27.11.2012 Views

Wollof Grammar Manual - Wolof Online

Wollof Grammar Manual - Wolof Online

Wollof Grammar Manual - Wolof Online

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Grammar</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

prepared by<br />

Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

PO Box 582<br />

Banjul<br />

The Gambia<br />

tel: 220 392466<br />

1995


3521281&,$7,21 *8,'(<br />

7KH ZRORI SURQRXQFLDWLRQ V\VWHP LV UHODWLYHO\ VLPSOH (YHU\ V\PERO VWDQGV IRU RQO\ RQH VRXQG WKDW<br />

LV HYHU\ V\PERO LV SURQRXQFHG WKH VDPH ZD\ LQ HYHU\ ZRUG<br />

7KH GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ VKRUW DQG ORQJ YRZHOV LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW EHFDXVH LW LV VRPHWLPHV WKH RQO\<br />

ZD\ WR GLVWLQJXLVK SDLUV RI ZRUGV ZKLFK KDYH GLIIHUHQW PHDQLQJV /RQJ YRZHOV DUH DOZD\V GRXEOHG<br />

ZKLOH VKRUW YRZHOV DUH QRW<br />

7KHUH LV D ORW RI SUHQDOL]DWLRQ LQ ZRORI 7KHUH XVXDOO\ RFFXU ZLWK QDVDOV VXFK DV P Q HWF<br />

9 2 : ( / 6<br />

$V LQGLFDWHG ZRORI YRZHOV DUH HLWKHU ORQJ RU VKRUW $ ORQJ YRZHO LV LQGLFDWHG D GRXEOLQJ RI WKH<br />

V\PERO DQG LW PXVW EH SUQRXQFHG D OLWWOH ORQJHU WKDQ D VKRUW YRZHO ZKLFK LV QRW GRXEOHG<br />

/RQJ DQG VKRUW YRZHOV FDQ RFFXU DQ\ZKHUH LQ WKH ZRUG<br />

92:(/ 1($5(67 (1*/,6+ (48,9$/(17 :2/2) (;$03/(6<br />

D DEVRUE EDQWD WDSD VDQWD<br />

DD IDU ODDM QDDM FDDEL<br />

H JHW GHP OHP JHUWH<br />

HH ZKHUH VHHW OHHO<br />

p VD\ EpV<br />

pp VDQH ZppU UppU<br />

s ELUG NsU GsJsU<br />

L LQ SLW QLW VLPLLV WLPLV<br />

LL PHHW VLLV OLL NLL<br />

R PRPHQW [RE URPED<br />

y QR QyE VyI<br />

RR GRRU ORR VRR<br />

yy SKRQH JyyU IyyW<br />

X FRRN QX\X XEL<br />

XX PRRQ WXXUX \XX[X<br />

& 2 1 6 2 1 $ 1 7<br />

E ER\ EXQWD EDQ<br />

F FK LQ FKXUFK FDDEL FHHE FDDPRx<br />

G GRJ GHI GDUD<br />

I ILUH IDV IHWHO IR ND<br />

J JRRG GRJDO GXJJD<br />

M MRE MDERRUH MR[<br />

N FRRO NDDOD NXPSD<br />

O ODQG ORROX ODDO<br />

P PRRQ PHHZ GHP<br />

Q QRE QLW QD[<br />

x RQLRQ Q\ xHHEH JDDxX<br />

KDQJ PD<br />

S SDUN SDUH VRRSD<br />

U UDW UD[DV UHHU<br />

V VLJQ VLLV VDIDUD<br />

W VWDPS WXEDDE DDWH<br />

Z ZDU ZDDZ UHHZ<br />

[ EHWZHHQ K DQG N [DOH [DDOLV<br />

\ \RXU \DD\ \XX[X


35(1$6$/,=(' &21621$176<br />

PE PEp\ PEDDP<br />

QG QGH\ QGLJWH<br />

QM QJRU QJD<br />

QJ ODPSD<br />

PS WD ND OX ND<br />

N<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

*2$/<br />

%\ WKH HQG RI WKH JUHHWLQJV OHVVRQ OHDUQHU ZLOO EH DEOH WR JUHHW HIIHFWLYHO\ XVLQJ WKH JHQHUDO VSHFLILF<br />

DQG OHDYH WDNLQJ ZLWK WKH DSSURSULDWH FXOWXUDO SURWRFRO<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

/HDUQHU ZLOO EH DEOH WR JUHHW HIIHFWLYHO\ WKH GLIIHUHQW DJHV E\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV<br />

*(1(5$/ *5((7,1*6<br />

2PDU 6DODDPDDOHHNXP 3HDFH EH XSRQ \RX<br />

0RRGX 0DDOHHNXP VDODDP 3HDFH UHWXUQ WR \RX<br />

2PDU -DDPD QJDDP 'R \RX KDYH SHDFH $UH \RX LQ SHDFH "<br />

0RRGX -DDPD UHN 3HDFH RQO\<br />

2PDU 1DND QJD GHI +RZ DUH \RX +RZ GR \RX GR "<br />

0RRGX 0DDQJL IL UHN , DP KHUH RQO\ , DP ILQH<br />

2PDU 6D \DUDP MDDPD ,V \RXU ERG\ LQ SHDFH<br />

$UH \RX LQ JRRG KHDOWK<br />

0RRGX -DDPD UHN 3HDFH RQO\<br />

2PDU $QD ZDD NsU JL :KHUH DUH WKH SHRSOH DW KRPH"<br />

+RZ LV \RXU IDPLO\ "<br />

0RRGX fXQJD ID 7KH\ DUH WKHUH 7KH\ DUH ILQH<br />

2PDU 0EDD GHIXxX GDUD , KRSH QRWKLQJ LV ZURQJ ZLWK WKHP<br />

+RSH WKH\ DUH ILQH<br />

0RRGX 'pHGpHW GHIXxX GDUD 1R QRWKLQJ LV ZURQJ ZLWK WKHP<br />

7KH\ DUH ILQH<br />

2PDU 1DND OLJpH\ EL +RZ LV WKH ZRUN<br />

0RRGX 0DDQJL VL NRZDP QGDQND QGDQND<br />

, DP RQ LW VORZO\ VORZO\<br />

75$16)250$7,21<br />

4XHVWLRQ $QVZHU<br />

1DND QJD GHI 0DDQJL IL UHN<br />

1DQJD GHI 0DDQJL IL UHN<br />

1RR GHI 1LL UHN<br />

$QD ZDD NsU JD JL fXQJL IL xXQJD ID<br />

1DND ZDD NHU JD 1XQJ ID -DDPD UHN<br />

1DND QMDERRW JL fXQJL FL MDDPD 6DQWD \DOOD<br />

&8/785$/ 127(6<br />

1DQJD GHI " 0DDQJL IL UHN<br />

7KLV IRUP RI JUHHWLQJ LV XVHG IRU RQH V SHHUV RU MXQLRUV ,W LV QRW FRQVLGHUHG UHVSHFWIXO WR XVH WKLV<br />

W\SH RI JUHHWLQJ ZLWK HOGHU SHRSOH *UHHWLQJV XVXDOO\ JR WRJHWKHU ZLWK KDQGVKDNH VRPH PHQ GR QRW<br />

VKDNHKDQGV ZLWK ZRPDQ EHFDXVH RI UHOLJLRQV UHDVRQV 7KHUHIRUH ZRPHQ VKRXOG ZDLW IRU PHQ WR<br />

PDNH WKH PRYH HVSHFLDOO\ LQ DQ XQIDPLOLDU PLOLHQ *UHHWLQJV DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LQ *DPELDQ VRFLHW\<br />

DQG PXVW EH XVHG WR RSHQ FRQYHUVDWLRQ EXVLQHVV WUDQVDFWLRQV HWF


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

+HUH DUH RWKHU IRUPV RI LQIRUPDO JUHHWLQJV XVHG DPRQJ SHHUV<br />

4XHVWLRQ $QVZHU<br />

1DNDP 1LL UHN ILQH<br />

1LPX GHPHH .XXO<br />

'ULOOV WR EH XVHG LQ WKLV GLDORJXH<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH PLPLFU\ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

6LPXOWDQHRXV GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

*UDPPDU XVHG LQ WKLV GLDORJXH DUH<br />

1JD


2PDU 1DND QJRRQ VL +RZ LV WKH HYHQLQJ"<br />

0RRGX 1JRRQ VDDQJL IL UHN 7KH HYHQLQJ LV KHUH RQO\<br />

7KH HYHQLQJ LV ILQH<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR XVH WKH QLJKW JUHHWLQJV E\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV<br />

1LJKW *UHHWLQJV 1X\RR *XGGL<br />

2PDU 1DND JXGGL JL +RZ LV WKH QLJKW"<br />

0RRGX *XGGL JDDQJL IL UHN 7KH QLJKW LV KHUH RQO\<br />

7KH QLJKW LV ILQH<br />

75$16)250$7,21<br />

4XHVWLRQV $QVZHUV<br />

1RR IDQDDQHH -DDPD UHN<br />

1RR HQGRR -DDPD UHN<br />

1RR QJRRQD OHH 1LL UHN RU FL MDDPD<br />

1X JXGGL JL GHPHH 1LL UHN<br />

'ULOOV WR EH XVHG LQ WKHVH GLDORJXHV DUH<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH PLPLFU\ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

6LPXOWDQHRXV GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

*5$00$5<br />

1RR +RZ WKH TXHVWLRQ ZRUG QDND PHDQLQJ KRZ LV IXVHG ZLWK QJD WKH<br />

QG VLQJXODU REMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

1X +RZ DOVR LV D VODQJ ZRUG IRU QDND DQG LV XVHG LQ IXQFWLRQDO ODQJXDJH<br />

/($9( 7$.,1*<br />

*2$/<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR XVH OHDYH WDNLQJ DW WKH GLIIHUHQW DSSURSULDWH WLPHV E\ WKH<br />

HQG RI HDFK OHVVRQ<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR PDNH WKH GD\ WLPH OHDYH WDNLQJ E\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

'D\ 7LPH /HDYH 7DNLQJ 7DDJRR %HFsN<br />

2PDU 0DQJHH xLEL , DP JRLQJ KRPH<br />

0RRGX %D[ QD xX HQGRR MDDPD 2ND\ OHW V VSHQG WKH GD\ LQ<br />

SHDFH<br />

2PDU -DDPD DN MDDPD 3HDFH DQG SHDFH<br />

0RRGX 1JD QX\XO PD VHHQ ZDD NsU


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

(YHQLQJ $QG 1LJKW /HDYH 7DNLQJ 7DDJRR 1JRRQ $N *XGGL<br />

2PDU 0DQJHH xLEL , DP JRLQJ KRPH<br />

0RRGX %D[ QD EH HOpN 2ND\ WLOO WRPRUURZ<br />

2PDU fX IDDQDQ DN MDDPD /HW XV VSHQG WKH QLJKW LQ SHDFH<br />

0RRGX -DDPD DN MDDPD 3HDFH DQG SHDFH<br />

0RRGX 1JD QX\XO PD VHHQ ZDD NsU


75$16)250$7,21<br />

4XHVWLRQV $QVZHUV<br />

1DND QJD WXGGD" 0RRGX ODD WXGGD<br />

1DQJD WXGGD" 0DDQJL WXGGD 0RRGX<br />

1RR WXGGD"<br />

7XU ZL"<br />

1DND QJD VDQWD" 1MDD\ ODD VDQWD<br />

1DQJD VDQWD" 0DDQJL VDQWD 1MDD\<br />

1RR VDQWD" 1MDD\<br />

6DQWD ZL" 1MDD\ OD<br />

)DQ QJD MRJpH"%DQMXO ODD MRJpH<br />

)RR MRJpH" %DQMXO ODD MRJpH<br />

0ERNNL IDQ" 0ERNNL %DQMXO<br />

:DD IDQ QJD" :DD %DQMXO ODD<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

1RXQV<br />

%sFsJ EL $IWHUQRRQ 'DUD 1RWKLQJ VRPHWKLQJ<br />

'pHGpHW 1R )D 7KHUH<br />

*XGGL 1LJKW -DDPD 3HDFH<br />

.sU &RPSRXQG 0EDD +RSH<br />

0ERNNL 5HODWLYH RI 6DQWD 6XUQDPH ODVW QDPH<br />

6L 7KH LQ 6XEED VL 0RUQLQJ<br />

7XGGD 1DPHG 7LXU ZL 1DPH<br />

:DD ,QKDELWDQWV


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

%DD\ )DWKHU<br />

0DJ PDJ EX JyRU ROGHU EURWKHU<br />

5DNND EX JyRU


)XNND DN MXUyRP 1DDU )XNND<br />

fDDU IXNND DN EHQQD fDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP EHQQD<br />

fDDU IXNND DN xDDU fDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP xDDU<br />

fDDU IXNND DN xHWWD fDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP xHWWD<br />

fDDU IXNND DN xHQHQW fDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP xHQHQW<br />

fDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP fHWWD IXNND IDQZHHU<br />

)$1:((5 7KLV LV IRUPHG E\ WKH ZRUG IDQ ZKLFK PHDQV GD\ DQG ZHHU ZKLFK<br />

PHDQV PRQWK WKH QXPEHU RI WKH GD\ LQ D PRQWK<br />

fHWWD IXNND DN EHQQD RU )DQZHHU DN EHQQD LV<br />

fHQHQW IXNND 7HHPpHU<br />

-XUyRP IXNND 7HHPpHU DN EHQQD<br />

-XUyRP EHQQD IXNND 7HHPpHU DN xDDU IXNND DN MXUyRP<br />

-XUyRP xDDU IXNND 1DDU WHHPpHU<br />

-XUyRP xHWWD IXNND -XUyRP xHQHQW WpHPpHU<br />

-XUyRP xHQHQW IXNND -XQQp<br />

'5,//6<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

6LPXOWDQHRXV SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

3URQRXQFLDWLRQ GULOO<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ GULOO<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

*5$00$5<br />

, ,W LV D UHODWLRQVKLS PDUNHU ZKLFK LV XVHG WR H[SUHVV WKH DPRXQW RU QXPEHU RI VRPH<br />

PHDVXUDEOH RU FRXQWDEOH VXEVWDQFH RU PDWHULDO 7KH H[DPSOHV EHORZ DUH PDGH ZLWK TXDQWLW\ D<br />

FRQWDLQHU<br />

(;$03/(6<br />

7KHVH DUH WKUHH ERRNV


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

, KDYH WKLUW\ ILYH SODQWV $P QDD xHWWD IXNND DN MXUyRPL QML\HHI<br />

(;(5&,6(<br />

75$16/$7( 7+( )2//2:,1* 72 (1*/,6+<br />

7H\ MsQGD QDD xHWWD PEXEED<br />

6XPD 3DSD DP QD MXUyRP xHWWL IXNNL DW<br />

+DGL MR[ QD PD IXNNL WDDWL OLPR<br />

'LQDD Ep\ xHQHQWL pNNL PDDOR UsQ<br />

%HQQD QpHJL xD[ OD %LOOL VDPSD<br />

'DPD ZDUD DP QGDMH DN WpHPpHUL MLJpHQ<br />

$'',7,21 %22/(<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR DGG XS ILJXUHV E\ WKH HQG RI WKH OHVVRQ<br />

6RR ERROHH DN GLQD WRROX FL<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG LW ZLOO HTXDO<br />

6RR ERROHH DN GLQJD DP<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG \RX KDYH<br />

6RR ERROH DN GLQD QHNND<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG LW ZLOO EH<br />

