Women and Sexual and Reproductive Health - Ishar Multicultural ...

WANAWAKE NA AFYA YA KUJAMIIANA NAUZAZIHospitalI ya Kifalme ya WanawakeUpangaji Uzazi VictoriaTangazo la Women's Health VictoriaLevel 1, 123 Lonsdale StreetMelbourne Victoria 3000, Australia(Sanduku la Posta 1160 Melbourne, 3001)Simu: 03 9662 3755Nukushi: 03 9663 7955Barua Pepe:whv@whv.org.auTovuti:://www.whv.org.auTangazo La Kwanza 2006© Hospitali ya Kifalme ya WanawakeUpangaji Uzazi Victoria

Wanawake na Afya ya Kujimiiana na UzaziUtanguliziKujamiiana na afya ya uzazi ni kipengele muhimu katika kuunda jinsi wanawakewanavyoendeleza na kudumisha uhusiano wenye maana baina ya watu; thamini miiliyao; husiana na watu wengineo; dhihirisha huba, mapenzi, na urafiki wa ndani; nakwa hiari, kuzaa watoto 1 .Jukumu la kujamiiana hutambulika kwa kurejelea majukumu ambayo mara nyingihayapindiki yaliyo pangiwa na mfumo wa jamii kwa watu kwa madini ya ujinsia 2 .Utendaji wa tuhuma tu kuhusu wanawake, uhusiano wao pamoja na hiari za maishayao kwa madini ya kutambulika yaweza kuathari afya ya kujamiiana pamoja na uzazi.Tofauti za JinsiaKwa wanawake, maswala ya afya ya kujamiiana na uzazi hujitoa kitofauti kuliko yaleya wanaume.• Asilimia kumi na sita nukta tisa(16.9%) ya wake wameripoti kuwawameshatambuliwa kuwa na maradhi ya zinaa (STI) au maradhi ya virusi vyadamu katika wakati fulani maishani mwao 3 .• Genital warts, chlamydia, na genital herpes ni magonjwa ya kawaida katikawanawake kuliko wanaume3 .• Ingawa maradha ya chlamydia mara nyingi hayana dalili zozote katikawanawake, yanaweza kuwa na athari ya muda mrefu kwa afya yao, hatautasa 4 .• Wanawake walio na maradhi ya chlamydia wako mara tatu hadi tano zaidi5kuelekea kuwaambukizwa na virusi vya Ukimwi (HIV) waki uwazi kwa virusi .• Wanawake waweza kuadhiriwa zaidi kutoka kwa uambukizaji kutoka kwamwanaume au mpenzi aliye na virusi vya Ukimwi (HIV) wakatiwanapojamiiana bila kutumia mipira ya upangaji uzazi kuliko mwanaumekupatwa na virusi vya Ukimwi (HIV) kutoka kwa mwanamke au mwandanialiye na virusi vya Ukimwi (HIV)6 .Tofauti za UjinsiaWanawake wana uwazi kwa mkazo wa ujamii tofauti kuliko wanaume; hii yawezakuzidisha hatari ya kapata uzoefu duni wa afya ya kujamiiana na uzazi.• Ingawa asilimia tisini (90%) ya wanawake waliyo na umri wa miaka kumi nasita hadi kumi na tisa (16-19) hutumia kinzamimba ili kuepukana na kupatamamba, jinsi ya kinzamimba ni duni zaidi kuelekea kuwa mipira ya upangajiuzazi 1 . Swala hili nilisumbufu kwa sababu mipira hii ya kupanga uzazi ndiokinga bora zaidi ya kuepukana na hatari kuambukizwa maradhi ya zinaa(STI).• Asilimia sabini na tano (75%) ya kesi za maradhi ya chlamydia zilizotaarifiwakwenye Victoria ni vijana wachanga chini ya miaka ishirini na tisa (29).Kiwango cha taarifa ya maradhi ya chlamydia ni mara mbili zaidi kwawanawake kuliko wanaume 7 .• Wanaume ni duni kuelekea kuliko wanawake kuwafahamisha wapenzi wao8wa kujamiiana kuwa wana maradhi ya zinaa (STI) .• Isitoshe, wanawake wanajukumu kuu la kutumia kinzamimba.• Moja kati ya wanawake watano ameshurutishwa kufanya mapenzi, na kwasababu hii wako zaidi kuelekea kupata uzoefu wa dhiki ya kisaikolojia 9 .• Ukosefu wa ziada kwa huduma za kuto mamba humu Victoria huzuia zaidiuwezo wa wanawake kutawala afya yao ya uzazi, hasa katika maeneo yamashambani na maeneo ya mikoa mbalimbali10 .

