanje ngalesi sikhuzelo:Ukutbi gegelagege kusho umsindo owenzeka uma umuntuekhuluma phakathi kwezintaba noma emaweni. Kubanomsindo omkhulu ophindaphinda okushoyo kube sengathiizintaba namawa nakho kuyananela ekuhlekeni.lzinsizwa zingakhuzela zithi: "Iyaphi emazolweni."Intombi uma izohlangananezinsizwa ziyayisinda bese ibona kungcono ukuthi ingahlangabezani nazo.244

Izinsizwa zinomkhutshana wokuthi uma intombi ihamba yodwa zidlale ngayo, yileyoiphonse amazwana angemnandi entombini, kwenye inkathi ziyiteketisa.Ngalesisizathu izintombi ziyazigwema izinsizwa uma zihamba ngazodwana bese zikhuzelaizinsizwa ukuthi noma ingabaleka ihambele buqamama kuhle kwelanga lasebusikaziyoze zinqwamane nayo ziyeshele. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:224)lapho ethi:Iyaphi emazolweni. Lapho kusuke kushiwo entombinienhlanhlathayo mhIawumbe ngoba ibona izinsizwa ziziningi,bese zikhuzela ziyazisa ukuthi ziyoze ziyibone.5.7 UknshikilaIzintombi kwaZulu zifundiswa ebunganeni bazo zisencane, ziqambe sezibangamatshitshi zibe sezazi kamhlophe ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwemizimbayazo. Amaqhikiza abamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuziphatheni kwezintombi elekelelananomamaIntombi enamabele awile nezinqe ezithambile ayithandeki kwelakithingoba kusuke kukhombisa ukuthi isimekeziwe.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu izintombiziyiphathisa okwezikhalizamaNtungwa imizimba yazo nabazali bayayalisisa.Lokhu kufakazelwa uDlamini, (1996:05) lapho eveza khona uMaMbedu eyalaabazukulu bakhe kanje:Kuyoba ngcono uma kuyoba njalo. Into eguqula isimo somuntuwesifazane sibe njengalawa ma-apula eniwaphethe umuntuwesilisa. Ukllkhangisa ngabo bonke ubnkhazikhazi bomhlabaAkwethembise izulu nomhlaba kanti ufuna ukuhlanekezelaubuwena abufanise nalawa ma-apula abolile. Wena-keuyabathe-ke uzwa lezi zethembiso kanti usenga ezimithiyo.Ngiqonde ukuthi ubungane obudinga wena usebenzise lImzimbawakho kowesilisa nibugweme, ngoba banele babone ukuthiulula ngaleyo ndlela bathi bu okwezinambuzane. Wena-ke uze245

ube ipigogo ngoba uthi uyintandokazi kanti honke bafunaukuzwa amanzi ngobhoko. Ngezinh1iziyo bathi lala lulazasizokwengulaIntombi enomzimba ongasaphelele neseyomwe umfana ayibi naso isibindisokuveza umzimba wayo, angiyiphathi eyokushikilaUNyembezi noNxumalo,(1966:112) balichaza kanje leli siko:Ukusbikila elinye isiko lokujabulisana nezintombikwakuyikucela izintombi ukuba zishikile. Yayingaphenduliintombi, yayivele ifulathele yembule, ikhombise izinqe, beseinsizwa ihonga-ke mhlawumbe isitusa nokuma kable,isizihambe1a intombi.Nalo 1eli siko laliphathelene nokuqomisa ngoba insizwayayinakho ukuqala ibalisa, ize ibe yisesheli nje bo esivuthiwe.Kungumkhuba wesiZulu ukuthi uma insizwa ihlangana nezintombi bese idumbaeyodwa iyicele ukuba iyembule1e. Isuke igcagcele esokeni entombini ezethembayouma insizwa yenze leso sicelo ngoba ayinanazi imane ilipbakamise ngokukhululekaipense. Uma intombi imanqika ukwenza 1eli siko, kusho ukuthi kukhona okushayaamanzi. Lokhukufakaze1wa uMsimang, (1975:225) lapho ethi:Uma intombi izenyeza ngomzimba wayo, kwakusho ukuthiayiphilile, kukhona ekufihlayo njengokuthi ikhulelwe.Yingalokho zazibamba ngamabele ngaphandle ukuzeizinsizwa zizibambe khona emabeleni ziwezwe ukuqinakwawo okukhombisa ukuthi leyo ntombazane ayikonakali.Yuokho okwakuzikhllthaza ekuziphatheni kallle ukuze zingabinakuzinyezaInhloso yensizwa yokucela ukuthi intombi iyishikilele ukufuna ukubona ukumakwedanda nokushikila kwayo. Intombi enedanda elibanzi isuke izifakele isibunge246

ezinsizweni ngoba liyathandeka.Izinsizwa ziyeshela ubuthaphuthaphu nayo izeidideke. Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:226) lapho ethi:lntombi edanda libanzi yabe yaziswa kakhulu. lntombieyisidudla yabe ingaluthezi olllmanzi. Yisilungu lesiesesifundise amantombazane akuthi ukuzondisa bathi bafuna i­figa. lntombi eshikile kakhulu wawungezwa kuthiwa isuzelakude noma kuthiwe isuzela oNdini. Ubuhle bensizwa kwabekuyizinkomo nokuhlabana kuphela, kukhona nje-ke okunyeokufana nobugagu, nobuntengu, bobuciko.Lo mkhutshana uyatuseka ngoba namatshitshi uwafica ekuthokozela ukuzihambelangamabele awo amile athi mpo.Izinsizwa zinalo ilungelo lokuwatobotobozaamabele zizwe ukuthi asaqinile futhi zingabekwa calaKusatuseka ukuthi nomaizipbatbimandla zikubona kuyicala ukwenza lokhu izigodi ezmmgIkwelikaMthaniya zisalenza leli siko ngempumelelo.lntombazane ayilokothiimboze amabele ngaphandle kosenomntwana onelungelo lokuwambozaUMsimang, (1975:177) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Kwabe kulisiko kuqala ukuba intombazane ihIale njaloiwavezile amabele. Bekuthiwa ihIola umuga umaintombazane ike yemboza amabele. Phela lokho bekuchazaukuthi ikhulelwe. Umuntu osenomntwana kuphelaongawavezi amabele ngesiZulu. Amabele ayeze asithweisiphuku kuphela ngoba isona ebesembathwa lapho kuhanjwaizwe noma ImmakbazaIsuke ipbakathi komhlane nembeleko insizwa ezalwa nezintombi hhayi ngobaizodla izibondlo noma amabheka kepha ngoba kuyenzeka odadewabo bamboneleintombi bese bayamshelela yona uthuli. Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathi zize ziyigojeleinsizwa ingazange ibeke ngisho elilodwa leli.Uma kuvela isimo esinje nabo247

odadewabo wensizwa banelungelo lokucela ukuthi intombi leyo ibashikilele umabehlangana nayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uBryant, (1949:566) lapho ethi:In the Zulu youth's search for a typical beauty, none helpedmore faithfully and effectively that did his sisters. Theirbrother's need was always in their minds, and as they movedabout the land and kraals, they kept eyes open for anything hemight admire. Going along the road, many a strange girl theywould chance to meet. Saluting her, and in playful imitationof their brother's custom, they would beg of her to 'choose'(ukuqoma) them in marriage. The other girl having consented,they would ask her to 'uncover' her person (ukwambula);whereupon she would expose her buttocks for their admiration.Upon reaching home, "Oh! what a beautiful daughter So-andsohas", would be their report to their brother.Leli siko liyancomeka kakhulu ngoba lenza izintombi zakithi zihlalengamazonzwane ziyiqaphe ngeso lokhozi imjzimba yazo. Ngokwenza njalo ngekezaba yisisulu sabafana futhi nesifo lesi esiwumbulalazwe zingathiyeka5.8 Ukushaya inyoka endleleniKusancomeka ukuthi izinsizwa nezintombi ezindala namakhehla akhona laphakwelikaJama basenemizimba eqinile.Iningi labo lisagabadula ngonobhadulakusukela kusempondozankomo lize liyozihlala kunina kepha bengabiki kuxhwalaYingakho iningi labantu kwelikaMthanyia bengaphathwa kalula izifongobabayazivocavoca ngokuhamba amabanga amade belibhada phansi.lzinsizwa zonazijwayele ukuligabadula ngezinyawo umaziyokweshela noma ziya emsindweniethile.Azihambi zivathazela, ziphatha izinduku ukuze zikwazi ukuzivikelaEndleleni izinsizwa zihlangana nabantu abanhlobonhlobo kubingelelwaneziqhubeke nohambo lwazo.Kepha uma zihlangana nezintombi, ziyama zeshele248

ngoba isiko lesiZulu alivumi ukuthi intombi idlulwe uma isimo singavumimblawumbe izinsizwa ziyaphutha ziye zicele ukuthi izintombi lezo zishaye inyokaendleleni. UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:Ill) bawuchaza kanje 10 mkhuba:Ukushaya inyoka endleleni kusho ukukhetha insizwa eyodwakweziningi okwakungaba yiyona owawungayiqoka ukubawawunokuqoma kuzo.Lo mkhuba wenziwa ngokuthi uma izinsizwa zihlangana nezintombi zingahlosekweshela ziphonse phansi izinduku bese zicela ezintombini ukuthi zishaye inyokaendleleni.Yileyo naleyo ntombi isizokhetha induku eyodwa eyibona iyinhle.Kuyothi uma sezikhethile zonke bese bevela abanikazi bazo, babonge kuhlekwekube njeya bese kuyahlukwanaLokhu kukhethana ngezinduku akusho ukuthiizintombi ngokwenza njalo sezizithwalise ijoka lokuthi seziqomile ngempela kephakusuke kudlalwa Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:226) lapho ethi:Kwakulisiko elihle futhi ukuthi lapho izinsizwa zihlangananezintombi bese ziphonsa izinduku zazo phansi bese zithiezintombini: "Ake nishaye inyoka endleleni!"Ngalokho zisho ukuthi izintombi azikhethe indukukweziphonswe phansi. Uma zizikhethile, kusho ukuthi ukubabekuqonywa ngabe zimqomile umnini nduku leyoeziyikhethi1e. Kwakungumkhuba nje wokudlala lowo,kwakungasho ukuthi leyo nsizwa isizothi iqonyiwe ngempela,nokho kwakuba intokozo, nento yokuklolodela ontangangokuthi llmnininduku leyo ekhethiwe ulisokaKwenye inkathi kuyenzeka izintombi zibe zincane ngobuningi kunezinsizwa, lokhookuchaza ukuthi amathuba okukhethwa ezinsizweni mancane.Lezo nsizwaezikhethiwe esimweni esinje ziye zizigqaje ngokuthi zingamasoka ziqholosheleontanga249

Noma 10 mkbutshana kungumdlalo izinsizwa ezikade zazinethwa zimvulazingenandawo yokukhosela ziyalisebenzisa leli thuba ngokuthi ziyibuze intombiukuthi ingeyakwabani bese iphosa amazwana izwa amanzi ngobhoko.Kwenyeinkathi kugcinwe sekuxhunyenwe insizwa ibe isesheli esivutha uphondo.Usungathola ukuthi mahlayeni insizwa isiyehlulile intombi.Lokhu kufakazelwauNyembezi noNxumalo, (1966:111) lapho bethi:Lokhu uIrudlala nje, imvamisa akukho nsizwa ebe isisizakalangokuthi leyo ntombi sekungeyayo. Kodwa-ke insizwaengllmakadebona yayibekisa bese ilokhu ilandelandela,incengancenga, kuze kulunge kanti kwakuqale nje ngomdlalo.USibisi, (2003) uphawula kanje ngalo mkhutshana:Lo mkhutshana wethiwa leli gama ngesizailiu sokuthi umainsizwa inqamula izinka10 ayihambi ivathazela njengeninakepha iphatha izinduku ezimbili okuzothi noma kuqhamukainyoka ikwazi nokuyishaya Akwaziwa-ke ukuthi nyoka ndiniuyoqhamuka nini. Nezintombi eziqhamuka kungazelelwezifaniswa nokuthushuka kwenyoka endleleni.Muhle 10 mkhutshana ngoba ezinye izinsizwa zigcina zidle umhlanganiso, ufundisaizintombi inhlonipho ngoba nesiZulu siyasho ukuthi "ihlonipha nalaphoingeyukwendela khona"5.9 Ukubuza kuqalaIsizwe samaZulu isizwe esibazisa ngendlela eyisimanga ubuhlobo. Noma ubuhlobobungakude kangakanani mhlawumbe ngokhokho kodwa umZulu uyakuqhwanda250

abusondeze eduzane lobo bublobo.Vma umZulu ehlangana nomuntu uyamgudaembuza nemvelaphi yakhe ukuze afhole kahle ukuthi abukho ubublobo.Vma insizwa ihlangana nentombi ayilokothi yeshele ingakayitholi imvelaphiyentombi. Insizwa iyabuza ukuthi "Mntanethu ungowakwabani?" Intombiisizozisho ukuthi ingeyekwabani ekutheni.Noma intombi ingathandi ukunikezaisesheli ithuba lokuzibika kodwa iyaqikelela ukuzisho ukuthi ingeyakwabani.Inhloso yalokhu ukuthi ingasheli isihlobo sayo.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang,(1975:225) lapho ethi:Kwakungumkhuba wesiZulu futhi ukuba kuthi nxashanainsizwa ihlangana nezintombi engazazi, ingalokothi yesheleingakabuzi ukuthi zizalwa kobani, nokuthi zithanda kobani.Phela kwakwesatshwa ukuthi umuntu angahle eshele isihlobosakhe noma intombi eqome isihlobo sakhe.Ngaphandle kokusabela ubublobo izinsizwa azilokothi zeshele intombi eqomeontanga esigodini sinye ngoba intombi eqome esigodini iyahlonishwa kuoosengathi iqome isigodi sonkana.Ngaphandle kokublonipha ontanga kunokusabaukuthi zingaxabana izinsizwa zesigodi lokho okungaba lihlazo.Yingakho enyeinhloso yokubuza kuqala ukuthi zithanda kobani ukuze kugwemeke lenxushunxushu.Lokhu kufakazelwa uNyemOOzi noNxumalo, (1966:112) laphooothi:Kwakulisiko lakwaZulu ukuba ngaphambi kokuba insizwayeshele entombazaneni iyibuze ukuthi yakhombaphi. lsho-keintombazane ukuthi iqome kwabani, noma-ke ilandule ithiiseyingane ayikakakwenzi yona lokho. Ukubuzakwakwenzelwa ukuba umuntu angakhulumisi intombi ethanda"kubo", abesibongo, izihlobo zakhe, noma ontanga yaboesigodini esisodwa.251