48(67,216<br />

6RR ERROHH DN xDDWD ODD WRROX"<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG KRZ PXFK ZLOO LW HTXDO WR"<br />

6RR ERROHH DN xDDWD OD ZDUD QHNND"<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG KRZ PXFK VKRXOG LW EH"<br />

6RR ERROHH DN xDDWD QJDD DP"<br />

,I \RX DGG DQG KRZ PXFK ZLOO \RX KDYH"<br />

(;(5&,6(<br />

7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK DQG $QVZHU LW LQ :RORI<br />

6RR ERROHH MXUyRP xHQHQW DN IXNND DN MXUyRP xDDWD OD"<br />

6RR ERROHH IDQZHHU DN xDDU IXNND DN xHWWD xDDWD OD"<br />

6RR ERROHH xHQHQW IXNNL [DOH DN MXUyRPL [DOH xDDWD [DOH QJD ZDUD DP"<br />

6RR ERROHH xHWWL WDDWL VRUDDQV DN MXUyRP xDDU IXNNL WDDWL VRUDDQV GLQJD DP xDDWD WDDWL<br />

VRUDDQV"<br />

6RR ERROHH xHWWD IXNND DN QHWWD DN xHQHQW IXNND DN MXURyP xHQHQW xDDWD QJDD\ DP"<br />

68%75$&7,21 *e(1e( :$$1(( 68%75$&7<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR VXEWUDFW E\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV<br />

6RR JpHQpH xDDU FL IXNND GLQD GHV MXUyRP QHWWD<br />

,I \RX VXEWUDFW WZR IURP WHQ LW ZLOO UHPDLQ HLJKW<br />

6RR ZDDxHH MXUyRP EHQQD FL IXNND DN MXUyRP xHQHQW IXNND DN QHWWDD\ GHV<br />

,I \RX VXEWUDFW VL[ LQ QLQHWHHQ WKLUWHHQ ZLOO UHPDLQ


48(67,216<br />

6RR JpHQpH FL xDDWDD\ GpV"<br />

,I \RX VXEWUDFW LQWR KRZ ZLOO UHPDLQ"<br />

6RR ZDDxHH WRRJX FL WRRJX xDDWD PRR ZDUD GpV"<br />

,I \RX VXEWUDFW FKDLUV LQWR FKDLUV KRZ PXFK VKRXOG UHPDLQ"<br />

(;(5&,6(<br />

7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK DQG $QVZHU LQ :RORI<br />

6RR ZDDQpH MXUyRP FL xHQHQW IXNND xDDWDD\ GpV"<br />

6RR ZDDQpH FL xDDWD PRR\ GpV"<br />

6RR JpHQpH FL xDDWDD\ GpV"<br />

6RR ZDDQpH FL xDDWDD\ ZDUD GpV"<br />

6RR JpHQpH FL xDDWDD\ GpV"<br />

6RR ZDDQpH WDDWL JX\DDE FL WDDWL JX\DDE xDDWD PRR\ GpV"<br />

'5,//6<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO F\FOHV<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

%RROH $GG<br />

:DDxL 7R UHGXFH WR FXW GRZQ WKH SULFH<br />

*pHQpH 7R WDNH DZD\ WR VXEWUDFW<br />

'pV 7R UHPDLQ<br />

*X\DDE *XDYD<br />

&855(1&< ;$$/,6<br />

2%-(&7,9(<br />

7R IDPLOLDUL]H OHDUQHUV ZLWK WKH ORFDO FXUUHQF\ DQG WR XVH LW E\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV<br />

%XUp\ EXWXWV 7DQND DN xDDUL NRSDU EXWXWV<br />

fDDUL NRSDU EXWXWV 7DQND DJ xHWWDD EXWXWV<br />

fHWWDD fHWWL NRSDU EXWXWV 7DQND DJ xHQHQWL NRSDU EXWXWV<br />

fHQHQW NRSDU EXWXWV 7DQND DJ MXUyRPL NRSDU EXWXWV<br />

-XUyRPL NRSDU EXWXWV 7DUDQVX EXWXWV<br />

7DQND EXWXWV 7XODDULEDU *HQDZDDOD EXWXWV<br />

7DQND DN EXUp\ EXWXWV fHWWL WDUDQVX EXWXWV<br />

'sUsP ' 'DODVL RU '<br />

fDDUL GsUsP '<br />

fHWWL GsUsP '<br />

fHQHQWL GsUsP '<br />

-XUyRPL GsUsP '<br />

)XNNL GsUsP '<br />

)XNND DN MXUyRPL GsUsP '<br />

fDDU IXNNL GsUsP '<br />

)DQZHHUL GsUsP '<br />

-XUyRPL IXNNL GsUsP '<br />

7pHPHpUL GsUsP '<br />

-XUyRPL WpHPpHUL GsUsP '<br />

-XUyRPL xHQHQWL WpHPpHUL GsUsP '<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong>


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

-XQQp QMXQQp GsUsP '<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

7UDQVODWH WR :RORI<br />

EXWXWV E E E E<br />

' E ' E ' E ' E ' E ' E<br />

' ' ' ' ' '<br />

' ' ' '<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

7UDQVODWH WKH IROORZLQJ LQ WR (QJOLVK<br />

7DQND DN xHQHQW NRSDU<br />

fDDUL MXUyRPL NRSDU<br />

7DUDQVX DN xHWWDD<br />

7XODDULEDU DN WDQND DN EXUp\<br />

fHWWL WDUDQVX DN MXUyRP xHQHQW NRSDU<br />

'sUsP DN WXODDULEDU WXODDOLEDU<br />

fHWWL GsUsP DN xHWWL WDUDQVX<br />

-XUyRP QDDUL GsUsP<br />

-XUyRP xHQHQW IXNNL GsUsP DN MXUyRP xHWWD DN WDQND<br />

'5,//6 )25 7($&+,1* &855(1&<<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

3URQRXQFLDWLRQ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

0$5.(7 6+233,1* 1'8*80 0$56(<br />

2%-(&7,9(6<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR DVN IRU WKH SULFH RI LWHPV DQG EDUJLQ E\ WKH HQG RI WKH OHVVRQ<br />

/HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR DVN IRU WKHLU FKDQJH DQG OHDYH WDNH E\ WKH HQG RI WKH GLDORJXH LQ WKH FODVV<br />

6LHUUD .LOL\DDQ MDDPD QJDDP<br />

'R \RX KDYH SHDFH FOLHQW"<br />

0ED\ -DDPD UHN NLOL\DDQ ORR EXJJD"<br />

3HDFH RQO\ FOLHQW ZKDW GR \RX ZDQW"<br />

6LHUUD /LxR DN SRPSLWHHU ODD EXJJD NLOR xDDWD OD"<br />

, ZDQW RQLRQV DQG SRWDWRHV NLOR LV KRZ PXFK"<br />

0ED\ .LOR OLxR DN SRPSLWHHU xHWWL GsUsP DN WXODDULEDU OHxX<br />

2QLRQV DQG SRWDWRHV NLOR LV WKUHH GDODVLV ILIW\ EXWXWV HDFK<br />

6LHUUD .RQ MDD\ PD xHWWL NLOR OLxR DN xHQHQWL NLOR SRPSLWHHU EH SDUH QJD ZR[ ZD[ PD<br />

\pS xDDWD OD<br />

7KHQ VHOO PH WKUHH NLORV RI RQLRQV DQG IRXU NLORV RI SRWDWRHV DQG WKHQ \RX WHOO PH DOO<br />

LV KRZ PXFK<br />

0ED\


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

9RFDEXODU\ 7UDQVODWLRQ<br />

%DWDQVH *DUGHQ HJJ<br />

'DDOD 6KRHV<br />

'DUDE %HG VSUHDG<br />

-D[DWX %LWWHU WRPDWRHV<br />

-LPERR PDML 0DJJL FXEHV<br />

.DDQL EX VHZ 3HSSHU VPDOO<br />

.DDQL EX GLMD %LJ SHSSHU<br />

.DQMD 2NUD<br />

/DDM *DUOLF<br />

/LxRØ 2QLRQV<br />

0DNDUyRQL 0DFDURQL<br />

0EXEED 'UHVV VKLUW<br />

fHHEH %HDQV<br />

3HUVL 3DUVOH\<br />

3RPSLWHHU 3RWDWR<br />

3RREDU %ODFN SHSSHU<br />

6DDEX 6RDS<br />

6XNXU 6XJDU<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

0DDP /DD\ 0DDOHHNXP VDODDP 2PDU JHM QDD ODD JLV WRURS IRR QHNNRRQ"<br />

3HDFH EH ZLWK \RX 2PDU , ORQJ WR VHH \RX YHU\ PXFK ZKHUH ZHUH \RX"<br />

2PDU 'DPD QHNND VL D\ WRSRWRR , DP LQ VRPH WUDQVDFWLRQ<br />

0DDP /DD\ 0RRWD[ PD JsM ODD JLV 7KDW V ZK\ , KDYHQ W VHHQ \RX IRU D ZKLOH<br />

2PDU 0DDP GDPD EXJJD WXNNL *UDQQ\ , ZDQW WR WUDYHO<br />

0DDP /DD\ )RR\ GHP PEDD GRR ID \DDJD<br />

:KHUH DUH \RX JRLQJ KRSH \RX ZLOO QRW VWD\ ORQJ<br />

2PDU $[DNDx MXUyRP EHQL DW ODD IDD DP GDPDD MDQJL<br />

2I FRXUVH , OO EH WKHUH IRU \HDUV , DP JRLQJ IRU VWXGLHV<br />

0DDP /DD\ :DD\ GLQJD PD ZHHWDO \DO QJD HHJD DN MDDPD WH QJD DP OLQJDD XWL<br />

%XW , ZLOO PLVV \RX PD\ *RG JXLGH \RX LQ \RXU HQGHDYRXUV<br />

2PDU -HUHMsI PDDP $PLQ 7KDQNV JUDQQ\ $PHQ<br />

6833/(0(17$5<<br />

$)7(51221 )$5(:(// 7$$*$722 %(&¶* %(&¶.<br />

6DDP 0DQJHH GHP GDPD \DDNDPWL , P JRLQJ , P LQ D KXUU\<br />

6LUD /RR\ \DDNDPWL WRRJDO WXXWL QX ZD[ QJHOD<br />

:KDW DUH \RX KXUU\LQJ IRU VLW IRU D ZKLOH OHWV WDON SOHDVH<br />

6DDP :DDW QDD GLQDD GHOOXVL HOsN , VZHDU , ZLOO UHWXUQ EDFN WRPRUURZ<br />

6LUD %DD[ QD GLQHxX JLVpH ,W V RND\ ZH ZLOO VHH WRPRUURZ<br />

6DDP 1X\XO PD VD MHNDU DN VD GyRP 6HQG P\ JUHHWLQJV WR \RXU KXVEDQG DQG<br />

FKLOG<br />

6LLUD 'LQHxX NR GpHJD 7KH\ ZLOO KHUH LW<br />

1,*+7 )$5(:(// 7$$*$722 *8'',<br />


92&$%8/$5<<br />

*LVHH 7R VHH HDFK RWKHU<br />

7pGGL 7R JR WR EHG<br />

*pPDQWX 7R EH VOHHS\<br />

;DDMDQJXW 1RW \HW KDOIZD\<br />

7HHO 7R EH HDUO\<br />

;DDUDO :DLW<br />

'DDO ([SUHVVLRQ RI FHUWDLQW\<br />

7DD\L 7R EH WLUHG<br />

7XNNL 7R WUDYHO<br />

1RSDOHNX 7R UHVW<br />

'5,//6<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

*OREDO H[SODLQDWLRQ GULOO<br />

3UH SURGXFWLRQ DQG HDUO\ SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ GULOO<br />

%DFNZDUG EXLOGXS GULOO<br />

*5$00$5<br />

1JD


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

0XVWDIDD :DDZ DP QDD NR QHxX GHP QJD VHHW<br />


<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

'DDM 1DLO 0EDDMD %ODQNHW<br />

6LPHQW &HPHQW $OPRRU &XSERDUG<br />

3RPSH 7DS 6DDNHW )HQFH<br />

7HHQ :HOO 1GDD 1GDDO -DU<br />

&DDEL .H\ )DWD 7R SDWFK<br />

.DUQDDW 3DGORFN 5DD[ 7R SODVWHU WR FHPHQW<br />

.RUVH /RFN 0DVWLN 0DVWLTXH<br />

6pOXXU /RFN )LULM 5HIULJHUDWRU<br />

/RQNX ODQND +RRN<br />

5(17,1* $ )22' %2:/ /8


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

,VQ W LW \RX ZKR SURPLVHG WR YLVLW DQG , GLG QRW VHH \RX<br />

.HHEDD fRZ QDD ID ZDD\ IHHNX PD OD ID<br />

, FDPH WKHUH EXW , GLG QRW PHHW \RX WKHUH<br />

6DWXXUX :D[ QJD GpJJD GXPD GHH WHHOD ZDFFD ZDD\ VDPGL ZDOOD GLPDDV GXPD\ GHP IHQ<br />

,W V WUXH , GRQ W ILQLVK ZRUN HDUO\ EXW VDWXUGD\ DQG VXQGD\ , GRQ W JR DQ\ZKHUH<br />

.HHEDD %DD[ QD GLQDD ID xRZ VDPGL EX\ xRZ ERRUL MXUyRPL ZR[WX<br />

$OULJKW , ZLOO FRPH WKHUH QH[W VDWXUGD\ DURXQG R FORFN<br />

6DWXXUX 'LQDD OD VpHQWX , OO ORRN IRUZDUG WR \RXU FRPLQJ<br />

75$16)250$7,21<br />

:DD\ ZDQWH 1LL UHN PDQJL ILL UHN<br />

:DFFD MHH[DO OLJHH\ xLEVL :D[ QJD GpJJD GpJJD OD<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

