38145469

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti; 

qristianobis istoriis mimarTuleba da 

studentTa samecniero-kvleviTi centri (Tbilisi) 

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbisisi State University, 

Faculity of Humanities. History of Christianity and 

Center of students’s in the History of Christianity (Tbilisi) 

qristianobis kvlevebi 

Christian Researches 

I 

gamomcemloba ùniversali~ 

Tbilisi 2008 

Tbilisi 2008

Q~qristianobis kvlevebi” warmoadgens qristianobis 

istoriisa da masTan momqmedi studentTa samecniero 

wris periodul gamocemas. Jurnali interdisciplinuria 

da misi pirveli tomi eTmoba 

studentTa samecniero konferenciis_~qristianoba 

da kultura” _masalebs. 

redaqtori: qeTevan pavliaSvili 

profesori, istoriis mecnierebaTa 

doqtori. 

recenzentebi: 1) giorgi oTxmezuri 

profesori, istoriis mecnierebaTa 

doqtori. 

2) giorgi papuaSvili 

docenti, istoriis mecnierebaTa 

kandidati 

gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2008 

Tbilisi, 0179, i. WavWavaZis gamz. 19, (: 22 36 09, 8(99) 17 22 30 

E-mail: universal@internet.ge 

ISBN 978-9941-12-265-1 

2

sarCevi 

mariam nozaZe 

qristianobis safuZvlebis sakiTxi 

gviandeli stoicizmis warmomadgenelTa 

naazrevSi ................................................................................................ 5 

mixeil qarTveliSvili 

erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi identurobis 

problema ioseb stalinis TxzulebebSi ............ 20 

ana doliZe 

religiuri motivebis zogierTi aspeqti 

ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi ..................................... 28 

daviT rekvava 

xeTebis gansaxlebisa da eTnikuri vinaobis 

sakiTxi bibliis mixedviT .................................................. 38 

arCil xaCiZe 

saeklesio Semosavlebis gankargvis da 

klirikosTa Senaxvis sakiTxebi Crd. afrikis 

eklesiaSi ................................................................................................ 46 

Tamar adamia 

“wminda ninos cxovrebis” paradigmatuli 

saxismetyveleba. xis simbolika .................................... 57 

gvanca burduli 

wminda mamaTa swavlebani siyvarulisa da 

sinanulisaTvis (basili didi, ioane 

oqropiri, efrem asuri) ......................................................... 67 

giorgi gelutaSvili 

ierusalimis jvris monastris metoqi 

jvarismamis eklesia TbilisSi..................................... 76 

3

naTia Skubuliani 

mcire sjuliskanonisa da Tanamedrove 

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 

SedarebiTi analizisaTvis 

(mkvlelobis Sesaxeb) ................................................................. 87 

eTer bokelavaZe 

saeklesio-istoriul safuZvelTa 

falsifikaciisaTvis kosovosa da afxazeTSi 

(istoriuli paralelebi) .................................................... 96 

cira SaloSvili 

~didi sjuliskanonisa~ da saqarTvelos 

sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsebis 

SedarebiTi analizi (qonebrivi sakuTrebis 

winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebebi) ............... 119 

giorgi metreveli 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgilis 

istoriisaTvis msoflio marTlmadideblur 

diptixSi .................................................................................................. 133 

sandro nikolaiSvili 

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierToba 

adre Sua saukuneebSi ............................................................. 142 

Tamar tlaSaZe 

wmindanTa kanonizaciis evolucia 

dasavleTis eklesiaSi ........................................................ 155 

4

mariam nozaZe 


Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

I kursi 

qristianobis safuZvlebis sakiTxi 

gviandeli stoicizmis warmomadgenelTa 

naazrevSi 

qristianobis warmoSobis Taobaze arsebul 

mraval polemikur mosazrebas Soris erT-erTi 

aris versia, romlis mixedviTac qristianobis safuZlebi 

gviandeli stoicizmis wiaRSi unda veZioT. 

upirveles yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom stoiciozmi 

Zv.w III saukunidan mkvidrdeba saberZneT- 

Si, rogorc filisofiuri mimdinareoba, romlis 

fuZemdebelia Zenon kitioneli (Zv.w 335-262 ww) 1 

stoicizmi dayofilia sam periodad da swored mesames, 

gviandel stoicizms ukavSireben qristianobas, 

kerZod, gviandeli stoicizmis (ax.w. I s. ) sam 

gamoCenil filosofoss: lucius anius senekas, 

epiqtetesa da markus avrelius antoninuss. 

sanam uSualod sakiTxis ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, 

saWirod migvaCnia, aRvniSnoT, Tu ra gav- 

1 

r. gordeziani, m. danelia, Sesavali klasikur 

filologiaSi, 2007, gv 217 

5

lena hqonda imdroindel politikur viTarebas 

sazogadoebasa da, gansakuTrebiT, filosofiur 

skolebze. ax.w. I saukuneSi imperator oqtavianes 

mmarTvelobidan moyolebuli (DZv.w 27 w. ) romSi, 

formalurad, respublikuri mmarTveloba SenarCunebuli 

iyo, magram princepsi, (anu “pirveli pirvelTa 

Soris” ) saTaveSi edga magistratebsac da 

senatsac. faqtobrivad, imperia erTi piris mier 

imarTeboda, rac , upirveles yovlisa, niSnavda 

imas, rom filosofia imperatoris survilebis 

gavlenis qveS mainc eqceoda, winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad. 

amis magaliTia senekas is traqtatebi, 

romlebic ideurad neronis mmarTvelobas upirispirdeba 

(romelTa gamoc gauCnda senekas mowinaaRmdegeebi). 

Tumca, aseve, gavlenis sasargeblo 

formis arsebobac SeiniSneba: rogorc cnobilia, 

markus avreliusi exmareboda filosofiur skolebs 

aTenSi. man daaarsa kaTedrebi, romlebsac 

ori mowinaaRmdege filosofiuri mimdinareobis, 

stoicizmisa da epikureizmis popularizacia unda 

gaewiaT 2 . gavlenis avkargianobis miuxedavad, faqtia, 

rom politika da filosofia mWidrod iyo 

dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan. albaT, es gaxda mize- 

2 markus avreliusi fiqrebi, Targmani b.bregvaZisa 1984, 

gv 39, winasityvaoba 

6

zi imisa, rom XX saukunis mecnierebi saubroben 

imis Taobaze, Tu ramdenad axlos iyo im period- 

Si dabal fenebSi gavrcelebuli da politikurad 

devnili qristianuli ideologia da filosofiis 

esa Tu is mimdinareoba. ase magaliTad, q-ni meri 

WeliZe Tavis or naSromSi “elinizmis filosofia” 

(1992 w. Tb.) da “elinizmis filosofia adreul 

qristianul epoqaSi” (1998 w. Tb.) stoikos filosofosTa 

naSromebis ganxilvisas wers, rom 

qristianobis wanamZRvrebi swored stoicizmis wiaRSi 

momzadda da, rom maTma Semoqmedebam Teoriuli 

safuZveli moumzada qristianobas. 

gansxavebul daskvnamde mivyavarT gviandeli 

stoikosebis biografiul cnobebs. aq, ra Tqma unda, 

igulisxmeba is cnobebi da varaudebi, romlebic 

istoriulad SemogvrCa da, romlebze dayrdnobiTac, 

vfiqrob, warmoiSveba sawinaaRmdego 

mosazreba. biografiaze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, 

Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs maTi azrovnebis gamovlenas 

da xorcSesxmas realobaSi, radgan qmedeba, 

upirvelesad, ganpirobebulia msoflmxedvelobiTa 

da miznebiT. es ori motivi ki metad Taviseburi 

iyo I saukunis romSi. am periodSi sazogadoebis 

yvela fenaSi igrZnoba ampartavnebiTa da pativmoyvareobiT 

ganpirobebuli gulgriloba garkveul 

7

RirebulebaTa mimarT. saberZneTis diadi kulturis 

saxecvlileba da daknineba romis yoveldRiurobis 

maxasiaTebelia. stoeli filosofosebi, 

eladuri kulturis gavleniT, am idealebis misaRwevad 

axal gzebs eZieben. es maT traqtatebSi naTlad 

ikveTeba, magram biografiuli cnobebi, garkveulwilad, 

sapirispiroze metyvelebs da eWvqveS 

ayenebs filosofosTa miznebis gansazRvris sakiTxs. 

gviandeli stoicizmis pirveli warmomadgeneli 

lucius anius seneka (Zv.w. 4 – ax.w. 62 ww.) ma- 

Ral senatorul sazogadoebas miekuTvneboda. man 

kargi ganaTleba miiRo da 31 wels, egviptidan 

dabrunebulma, iurisprudenciaSi saqmianoba daiwyo 

3 . karieris dasawyisSi igi Tavisi filosofiuri 

SexedulebebiT cdilobda, gavlena moexdina imdroindel 

politikaze, magram es survili warumatebeli 

aRmoCnda. mas araerTi brali wauyena imperatorma 

klavdiusma, ris Semdegac kunZul korsikaze 

gadaasaxles. romSi igi mxolod 49 wels 

dabrunda dedofal agripinas SemweobiT da misi 

vaJis, neronis aRmzrdelad dainiSna. neronis taxtze 

asvlis Semdeg ki (54 w.) udides politikur 

3 

r. gordeziani, n. tonia, antikuri literatura 2007, 

gv 373 

8

figurad iqca. am xanaSi senekas qoneba sagrZnoblad 

gaizarda da is erT-erT umdidresi kaci gaxda 

romSi. Tumca mis imdroindel traqtatebSi 

vawydebiT, rom igi materialuri faseulobebis 

warmavlobaze “qadagebs” simdidris dagrovabis 

paralelurad. am da sxva saxis acilebas xSirad 

ganumartavs megobrebs da ambobs, rom misTvis ar 

aris aucilebeli im “sikeTeebiT” cxovreba, romlebzec 

wers: ”me ara var brZeni... amitom miznad 

ar visaxav mivaRwio mTlian srulyofilebas, aramed 

me minda mxolod ugunur adamianze ukeTesi 

viyo...” 4 kidev erTi aspeqti, romelzec seneka msjelobs, 

aris socialuri Tanasworobis sakiTxi. igi 

araerTgzis ganixilavs Tavis SromebSi monaTa 

problemas: ” mona adamiania, Tanaswori sxva adamianisa. 

monis sulSi iseTivea siamaye, pativmoyvareoba, 

simamace, didsulovneba, rogorc sxva adamianebSi, 

rogoric ar unda iyos maTi sazogadoebrivi 

mdgomareoba... me metyvian: isini xom monebi arian, 

magram im monas aqvs Tavisufali suli” 5 . 

am da sxva Tamamma gancxadebebma mecnierebis 

garkveuli nawili miiyvana im mosazrebamde, rom 

4 m. WeliZe, elinizmis filosofia, 1992, gv 274 

5 m. WeliZe, dasax. naSr. gv 275 

9

senekas Tavisi kacTmoyvare werilebiT aucileblad 

eqneboda kavSiri qristianobasTan, maT Soris 

m. WeliZis zemoTxsenebul naSromSi aRniSnulia: “ 

sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rom senekas eTikis saxiT 

qristianobis wanamZRvrebi momzadda, rom seneka 

iyo qristianobis biZa, masTan Teologiam moraluri 

dasabuTeba moipova, radgan adamianis mier 

zneobrivi movaleobebis dacva RmerTis arsebobis 

gamarTlebul erT-erT argumentad Camoyalibda 

“. 