USibisi, (2003) yena ubeka kanje ngaleli siko:Empeleni ukubuza kuqala kuwukuzwa amanzi ngobhoko.Intombi elishinga imane ibe isimungulu uma ukhuluma nayoingavumi nokukunikeza nethutsbana kanti uma ima ivumaukukukhulumisa ithemba liba khona.Yize izinsizwa zibuza ukuthi ntombi ndini wakhombaphi zisuke zikwaziukweblukanisa phakathi kwetshitshi, iqhikiza kanye nengodusi.Lokhu zikubonangemVllllulo.Itshitshi elingakajutshwa libonakala ngokumbatha umutsha kanyenesigege kuphela kanti eselijutshiwe libonakala ngokugqoka unomndindi nomaisidiya kanti iqhikiza Iona libonakala ngokublonipha ekbanda liphinde lihloniphiseamabele ngobuhlalu obuyizibebana Ngezansi kuba injweza kuthi ngaphezulu kubeumutsha wamaqhikiz3Ingodusi yona iyawuhlonipha umzimba ngoba isinelungelolokusinisa ezindwendweni ngakho umzimba liyawuhlonipha ngoba seyacelwa.Imbatha isidwaba nezitshodo kanye nezicwayo.UMsimang, (1975:178)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Ingodusi ibonakala ngokwembatha isidwaba bese yenzauxolo phezu kwamabele kepha ingawavali. Ikhanda Ionailiblonipha ngeziqhova zobuhlalu noma zensonto.Kusancomeka ukuthi leli siko lisalandelwa lapha kwelikaMthaniya ngobaliwumgogodla ekuvimbeleni ukuganana kwezihlobo. Ezinye izizwe ziyawenza 10mkhuba woknganana kweziblobo ngoba zikholelwa ekutheni uma intombi iganeisihlobo izophatheka kahle. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:225) lapho ethi:252

Kwabe kulichilo eIikhulu lelo kumaZulu. Wona aOO engafanineminye imihlobo njengezizwe zaseNyakatho, ikakhulukaziabeSuthu abathanda ukuqonywa nokuganwa yizo kanyeizihlobo zabo bese kuthiwa izinkomo zibuyele esibayeni,kuphinde kuthiwe uyophatha kahle umasibanibani ngobaeyisihlobo sakhe. Kuhle nakho lokho, yileso naleso sizwesinarnasiko aso.IsiZulu sithi lixhoshwa libhekile, lokho okuchaza ukuthi kwenye inkathi umuntuuqikelela ukuthi angalenzi iphutha kodwa lenzeke.Nakho lapha ekuqomanenikuyenzeka ithi ibuze iqedile kutholakale ngesikade ukuthi kunobuhlobo obukhonaikakhulukazi ngawonina noma ngoninakhulu.Uma kunalesi simo kuhlatshwaimbuzi emhlophe ukubhula umlilo ngalelo phutha ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi umalingenziwanga leli siko, labo abaganene kanjalo bangazithola oothola abantwanaabangaphilile ngokwengqondo noma bakhubazeke emzimOOni. Leli sikolokuhlatshwa kwale mbuzi kuthiwa ukubulala igula. Lokhu kufakazelwauNyemOOzi noNxumalo, (1966:113) lapho oothi:Inkolo ukuthi lapho izihlobo zithuke ziganana kungenziwangaimicimbi efanele, zizala izilirna ngoba amadlozi asukeengawllthakaselanga umshado wazo.Kuhlatshwa imbuzi emhlophe, kucelwe kwabaphansi ukubabathalalise, bese OOganana-ke labo abathandene OOyizihlobo.Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kushadwe.NoMsimang, (1975:225) naye ushayela isipikili esekela 10 mbono lapho ethi:Kwakuthi uma kwenzekile ngephutha elikhulu ukuba insizwaitbandane nentombi eyisihlobo sayo, kokunye ngawoninanoma ngawoninakhulu, knbJatshwe imbuzi emhlophe kantiuma kuyisihlobo esiseduze kuhlatshwe inkomo emhlophekuhlanzwe idlozi. Kwakukholwa ukuthi umakungenziwanga lokho, abantwana abayozalwa yilabo bantubayoba izidalwa. Kokunye babevele baxole labo abaqomene,behlukane lungazange luphele.253

Leli siko lihle kakhulu ngoba ligwema ukuthandana kwezihlobo, ukweshelaintombi eqome ontanga esigodini esisodwa okungadala uthuthuva5.10 UkwedJulisa utbi lomzimbaIsiZulu sithi "lzintaba ezikude zingumasithela" Lesi saga sisetshenziswaizithandani noma izesheli lapho sezibulawa umzwangedwa sezilangazelela ukubonaontabaziyadilika noma labo ezisazama ukubenza bona Alukho olutheniolungenziwa intombi uma ikhumbule isesheli sayo ngoba noma ngabe izosiqomaakufanele ikhombise ukuba lulaNgaphandle kwalokho usikompilo lwesiNtualuhambisani nokuthi intombi ihambe ifuna isesheli; lokhu ngabe ukuzilulazaokuphindiwe.Insizwa yona inalo ilungelo eligcwele lokuthi uma ibona ukuthiishiswa uthando kepha isimo singaphezu kwamandla ayo ukuthi ithole ithubalokuyoyifesela, imane izidele amathambo, inikele ngakubo kwentombi iyozidlisasatshanyana ngethemba lokuthi ucilo uzothuka ezishaya endukwini, iyiboneintombi leyo. Lokhu kusekelwa uMsimang, (1975:227) lapho ethi:Kwakuthi lapho insizwa izwa ikhumbule isesheli sayo kephaibona ukuthi ithuba lokuyoyifesela alikho, imane izideleamathambo iyokwedlulisa uthi lomzimba Kokunyeyayivunula nje kuphela bese inikela khona kanti kwesinyeisikhathi yayiye ithathe ugubhu lwayo noma abadlokwe,(kuthe lomafika abelungu zinsizwa zeshela ngezinkositininangezigingci) inikele khona Lapho ayizukulushaya ugubhuizidlala ngalo. Izohaya lapho kudume amawa kwenaneleimihosha, koye kuzwakale kuso isesheli imbala Laphoisihamba ikekela ilingisa ilanga lasebusika insizwa yakwabo,ilokhu izibonge njalo. Kuthi ingani iya eduze, kepha ikeinqamule amaqele, yewuse izintaba, ithathela kuze kubesengathi iya kwenye indawo kanti qha254

Insizwa ilala obenyoni uma ingakayihluli intombi, icabanga amaqhinga okuyihila.Uthando uma selukugabhile uvaleka amehlo, uzibone usuwenze intoengaqondakali. Neusizwa ngokunjalo kuye kwenzeke ithuba lokuyozibikaentombini lingaveli yize insizwa ikwazi lapho intombi ikha khona amanzi nomalapho itheza khona.Kwenye inkathi kuthi noma seyihlelile nentombi ukuthibazobonana nini kepha insizwa ibone 1010 suku selukude kakhulu ikakhulukazi umaibona ukuthi nmango uyehlela ngasentombini.Uma insizwa ibhekene nalezi zingqinamba imane izidele amathambo, ithatheugubhu lwayo okungaba yinkositini noma isigingci, ivunule iconse iqonde ngakubowentombi.Lapho isuke isikhipha unyawo isihaya kudume amawa nemihoshaukuze nesesheli siphume sidonswa yilo mnkenenezo wogubhu, sizame amaqhingaokuphuma siyozwa amazwi amtoti kule nsizwa. Uma isimo simi mazonzo, iseshelisingenawo amaqhinga okuphwna, insizwa imane izidele amathambo iyozicelisaamanzi kubo kwayo intombi. Nayo-ke isuke isicuthile ukuthi uma izicelisa amanzikube yiyona eyikhelelayo.Ngenkathi iwaphuza ilokhu iwajikijela amazwana.Noma abadala bengengane, bebona bayathalalisa ungathi ababoni ngobabawabheke ngabomvu amabheka. UMsimang, (1975:227) uyakweseka lokhu laphoethi:Uma ngabe inesikali eseshelini, sasiwachitha ngisho sesibuyileemfuleni amanzi, sesenza iqhinga lokuphuma siyohlangananale nsizwa, kesizwe aphuma emlonyeni wayo. Umasingalitholanga iqhinga Iokuphuma, yayizidela insizwayakwabo yenziwa uthando, iye iyongena emzini 10wo ikhulekephandle qede icele amanzi. Uma iphuziswe iyo leyo ntombi,iyothi iwaphuza ibe iwanquma amazwi.255

Lihle leli siko ngoba kwenye inkatbi insizwa ithola ithuba elanele lokuzibikaentombini ingaphazanyiswa izimbangi. Kwenye inkathi igeine isiwudlileumblanganiso entombini ngoba intombi ukuthi iyasha ngempela insizwa wuthando.5.11 UkuqonywaIsiZulu sithi "okungapheli kuyahlola". Lokhu kusho ukuthi yonke into eyenziwayoihamba ihambe kufike isikhathi lapho kufanele iphetheke.Kungenzeka isiphethosibe sihle kumbe sibe sibi.Nawo-ke 10 msbikashika wokuqomisa uyaye ufikeemaphethelweni ngokuthi intombi iyiqome insizwa noma igeine ngokwala ukhashaingafuni ukuzwa lutho ngaleyo nsizwaIntombi imane ilikhiphe lime ukuthi ueuaJublangani entanyeni, lokhu okuchaza ukuthi yize insizwa isibeke kangaka,uthando ayinalo.Okuthokozelwa uwonkewonke yilapho intombi isiyivuma insizwa Noma intombiingashiswa uthando ngosuku lokuqala ibonene nensizwa, ayilokothi nangengoziivume ngelanga noma ngesikhashana ngoba lokho kungachaza ukuthi ixegelwaisimilo.UNyembezi, (1963:206) uyakuveza lokhu lapho eveza khona uJabulileezibamba isimilo engafuni ukushesha aqome uVusumuzi owayemaze iminyakabekhula naye ethi:Noma uJabulile wayengakulindele ukuthi uVusiangamkhulumisa kanje, kodwa akexwayanga ngobakwakungumuntu abakhule naye emqonda kahle. KodwauJabulile wabona kufanele ukuba ageine isiko lezintombiezizihloniphayo angasheshe avume kube sengathi uthingibonwa yini. Walokhu esho lokhu esho 10khu engavumiukuphuma nezwi. Kwakumnandi kuye ukuzwa uVusi256

ekhipha amagama obuciko nobuhlakani ezama ukuthambisainhliziyo esikade yathambaIntombi ishelwa isikhatbi eside ukuze nesoka lelo kuthi uma isiliqomile lizigqajengayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:224) lapho ethi:Lo mshikashika wokuqomisa wawuqhubeka amasonto,izinyanga, kanti kokunye kuze kuphele iminyaka ethile.Intombi eyeshelwe isikhathi eside yayenza ukuba isoka layoliziqhenye ngayo kanti esheshe yaqoma kwakuthiwa ilula,ayinasimilo. Okunye okwakwenza ukuba kuphele iminyakakulo kweshelwe intombi kepha ingaqomi ukuthi izimbangilezi zazike ziyisukele intombi kanti ayikajutshwanakujutshwaOkunye okufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi itshitshi alilokothi liqome lingakajutshwaUma lZIllSIZWa ziphonsa amazwana okushela zingakajutshwa zunanezingazikhulumisi. Lokhu kungukuhlonipha umthetho obekwe amaqhikiza.UKrige, (1950:104) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:After her first menstruation, the young men begin to take morenotice ofa girl, but she may not answer them when they speakto her, until she has been given persmission to do so by theolder girls who aleady have sweethearts (the amaqhikiza). Ayoung man may talk to a girl as much as he likes at this stage,and he may even catch the girl and twist her arms to try to gether to speak, but she will not do so. She will not even say,"Leave me alone," but will simply keep quiet.Lo mbono uphindwe wesekelwe uMasondo, (1940:27) lapho ethi:Kwabekuthi nxa insizwa iyoqomisa etshitshini, ifikeilikhulumise lithule-nje lingayiphenduli nempe1a, ngobaamaqhikiza aliphetheyo elitshelile ukuthi lingaze lakulokothaukuyiphendula insizwa eyeshelayo, uma ingakajutshwaInsizwa ibiyeshela uma izintombi zingekho ekhaya,mhlawumbe nxa ziyokha amanzi noma ziyotheza.257

Ibeyathe insizwa iyalivimbela itshitshi ithi lizoyiphendula,phinde, lithule-nje Iale, noma ithi ilibamba kalukhunilizithulele-nje, ize iqede ijokole ihamba iqonda ekhayaUma esejutshiwe amatshitshi, izinsizwa ziwashela ubuthaphuthaphu.Amaqhikizaayasinaka isikhatbi kuthi uma esebona ukuthi amatshitshi kufuze ngabe aseyibonileinsizwa azoyikha abese ebiza umhlangano okuthiwa yintandi.Inhloso yalomhIangano kusuke kungukutshela amatshitshi ukuthi akhulule abafokazi.Ngamanye amazwi amatshitshi asenikezwa imvume yokuthi asengaqoma.Lokhukufakazelwa uNyembezi noNxuma1o, (1966:110) lapho bethi:Nezintombi zazinaso isigaba esasinokufaniswa nokubuthwa;nokho-ke ukujutshwa kwamantombazane kwakungenayoimininingwane eyayenziwa lapho kubuthwa izinsizwaInjongo yalokhu kujutshwa kwezintombi kwakuyikwazisaizintombi ukuthi sezingaqoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-kekayikho intombi eyayithanda umuntu ingajutshwanga, futhiingatshenanga muntu.Bekuthi lapho esejutshiwe-ke amantombazane kupheleisikhashana bese kublangana umhlangano okwakuthiwayintandi. Lapha amantombazane ayebuzwa ukuthiasekhombile yini, uma emaningi angakakhombi elulekweukuba aphumuze "abantababantu": izesheli.Lo mbono uphindwe wesekelwe uKrige, (1950: 104-5) lapho ethi:After another period varying from six months to a year, theamaqhikiza again call the younger girls to the river where theyhold a meeting called intandi. Here they say phumuzaniabafokazi - give the men a rest, by which is meant that theyounger girls may now choose a sweetheart and tell the menwhom they love that they have affection for them.258