7pGGX ,VQ W LW


0XVX 6pHQWX PD JDQDZ WLPLV WXXWL<br />

([SHFW PH D OLWWOH DIWHU GXVN<br />

0XVWDIDD %DD[ QD $OULJKW<br />

68%67,787,21<br />

.RQ GLQDD VDQWDDQH


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

*DQDDU &KLFNHQ<br />


%DQ IDVRØ EDQ NDOLWH<br />

6X SDUH GLQJD EpJ NRQWDDQ<br />

'DPD EXJJD QJD xDZDO PD 7XEp\<br />

6LPLV<br />

0DULQpHU<br />

6LSD<br />

5RRED<br />

&DD\D<br />

&DD\D DZVD<br />

;DIWDDQ<br />

7XEp\ EX JXGGD<br />

0EXEED<br />

0DODDQ<br />

NDED<br />

%X PX %XP GDØ %X EDDW EL Us\<br />

\RORP WDQND \L [DW<br />

JDDWD QGLJJD OL EL RSSD<br />

JXGGD SRRV \L WXXWL<br />

UpHPED<br />

1JD MHOVL NR sOOsN FL QJRRQ<br />

ORQGL EX\ xRZ<br />

WH\ FL EsFsJ EHFsN<br />

JDQDZ sOOsN<br />

EpV EX DD\<br />

VRPHQ EX\ xRZ QLL<br />

EHV EX DD\ ELL VX GHOOXVHH<br />

'DPD EXJJD QJD xDZDO PD<br />

GRJDO<br />

ZDDxLO<br />

WLSLO<br />

RyPEDO<br />

HPDOHO<br />

WpMDO<br />

NXUVHO<br />

xDDPEDDVDO<br />

&20021 3+5$6(6 .$$'8 1$:/8<br />

8EL NR GDID [DW 2SHQ LW LW V WLJKW<br />

1D ILUpHNX FL ZHW \L /HW LW EH IUHH DW WKH VLGHV<br />

0DDV EX JXGGD ODD VR[OD , QHHG D ORQJ VOHHYH VKLUW<br />

'HIDO PDDV EX JDDWD 0DNH VKRUW VOHHYHV IRU PH<br />

1D HP EXPX RSSD OHW LW ILW OHW LW QRW EH RYHUVL]HG<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

0DDV OR[R B VOHHYH<br />

5pHPED B WR EH ORRVH<br />

7pM B WR FORVH<br />

8EL B WR RSHQ<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong>


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

'DJLW B EORXVH<br />

fDDPEDDV B WR OHQJWKHQ<br />

0DODDQ B VKDURQJ ZUDS DURXQG<br />

;DI B SLHFHV RI FORWK MRLQHG WRJHWKHU<br />

&DD\D B HQRUPRXV ORFDO SDQWV ZRUQ E\ DOO WULEHV H[FHSW 0DQMDJRHV DQG $NXV<br />

&DD\D DZVD GUDZ VWULQJ SDQWV 3HDFH FRUSV SDQWV<br />

0DULxHHU IHPDOH ORRVH ILWWLQJ EORXVH<br />

5RRED GUHVV<br />

:Rx WKUHDG<br />

3XUVD OR[R QHHGOH<br />

3XUVD PDVLQ PDFKLQH QHHGOH<br />

7XEp\ WURXVHU<br />

6LPLV VKLUW<br />

1JHQVR WDQJ WRS<br />

%LWRØ ERWRQ EXWWRQV<br />

*HQRJ PXVRRU KHDGWLH<br />

*DUDDQ PEXEED<br />

'sSSs KXJH WUDGLWLRQDO JRZQ IRU PHQ DQG ZRPDQ<br />

)RURN IURFN<br />

'DZPH HPEURLGHU\<br />

6LVR VFLVVRUV<br />

5DV JDWKHUV<br />

%RURRV UXQQLQJ VWLFKHV<br />

'XEOXXU XQGHUOLQLQJ<br />

0EXXVH ORRVHG<br />

'pQD FKHVW<br />

5p\ ELJ<br />

;DW WLJKW<br />


(;(5&,6(<br />

1HJDWH WKH IROORZLQJ<br />

DP QDD PEXXUX PXQJHH EDOH QpHJDP<br />

GDID IHHEDU GpHPED OHHND QHxX EH VXXU<br />

JDDxX QJD EX EDD[<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

%2'< 3$576 $1' +($/7+ 7(506<br />

2%-(&7,9(6<br />

%\ WKH HQG RI WKH FODVV OHDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR QDPH DWOHDVW WHQ RW WKHLU ERG\ SDUWV 7KH\ ZLOO DOVR EH<br />

DEOH WR H[SODLQ WKHLU KHDOWK FRQGLWLRQV<br />

7DQND OHJ %DDUDDPL OR[R ILQJHU<br />

/R[R KDQG 7HHSD[ SHOYLF<br />

1RSSD HDU 3R[RWDDQ DUPSLW<br />

6LNLP FKLQ &RQFR HOERZ<br />

%DNHQ QRVH


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

6LUD $PLQ MHUHMHI $PHQ WKDQNV<br />

75$16)250$7,21<br />

/X ODD PpHWL OX OD MRW OX OD GDO"<br />

68%7,787,21<br />

6XPD WDQND EH\ PHHWL<br />

ELLU<br />

ERSSD<br />

GHQD<br />

GLJL JDQDZ<br />

QRSSD<br />

ERx<br />

QD[D<br />

\DUDP<br />

'DID DP ELLU EX GRZ<br />

VH[DW<br />

ELLUL WHxH<br />

QMDPEDWDDQ<br />

SR\LLV<br />

ØDV<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

PpHWL WR SDLQ WR KXUW JDDxX WR EH KXUW<br />

VRFF WR KDYH D IOX RU FROG WDQVL\RØ KLJK EORRG SUHVVXUH<br />

IR[RM VSUDLQ GLVORFDWLRQ Up[D VSUDLQ<br />

DDSROR ZDDQHW FRQMXQWLYLWLV WDDS ERLO<br />

MXPEXM D ERLO RQ WKH H\H OLG [RMRJRRQH KXQFK EDFN<br />

ZDJJD VFDELHV VLELWX VLELUX IHYHU PDODULD<br />

ELLU EX\ GRZ GLDUUKHD ELLUL WHxH G\VHQWHU\<br />

VH[DW FRXJK QMDPEDWDDQ ZKRRSLQJ FRXJK<br />

SR\LLV MDXQGLFH ØDV PHDVOHV<br />

ERSSD EX\ PpHWL KHDGDFKH Ws[ GHDI<br />

ELLU EX\ PpHWL VWRPDFKDFKH OXX PXPX GXPE<br />

JXPER EOLQG SHUVRQ GRI NDQDVX FUD]\<br />

QJDDQD OHSURV\ MRW GDO UHDFK<br />

xDDND GHUHW DQDHPLF<br />

*5$00(5<br />

\DQJL \RX DUH QG SHUVRQ VLQJ ORFDWLYH GHWHUPLQDQWV<br />

OX ODQ PRR ZKDW<br />

GDPD , VW SHUVRQ VLQJ YHUE SUHGLFDWRU<br />

ODD \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ REMHFW SURQRXQ YDULDQW D<br />

VXPD P\ VW SHUVRQ VLQJ SRVVHVVLYH DGMHFWLYH<br />

QDD , VW SHUVRQ FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU<br />

QJD \RX QG SHUVRQ FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU


&203/,0(176<br />

2EMHFWLYH<br />

OHDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR JLYH DQG UHFHLYH FRPSOLPHQWV E\ WKH HQG RI WKH OHVVRQ<br />

0XVX 1DQJD GHI" 'DPD OD VRRSD<br />

+RZ DUH \RX" , OLNH \RX"<br />

'LL\HH 0DQJL IL ZDD\ PDD OD UDZ<br />

, DP ILQH EXW , VXUSDVVHG \RX OLNH \RX PRUH<br />

0XVD )RR GHNND"<br />

:KHUH GR \RX OLYH"<br />

'LL\HH %XQGXØ ODD GHNND<br />

, OLYH LQ %XQGXQJ<br />

0XVD 'LQDD OD VHWVL<br />

, ZLOO YLVLW \RX<br />

'LL\HH %DD[QD GLQDD OD VpHQWX<br />

$OULJKW , ZLOO H[SHFW \RX<br />

&20021 3+5$6(6 $1' 5(63216(6<br />

/DOQDD FL FDQFLWH JL /DOL QDD<br />

, OLNH WKH ZD\ \RX GUHVV , ZHOFRPH \RXU VDWLVIDFWLRQ<br />

0DDQJL FL VL VD PEXEED EL


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

\HO QD OD \DDOD VXWXUDO WH PH\ OD QMDERRW JXEDUL WH EDUNH<br />

0D\ *RG VHFXUH \RX D ORQJ PDUULDJH DQG JLYH \RX D ODUJH DQG EOHVVHG IDPLO\<br />


'5,//6<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ GULOO<br />

%DFN ZDUG EXLOG XS GULOO<br />

*5$00$5<br />

OD \RX REMHFW SURQ QG SHUVRQ VLQJ<br />

PDQJL KHUH , DP VW SHUVRQ VLQJ ORFDWLRQ GHWHUPLQDQWV<br />

VD \RXU QG SHUVRQ VLQJ SRVVHVLYH DGM<br />

EL WKH GHILQLWH DUWLFOH<br />

ELL WKLV RQH GHPRQVWUDWLYH DGM<br />

PDD , VW SHUVRQ VLQJ VXEMHFW HPS<br />

QJD \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ REM HPSKDVLV<br />

\DQJL \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ ORFDWLRQ GHWHUPLQDQW<br />

QDD , VW SHUVRQ VLQJ FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU<br />

QJD \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU<br />

VX LI KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ FRQGLWLRQDO LI<br />

VRR LI \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ FRQGLWLRQDO LI<br />

WH DQG<br />

VHHQ \RXU QG UG SHUVRQ SOXUDO SRVVHVVLYH DGM<br />

NR KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ REMHFW SURQRXQ<br />

xX ZH VW SHUVRQ SOXUDO REMHFW SURQRXQ<br />

&8/785$/ 127(6<br />

35,9$&< $1' %(,1* 6,&.<br />

3HRSOH H[SUHVV WKHLU V\PSDWK\ WR VLFN SHRSOH E\ YLVLWLQJ WKHP<br />

7KH SDWLHQW IHHOV YHU\ JUDWHIXO LI VRPH WLPH LV VSHQW ZLWK KLP KHU DW<br />

OHDVW IRU RQH KRXU RU PRUH 7KH VLFN SHUVRQ LV QRW DOZD\V OHIW DORQH WR<br />

VOHHS RU UHVW IRU D ZKROH GD\ WKHUH ZLOO EH SHRSOH FRPPLQJ LQ DQG RXW XQWLO<br />

QLJKW IDOOV VR \RX ZRXOG ILQG RXW WKDW WKH QDWLRQ RI SULYDF\ DV NQRZQ LQ WKH<br />

VWDWHV GRHV QRW H[LVW KHUH<br />

:KHQ YLVLWLQJ D VLFN SHUVRQ LQ WKH XUEDQ DUHD \RX DUH H[SHFWHG WR WDNH DORQJ IUXLWV<br />

PRQH\ RU IRRG<br />

,Q 7KH *DPELD SHRSOH DUH RQO\ DGPLWWHG DW ELJ KRVSLWDO DQG %DVVH KRVSLWDO<br />

DQG 0DQVDNRQNR KRVSLWDO DQG )DUDIHQL KRVSLWDO IRU DOO RWKHU LOOQHVVHV<br />

7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO KHDOWK FHQWUHV DQG FOLQLFV DURXQG WKH XUEDQ UXUDO DUHDV IRU<br />

WUHDWLQJ PLQRU LOOQHVVHV DQG GHOLYHULHV 3UHVHQWO\ WKH PHGLFDO DQG +HDOWK<br />

'HSDUWPHQWV KDV UHOHDVHG D ODZ WKDW SDWLHQWV VKRXOG EH JLYHQ WLPH WR UHVW DQG<br />

EH DORQH IRU D ZKLOH VR D UHVXOW RI WKDW YLVLWLQJ KRXUV LQ ELJ KRVSLWDOV LV S P<br />

WR S P HYHU\ GD\ H[FHSW 6XQGD\ ZKLFK LV S P WR S P 3HRSOH GRQ W YLVLW VLFN<br />

SHRSOH DW QLJKW<br />

68%67,787,21<br />

'DPD OHHQ EXJJD [DPDO QL QX\ GHIDUHH<br />

ZRQ URRVH VXX[ QML\pHI<br />

MDQJDO MD[DVH PEDOLW<br />

MsPEDWH JDUDE<br />

OL PXQ QD JHMHIDO<br />

WRR\DO<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong>


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

ZRZDO<br />

QRR\DO<br />

GXQGDO<br />

&8/785$/ 127(6<br />

,W LV EHVW WR KHOG RU RUJDQLVH PHHWLQJV ZLWK YLOODJHUV RQ WKHLU RII GD\V ZKLFK \RX KDYH WR ILQH RXW<br />

IURP WKHP 6SHHFK PXVW EH VPRRWK DQG VLPSOH 7U\ WR JHW WKH SHRSOH WHQGHU ELJ WUHHV WR JHW VKDGH<br />

0DNH VXUH \RX LQYROYH WKHP LQ WKH DFWLYLWLHV<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

WHHZ WR EH SUHVHQW PEsJWH SOHDVXUH<br />

X\X UHVSRQG [DPDO WR PDNH NQRZQ WR QRWLI\<br />

GDMDOH WR FROOHFW WR JDWKHU [DP WR NQRZ<br />

ROEDWL WR WXUQ WDPEDOL WR VWDUW<br />

MD[DVH WR PL[ MLL\HH SODQW ZLWK<br />

ODMWH WR DVN WRR\ WR EH ZHW<br />

JHMHI WR VRIWHQ E\ VRDNLQJ QRE WR URW<br />

ZD[WDDQ FKDW<br />

'5,//6<br />

:KROH WH[W OLVWHQLQJ GULOO<br />

6HQWHQFH SURGXFWLRQ GULOO<br />

*OREDO H[SODQDWLRQ GLDORJXH GULOO<br />

8WWHUDQFH UHVSRQVH GULOO<br />

*5$00(5<br />

\pHQ \RX QG SHUVRQ SOXUDO LQGHSHQGHQW SURQ<br />

PDQJL , VW SHUVRQ VLQJ ORFDWLRQ GHWHUPLQDQWV<br />

OHHQ LPSHUDWLYH SOXUDO H J GHP OHHQ<br />

VHHQ \RXU QG UG SHUVRQ SOXUDO SRVVHVVLYH DGM<br />

PD PH VW SHUVRQ VLQJ REMHFW SURQRXQ<br />

QJHHQ \RX QG SHUVRQ SOXUDO VXEMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

QX ZH WKH\ VW UG SHUVRQ VXEMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

GDPD , VW SHUVRQ VLQJ YHUE SUHGLFDWLRU<br />

GDQJDD\ \RX QG SHUVRQ VLQJ YHUE SUHGLFDWRU YDULDO <<br />

QJD \RX QG SHUVRQ GLQJ VXEMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

NR KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ REMHFW SURQRXQ<br />

PX KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ VXEMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

VX LI KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ FRQGLWLRQDO LI<br />

QD KH VKH LW UG SHUVRQ VLQJ FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU<br />

OHxX ZH WKH\ VW UG SHUVRQ SOXUDO REMHFW HPSKDVLV<br />

92&$%8/$5<<br />

MXW MXU DQLPDO VKHHS JRDW FKLFNHQ DQG FDWWOH<br />

SXXS GHIDFDWLRQ VWRRO<br />

QD[ JUDVV [RE OHDYH<br />

SRW WLQ FDQ QD\LORQ SODVWLF Q\ORQ<br />

QGR[ ZDWHU EHUHE SODFH<br />

VLZR VL\R EXFNHW<br />

60$// &219(56$7,21 21 7+( :$< 72 7+( 1$$.22<br />

2%-(&7,9(6


HDUQHUV ZLOO EH DEOH WR GR LQIRUPDO FRQYHUVLRQ RQ WKH ZD\ WR WKH QDDNRR ZLWK WKH<br />

ZRPHQ RU \RXQJ FKLOGUHQ<br />

.DGLL -HUp QJHHQ MsI JDD\ \L 3UDLVH WR DOO RI \RX<br />

NLULVWLQ :DDZ JRRUD \pHQ *UHDW \RX DOO<br />

.DGLL


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

9RFDEXODU\<br />

VDQJX WR EDWK ERUH WR ZUHVWOH<br />

GRJ WR FXWIR WR SOD\<br />

QRSSDOHNX WR UHVW JDV WR GLJ<br />

([HUFLVH ,' 7UDQVODWH<br />

VDQJXNDD\ OD GRJXNDD\ OD<br />

QRSDOHNXNDD\ OD ERUH XNDD\ ERUHNDD\<br />

IR XNDD\ OHQX IRXNDD\ JDVXNDD\ OHQX<br />

1RWH WKDW WKH ZRUG LQ SDUDQWKHVHV DUH DFWXDOO\ ZKDW SHRSOH VD\<br />

7KH 1HJDWLYH IRUP '8<br />

7KH FKDUW EHORZ JLYHV WKH GLIIHUHQW IRUPV RI WKH SDUWLFOH '8 7KH SDUWLFOH FDQ KDYH WKH PHDQLQJ RI<br />

LV QRW ZKHQ LW LV IROORZHG E\ D QRXQ<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ 'XPD 'XxX 'Xx<br />