6 

sainteresoa, am mosazrebis gamoTqmis dros, 

gaTvaliswinebuli iqna Tu ara senekas piradi 

cxovrebis gza, radgan Tu sakiTxs sxva kuTxiT 

SevxedavT, davinaxavT, rom Cvens xelT arsebuli 

istoriuli cnobebidan gamomdinare, dasaSvebia varaudi 

imisa, rom seneka “aRiarebebs” Tavdacvis 

mizniT werda. ufro zustad, Tavisi politikuri 

poziciebis SesaniRbavad mas, ubralod, sWirdeboda 

Tavdacva im ideiT, rom sikeTis mTesveli 

iyo. aq, ra Tqma unda, niSandoblivia is faqti, 

rom senekas mravali mowinaaRmdege gauCnda, maT 

Soris imperator neronis saxiT. istoriulad 

cnobilia, rom aRmzrdelisa da aRzrdilis urTi- 

6 

m. WeliZe, dasax. naSr, gv 272 

10

erToba, sawyisi etapisagan gansxvavebiT, droTa 

ganmavlobaSi ufro da ufro garTulda. miuxedavad 

imisa, rom Tavis swavlebebSi seneka zneobriobisaken 

mouwodebs nerons da traqtatSi “Semwynareblobis 

Sesaxeb” igi mmarTvelis idealur saxes 

warmoaCens, misi aRsazrdeli ver gaxda znesruli 

monarqi da aRmzrdelTan dapirispirebiT, upirveles 

yovlisa, mis moZRvrebas aRudga win. es dapirispireba, 

sabolood, neronis xeliT sikvdils 

uqadda senekas, magram aq filosofosma Caidina 

qristianuli TvalsazrisiT yvelaze gaumarTlebeli 

saqcieli: abazanaSi venebi gadaiWra da Tavi 

moikla. es faqti, upirvelesad, logikurad migvi- 

TiTebs imaze, rom senekas SeuZlebelia hqonoda 

rwmena qristianobisa, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi igi 

aucileblad Tamamad Sexvdeboda gardauval sikvdils 

da sicocxles TviTmkvlelobiT ar daasrulebda. 

7 miT umetes, rom mas mravali magaliTi 

hqonda imisa, Tu rogor SeeZloT Tavis gawirva 

ideologiisaTvis ubralo adamianebs. raRa Tqma 

unda, aq igulisxmeba qristianTa masobrivi Jleti- 

7 

mecnierTa nawili am nabijs, ubralod, stuikuri 

moZRvrebis praqtikul cxovrebaSi realizebad miiCnevs, 

r.gordeziani, m. danelia, Sesavali klasikur 

filologiaSi, 2007, gv 217, Tbilisi 

11

sa da Seviwroebis faqtebi, romlebic neronis 

epoqaSi arnaxuli simravliT gamoirCeoda. 

8 

12 

gviandeli stoicizmis meore warmomadgeneli 

epiqtete (50-138 ax.ww.) monad hyavda neronis yofil 

monas epafrodites, romlis dawinaurebis 

Semdeg, epiqtete ganTavisuflda. gaazatebis Semdeg 

man filosofias miuZRvna Tavi da 89 wels nikopolSi 

daaarsa filosofiuri skola. 9 misi narkvevebidan 

Cvenamde mxolod mcire nawilma moaRwia. 

es gasakviri arcaa, radgan epiqtetes Tavad 

araferi dauweria; misi moZRvreba Semogvinaxa istorikos 

Flavius adrianes wignma “mogonebebi 

epiqteteze” 10 . am cnobebis mixedviT, igi TxzulebebSi 

saubrobs eTikaze, rogorc filosofiuri 

moZRvrebis umTavres sakiTxze. aseve, ganixilavs 

monobis sakiTxs da wers, rom mona SeiZleba ufro 

metad iyos Tavisufali, vidre batoni. misi mosazrebiT, 

namdvili Tavisufleba Sinagania: ” wamarTviT 

Cemi sxeuli, qoneba, patiosneba, ojaxi, 

magram Cemi azrebi da neba aravis SeuZlia wamar- 

Tvas, aravis SeuZlia daTrgunos” 11 . mecnierTa nawili 

aqac imave pozicias inarCunebs; m. WeliZis 

8 

g. koplataZe, dasax. naSr. gv 40-48 

9 

m. WeliZe, dasax. naSr. gv 277 

10 

b. bregvaZe, dasax. naSr. gv 280 

11 

m. WeliZe, dasax. naSr, gv 279

“elinizmis filosofiaSi” epiqtetesTan dakavSirebiT 

aRniSnulia, rom : “eptqtetes moZRvreba, senekasTan 

erTad, imis nimuSia, gviandeli stoicizmis 

formiT rogor mzaddeboda adrindeli qristianobis 

epoqa Tavisi axali moraluri normebiT, 

moTxovnilebebiT da interesebiT” 12 . epiqtetes 

dros, marTlac, mzaddeboda ideologia qristianobis 

momZlavrebisaTvis, magram epiqtetes miCneva 

qristanobis fuZemdeblad misi SemorCenili Sromebis 

mTavar aspeqtTa gaTvaliswinebiT sakmarisi 

ar aris. Aaq, erTi mxriv, ufro mniSvnelovania 

epiqtetes socialuri mdgomareoba. bunrebrivia, 

Tavisuflebis mopovebis Semdeg yvela adamiani daiwyebda 

brZolas monaTa eqspulataciis winaaRmdeg. 

gansakuTrebiT ki swavluli epiqtete ar 

darCeboda umoqmedod. igi, marTalia, ewinaaRmdegeba 

monobas da Tanasworobis moTxovniT gamodis, 

magram es ar unda iyos safuZvliani argumenti 

imisaTvis, rom epiqtete qristianobis fuZemdeblad 

miviCioT. miT umetes, romQI saukunidan ukve 

sagrZnoblad gaizarda monaTa uflebebis damcvelTa 

ricxvi. amas adasturebs Tavad imperator 

markus avreliusis gadwyvetileba monaTa uflebe- 

12 

m. WeliZe, dasax. naSr. gv 282 

13

is gazrdis gamo; maT Soris aRsaniSnavia is faqti, 

rom am reformis Semdeg monis mokvla danaSaulad 

CaiTvala da, aseve, monas mieniWa sasamar- 

Tlos winaSe wardgomis ufleba. es imaze metyvelebs, 

rom monaTa ganTavisuflebaze msjeloba imdroisaTvis 

Cveuli movlenaa. iuristTa nawili ki 

dResac fiqrobs, rom romaulma stoicizmma pirvelad 

Sexeda monas, rogorc sruluflebian adamians. 

13 

gansxvavebulia gviandeli stoicizmis mesame 

warmomadgenlis markus avrelius antoninus avgustusis 

(121-180 ax.w ) cxovrebis gza da mis Sesaxeb 

SemorCenili arc Tu ise mwiri cnobebi. igi 

taxtze 40 wlisa avida 161 wels. 14 istorikosis 

cnobiT, igi siyrmidanve seriozuli da dinji iyo, 

ris gamoc misma babuam, imperatorma hadrianem “ 

verrissimus “, anu “znefaqizi” 15 uwoda. Tumca mis 

pirovnebas yvelaze ukeT warmoaCens Tavad markus 

avreliusis Txzuleba “fiqrebi” , romelic keisarma 

germanul tomebTan omis dros dawera duna- 

13 

v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili, politikur da 

samarTlebriv moZRvrebaTa istoria, 2002, gv..49. 

14 

b. bregvaZe, dasax. naSr. gv 8 

15 

Targmanis meore variantis mixedviT, dasaSvebia 

“umarTlesi” r. gordeziani, n. tonia, antikuri 

literatura gv 418 

14

ispireTSi. naSromi warmoadgens sakuTari miznebisa 

da miswrafebebis, SexedulebaTa da SecdomaTa 

ganxilvas, romelic imdenad gulwrfelad da bunebrivad 

aris gadmocemuli, rom mkiTxvels aucileblad 

afiqrebinebs, rom mis winaSe gamocdili 

da dabrZenebuli kacis aRsarebaa. am varauds ufro 

metad amtkicebs is faqti, rom markus avreliusis 

“fiqrebi” farTo sazogadoebisaTvis ar aris 

gankuTvnili ( Txzulebis arsebobis Sesaxeb mxolod 

avtoris sikvdilis Semdeg gaxda cnobili) 16 

. am mizezTa gamo ki, vfiqrobT, safuZvliania im 

mosazrebis sarwmunod miCneva, romelsac avreliusi 

Tavis TxzulebaSi qristianebis Sesaxeb gamoTqvams. 

kerZod, igi kicxavs sulis cxonebisaTvis 

Tavgadadebul qristianebs, amis mizezad ki asaxelebs 

imas, rom sikvdilTan Sexvedrisas Sinagan 

mzadyofnas Tavad tragizmisagan Tavisufal movlenad 

miiCnevs da sikvdilTan miaxlovebisas 

qristianTa “brma sikerpes” arafris momtans uwodebs. 

17 magram, isev da isev, “fiqrebidan” gamomdinare, 

mecnierTa Soris aris eWvi markus avreliu- 

16 

r. gordeziani, n, tonia, antiluri literatura, 2007, 

gv 422 

17 

markus avreliusi, fiqrebi, dasax. Targmani, gv 247 

15

sis moZRvrebasa da qristianobas Soris kavSiris 

Taobaze. am mxriv, sayuradRebo epizodia vnebaTa 

da zraxvaTa daTmenis Sesaxeb mowodeba: “aris kaci, 

romelic loculobs: ,,rogor daveuflo am 

qals?!“ Sen ki iloce: ,,rogor davaRwio Tavi am 

qalis flobis survils?!“ is: ,,rogor movicilo 

Tavidan es kaci?!“ Sen: ,,rogor moviqce, rom ar 

damWidres Tavidan mocileba misi?!“ is: ,,nu momaswreb 

Svilis sikvdils!” Sen: ,,nu momaswreb imas, 

rom meSinodes Svilis dakargvis!“ 18 am da sxva 

msgavsi saxis mowodebebis simravlem, bunebrivia, 

mecnierebi daafiqra imaze, SesaZlebeli iyo Tu 

ara, imperators hqonoda kavSiri qristianebTan. 

magram istoriuli cnobebi ar adasturebs am varauds: 

cnobilia, rom markus avrelius antoninusi 

romma yvela tradiciis aRsrulebiT dakrZala da 

mis pativsacemad taZari aigo, daarsda qurumTa 

kolegia, xolo xalxma “keTilmowyale RmerTad” 

gamoacxada imperatori. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu istorikosTa 

cnobebs yalbad miviCnevT, isedac bunebrivia 

imis Tqma, rom, markus avreliuss, rogorc 

reformator da, amave dros, siqveliT gamorCeul 

keisars, saxelmwifoebrivi religia unda 

18 

markus avreliusi, fiqrebi, dasax. Targm. gv 222 

16

daecva, rogorc romis erTianobis SenarCunebis 

erT-erTi umTavresi piroba 19 . amitom, gacilebiT 

marTebulia imis mtkiceba, rom markus avreliusi 

qristianTa winaaRmdeg gamovidoda, vidre imisa, 

rom maTi, rogorc “seqtantebis” pozicias daicavda. 

ganxilul magaliTTa safuZvelze, SeiZleba 

iTqvas, rom qristianobis warmoSobis am versias 

ar gaaCnia istoriul cnobebze damyarebuli safuZveli 

da, rom igi konkretul mecnierTa subieqtur 

mosazrebas warmoadgens. amaze mianiSnebs is 

naSromi senekasa da pavle mociqulis mimoweris 

Sesaxeb, romelic, dadasturda, rom gviandel periods 

ekuTvnis, 20 rac, Tavis mxriv, asaxavs imis 

mcdelobas, rom SuasaukuneebSi senekas moZRvrebis 

araswori gageba iSviaTi ar iyo. amitom, dasaSvebi 

iqneba varaudi imisa, rom stoicizmisa da 

qristianobis kavSiri dRemde arasando faqtebze 

dayrdnobiT ivaraudes, radgan, rogorc Tavad 

stoicizmis warmoSoba iyo logikuri da istoriuli 

aucileblobis mqone elinizmis filosofiaSi, 

aseve, mniSvnelovani da gardauvali movlena iyo 

19 

b. bregvaZe, dasax. naSr. gv 44-45 

20 r.gordeziani, n.tonia, antikuri literatura, gv.374, 

Tb.2007 

17

msoflio istoriaSi qristianobis ideologiis 

TandaTanobiT damkvidreba. ase rom, SeiZleba iTqvas, 

Cv.w. I saukuneSi qristanobasa da stoicizms 

mxolod epoqa aerTianebdaT, rac safuZvliani argumenti 

ar aris imisaTvis, rom gviandeli stoicizmis 

warmomadgenlebi qristianobis fuZemdeblad 

miviCnioT. 

gamoyenebuli literatura 

1. markus avreliusi, fiqrebi, Targmani baCana bregvaZisa, 

Tbilisi 1984 

2. r. gordeziani, n, tonia, antikuri literatura, Tbilisi 

2007 

3. r. gordeziani, m. danelia, Sesavali klasikur filologiaSi, 

Tbilisi 2007 

4. m. WeliZe, elinizmis filosofia, Tbilisi 1992 

5. g. koplataZe, qristianuli eklesiis istoria, Tbilisi 

2007 

6. v. metreveli, g. daviTaSvili, politikur da samar- 

Tlebriv moZRvrebaTa istoria, Tbilisi 2002 

18

Mariam Nozadze 

Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 

Faculity of Humanities, First year 

The question of Christianity’s bases in the 

conception of Late Stoicism 

S u m m a r y 

The article is about the versions of the bases of Christianity, which 

has a connection with the Stoicism, a philosophical course, which was 

created at the III century B.C. in Greece. The latest representatives of 

Stoicism Seneca, Epictete and Marci Aurelii, mainly wrote about such 

themes into their treatises, that they were considered to be very close to 

Christianity, as they, herewith, were forming in the same epoch. But as 

we look about the historical facts and biographical notifications of that 

philosophers’ life we found that it’s practically impossible to announce 

something resolutely about the relationship between Stoics and 

Christianity. 