Uma amatshitshi esejutshiwe, amaqhikiza ayawaqeqesha kabanzi ukuthi izinsizwaazoziphendula kanjani nokuthi iziphi izimo zokukhuluma okufanele azigweme umaephendula ukuze engahilwa izinsizwa ngamazwi, aqome umuntu ongafanele futhiengaqondile. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:231) lapho ethi:Izintombi lezi zaziyalwa ngamaqhikiza ukuthi zizophendulazithini ngoba uma ziphendule zabheda, insizwa yayisukeibonge bese iqonda emaqhikizeni iyocela ucu lwayo.Amaqhikiza asezoyibuza intombi kutholakale ukuthi yonaayiyiqomanga insizwa, kepha ihiliwe, isizothethiswa kuthiweingunondindwa iqoma iphike, idla amazwi ensizwaNanka amagama ayeqashelwa kakhulu ukuba intombiingawasho uma yeshelwa:''Ngiseyingane.'' Uma isesheli sike sathi siseyingane, insizwaibisuke ibuze odadewabo ukuze phela bayikhombise indlelangoba yona iseyingane. Lokho kwakusho ukuthi isiqomileintombi."Mina angiyazi le nto oyikhulumayo." kwakube igadlile futhiuma isho njalo. Insizwa ibisuka ibonge kuphela ibisiqondaemaqhikizeni iyocela ucu.IsiZulu sithi: "Unya lwabasha luyaphindana", siphinde futhi sithi "kwehlangamphimbo munye".Lezi zaga zombili zinobudlelwane ngoba zombili zivezaukuphatheka kabi okulandelwa impindiselo.NgokunjalO nentombi uma isiqomainsizwa ayimane ilimise ngesihloko ukuthi seyehlulekile kepha yilapho itholaithuba lokuziphindiselela ensizweni ngoba nayo ngenkathi iyeshela izama onkeamaqhinga okuyihilela nokuyijija ngamazwi ukuze ivume ingaqondile.Ziningana izindlela intombi evuma ngazo.Intombi ingathi ensizweni "Hambauyolanda iduku elinamachopho ayisihlanu." NakwaMadala eJudeni alikazi libonwelolu hlobo lweduku ngoba alikho kepha kuyindlela yokusho ukuthi insizwa259

ayixhawule okokugcina ngoba phe1a seyehlulekile.Ngokosiko lwesiZulu abantuabatbandanayo abaxhawulani.Uma insizwa kuyinsizwambuzana, isiduphungaizolwayiza ingazi ukuthi ilithengephi leli dulru, lapho intombi ive1e izibonele ukuthiihlangene nesiphukuphuku esadl' amablul' omkhaz

yeqe amangqashu, ibonge ngobuciko okumhlophe okufananezihlabathi zolwandle.UMasondo, (1940:28) naye uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Uma iqoma intombi yabingasho ukuthi, "Sengikuqomilemanje." Mhlawumbe wabethi angafika umfo lowo,abeseshaywa yingane ngoswazi intombazanyana-nje esencane,noma yilona iqhikiza eliqondene nayo leyontombi eqomayo.Kwesinye isikbathi yona intombi uqobo ithambise amehlo-njeithi, "Salusungiyeka manje usafunani." Noma isho okunye-njeokubonakalisa ukuthi iyamqomaUMaMhlongo, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalo mkhuba:Ngalesi senzo intombi isuke izwa amanzi ngobhoko ukuthiuma isiphambukile endleleni nsizwa ndini iyoyiphatha kanjani.Uma ithe ingane, noma iqhikiza kumbe yona uqobo ithiiyayithintathinta ngoswazi, insizwa ivuke umbhejazaneiphindisele, lokho kobe kuchaza ukuthi intombi ihlangenenezimbila zithutha ngoba kusho ukuthi noma sebeganene iyofaisibhaxu. Noma kungaba buhlungu kangakanani insizwakufanele ibekezele okungenani ingamane ithi galo yephukakunokuphindisela Phela indlela eya empumelelweni idlulaebunzimeni.Kwenye inkatbi intombi ingayibuza insizwa ukuthi "Zingaki izinkukhu zakini."Uma ibuza kanjalo isuke ifuna ukwazi ukuthi zingaki izinkukhu okuyofanela izipheukud1a uma isigane kubo wesesheli leso.Ngokusho njalo isuke ifihla ukuthiisiyiqomile insizwa.Uma insizwa idunguzela emqondweni, iyadideka kwenyeinkathi igijime ibabele ekhaya isayobala lezo zkhukhu. Abayaziyo indaba bamanebayihleke usulu.Amanye amazwi ashiwo intombi uma iqoma yilawa:"Sala usungiyeka manje,usafunani."Noma "Mina sengikuphendulile, angisazi ukuthi ufunani manje."261

Noma ithi: "Awungiyeke mina sengikhathele." Onke la mazwi intombi isuke ishoukuthi isiyehlulekile, uthando lumi ngenhla. Nakhona uma insizwaingahlakaniphile, kuzomane kuhlwe emini, ijabule ife intombi ngoba phela kwehlangamphimbo munye.UXulu, (1994:20) uyakuveza lokhu lapho eveza khona uKoto esekhophoza emvako1ruqoma uMhalaz8 insizwa yase nayo igiya emva ko1ruqonywa kanje:Koto:Yazi-ke muntu wezizwe ukuthi nami angiziphethe.Uyalazi iqhikiza lakwaSalabenaba uMathikalala.Bonana naye-ke ngoba mina udaba lwakholuyangehlula. (Uyakhophoza ubheka phansi).Mhalaza- (Agiye, azibongele.) Wadla 'Mhalazawezintombi'. Wadla "Nkomo seluk' emaqeleni ngobaemathafeni zesaba izulu ukuduma." Wadla'Mthathiwezintombi izimbangi zifake imisila ngaphansikwemilenze ziqhuge ziyokhala konina." (Ayekeukugiya.) Mntanethu ngiyabonga. (Uyahefuzela)Thina nawe sesiyokwakha umuzi wethu phezukwalesi sisekelo esesisibekile. Pho-ke nami le ndabangiyoyixoxa ngiyithini lokhu ngihambaze njengiyavathazela? Abafowethu bayoyemukela kanjaniindaba yami uma nginje?Amaqhikiza yiwona aphethe le nkonzo yo1ruqoma kwamatshitshi futhi abanomthelela omkhulu ekuqokweni kwesoka yitshitshi. Uma iseshelisinyamanambama eqhikizeni, kuyenzeka sibuye nenduku yombangandlala.Umalisemithanjeni yalo, liwudla ngokushesha umhlanganiso ngoba iqhikizaliyalincenga itshitshi.Uma nalo libuthaka, !ingakwazi ukumelana namangwevueqhikiza, ligcine ligobe uphondo.UXulu, (1994:12) uyakweseka lokhu laphoeveza uMathika1ala iqhikiza lasesigodini saseSa1abenaba ligqugquzela itshitshilakhona uKoto elibangwa izinsizwa kanje:262

Mathikalala: (Usethukuthele). Obani labo? Wo, uwusimukanandwendwe wena Usuthathwe yilesi sigqishabelanasaseNhlambeni, esiblale sichizile sibe singazi nanyaka?Uzozisola ntombi yami. Lo muntu wabantuosumthembisile uthi akeze njani? Khuluma!Koto:Angikaze ngethembise muntu mina dadewethu,nawe ...MathikaJala: Thula! Noma ngabe uthini-ke nunangimthembisile ukuthi ngizokhuluma nawe. Ngeke-keuleqe elami izwi. Uyangizwa?Koto:Pho yini ungamqomi wena dadewethu ngobausumthembisile futhi uyamthanda?Mathikalala: (Athule kancane, uthukuthele kodwauyazibamba.) Sengathi usukhohliwe ukuthingiwuMathikalala mIna, iqhikiza lezintombizakwaSalabenaba (Athi ukuthula) Akekho laphakulo muzi kaPhefeni ongenza lImathanda Uma izwisengilikbiphile, ngilikhiphile. Ngifana nelangaelingehlehliselwe ekujuleni kolwandle umaseliphumile. Wena wenziwa wukungazi. Ungaphindiuthi mina angiqome isesheli sakho. Ngiyokubulala ufekabili, ngimfunge ubaba Angithi uyalazi elami isokauMdilili? 'uMdilili bafazi dedani nezingane nansiinkanyamba' (Ahleke uhleko olunokubhuqa) Ge!Ge! Ge! Elokugcina-ke qoma uMagqubu wenaKoto: Ngeke ngimqome, angimfuni. Zikhonaizinsizwa ezisebenza eThekwini ezithi uma zibuyilekubonakale ngodadewabo beqiqinga bephuma esitolo.lzinsizwa ezithi uma zifika emsindweni zihlaba ingomakusokole okuyizinsizwana, kungazi ukuthi kumelekwenze njani.Ziyahloba izinsizwa phandle lapha, zinhle futhi,zinekusasa elifana nembali elalelwe amazolo, okusaiblobe njengehlobo lesibili. Ngingamane ngidliweyizintaba zeTheku, ngindize phezu kolwandlenjengejuba lilahlekile.Mathikalala: Isalakutshelwa sibona ngomopho. Ngekeuqhathe izinsizwa kalula nje endaweni. Ngeke uqomeuMhalaVl uze umgane kulo muzi kababa Angifunilutho nje olwaseNhlambeni. Uma weqa izwi lami263

uyozisoIa Futbi ngiyoke ngibone, ngiwafungeamaPhemba ehlangene.Koto:Usungaze ufunge dadewetbu nje sengenzeni?ImpeIa ngiyabona ukutbi inhliziyo yakho ibuhlungu.Kodwa ayikho into engingayenza Ngigajwe wutbandoIwensizwa ehlala ngale kwezintaba zasemafini.Ufufunyane Iwensizwa etbi uma ihamba kube sengatbiizondiza.Mathikalala:Yenziwa wubufishane sengatbi igibeIa imfene.Uma seliyikhombile insizwa, Iayiqoma itshitshi, amaqhikiza abese eqhubekelapbambili nenkonzo yawo yokuwayala amatshitshi ukutbi akaqiniseke ukutbi aqomeumuntu amtbanda ngempela, akadidekile ngoba ayifuneki intombi ezodiciIeIapbansi izintombi zesigodi kutbiwe omaqomanjalo. Lokhu kufakazeIwa uMsimang,(1975:232) lapho etbi:Angayalwa kanje amatsbitshi, asezodonswa ngezindlebeukuba akhetbe kahle angamane atbutbeke nje ngoba Iowookhetbiwe kofuneka kutbandanwe iminyaka naye ukuzezingadumi ngokutbi zingosimukanandwendwe izintombizesigodi Iezo uma sezisbesbe zala amasoka kanti kwenziwaukutbi zawaqoma ngokuxinwa amazwi zingawatbandingempelaAyifuneki intombi eyikhasi Iomgqwabagqwaba eliphesbulwa wumoyaUma intombi isilikhiphile eIokutbi seyehlulekile insizwa, ibe isicela ukuxhawulaentombini.Lokhu ikwenzela ukutbi iqiniseke ukutbi intombi iyiqome ngempeIanoma iyihilile. Uma iyihilile izogxuma ime ngentaba kodwa uma ibivume ngobaiyitbanda ngempela insizwa, izongundaza ingafuni nesandla kodwa umakade ebonawensizwa uzosidonsa ngenkani isandla axhawule.UMyeza, (2003) ubeka kanjengalokhu:264

Intombi uma isilimise ngesihloko ukuthi iyayivulela insizwainbliziyo yayo iqala ngaleso sikhathi ukuyihlonipha,ikhophozele ingafuni nokuyibheka sengathi iyazisola ngentoeyenzile. Yingakho nokuxhawula kuba yinkingana ngobakusuke kukhona lowo nembezana wokuthi sengathi ilulaIngavuma intombi, insizwa izibona isikwelenyoni yinjabulo. Lapho imane ihlanye,igxume, igiye, kusiphuke udaka, lapho ayisazibongeli ithi woza mhlola Ngenkathiizisho izibeka ngokusobala imvelaphi yayo nokuhlabana kwayo. Lilonke le ntombiisuke ikhulule insizwa ezitolotolweni zejele lemicabango.Iyephule empiniyokubukana ngamehlo nezingunguluzane zezesheli zesikhathi eside.Insizwaithokoziswa wukufezeka kwephupho layo leminyaka, okuyinkomba yokuthiiyogcina ihlezi nesithandwa sayoimihla ngemihla, unmyama nonyezi kuzekulamule uSimungunya gazi ongukufa UMsimang, (1975:233) uyakweseka lokhulapho ethi:Kepha uma intombi ilikhiphe ngenhliziyo yayo yonkeelokuqoma, izomane ingundaze nje ingavumi nesandla kephaingenqabi. Insizwa elisoka isizosithatha ngenkani isandla, ineleixhawule kube sengathi kukhona okuyenwaye elunda 19xumelapho igelekeqeke, igiye into engaziwayo, izibongeubuthaphuthaphu, ilokhu ituse ukuthi:''Ngadla mina sibanibani othe wathi. Ngadla mina kabaniwakobani." Phela izibongela ngOkuba ikhethwe intombiphakatbi kwezimbangi ebeseziyidlisa kwehle ngomgogodlaUXulu, (1994:20) uyakweseka lokhu lapho eveza insizwa yakwaBiyela uMhalazaezibongela emva kokwehlula itshitshi lakwa Salabenaba uKoto kanje:Koto:Yazi-ke muntu wezizwe ukuthi nami angiziphethe.Uyalazi iqbikiza lakwaSalabenaba uMathikalala265

Bonana naye-ke ngoba mina udaba lwakholuyangehlula (Uyakhophoza ubheka phansi.)Mhalaza: (Agiye, azibongele.) Wadla 'Mhalazawezintombi'. Wadla 'Nkomo zeluk' emaqeleni ngobaemathafeni zesaba izulu ukuduma' Wadla 'Mthathiwentombi izimbangi zifake imisila ngaphansikwemilenze ziqhuge ziyokhala konina'. (Ayekeukugiya) Mntakwethu ngiyabonga (Uyahefuzela)1bina nawe sesiyokwakha umuzi wethu phezu kwalesisisekelo esisibekile. Pho-ke nami le ndabangiyoyixoxa ngiyithini lokhu ngihambaze njengiyavathazela! Abafowethu bayoyemukela kanjaniindaba yami uma nginje?Uma kukhona izinsizwa zangakubo zothi zingamuzwa egiya eqephuza nazo zisikeelijikayo zimusho. Ngaleso sikhathi insizwa isuke isisha ingabaselwe. Igiyaikekele, ibiphe ungathi umhlaba iyawenyanya kanti Cha igajwe injabulo.Lokhukufakazelwa uMsimang, (1976:09) lapho eveza khona uWashesha ezibongelaemveni kokuqonywa itshitshi lasemaMbatheni uHleziphi nezinsizwa zangakubosezinanela kanje:(Ashingile ahambe umeziphi, asale ekhuluma yedwa uWashesha.)Washesha: Ngabe ngiyaphupha ngilele kusebusuku yini?Ngabe sengimehlulile ngempela uHleziphi? Hawubantabakababa! Ngadla! Ngadla mina Guqa badeleeMhlathuze! Bathi kazi uyofa nini bamsik' amahawu.Usifuza mizi bosale beyakha(Athi esagiya eqephuza kuqhamuke abangani bakhe uMmemezinoQumbu, bebutho iNgobamakhosi.)Mmemezi: Wathokoza ntanga yamashinga, usuyehlule yini na?Washesha: Sengihlabene mina Washesha kwabakwaZwide!(Agiye jUthi bamqaphuze.)Mmemezi/Qumbu: Wadla Washesha njengonyazi.UMthathi wentombi ayinikele abezizweNgoba ayinikela abakwalllazakazi.Usifuza mizi bosale beyakhaNgoba efuze eyawoMabhoko phansi kweSihlungu.Kwakungabangwa lutho njalo koMabhoko,Kwakubangwa izintonjana zaseSihlungu,266