QG 3HUVRQ 'RR 'X QJD 'XQJHHQ 'RROHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ 'X 'XxX 'Xx<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

'XPD ZDD *DPJL\D , DP QRW D *DPELDQ<br />

'RR :RORI


'HPRQVWUDWLYH $GMHFWLYHV<br />

/LL WKLV WKLQJ )LL WKLV SODFH NLL WKLV SHUVRQ<br />

%LL 7KLV RQH WKLV XVHG ZKHQ RQH ZDQWV WR EH VSHFLILF DERXW<br />

WKH DUWLFOH RI UHIHUHQFH<br />

/HOH ODOH WKDW WKLQJ )HOH IDOH WKDW SODFH WKHUH<br />

.HOH NDOH WKDW SHUVRQ %HOH EDOH WKDW RQH<br />

4XHVWLRQV :RUGV<br />

/DQ ZKDW )DQ ZKHUH<br />

.DQ ZKR %DQ ZKLFK<br />

/LL ODQ OD" /LL VLLV OD /DOH ODQ OD" /DOH RSSXNDD\ OD<br />

7KLV ZKDW LV" 7KLV FKDLU LV 7KDW WKLQJ LV ZKDW" 7KDW WKLQJ LV D IDQ<br />

ZKDW LV WKLV" WKLV D FKDLU<br />

)DOH IDQ OD" )DOH ORSLWDDQ OD 7KHUH LV ZKHUH" 7KDW SODFH LV D KRVSLWDO<br />

)LL IDQ OD" )LL %DQMXO OD +HUH LV ZKHUH" 7KLV LV %DQMXO<br />

.DOH NDQ OD" .DOH EH\NDDW OD :KR LV WKDW SHUVRQ" 7KDW SHUVRQ LV D IDUPHU<br />

.LL NDQ OD" .LL )DDWX OD 7KLV ZKR LV" 7KLV )DDWX LV<br />

%DOH EDQ OD" %DOH ODPSDOD :KLFK RQH LV WKLV" 7KDW RQH LV D ODPS<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ 3RVLWLYH 'HVFULSWLRQ<br />

/LL /DQ /D" )LL )DQ /D"<br />

/LL VLLV OD ILL OLJpH\XNDD\ OD<br />

WXEH\ GHQFXNDD\<br />

PRQWDU ORSLWDDQ<br />

GDDOD MDQJXNDD\<br />

QpHJ PDDUVH<br />

ZDDx ZRQDJ ZDQDN<br />

VDDNXV NsU<br />

.LL .DQ /D"<br />

.LL MDQJDOHNDW OD<br />

OLJpH\NDW<br />

WRRJDNDW<br />

MDD\NDW<br />

MDQJDNDW<br />

6XEVWLWXWLRQ 1HJDWLYH 'HVFULSWLRQ<br />

/LL GX VLLV )LL GX OLJpH\XNDD\<br />

WXEp\ GHQFXNDD\<br />

PRQWDU ORSLWDDQ<br />

GDDOD MDQJXNDD\<br />

QpHJ PDDUVH<br />

ZDDx ZRQDJ<br />

.LL GX MDQJDOHNDW<br />

OLJpH\NDW<br />

WRRJDNDW<br />

MDD\NDW<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong>


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

MDQJDNDW<br />

MDQGDNDW<br />

7KH ,QGHSHQGHQW 6XEMHFW 3URQRXQV<br />

7KH ,QGHSHQGHQW 6XEMHFW 3URQRXQV DUH JUDPPDWLFDOO\ LQGHSHQGHQW RI QRXQV DQG YHUEV 6LQFH LW LV<br />

QRW QHFHVVDU\ IRU ,QGHSHQGHQW 6XEMHFW 3URQRXQV WR EH WLHG WR D YHUE RU QRXQ WKH\ DUH WKH RQHV<br />

ZKLFK DUH XVHG WR IRUP RQH ZRUG FRQVWUXFWLRQ XVXDOO\ TXHVWLRQV RU DQVZHUV WR TXHVWLRQV LQ ZKLFK<br />

WKH SURQRXQV VWDQGV DORQH ,W VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW WKH ,QGHSHQGHQW VXEMHFW SURQRXQV FDQ EH XVHG LQ<br />

WKLV ZD\ UHJDUGOHVV RI ZKHWKHU WKH FRQWH[W LPSOLHV D VXEMHFW RU REMHFW JUDPPDWLFDO IXQFWLRQV )RU<br />

LQVWDQFH NDQ OD" ZKR LV LW 0DQ , 7KH\ DUH DOVR XVHG ZLWK SUHSRVLWLRQV OLNH DJ DQG FL LQ DW HWF<br />

EH WR XS WR XQWLO QJLU EHFDXVH RI DQG SXU IRU )LQDOO\ WKH ,QGHSHQGHQW 6XEMHFW 3URQRXV DUH<br />

XVHG IRU HPSKDVLV RU WR FODULI\ WKH SHUVRQ UHIHUHQFH RI FHUWDLQ SURQRXQV<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ 0DQ fXQ<br />

QG 3HUVRQ


FKDSWHUV<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

([HUFLVH<br />

3XW WKH IROORZLQJ YRFDEXODU\ LQWR VHQWHQFHV XVLQJ ,QGHSHQGHQW SURQRXQ DQG WKH REMHFW SUHGLFDWRU<br />

([DPSOH<br />

PELQGDDQ PDLG PRRP PELQGDDQ OD VKH LV D PDLG<br />

MDQJDOHNDW WHDFKHU PDQ MDQJDOHNDW ODD , DP D WHDFKHU<br />

'LPEDOHNDW KHOSHU DVVLVWDQW )DMNDW FXUHU GRFWRU<br />

0DVRØ PDVRQ 0LQLVH FDUSHQWHU<br />

:RQHNDW H[KLELWRU 1DZNDW WDLORU<br />

8XGH OHDWKHU ZRUNHU<br />

'HILQLWH ,QGHILQLWH $UWLFOHV<br />

'HILQLWH $UWLFOH<br />

$ :RORI QRXQ RIWHQ RFFXUV ZLWK D VSHFLDO ZRUG ZKLFK ZLOO FDOOHG QRXQ GHWHUPLQHU 7KH GHWHUPLQHU<br />

DUWLFOH LV XVHG IRU VSHFLILFLW\ 7KLV PHDQLQJ FRUUHVSRQGV QRW H[DFWO\ EXW IDLUO\ FORVH WR WKH DUWLFOH<br />

7KH<br />

7KH VHFRQG PHDQLQJ RI WKH ZRORI GHWHUPLQHU LV WKDW VSDWLDO UHODWLRQ WR WKH VSHDNHU 2QH IRUP RI WKH<br />

DUWLFOH LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH UHIHUHQFH LV UHPRWH 7KLV LV LQGLFDWHG E\ L IRU SUR[LPLW\ DQG D IRU<br />

UHPRWHQHVV<br />

7KHUH DUH HLJKW VLQJXODU GHILQLWH DUWLFOHV LQ :RORI DQG WZR SOXUDO DUWLFOHV :RORI QRXQV DUH GLYLGHG<br />

LQWR HLJKW GLIIHUHQW FODVVHV E\ WKH NLQG RI VLQJXODU DUWLFOH WKH\ WDNH ,Q JHQHUDO HDFK ZRORI QRXQ<br />

EHORQJV WR RQH FODVV 1RXQV RI WKH EL FODVV DUH E\ IDU WKH PRVW FRPPRQ DQG DOO ERUURZLQJV IURP<br />

RWKHU ODQJXDJHV DUH LQFRUSRUDWHG LQWR LW )XUWKHU PRUH WKHUH LV D PDUNHG WHQGHQF\ IRU QRXQV ZKLFK<br />

ZHUH RUJLQDOO\ RI RWKHU FODVVHV WR FRPH LQWR WKH EL FODVV ,I WKH DSSURSULDWH FODVV LV LQ GRXEW RU KDV<br />

EHHQ IRUJRWWHQ WKH XVH RI WKH EL FODVV LV WKH PRVW FRPPRQ DQG DFFHSWDEOH SUDFWLFH<br />

1RXQ 'HWHUPLQH 5HPRWHQHVV 3OXUDO 3OXUDO<br />

SUR[LPLW\ SUR[LPLW\ UHPRWHQHVV<br />

WRRJX EL ED \L \D<br />

VR[QD VL VD \L xL \D xD<br />

MLJJHQ ML MD \L xL \D xD<br />

PXXV PL PD \L \D<br />

QGHNNL OL OD \L \D<br />

JDUDE JL JD \L \D<br />

ZDDx ZL ZD \L \D<br />

QLW NL ND xL xD<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

0DQ MLJHHQ ML ODD ZD[ , WKH ZRPDQ , VDLG<br />

, VDLG WKH ZRPDQ<br />

)LL NsU JL OD +HUH LV WKH FRPSRXQG<br />

fXQ QLW QL OHxX JLV :H VDZ WKH SHRSOH<br />

/LL QGHNNL OL OD 7KLV LV WKH EUHDNIDVW<br />

)DOH ZDDx ZL OD 7KDW SODFH LV WKH NLWFKHQ<br />

%LL QGR[ PL OD 7KLV RQH LV WKH ZDWHU<br />

9RFDEXODU\<br />

1RXQV 9HUEV


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

NsU JL 7KH FRPSRXQG ZD[ WR VD\<br />

QGR[ PL 7KH ZDWHU JLV WR VHH<br />

2QO\ WKH QRXQ QLW SHUVRQ WDNHV NL DQG xL IRU WKH SOXUDO IRUP RWKHU QRXQV UHODWLQJ WR SHRSOH WDNH<br />

ERWK \L DQG xL IRU WKH SOXUDO IRUP<br />

'HILQLWH $UWLFOH :LWK &RPSOHPHQW<br />

7UDQVODWH<br />

WRRJX EL OD VR[QD VL OD MLJJHQ xL OHxX<br />

PXXV \D OHxX QGHNNL OL OD JDUDE \L OHxX<br />

ZDDx ZD OD QLW ND OD QGR[ PD OD<br />

7UDQVODWH<br />

,W LV QRW WKH FKDLU SUR[LPLW\<br />

6KH LV QRW WKH ODG\ UHPRWHQHVV<br />

,W LV QRW WKH FDWV UHPRWHQHVV<br />

,W LV QRW WKH NLWFKHQ SUR[LPLW\<br />

,W LV QRW WKH SHUVRQ UHPRWHQHVV<br />

7KH 3UHVHQWDWLYH DQJL<br />

7KH EDVLF IXQFWLRQ RI DQJL DQG LWV YDULDQWV LV WR SUHVHQW RU FDOO DWWHQWLRQ WR VRPHWKLQJ RU VRPHRQH<br />

H[LVWLQJ RU GRLQJ VRPHWKLQJ DW WKH WLPH RI VSHDNLQJ 7KH ILQDO YRZHO L LQ DQJL LQGLFDWH ZKDW LV<br />

UHIHUUHG WR LV FORVH DW KDQG ,I WKH SHUVRQ RU WKLQJ UHIHUUHG WR LV QRW FORVH DW WKH ILQDO YRZHO XVHG LV D<br />

DQG WKH IRUP RI WKH SUHVHQWDWLYH LV DQJD LQVWHDG DQJL KDV WKH (QJOLVK PHDQLQJ RI KHUH LV DQG DQJD<br />

WKHUH LV<br />

7KH SUHVHQWDWLYH DQJL FDQ EH DWWDFKHG GLUHFWO\ WR WKH QRXQ RU WKH GHILQLWH DUWLFOH DQG DOVR WR WKH<br />

,QGHSHQGHQW SURQRXQ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

WDDEXODQJL KHUH LV WDEOH WDEXOEDQJL KHUH LV WKH WDEOH<br />

VLLVDQJD WKHUH LV FKDLU VLLV EDQJD WKHUH LV WKH FKDLU<br />

PDDQJL KHUH , DP PXQJL KHUH KH VKH LW LV<br />

xXQJL KHUH ZH DUH \HHQDQJD WKHUH \RX SO DUH<br />

\DQJL KHUH \RX DUH xXQJD WKHUH WKH\ DUH<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

+HUH LV D PDQ 7KHUH LV D ZRPDQ<br />

7KHUH LV D WUHH +HUH LV WKH PDQ<br />

7KHUH LV WKH ZRPDQ 7KHUH LV WKH WUHH<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />

ZDDx ZDQJL PXXVDQJL<br />

QLW NDQJD QGHNNL ODQJL<br />

VR[QD VDQJL ZDDxDQJL<br />

MLJHHQ MDQJD JyRU JDQJD<br />

,QGHILQLWH $UWLFOHV<br />

,Q WKH VLQJXODU WKHUH DUH QR LQGHILQDWH DUWLFOHV OLNH D RU DQ LQ ZRORI DV WKHUH DUH LQ (QJOLVK ZRORI XVHV<br />

WKH QXPHULFDO EHQQD RQH RU DE %HQQD RU DE LV SODFHG EHIRUH WKH QRXQ ,Q WKH SOXUDO IRUPV D\ LV<br />

SODFHG EHIRUH WKH QRXQ


([DPSOHV<br />

DE WDDEXO OD ,W LV D WDEOH<br />

DE MDQJDOHNDW QJD


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

:KHQ WKH QRXQ PRGLILHG E\ D UHODWLYH SURQRXQ LQ GHWHUPLQHG WKH GHILQLWH DUWLFOH FRPHV DJ\HU WH<br />

SKUDVH UDWKHU WKDQ GLUHFWO\ DIWHU WKH QRXQ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

1RXQ 5HODWLYH 3URQRXQ 6WDWLYH 9HUE $UWLFOH<br />

1GHNNL/X 1HH[ /L<br />

%UHDNIDVW :KLFK 1LFH 7KH<br />

*DUDE *X *DDWD *L<br />

7UHH :KLFK 6KRUW 7KH<br />

1LW .X %DD[ .L<br />

3HUVRQ :KR *RRG 7KH<br />

3RVVHVVLYHV<br />

7KH :RORI SRVVHVVLYH SURQRXQV IXQFWLRQV IDLUO\ VLPLODUO\ WR WKHLU (QJOLVK HTXLYDOHQWV -XVW DV<br />

(QJOLVK XVHV WKH VDPH IRUP \RXU IRU ERWK VLQJXODU DQG SOXUDO VHFRQG SHUVRQ FDWHJRULHV $OVR DV<br />

ZLWK RWKHU ZRORI SURQRXQV RQH IRUP LV XVHG IRU WKH WKLUG SHUVRQ VLQJXODU ZLWK QR GLVWLQFWLRQ RI<br />

JHQGHU<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ VXPD VDPD VXxX VXx<br />

QG 3HUVRQ VD VHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ DP VHHQ<br />