19

mixeil qarTveliSvili 




magistraturis I kursi, 

specialoba_saqarTvelos istoria 

erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi identurobis 

problema iosen stalinis TxzulebebSi 

qarTul realobaSi erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi 

identurobis problemis mecnierul Seswavlas 

udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba, radgan man didwilad 

ganapiroba saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi 

ganviTarebis araerTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxi. 

aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT vfiqrobT, rom gansakuTrebiT 

saintereso periods warmoadgens sabWo- 

Ta epoqis saqarTvelo, radgan swored am period- 

Si eyreba safuZveli saazrovno sistemis anu mentalitetis 

imgvar formas, romelic Cvens cnobierebaze 

dRemde sakmaod did gavlenas axdens. aqedan 

gamomdinare am problemis mecnieruli Seswavla 

uaRresad mniSvnelovan da saSur saqmed migvaCnia. 

viziarebT ra samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmul 

mosazrebas, romlis mixedviTac sabWoTa periodis 

saqarTvelos istoria unda gaviazroT 

sabWoTa kavSiris mTlian istoriasTan erTad, mig- 

20

vaCnia, rom am epoqis mecnieruli Seswavla TiTqmis 

SeuZlebelia marqsizm-leninizmis Teoriuli 

memkvidreobis saTanado gaazrebis gareSe, radgan 

aRniSnuli gaxlavT is Teoriuli bazisi, romlesac 

daefuZna sabWoTa saxelmwifoebrioba da mas 

gverds ver auvlis sabWoTa epoqaze momuSave vercerTi 

mkvlevari. 

aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT vfiqrobT gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba unda mivaqcioT vladimer leninis, 

lev trockisa da ioseb stalinis SemoqmedebiTi 

memkvidreobis saTanado gaazrebas, radgan 

maTma naazrevma Teoriuli safuZveli moumzada 

sabWoTa politikur sistemas. 

winamdebare gamokvlevis mokrZalebuli mizania 

SeviswavloT ioseb stalinis TxzulebebSi erovnul-sarwmunoebrivi 

identurobis problemis adgili 

da mniSvneloba. savsebiT bunebrivia, rom aRniSnuli 

uaRresad rTuli sakiTxis srulyofili 

Seswavlis pretenzia ar gagvaCnia da am etapze 

mxolod sakiTxis dasmiT SemovifarglebiT. 

Semdgomi gaugebrobebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT 

gvsurs ganvmartoT, rom Tanamedrove samecniero 

azrovnebaSi identurobis cneba ar gaiazreba, 

rogorc udavo erTianoba. igi SeiZleba gaviaz- 

21

oT problemad, romelic saerTo maxasiaTeblebiT 

gamoirCeva. 

qarTul, rusul da evropulenovan samecniero 

literaturaSi ioseb stalini savsebiT samarTlianadaa 

miCneuli politikur moRvawed, romelic 

Tavis Teoriul Tu praqtikul moRvaweobaSi gansakuTrebiT 

did adgils uTmobda erovnul igive 

nacionalur sakiTxs. misi mosazrebebi mTeli rigi 

kritikuli SeniSvnebis miuxedavad dRemde didi 

popularobiT sargeblobs da erovnuli sakiTxis 

gadawyvetis erT-erT originalur, Tavisebur da 

saintereso SemTxvevadaa miCneuli. 

ioseb stalini bolSevik moRvaweTagan erT-er- 

Ti gamorCeulia, vinc erovnuli sakiTxi siRrmiseulad 

Seiswavla da am Temas araerTi publicisturi 

werili da broSura miuZRvna. unda vivaraudoT, 

rom aRniSnuli muSaoba Tavdapirvelad vladimer 

leninis uSualo iniciativiT xorcildeboda, 

razec savsebiT samarTlianad SeniSnavs saer- 

TaSoriso urTierTobebis Teoriis aRiarebuli 

specialisti keneT n. uoleci. erovnul sakiTxSi 

„Tavisi Tavdapirveli mosazrebebis mcdarobis aRmoCenis 

Semdeg lenini gulmodgined Seudga sxva 

axsnis Ziebas, radgan es socialisturi Teoriis 

22

gadasarCenad iyo aucilebeli“ aseTi axsna ki man 

swored ioseb stalinis naazrevSi ipova. 

Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom ioseb stalinis mTeli 

SemoqmedebiTi memkvidreoba Zlieraa ideologizirebuli, 

metic aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT ioseb 

stalini Tavad gvevlineba ideologiis er- 

Tgvar Camomyalibeblad. 

pirveli naSromi, romlic ioseb stalinma 

erovnuli sakiTxis ganxilvas miuZRvna aris ~rogor 

esmis social-demokratias nacionaluri sakiTxi“, 

romelic gazeT ~proletariatis brZolis“ 

1904 wlis 1 seqtembris me-7 nomerSi daibeWda. 

statiaSi uaResad saintereso daskvnebia gake- 

Tebuli, kerZod ioseb stalini pirdapir wers: 

„nacionaluri sakiTxi sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva 

interesebs emsaxureba, sxvadsxva elfers iRebs 

imis mixedviT Tu romeli klasi da rodis wamowevs 

mas.“ aRniSnuli fraza mniSvnelovania, imiT, 

rom ioseb stalini pirdapir aRniSnavs, rom erovnuli 

sakiTxis erTjeradad gadawyveta marTebuli 

ar iqneba da igi epoqasTan mimarTebaSi unda gaiazrebodes. 

marTlac, SemdgomSi naTlad davrwmundebiT, 

rom ioseb stalinis mTelma rigma Sexedulebebma 

drois Sesabamisi cvlilebebi ganicada. 

23

zemoaRniSnuli statia warmnoadgens qarTul 

sinamdvileSi arsebuli nacionalisturi miswrafebebis 

erTgvar mimoxilviT analizs. 

mTeli rigi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas ioseb stalini 

midis saintereso daskvnamde, romlis mixedviTac 

ruseTis imperiaSi Semavali xalxebis nacionaluri 

sakiTxi ruseTis proletariatma unda 

gadawyvitos. 

amave statiaSi ioseb stalini axasiaTebs ra 

qarTul feodalur nacionalizms masTan erTad 

ganixilavs samRvdeloebis rolsac, romelic mas 

ukiduresad uaryofiTad miaCnia, Tumca aRniSnul 

sakiTxze vrclad ar Cerdeba da mxolod SeniSvnis 

saxiT akeTebs. 

Semdgomi publicisturi naSromi, sadac ioseb 

stalini erovnul sakiTxs exeba aris ~marqsizmi 

da nacionaluri sakiTxi“. es werili funamenturi 

xasiaTisaa da mas gverds ver auvlis sabWoTa 

erovnul sakiTxze momuSave vercerTi mkvlevari, 

masSi ioseb stalinis adrindelma mosazrebebma 

ramdenadme cvlilebebi ganicades da Camoyalibebuli 

saxe miiRes. masSi naTladaa Camoyalibebuli 

erTaTviTgamorkvevis principi, romelic rogorc 

cnobilia proletariatis internacionalur Tanasworobasa 

da Zmobas unda dafuZneboda. 

24

aRniSnul naSromSi yuradRebas iqcevs erTi saintereso 

fraza ~saeklesio rwmena feodaluri 

erovnuli grZnobebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgens“ 

aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom ioseb 

stalini ar uaryofda sarwmunoebis rols. 

savsebiT bunebrivia, rom igi am mimarTulebiT 

msjelobas ar agrZelebs, radgan es kategoriulad 

ewinaaRmdegeboda sociial-demokratTa oficialur 

Sexedulebebs, religiisadmi, romelic am 

ukanasknelis Taviuflebis ideiT praqtikulad 

aTeizmis propagandirebas axdenda. 

am werilSi ioseb stalini ukve aqtiurad SeewinaaRmdega 

partiis SigniT arsebul dapirispirebebs 

da cdilobs Tavisi Sexedulebebi warmoadginos, 

rogorc erTaderTi uryevi WeSmariteba. 

oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg sabWoTa xelisuflebis 

gamarjvebis Semdeg ioseb stalini 

erovnul sakiTxs sainteresod ganixilavs broSuraSi 

~mimdinare sakiTxebi“, sadac oqtombris revolucias 

ruseTis imperiaSi myofi erebis ganTavisuflebis 

istoriul Sanss uwodebs, aq ioseb 

stalini SedarebiT vrclad Cerdeba eklesiis 

rolze da mas kategoriulad uaryofiTad axasia- 

Tebs. 

25

odesac ioseb stalinis TxzulebebSi erovnul 

sakiTxze vsaubrobT yuradReba unda mivaqcioT 

im faqts, rom masSi sarwmunoebrivi aspeqtebis 

Sesaxeb laparaki TiTqmis saerTod ar gvxvdeba, 

Tumca aris calkeuli miniSnebebi, „sulier rolze“, 

„idealur ganxilvaze“, sadac SeiZleba vivaraudoT, 

rom sarwmunoeba unda igulisxmebodes. 

daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ioseb stalinis 

TxzulebebSi erovnuli sakiTxis gadawyvets 

uaRresad mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs, 

rac Tavis mxriv ganpirobebulia problemaTa aqtualurobiTa 

da gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobiT, 

rac Seexeba sarwmunoebas igi gaiazreba, rogorc 

wmenis Tavisuflebis Sedegi. 


1. ioseb stalini, Txzulebani, tomi I, Tb., 1947 

2. erasti axobaZe, erovnuli sakiTxis istoriidan 

saqarTveloSi (1900-1917ww.), Tb., 1965 

3. vaxtang guruli, ioseb juRaSvilis arCevani, 

Tb., 2007 

26

4. qeTevan pavliaSvili, saqarTvelos samociqulo 

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis istoria, 

1800-1945, naw. I, Tb., 2008 

5. nodar naTaZe, eri da erovnuli kultura, 

Tb., 1990 

6. Francoit Furet, Staline et la question nationale, Paris, 

1987 

7. keneT n. uolci, adamiani, saxelmwifo da 

omi, Teoriuli analizi, Tb., 2003 

MMikheil Kartvelishvili 

The first year MA student of Ivane Javakhishvili 

Tbilisi State University, 

Faculty of humanities, 

direction of history of Georgia 

Natiional and religional identical problems in the Ioseb 

Stalin’s works 

Summary 

In this article is disscused national and religional identical 

problems in the Ioseb Stalin’s works. the main stages it’s 

development and charactericts, it are concrete historicalpolitical 

and cultural importartance. 

27

ana doliZe 




I kursi 

religiuri motivebis zogierTi aspeqti 

ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi 

msoflio litraturaSi realizmis damkvidrebas 

Tan axlda erTgvari skepticizmi religiisadmi, 

rac renesansuli motivebiT iyo nakarnaxevi. aRor- 

Zinebis xanis zegavlena an pirdapir daetyo 

teqsts ( balzaki, stendali, floberi), an garkveuli 

improvizaciis ufleba daitova (tolstoi). 

rwmenisadmi Tanmimdevruli damokidebuleba, misi 

konceptualuri gadmotana literaturaSi TiTqmis 

uaryofili iyo. am mxriv gamonakliss qarTuli 

realizmi, kerZod ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedeba 

warmoadgens. qarTveli klasikosis nawarmoebebis 

erT-erTi ZiriTadi (Tu umTavresi ara) ganmsaz- 

Rvreli xazi swored ufalTan mimarTebas, marTmadideblur-qristianuli 

msoflxedvis mkiTxvelTan 

mxatvruli formiT mitanas gulisxmobs. 

amis nimuSia ilias `locva~, romelic saxarebiseuli 

mcnebebis da cnebebis leqsis saxiT ametyvelebis 

qrestomaTiuli magaliTia. ilias `loc- 

28

va~ leqsikiTac ki mihyveba `mamao Cvenos~ _`mamao 

Cveno, romelica xar caTa Sina.., “im gansxvavebiT, 

rom ilias locvaSi naxsenebi ar aris `puri arsobisa~, 

magram TavisTavad igulisxmeba. leqsSi yuradReba 

gamaxvilebulia sulier sazrdelze, romelic 

xels uwyobs adamianis SemoqmedTan kav- 

Sirs, misi sulis zeaRsvlas. poeti muxlmodrekili 

da `lmobieri~ dgas uflis winaSe. `lmobieri~ 

niSnavs sxvis Semwyalebels, mzad myofs, Seundos 

sxvas Secodeba. 

uflis locvis citirebas eklesiasturi xedva 

mosdevs _ ,,arca simdidris, arc didebis Txovna 

ar minda” da winaswarmetyveluri fraza,Mromel- 

Sic cxadadaa bibliuri sentenciebi warmodgenili. 