Ezehla ngoMhlathuze zafike zaqoma,Uguqa bethembe eMhlathuze,Beth' uzokufa bamsik' amahawu.Inkunzi yakithi koPhuz' ukumula,Inkunzi okukaded kwasa ziyithibelaEzezibaya ngezibaya!Noma isadidekile insizwa, igajwe uthando ibuye ikhumbule ukuthi kufanelenomuntu oyinikeze le njabulo ingamkhohlwa, ibonge nakuyena Nakhonangenkathi ibonga iyacikoza. UBhengu, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalokuthi:Kubalulekile ukuthi insizwa uma isibonga ikhombise ukubanobuciko entombini. Lokhu ikwenzela ukuthi amazwiokugcina yeshela kufanele ablale enkeneneza ezindlebenizentombi.UMsimang, (1975:233) uthi insizwaingabongakanje:Mntanethu! Uyazi phansi, uyazi phezulu, izulu liyaduma!Wule. Iphinde ithi: ''Ngibonga uthando olumhlopheolunjengezihlabathi zolwandle. Ngibonga intambo endeengumdonsiswano, efinyelela ezulwini."UMaMhlongo, (2003) uphawula kanje ngale ndlela yokubonga:Ngale ndlela yokubonga insizwa isuke itshela intombi ukuthiisiyalwazi lonke usizi lwayo ngoba sesiside isikhathi izibikakuyona futhi nempilo ngaphandle angeke ilunge uma ingekhoeduzane nayo. Iphinde ibonge inconcoze ukuthi ekugcineniisizophumula ngoba kade yeshelaUma 10 mzuzu wokuphithana ikhanda usudamukile ensizweni, ibisicela insizwaubufakazi bokuthi ngempela isiyiqomile. Intombi izoyilayela ukuthi ayihambe iyeemaqhikizeni insizwa ukuyolanda ucu. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1976:08)lapho eveza uHleziphi elayela uWashesha lapho ezothola khona ucu kanje:267

IDeziphi: Kepha uze ungixine kabuhlungu kangaka 000kaNxumalo na? Impendulo yakho kangikabi nayoubungeze wabuya ngelinye ilanga na? Uphangeumdaka linile yini?Washesha: Ngiyawuphanga umdaka nkOsazana, ngibe futhingiwuphanga ngifanele ngoba ngilibutho lenkosielilinde nkubizwa koMkhulu noma nini. Ngakhoikusasa akusilo elami. Uma uthi ngize ngibuyengelinye ilanga unginika ithemba wena wakoManyosi.Uma-ke unginika ithemba nginike nombambanhliziyoukuze ngilindele ngokududuzekaIDeziphi: Ngiyakuzwa Washesha, kepha ongicela khonaaknkho kwezami izandla.Washesha: Ngilayele izandla ezikuphethe ngizokuya kuzongikulande nkosazana emhlophe.IDeziphi:Uyamazi udadewethu osalusile. Ngidedele ngihambeamanzi ayadingeka ekhaya.Kwenye inkathi intombi isuke iluphethe mathupha bese iyayifaka insizwa.Umaucu lusemaqhikizeni insizwa izobabela khona.Ingafika insizwa, kuhlanganiswaamakhanda ukuze bathole iqiniso ukuthi le nsambatheka yendaba efika nensizwangabe ayisengi yini ezimithiyo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:233) laphoethi:Iphinde igiye futhi. Phela kubasengathi idunyelwa ikhanda.Nayo intombazane imane ikhexe nje. Ngineqiniso lokuthiayizilibali iyizinto ezinku1u emhlabeni. Ukusuka laphoisizonikela emaqhikizeni insizwa iyocela ucu lwayo. Kokunyeintombi isuke ilwenzile yalunika odadewabo. Bonasebezobab1anganisa ukuze bezwe ukuthi ngabe lokhu okufikanoOOokazi Imngamaqiniso yini. Izothi ingavuma phambikwakhe umfokazi intombi bese ebonga nakuwo amaqhikizaesecela nelanga lokulanda ucu 1010. Nembala selizonqunywailanga nendawo yokuhlanganela bese ihamba insizwa, ikekelenjaIo ihaya ingoma yayo eyikhonzile, inkondlo yayo.268

Insizwa ilala obenyoni ilindele usuku lokuyolanda ucu uma intombi leyoingaphumelelanga ukuyinika ngalo 1010 suku eyiqome ngalo.Ngenxa yenjabuloinsizwa ibisimema izihlobo ukuba zithamele 10 mkhosi wokunikezwa kocu.Lelisiko libizwa ngokuthi ukubonga indaba5.12 Uknbonga indabaUMasondo, (1940:28) ubeka kanje ngaleli siko:Lapho insizwa ibonge, ijeqeze, ijabule ife, ngoba phelaisiqonyiwe. lbisibuza ukuthi usuku olufanele ukuyibongaindaba yiluphi, besezimtshela izintombi, kodwa uma iqhikizalingekho, llZoya ngakusasa kulo, ayolibuza usuku10kuyibonga indabaIsuke igcagcele esokeni ensizweni ngoba kusuke kuwusuku Iwamanqamu laphoisithola isiqiniseko sangempela sokuthi isiyiqomile intombi. Ukuvuma kwentombiphambi kwesoka, bebobabili akusho lutho ngoba kusuke kungekho fakazi.Kungeuzeka ukuthi ntombi ndini ulale uphenduka, kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathiintombi ihlauze obayizol0 ukuthi yona ike yayiqoma insizwaIsimo esinjeasiqhelekile kwelikaMthaniya kepha akwaziwa ukuthi umuntu ikusasa limbekeleni.Ngenxa yalesi simo umphathi wale nkonzo, iqhikiza, yilona elibamba iqhazaelikhulu nelibonakalayo uma sekwenziwa uhlelo Iwale nkonzo.Ngaphandlekokuhlela le nkonzo emnandi iqhikiza liba ufakazi oqandula ikhanda ukuthingempela sekukhona ubuhlobo phakathi kwalaba bantu. UJobe, (2003) uphawulakanje ngalo mcimbi:269

Noma kwelakithi indaba yokuloba phansi izivumelwanokuyinto engakhonziwe ngokungako kepha ikhona indlelaokushicilelwa ngayo izivumelwano. Leyo ndlela kubawukwethembana phakatbi kwabantu becindezelwa kakhuluonembeza baho.Uma intombi isilulandulile ucu yalukhomba eqhikizeni nembala insizwa ibeisibabela kulona iqhikiza isiyocela usuku lokubonga indabaInsizwa isizocelaoyedwa kubanewabo noma umngane uma abakubo begazi bengekho nodadewahooseliqhikiza uma ekhonaNgakolunye uhIangothi intombi ayilokothi iyithi vu lendaba bleze kuchitheke gula linamasi. Intombi ifika nontanga kuphela.Kuyamangalisa ukuthi abazali bentombi bawalindele amabheka kepha uma intombiithatha igxathu eliya khona ekuwatholeni, bavuka inja ebomvu, bengafuni nenganeyaho. Ngenxa yalesi simo intombi ibifihla bayoze bezwe ngosibhincamakhasananoma bahone ngendlela intombi esivunula ngayo.UNyembezi noNxumalo,(1966:113) bayakweseka lokhu lapho oothi:lndaba ibongwa yisoka neziblobo zalo nabangani kanyenabakwantombazane. lntombazane inokukwenza lokhubengakazi abakubo, kodwa abakubomfana basuke bekwazi.Ngakolunye uhIangothi nalo iqhikiza licela ontanga okungamanye amaqhikizaukwenza 10 mcimbi ube nesizotha10 mkhosi wenziwa ntambama seliyozilablakunina ngoba ngaleso sikhatbi iningi lemisebenzi yosuku isuke isifeziwe futhikusuke sekuyisikbathi sokuthi izintombi ziyokha arnanzi bese zithola nentubayokubona izithandwa zazo. Iqhikiza yilona elingubhongoza kule nkonzo nendawoyomhlangano ikhonjwa yilo lokhu knf",kazelwa uMaMblongo, (2003) lapho ethi:Kungumthwalo weqhikiza ukuba liphelelise inkonzo ekadelayiqala Kuba enku1u intokozo uma selizoyiphetha le mbenge270

ngakho liyaqikelela ukuthi likhipha unyawo ekuhlelwenikwalo mcimbi.Kungafikwa endaweni leyo, iqhikiza kuyilona eliba umqondisi wohlelo.Alibelisananaza iqhikiza, limane lihlale endabeni emveni kokubingelela, libuze ukuthingempela liyayivulela yini insizwa inbliziyo yayo esidlangalaleni ukuze babeofakazi. Intombi izomane ikhophoze ivumele phansi. Ingavuma intombi, iqhikizaselizokhipha ucu olumhlophe qwa njengezihlabathi zolwandle. Ukujabulakwensizwa lruvame ukuhambisana nokuhuhlungu ngoba ngenkathi ilwamukela ucuithola nebhansela yolrudliwa yizinswazi, ishaywe izintombi namaqhikizaNomainsizwa ingezwa iminjunju engakanani ayilokothi iphindisele ngoba uma yenzenjalo kungasho ukuthi nentombi iyothwala kanzima yisibhaxu uma sebeganene.Akusho phela ukuthi insizwa ingase izwe ukutshutshumba kweminjunju yezinswazingoba ayinenetshulwa kepha iyathwansuthwansulwa nje.Nakhona lapho kusukekungakhiswa sibhongo kepha kusuke kungumdlalo wokugcina isiko elaziwayo.Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:236) lapho ethi:Kwakuthi kungablanganwa kuhingelelwane bese iqhikizalibhekisa entombini libuze lruyo ukuthi iyamvuma yiniumfokazi phambi kwabantu na? Intombi isizokhiyazelaikhombisa ukuvuma ngamabloni. Lokho kwakwenzelwaukuba kuthi lapho lruvela ingozi yokoniwa kwentombi, azekeoyonile. Ingavuma intombi, iqhikiza selizoyinika insizwa uculwayo ebesengiluchazile, olumhlophe qwa Yabe ishaywanakhona emandulo.UJobe, (2003) uphawula kanje ngaleli siko:Ngaphandle kokuthi iqhikiza lisuke lifuna isiqiniseko sokuthiliyayivuma ngempela insizwa kepha lisuke lifuna ukuthi umakwenzeka insizwa yadlala ezitsheni ezifayo ikwaziukuyethwesa icala271

Ingaluthola ucu insizwa ibe isiyeqa amangqamngqeshe injabulo, igiye nalaboabayiphelezelayo bayibongele.Sekuhlukwene insizwa izohamba ihuba, ihubaamahubo anenjabulo ize iyongena ekhayaNgenkathi ihuba kusuke sekuhwalelenemisindo isimincane ngakho nasekhaya basheshe bezwe ukuthi isihlabeneinsizwaIyothi ingangena egcekeni kukikizwe lapho ucu seluyabhebhezelaentanyeni uma ithanda ifike ilugaxe unina okuwuphawu lokuthi kungenzeka lentombi kube umalokazana wakwakho. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:237)lapho ethi:Nembala inele ifike iqonde kwabo igaxe unina ngocu. Mamoisalukazi sansondo, sigxume sibheke phezulu, siphumesigelekeqeke, sizwakale ngenkwazi sesikikizela Sizokikizelakwenanele bonke ozakwabo ngoba bheka, yabe iliguguintombi kuqala Kuzophuma wonke umuzi kukikizelwe,ukungena kwesoka elawini belu, seliphuma nophondolilushaya Luzoduma kuzwe omakhelwana intsha izozaisintantatheka, kuyilowo nalowo ethi: "Kwaze kwakuhlekwethu." Bonke bejabulile ngoba intombi ethande oyedwawabo ibathande bonke. Phela abantwana besigodi sinyebabazisana sengathi abamfazi munye.Indlela okubongwa ngayo indaba yehlukile ezigodini ngezigodi. UBhengu, (2003)ubeka kanje ngendlela indaba ebongwa ngayo eMakhabeleni:Lo mcimbi wenzelwa isinyelela abazali bentombi bengazi.Iqhikiza yilona elihlela kahle 10 mcimbi endle. Kukhethwainsizwa esukile egadeni iphathe iduku. Kuzothi kungafikwaemphelandaba lowo ophethe iduku amele kude, uqale umcimbiizinsizwa zisukume ngayodwana zibonga zize ziphele beseizintombi zisukela lowo ophethe iduku zimjahe. Kuyenzekazimthole kwenzeke zingamtholi lokho akusho lutho kephakuba lihlazwana uma izintombi ziyitholile le nsizwa ngobalokho kusho ukuthi akunsizwa yalutho.272

UNyembezi noNxumalo, (1960:113) bayameseka ngokugcwele uBhengu laphobethi:Kukhethwa insizwa enejubane iphathe uthi olude okuchonywekulo iduku. Kufikwa endle kuhlalwe phansi kubongwe,izinsizwa zilokhu zisukuma ngayinye. Kushiyelwana ugwayiamantombazane alethe notshwala asuke ebenze abulethangokucasbisa Nangaso lesi sikhatbi Iona ophethe iduku umele!rude. Kuzokuthi enganazezele zimsukele izintombiezisencane zimxoshe zifuna iduku. Kuyenza azishiye,kuyenza zimfice zephule ukhuni zithathe iduku.Emveni komcimbi isoka linikeza intombi isipho sarnasentshana athize.lntombiyona ikhipha unyawo yenzele insizwa imvunulo ehlabahlosile iyiqala ozwaneni izeiyoyikhipha ekhanda. Amandla okwenza lokhu iwathola ngokuthi izilimele izifeitshale izinhlobonhlobo zokudla, ifuye ngisho nezinkukhu imbala. Lokhuzikwenzela ukuthi zingablali zingokhangezile nokuthi uma sekufika lesi sikhathizikwazi ukuzimela. Lokhu kufakazelwa uMsimang, (1975:237) lapho ethi:Ukuthi intombi kufuneka ivunule kable kwabe kungewonaumthwalo wesoka, kepha kwakungukukhuthala kwayo,nobunono, nokuzithanda kwayo, ngoba konke yayizenzela,yayingathengi lutho esitolo ngoba izitolo zazingekho.Okuthile kwabe kuthengwa ezinyangeni ezingompetha bakho,njengezindondo, izidwaba, nokunye okwakungenziwangowonkewonke, kwabe kuthengwa ngamabele ezilimelewona intombi. Empeleni onke amatshitshi ayenezife zawo,enezinkukhu zawo, enezidumbe zawo, nezindlubu zawo.lngwe yabe idla ngamabala, intombi ithandwa ngokukhuthalakwayo.Ngenkathi izinsizwa zisukuma zibonga ngazodwana, zithi uma sezihleli phansizizitike ngamahabulo.Utshwala lobu bufika nazo izintombi kodwa ekhayabengazi.Kwelakithi kwaZulu umcimbi usuke ungaphelele uma kungabuswangangotshwala. Lokhu kwesekelwa uNyembezi noNxumalo, (1960:113) lapho bethi:273