1RXQV<br />

;DULW IULHQG 7XEH\ 7URXVHUV<br />

.sU &RPSRXQG 1HHJ 0RXVH<br />

7DDEXO 7DEOH 7HHUH %RRN<br />

'yRP &KLOG ;DM 'RJ<br />

'pNDQGRR 1HLJKERXU :RQDN %DWKURRP<br />

.DPD 7RLOHW 7DZHO VDUEHW 7RZHO<br />

0H\HNDW *LYHU IXQ FUDFNHU<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

.LL VD [DULW OD 7KLV SHUVRQ LV \RXU IULHQG<br />

.LL VXxX [DULW OD 7KLV SHUVRQ LV RXU IULHQG<br />

)LL QHHJDP OD +HUH LV KLV KHU KRXVH<br />

0RRGX VDPD [DULW OD 0RRGX LV P\ IULHQG<br />

/LL VHHQ WpHUH OD 7KLV LV \RXU WKHLU ERRN<br />

.DOH GyRPDP OD 7KDW SHUVRQ LV D KHU KLV LWV FKLOG<br />

1RWH<br />

7KH ,QGHSHQGHQW 6XEMHFW 3URQRXQ ZLOO KHOS WR FODULI\ ZKDW FRXOG KDYH EHHQ DQ DPELJRXV VWDWHPHQW<br />

([DPSOH<br />


fDOH VHHQ D\ GyRP OHxX )DOH GX VD ZRQDN VXPD NDPD OD<br />

([HUFLVH % 7UDQVODWH WR :RORI<br />

7KLV LV RXU NLWFKHQ 7KLV LV KLV WUHH<br />

7KHVH DUH RXU FKDLUV 7KHVH DUH WKHLU IULHQGV<br />

7KHVH DUH P\ VKRHV 7KHVH DUH KHU KRXVH<br />

/DD\ LV KLV WUDQVODWRU $ONDDOL LV P\ EURWKHU<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

5HODWLRQVKLS 0DUNHU<br />

7KH 3DUWLFOH X DQG L<br />

$ SRVVHVLYH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ RQH QRXQ DQG DQRWKHU LV LQGLFDWHG LQ :RORI E\ SODFLQJ WKH QRXQ<br />

UHIHUULQJ WR WKH WKLQJ SRVVHVVHG WKH PRGLILHG QRXQ EHIRUH WKDW UHIHUULQJ WR WKH SRVVHVVRU WKH QRXQ<br />

PRGLILHG ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH ILUVW RU SRVVHVVHG QRXQ LV XVXDOO\ IROORZHG E\ D VSHFLDO JUDPPDWLFDO<br />

PDUNHU ZKLFK PDUNV WKH UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH WZR QRXQV 7KLV UHODWLRQVKLS PDUNHU KDV WZR<br />

IRUPV X DQG L 7KHVH DUH XVHG LQGLVFULPDWHO\ GHSHQGLQJ RQ ZKHUH \RX DUH ORFDWHG<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

7DDEXO L 2PDU 7DEOH RI 2PDU 2PDU V WDEOH<br />

7XEH\ L -RKQ 7URXVHUV RI -RKQ -RKQ V SDQWV<br />

7KLV UHODWLRQVKLS PDUNHU DOVR H[LVW LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQV ZLWK D SRVVHVVLYH DGMHFWLYH ,WV H[LVWHQFH GRHV<br />

QRW LQWHUIHUH ZLWK JUDPPDWLFDO VWUXFWXUHV


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

-XUyRP fDDU 6HYHQ -XUyRP fHWWD (LJKW<br />

-XURyP fHQHQW 1LQH 5DND


7KH WDEOH LV PLQH 7KH ERRNV DUH WKHLUV<br />

7KH WDEOHV DUH RXUV 7KH KRXVH LV \RXUV<br />

7KH ILVK DUH WKHLUV 7KH WURXVHUV DUH KLV<br />

([HUFLVH % 7UDQVODWH 7R (QJOLVK<br />

0XXV PL VXPD ERV OD *RRU JL VD QLMDD\ OD<br />

-LJpHQ MX ERVDP OD :DQ ZL VHHQ ERV OD<br />

.HU \L VD \RV OHxX 7HHUH \L VXQX \RV OHxX<br />

([DPSOH 'X<br />

)LL GX VXPD SDODDV +HUH LV QRW P\ SODFH<br />

%LQGD ELL GX ERVDP 7KLV ZULWWLQJ LV QRW KHU V<br />

([HUFLVH $ 7UDQVODWH 7R (QJOLVK<br />

*yRU JL GX EDD\DP


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

SURQRXQ LV PRGLILHG E\ WKH SUHVHQWDWLYH DQJL<br />

0DQJL GL OHNND KHUH , DP HDWLQJ<br />

0XQJL GL WRRJD KHUH 6KH LV FRRNLQJ<br />

0XXVDQJL GL WRE KHUH ,V D FDW MXPSLQJ<br />

1LWDQJL GL GR[ KHUH LV D SHUVRQ ZDONLQJ<br />

7KH SDUWLFOH GL LV IXVHG ZLWK WKH VXEMHFW SURQRXQV DQG WKH SUHVHQWDWLYH WR JLYH WKH IROORZLQJ IRUPV<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ 0DDQJHH fXQJHH<br />

QG 3HUVRQ


ZR[ WR WDON WR VSHDN ZR[WX WLPH<br />

GDDQX WR IDLO UyEED KXQW<br />

IHH\ VZLP<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

7KH &RPSOHPHQW DQG 2EMHFW 3UHGLFDWRU ZLWK WKH 3DUWLFOH 'L<br />

,Q :RORI WKH REMHFW RI D YHUE LV HPSKDVL]HG E\ SUHGLFDWLQJ LW E\ PHDQV RI ODD QJD OD HWF QRW E\<br />

JLYLQJ LW VSHFLDO VWUHVV DV LQ (QJOLVK 7KLV OHVVRQ ZLOO VKRZ KRZ ODD QJD DQG OD DUH WUDWHG DV 2EMHFW<br />

3UHGLFDWRUV<br />

([DPSOHV 'LUHFW 7UDQVODWLRQ<br />

%DQMXO ODD GL GHP %DQMXO , DP JRLQJ , DP JRLQJ WR %DQMXO<br />

0EXXUX QJD GL OHNND %UHDG \RX DUH HDWLQJ


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

'HVFULSWLRQ RI $FWLYH $QG 6WDWLF 9HUEV<br />

:RORI KDV QR DGMHFWLYHV DQG IHZ LI DQ\ DGYHUEV RI PDQQHU VXFK DV YHUEV 3KUDVHV DUH XVHG WR<br />

PRGLI\ QRXQV DQG YHUEV DGMHFWLYHV DQG DGYHUEV RI PDQQHU LW ZLOO EH KHOSIXO WR FRQVLGHU :RORI YHUEV<br />

DV EHLQJ RI WZR GLIIHUHQW W\SHV $FWLYH YHUEV DQG VWDWLYH YHUEV<br />

$FWLYH 9HUEV $UH WKRVH ZKLFK LQGLFDWH DQ DFWLRQ RU SURFHVV H J /HNND WR HDW<br />

QDDQ WR GULQN<br />

6WDWLF 9HUEV $UH YHUEV ZKLFK LQGLFDWH EHLQJ LQ D SDUWLFXODU VWDWH RI PLQG RU VWDWLF<br />

FRQGLWLRQ 7KHUH DUH QR WUXH DGMHFWLYHV LQ :RORI WKHUHIRUH YHUEV<br />

DGMHFWLYH IDOO XQGHU VWDWLYH YHUEV (J WDQJD WR EH KRW JXGGD WR EH<br />

ORQJ [LLI WR EH KXQJU\<br />

$FWLYH 9HUEV 6WDWLYH 9HUEV<br />

OHNND WR HDW VHGGD WR EH FROG<br />

QDDQ WR GULQN DP WR KDYH<br />

ZR[ WR WDON PDU WR EH WKLUVW\<br />

IRyW WR ZDVK FORWKHV QHH[ WR EH VZHHW QLFH<br />

UD[DV WR ZDVK QHNND WR EH ORFDWHG<br />

VDQJX WR EDWKH RQHVHOI xRU WR EH FRRNHG<br />

IRPSD WR ZLSH xDDZ WR EH XJO\<br />

SDDVH WR LURQ UDIHW WR EH SUHWW\ EHDXWLIXO<br />

OHP WR IROG QMRRO WR EH WDOO<br />

GHIDU WR PDNH PHQG JDDWD WR EH VKRUW<br />

WRRJD WR FRRN VRUL WR EH IDU<br />

QRSSDOHNX WR UHVW MHJH WR EH QHDU<br />

ZR[WDDQ WR FKDW WDD\L WR EH WLUHG<br />

JLV WR VHH \DGDDN WR EH GXOO<br />

VHHWL WR YLVLW GRI WR EH VWXSLG<br />

LQGL WR EULQJ QRR\ WR EH VRIW<br />

MHO WR WDNH FROOHFW GHJHU WR EH KDUG<br />

\REEX WR FDUU\ WDNH WR ZRZ WR EH GU\<br />

GHP WR JR IHHEHU WR EH VLFN LOO<br />

ZRFFX WR YRPLW [LLI WR EH KXQJU\<br />

JDV WR GLJ WLOLP WR EH GLUW\<br />

URFFL WR SXOO RXW WRR\ WR EH ZHW<br />

WDDSHW WR EH WLPLG<br />

7KH IROORZLQJ YHUEV IDOO XQGHU ERWK FDWHJRULHV 7KH\ DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV DFWLYH YHUEV ZKHQ RQH LV LQ<br />

WKH SURFHVV RI SHUIRUPLQJ WKH SUHVFULEHG DFWLRQ 7KH FRQWLQRXV WHQVH PDUNHU PXVW XVHG WR LQGLFDWH<br />

DFWLRQ ,Q WKH DEVHQFH RI WKH FRQWLQXH WHQVH PDUNHU WKH\ DUH FRQVLGHUHG VWDWLYH YHUEV 7KH\ DUH<br />

VWDWLYH EHFDXVH RQH LV LQ WKH GHVFULEHG FRQGLWLRQ<br />

WRRJ WR VLW VXNND WR NQHHO<br />

PDDWD WR ELWH WD[DZ WR VWDQG<br />

VHJJD WR ERZ EHQG IURP WKH ZDLVW WHGGD WR OLH GRZQ<br />

WDDQX WR OLH RQ RQH V EDFN NDØX WR OLH RQ RQH V VLGH<br />

,Q WKH IROORZLQJ H[DPSOHV WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH SHUVRQ RI UHIHUHQFH LV GHVFULEHG VHH WKH OHVVRQ RQ<br />

FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHUV<br />

WD[DZ QDD , DP VWDQGLQJ<br />

WRRJ QJD


VXNND QD +H LV NQHHOLQJ<br />

PDDWD QHxX :H DUH ELWLQJ<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

&RPSOHWLRQ 0DUNHUV<br />

:KHQ XVHG ZLWK VWDWLYH YHUEV LW LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH FRQGLWLRQ RU VWDWH RI PLQG LV FRPSOHWHG WKHUHIRUH<br />

RQH EH FRQVLGHUHG DV D SUHVHQW WHQVH PDUNHU IRU VWDWLYH YHUEV ZKHQ XVHG ZLWK DFWLYH YHUEV WKH<br />

FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU FRPSOHWHV WKH DFWLRQ RI WKH YHUEV DQG WKHUHIRUH FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG DV D VLPSOH<br />

SDVW WHQVH PDUNHU IRU DFWLYH YHUEV<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ QDD QDxX QHx<br />

QG 3HUVRQ QJD QJHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ QD QHxX QHx<br />

1RWH<br />

7KH SHUVRQ RI UHIHUHQFH LV LQGLFWHG E\ XVLQJ WKH DSSURSLDWH FRPSOHWLRQ PDUNHU 7KH UG SHUVRQ<br />

VLQJXODU VWDQGV IRU KH VKH LW<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

$FWLYH YHUEV<br />

OHNND QDD PEXXUX , DWH EUHDG<br />

'HP QJHHQ


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

2EMHFW 3UHGLFDWRU DV &RPSOHWLRQ 0DUNHUV<br />

:KHQ WKH REMHFW SUHGLFDWRU LV XVHG ZLWK $FWLYH YHUEV ZRWKRXW WKH FRQWLQRXV WHQVH SDUWLFOH WKH<br />

VHQWHQFH FDQ EH UHJDUGHG DV EHLQJ LQ WKH VLPSOH SDVW :KHQ XVHG ZLWK VWDWLYH YHUEV LW LV LQ WKH VLPSOH<br />

SUHVHQW 7KH REMHFW SUHGLFDWRUV ZLOO DSSHDU LQ WKH IROORZLQJ IRUPV<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW SHUVRQ ODD OHxX ODxX OHx<br />

QG SHUVRQ QJD QJHHQ<br />

UG SHUVRQ OD OHxX ODxX OHx<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

[DDOLV ODD DP ,W LV PRQH\ , KDYH<br />

[DDOLV ODD JLV ,W LV PRQH\ , VDZ<br />

1RWH<br />

7KH HPSKDVLV LV RQ WKH REMHFW<br />

([HUFLVH 7UDQVODWH WR :RORI<br />

7KHVH VHQWHQFHV DUH ZULWWHQ DV WKH\ ZRXOG EH VDLG LQ :RORI<br />

7KH FKLOG , VDZ %UHDG , DWH<br />

6WRQHV WKH\ ERXJKW %HG \RX VLQJXODU KDYH<br />

+RXVH \RX ERXJKW 5LFH ZH FRRNHG<br />

9HUEDO 1HJDWLYH<br />

:RORI YHUEV DUH XVXDOO\ QHJDWHG E\ PHDQV RI VSHFLDO VXIIL[ ZKLFK LV DGGHG GLUHFWO\ WR WKH YHUE LWVHOI<br />

7KH VXEMHFW SURQRXQ XVHG LQ D QHJDWLYH YHUEDO FRQVWUXFWLRQ DOZD\V LPPHGLDWHO\ IROORZ WKH QHJDWLYH<br />

VXIIL[ WKH QHJDWLYH SDUWLFOH DQG SURQRXQ DUH VRUW RI IXVHG WRJHWKHU 6HH WKH SDUDGLJP EHORZ<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ XPD XQX<br />

QG 3HUVRQ XORR XOHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ XW XO XQX<br />

7KH UG SHUVRQ VLQJXODU LV XVHG LQGHVFULPLQDOWHO\ ,Q D YHUEDO QHJDWLYH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WKH GLIIHUHQFH<br />

EHWZHHQ VWDWLYH DQG DFWLYH YHUEV UHPDLQ WKH VDPH 9HUEV HQGLQJ LQ D ORRVH WKH D LQ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