SeadareT: ,,giyvardes mteri Seni...” da 

,,... mterTaTvisac, romelT 

Tundac guls laxvari mkran, 

gTxovde, Seunde, ar ician 

RmerTo, ras iqman.” 

poetis Txovna uflisadmi ar aris gansazRvruli 

piradi sargebliT. iliam icis, rom misi locva 

wmindaa (Tavad uwodebs ase) da ar unda Seuracxyos 

is miwieri surviliT: 

àr minda amiT Seuracxvyo me locva wminda...~ 

29

poeti mxolod erTi TxovniT mimarTavs ufals 

_ mieniWos mas RvTaebrivis Secnobis unari, raTa 

Seimecnos uflis mier `namcnebi siyvaruli~. iliam 

kargad uwyis, ras niSnavs siyvaruli, rom uflis 

trfoba mas mxolod moyvasis siyvaruls ar 

avaldebulebs; rom moyvruli siyvaruli moicavs 

moyvrisa da mtris _ orives _ siyvaruls. 

`xolo me getyui Tqven: giyuarded mterni Tquenni 

da akurTxevdiT mwyevarTa TquenTa da keTilsa 

uyofdiT moZuleTa TquenTa da ulocevdiT 

maT, romelni gmZlavrobdnen Tquen da gdevniden 

Tquen~ (mate 5, 44). 

mxolod am gziT _ mtris siyvaruliT _ Seicnobs 

adamiani srulyofil siyvaruls; swored am 

gziT aRwevs misi locvac srulyofas. mtris siyvarulis 

motivis warmoCeniT ilias locva wminda 

xdeba, radgan poeti Zlevs adanianTaTvis dauZlevels 

da mtris Sendobas, mtris kargadmyofobas 

SesTxovs ufals. 

ilias kidev ori locviTi Janris leqsi aqvs 

Seqmnili. esenia: `locva~(òdes demoni urwmunoebis~) 

da `g. abx…~. orive leqsi uflisadmi mimar- 

Tvas warmoadgens. òdes demoni...~ saxarebiseuli 

ambis, uflis cxovrebis erTi monakveTis _ geTsemaniaSi 

iesos locvisa da qcevis _ Tanagancdaa. 

30

urwmunoebis demoni, adamianTa macdunebeli, sawamlaviT 

savse Tass awvdis wmindans, romelic Tavisi 

cxovrebiT baZavs ufals da mzadaa mis Sesasmelad. 

da mainc, miuxedavad amisa, igi dazRveuli 

araa xorcieli grZnobisgan, romelsac SiSi hqvia. 

amitom SesTxovs poeti ufals: 

`da ukeTu ars SesaZlebeli, 

me ganmariden igi sasmeli!~ 

da rogorc ki iesos am sityvebs ebmis misi 

uaryofa, iliasac maSinve ukan miaqvs Tavisi sityvebi: 

`magram Tu RmerTo, Sen RvTaebas surs, 

raTa gamocda miT hqondes Cems suls, 

ganhqren Sen xmasTan survilni Cemni 

da iyavn neba, ufalo, Seni!~ 

ìyavn neba Seni~ _ es sityvebi locvis umaRlesi 

safexuria, wminda locvaa; xolo mTeli leqsi 

wmindanis msoflxedvis gamoxatulebaa, kacis, romelic 

mzad aris tanjvisaTvis. `sulieri Serigeba, 

Cven unda gavigoT da gamovsaxoT rogorc qmedeba, 

rogorc moZraoba sulisa, rogorc procesi, 

romlis msvlelobaSi Tavs iCens Zal-Ronis daZabva 

da brZola da arsebiT momentad gvevlineba 

tkivili, sikvdili, mwuxare grZnoba araraobisa, 

tanjva sulisa da xorcisa (g. farulava, mxatvru- 

31

li saxis bunebisaTvis Zvel qarTul prozaSi, Tb., 

1982) 

rac Seexeba leqss `g. abx/azs/~, konkretul miZ- 

Rvnas warmoadgens, poetis pirad survilebs yrmisadmi, 

anu aq Cans moyvruli siyvarulis gamom- 

JRavneba, romelic `sawuTros kacTa~ cnobierebiT 

_ keTili survilebiT _ ki ar ganisazRvreba, aramed 

qristianuli idealiT, yrmisaTvis tanjvis nugeSis 

STagonebiT. 

literaturis kritikaSi SeniSnulia erTi aspeqtic 

,,yvarlis mTebidan”. poeti Tavis saprogramo 

sityvaSi adresats vertikalurad miemarTeba. 

igi TiTqos Tavis gegmas ufals gaandobs da miabarebs. 

am leqsSi isic kargad warmoCndeba, rom 

`yrma~ axlos dgas ufalTan, swvdeba mis simaRles, 

magram zrdasTan erTad Sordeba mas da saWiro 

xdeba sxva gza moZebnos ufalTan misasvlelad. 

es gza ganaTlebaa, romelic ilias SemoqmedebaSi 

aRiqmeba ara mxolod rogorc swavla-ganaTleba 

(risTvisac miemgzavreba is peterburgSi), 

aramed rogorc _ amaRleba, sulis ganaTleba. es 

kargad Cans ilias mTel rig nawarmoebebSi mkveTrad 

gamoxatuli `kvali ganaTlebulis~ motividan. 

gavixsenoT ilias leqsi `qarTvlis dedas~: 

`dedav! ismine qarTvlis vedreba: 

32

ise aRzarde Sen Svilis suli, 

rom win gauZRves WeSmariteba, 

ukan hrCes kvali ganaTlebuli~. 

ilias locvebidan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia 

àCrdilSi~ CarTuli `dedao RvTisav...~ 

,,dedao RvTisav, es qveyana Seni xvedria…... 

Sens meoxebas nu moakleb am tanjuls xalxsa; 

saRmrTod miiRe sisxli, romel am xalxs uRvria, 

CagrulT sasoo, nu arideb mowyale Tvalsa!~ 

_ es sityvebi pirdapiri miniSnebaa imaze, rom 

ilias mTeli programa, `Sromis axsnis~ CaTvliT, 

konstituciuri modelisaa da transcendentalur 

nebas ukavSirdeba. Txovnac Sesabamisia: 

`CagrulT sasoo, nu gvarideb mowyale Tvalsa...~ 

vfiqrobT, poemis SesavalSic daxatulia adamianis 

ganwmendis, amaRlebis procesi, romlis gare- 

Sec SeuZlebelia `wminda locva~. es procesi am 

sityvebiT gamoixateba: 

àma nugeSiT aRZruli suli 

aRmevso nelis sixaruliTa, 

eWvTagan winaT gvemuli guli 

gancxovlda wmindis siyvaruliTa; 

gardmomevlina yovlad SemZlebi 

33

qveynisa amis sikeTis rwmena, 

aRmifrTovana man ocnebebi 

da ganmiwminda xedva da smena.~ 

calke Temaa ilias `gandegili~; Cven mxolod 

erT frazas SevexebiT _ `xsna yvelgan aris~, romelic 

am SemTxvevaSi imiT aris saintereso, rom 

termini `xsna~ usaTuod religias, qristianobas 

ukavSirdeba. ilia fiqrobs, rom yvelgan, yvela 

sferoSi, yvela mxares adamiani swored xsnisaTvis 

unda iRvwodes, mxolod am Rvwis formebia 

sxvadasxvagvari. 

marTmadideblur-qristianuli msoflxedva 

TvalsaCinod aisaxeba ilias prozaSic. oTaraanT 

qvrivi qristianuli mcnebebis matarebeli adamianis 

magaliTia, luarsabi ki maTi naklebobis; 

,,mgzavris werilebis” manifestic amgvar ideebs 

aviTarebs, rom araferi vTqvaT `glaxis naambobs” 

moZRvarze, romelic nimuSia WeSmariti mRvdelmsaxurisa, 

adamianuri siTbos, siyvarulis da sulierebisa. 

magaliTad mogvyavs mTavari gmiris, gabrielis 

sityvebi, miseuli daxasiaTeba moZRvrisa: 

`me im mRvdelzed sityva Zalian gagigrZele, 

batono, da ybedobaSi nu CamomarTmevT. oriode na- 

Teli dRe me imasTan gamitarebia, gonebisa da adamianobis 

Tvali,_ avad Tu kargad,_ imasTan amixi- 

34

lebia. Cemis bnelis cxovrebis gzazed imis meti 

varskvlavi ar amosula, _ da am upiro qveyanam 

sxva nura damayvedros ra. amitom miyvars me im 

mRvdelzed laparaki. roca ki vlaparakob xolme, 

suli isev sulobs, roca imas vaxseneb, damijereT, 

rom me imis xsenebazed am qveynad kidev madli 

RvTisa mwams, kidev mgonia, rom es qveyana Sesaferia 

da am qveyanasTan Zafi ar gamwydomia. daloca 

RmerTma is kacad-kaci!..~ `kacad-kaci~ RvTis saxea, 

zneobis etalonia, rwmenis Camnergavia, adamianTa 

gadamrCenelia iseve, rogorc ufali. 

ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi naTlad gamoixata 

qristianuli motivebi: yrmis ufalTan siaxlovis, 

tanjviT bednierebis mopovebis, uflis mcneba- 

Ta qadagebis, sisrulisaken swrafvis, moyvasisa da 

mtris siyvarulis, mtris siyvaruliT ki srulyofilis 

_ uflis _ Secnobis, uflisadmi baZvis da 

rwmeniT saukuno cxovrebis mopovebis. Cven mxolod 

am motivebis zogierT aspeqts SevexeT. 

35

gamoyenebuli literatura: 

1. axali aRTqumai, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1955. 

2. farulava griver, mxatvruli saxis bunebisaTvis 

Zvel qarTul prozaSi, Tbilisi, 

1982. 

3. WavWavaZe ilia, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 

oc tomad, t. I, `mecniereba~, `sab- 

WoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1987. 

4. WavWavaZe ilia, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 

oc tomad, t. II, `mecniereba~, `sab- 

WoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1987. 

36

Anna Dolidze 



Some Aspects of Religious Motives In the Literary Works of 

Ilia Chavchavadze 

Summary 

This paper analyzes religious motives in the literary works of 

XIX century Georgian classical author Ilia Chavchavadze. These 

motives are not represented in his works perfectly; author speaks 

only about some of them: about the closeness of the Father and 

Son; the achievement of the happiness by the way of torture, 

preaching the Divine commandments, love one’s neighbor and 

enemy – the way which shows us how to attain the perfection - to 

conceive the God - and to achieve the eternal life by faith. 

37

daviT rekvava 


Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 


specialoba: Turquli ena da literatura 

III kursi 

xeTebis gansaxlebisa da eTnikuri vinaobis 

sakiTxi bibliis mixedviT 

Tanamedrove TurqeTis aziuri nawili _ 

anatolia, romelsac ZvelTaganve uwodebdnen agreTve 

`mcire azias~, kacobriobis civilizaciis 

erT-erT uZveles keradaa ariarebuli. es aris sakmaod 

vrceli teritoria, sadac aTaswleulTa man- 

Zilze xdeboda sxvadasxva warmoSobis tomTa Tu 

xalxTa Sereva. Zv. aRmosavleT xanaSi aq araerTi 

didi Tu patara saxelmwifo warmoiqmna, magram 

sxvadsxva garemoebaTa gamo isiniTndaTan gaqrnen 

istoriis aspaerezidan ise, rom verc erTma maTganma 

ver moaRwia Cvens epoqamde. 

am uzarmazar teritoriaze kulturulad 

uZvelesi xanebidanve dawinaurda aR. anatolia, 

gansakuTrebiT ki mcire aziis centraluri nawili, 

sadac Camoyalibda saxelmwifo, romelic 

erT-erT udides politikur Zalad gadaiqca ara 

marto mcire aziaSi, aramed maSindel axlo aRmo- 

38

savleTSic. es iyo xeTebis samefo anu x a T i, 

romelic Zv. w II aTaswleulSi arsebobda da mcire 

aziis Zvel istoriaSi mTeli epoqa Seqmna. 

