Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>la</strong>{<strong>ksik</strong>{<strong>kj</strong>¼bl iqLrd esa iz;qDr dsoy izeq[k <strong>la</strong>{<strong>ksik</strong>{<strong>kj</strong>ksa dks uhps lwphc) fd;k x;k gS½vñnzñeqñdñvUuk nzfo.k equs= d"k?kevñxñiñvle x.k ifj"kn~vñHkkñvñnzñeqñdñvf[ky Hk<strong>kj</strong>rh; vUuk nzfo.k equs= d"k?ke,ñvkbZñv<strong>kj</strong>ñvkWy bafM;k fjiksVZj,ñihñ,pñ,yñlhñ vkWy ikVhZ fgy yhMlZ dkWuQsjsalifjñifjf'k"VvuqñvuqPNsn@Hk<strong>kj</strong>r ds <strong>la</strong>fo/kku ds vuqPNsn,ñVhñv<strong>kj</strong>ñdh xbZ dk;Zokgh izfrosnu,ñohñv<strong>kj</strong>ñLopkfyr er fjdkWMZjdkñeñlñdk;Z ea=.kk lfefrHkkñtñikñHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; turk ikVhZHkkñØkañnñHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; Økafr nyHkkñyksñnñHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; yksd nylñlñ I/IIjkT; lHkk <strong>la</strong>lnh; lekp<strong>kj</strong>—Hkkx I/IIlhñ ,aM ,ñ thñHk<strong>kj</strong>r ds fu;a=d egkys[kk ijh{kdlhñokn&fookn esa dkWyelhñ,ñ fMcsñ<strong>la</strong>fo/kku lHkk dk okn&fooknlhñ,lñ fMcsñjkT; lHkk okn&fookndsñvñC;wñdsUnzh; vUos"k.k C;wjkslhñlhñVhñohñDyksTM lfdZV Vsyhfotulhñthñ,pñ,lñdsUnzh; ljd<strong>kj</strong> LokLF; ;kstuklhñ,pñvksñthñ,eñ jk"Vªdqy 'kkluk/;{kksa dk lEesyulñvkñ<strong>la</strong>oS/kkfud vkns'k<strong>la</strong>fo/kkuHk<strong>kj</strong>r dk <strong>la</strong>fo/kkulhñvksñihñfo'ks"kkf/kd<strong>kj</strong> lfefr
xivdks IykWVlhñvksñihñ;wñlhñvksñ,lñ,yñdkmuñlhñihñvkbZñlhñihñvkbZñ ¼,eñ½lhv<strong>kj</strong>ñihñlhñlhñv<strong>kj</strong>ñihñ,QñjkñlñMhñ,ñfMdñMkbtsLVnzñ eqñ dñMhñihñ,ñMhñ,lñihñMhVhbZMh,uñ ¼<strong>la</strong>Ldñ½bZñ ,yñ v<strong>kj</strong>ñ,Vñ fldñ,Vñ ,yñ,DlIysñ,DLVñ,Qñ,uñ,Qñ uañ,QñchñxtVxtñ ,DLVñthñ,uñ,yñ,QñlHkk iVy ij j[ks x, i=ksa <strong>la</strong>ca/kh lfefrljd<strong>kj</strong>h miØeksa <strong>la</strong>ca/kh lfefrv/khuLFk fo/kku <strong>la</strong>ca/kh lfefrx.kukHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; lkE;oknh nyHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; lkE;oknh ny ¼ekDlZoknh½naM izfØ;k <strong>la</strong>fgrkdsUnzh; fjtoZ iqfyl cyjkT; lHkknSfud HkÙkk?kks"k.kkikfyZ;kesaVjh fizfoystst MkbtsLV vkWQ dslst ¼1950&85½yksd lHkk lfpoky;nzfo.k equs= d"k?kefoHkkx@<strong>la</strong>lnh; dk;Z ea=ky;yksdrkaf=d lektoknh nyr<strong>kj</strong>h[k<strong>la</strong>Ldj.kfuokZpu dkuwu izfrosnu,Vñ flDosal ¼flDosafl;k½ ¼vkSj tks ckn esa vkrk gS½vkSj vU;Li"Vhdj.kvlk/k<strong>kj</strong>.kikn&fVIi.<strong>kj</strong>kT; lHkk lfpoky; esa Qkby <strong>la</strong>[;k( <strong>la</strong>[;k ds var eas ,d v{<strong>kj</strong>tks Qkby j[kus okys vuqHkkx dk <strong>la</strong>f{kIr uke bafxr djrk gSQkWjoMZ CykWdjkti=vlk/k<strong>kj</strong>.k jkti=xksj[kk us'kuy fycjs'ku Qz aV