VHHWL QDD 2PDU 6HHWLQD 2PDU<br />

ELQGD QD OHHWDU EL ELQGXPD OHHWDU EL<br />

GHP QDD PDDUVH GHPXPD PDDUVH<br />

IyRW QJD PEXEED PL IyRWXORR PEXEED PL<br />

/HNND QHxX PDQJR PDQJR OHNNXxX PDQJR<br />

SDVVH QJHHQ PDODDQ PH PDODDQ SDDVHZ XOHHQ PDODDQ PL<br />

UD[DV QD ERRO EL UD[DVXW ERRO EL<br />

OHP QJD [DIWDDQ EL OHPXORR [DIWDDQ EL<br />

QDDQ QHxX QGR[ PL QDDQXxX QGR[ PL<br />

JLV QJHHQ VHHQ [DULW \L JLVXOHHQ VHHQ [DULW \L<br />

2EMHFW 3UHGLFWRUV $QG 9HUEDO 1HJDWLYH 3KDUDVHV


<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

:KHQ DQ REMHFW LV HPSKDVLVHG LQ D VHQWHQFH E\ PHDQ RI DQ REMHFW SUHGLFDWRU WKH UG SHUVRQ VLQJXODU<br />

LV DWWDFKHG WR WKH YHUE WR QHJDWH LW<br />

([HUFLVH D<br />

'DDOD OHxX VROXW 6KRHV ZH GR QRW ZHDU<br />

1GHNNL QJHHQ GHIXW %UHDNIDVW \RX SO GLG QRW GR<br />

0LQWL OD PRFFXW &DQG\ KH GLG QRW PXQFK<br />

3LLV ODD DPXW )DEULF , GR QRW KDYH<br />

6D [DULW OD JLVXW


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ PDD\ xRR\<br />

QG 3HUVRQ \DD\ \HHQD\<br />

UG 3HUVRQ PRR\ xRR\<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

0DD\ GHP %DQMXO , DP JRLQJ WR %DQMXO<br />


EH XQWLO FL NDQDP ODWHU<br />

xHP IRRG EXEDD[ YHU\ JRRG ZHOO<br />

DN DJ ZLWK DQG SLLV IDEULF<br />

\RPED FKHDS<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

1HJDWLYH ,PSHUDWLYH<br />

7KH SDUWLFOH EX H[SUHVVHV GRQ W DQG LV XVXDOO\ IROORZHG E\ WKH DSSURSULDWH VXEMHFW SURQRXQ WR<br />

LQGLFDWH SHUVRQ RI UHIHUHQFH<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ EXPD EXxX<br />

QG 3HUVRQ EXO EXOHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ EXPX EXxX<br />

$V RSSRVHG WR WKH SRVLWLYH LPSHUDWLYH DO DQG OHHQ WKH QHJDWLYH LPSHUDWLYH DOZD\V SUHFHHG WKH YHUE<br />

([DPSOH<br />

EXO \DDNDQWL GRQ W EH LQ KXUU\<br />

EXPX GHP GRQ W KH JR<br />

EXOHHQ ZD[ GRQ W \RX SOXUDO WDON<br />

([HUFLVH 7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />

%XO MDD\ QDJ EL %XxX \sQJDO PDDIH EL<br />

%XxX IRPSD VXPD WRRJX \L %XOHHQ LQGL \HUHHP \L<br />

9RFDEXODU\<br />

¶HJ \sHJ 7R FOLPE (E 7R ORDG<br />

7RE 7R MXPS -pHP 7R WU\<br />

'LPEDOH 7R KHOS :DQxL 7R GHFUHDVH UHGXFH<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

,Q :RORI DOVR VSHFLDO IRUPV H[LVW IRU SURQRXQV XVHG DV REMHFWV RI ZKLFK WZR IRUPV DUH LGHQWLFDO<br />

ZLWK HDFK RWKHU<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ PD PH xX XV<br />

QG 3HUVRQ OD \RX OHHQ \RX<br />

UG 3HUVRQ NR KLP KHU LW OHHQ \RX<br />

,PSHUDWLYH ZLWK REMHFW SURQRXQV<br />

:KHQ DQ REMHFW SURQRXQ LV XVHG ZLWK WKH LPSHUDWLYH IRUP WKHUH LV D GLIIHUHQFH GHSHQGLQJ RQ ZKHWKHU<br />

WKH VLQJXODU RU WKH SOXUDO LV XVHG 7KH VLQJXODU DO LV GURSSHG EXW WKH SOXUDO OHHQ LV NHSW<br />

3OHDVH H[SODLQ WKH XVH RI /$ DQG ZKHQ DQG KRZ WR XVH /$<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

JLV PD sOOHN 6HH PH WRPRUURZ<br />

JLVOHHQ PD sOOHN


\RNND QJHHQ NR GHIDUDO QDD NR EXQWD EL<br />

WRRJDO QJD PD PDDOR PL MDQJDO QD NR :RORI<br />

ELQGDO QHxX OHHQ OHHWDU EL MHQGDO QJHHQ xX MHQ \L<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

&L 6L $QG 1RXQ 3UHSRVLWLRQDO 3KUDVHV $QG 7KH 9HUE 1HNND<br />

&L FRQYH\V PRUH VSHFLILF LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW VSHFLDO UHODWLRQVKLS LQ SKUDVHV ZKHUH LW LV XVHG LQ<br />

FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK FHUWDLQ QRXQV 7KHVH QRXQV DUH WKH FRPELQDWLRQ ZKLFK WKH\ IRUP ZLWK FL DUH DV<br />

IROORZV<br />

GLJJD FL VL GLJJD FL VL GLJJ L<br />

PLGGOH LQ WKH PLGGOH LQ WKH PLGGOH RI<br />

ZHW FL VL ZHW L<br />

VLGH ,Q WKH VLGH RI EHVLGH<br />

ERRU &L VL ERRU L<br />

VLGH QH[W WR EHVLGH QH[W WR<br />

NDQDP FL VL NDQDP FL VL NDQDP L<br />

IURQW IDFH LQ IURQW LQ IURQW RI<br />

JDQDDZ FL VL JDQDDZ FL VL JDQDDZ L<br />

EDFN EHKLQG DW WKH EDFN EHKLQG DW WKH EDFN RI EHKLQG<br />

ELLU FL VL ELLU<br />

LQVLGH VWRPDFK LQVLGH WKH<br />

ELWL FL VL ELWL<br />

RXWVLGH RXWVLGH<br />

NRZ VL FL NRZ 6L FL NRZL<br />

RQ RQ WRS RQ WRS RQ WKH WRS<br />

GLJDQWH VL FL GLJDQWH<br />

EHWZHHQ LQ EHWZHHQ<br />

VXXI FL VL VXXI FL VL VXXI L<br />

ERWWRP DW WKH ERWWRP DW WKH ERWWRP<br />

GRZQ GRZQ EHQHDWK<br />

URQ FL VL URQ<br />

XQGHU XQGHU QHDWK XQGHU WKH<br />

7KH DERYH WDEOH VKRZV KRZ SUHSRVLWLRQV DUH XVHG ZLWK &L 7KH DVWHULVN LQGLFDWH WKH RQHV WKDW FDQ EH<br />

XVHG ZLWK WKH UHODWLRQVKLS PDUNHU<br />

3UHSRVLWLRQDO 3KUDVHV ZLWK 7KH &RQWLQRXV 7HQVH<br />

([DPSOH<br />

0DQJHH pHJ FL NRZ JDUDE JL , DP FOLPELPJ RQ WRS RI WKH WUHH<br />

&L NRZ JDUDE JL ODD\ pHJ ,W V RQ WRS RI WKH WUHH , DP FOLPELQJ<br />

WKLV VHQWHQFH HPSKDVL]HV WKH REMHFW WKH<br />

([HUFLVH D 7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

0DQJHH ELQGD OHHWDU FL ELLU QpHJ EL fXQJHH OLJJH\ FL URQ JDUDE JL<br />


.RZL $QD JROR JL" 7DDWL JDUDE<br />

%RRUL $QD [DOHO EL" 1HHJ<br />

'LJDQWH $QD xRRP 6DP" *HHM<br />

%LLU $QD ZD[DPEDDQH\L ER\V fDDUL MLJpHQ \L<br />

-DDNDDUORR $QD 3HDFH &RUSV RIILFH" DN ODQDWL<br />

([HUFLVH F<br />

9RFDEXODU\<br />

6LQHPD &LQHPD 6HHWDQ 7R ZDWFK<br />

0DDQJR 0DQJR ;DU 7R WHDU<br />

6RUDDQV 2UDQJH 'DZDO 7R GULYH<br />

6DD\NXO %LF\FOH 'DZ 7R UXQ<br />

-DQ[D *LUO


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

3UHGLFDWRUV ZLWK 6WDWLYH 9HUEV<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

GDPD DP [DDOLV , KDYH PRQH\<br />

GDQJD UDIHW


([HUFLVH F<br />

'RJ 7R FXW 3LLV )DEULF<br />

(NNDWL 7R OLIW 6LPHQW &HPHQW<br />

)HNND 7R PHHW 6XXI 6RLO VDQG<br />

)H\ 7R SD\ %XXP 5RSH<br />

*pHQD 7R JR RXW 'XURRV 8QGHUZHDU SDQWV<br />

;DODDW 7R WKLQN 6DDNHW )HQFH<br />

-D[DVH 7R PL[ 7DNND 0DUULDJH WLH<br />

-L 7R SODQW .HSSD 7R FOLS<br />

.DI 7R MRNH *pQWD 7R GUHDP<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

'LIIHUHQW &RQVWUXFWLRQV ZLWK WKH 3DVW 7HQVH 0DUNHU<br />

7KH PDUNHU LV XVHG ZLWK YHUEDO FRQVWUXFWLRQV DQG LWV SRVLWLRQ LQ WKH VHQWHQFH GHSHQGV RQ ZKDW NLQG<br />

RI HPSKDVLV \RX ZDQW WR PDNH %HORZ LV D VXPPDU\ RI WKH GLIIHUHQW ZD\V WKLV PDUNHU FDQ EH XVHG<br />

$IILUPDWLYH 1HJDWLYH<br />

'HPRRQ QDD %DQMXO 'HPXPDZRRQ %DQMX<br />

/HNNRRQ QJD PEXXUX /HNNXORRZRRQ PEXXUX<br />

*LVRRQ QD WpHUH EL *LVXORRQ WpHUH EL<br />

2EMHFW (PSKDVLV<br />

%DQMXO ODD GHPRRQ %DQMXO ODD GHPXWRRQ<br />

0EXXUX QJD OHNNRRQ 0EXXUX QJD OHNNXWRRQ<br />

7HHUH EL OD JLVRRQ 7pHUH EL OD JLVXORRQ<br />

9HUE 3UHGLFDWRUV<br />

'HPD GHPRRQ %DQMXO 'DPD GHPXWRRQ %DQMXO<br />

'DQJD OHNNRRQ PEXXUX 'DQJD OHNNXWRRQ PEXXUX<br />

'DID JLVRRQ WpHUH EL 'DID JLVXWRRQ WpHUH EL<br />

6XEMHFW (PSKDVLV<br />

0DD GHPRRQ %DQMXO 0DD GHPXWRRQ %DQMXO<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

&L URQ JDUDE JL OHQX WHGGD<br />

'DDOD EL ODD MHQGD FL ERRU L PDDUVH EL<br />


9(5% 35(',&$7256<br />

$)),50$7,9( 1(*$7,9(<br />

GDPD ZDUD GHP %DQMXO GDPD ZDUXWD GHP %DQMXO<br />

, VKRXOG JR WR %DQMXO , VKRXOG QRW JR WR %DQMXO<br />

GDID PXQRRQD GDZ GDID PXQXWRRQD GDZ<br />

+H ZDV DEOH WR UXQ +H ZDV QRW DEOH WR UXQ<br />

2%-(&7 35(',&$7256<br />

%DQMXO ODD ZDUD GHP %DQMXO ODD ZDUXWD GHP<br />

%DQMXO , VKRXOG JR WR %DQMXO , VKRXOG QRW JR WR<br />

%HQDFLQ OD PXVD OHNND %HQDFLQ OD PXVXWRRQD OHNND<br />

%HQDFLQ KH KDV RQHV HDWHQ %HQDFLQ KH KDV QHYHU HDWHQ<br />

68%-(&7 (03+$6,$6<br />

PDD PXQD WRRJD PDDOR PDD PXQXWRRQD WRRJD PDDOR<br />

, DP DEOH WR FRRN ULFH , DP QRW DEOH WR FDQQRW FRRN ULFH<br />

QRR ZDUD OLJpH\ HOOsN xRR ZDUXWD OLJpH\ HOOsN<br />

ZH VKRXOG ZRUN WRPRUURZ ZH VKRXOG QRW ZRUN WRPRUURZ<br />

([HUFLVH D 7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />

GDPD OD JDDZD \REEX FL URQ JDUDE JL GDDODDP \L GHxX [DOD [DZD ZHUWD<br />

WDPDDWH QJD JsMD MHQGD FL PDDUVH EL $ZD PRR JHQD OLJpH\ )DDWX<br />

GDQJHHQ \LL[D LQGL [DOH EL FL ORSLWDDQ EL PDDQJHH VRRJD ELQGD OHHWDU FL RORI<br />

PXVX PDD GHIDUDO VXPD \DD\ UDMR EL SLVV EX EXORR OHQX ZDUD MHQGD<br />

GHxX EXJJRRQD IHNND MDQJDOHNDW \L FL ERRU L NsU JL<br />

GDPD JHMD JLV SLFFD EX QXXO GDID EDxD GHOOX GHNNDDP<br />

FL ELWL OD EDxD JHQQD MHHPXWD MDQJD RORI<br />

EXJJXWD [DODDW PELU L UDNDDP GDQJD ZDUD NHSSD VLPLV EL FL EXXP EL<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

([SUHVVLQJ )XWXUH 7HQVH 3RVLWLYH 1HJDWLYH<br />

7KH SDUWLFOH GL ZDV GHVFULEHG DV DQ DX[LODU\ YHUE WKDW LQGLFDWHV LQFRPSOHWH WHQVHV<br />

7KH SDUWLFOH GL LV DOVR XVHG LQ :RORI WR LQGLFDWH WKH IXWXUH WHQVH 7KH ZD\ LW LV XVHG ZKHQ<br />

H[SUHVVLQJ WKH IXWXUH SRVLWLYH WHQVH LV LQ FRPELQDWLRQ ZLWK WKH PDUNHU QD 7KH GLIIHUHQW IRUPV<br />

DSSHDU LQ WKH SDUDGLJP EHORZ<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ GLQDD , ZLOO GLQHx X ZH ZLOO<br />

QG 3HUVRQ GLQJD \RX ZLOO GLQJHHQ \RX DOO ZLOO<br />

UG 3HUVRQ GLQD KH VKH LW ZLOOGLQHxX WKH\ ZLOO<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

GLQDD ELQGD OHHWDU FL RORI , ZLOO ZULWH D OHWWHU LQ :RORI<br />

GLQDD OD MR[ [DDOLV , ZLOO JLYH \RX PRQH\<br />

([HUFLVH D 7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />

9RFDEXODU\<br />

&L NDQDP WXXWL ,Q D OLWWOH ZKLOH VDDNX VDFN


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

*DQDDZ HOOsN 'D\ DIWHU WRPRUURZ VDDN EDJ<br />

7H\ FL QJRRQ 7KLV DIWHUQRRQ 'DMDOH WRJHWKHU JDWKHU<br />

7H\ FL VXEED 7KLV PRUQLQJ 7HHQ ZHOO<br />

(OOsN FL QJRRQ 7RPRUURZ HYHQLQJ 8WL WR JR ORRN IRU<br />

(OOsN FL VXEED 7RPRUURZ PRUQLQJ /HE WR ERUURZ<br />

$\ IDQ FL NDQDP ,Q D IHZ GD\V WLPH /DDND WR EH DEOH WR VSHDN D<br />

ODQJXDJH<br />

%HV EX DD\ :HHN %HV \X DD\ ZHHNV<br />

GLQDD VHHWL VXPD [DULW \L FL NDQDP WXXWL<br />

JDQDDZ HOOsN GLQJD URRWL FL WHHQ EL<br />

WH\ FL QJRRQ GLQDD VDQGL GDDOD \X \DD[X \L<br />

EHQQD EHV EX DD\ FL NDQDP GLQHxX GDMDOH ERRO \L<br />

GLQJHHQ ERUH DJ ZDD 6HUHNXQGD D\ IDQ FL NDQDP<br />

QDDU L EHV \X DD\ FL NDQDP GLQDD XWL OLJpH\<br />

GLQJD OHE QHWW L VDDNX PDDOR FL MDD\NDW EL<br />

GLQD PD EDOHO VXPD QpHJ EL WH\ FL EsFsN<br />

GLQHxX NR UHH HOOsN FL VXEED<br />

D\ IDQ FL NDQDP GLQJHHQ PXQD ODDND ZRORI<br />

$ FRPELQDWLRQ RI WKH SDUWLFOH GL DQG WKH YHUEDO QHJDWLYH IRUP WKH IXWXUH QHJDWLYH WHQVH 7KH<br />

GLIIHUHQW IRUPV DSSHDU LQ WKH SDUGLJP EHORZ<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ GXPD , ZLOO QRW GXxX ZH ZLOO QRW<br />