`Zvel aRTqmaSi~ `xeTebi~ ramdenimejeraa 

naxsenebi, magram aq igulisxmebian ara II aTaswleulis 

centralur mcire aziaSi mosaxle tomebi, 

aramed is xeTebi, romlebic Crd. siriaSi cxovrobdnen 

Zv. w. I aTaswleulSi, e.w. `gviandeli xe- 

Tebi~. 

`Zveli aRTqmis~ xeTebis Sesaxeb arsebul 

cnobaTa Soris mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia miTi- 

Tebebs, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs ganvsaz- 

RvroT xeTebis gansaxlebis areali siria-palestinaSi. 

`dabadeba~ (10,15) gvanmcnobs, rom xeTebi 

qanaanis Svilis qetelis STamomavlebad iTvlebian 

da sxva moZme qanaanis tomebTan erTad mosaxleoben 

sidonidan gerasamde, anu samxreT siriidan 

samxeT palestinamde gadaWimul teritoriaze. 

asurul babilonur wyaroebSi `xaTis~ uZvelesi 

moxsenieba ganekuTvneba samsudiTanas mefobis 

xanas, roca xeTebmababilons ilaSqres da 

bolo mouRes babilonis I dinastias. 

Zv. w. I aTaswleulis droindeli asuruli 

da urartuli wyaroebi Crd. siriiasa da mcire 

aziis aR. nawils `xaTes qveyanas~ uwodebdnen. 

39

swored es garemoeba aisaxa `Zvel aRTqmaSi~, romlis 

mixedviT `Zeni qetisni~ Crd. siriis mcxovrebni 

gamodian. 

`dabadebaSi~ (15,18) moTxrobilia RmerTsa 

da abraams Soris dadebuli pirobis Sesaxeb, romlis 

ZaliTac: `mas dResa Sina aRuTqva ufalman 

aRTqumaÁ metYvelman: `Teslsa Sensa mivscne qveyana 

es emdinariTgan egviptisad, vidre mdinaredmde 

didad evfratad. kinevelni da kenezelni da kedmazelni 

da qetelni da ferezelni...~ 

amgvarad RmerTis pirobis Tanaxmad abraamis 

STamomavlobis e.i. ebraelebis xelSi unda gadavides 

qanaanuri tomebiT da maT Soris dsaxlebuli 

teritoria nilosidan evfratamde, e.i. siria-palestina 

SuamdinareTamde. adre ganxiluli 

cnobis msgavsad es miTiTebac ar gvaZlevs saSualebas 

konkretulad ganvsazvRoT xeTebis adgilmdebareoba 

siria-palestinaSi. 

`dabadebaSi~ xeTebi kidev sam adgilas 

arian moxseniebulni. I cnoba exeba abraamis dakrZalvas 

(25,9), meore gvamcnobs iakobis anderZis 

(49,29), xolo mesame mogviTxrobs iakobis dakrZalvis 

Sesaxeb (50,13). 

40

~gamosvlaTa wignSi~ xeTebi 6 adgilas 

arian moxseniebulni. eqvsive cnoba CvenTvis saintereso 

problemas exeba. 

`Zveli aRTqmis~ pirveli 2 wignisgan gansxvavebiT, 

danarCeni 3 wigni mwir cnobebs gvawvdis 

xeTebis Taobaze. 

...da kidev erTi cnoba, romelic xeTebis 

adgilmdebareobaze migviTiTebs. cnoba, romelSic 

CamoTvlilia iso naves (`Zveli aRTqmis~ VI wigni) 

mier iordanis dasavleT mxares dapyrobil samefoTa 

saxelebi. (T. 12,7-8): `da ese mefeni amorevelni, 

romelni moisrna iso da ZeTa israelisaTa wiaR 

iordanesa da zRuasa Tana balgads, velsa zeda 

libanisasa vidre mTadmde alegisad aRmaval- 

Tasa seirad da misca igi iso naTesavTa israelisaTa 

samkvidrebelad nawilad maTa~. 

amrigad, es miTiTeba xeTebis samkvdro adgilad 

palestinis Crd. nawils asaxelebs. 

sxva qanaanuir tomebTan erTad xeTebi 

cxovrobdnen palestinis iseT qalaqebS, rogoricaa 

ierusalimi, sodomi samaria, razec mowmobs 

iezekielis wignSi daculi 2 cnoba: aRniSnul qalaqebSi, 

dasaxlebulma ebraelebma daiviwyes is 

adaT-wesebi, romlis mixedviTac ekrZalebodaT 

ucxo tomebTan qorwineba. amas ki Sedegad is moh- 

41

yva, rom xalxi gadagvarda da gamoiwvia winaswarmetyvel 

iezekielis mier ierusalimis mcxovrebTa 

dawyevla: `Ziri Seni da Soba Seni queyanisagan qanaanisa. 

mama Seni amoreveli da deda Seni qettela~ 

(T. 16,3). 

amrigad, xeTebi mosaxleobdnen zemoaRniSnul 

qalaqebSi, xSirad qorwindebodnen ebraelebze, 

risTvisac am ukanasknelT RmerTi risxva daatydaT 

Tavs. 

`Zvel aRTqmaSi~ mravlad moipoveba cnobebi 

xeTebios eTnikuri vinaobis Sesaxeb. `dabadeba~ 

(T 10,15) mogviTxrobs: èse Sobani ZeTa noesTan: 

sem, qam da iafet. da iyvnes maTda Zeni Semdgomad 

wyliT rRunisa... xolo qanan Sva sidon pirmSod 

da qeteli da iobosleli da amoreveli da gergeseveli...Semdgomad 

ganeTesnes tomni qanaanelTani~. 

am cnobis mixedviT, xeTebis winapari qeteli, 

noes SviliSvilis-qanaanis Zea, xolo misi Zmebi 

qanaanuri-semituri tomrbis mamamTavrebi. 

amgvarad, Tu zemoxsenebul miTiTeba sverwmunebiT, 

maSin xeTebi qanaanur-semitur warmomavlobis 

eTnikur jgufad unda miviCnioT, aqedan gamomdinare 

biblia xeTebs semitebad Tvlis. miuxedavad 

imisa, rom ebraelebi warmomavlobiT imave 

qanaanur-semitur jgufs miekuTvnebian, rogorc 

42

zemoT CamoTvlili tomebi. `Zveli aRTqma~ maT aSkarad 

apirispiurebs erTmaneTTan. xeTebis eTnikuri 

dapirispireba semit-ebraelebTan aSkarad 

vlindeba `mefeTa III wgnSi~ (11,3): `da mefe solomon 

iyo dedaTmoyuare da moiyvanna colni ucxo 

TeslTagan mravalni da asuli igi faraosi da moavelTa 

da amoniotelTa da idumelTa da asurastani 

da qetelTa da amorevelTa~. 

aqedan gamomdinare bibliuri tradicia xe- 

Tebs miakuTvnebs qanaanur-semitur warmomavlobis 

tomebs, Tumca aSkarad mijnavs semit-ebraelebisagan. 

xeTebis eTnikuri vinaobis garkvevisTvis 

aucilebelia SeviswavloT Tu ras niSnavs sakuTriv 

termini “hatti” da Zvel aRTqmaSi moxseniebuli 

xeTuri sakuTari saxelebi. 

istoriulad dadasturebuli, rom termini 

“hatti”-s qveS moiazreboda xaTis qveyana, qalaqi 

xaTusa da am qalaqis uZvelesi mosaxleoba `xaTebi~ 

an kidev `protoxeTebi~. termini “hatti” aRniSnavda 

im samefos, romlis dedaqalaqic iyo “hattutas” 

anu `xeTebis samefo~. 

asuruli, elamuri, gvianbabilonuri da 

urartuli wyaroebi amave terminis qveS gulis- 

43

xmoben xeTebis imperiis yofili teritoriis mosaxleobas 

(mcire azia, siria-palestina). 

pirvelad `xeTuri~ sakuTari saxelebi 

gvxvdeba `dabadebis~ 23-e TavSi, sadac laparakia 

abraamis meuRlis saras dasaflavebis Sesaxeb. 

arabulad àbu~ niSnavs mamas, xolo `meliqi~ 

mefes. aSkaraa, romes saxelic semituri 

warmomavlobisaa. saxeli ùria~ aseve semituria 

da iTragmneba, rogorc `naTeli RvTisa~. 

yovelive es sulac ar gulisxmobs 

imas, rom am saxelis matarebeli xalxi aucileblad 

semitebi unda yofiliyvnen. savaraudoa isic, 

rom terminSi `xeTi~ `Zveli aRTqma~ miiCnevs ara 

romelime gansazRvrul xalxs, aramed arasemituri 

zedafenis warmomadgenlebs. 


1. Zveli aRmosavleTis xalxTa istoria, § 5 – 

xeTebis Zveli samefo, gv. 218-223, Tb. 1988w; 

2. erekle astaxiSvili – xeTebi bibliaSi, Tb. 

2005w; 

3. erekle astaxiSvili _ xeTebis adgilmdebareoba 

bibliis mixedviT, Tb. 2005w; 

44

4. erekle astaxiSvili _ xeTebis eTnikuri vinaoba, 

Tb. 2005w; 

5. biblia, Zveli aRTqma. 

David Rekvava 


Faculity of Humanities, Direction Turkish 

Language and Literature.Third year 

The question of the lokalization an the etnic personality of Hittes by 

the Bible 

S u m m a r y 

In the work I discussed the living site of the “hitittes” 

tribe. There is discussed historical events and notifications of the 

first millenium B. C. as well. 

I have also directed my attention to the “hitittes” ethical 

personality and to the origin of the word “hatti”. 

45

arCil xaCiZe 

Tbilisis sasuliero akademia, 

RvTismetyvelebis fakulteti 

III kursi 

saeklesio Semosavlebis gankargvis da 

klirikosTa Senaxvis sakiTxebi 

Crd. afrikis eklesiaSi 

sxvadasxva adgilobriv eklesiebs Soris 

erT-erTi yvelaze nayofieri da gamorCeuli CrdiloeT 

afrikis eklesia iyo. am eklesiaSi gansakuTrebuli 

yuradReba eqceoda kanonSemoqmedebiT 

process da saeklesio cxovrebis praqtikuli mxaris 

aseTi saxiT fiqsacias. amaze am eklesiaSi gamarTuli 

mravali saeklesio krebac metyvelebs, 

romlebze ganxilulTa Soris umniSvnelovanes sakiTxTagani 

Semosavlebis gankargva iyo. msgavsad 

yvela sxva eklesiisa, afrikis eklesiaSic sam- 

RvdeloebisaTvis, rogorc saeroTagan gansxvavebuli 

klasis adamianebze, romlebic RmrTismsaxurebas 

aRasrulebdnen, SemowirulobiT arseboba 

iyo dadgenili. netari avgustine samRvdeloebis 

aseT rCenas macxovrisa da misi mowafeebis magaliTTan 

akavSirebs. afrikeli samRvdeloebis rCenis 

pirvel wyaros morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi Se- 

46

mowiruloba warmoadgenda. metad sarwmunoa, rom 

II da III saukuneebSi sasuliero wodebis SenaxvisaTvis 

rogorc iudevlebidan ise warmarTebidan 

axalmoqceulTagan metad uxvi Semowirulobebi 

Sedioda eklesiaSi. es Sesawiravebi upiratesad 

fulis saxis iyo, risTvisac ukve tertulianes 

dros eklesiebSi arsebobda gansakuTrebuli Wur- 

Weli, romelSic yovelTviuri nebayoflobiTi Sesawiravi 

ikribeboda. fuladi Sesawiravebis garda 

wiravdnen xils da miwis nayofs, Rvinos, rZes da 

purs, romlebic rogorc wesi kvira dRes mihqondaT 

xolme eklesiaSi. karTagenis mesame saeklesio 

krebam daadgina, rom trapezisaTvis Rvino da 

puri SeewiraT. karTagenis IV krebis dadgenilebebi 

gvaZlevs safuZvels vivaraudoT, rom arsebobda 

ori saxis Sesawiravi, erTi trapezisaTvis, sakurTxevlisaTvis, 

xolo meore _ eklesiis salarosaTvis. 