Kufikwa endle kuhlalwe phansi kubongwe, izinsizwa zilokhuzisukuma ngayinye. Kushiyelwana ugwayi amantombazanealethe notshwala asuke ebenze abuletha ngokucashisaLo mbono uphinde usekwe uKrige, (1950:123) lapho ethi:When a girl has decided to accept a lover, i.e. has qoma'd,which, it will be remembered, she may only do after receivingformal permission from the older girls, a special ceremony isobserved by means ofwhich the boys bonga or thank the girls.The boy, accompanied by his friends, arrives somewhere in thevicinity of the kraal where the girl and her friends will meetthem. Sometimes a special spot is selected beforehand; atothers the parties simply proceed to places traditionally usedfor this purpose, and the girls seat themselves and wait for theboys to find them. The girls generally provide beer, havingsurreptitiously made it at home and carried it to the meetingplace, while the boys, and more especially the bridegroom,have brought presents for the girls. When the parties meet, theyoung men address the girls, thanking them for having chosenone of their party, and the girls will return the compliments,asking that they be treated well and not deceived by the boys.The prospective bridegroom then gives his sweetheart apresent (valued at about a 11), while the other boys givesmaller presents to her companions, and the girls in their turnpresent the young men with beads.Emveni kwalo mcimbi yilelo nalelo qembu libamba elifike ngayo.Imvamisaizinsizwa ziyaye zizikhaphe izintombi kuhanjwe kuncokolwa futhi kungalesosikhathi lapho insizwa ithola ithutshana lokuncokola nentombi. Umasekwehlukenwe izinsizwa zihambe zihuba amahubo enjabulo okothi noma sebefikangasekhaya nabo bazizwele ukuthi ''kuhle kwethu."Lingaqoma itshitshi nemvunulo liyayishintsha. Intombi ibhinca isigege hhayi incibengoba uma isiqomile kufane1e iwuhloniphe umzimba wayo.Isigege sithe ukuba274

anzi kunencibe ngalokho simhoza kahle ingaphambili. Lokhu kufakazelwa uKrige,(1950:124) lapho ethi:Up to now the girl has worn a plain incibe leaves or cloth, butthe day she accepts a lover she wears an isigege which is widerthan the ubendle, sometimes having a flap right round thewaist and decorated with red and white beads. She now alsowears a red cloth hanging from her shoulders instead of thewhite one worn before. It is thus obvious to all that she is anengaged girl, though her father does not yet officially "know"ofher engagementIntombi kwaZulu iqoma isoka elilodwa.Ayilokothi iqome elinye isoka ingakalalielidala futhi ayilokothi iqome esigodini esisodwa ngoba uma isiqomekusokuthathwa ngokuthi izinsizwa zendawo ezandawonye ngakho isuke iqomeabafowabo.Okunye futhi okuhle ukuthi izinsizwa azesheli esigodini sakubo ngobaphe1a labo odadewabo. Yingakho kwaze kwavela isaga esithi: "lnduku enhleigawulwa ezizweni."Nentombi ngokunjalo ayilokothi iqome esigodini sakubongoba abafowabo labo. UMsimang, (1975:237) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Kuzophuma wonke umuzi kukikizelwe, ukungena kwesokaelawini belu, seliphuma nophondo lilushaya. Luzodumakuzwe omakhelwana intsha izoza isintantatheka, kuyilowonalowo ethi: "Kwaze kwakuhle kwethu." Honke bejabulilengoha intombi ethande oyedwa wabo ibathande honke. Phelaabantwana besigodi sinye babazisana sengathi abamfazimunye. Okujabulise oyedwa wabo kakubajabulisa honke.Kanjalo okuphathe kabuhlungu oyedwa wabo kwakubaphathakabuhlungu honke. Yingalokho insizwa yayingeke yeshelaesigodini sakubo, ngoba kwakuthiwa yeshela odadewabo.Nentombi eqome esigodini sakubo kwakungentombi yalutho,kwakuthiwa ithandana nabafowabo. Yeka ukwazisa ubuhlohokuqala.Kuyacaca ukuthi indlela eya ekuqonyweni ayilula, idlula ezingqinambeni ezininginjengokuvika izimbangi, ukungathandwa amaqhikiza nokuba insizwa ingabi nogazi275

kwasanhlobo entombini leyo. Noma zikhona lezi zithiyo insizwa yangempela izamangawo wonke amandla ukuzigudluza ukuze izuze imbali leyo. Kwenye inkathi izeizidele ifise nokunikela ngempilo yayo. Lokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu, (2005:63)lapho eveza uDanisa ebalisa ngentombi yakhe uHleziphi adukelana nayo esayithandakanje:"Wo, mfo kaSikhumbasenyathi kuyosiza ukubangingamtholi, futhi ngingamazi lapho ekhona Kodwa umanje ethuke ucilo ezishaya endukwini! Awu! Amatheayobuyela kwasifuba - ngifunga uBhekuzulu esemadlinzeni.Ngiyakutshela mfo kaSikhumbasenyathi, uyokuzwanangendaba" Washo wagoloza uDanisa, amehloabayizimbulunga ngaphandle."Uma eseganile uyokwenzenjani Joni?""Yikho lokho okungiqeda amandla Maqakamba ngobaangazi ukuthi ngiyokwenzenjani, ngoba angiboni ukuthinalowo oyobe eganwe nguye uyokudla kahle, aphuze kahle,kukhona imbangi ikhala Ngizimisele ukumhlukanisanalowomyeni wakhe. Kungenjalo kuyochitheka igazi,okungenani ngimzuze ngezikhwepha Phela nginesibindiesibi muva nje Maqakamba Selokhu ngaya eNyakathoAfrika nje angikwesabi neze ukufa Ngiyabona ukuthingavika kakhulu izinhlamvu, futhi ngaphatha kakhuluizidumbu. Ukufa angikwesabi neze.""Joni sala usukhohlwa yilentombi, uzishelele ezinye izintombi.Ngabe ukuphela kwayo yini intombi enhle ezweni? Inganizigcwele ezifana nayo laphaya esibhedlela, zona kanyeizichwichwichwi, amaqhathanzipho uqobo lwawoangamalandakazi. Hamba uyoshisa umbango esibhedlela,nhlukane nalomqondo ongasile. Uzinyezani uyinsizwa nje?"Washo uMaqakamba waphuma etendeni, wamshiya uDanisaethe njo phansi, inkuku inqunywe umlomo.Uma insizwa isiqonyiwe sekufanele idlulele egxathwini elilandelayo lokuthi ikhetheintombi ezokwakha nayo umuzi.Uma insizwa isithathile, isuke isingene ezingenielithe thuthu nelokugcina lelo elokuba indoda.276

ISAHLUKO SESITHUPHA6.0 ISIHLAZIYO NESIPHEmO6.1 Ukuhlaziywa kocwaningoKuleli gxathu kuzocutshungulisiswa kuphinde kuhlaziywe llCwaningO.lzincomonazo zizonikezwa inkundla yazo bese kusongwa imigawulo ibekwe ethalaKuzophinde kubhekwe ngokubanzi ukuthi akukho lapho sibuke khona buthuntusashiya izinto zingaphothuliwe zilenga ngenkathi kuqhutshwa ucwaningokushadiswe nomqulu wonkana kube imbumbaKuliqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi umntwana uyisibusiso esingachazeki kubazalinasemphakathini wonkana Angiphathi uma umntwana kuwumf~n~ injabuloiphindwa kaningana kubazali. Lokhu kufakazelwa uBhengu, (2005:2) laphouMachiya exoxa nowakwakhe uPh~kathikanje:UMaChiya wathinteka, wakhumbula ingxoxo yakhenoMaMthiya Okwamthinta kakhulu igama elaliphawulweuPhakathi lokuthi; 'Ukuba wayengumfana ullleziphi -.' yilokanye elamenza acabange ajule ngoba ingane yomfanawayeyithanda kakhulu efisa ukuba nayo. Kwaba ngayoleyonkathi uMaChiya amxoxela konke okwakuphawulweuMaMthiya mayelana nokuhambela odokotela, kakhulukaziudokotela Bhubesi, ukuze balashwe bathole abantwanaKhathi-simbe nomfana babengarnthola Ngemuva kokuxoxa,nokubonisana ngaloludaba, umnllmZ3ne Phakatbi wamlalelauMaChiya, wavuma ukuba baye kudokotela Bhubesi, futhibaye nakubatbandazi ukuze kufezeke isifiso sakheuMaChiya277

BaIa-ke, baqala ukuzisondeza kubathandazi nakodokotelaNgokuqhubeka kesikbatbi inhlanhla yenzeka UMaChiyawakhulelwa, wase elokhu ehamba njalo emtholampilonjengenhlalayenza kwabakhulelweyo.Naye ullleziphi uphinde aphatheke kabi uma engasabatholi abantwanaUBhengu,(2005:71) uyamveza lapho exoxa nomngane wakhe uTholakele kanje:Impela awupbazami Tholakele. UNkulunkulu UIlllIl1l.Ngesinye isikbatbi ngike ngidideke uma ngijulisaukucabanga kwami. Angazi noma lokhu kungehlela ngobangiyintandane yini? Washo ullleziphi ngezwi elalikhulumelaphansi liqukethe usizana olwaluhambisana neukumbuloyabazali bakhe abamshiya esemncane, waqhuba ngawoumoya ophansi: 'Okwenzeka kimina Tholakele kuyinkinganengwadla engenakuqaqululwa muntu ngaphandle koMdaliwezulu nomhlaba Kodwa okungiphethe kabi Tholakeleukuthi anginaye umntwana, futhi ithemba anginalo lokuthingiyoke ngize ngimthole.''Hayi nkosikazi Malebhu, akulahlwa mbeleko ngakufelwaUkhumbule kuthi wena kwenzeka izinto eziyivela-kancane.Usenokuphiwa ingane noma nini ngesu likaNkulunkulu.'Washo uTholakele ephokoshela ucezwana lwewolintshi.Ukungabatholi abantwana kuyisiqalekiso esibi kubazali ikakhulukazi kwabesifazanengoba iminwe ihlale ibhekiswa kubo.Inkolelo kaZulu ibeka abesibhuda ingcabhangokungatholwa kwabantwana Abesilisa bona bahlale bemsulwa abatholi manembengoba ubudoda babo abungatshazwa Lingawa licoshwe zinkukhu uma ungake uzwekuthiwa kukhona inyumba yowesilisaNgakho umfazi ozalayo uyintandokazikwelakithi. Lokhu Imfakazelwa uMadondo, (1940:18) lapho ethi:Umfazi ozalayo wabe aziswa KwaZulu kusekuqala ngobaewandisa umuzi walapho endele khona Wabethi nxaengabatholi abantwana elashwe enzelwa ukuba abe naboukuze abengumfazi ohloniphekayo ekhaya278

Kuyavela ukuthi amaZulu ngabantu abanamathelene namasiko kanye nemikhutshanaehambisana nawo.Owesimame ozithwele uphoqelekile ukuba agcine imithethonemiyalo ethile eqondene nabesimame abakuleso simo. Isibonelo salokhoowesimame ozithwele akavunyelwe ukuthi alunguze abuye aphindele emuva endliningoba kunenkolelo yokuthi mhIa ekhululekayo umntwana uzovela abuye aphindeleemuva.Lokho okungamnika inkinga enkulu uma sekufike isikhathi sokuthiakhululeke.Elinye lamasiko elenziwayo ukuhuqwa ngebomvu.Ibomvu akuyona inhlabathieyejwayelekile kepha inhlabathi yezinyanya.Lokhu kuhuqwa kunhlosombili.Eyokuqala ukuhlanganisa umntwana nezinyanya. Okwesibili u1rususa uboyaebusweni ukuze umntwana engafani nesilwane.UMadondo, (1940:19) uyakuvezalokhu lapho ethi:Uhuqwa ngebomvu umntwana enzelwa ukuba buphuke uboyakubonakale lapho ubuso bunqamuka khona, imbungana lenaebakhona iqothuke iphele.Kuyavela ukuthi ukuthunqiselwa komntwana ngezmyamazanenakho kulisiko.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi umntwana aqine engangenwa izifo kalula engahaqwayimimoya emibi futhi akhule ekhaliphile. Umntwana uthunqiselwa ngezinyamazaneeziqondene nobulili bakhe.Umfana usetshenzwa ngezabafana eziqinileyo benzelaukuba akhule enamandla nesibindi sokubhekana naso sonke isimo senhlalo.Intombazane isetshenzwa ngezithambileyo ngoba kukholelwa ukuthi lImzimba wayountekenteke.Umntwana ongenziwanga leli siko noma ngenkathj belenza benzaubuhwaqahwaqa uthanda ukuthuntubezeka emqondweni kunontanga bakhe.279

UMadondo, (1940:20) uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Bavamile abantu ukuthi bathi kumuntu ongahlakaniphile,kaziphelelanga Phela basho zona izinyamazane lezo.Dmfana ukhula njalo ngokwamazinga akhe enziwa nesiko elifanele kulelo nalelozingaDyaphehlwa, asokwe aze alike ezingeni lapho esekhulile khona nomaesethombile.Kulisiko ukuthi umfana ethi engathomba avuke ekuseni akhipheizinkomo esibayeni nezomakhelwane azalukele kude nalapho zivame ukwelukakhonaUkukhipha izinkomo kuwuphawu lokuthi abadala babone ukuthi umfanausekhulile.Lokhukufakazelwa uTyrell, (1983:118) lapho ethi:Professor Eileen Krige has described the traditional (andabbreviated) form among the Zulu. The boy awakens andleaves the homestead early in the morning following thedischarge, taking the cattle and informing no one. When thehomestead stirs, his and the animals' absence tells the story andthe boys who have reached puberty, but have not beenincluded in an age-regiment, set offto look for him.Owabo bayaphuma beyombheka, bathi bangamthola bamhuqe ngodaka1wenkalankala bamphuzise namanzi ayo.Ontanga bayazibuyisa iziukomo emvenikokugagazisana nabanewabo afike ekhaya ancindiswe ngemithi ethile kodwa impilanenhlaba akulokothi nangengozi kusale.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi irnithiayipbathwa abantu abangafanele. Owesilisa okade ehlangene nowesifazane, ofelwe,akalokothi aziblanganise nemithi. Dmfana ugoyiswa elawini ahlale emsamonontanga azithobe, engakhulumeli phezulu, engagegetheki ngoba umsamo Ionautbathwa njengekomkhulu lamadlozi.Kuzanywa ngazo zonke izindlela ukuthi280

umfana engabonwa abesifazane ngoba lokhu kungasho umshophi.Ngenkathiesegoyile yilapho etho1a khona uqeqesho olunzulu maye1ana nokuziphatha nokuthi1eli zinga akulo lichazani. UKhumalo, (2005) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Ngenkathi egoyile umfana abadala bageqa amagula ngendle1aokufane1e aziphathe ngayo, ikakhulukazi ebudle1waneniazoba nabo nabesifazane. Bayamyalisisa ukuthi engadlaleliezitsheni ezifayo, one urnntwana womuntu ngoba kwayenauqobo uzehlisa isithunzi.Ukubaluleka kwemfuyo kungokunye okuvezwe llCWaningO ngoba ngaphandlekwemfuyo ikakhulukazi izinkomo singadlala inkemane.Izinkomazi ziyasengwasitho1e ubisi namasi, izinkomo ziyahlatshwa sitho1e inyama, izinkabi ziyaboshelwakulinywe ngazo.UGcumisa, (1992:49) uyakweseka ukubaluleka kwemfuyo 1aphoethi:Endulo izwe lisabusa ayikho into eyayibaluleke ukwedlulaimfuyo kmnuntu wakwaZulu. lmfuyo eningi okungabanguchibido1o 1wezinkomo olubulala inyoka, umhlambiwezimbuzi noma wezimvu. Ngokubaluleka kwayoyayingalingani. Ukushiyana kwayo ngokubaluleka kwakuyangemisebenzi yayo. Ubunurnzane bebubonakala ngemfuyokanye nezidingo ezifezwayo ngayo. Yayikhomba ukudlakusale konmumzane kungafani nanarnuhla 1aphoukuhlonishwa sekuya ngezikhund1a, imfundo nemaliokucatshangwa ukuthi unayo emabhange. Izinkomozazibaluleke ukwedlula konke.Nanamuhla imfuyo isabalulekile. Nonezindodlaezingakanani zemali kudingeka ashintshanise ngazongokuthenga inkomo uma ezogcina imisebenzienjengoknlobo1a, ukuthetha amadlozi nokunye. Udingaimbuzi ukuthetha amadlozi neminye imisebenzi. Udingaimvu ukugcina imisebenzi yezinyanga neminye.28\