QG 3HUVRQ GRR GXQJD \RX ZLOO GXQJHHQ GRROHHQ \RX ZLOO QRW<br />

UG 3HUVRQ GX KH VKH LW ZLOO QRW GXxX WKH\ ZLOO QRW<br />

1RWH<br />

7KH QG SHUVRQ VLQJXODU GXQJD LV QHYHU XVHG LQ IXQFWLRQDO ZRORI EXW WKH FRQWUDFWLRQ GRR 7KH QG<br />

SHUVRQ SOXUDO KDV WZR IRUPV ZKLFK FDQ EH XVHG LQGLVFULPLQDWHO\<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

GXPD ELQGD OHHWDU FL RORI , ZLOO QRW ZULWH D OHWWHU LQ :RORI<br />

GXPD OD MR[ [DDOLV , ZLOO QRW JLYH \RX PRQH\<br />

([HUFLVH E 7UDQVODWH WR :RORI<br />


'DQJD ZDURRQD GHP SDVNL VD PDN GX xRZ ILL<br />

'LQD xLEL ZDQWH GX WH\<br />

'XxX IyRW VXxX PEXEED \X WLOLP \L SDVNL DPXxX VDDEX<br />

&L NDQDP WXXWL GLQDD QRSSDOHNX SDVNL GDPD WDD\L WRURS<br />

'RROHHQ VHHWDDQL ERUH SDVN L DPXOHHQ PRWR<br />

'LQJHHQ WXNNL QDDU L IDQ FL NDQDP ZDQWH GRROHHQ \DDJD<br />

%DODD QJRRQ GLQD LQGL [DDOLV EL<br />

'LQJD xDZ VD VLPLV EX [DU EL EDODD HOOsN<br />

%Dx QD PDD MHQGDO UREED ZDD\ GLQD MHQGDO MDQ[DDP EL<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

7KH 7HPSRUDO 5HODWLYH %X 6X<br />

,Q :RORI WKHUH LV D VSHFLDO UHODWLYH SURQRXQ ZKLFK LV XVHG WR UHIHU WR WKH WLPH LQ ZKLFK WKH DFWLRQ RI<br />

D YHUE WDNHV SODFH 7KLV WHPSRUDO UHODWLYH LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH WLPH UHIHUUHG WR LV HLWKHU DQWLFLSDWHG L H<br />

,Q WKH IXWXUH RU K\SRWKHWLFDO LH FRQGLWLRQDO ZLWKRXW DQ\ IRUPDO GLVWLQDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH WZR<br />

SRVVLELOLWLHV 7KLV URXJKO\ FRUUHVSRQG WR WKH (QJOLVK ZKHQ RU LI<br />

7KH WHPSRUDO UHODWLYH LV XVXDOO\ IROORZHG E\ D VXEMHFW SURQRXQ 6HH WKH SDUDGLJP IRU WKH GLIIHUHQW<br />

IRUPV<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ EXPD VXPD EXxX VXxX<br />

QG 3HUVRQ ERR VRR %RROHHQ VRROHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ EX VX EXxX VXxX<br />

1RWH<br />

7KH QG SHUVRQ VLQJXODU EXQJD DQG VXQJD DUH QRW XVHG LQ IXQFWLRQDO ZRORI EXW WKH FRQWUDFWLRQV ERR<br />

DQG VRR %RWK WKH EX VX IRUPV FDQ EH XVHG LQGLVFULPLQDWHO\<br />

7KH YHUE ZKLFK FRPHV DIWHU WKH WHPSRUDO UHODWLYH HQGV LQ D ORQJ YRZHO 7KH YHUE HQGLQJ GHWHUPLQHV<br />

WKH IRUP RI ORQJ YRZHO WR EH DWWDFKHG 9HUEV HQGLQJ LQ FRQVRQDQWV DQG YRZHOV H DQG L WDNH WKH HH<br />

HQGLQJ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

6XPD JLVHH OHHWDU EL ,I ZKHQ , VHH WKH OHWWHU<br />

%RR VHHWL HH VD [DULW ,I ZKHQ \RX YLVLW \RXU IULHQG<br />

%XxX EDOH HH QpHJ EL ,I ZKHQ ZH VZHHS WKH KRXVH<br />

9HUEV HQGLQJ LQ D WDNH DQ DD HQGLQJ RU WKH HH HQGLQJ ZKHQ WKH D LV GURSSHG<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

6RR VDQJRR ,I ZKHQ \RX EDWKH \RXUVHOI<br />

:KHQ WKH WHPSRUDO UHODWLYH LV IROORZHG E\ WKH SDVW FRQWLQLRXV WHQVH GRRQ WKH IROORZLQJ YHUE ZLOO<br />

QRW WDNH WKH HH HQGLQJ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

%LPD GRRQ ZD[WDDQ JLVRRQ QDD VD [DULW EL :KHQ , ZDV FKDWWLQJ , VDZ \RXU IULHQG<br />

%DPX GRRQ QHOHZ GHPRRQ QDD ID :KHQ KH ZDV VOHHSLQJ , ZHQW WKHUH<br />

%XPD GDDQRR ,I ZKHQ , IDOO<br />

1RWH<br />

:KHQ XVHG ZLWK REMHFW SURQRXQV WKH REMHFW SURQRXQV VKRXOG DOZD\V FRPH EHIRUH WKH YHUE


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

6XPD OD JLVHH ,I ZKHQ , VHH \RX<br />

%X NR LQGL HH ,I ZKHQ KH EULQJV LW<br />

([HUFLVH D 7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />

.RQWDDQ EHJ 7R EH KDSS\ SOHDVHG 7DZ 7R UDLQ<br />

7RR\ 7R EH ZHW 0HU 7R EH PDG DQJU\<br />

.RQ 7KHUHIRUH 7KHQ .HQ 1R RQH<br />


LW LQGLFDWHV WKH FRPSOHWLRQ RI RQH HYHQW EHIRUH WKH IROORZLQJ RQH LV HPSKDVLVHG<br />

EH XQWLO WLOO<br />

SDUH WR EH UHDG\ WR EH ILQLVKHG<br />

QRSSL WR EH ILQLVKHG WR VWRS WR EH UHDG\ WR EH TXLWH<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

ELPD ZD[HH EH SDUH GDPD GHPRQ xLEL<br />

ZKHQ , ILQLVKHG WDONLQJ , ZHQW KRPH<br />

EDPX DxHH EH QRSSL GDID GRRQ QHOHZ<br />

ZKHQ KH ILQLVK OXQFKLQJ KH ZDV VOHHSLQJ<br />

([HUFLVH F 7UDQVODWH WR :RORI<br />

)HHEDU 7R EH VLFN<br />

5DE $QLPDOV<br />

'HH 7R GLH<br />

'pHJD 7R KHDU<br />

2R 7R FDOO<br />

'HJOX 7R OLVWHQ WR<br />

'XJJD 7R HQWHU HQWUH<br />

:KHQ , ZDV LQ %RVWRQ , YLVLWHG KHU IDWKHU<br />

7KH\ ZHQW WR 'DNDU ZKHQ WKH\ ZHUH LQ 6HQHJDO<br />

+H ZURWH WKH OHWWHU ZKHQ KH ZDV ZRUNLQJ<br />

:KHQ \RX ZHUH WUDYHOOLQJ \RX VDZ WKH DQLPDOV<br />

:KHQ VKH ZDV VLFN VKH ZHQW WR WKH 'RFWRU<br />

:KHQ RXU IULHQG GLHG ZH FULHG<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

([HUFLVH D<br />

7UDQVODWH WR :RORI XVLQJ 9HUE 3UHGLFDWRUV<br />

, DOZD\V YLVLW P\ IULHQG<br />

+H DOZD\V ZDVK KLV GLUW\ VKRHV<br />

:H DOZD\V SOD\ ZLWK WKH NLGV<br />


7UDQVODWH WR QHXWUDO VWDWHPHQW LQ ZRORI<br />

, GR QRWDOZD\V UHFRJQLVH WKH WZR NLGV [DDPHH<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

/RRO DQG 7RURS KDYH QR VSHFLDO YHUE WR PRGLI\<br />

H J<br />

[LLI WRURS ORRO YHU\ KXQJU\<br />

WLOLP WRURS ORRO YHU\ GLUW\<br />

UDIHW WRURS YHU\ EHDXWLIXO<br />

WDDQJD ORRO ZLW MLU YHU\ KRW<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

GDPD [LLI ORRO , DP YHU\ KXQJU\<br />

PDDQJRUR EL GDID xRU [RP 7KH PDQJR LV YHU\ ULSH<br />

VL\R EL GDID IHHV WHE 7KH EXFNHW LV YHU\ IXOO<br />

VLLV EL GDID ZRZ NRØ 7KH FKDLU LV YHU\ GU\<br />

QpHJ EDDQJL [HVHZ [XQ 7KH KRXVH LV YHU\ VPHOO\<br />

QGR[ PL VHGGD QD JX\ 7KH ZDWHU LV YHU\ FROG<br />

PEXEED EL GDID HP URN 7KH GUHVV ILWV ZHOO<br />

( J<br />

GR[ DGR[ ZDON D JUHDW GHDO<br />

xXXO D xXXO YHU\ YHU\ EODFN<br />

ERQ D ERQ YHU\ YHU\ EDG RU GHWHVWDEO\ EDG<br />

'DPD GR[ D GR[ EH VRQQD , ZDONHG XQWLO , ZDV WLUHG<br />

6L ELWL GDID xXXO D xXXO NXN 2XWVLGH LV YHU\ YHU\ EODFN<br />

'DID ERQ D ERQ +H VKH LV YHU\ EDG<br />

'(6&5,%,1* 3(23/(<br />

'HVFULELQJ VRPHRQH RU VRPHWKLQJ<br />

D 7KH TXHVWLRQ 1DND OD PHO ZKDW LV KH VKH LW OLNH"<br />

&DQ ERWK UHIHU WR ERWK SK\VLFDO DQG PRUDO GHVFULSWLRQ DQG GDID IRUP LV RIWHQ<br />

XVHG WR DQVZHU WKHVH TXHVWLRQV<br />

PHO WR EH OLNH ORRN DOLNH<br />

QMRRO WR EH WDOO WDOO<br />

JDDWD WR EH VKRUW VKRUW<br />

Up\ ELJ WR EH ELJ WR EH IDW<br />

\HP HP WR EH PHGLXP VL]H WR ILW WR EH RI RYHUDJH VL]H<br />

( J 1DND OD PHO"<br />

GDID QMRRO +H VKH LV WDOO<br />

GHx X JDDWD 7KH\ ZH DUH VKRUW<br />

VXPD [DULW EL GDID HP 0\ IULHQG LV PHGLXP VL]H<br />

NsU JL GDID Up\ 7KH FRPSRXQG LV ELJ<br />

,I WKH GDID IRUP LV QRW XVHG D FRQVWUXFWLRQ ZLWK D UHODWLYH SURQRXQ FDQ EH<br />

VXEVWLWXWHG<br />

( J GDID QMRRO +H VKH LV WDOO<br />

.X QMRRO OD +H LV D WDOO SHUVRQ<br />

GHxX JDDWD 7KH\ DUH VKRUW<br />

xX JDDWD OHx X 7KH\ DUH VKRUW


E 'HVFULSWLRQ 9RFDEXODU\<br />

QXXO WR EH EODFN GDUN<br />

[HHV WR EH RI OLJKWHU VNLQ<br />

[HHUHHU WR EH LQ EHWZHHQ GDUN DQG OLJKW<br />

VpZ WR WKLQ<br />

UDIHW WR EH SUHWW\ WR EH EHDXWLIXO<br />

MHHND WR EH HOHJDQW<br />

PDDJHW WR EH ROG<br />

GRI VWXSLG FUD]\<br />

UHHZ UXGH<br />

ÙRRWD VWLQJ\<br />

UHHOX IXQQ\<br />

VRRI GXOO<br />

EDD[ JRRG<br />

ERQ EDG<br />

DP \DUDP WR EH IDW<br />

DP EsW EyW WR KDYH ELJ H\HV<br />

DP MsPPD WR EH WDOO VWDWXV FRPPDQGLQJ DSSHDUDQFH<br />

DP WD[DZDD\ WR EH WDOO<br />

DP WDDU WR EH SUHWW\<br />

DP WDDW WR KDYH D ELJ ERWWRP<br />

DP [HO WR EH VPDUW WR EH EUDLQ\<br />

DP [DP [DP WR EH NQRZOHGJHDEOH<br />

DP ZRUVDJ ZRUVDN WR EH OXFN\<br />

DP EDUNH WR EH EOHVVHG<br />

DP GRROH WR EH VWURQJ<br />

DP DOHO WR EH ULFK<br />

DP ID\GD WR KDYH SHUVRQDOLW\ WR EH VHULRXV<br />

DP MRW WR EH IUHH WR EH OHVV EXV\<br />

F $QRWKHU ZD\ RI JLYLQJ D GHVFULSWLRQ LV ZLWK WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ DP SOXV WKH QRXQ<br />

H[DPSOHV<br />

0DD\NHO DP QD [HO 0LFKDHO LV VPDUW<br />

2WKHU H[DPSOHV<br />

GDQJD [HHUHHU MHNND DN DP [DP[DP<br />

\RX DUH IDLU LQ FRPSOH[LRQ HOHJDQW DQG NQRZOHGJHDEOH<br />

GDID UHHOX WRURS VKH KH LV YHU\ IXQQ\<br />

GDQJHHQ GRI \RX DUH VWXSLG FUD]\<br />

GDPD xXXO DN DP WDDU , P EODFN DQG SUHWW\<br />

1RWH WKDW xXXO [HHV DQG [HHUHHU DUH XVHG WR GHVFULEH VRPHRQH V FRPSOH[LRQ<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