sakurTxevels Rvinis da puris garda 

arafers swiravdnen. gamonakliss warmoadgenda 

rZe da Tafli, romelsac eklesia locviT akur- 

Txebda, maT iyenebdnen kaTakmevelTa naTlobisas, 

romlebsac sTavazobdnen SeesvaT rZe da Tafli, 

rogorc qristianTa ucodvelobis niSani da agreTve 

simbolo naTlobis gziT aRTqmul miwaze 

damkvidrebisa, sadac moedineba rZe da Tafli, anu 

47

qristes eklesiaSi. netari avgustine aseve axsenebs 

kerZo sacavebs – salaroebs, sadac inaxavdnen 

sels, selis Sesamosels da sxv. iyo Tu ara 

afrikis eklesiaSi meaTedis wesi gavrcelebuli 

pirveli sami saukunis ganmavlobaSi, dazustebiT 

Tqma ar SegviZlia, am sakiTxs garkveviT pirveli 

avgustine axeba. rogorc Cans, afrikis eklesiaSi 

garda mudmivi Semosavlisa, rasac meaTedi da Sesawiravebi 

warmoadgenda, arsebobda gadasaxadi 

mRvdelmoqmedebisaTvisac, aseTi varaudis safuZvels 

gvaZlevs netari avgustines wuxili da Civili 

imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom bevri asrulebs 

mRvdelmoqmedebas da qadagebs ara imdenad Tavisi 

valdebulebis gancdiT da Tavad am moqmedebebis 

mniSvnelobis SegnebiT, ramdenadac amaSi garkveuli 

gadasaxadis aRebis surviliT. garda yovel- 

Tviuri da yoveldRiuri nebayoflobiTi Sesawiravisa 

samRvdeloebisaTvis, gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi 

xdeboda xolme morwmuneTagan eqstraordinaluri 

Sesakrebelis mokrebac. aseT Sesakrebels 

axsenebs kviprianec, romelmac, roca Seityo numidieli 

qristianebis barbarosebis mier datyvevebis 

ambavi, maT gamosasyidad amgvari xerxiT 1 000 000 

sestercia Seagrova. xandaxan iyo xolme SemTxveviTi 

Semowirulobeic xelisuflebis mxridan. ma- 

48

galiTad unda aRvniSnoT konstantine didis Sewiruloba 

afrikeli samRvdeloebisaTvis. aseTi Sem- 

TxveviTi Semosavlebis garda samRvdeloeba mudmiv 

Semosavals iRebda misTvis Sewiruli miwebidan, 

agarakebidan, savargulebidan, saxlebidan da 

im yvelafridan, rasac uZravi qoneba qvia. CrdiloeT 

afrikis samRvdeloebis sasaxelod unda 

iTqvas, rom aseTi saxis Semowirulobebs isini 

mxolod maSin iRebdnen, roca igi nebayoflobiT 

iyo gacemuli da aranair wyenas ar gaaCenda Semwirvelis 

naTesavebSi. Tavad avgustinec, romelic 

xSirad kicxavda mavanT, rom maT metad mcirediT 

gaamdires eklesia, acxadebda, rom man, visac surs 

sakuTar Zes daaklos memkvidreoba da eklesia Caanacvlos 

mas (rogorc memkvidre), jobia sxva vinme 

moZebnos, vinc aseT memkvidreobas miiRebs, 

oRond ara avgustine; igi urTavda kidec, rom: 

`RmerTma qnas, rom veravin ver naxos~. amitom, roca 

erTma hiponielma warCinebulma TavisTvis mxolod 

mcire Semosavali daitova da TiTqmis mTeli 

qoneba eklesias gadasca, Semdeg ki inana saqcieli, 

ukan gamoiTxova naCuqrobis furceli da 

mis nacvlad garkveuli Tanxa gaagzavna, avgustinem 

mas erTic daubruna da meorec, da daumata, 

rom eklesia miiRebs mxolod nebayoflobiT Semo- 

49

wirulobas da arasodes iZulebiTs. sasuliero 

wodebis Senaxvis saukeTeso saSualebad avgustines 

ar miaCnda miwebi, uZravi qoneba da a.S. aramed 

amtkicebda, rom urCevnia icxovros mrevlis SemowirulobiT, 

vidre marTos saeklesio qoneba da 

mzadaa gasces kidec igi, Tuki eklesiis msaxurebi 

Zveli aRTqmis RvTismsaxurTa msgavsad icxovrebdnen 

da maTive msgavsad trapezidanve gamoikvebebodnen. 

unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom eklesia ar miiCnevda 

arcerT Semowirulobas mxolod Tavis sakuTrebad, 

aramed mis did nawils iyenebda qvrivebis, 

oblebis, Raribebis, patimrebis da sxvebis Sesanaxad 

da gamosakvebad. eklesiis am msaxurebisaTvis 

avgustine araviTar sazRvars ar cnobda 

da saswrafod cdilobda maT dakmayofilebas, 

radgan Sesawiris mesakuTreebad miaCnda ara mxolod 

klirikosebi, aramed Raribebi da gaWirvebulebi. 

saeklesio qonebis mTavari ganmkargveli episkoposi 

iyo, rac kviprianes araerTi weriliTac 

dasturdeba. magaliTad erTgan is ambobs, rom or 

aRmsarebels _ celerines da avreliuss, romlebic 

wignismkiTxvelebad daniSna, presviteris wili 

mieRoT. sxvagan is ambobs, rom devnulebaSi 

myof presviterebsa da diakvnebs SeunarCundeT Ta- 

50

visi wili saeklesio Semosavlebidan. igi aseve 

sjis zogierT urC da gamousworebel klirikoss 

erTTviani anazRaurebis dakavebiT. SeuZlebelia 

ar vTqvaT, rom episkoposi ar iyo ukontrolo batoni 

da ganmkargveli da ar SeeZlo am qonebis 

Tavis nebaze xarjva, aramed unda gafrTxileboda 

mas da Seenaxa Raribebi. saerTod ki afrikis eklesiaSi 

sasuliero pirebi saeklesio qonebis gankargvis 

movaleobas erT-erT yvelaze mZime da TavisTvis 

usiamovno saqmed Tvlidnen, radgan igi 

wyvetda maTi ZiriTadi movaleobis aRsrulebas. 

imisaTvis, rom episkoposisaTvis saeklesio qonebis 

gankargvis mZime saqme SeemsubuqebinaT, am eklesiis 

krebebze dadginda, rom mis damxmared arqipresviteri 

da arqidiakoni gamorCeuliyvnen, 

romlebic Raribebze da oblebze izrunebdnen. 

amave krebam gansazRvra, rom maT, vinc qristes- 

Tvis ewama, diakvnebisagan mieRoT Tavisi arsebobisaTvis 

saWiro saxsari. Cans rom saeklesio qonebis 

ganmkargveli garkveuli organo afrikis eklesiaSi 

namdvilad arsebobda. zogierT afrikul 

eklesiaSi savaraudoa ekonomosis specialuri Tanamdebobis 

arsebobac. amas gvafiqrebinebs is, rom 

netarma avgustinem sikvdilis win mTeli Tavisi 

qineba erT presviters gadasca, romelsac mis si- 

51

cocxleSive ebara saeklesio saxli, evaleboda 

Semosavlebze zrunva da maT Semodineba-gadinebaze 

angariSis Cabareba. 

erT-erTi yvelaze bundovani sakiTxia, Tu rogor 

iyofoda saeklesio Semosavlebi klirikosebs 

Soris. avgustinesagan vigebT, rom Semosavlebis 

gayofisas gansakuTrebuli uflebebiT sargeblobda 

episkoposi, Tumca isic aucileblad jdeboda 

samarTlianobisa da kacTmoyvareobis CarCoebSi. 

cota mets vigebT kviprianesagan. is gvamcnobs, 

rom Tavis karTagenel klirikosebs TveSi erTxel 

unawilebda Semosavals, mRvdlebs ki orjer ufro 

mets aZlevda vidre sxvebs, pavle mociqulis 

sityvebis Tanaxmad: `romelni keTilad ZRodian 

xucesni, oris nawilisa pativisa Rirs iyvned, ufroÁs 

xolo, romelni Surebian sityviTa da moZ- 

RurebiTa~ (1 tim. 5. 17). sxvaTa Soris didi wili 

da TviT presviterebis odenic ki SeeZloT mie- 

RoT dabal klirikosebs, Tu isini gansakuTrebul 

gulmodginebas gamoiCendnen, an TavdadebiT daamowmebdnen 

qristes sarwmunoebas. safiqrebelia, 

rom yovelTviurad iyofoda mxolod fuli, sxvagvari 

Sesawiravebi ki yoveldRiurad, ukidures 

SemTxvevaSi ki yovelkvireulad nawildeboda. mag. 

puri da Rvino. Tumca ki yvelanairi Sesawiravidan 

52

garkveuli wili gaWirvebulebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili 

da amaSi eklesiis gulmowyalebas ar SeiZleboda 

sazRvrebi hqonoda, karTagenis IV krebam 

daadgina, rom eklesiaSi momsaxure Raribebs, moxucebs 

da yvela uZlur adamians meti miscemoda, 

vidre axalgazrdasa da janmrTels. Tu eklesiis 

Semosavali ver akmayofilebda klirikosTa Senaxvis 

moTxovnebs, episkoposs neba eZleoda gaeyida 

eklesiis qoneba maTi cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis 

dasakmayofileblad. magram raTa am uflebiT romelime 

episkoposs borotad ar esargebla, kanonebiT 

gansazRvruli iyo, rom eklesiis qonebis gayidvamde 

igi jer sakuTar samRvdeloebas dakiTxoda, 

Semdeg mxaris primass da sxva mezobel 

episkoposebs, imis dasadgenad, marTla saWiroa 

Tu ara iseTi ukiduresi zomebisaTvis mimarTva, 

rogoricaa eklesiis qonebis gayidva. 

CrdiloeT afrikis eklesiaSi ara marto nebadarTuli, 

aramed rekomendirebulic ki iyo, rom 

klirikosebi damatebiTi xelobiT dakavebuliyvnen. 

savaraudoa, rom es wesi mxolod dabal klirikosebze 

vrceldeboda, romlebsac naklebi valdebuleba 

hqondaT eklesiis winaSe da amasTan xSirad 

sakmaod didi ojaxis rCenac uwevdaT, rasac saeklesio 

Semosavali da wili ver eyofoda. netari 

53

avgustine aramarto emxroboda, aramed moiTxovda 

kidec rogorc samRvdeloebisagan, ise monazvnebisagan 

rame xelobiT dakavebas. TviTon ki wuxda, 

rom qristianTa Soris davebis mudmivi momrigeblobis 

gamo ver axerxebda TviTonac dakavebuliyo 

rame saqmiT. igives emxroboda ruspiis episkoposi 

fulgenciusi da monazvnebs monastrebTan ba- 

Rebis gaSenebas avalebda, riTac ara marto TiTon 

ikmayofilebdnen saWiroebebs, aramed exmarebodnen 

sxvebsac. 

Tumca samRvdeloebas neba hqonda darTuli 

dakavebuliyo xelsaqmiT da sxvadasxva sasargeblo 

xelobiT, meores mxriv mas ekrZaleboda imgvari 

saqmianoba, rasac SeeZlo Crdili mieyenebina 

an eWvi gaeCina misi avtoritetis mimarT. qristes 

mRvdlisaTvis Seufereblad iyo miCneuli da ukve 

kviprianes dros ekrZaleboda samRvdeloebas raime 

saxis saero valdebulebebis, magaliTad meurveobis 

an Tavdebobis kisreba, radgan, vinc er- 

Txel Tavi Seswira trapezs, SemdegSi locviTa 

da kurTxeviT unda ecxovra. sxva mraval moTxovnebs 

Soris unda gamovyoT, rom gansakuTrebiT ikrZaleboda 

mevaxSeoba. samRvdelo wodebis warmomadgenels 

aseve ekrZaleboda vaWroba, radgan amas 

SeeZlo igi sixarbisaken miedrika, rasac Tan sic- 

54

ue da tyuili sdevda. aseve ekrZalebodaT sar- 

Cos Sovna Teatralur warmodgenebSi monawileobiT. 

imisaTvis, rom sasuliero wodebis gamorCenisaken 

swrafva SeezRudaT, karTagenis adgilobrivi 

krebis 41-e kanoniT dadginda, rom is klirikosebi, 

romlebsac aranairi qoneba ar gaaCndaT Tavis 

saxelze xarisxSi ayvanamde da SemdegSi gaxdnen 

miwebis da sxva saxis qonebis mflobelebi, 

uflis salaros mZarcvelebad iqnebodnen gamocxadebulni 

Tu am yvelafers eklesias ar gadascemdnen. 