• Wanawake wanaoishi katika maeneo ya mashambani mara nyingi huwa nauzoefu wa shida ya kupata huduma, kulipa zaidi kwa huduma nawanahangaika kuhusu siri na ukosefu wa huduma zinazofaa 11,12,13 .• Wanawake kutoka utamaduni na kabila namna mbalimbali wako duni zaidikuelekea kutumia huduma kuliko wanawake waliozaliwa Australia12 .Vidokezi kwa siku za BaadayeKuhusu afya yao ya kujamiiana na uzazi, wanawake huhitaji ziada kwa chaguololote, wanahitajika kupatiwa hiari ya huduma isiyo kikomo, pamoja na kusaidiwakatika uamuzi wao.Hati zitafaa zaidi kama zitatambua kuwa afya ya kujamiiana na uzazi imeshikamanana wajihi nyinginezo za afya – hasa afya ya akili – na kuchangia kwa ujumla wa afyana neema ya mtu binafsi.Usogelevu unaopatana kwa elimu ya afya ya kujamiiana na uzazi yahitajikakushawishi usogeleaji wa kama shule nzima ya elimu ya kujamiiana.Uangalifu wahitajika katika kusisitiza dhamana ya kuendeleza mbinu ya kimataifa yaujinsia pamoja na afya ya uzazi na zaidi kwa mbinu ya kimataifa ya uambukizaji wamagonjwa ya ujinsia (2005-2008) ambayo hutenganisha afya ya uzazi kutoka kwaafya ya ujinsia.1 Family Planning Victoria, Royal Women’s Hospital and Centre for Adolescent Health. TheSexual and Reproductive Health of Young Victorians.2 Women’s Health Association of Victoria (2001) Position Paper on Gender & Practice.Women’s Health Association of Victoria.3 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2004). Australia’s Health 2004 9th BiennialReport, Australian Government: Canberra4 Children Youth and Women’s Health Service (2006) Chlamydia,http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=240&np=299&id=2092#1Accessed 22/05/065 Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). Tracking the Hidden Epidemics: Trendsin STDs in the United States 2000,http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Stats_Trends/Trends2000.pdf Accessed 22/05/066 Positive Women (2006). Frequently Asked Questionshttp://www.positivewomen.org.au/content/view/15/42/ Accessed 22/05/067 Public Health Division, Victorian Government Department of Human Services (2001)Chlamydia Strategy for Victoria 2001-2004. Department of Human Services, Melbourne.8 Warszawski J & Meyer L. Sex Difference in Partner Notification: Results from ThreePopulation Based Surveys in France. Sexually Transmitted Infections 2002; 78(1): 45-49.9 De Visser R O, Smith A M, Rissel C E, Richters J & Grulich A E. Sex in Australia:Experiences of Sexual Coercion in a Representative Sample of Adults. Australian and NewZealand Journal of Public Health 2003; 27(2): 198-203.10 Rice K (2004) Abortion Issues Paper. Women’s Health Victoria, Melbourne.

11 Wallace, C (2004). Bendigo-Loddon Primary Partnership Community Health Plan 2004-2006, http://www.health.vic.gov.au/pcps/downloads/chps/bendigoloddon04_06.pdf Accessed22/05/0612 Women’s Health Victoria (2002). A Snapshot of the Health and Wellbeing of VictorianWomen in 2002. Department of Human Services.13 Worley PS. Good health to rural communities? Rural and Remote Health, 2004;4: 292.