Lo mbono uphindwe wesekwe uKhumalo, (1994:72) Iapho ethi:Igama elithi imfuyo uma ledlulile nje emadlebeni, umuntuuyaye athathe ngokuthi kuqondwe lezo zilwane ezifuyweekhaya kuphela Libukeka Ienebe kakhulu kunalokho leIigama Umazihlonza uqagula ukuthi yonke imfuyo ingeYakhe.Esezulwini uma ikhona, esemkhathini, esemhlabeni phansinasemanzini ngaphansi komhlaba ingeYakhe. Ingani ngishoabafuyi abafuye emhlabeni bayizimvu zaKhe.Iqholo Iendoda nendoda lisemfuyweni yayo ngoba yiyonaeyishoyo ngisho yona ingakathi vu ngomlomo wayo. Abanyebangakuchitha namanzi Iokhu okungenhla ngoba bazi ukuthikwakuyinto nenkolelo yakudala leyo. Bangakusho lokhobekushiso ukuthi bona sebafuyela emaphaketheninasemabhange. Sebakholelwa ukweIuseIwa izinkomonezimbuzi zabo, zithi uma zizala zibazaleIe bobabili, umfuyinomalusi. Indoda eseyindoda yazi ukuthi ubnhle bendodazinkomo zayo. Iyakwazi futhi iyayazi imfuyo yayongezikhathi zonke. IzaluseIa yona mathupha imfuyo yayo.Lolu cwaningo Iukubeka kucaca bha ukubaluleka kokwalusa umfana uma esakhulaKuyavela ukuthi umfana ulusa okumlingene eqala phansi enyuke aze afikeezinkomeni.Ingcwenga yoqeqesho olutholakala ekwaluseni nalo luyaqhakanjiswangoba luwumhlahlandlela ekukhuleni kwakhe futhi lwakha isisekelo esiqinilesempilo. Ngaphandle kokuthola uqeqesho Iwengqondo nolomzimba naloIuyatholakalaYingakho uma umuntu esekhulile umuzwe ezigqaja ethi: "Minangelusa"Lokho kuchaza ukuthi upheIele engqondweni futhi nezikhwepha nazoakazitsheIeki kumuntu uma sezidingeka ngoba uqeqeshwe ngokwanele ekwalusenieqhathwa nangenkathi engcwekaKuyaveIa ukuthi lapha ekwaluseni kufundwa izinto eziningi njengokuzingeIa,ukungcweka, ukubhukusha, ulwazi Iwezinyoni nezinyamazane nemikhutshana yazo.282

Kufundwa namakbambi obusoka njengobulawu namaqhinga okweshela imbalaUDonda, (1997:09) uyakuveza ukubaluleka kokwe1usa lapho ethi:Kusuke kwelusiwe lapha abafana befunda khona inrikhubaebalulekile yesizwe. Kufundwa ukublonipha izingqwele.Zike zibathume ukuyoqwagela bangathi vu, futhi bangashoemakhaya Kukule ndawo 1apho befunda khona ukublabainsema ngezinkande. Basuke bevivinywa ukuze babeyizingwazi zesizwe. Bafundiswa ukushaya induku umabeqhathwa ukuze bakwazi ukubekezelela ubuhlungu bempilouma sebekhulile, bakwazi futhi ukulwela inkosi yabo.Kufuneka abantu abanesibindi abangahlehli nakanci.Kusendle 1apha kufundwa khona amagama ezilwane kanyenemithi yasendle. Abanye babegcina bengamaphisi okuyintoedingekayo eqhaweni 1esizwe. Isilo uShaka, uCetshwayo,abantwana uShingane kanye noDabulamanzibabengamakhulu amaphisi. Yikho-ke babengamaqhaweanuka igazi 1abafo nangamakbala Ukuphunyuka kwaboemabhubesini nakwezinye izilwane eziyingozi, kwabanikaumqhanagu kanye nosikisiki lwempi. Ulwazi lwemithieyayibenza bangashaywa nxa izinkomo zonile kwakugcinakubenze ezinkulu izinyanga ezingaze zigcine ziholeizinkomo.Kuba ligxathu elibalulekile futhi nelithokozisayo ukuthi uma umfana esekhulilewathomba abambe aye kobuthwa komkhulu. Ukubuthwa lokhu kubalulekile ngobaubudala bomuntu buthathe1wa eminyakeni yebutho 1akhe. UMasondo, (1940:32)uyakweseka lokhu lapho ethi:Kusekuqala, bonke abantu abansundu babaziwa ngamabuthoabo, ngoba kwabe kuyiwona abalinganisa ngawo ubudalababo.Kwabekuthi nxa sebekhulile-ke abafana, sebethombile phela,besebebuthwa yinkosi. Babesuka bayokwalusa izinkomozenkosi, bakleze kuzo, bese kubonakala ukuthi sebefunaukubuthwa283

Noma izinsizwa ziphathwa ngesandla sensimbi ekubuthweni kodwa lokho kubanorothelela omuhle kuzo ngoba kuzenza zibe ngamabutho aqinile akwaziukubekezelela nezimo ezinzima Izibongo nazo zitholakala khona laphaekubuthweni uma insizwa ikhombise ubuqhawe.Izinsizwa ziyayalwa ngamabuthoaseminkantshabomvu khona ekubuthweni mayelana nendlela yokuziphatha eqothoneholela ebudodeni.KuiaPha ekubuthweni lapho okuvela khona abafana ababa zindibi.Laba bafanabaphathela obaba abadala izigqiki, arnaeansi nezambatho. Baphinde basizengokukbela oyise amanzi basize nalapho bedingeka khonaKuyavela nokuthiumbala wamahawu webutho lelo elibuthwayo utholakala khona belu komkhulungenkathi yokubuthwa.Emva kokubuthwa izinsizwa ziswela amaphiko ngobazisuke sezinemvume yokuzigqaja ngokuzibiza ngensizwa ephelele nangebutho layo.UBhengu, (2003) uphawula kanje ngokubuthwa:Insizwa engabuthiwe isuke fana nengane "engenagama"ngoba insizwa yomZulu ivukelwa amadlingozi uma ibizwangebutho layo ngoba iyabazi ubunzima edlule kuhongenkathi isekubuthweni.Ucwaningo luveza obala ukuthi indoda kwelikaMthaniya iba indoda uma isithathile.Nokho ulmthatha lokhu akukhona nje ukugwaza ibhece, kuwumshikashika impelangoba insizwa ayimane ikhombe intombi eyithandayo bese nayo iyayiqoma nomaigcine isiyiganile ngaleso sikhathi. Insizwa kufanele iqwale ummango wokweshela.Noma kuyimvelo ukuthi intombi iyogcinll iqomile kodwa kufanele kwazeke ukuthiintombi ayiyikhethi insizwa ngobuhle kuphela kodwa ibheka nokukhaIipha284

komqondo wayo.Ngakho insizwa kufanele ukuthi ngenkathi izibika iwahlelengobunyoninco amazwi ayo ikwazi ukuyihi1a intombi futhi icikoze.Lokhu kufakazelwa uKhathazile eseqala ukuthambela uGasa umfo kaMgodi ngobaethathwa ubuciko bokukhulumakwakhe kanje:Ngokubamba kwesikhatbi ngaqala ngawachitha amanzi umasengiyibona le nsizwa isikekela, ishaya inkositini yayo.Nakhu phela sengibona ukuthi ueu seluyahlangana entanyeni.Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi wawungasheshi uvume, ngatha1alisa.Kwakuyih1azo ukuvuma insizwa iqala nje ukweshela sengathiubuyi1indele.llieiko lokukbulurna insizwa lena Sengathi ungahlaleuyila1e1e uma isiba1isa ngezinsizi zayo. lsho nokuthi ayisalaliebusuku iphupha mina, uma ngingayiqoma kuzobe ngivulel'izulu nomhlabaInsizwa enomnqantula ivame ukuba isishimane, uvukavale uqobo lwakhe. UMolefe,(1991:84) uyakuveza lokhu lapho inkosi yasemaBovini uMgidi ehilizisana nendunayakhe uMsanka eyithulisa kanje:Thula Msanka, ulibhimbi, angazi ukuthi nmkakho wakuqoIDakanjani.UTyrell, (1983:140) ushayela isipikili lapho ethi:This betrothal is a fairly loose arrangement - in fact a boy maybe betrothed to several girls at the same time. A real lady'sman who has flown the flag of several maidens is termed asoga - an enviable reputation. The unfortunate youth who doesnot quite make it with the fair sex is the shimane and he isopen to the mockery of society.285

Ingaqonywa insizwa igiya iqephuze injabulo.UBhengu, (2005:15) uyakwesekalokhu lapho eveza uDanisa egiya emvakokuqonywa uHleziphi kanje:Ngokuqhubeka kwesikbathi belokhu beludingida udaba lwabo,kwaze kwafika lapho ucu lwaseluvuma ukuhlangana entaoyenikaDanisa. Laselidumela emasumpeni kumfo wakwaDludlaNaye eseziqhweba inqulu lapho ebuka uHleziphi nomaezihambela nje laphaya Asho ngenhliziyo athi: "Iyozeiyikhothe." Ngempela yaze yayikhotha ngoba kwathingolunye usuku wathola incwadi uDanisa ilotshwe nguyeuHleziphi esesamukela isicelo sakhe.Wanela ukuyifunda nje uDanisa wezwa ukuthi weblelweyizulu, waziqaphuza wathi:"Ngadla mina Manyelela,Onyelelisa okomoya wobusika,Uncinci wafikaUmblana unezimendlela,UfuIathela zimbuke amanxa,USithaphuka singamakba Kuble kwethu, kusindwe ngobethole!"Washo qede wawa phezu kosiba nephepha, wayiphendula leyoncwadi, wabonga okuble okumhlophe wangcongcozaKufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi nezintombi nazo ziyaqeqeshwa amaqhikizazinikezwe umphako wamazwi okufanele ziphendule ngawo izesheli.Yingakhokufanele insizwa ikwazi ukuyiphica intombi ngamazwi.Kwenye inkathi ivumeingaqondile ukuvuma Yingakho ezinye zazisho ukuthi "Mntaoomuntuusungeblule." Lokbo kwakusho ukuthi usungeblule ngamazwi.Kuyavela nokuthi isimilo sentombi sibhekwa ngeso elibanzi laphakwelikaMalandelaAbazali nabo bayaye basike elijikayo ngokuthi uma intombiinesimilo esible bafise sengathi ingaba umalokazane wakwabo.Kwenye inkathikucishe kuchitheke uphoko abesifazane sebebanga intombi enesimilo esinjalo.286

UDamane, (1987:41) ukubeka obala lapho uZabantu noMaMwelase bebanga khonaingane kaKhumalo uPhumla kanje:"Iyasho phela bo ingane kaKhumalo ngezwi layo ntombi,ngize ngithi kazi uyosebenza nini uDumisani athathe lengane.Uyazi ngimkbonze kabi PhumIa, MaZwane." KuphawulauZabantu ngezwi elipholile."Habe, Zabantu uhleli nje ugaqele umakoti wakwami?"Kubuza uMaMwelase emangele."Hha, MaMwe1ase, uPhumIa Iona ngaziqoke1a yena kudala,esandakuzalwa."Kuyavela ukuthi izinsizwa zifunda amakhono amaningana ngenkathi zisekwaluseni.Kulesi sikhungo miningana imikhutshana efundwayo kuhlangane nawo owokushela.Kufundwa nezinhlobonhlobo zamald!3mbi kuze kufike nakulawo enza izinsizwazithandeke njengobulawu nezigqabo.Kuyenzeka ukuthi kwenye inkathi insizwaigcine iguqile, igalele zephuka kuleyo ntombi ebithi iyazibika kuyona.Lokhokungadalwa ukuthi intombi ayinalo sanhlobo uthando noma kudalwe umoyawezikhova weqhikiza njengoba kuvezwa uXulu, (1994:15) laphouPhumalangasikothe intokazi yakwaSalabenaba uKoto ixoxa noThileyi ibalisa kanje:Ngivume kuphi usizi hmgikhungethe nje? Ngimazise ngosizilwami lokuthi phela angiziphethe kodwa ngisezandleninasenhliziyweni emhlophe yeqhikiza lakithi uMathikalala.Kodwa sengathi indaba yami iyamcika nje. Uyosuke enqabenocu lukaMhalaza uma ngimvuma noma amane amshaye ..."Kuyavela ukuthi insizwa ayimane ihlanze ngedela noma ilibale kalula uma uculungalingani kodwa nayo ihlanganisa amathambo ekhanda uma iyithanda intombi.Kwenye inkathi iyayiphosa intombi leyo noma imane iyithwale.Umfo kaXulu,287

(1994:50) uyakuveza lokhu iapho uPizi noMpondo befuna ukusiza isishimaneesinguMagqubu kanje:Pizi:(Ukhombisa ukwaneliseka yike nkulumo kaSigemane.)Wakhuluma Sigemane. Minangitbi asihlome manje, lentonjana siyilalele endleleni uma iya koninalume,siyithwale, siyilethe lapha ebese siyifaka isidwaba,kuse sihambe siyomemeza koSayinkentsha.Mpondo: (Aphendule ngokushesha)Muhle Iowa mqondo wakho rnfowethu. Kodwakunenxeba engilibonayo. Uyabona umuntuakayithwali intombi uma ingazange imqome. Umaenze njalo kungase kudliwe isibaya sakhe sonke.Akumele ukuthi uma sigadla, kubuye kwephukeizinduku zethu. Kumele sigadle kwephuke izindukuzabafo.Urnfo kaXulu, (1994:72) uphinde aveze uMagqubu esezama ukusebenzisa umutbikanje:Magqubu: (Uyahleba.) Ngitbi kuwe thatha nali ibhodlelana.(Amnike ibhodlelana elinensizi emnyama.) Ngifunaukuthi kuthi kulalwa kusasa uKoto abe esesoSongweni.Uyokukha kancane nje ngokhezo lweshungu lakho;iziqubu zibe mbili, ekuseni nasemini. Uwufakeenyameni yakhe le yomncamo. Ungeqisi kulokhoengikushilo bleze agule kabana lzinsizwa zonazizoblale zicuphile ukuthi uma engafiki kuze kulalwekusasa, zimIande ngomhlomunye entathakusa uma njeseluthi luyaphuma udwendwe.Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi ukuphonsa nokuthwala kuwuphawu lobushimanengoba kukhombisa ukuthi insizwa ndini leyo inomnqantulaUcwaningo lubuye lukuveze nokuthi umzwangedwa Iona akuyona into yamanjenoma eyafika namaQadasi, wawukhona nasemandulo.Insizwa nentombi bathi288

engaqomana bashukwe yilesi sifo somzwangedwa. Ngenxa yesuno sesikolakwaMtbaniya intombi ayinalo ilungelo lokuphuma ekhaya iyothungatha isokangakubo.Intombi ifela ngaphakathi kuze kufike isoka lelo ngoba kulichiloelingachazeki elingah1aza umndeni nesigodi sakubo ukuyothungatha isoka. Umuntuonegunya lokuthiba 10 mzwangedwa kuba yilo isoka ngokuthi lihambe liye ngakubokantombi liyodlulisa uthi lomzimba. Kwenye inkathi liphatha isibuko lithilingaqondana nekubo kantombi lisibhekise ngakhona ukukhanya kuhlabe ngqokhona. Intombi ibe isiyifunda ivaliwe ukuthi usefikile uNtabaziyadilika wayo besenayo izama icebo lokuphuma ekhaya.Icebo elalilula kunamanye yilelo lokuthathaimbiza intombi inikele emfuleni ngoba emfuleni kwakusemphelandaba.UMaMhlongo, (2003) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Umfula Iona kusemphelandaba. Zonke izindaba zikhinindwauma kuyiwa khona futhi nezinqumo eziningi zithathwa khonanjengakho ukuqomana. Ukuba umfula uyakhuluma ngabeuzixoxa zingapheli. Uyiphalamende uqobo lapho kuthathwakhona izinqumo.Isiko lokukhuzelanalo liveziwe njengomkhutshana obalulekile futhi othokozelwaamasoka nezintombi.Intombi okuthi uma idlula insizwa ingakhuzelwa ikhombisaukuba nophawu Iwesinyama.Izinsizwa ziyazikhuzela izintombi noma zingahIoselutho kodwa zenzela ukuthi izintombi zizibone zibalulekile futhi zisenalo nethubalokuthathwa. Izintombi nezinsizwa zasemadolobheni zisakhala ezimathonsingokushabalala kwaleli siko kwezinye izindawo.UMolefe, (1992:05) uyakucacisa lokhu lapho uMmeli uMyende noZenzibeteketisana kanje:289