xvthñ ihñ lhñgalkMZ,pñ chñ,pñ lhñ,pñ vksñ ihñ,pñ ihñ fMcsVgkmlgkmlsl&ogh&vkbZñ ,yñ v<strong>kj</strong>ñbu jhbaMñbaQz kbalñtsñ ,aM dsñtsñ lhñ vksñ ihñtñ nñtsñ ,uñ ;wñtsñ ihñ lhñdkSy ,aM 'kd/<strong>kj</strong>dsñ ,eñ ihñ ihñ,yñ vksñ chñyksdñ flVñ,yñ ihñ Vhñ,yñ ,lñ,yñ ,lñ cqysfVu (I)/(II),yñ ,lñ fMcsñ,yñ ,lñ v<strong>kj</strong>ñlkekU; iz;kstu lfefrgkml vkWQ dkWeUl okn&fooknlnL;ksa ds fy, fnXnf'kZdkmPp U;k;ky;yksd lHkkyksd lHkk okn&fooknjkT; lHk<strong>kj</strong>kT; lHkk vkSj yksd lHkkmlh LFkku ijHk<strong>kj</strong>rh; fof/k izfrosnuds ekeys esafunZyh;uhpsvar% LFkkfirtEew vkSj d'ehjykHk ds inksa <strong>la</strong>ca/kh <strong>la</strong>;qDr lfefrturk nytokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;<strong>la</strong>;qDr <strong>la</strong>lnh; lfefr^iSzfDVl ,aM izksfltj vkWQ ikfyZ;kesaV*&,eñ ,uñ dkSy vkSj,lñ ,yñ 'kd/<strong>kj</strong>] pkSFkk <strong>la</strong>Ldj.k] 1991fdlku etnwj iztk ikVhZdk;kZofymn~/k`r LFkku ijfuEu 'kfDr VªkalehVjyksd lHkkyksd lHkk <strong>la</strong>lnh; lekp<strong>kj</strong> Hkkx (I)/(II)yksd lHkk okn&fooknyksd lHkk fu;elj FkkWel ,jLdkbu es*t VªhVht vkWu n ykW] fizosystst] izkslhfMaXl,aM ;wlst vkWQ ikfyZ;kesaV] 21oka <strong>la</strong>Ldj.k] 1989 ¼tc rdvU;Fkk mfYyf[kr u gks½
xvifeuñea=ky;ehlkvkarfjd lqj{kk vf/kfu;e,eñ ,yñeqfLye yhx,eñ ,yñ ,ñfo/kk;d,eñ ,yñ lhñlnL;] fo/kku ifj"knfeuV~llfefr dh cSBd ds dk;Zo`Ùk,eñihñ<strong>la</strong>ln~ lnL;,eñ ihñ ihñef.kiqj fiiqYl ikVhZ,uñ lhñus'kuy dkWuQz ssalusQkukWFkZ bZLVuZ ¼iwoksZÙ<strong>kj</strong>½ Qz afV;j ,tsUlhuañ<strong>la</strong>[;kuksfeus'kuukekafdr@ukekaduuksfVñvf/klwpukvksñ ,eñ ¼dkñ Kkkñ½ dk;kZy; Kkkiuvksiñ flVñmn~/k`r iqLrd esai`ñi`"Bihñ ,ñ lhñyksd ys[kk lfefrikfyZñ fMcsV<strong>la</strong>lnh; okn&fooknihñ lhñ;kfpdk lfefrihñ Mhñfizfoyst MkbtsLV] yksd lHkk lfpoky;isIlwifV;kyk ,aM bZLV iatkc LVsV~l ;wfu;uihñ ,lñ ihñiztk lektoknh nyihñ ,lñ ;wñljd<strong>kj</strong>h {ks= ds miØeikVZHkkxihñ MCY;wñ ihñfdlku dkex<strong>kj</strong> ikVhZv<strong>kj</strong>ñ ihñ vf/kfu;e ;FkkfLFkfr yksd izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e] 1950 ;k 1951v<strong>kj</strong>ñ@v<strong>kj</strong>ñ ,lñ@fu;e jkT; lHkk dh izfØ;k vkSj dk;Z&<strong>la</strong>pkyu fo"k;d fu;eksa ds fu;evFkok dk fu;ev<strong>kj</strong>ñ lhñfu;e lfefrjhñds <strong>la</strong>ca/k esa
xviiv<strong>kj</strong>ñ ihñv<strong>kj</strong>ñ ihñ vkbZñv<strong>kj</strong>ihVhñv<strong>kj</strong>ñ ,lñ fMcsñv<strong>kj</strong>ñ ,lñ ihñ,lñ@,lñ ,lñ,lñ lhñ,lñ lhñ@,lñ Vhñ,lñ lhñ ,ñ,llh,pñ,lñ lhñ v<strong>kj</strong>ñlfpoky;,lñ vkbZñ,lñ vksñ,lñ ihñ,lñ D;wñ,lñ ,lñ ihñrsñ nsñ ikñ;wñ ,ñ ,eñ;wñ Mhñ ,Qñ;wñ dsñ;wñ ihñ thñ;wñ ihñ ,lñ lhñ;w,lñ D;wñohñ@oksY;wñohñ@oh,lñMCY;wñ bZñ ,QñfjifCydu ikVhZfjifCydu ikVhZ vkWQ bafM;kfjiksVZjkT; lHkk okn&fooknfjoksY;w'kujh lks'kfyLV ikVhZvf/kfu;e dh /k<strong>kj</strong>k ¼/k<strong>kj</strong>k,a½mPpre U;k;ky;vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfrmPpre U;k;ky; vihyvuqlwphmPpre U;k;ky; fjiksVZjjkT; lHkk lfpoky;;qqxir Hkk"kkUrj.kLFkk;h vkns'klektoknh ikVhZr<strong>kj</strong>kafdr iz'u<strong>la</strong>;qDr lektoknh ikVhZrsyqxq ns'ke ikVhZ;wukbVsM ,lksfl,'ku vkWQ esEclZ<strong>la</strong>;qDr yksdrkaf=d QzaV;wukbVsM fdaXMe<strong>la</strong>;qDr <strong>la</strong>lnh; xzqi<strong>la</strong>?k yksd lsok vk;ksxvr<strong>kj</strong>kafdr iz'uoksY;wecukels
![jkT; lHkk% fodkl] 'kfDr;ka vkSj fLFkfr](https://img.yumpu.com/48829500/1/184x260/jkt-lhkk-fodkl-kfdrka-vksj-flfkfr.jpg?quality=85)
Change language