Tavis nebaze klirikosebs SeeZloT gamoeyenebinaT 

is, rac memkvidreobiT, an vinmesagan sa- 

Cuqrad hqondaT miRebuli. aseve episkoposebs ekrZalebodaT 

memkvidred warmarTis gamocxadeba 

da valdebulni iyvnen daetovaT anderZi, raTa titulis 

Sesaferisi qoneba sworad miemarTaT. magaliTad, 

ruspiis episkoposma fulgenciusma Tavisi 

eklesiis ekonomoss sikvdilis win dautova zustad 

gawerili anderZi, sadac miTiTebuli iyo 

ramden Tanxas tovebda da radgan qonebas Raribebze 

anawilebda, saxelebiT CamoTvlida TiToeul 

maTgans da imas, Tu vis ramdeni rCeboda. netarma 

avgustinem naTesavebs araferi dautova, radgan 

mxolod biblioTeka gaCnda da isic hiponis eklesias 

uanderZa. igi fuls naTesavebs sicocxleSic 

55

mxolod maSin da imdens aZlevda, ramdensac hiponis 

eklesiis sxva gaWirvebuls miscemda. 

zogadad Crd. afrikis eklesiis klirikosebs 

Tavisi neba-surviliT mxolod im qonebis gankargva 

SeeZloT, romelic sasuliero wodebaSi Sesvlamde 

hqondaT SeZenili, an amis Semdeg, mxolod 

memkvidreobis an saCuqris saxiT miRebuli, sxva 

SemTxvevaSi, anu, roca qoneba sasuliero wodeba- 

Si yofnisas iyo SeZenili, is eklesias unda dar- 

Cenoda, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda sasuliero 

piri gankveTiliyo kidec. 


56 

1. Извеков Николай, Иерархия Северо-Африканской 

церкви. Вильна. 1884. 

Archil Khachidze 

Tbilisi Theological Academy 

Faculity of Theology 

Third year 

To manage church income and klerguman keeping questions 

in the church of north Africa 

Summary 

The subject is about the one of the oldest church of north Africa and 

the practice of Carthage church to distribute incomes and about the 

feeding of members of the church. in the subject is shortly retell about 

bishops and the meaning of clergymans and the place according this.

Tamar adamia 




I kursi 

“wminda ninos cxovrebis” paradigmatuli 

saxismetyveleba. xis simbolika 

me-4 saukune yvelaze mniSvnelovani periodia 

saqarTvelos istoriaSi .am epoqas ukavSirdeba 

movlena,romelmac,SeiZleba iTqvas,gansazRvra eris 

Semdgomi bedi,ganviTarebis gza da erTgvari gadatrialeba 

moaxdina adamianTa cnobierebaSi. es 

saqarTveloSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad 

gamocxadeba iyo. 

udavoa,rom warmartobidan qristianobaze gadasvla 

ar aris ioli,igi umtkivneules Zvrebs 

ukavSirdeba.amasTanave, Zalian sainteresoa kulturaTa 

cnobierebebis Serwymis,gardasaxva-gadamu- 

Savebis procesi,rac cxadad Tu dafaruladaa gamovlenili 

unikalur qarTul agiografiul nawarmoebSi_”wm.ninos 

cxovreba”. 

marTalia,Zegli me_9 saukuniT TariRdeba magram 

mecnierTa nawili miiCnevs,rom “ninos cxovrebis” 

teqsti sxvadasxva drosaa Sesrulebuli da 

masSi uZvelesi pasaJebis gamovlenaa SesaZlebe- 

57

li.r.siraZem “ninos cxovrebis” mxatvrul saxeTa 

sistemas mniSvnelovani gamokvleva uZRvna,romel- 

Sic gamokveTilia Txzulebis araerTi saxe-simbolo.am 

mravalsaxeobidan Cven varCevT xis simbolikas.Cveni 

Temis mizania,gamovkveToT “ninos cxovrebis” 

redaqciaTa mixedviT xeTa simboluri datvirTva.SevisawavloT,Tu 

ramdenad mihyveba igi mi- 

Toss da rogor xdeba misi “moqceva”;bibliuri 

wignebis, saRvTismetyvelo literaturis moSveliebiT 

davZebnoT misi winamZRvrebi da vaCvenoT misi 

paradigmuli Sinaarsi. 

sxvadasxva tradiciaSi bevri xe iTvleboda 

wmindad an magiurad.aseTi damokidebuleba xeebis 

jadosnuri Zalisadmi warmomdgaria primitiuli 

rwmenisagan,rom xeSi cxovroben RvTaebebi an sulebi.gasulierebuli 

xeebis simbolika Semonaxulia 

evropul folklorSi adamiani-xis da mwvane 

adamianis saxiT.xis jadosnuri Zala araerTxel 

vlindeba zRaprebSi. 

TandaTanobiT Zlevamosili xis idea,rogorc 

RvTaebrivi Zalis gamovlineba da SemaerTebeli 

cisa da miwisa gadaiqca simbolur gamoxatulebad 

sicocxlisa da kosmogoniuri xisa.misi fesvebi 

aris qvesknelSi,Rero amodis sknelSi,xolo misi 

wvero zecas swvdeba.es simbolo TiTqmis yvela 

58

xalxis miTologiaSia.es xe,sxvadasxva tradiciaSi 

izrdeba wminda mTaze an samoTxeSi da misi fesvebidan 

moedineba RvTaebrivi wyaro(2,82).adamini 

odiTganve eTayvaneboda am saocar qmnilebas. 

qarTul xalxur sityvierebaSi daculi sakmaod 

vrceli masala ki miuTiTebs,rom aranakleb 

popularuli unda yofiliyo xis kulti CvenSic. 

al.oCiauris xevsurul masalebSi daculia 

gadmocema Subnuris xatis daarsebis Taobaze.erTerTi 

ojaxis keraSi amosula ifnis xe,rac imis ni- 

Sani iyo,rom am adgils RvTaeba daepatrona.mar- 

Tlac,mosaxleobas miutovebia igi da aq Subnuris 

xati damkvidrebula.saintereso warmodgenebi ukav- 

Sirdeba xevsurTa saxlis Tavxes,romelsac kezi 

ewodeba.kezi Zalian msxvili xea da Zirs boZebi 

udgas.igi mTel saxls amagrebs,ris gamoc saxlSi 

mTavar sayrdenad Tvlian.amboben,rom yvela saxls 

yavs “mekeziswvre angelozi”,romelsac ojaxis 

mfarvelobas SesTxoven. 

am ori SemTxvevidan _ erTgan keraSi amosuli 

xe RvTaebis gamovlinebas warmoadgens,xolo 

meoregan saxlis sayrdenSi damkvidrebulia ojaxis 

mfarveli suli. 

orive magaliTi cxadhyofs,rom saxlis arqiteqturaSi 

Sesuli xis sakraluri xasiTi ukavSir- 

59

deba bunebaSi arsebuli,gaRmerTebuli xeebis 

rwmenas.xis kultis farTod gavrcaelebas saqar- 

TveloSi miuTiTeben iv.javaxiSvili,n.mari da 

v.bardaveliZe.maT xis kultis gadmonaSTebi daadastures 

rogorc yofaSi,ise werilobiT wyaroeb- 

Si kultmsaxurebaSi,enobriv monacemebsa da toponimikaSi 

aRsaniSnavia,rom saqarTvelos mTielTa 

Soris xis dargva salocavSi bevrad ufro mniSvnelovan 

samsaxurad iTvleboda,vidre cxovelis 

Sewirva(3,98) 

xis kultTan dakavSirebuli legendebi gviCvenebs,rom 

Cveni winaprebis kosmogoniur SexedulebebSi 

xes gardamavali rgolis funqciac ekisreboda.misi 

an xidan caSi asuli Sibis saSualebiT 

RvTaebebi,romlebic xSirad astralur sxeulebs 

ganasaxierebdnen,cidan eSvebodnen da xeze 

daivanebdnen(4,187).xe moiazreboda rogorc kavSiri 

casa da miwas Soris,rogorc dedaboZi,romelic 

samyaros centrSi iyo aRmarTuli da bibliuri 

iakobis kibis datvirTvas imeorebda.xe iyo nayofierebisa 

da sicocxlis ZalTa gamgebeli,samyarosa 

da,Sesabamisad,kulturis centri. 

“wminda ninos cxovrebis” uZveles,Satberdul-WeliSur 

redaqciaSi gvxvdeba xis kultTan 

dakavSirebuli araerTi epizodi,romelTa Seswav- 

60

liTa da amave nawarmoebis sxvadasxva redaqcieb- 

Tan SedarebiT araerTi saintereso Sexeduleba 

da varaudi warmoiSva. 

wm.ninos mier brinjis xisTvis Tavis Sefareba 

da masze jvris gamosaxva davukavSireT qarTulxalxur 

warmodgenebSi Semonaxul legendas,romlis 

Tanaxmadac,me-17 s. lanCxuTSi,eklesiis dangrevis 

Semdeg wm.giorgis xati davanebula iqve 

mdgomi muxis xis totebze. xati iqidan axladaSenebul 

eklesiaSi gadausvenebiaT,magram is isev xeze 

dabrunebula.ase grZeldeboda manam,sanam muxis 

adgilas axali eklesia ar aages,sadac xati sabolood 

damkvidrebula(4.187). 

rogorc vxedavT,RvTaebis miwieri sadgomi 

aris sakulto xe,romelic TavisTavad kultis 

obieqtia an sakulto nagebobasTan dgas.”wm.ninos 

cxovrebaSi” naxsenebi brinjis xec sakulto adgilas,armazis 

mTaze idga.wm.nino swored am sakralur 

adgilas mivida da jvris gamosaxviT erTgvarad 

qristes rwmeniT dabeWda,suli STabera,axali 

SinaarsiT datvirTa es miTologema.nawarmoebSi 

pirvelad swored am epizodSia warmodgenili mi- 

Tosuri xis qristianuli adaptacia.mxatvruli da 

saxismetyvelebiTi TvalsazrisiT metad mniSvnelovania 

wm.ninos sizmris epizodi,sadac saubaria 

61

samefo baRze,romlis aRwerilobac sakmaod damajereblad 

hgavs bibliuri samoTxis baRs,da 

frinvelebze ,romlebic mdinareSi Cadian,”babilosa 

moisTulebdian” da amboben,rom wm.ninos ekuTvnis 

samoTxe.sayuradreboa is momenti,rom sxvadasxva 

redaqciaSi sxvadasxva xezea saubari da zogan,misi 

saxeli saerTod ar ixsenieba.es faqti SeiZleba 

samefo baRis bibliuri samoTxis baRTan 

msgavsebis kidev erT magaliTad miviCnioT,radgan 

zustad ar aris cnobili Tu risi xe idga samoTxeSi.rogorc 

bibliur,ise am siuJetSi yuradReba 

gamaxvilebulia ara xeebis saxeobaze,aramed maT 

mniSvnelobaze,aseve SesaZlebelia,is mdinare,romelic 

samefo baRSi moedineboda da romelSic Citebi 

Cadiodnen,samoTxis baRis oTx mdinares davukavSiroT.frinveli 

suliwmindis simboloa,romelic 

mdinareSi Cadis,anu erTgvarad simbolurad 

madls gadascems,romelic Semdgom mTel baRs moefineba.samoTxis 

oTx mdinaresac,romlebic sicocxlis 

xesTan iRebda saTaves,sasicocxlo energia 

gadahqonda samyaros oTxive kuTxeSi(8,73).Tu wina 

epizods qarTuli xalxuri legenda davukavSireT,rogorc 

vxedavT,am SemTxvevaSi ukve bibliur 

winamZRvrebTan gvaqvs saqme . 