Myende: Sawubona ntombenkulu. Ngafisa ukubayinsizwa yakwaZulu ngenkathi kusadliwa ngoludalaNgabe ngiyakhuzela-ke manje.Zenzi: (Ernamatheka.) Namanje ungakhuzelaSewuzohlushwa yikhona ukuthi bazokuhleka abantubasedolobheni.Myende:Bazobona kodwa ukuthi ngiyayithanda le ntombi.Kubuye wasekelwa kahle uMolefe, (1991:84) lapho inkosi uMgidi eblrinqa khonainduna yakhe enkulu uMsanka kanje:Mgidi: Khuzela Msanka, nazi izintombi zingena!Msanka: Nda ... Nda ... Ndabe ...Mgidi: (Amyeke uMsanka, abhekane nezintombi. Abe muhle.)Zintombi! Nagcina nini ukukhuzelwa? (Kuthi nya.)Nisho ukuthi noma nisemfuleni niyogeza akukhomabhungwana azingela onogwaja ayaye ashwashwatheamazwana eningawezwa kahle awabhekise kini? Lafaelihle kakhulu! Wena nkosazana linda izwi laphaemnyango.Ucwaningo luplrinde lukuveze nokuthi ngeke ufakwe amasongo kaSigonyela umaucela intombi ukuthi ikushikilele. KwelikaMthaniya intombi iyakuthokozela kakhululokho ngoba ithola ithuba lokwazisa izwe lonke ukuthi yona iseyintombi ngempelaubuntombi bayo busagcwele futhi ayixegi ndawo.Okukhulu kunakho konke okuvezwe ucwaningo ukukhombisa ububle nokubalulekakokuzalwa komntwana emndenini ophelele futhi ozinzile.Umntwana ubadingabobabili abazali bakhe ngenkathi esandakuzalwa, ekhula aze abe yindoda lsizathusalokhu ukugwema izinkinga ezibakhona uma amasiko athile engenziwanga ekhayaeliphelele. Kuliqiniso ukuthi abantwana abayimilanjwana imvamisa bakhulabentekenteke ngenxa yokuthi abenzelwanga amasiko athile ngokuthi abazali290

abablalisene.Umndeni ophelele uba yisibuko kubantwana nabo bathole ugqoziukuthi langalimbe nabo babe nemindeni yabo.UMkhize, (1965:06) uyakuveza lokhu lapho uButhe1ezi exabana khona nowakwakheuMaNtombela ngenxa kaDambuza owafika nonina kanje:Buthelezi:Kade kwasa ngikutshela ngithi ngingabothi nxangibonisa umfana ukuthi wonile wena umtsheleukuthi akonile, ngoba kuzomona lokho, akhuleengazi ukuthi okuble yikuphi, okubi yikuphingoba nakhu sipbikisana phambi kwakhe.MaNtombela: Into wena Buthe ...Buthelezi: Wena-ke awuzwa Ubona ukuthi ngihluphaurnntanakho ngoba engaphumi emathunjiniami, ngiyamzonda, yikho ngimthethisa nje.Konke lokho ukusho phambi kwakhe yikhonakuzogcizeleleka nakuye ukuthi ngiyisithasakhe. Wena ungumvikeli wakhe.MaNtombela: Chabo-bo.Buthelezi:Kulungile-ke sengimyeke phansi. Noma enzanienzani ngeke ngisasbo lutho, ngingekengisamkbuza, ngingeke ngisamsola, ngizobukanje. Ngiyethemba ukuthi kuzokwanelisa lokhongoba sengimxegile umntanakbo njengokushokwakho. Kodwa soyicela ivuthiwe.Lokhu kuphinde kwesekwe uBhengu, (2005:3) lapho eveza uMsani noMaMthiyabehlupha uHleziphi emva kokushonelwa abazali kanje:Isehlo sengozi yebhasi samphoqa uMsani noMaMthiya ukubabagcine uHleziphi emzini wabo, futhi bafune izihloboezaziqondene noIDeziphi ngegazi. Imizamo yomnumzaneMsani ayiphumelelenga ukuba bathole ababeyizihlobozikaIDeziphi. Ngokubamba kwesikbatbi uHleziphi ekhulaesenezindleko eziqondene naye nje yedwa, waba ngumthwaloonzima kuMsani noMaMthiya Baqala ukumphathisa291

okwenyongo yenyathi, bambandlulula ngezenzo, nanxababengakhulumi ngemilomo amagama okubandlulula.Ucwaningo lukubeke kwacaca bha iqhaza elibanjwa umfana emisebenziniyasekhaya.Umfima akagcini nje ngokwelusa kodwa uthi engabuya ekwaluseniaklelise amagula eselungiselela ukusenga.Amasi awukudla okubaluleke ngendlelaengechazeke kwelikaMthaniya. Lokhu kufakazelwa uDonda, (1997:4) lapho etbi:Inkomo-ke ithandelwa ubisi lwayo. Amasi ayayixosha indlala.Abafana babuya sebewaqhuba amahinikazi, onondlini kumbeizinsengwakazi zakwabo. lzigqala bagcina ngazo ngobaazinalubisi kanti futbi zinemibele elukhuni. Zitbi umaizinkomazi zisaphunga imikhonto bebe bekhipha amathunganamagula, bavule incotho emibhotshoselweni ukuzelmkhameke umlaza. Sekuzohlanjwa izandla qede kusengwe.Uma sekusengiwe kuzokwetbiwa kugcwale amagula. Umlazauzophuzwa, omunye kwenziwe ngawo ihongo. Nakanjanintambama kuzodliwa umthamo obandayo. Uma kudliwainkomo ihamba phela izingane zikha ngezandla zokudla zithelekwezokunxele ngaphambi kokuba zidle. Ekugcineni izandlazizokwesulelwa eziswini ukuze iziswana zabo zithambe. Phelangalezo zikhatbi yayingandile imimfuma yamafutha. Abadalaindwamba babeyinwampela ngezinkezo ezazihlalaesampontshini. Amasi-ke ayedlelwa ezinkambeni. Kuyafikalokhu ukuba adlelwe ezindishini futbi adliwe ngezipunu.Abafana yibona futbi ababamba elikhulu iqhaza ekulimeni odedangendlalebamasimu. Kufanele kukhumbuleke ukuthi isizwe samaZulu sithanda ukudla okushaokungakaphelelwa isikhathi. AmaZulu adla amasi amasha, izithelo,izitshalonemifino emishalzitshalo zihlale ziyinala emasimini ngoba abafana bangongotiekulimeni besebenzisa izinkabi.Basazi njengoba bezazi isipani esenza umsebenziobonakalayo nophusile.Bayakwazi ukuklama indima bacubungule indlela elulaabazoyilima ngayo.292

Ukwakha isibaya kungeminye yemisebenzi ebalulekile ovemle ucwaningo. Isibayaisona esikhombisa ukuma kwendoda ngobuningi bemfuyo enayo ngakho kufanelesinakekelwe. Isibaya siyasebenzisana ngoba cishe unyaka nonyaka sidingaukuvuselelwa. Lokhu kufakazelwa uDonda, (1997:9) lapho ethi:Izinkomo zidalelane umsebenzi omkhulu. Ukwakha isibayanjalo ngonyaka alrumngani wamuntu. Uma kungenziwa lokhozizofohla zone, amacala embule ingubo angene. Ubaniongathula athi du IImhlaza wakhe uqedwe yizinkomo? Phinde.Kungenzeka futhi abafana zibaphunyuke uma bengavimbangakahle zone. Kunabanye abanemikhuba emibi yokujabula umaizinkomo zabanye abafana zidla insimu. Uzwa behlabelelabethi:"Lekeleke zayigomfela,Lekeleke zayigomfela,Uyoz' azibonele,Aphel' amakhasana "Ucwaningo lukubeke kwacaca bha ukuthi ngaphandle kokuvikela imfuyo isibayasineqhaza elikhulu empilweni yomZulu ngoba siyikomkhulu lamadlozi. Umsebenziusuke ungaphelele uma kungedlulwanga esibayeni. UDonda, (1997:3) uyakwesekalapho ethi:Isibaya yiyona ndawo lapho abadala bomuzi behlala khona.Yingakho-ke imibiko yonke nezicelo zonke zenzelwaezibayeni. Yiso esiyithempeli lamaZulu. Uma kuyoganiswakuphunyelwa esibayeni. Uma kuphuma impi yenkosi,iphumela khona esibayeni. Yilapho abalele behlabeka khonabaphume nabo baziphelekezele izingane zabo. Imikhuhlaneyonke ibonakala esibayeni. Uma ingane igula kuye kuthiweukufa akuye ezinkomeni. Nempela kuye kugule impahlakusinde abantu. Uma kufa izinkomo esibayeni kufunekaindoda ithathe izinduku iye kwabanamanga iyomla ukuthiithini incwadi eyibhalelwa ngabaphansi. lsuke ifuna ukuthilokho okubikwayo kuyifica isimi ngenkomo.293

Imizi enezinkomo ayihlaseleki kalula ngoba uma izinkomazizibhonga zisuke ziphunga yona imikhonto yezitha lsililoengabe sikhalwa ngabantu sigcina sikhalwa yizo izinkomo.Abafana angeke wabatolikela ngezihlahla ezinezintingo eziqinile nezingadliwakalula umuhlwa ngoba indima yabo leyo abayigogodele ekwaluseni.Bayawaziumtholo, umluthu, isablokothi, ugagane kanye nesinqawe.Ucwaningo luveze ukusika amabheshu njengeminye imisebenzi ebalulekile efundwanrnfana UmZulu uzizwa kahle uma ehlobile ngemvunulo yakhe yesiNtu.UKhumalo, (1994:91) uphawula kanje ngokuvunula komZulu:Uma uphendula amehlo, ubuya endlini kwethu, udelangeyokosa impela. UZulu sekuthiwa uvunule, kuphithanaikhanda! Ubuhle bemvunulo kaZulu abaningi baze bathibenziwa ukuthi busazinze nya, nya, nya ekudabukenikwengabadi. Imvunulo yezikhumba zezilwane zemvelo,iwuphawu oluthi alube seqhulwini uma ingekhona echoshenilemvunulo ngokwesabelo sikaMvelingqangi. Phela uMveliabantu wayebaphe nje isikhumba qha ukuba sibe yimvunuloyabo, ukuba sibe yiqholo nomqhanana wabo. Buka imvelo,yonke yaziwa ngezikhumba zayo zendabuko. Yithi esathingokwehluleka ukugcina ubuhle negqabo ngophawulukaMenzi, sathuka sesizenyeza, sabhinca amahlamvuezihJabJa kuze kube namhlanje.EzaKwaZulu zisho ngezinkomo zakwabo, ithi ukuyandlazelaishaya emaqakaleni. Injani bona ubuhle? Iyacwebezela uboyabulele buthule buthe nje du. Iphelekezelwa zinjobo zakwabo,esezithakwe ngezinyamazane zekhethelo. Sona isinenesakhona? Kuthule kuthe nje dUo into ebihlalelwe kwaphelaisikbatbi yephothwa. Zisho ngongiyane, imiqhele, izicocophela. Zizodwa ezisho ngamadlokolo umakungeminyakanyaka eshaya ngezinsiba zezinyoni zezulu.Yimigexo, yimitamatama Ngamadavadi, zingxabulelaezimlobolobo phansi. Hba! Isivunule insizwa yakwaZulukuthi buka nje. Ebese isho ngenkomo yakwabo lapha, ingabengumdlelo, iyokweshela, ingabe nguncusha, ingabe yinkomoyonke, isihlangu phela. Ngisho izinduku zakhona, zenziwe!Umzaca, iwisa, ubhoko, kucanwe isisoka. Umgobokukhuluma insimba, insimangwe, inkawu, iklolodo. Hbawu!294

akithi! Ubuhle kodwa lobuya?lapha eMdubane, ubonengokungakhulumekiyo.Uboke nje ubuke oLishole nto ebabazekaNoma kuleli zinga umfana engenzi olubabazekayo kepha wenza okusemandleniakhe. Uphosa iso elibanzi ngeukathi abadala benza 10 mshikashika ukuze bahlomeleingomuso. Ingani nesiZulu siyakufakazela lokho lapho sithi: "Inkunzi isematholeni."Umfana okhula engumthithimbila, isinokwe soqobo esingakwazi ukwenza luthoasithandeki kwelikaMthaniya ngoba uyokhula abe indoda engenasithunzi ephilangokwenzelwa amanye amadoda.Imvunulo iyincwadi efundeka uyikhiphe ngale, ngomuntu.Ngemvunulo WaZlungabuzwanga ukuthi umuntu okusiphi isigaba Kungaba ijongosi, itshitshi,iqbikizll, inkehli, ingoduso, ibhungu, insizwaUKhumalo, (1997:92) uyakwesekalokhu 1apho ethi:Ngisho isimame sakhona kwaMalandela, ijongosi nje ngesigegesalo, lishaye nje lingazi nakwazi. Lizenyezani? Lithi bukaukhawule ngefusi. Izinkehli, ingani nazi izinhloko, balasezikhehlile, nezidwaba zazo zesiyakhuluma manje. Izingodusophela zisezingeni lokwazisa nokublonipha ngoba seziceliwezaze zakhehlwa lzidwaba zazo-ke sezimele ukuthi thuthu.Phela seziphakatbi kwesigaba samaqhikiza nesomame manje.Omame eyabo sekungethi nje thina sizinzalabantu. lzidwaba njezizodwa zisho ezansi kwamadolo. lzinhloko zabo sezithe ukubazinde kunalezi zezinkehli. Omunye-ke uyobuza ukuthi leziezinkulu zona? Ubuke njalo ubuhle bemvunulo yakithi, sithisimunye kodwa uMsinga nje ikakhu1ukazi aMachunu ngekeakulahlekela ngisho ungafika uZulu ezinkumbi. lzicholo zabo!Zize zathi ukuba yimpenge. Zinkulu!Ucwaningo lukuvezile u1mhlinza nokublahlela njengeminye yemisebenzi ebalulekileeyenziwa umfana ngenkathi ekhulaIsizwe sikaMalandela isizwe esithandayoukubusa nakho ukuhlaba kuyinsakavukela kusona Umuzi ongahlabi abantu295