(TXDOLW\<br />

7KH (QJOLVK FRQVWUXFWLRQ DV DV H[DPSOH -RKQ LV DV WDOO DV 1DQF\ LV UDUHO\ XVHG LQ ZRORI<br />

7KH HTXLYDOHQW VWUXFWXUH LV LQ WKH IRUPV JLYHQ EHORZ<br />

PDDVH WRRORR WR EH WKH VDPH VL]H DV VRPHRQH<br />

QLUyR WR ORRN DOLNH


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

3DDWH DN %XXED xRR WRRORR 3DDWH DQG %XXED DUH RI WKH VDPH VL]H<br />

9LQFHQW DN ,OLPDDQ xRR QLUyR 9LQFHQW DQG ,OLPDDQ ORRN DOLNH<br />

0XVX DN 5DPX xRR HP 0XVX DQG 5DPX DUH HTXDO<br />

$QRWKHU ZD\ RI H[SUHVVLQJ HTXDOLW\ LV ZLWK WKH XVH RI WKH ZRUG EHQD DQG<br />

WKH SUHGLFDWRU OD<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

1pHJ \L EHQD OHx X 7KHVH KRXVHV DUH WKH VDPH<br />

$PHHULND DN $QJDOWHHU EHQD OHxX $PHULFD DQG (QJODQG DUH WKH VDPH<br />

6XSHULRULW\<br />

D *pQ 7R EH VSDFLRXV<br />

( J<br />

0XVX PRR JHQD QMRRO $ML 0XVX LV WDOOHU WKDQ $ML<br />

6LLV ELL PRR JpQD Up\ VLLV EL 7KLV FKDLU LV ELJJHU WKDQ WKLV FKDLU<br />

7RRO \LL xRR JpQD \DDWX WRRO \LL 7KHVH ILHOGV DUH ZLGHU WKDQ WKHVH ILHOGV<br />

0DQ PDD JpQD JDDWD IDDWX , DP VKRUWHU WKDQ )DWRX<br />

E &RUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH DP SOXV D QRXQ FRQVWUXFWLRQ 7R EULQJ FRPSDULVRQ RI<br />

VXSHULRULW\ ZH XVH ySSD<br />

¼SSD WR EH LQ H[FHVV WR EH WRR ELJ WR EH WRR ODUJH<br />

H J .XPED PRR ySSD $ZD [HO .XPED LV VPDUWHU WKDQ $ZD<br />


<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

XWpH ZXWpH WR EH GLIIHUHQW GLIIHUHQFH<br />

WDDEXO ELL DJ DN WDDEXO EpOp GHx X XWpH WKLV WDEOH DQG WKDW WDEOH DUH GLIIHUHQW<br />

xDDUL FDDEL \L GHx X ZXWpH WKH WZR NH\V DUH GLIIHUHQW<br />

GHx X EHQD PHDQLQJ QRW WKH VDPH LV DOVR XVHG WR H[SUHVV GLIIHUHQFH<br />

H J<br />

*DPEL\D DJ DN DPHHULND GXx X EHQD *DPELD DQG $PHULFD DUH QRW WKH VDPH<br />

6HHQ MLNNR\L GXx X EHQD 7KHLU KDELWV DUH QRW WKH VDPH<br />

,QIHULRULW\<br />


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK 9RFDEXODU\<br />

OHW WKHP HDW WKH ULFH OHNND HDW<br />

OHW WKHP XVH P\ EHG MHIRR XVH<br />

OHW PH FOHDQ WKH SODWHV UD[DV FOHDQ<br />

OHW KHU JR WR 6HHUHNXQGD IHHVDO ILOO<br />

OHW WKHP ILOO WKH EXFNHWV ZLWK ZDWHU GDDQX IDOO<br />

OHW WKH FKDLU IDOO WD[DZ VWDQG<br />

OHW WKH WDEOH VWDQG GLPEDOH KHOS<br />

OHW XV KHOS HDFK RWKHU MHHNDOL FRPSOHWH<br />

OHW PH FRPSOHWH P\ ZRUN URRVH ZDWHU<br />

OHW WKHP ZDWHU WKH JDUGHQ IRU XV DQWH HDFK RWKHU<br />

QDDNR JDUGHQ<br />

0,1,0$/ 9(5%$/ &216758&7,21<br />

7KLV FRQVWUXFWLRQ LV FDOOHG PLQLPDO EHFDXVH LW GRHV QRW XVH WKH SDUWLFOH DQJL QD GDI RU OD 7KH XVH<br />

RI WKLV SDUWLFXODU FRQVWUXFWLRQ LV SUHVHQWHG KHUH ZLWK YHUEV ZH FDOO YHUEV RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 6XFK<br />

YHUEV DUH OLNH ZD[ WR WDON QH WR VD\ DQG DQ\ YHUE WKDW LQKHUHQWO\ FRQWDLQ WKH LGHD RI YROLWLRQ DFW<br />

SRZHU RI XVLQJ RQH V ZLOO RI FKRRVLQJ PDNLQJ D GHFLVLRQ H J EXJJD WR OLNH ZDQW<br />

,Q (QJOLVK WKH LQILQLWLYH ZRXOG EH XVHG IRU WKLV NLQG RI FRQVWUXFWLRQ DV LQ<br />

7HOO KLP WR JR ZD[ NR PX GHP<br />

,Q :RORI WKH PLQLPDO YHUE FRQVWUXFWLRQ FRQVLVW RI WKH VXEMHFW IROORZHG E\ WKH YHUE 7KH<br />

FRPPXQLFDWLYH SURQRXQ WDNH WKH IROORZLQJ IRUPV<br />

68%-(&7 &20081,&$7,9( 3521281<br />

6LQJXODU 3OXUDO<br />

VW 3HUVRQ PD xX<br />

QG 3HUVRQ QJD QJHHQ<br />

UG 3HUVRQ PX xX<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

%XJJD QDD PX xRZ , ZDQW KLP WR FRPH<br />

0X QH QJD GHP +H VDLG \RX JR<br />

:D[ OHHQ xX GXJJD 7HOO WKHP WR JR LQ<br />

([HUFLVH<br />

7UDQVODWH WR (QJOLVK<br />


( ; 3 5 ( 6 6 , 1 * QR ORQJHU DQG QR PRUH<br />

$VWX GRRWXO [DOHO $VWR LV QR ORQJHU D FKLOG<br />

'RRWRR JDQ


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

RI D SURIHVVLRQ EXW PHUHO\ WR D GRRU RI VRPH DFWLRQ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

MDQJD WR WHDFK GDZ WR UXQ<br />

MDQJDOHNDW WHDFKHU GDZNDW UXQQHU<br />

MDD\ WR VHOO xDZ WR VHZ<br />

MDD\NDW VHOOHU xDZNDW WDLORU VHPWUHVV<br />

DDW DDWL DWL<br />

7KH DGGLWLRQ RI WKH VXIIL[ DDW WR YHUE UHVXOWV LQ PRGLILFDWLRQ RI WKH PHDQLQJ LQ JHQHUDOO\ LV WKH VDPH<br />

ZD\ WKH PHDQLQJ RI (QJOLVK YHUEV DUH PRGLILHG E\ WKH SUHIL[ UH WR UHSHDW WKH DFWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\<br />

WKH YHUE EDVH<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

MsO WR WDNH GHIDU WR PDNH<br />

MsODDW WR UHWDNH GHIDUDDW UHPDNH<br />

:KHQ WKH YHUE HQGV LQ D YRZHO RWKHU WKDQ D WKH IRUP RI WKH VXIIL[ LV XVXDOO\ ZDDW 7KH Z LV D<br />

JOLGH LQ SURQRXQFLDWLRQ<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

IDDWH WR IRUJHW LQGL WR EULQJ<br />

IDDWHZDDW WR IRUJHW DJDLQ LQGLZDDW WR EULQJ DJDLQ<br />

GHOOX WR JR EDFN<br />

GHOOXZDDW WR JR EDFN DJDLQ<br />

VLQ<br />

7KH PRVW ZLGHO\ XVHG SUHIL[ LQ ZRORI LV VLQ 7KLV SUHIL[ KDV D GLPLQXWLYH IXQFWLRQ LW LQGLFDWHV D<br />

VPDOO VL]H RI VRPHWKLQJ ,W LV DOVR XVHG WR PDNH WKLQJV SHRSOH ORRN LQVLJQLILFDQW<br />

JROR PRQNH\ VLØRRO D OLWWOH PRQNH\<br />

PXXV FDW VLQPXXV D NLWFKHQ<br />

VRUDDQV RUDQJH VLQVRUDDQV D OLWWOH RUDQJH<br />

GDDOD VKRH VLQGDDOD ZRUWKOHVV VKRH<br />

DQWH<br />

:KHQ DQWH LV DWWDFKHG WR D YHUE D PXWXDO EHQHIDFWLYH VLWXDWLRQ LV FUHDWHG SDUWLHV UHIHUUHG WR<br />

EHQHILWV<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

IyRQ WR NLVV IyRQDQWH WR NLVV HDFK RWKHU<br />

)DDWX DJ DN 2PDU IyRQDQWH QHxX )DDWX DQG 2PDU NLVVHG HDFK RWKHU<br />

,Q VRPH FRQVWUXFWLRQV WKH EHQHIDFWLYH VXIIL[ DO DOVR FRPHV LQWR SOD\<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

IyRW WR ZDVK FORWKHV IyRWDODQWH WR ZDVK FORWKHV IRU HDFK RWKHU<br />

)DDWX DJ DN 2PDU IyRWDODQWH QHxX )DDWX DQG 2PDU ZDVK HDFK RWKHU V FORWKHV<br />

ORR FDXVDWLYH


<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong><br />

7KH DGGLWLRQ RI WKH VXIIL[ ORR WR D YHUE EDVH LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH DFWLRQ RI WKH YHUE KDV EHHQ FDXVHG E\<br />

WKH VXEMHFW RI WKH VHQWHQFH<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

ELQGD WR ZULWH ELQGDORR WR PDNH FDXVHG WR ZULWH<br />

ELQGDORR QDD IDDWX , PDGH FDXVHG IDDWX WR ZULWH<br />

ORR DQWH ORRDQWH PXWXDO FDXVDWLYH<br />

,Q WKH PXWXDO FDXVDWLYH WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQ WDNHV WKH IROORZLQJ IRUP<br />

IRPSD WR ZLSH IRPSDORRDQWH FDXVH WR ZLSH IRU HDFKRWKHU<br />

)RPSDODQWH QHxX WDDEDO EL ZH PDGH FDXVHG HDFKRWKHU ZLSH WKH WDEOH<br />

X HHNX 5HIOH[LYH<br />

7KLV RFFXUV LQ FRQVWUXFWLRQV ZKHUH WKH REMHFW LV WKH VXEMHFW RI WKH VHQWHQFH<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

VDQJD WR EDWKH VDQJX WR EDWKH RQHVHOI<br />

VHOHP WR ZDVK WKH IDFH VHOPX WR ZDVK RQH V IDFH<br />

YHUEV HQGLQJ LQ D LQ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ YHUEV HQGLQJ LQ L WDNH HHNX<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

XEL WR RSHQ XEpHNX WR RSHQ RQHVHOI WR EH RSHQHG<br />

WDDWL WR VWUDLJKWHQ WDDOHHNX WR VWUDLJKWHQ RQHVHOI<br />

WKH L LV GURSSHG LQ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ WR EH VWUDLJWHQHG<br />

DGL<br />

7KH VXIIL[ DGL PRGLILHV WKH YHUE EDVH WR IRUP DQ DQWRQXP RI WKH YHUE 7KH GHULYHG ZRUG IRU<br />

[DP WR NQRZ LV [DPDGL XQNQRZOHGJHDEOH<br />

xRU WR EH FRRNHG xRUDGL WR EH XQFRRNHG<br />

GR\ WR EH HQRXJK GR\DGL WR EH QRW XQZLVH<br />

xRU WR EH ZLVH xRUDGL WR EH VWXSLG<br />

([DPSOHV<br />

VDQJXNDD\ EDWKURRP WRRJXNDD\ FRRNLQJ XWHQVLO<br />

Ep\XNDD\ IDUPLQJ WRRO ySSXNDD\ IDQ<br />

GHxFXNDD\ D VWRUH<br />

HHO<br />

7KH DGGLWLRQ RI WKH VXIIL[ HHO WR D QXPEHU LQGLFDWHV WKH DGMHFWLYH RI WKH QXPEHU 6HH IROORZLQJ<br />

H[DPSOHV<br />

EHQD RQH EHQD ILUVW<br />

xDDU WZR xDDUHHO VHFRQG<br />

xHQHQW IRXU xHQHQWDO IRUWK


Peace Corps The Gambia<br />

IXNND WHQ IXNNpHO WHQWK<br />

xHWWD IXNND WKLUW\ xHWWD IXNNpHO WKLUWKLHWK<br />

WpHPpHU KXQGUHG WpHPpHU JL KXQGUHWK<br />

2QO\ WKH ILJXUHV RQH DQG WHQ EHQD IXNND HQG LQ WKH YRZHO D 7KH\ ORRVH WKH D LQ WKH<br />

FRQQHFWLRQ<br />

OX<br />

7KH VXIIL[ OX LQGLFDWHV D UHODWLRQ RI EHQHIDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH VXEMHFW RI WKH YHUE DQG VRPH WKLUG<br />

SDUW\ LHV<br />

IyRW WR ZDVK FORWKHV<br />

IyRW QDD VXPD VLPLV EL , KDYH KDG P\ VKLUW ZDVK IRU PH<br />

XW WR VHDUFK<br />

XWOX QD WpHUpHP EL KH KDV KLV ERRN VHDUFKHG IRU KLP<br />

L ML GLVSODFHG $FWLYLW\<br />

7KH VXIIL[ L DGGHG WR WKH EDVH RI D YHUE LQGLFDWHV WKDW WKH DFWLRQ RI WKH YHUE ZLOO QRW WDNH SODFH DW<br />

ZKHUH LW ZDV VDLG LQ RWKHU ZRUGV WKHUH PXVW EH VRPH IRUP RI JRLQJ 7KH DFWLYLW\ RI WKH YHUE LV<br />

GLVSODFHG KHQFH WKH QDPH GLVSODFHG DFWLYLW\<br />

URRW WR GUDZ ZDWHU OHNND WR HDW<br />

URRWL WR JR DQG GUDZ ZDWHU OHNNL WR JR DQG HDW<br />

GLQDD URRWL VL WHHQ EL , ZLOO JR DQG GUDZ ZDWHU DW WKH ZHOO<br />

GLQD OHNNL VL ZDDx ZL +H ZLOO JR DQG HDW DW WKH NLWFKHQ<br />

YHUEV HQGLQJ WKH YRZHO D GURS WKH D LQ WKH FRQQHFWLRQ<br />

:KHQ D YHUE HQGV LQ H R X ML LV DGGHG WR WKH YHUE<br />

6HH WKH IROORZLQJ H[DPSOHV<br />

UD[DDVX WR ZDVK<br />

UD[DVXML WR JR DQG ZDVK<br />

PDDQJHH UD[DVXML VL QGDDO PL , DP JRLQJ WR ZDVK DW WKH MDU<br />

WHUH WR SUHYHQW<br />

WHUHML WR JR DQG SUHYHQW<br />

PXQJHH WHUHML [DOH \L [HH[ KH LV JRLQJ WR SUHYHQW WKH NLGV IURP ILJKWLQJ<br />

,Q WKH IROORZLQJ YHUEDO GHULYDWLRQ 7KH YHUEV UHRFFXUV ZLWK WKH VXIIL[ OX WR LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH<br />

DFWLRQ RI WKH YHUE LV QRW SHUIRUPHG LQ WKH VWULFWHVW VHQVH RI WKH WHUP ,W VLPSO\ PHDQV WKDW WKH DFWLRQ<br />

RI WKH YHUE LV SUHWHQGHG E\ WKH SHUVRQ UHIHUUHG WR<br />

6HH WKH IROORZLQJ FRQVWUXFWLRQV<br />

OHNND WR HDW PXQ WR EH DEOH WR<br />

OHNND OHNNDOX WR SUHWHQG WR HDW PXQ PXQOX WR SUHWHQG WR EH DEOH<br />

JLV WR VHH<br />

JLV JLVOX WR SUHWHQG WR VHH<br />


0XQJHH OHNND OHNNDOX +H VKH LV SUHWHQGLQJ WR HDW<br />

<strong>Wollof</strong> <strong>Manual</strong>

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!