abawuthandisisi. AmaZulu ahlaba kumnandi noma kunomunyu. Vma kwehleinhlanhla siyahlaba, uma sicela noma sibonga umcimbi usuke ungaphelele umakungachithekanga igazi. Pho umnnmvme ongahlabi ngabe ubanjwe yini? Ngabeazimehleli zonke lezi zigameko? UDonda, (1997:5) ubeka kanje ngalokhu:Ngaphandle kwamasi knkhona inyama Vmnikazi wenkomoingeyakhe nje uma isamdalela amacala, idla amasimu abantu,nenkunzi igwaza izinkomo zabantu. Kuyingcosana kabiokwakhe uma isihlatshiwe. Inyama-ke yivelakancane futhiinyama yinyama ngokunyamalalaAbantu abangayejwayele baba namehlo amnyama umabeyiphethe. Vmuzi ongavamisile ukuba nenyamaawuthandeki. Vmuzi kaShingana wethiwa yinkosi uMpandengokuthi kuSonkweni ngenxa yokwesweleka kwenyamakulowo muzi. Phela inyama yiyo eda1a ukuba abantubahloniphane futhi bazazi izikhundla zabo.Zonke izitho enkomeni zinabanikazi bazo, ngakho-ke umfana uyafundiswa indIelayoknblinza nokublahlelaVqale abambe ngenkathi kublinzwa, afunde ngokubJinzaizingcuba endle agcine naye esegogodile esengungoti kulo mkbakbaNgaphandlekokwazi izitho ufunda nokubaluleka kwazo. Vyatshelwa ngokubaluleka kwenyongoukuthi iyinsila yekhaya futhi uma ike yaqhuma ingakakbishwa enyameni leyo nyamangeke idleke ngenxa yokubaba UDonda, (1997:06) ubeka kanje ngenyongo:Into ebebesi isuke ingavuthiwe, iluhlaza ngakho-ke isukeibaba Into ebabayo yinyongo. Ayidliwa inyongo kodwayindoda eyisebenzisayo. Yindoda egaxa inqalathi yenyongouma ihlabile. Yiyo echela ngenyongo izinto ezidingaukuhlanjululwa Inyongo-ke iyababa Vma ike yachithekelaenyameni leyo nyama imane ibabe ingabe isadleka IsibindikeSODa simane sivuthwe. Indoda yamadoda neNkosiyokuthula bake bayiphuzisa amanzi axutshwe noviniga kanyenenyongo. Akekho umuntu owayengaqeda ukoma ngentoenjalo.296

Umfana ekhula ewazi amantshontsho, azi ukuthi insonyama, isixhanti, icwiyo, igurnanenkotha kudliwa abanumzane. Akatolikelwa ukuthi umhlubulo, ungiklane, ithebe,umtshazo, uotu, (uluotu), inanzi, usu, nosinyaka okomamaAbafana bona bazitikangobhedu (inhliziyo kanye nephaphu), ubende nedevu.Bakhula bazi karnhlopheukuthi impuodu ayidliwa yinona ubani kepha idliwa izalukazi ngoba ibangaukukhohlwa ngakho ayibafanele abantu abasha lluoda elenkosazana yakuleyo ndluokuhlatshwe kuyo.6.2 IzincomoUkufika kwempucuko yaseNtshonalanga ifike nokhondolo olwenza ukuba amasikoesiNtu athande ukusibekelwa awezizwe. Uma sibheka esikhathini samanje buoingiububi obenziwa abafana ngoba bengasakhuliswanga ngendle1a futhi bengenze1wangaamasiko athile nafanelekile.Kuyanconywa ukuthi uHulumeni osezintanjeni uzame ukubuyisela isithunzisamakhosi ukuze kube iwona asabalalisa ivangeli ebantwini bayo ukuze zibuyeemasisweni. Amasiko awumgogodla wobuntu nobuzwe bakhe, ngaphandle kwawoisizwe singashabalalaUMpanza, (1994:7) ubeka kanje mayelana nokubalulekakwesiko:Zonke izizwe ezinenkolo ziyaye zibonakale ngokugcinaamasiko azo, aziwalahli ngisho zingaphucuzeka kanjani.297

Kuyanconywa ukuthi amakhosi nawo abhunkule ashumayela ivangelilokuqhakambisa ukubaluleka kwesiko kubantu bonkana ukuze abantu bangabiamalulwane, banamathele emasikweni ezinye izizwe, bakhohlwe imvelaphi yabo.Kuyanconywa ukuthi uMnyango Wezemfundo wenze uhIelo olutlrize lapho izinganezasemadolobheni zingavakashela imindeni yasemakhaya isikhathi esithize ukuzezifunde, zivuselele amasiko esiNtu nemikhutshana YakhonaKuyanconywa ukuthi izikole nazo zibambe iqhaza zifundise abantwana ngendlelayokuziphathaIntshumayelo yokuziphatha mayingabhekiswa emantombazaneniodwana ngoba kuyiwona asala nomthwalo emva kokuhlekisanaAbafana nabomabalulekwe baboniswe ukululazeka kwabo uma sebethole abantwanaabangabahlelele futhi nesikhathi singakavumi.Lesi sincomo singalehlisa izingalezingane eziyimilanjwana ngoba isikhathiesiningi abafana bayawabhozomelaarnantombazane noma engavumile besebenzisa izikhwepha.Ukusetshenziswakwezikhwepha akulungile kuwukudlwengulaLo mkhuba uyasehlisa usiphoxeisizwe ngakho kufuneka ulahliswe okwenyongo yenyathi. Uma intsha nesizwekungagqugquzelwa ukuba kunamathele emasikweni, cishe nesifo lesi esithandaukushabalalisa isizwe, ingculaza ingagcina isihlanze ngedelaKuyanconywa futhi ukuthi isikole njengesizinda lapho intsha ichitha khona isikhathisayo esiningi izikole zenze imincintiswano ethile ezovuselela inhloniphonokubaluleka kwamasiko. lzikole maziqhakambise imigubho ephathelene namasikoesiNtu nabantwana babambe iqhaza elibonakalayo kuleyo migubho. Kuyanconywa298

nokuthi abafundisi bezingane zesikole bangakhombi ngeminwe kepha babambeiqhazaelibonakalayo ekuphumeleliseni amasiko esizwe.Kuyanconywa ukuthi nezibhedlela noMnyango Wezempilo nazo zibambe iqhazangokuthi abafana bengasokwa ezibhedlela kodwa basokwe emakhaya ngaphansikweso elibukhali lodokotela noma labezempilo ukuze babone ukuthi leli siko lenzekengokuphephaFuthi leli siko lingabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ukudambisa izifoezithathelana ngokocansi ngoba uma umfana eqhathulile ijwabu lesitho sakhesangasese liyahlehla bese ephelelwa indawo yokucasha amagciwane.Kuyanconywa ukuthi uHulumeni osezintanjeni agqugquzele ukuvuselelwakwezifundo zezolimo ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kanyenasemiphakathini jikelele. Uma abantu bengakwazi ukuthi yilowo nalowo mndeniube nesivanjana sawo imindeni ingasimama ngoba bengayeka ukulokhu beyothengaezitolo futhi badle ukudla okusha nokunomsoco ngoba kuyabonakala ukuthiezindaweni lapho kusagcinwa khona amasiko abantu abahlaselwa kalula izifo ngobabayazilimela lokho okwenza abafana bawenze umsebenzi wabo wokubophelaKungashayelwa ihlombe uma uMnyango wezeMidlalo ungagqugquzelwaukubuyiswa kwemidlalo yesiNtu ezikoleni nasemiphakathini njengokungcweka,ukuciba insemaUma le midlalo ingabuyiswa inganciphisa ubugebengu entsheninakubo abadala bese igcina abafana benemizimba eqinile.Kuyancomeka ukuthiuHulumeni wesiFundazwe sakithi usuqalile ukubona isidingo salokho ngobangomhla ka-06 kuNcwaba 2005 bekukhona umncintiswano ePort Dunford mayelananeminye yale midlalo.299

6.3 IsiphethoKulolu cwaningo kuyavela ukuthi abazali abaningi bayathanda ukuba nabantwanauma sebehleli ndawonye ngokomthetho. Kodwa iningi labazali lithokozangokweqile uma umntwana kungumfana ngoba kusuke kujatshulelwa ukuthi uzovusaumuzi kayise ngokuqhubezela isibongo sikayise phambili.Akufani nentombazaneyona ethi ingagcagca isilahle phansi isibongo sakubo isithatha esasemzini.Okwesibili umfana uma eyizibulo kubo uba indlalifa Ngokwesiko lesiZulu umuntuwesifazane akalokothi abe indlalifa ngoba kuthathwa ngokuthi ungumntwana ngakhoudinga umbheki noma engaba mdala kangakanani noma eseshadile imbalaImpucuko yaseNtshonalanga isithande ukugixabeza abesifazane amandla athe xaxakwenye inkathi acishe adlule nawabesilisaUShange, (1992:9) uyakuveza lokbulapho uDlamini eklolodelwa umalokazane wakwakhe uDaisy ethi:"We ma, waze wahlupheka Dlamini, ngaze ngakudabukelaAmafa kanti aqhwagwa kanje? Ngoba bengithi ungumuntuosile nje nokwazi ukuzisebenzela?" Kusho uDaisy ebabonabesukuma sebehamba, naye esebavalelisa ngamazwi."Wawungatsheli ngani uThemba esaphila ukuthi uma efa kubekbona akushiyela kbona? Wathula waqoma ukuthi uyozauzobangela mina umsindo. Ushaye phansi-ke, angigitshelwaekbanda mina Futhi-ke uma ufuna ukwazi, mina ebandlenilethu asizili uma sishonelwe, sibe silokbu sidunyelwa sifakaizingubo ezimnyama, into engathi shu. Yazini lokbo-ke, umanifuna ukwazi."Ocwaningweni kuyavela ukuthi umfana ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ukufezaimisebeuzi yasekbayaUmfana uyelusa, asenge, abophele izinkabi, azingele futhiuyena umfana ovusa umuzi kayise uma uyise eseye kwelamathongo.300

Noma uHulumeni osezintanjeni ungenza noma yimiphi imizamo ukweblisa isithunzisowesilisa, iqhaza elibanjwa umfana loblale likhona kwelikaMthaniya, ngekelagotshiswa uphondo yimithetho engenasisekelo, ethekelwe kwezinye izizwenamasiko. Empeleni asikholwa ukuthi uHulumeni uyakuthanda ukukhwezaabesifazane emakbanda abayeni bawo nezingane phezu kwamakbanda abantuabadalaIkhonco lakhe elibutbakathaka wukuthi ufuna ukwandisa amavoti ngenxayobuningi besifazane kanye nentsha Phela wukukhethwa ngo "Elethu!"olmngamenza ablale eziqhoqhobele izintambo zombuso.Bese lilimala-ke isikongenxa yolobilobi wokuthanda umbuso wezwe.Ukunonophala kolimi kuvela kucace bha lapho umfana ekhula Dmfana ubonakalaekhula ukuthi uzoba indoda enjani. Abanye benza ubudoda besebancane yingakhokunesaga esithi:"Umthente ublaba usamila" noma "Inkunzi isematholeni," nomaenze okungaphezu kwakhe kuthiwe: "Ubudoda abukhulelwa"Lolu limi olumtotinolunothe kangaka lwezisho nezaga luzobekwa emathongwaneni kumbeemashungwini (emitatsheni yolwazi) lapho izizukulwane zezikulwane ziyopilombazibuye ziyontongela khona uma seziqalekele ulwazi.Kuyacaca bha ukuthi ukukhulisa umntwana ongumZulu ngosikompilolwaseNtshonalanga kuyamthuntubeza umfana ngokomqondo ngoba kuyaphambananenqubo yesiNtu futhi maningi amagxathu aweqayo abalulekile empilweniangamenza indoda eqotho nebloniphekile empbakathini. Lokhu kweqekakwamazinga kufana nokuhamba kwexoxo Iona olunohambo olungabanjwangokuphelele ngoba indawo eningi yeqiwe.Akufani nokuhamba komnenke wonaesikwazi nokulandela imilobo lapho ubambe khonaNalokhu okuvalelwe kulo301

mqingo kutholakale ngokulandela yona kanye imilobo eshiywe yisiko.Urontwanaoweblelwe yiloInShophi wokujombajomba nokweqa amazinga ukhula engazazikahle imvelaphi yakhe nezinselelo abhekene nazo ibanga nebanga Lokhukufakazelwa uTyrcll, (1983:136) lapho ethi:In Western society the young person faces an uncomfortablegrowing-up time. The passage from childhood to maturityoften entails a protracted series of encounters between olderand younger generations, with the younger fighting for arecognition not easily accorded them by the older. By contrast,initiations in African society are easier on the different agegroups,providing a clear set of rules dictating behaviourtowards one another. The prospective initiate is removed fromsociety to undergo experiences which separate him or her fromsociety at large, as previously perceived. However thisprocedure effectively binds the initiate into a specific socialgroup and it is as a member ofthis group that he or she is notonly welcomed back into society, but given an acceptablemode ofself-expression and participation.Kuyiqiniso elingephikwe ukuthi umuzi ongenaye umfana ubonakala ngombala ngobaimisebenzi abamba iqhaza kuyona iyasilelaNoma bengayenza abesibhuda kephaubumpetba, ubunyoninco nobuchwepheshe awenza ngayo umfana buyasilela Nomaintombazane ingalusa kodwa kukhona lelo zinga nekhono eliyimvelo kumfanaengeke yafika kulo.Umuzi onganaye umfana kuba kwampunzidlemini, udlalaizinswelaboya kanti umfana uma ekhona,ziyesaba ngoba ziyazi ukuthi kukhonaokusina kuzijeqeza.Umfana akagcini ngokuha umfanaUyakhula adlondlobale aze alike ezingenilokuba indoda Umuzi ongenandoda awunaso isithunzi futhi awukho ngobaowesifazane uma ezocela inxiwa ehamba yedwana, induna noma inkosi iyalandula302

ngoba umuzi ubizwa ngowesilisa.Umuzi kungaba kwaGumede, Mvelase kodwakungathiwa kwaMaMbatba sekuchaza ukuthi lowo uganile esibongweni esithile.Okukhulu kunakbo konke ukuthi umfana uvusa umuzi wakubo ukuze lihlale likbonaigama lakubo. OVusumuzi, oBhekuyise, Bhekabakubo, oMzwandile, oMuzikayise,oBhekumuzi, oZuzumuzi amagama akhombisa ukubaluleka komfana ekuvuseniumuzi wakwabo.303

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