62

Zalian sainteresoa samefo baRSi sparsi xuras 

gankurnebis epizodi,radgan aRniSnul monakveTSi 

kargad Cans,Tu raoden didi Zalis matarebelia 

odesRac warmarTuli xis kulti,rogori 

siwmindiTa da saswaulebrivi ZaliT gamoirCeva.kurneba 

swored am gamorCeuli xeebis samyofelSi 

aResruleba,radgan is qristianuli madliT 

aivso,Zvels daefuZna axali,qristianuli 

cnobiereba. 

saxismetyvelebis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania 

abiaTar mRvdlis monaTxrobi mcxeTeli uriebis 

mier mis “baginTan”mdgari xis moWris Sesaxeb,radgan 

am epizodSi SegviZlia aRmovaCinoT 

warmarTuli rwmenis kvali,romlis mixedviTac 

xis waqceva,moWra niSnavda xis sulis mokvlas,rwmenis 

Seryevas.SesaZloa am aqtiT mcxeTeli 

uriebi mRvdlisTvis sarwmunoebrivi zianis miyenebas 

apirebdnen.d.frezeri wignSi “zolotaia 

vetv” aRniSnavs,rom Zveli slavebi muxas eTayvanebodnen 

da roca qristianebs am wminda xeebis moWra 

dauwyiaT,xalxi Zalian ganicdida,radgan es ma- 

Ti rwmenis mospobas niSnavdao. 

sayuradReboa sajvre xesTan dakavSirebuli 

epizodi,romlis moWris TariRad miCneulia 25 

marti da Zalin sainteresoa,rom swored am dges 

63

xdeboda warmarTuli kultis mixedviT sakulto 

xis moWra.es xe Tavisuflad SegviZlia davukavSiroT 

bibliur sicocxlis xes,romlis Sesaxeb warmodgenebi 

farTod Cans gavrcelebuli mTel saqaTveloSi.v.bardaveliZis 

mixedviT,sicocxlis xis 

variantebia CiCilaki,aseve saqorwino ritualebSi 

gavrcelebuli “maSxala” an “CiraRdani”.rogorc 

vxedavT,erTi da igive monakveTi erTdroulad 

bibliur simbolikasac atarebs da Zvel qarTul 

xalxur warmodgenebsac exmaureba.Cven SegviZlia 

davimowmoT r.siraZis mosazreba,rom “wm.ninos 

cxovrebaSi “ uSualo Sexvedra gvaqvs miTosuri 

da Suasaukuneobrivi saxismetyvelebisa. 

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia 

davaskvnaT,rom xe uZvelesi miTologiuri 

kultmsaxurebis obieqtia rogorc msoflioSi,ise 

saqarTveloSi.sxvadasxva tradiciaSi is iyo gaazrebuli,rogorc 

sicocxlis,sikvdilisa da ganaxlebis,dinamiuri 

zrdis,cisa dam iwis kavSiris,RvTaebaTa 

sadguris da TviTon RvTaebis simbolo.da 

bolos,rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,qristianulma 

sarwmunoebam es warmarTuli simbolo 

ki ar akrZala da uaryo _ SeiTvisa da axleburad 

gaiazra,qristianul kanonikas moargo.am ori kulturis 

Serwyma-morigebis magaliTebi ki TvalsaCi- 

64

nodaa warmodgenili unikalur qarTul agiografiul 

nawarmoebSi “wminda ninos cxovreba”. 


1.revaz siraZe; “qarTuli agiografia” ;nakaduli 

;Tbilisi; 1987w. 

2.simboloTa leqsikoni; jek tresideri; moskovi; 

2001w. 

3.v.bardaveliZe; ”uZvelesi religiuri warmodgenebi”; 

1957w 

4.i.surgulaZe;” qarTuli xalxuri ornamentis simbolika”; 

Tbilisi; 1993w. 

5.Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi; 

t. 1; Tbilisi;1963w. 

6.”cxovreba wminda ninosi Sedgenili didis arsenic 

qarTlisa kaTalikozisa mier”;gamocema saeklesio 

muzeumisa; Tbilisi;1902w. 

7.ucnobi avtoris “ninos cxovreba”;qarTuli proza; 

Tbilisi; 1982w. 

8.simboloTa,niSanTa da emblemaTa enciklopedia; 

moskovi; 2 000w. 

9.”moqcevai qarTlisai”; axladaRmoCenili sinuri 

redaqciebi ;Tbilisi;2007w. 

65

10.a.SaniZe; qarTuli xalxuri poezia;xevsuruli;Tbilisi; 

1931w. 

11. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis Zeglebi;Satberdis 

krebuli; mecniereba;Tbilisi;1979w. 

12.k.kekeliZe; etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis 

istoriidan; Tbilisi;1956w. 

Tamar Adamia 



S u m m a r y 

It’s a khown fact, that in old times some people edolized trees. 

The tree is one of the Symbols in christian religion too. 

Imaging coposition is about threes heathenish and Christian 

simbolic which is shown in “Life of saint Nino” 

66

gvanca burduli 





specialoba_saqarTvelos istoria 

wminda mamaTa swavlebani siyvarulisa da 

sinanulisaTvis 

(basili didi, ioane oqropiri, 

efrem asuri) 

Q 

qristianobis umTavresi mcneba siyvarulia. gankacebuli 

ufali aris yovelis arsebis mizezi da 

piroba. Qqristianobam sul sxva saxiT dagvanaxa 

RvTis arsi: “RmerTi siyvarul ars” (ioane 4,8) – 

vkiTxulobT saxarebaSi. esaa yvelaze saukeTeso 

ganszRvra RvTis bunebisa da Cvendami misi damokidebulebisa. 

Aamitomac namdvili qristianis mTeli 

moRvaweoba gansaxierebaa WeSmariti siyvarulisa 

da saTnoebisa, radganac igi grZnobs, rom ufali 

misi usazRvrod mosiyvarule, mowyale da codva- 

Ta mimtevebelia. 

Mmxolod uflis siyvaruli aris erTaderTi 

gza, romelsac adamiani WeSmaritebis Secnobamde 

mihyavs. Mmxolod RvTis siyvaruli aniWebs adami- 

67

ans im madls, romelic mas sikeTis samsaxurSi 

ayenebs. 

rodesac mociquleba hkiTxes macxovars, Tu 

ra iyo Yyvelaze umTavresi mcneba, macxovarma upasuxa: 

“Seiyvaro ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa 

SeniTa da YyovliTa suliTa SeniTa da 

YyovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa. Eese ars didi da pirveli 

mcnebai da meore, msgavsi misi: “Seiyvaro 

moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Tvisi.” (maTe, 37-39) um- 

Tavresi mainc siyvarulis mcnebaa. 

Qqristianuli cxovrebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

safexuria sinanuli da aRsareba. Qqristiani 

mudam unda fiqrobdes Tavis codvebze. yuradRebiT 

unda Cxrekdes ara marto saqciels, aramed 

gulis siRmesac. 

Aam TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa 

wminda mamaTa swavlebebi. amjerad mxolod basili 

didisa, ioane oqropirisa da efrem mcires 

swavlebebze SevCerdebi romelic siyvarulsa da 

sinanuls exeba. 

B basili didi werda, rom adamianis dacema da 

uflisagan moSoreba codviT iwyeba, amitomac yoveli 

adamiani Tavis-TavSi unda ebrZodes codvas 

da ganeSoros mas. Ppirvel rigSi adamianma unda 

68

mospos Tavis-TavSi codvis mizezi, risi saSvalebac 

adamianebs Tavdad ufalma uboZa. 

wminda mama Tvlis, rom codviT dacema adamianisa 

pirvel rigSi gulis dabinZurebiT iwyeba. 

ukeTuri saqmeebi boroti ganzraxvidan modis, xolo 

ufalma ki adamianebs yoveli ukeTuris dasaTrguunda 

sikeTe uboZa. 

U ufalma yovel borotebas sikeTe daupirispira 

da adamianebsac cxovrebaSi am principiT xelmZRvaneloba 

urCia. Mmankierebebis daZleva sxvadasxva 

saSualebebiT SeiZleba. Aai, ras wers basili 

didi amis 

Sesaxeb: “RmerTs moucia Cvenda sabrZolvelad, 

gansaromelad yovlisagan borotisa, TiToeulad 

wina-aRsadgomli: winaaRsadgomlad bnelisanaTeli, 

da simwarisa- sitkboebai, da Zilisa winaaRsadgomlad 

– mRviZarebai da SimSilisa- ganZRomai, 

gemoTmoyvarebisa- marxvai, Surisa – siyvaruli, 

ampartavnebisa – simdable da sinanuli.” 21 

Aadamianis cxovrebaSi movlenili gansacdeli 

Tu sixaruli uflis mieraa daSvebuli, amitomac 

wminda mamaebi gvaswavlian, rom yovelive sixaruli 

iqneba Tu satanjveli madlobiT SevxvdeT, 

21 

wminda mamaTa swavlani; gv. 187. Tb. 2002 

69

adgan RvTis nebis gareSe araferi xdeba cxovrebaSi. 

Uuflismier dawesebuli kanonebiT cxovreba da 

am gzaze siaruli arc iseTi advilia, rogorc SeiZelba 

erTi SexedvT Candes, magram roca adamiani 

erTxel am gzas daadgeba, sxvagan aRar unda gadauxvios, 

radgan maSin sasjeli ufro didia. 

“ukeTu ganewesos kaci marjveniT, ara miidrikos 

igi marcxeniT da ukeTu ara uvar-yos samar- 

Tali ara SeerTos igi sacdursa usamarTlobisasa.” 

B basili didi werda, rom qristes mcnebaTa 

dacva iyo pirveli gamomxatveli uflismieri sayvarulisa, 

xolo vinc ar icavda qristes mcnebebs, 

mas arc ufali uyvarda. 22 

wminda mama ioane oqropiri Tvlida, rom adamianis 

ganwmendis erTaderTi saSvaleba sinanulia, 

radgan sinanulSi myof adamians ufali Seundobs 

da Seiwyalebs. ase Saewyala ufalma sinanulSi 

myofi petre. 

ioane oqropiri sinanulSi myof adamians dasneulebuls, 

sikvdilis piras misuls adarebda, 

romelic mkurnalisa da moZRvris meSveobiT gani- 

22 RvTisaTno cxovrebis wesebi- wminda basili didi; Tb. 

2005 

70

kura, ise codvils, codviT dacemuls aRadgens 

ufali Senanebis Semdeg. 

“moviswrafoT cremlTa sinanulad, rameTu 

cremlTa mier aRadgina qristeman safalviT lazare 

oTxisa dRisa mkudari, rajams-igi mariam dai 

misi cremloda winaSe misa.” 

“moviswrafoT sinanulad mowyalebiTa glaxak- 

Ta, obolTa da qvrivTa da romelni-igi daglaxaknes 

mermisisaTvis simdidrisa. mieciT mas, romelman 

igi Tqva, viTarmed “mSioda da ara meciT me 

Wamadi; mwyuroda da ara masviT; ucxo viyav da 

ara SemiwynareT me; SiSuel viyav da ara SemmoseT 

me; sapyrobiles viyav da ara moxved Cemda.” ( maTe 

25, 42-42) 

ioane oqropiris swavlebiT gza xsnisa da 

codviT dacemulis aRdgomisa aris mowyaleba da 

qvelmoqmedeba, radgan Tavad ufali aris mowyale 

da saxieri, radganac ufali Seundobs kacT mraval 

Secodebas, aseve adamianebsac misca Zala Sewyalebisa 

da Sendobisa. 

codva udidesi satanjvelia, radgan yovelgavri 

codva nebayofilebiT uaris Tqmaa RvTaebriv 

naTelze, xolo yovelgvari codva Secodebaa Tavad 

siyvarulis winaaRmdeg, imdenad ramdenadac 

ufali Tavad siyvarulia. 

71

ac Seexeba siyvaruls, ioane oqropirma ase 

martivad ganmarta igi: “siyvaruli aris saZirkveli, 

wyaro da deda yovelTa keTilTa”, rasac sxva 

wminda mamebic eTanxmebian. isaak asurma siyvaruli 

zeciur samoTxes Seadara, xes cxovrebisas, 

sufevas uflisas, rac fasalmuniT gavmcno. (fs. 

109,15) 

rogorc Cveni wminda mamebi aseve efrem asuric 

adamianis cxovrebis gamsazRvrel faqtorad siyvaruls 

miiCnevs da mas umTavres adgils miakuTvnebs. 

Eefrem asuris swavlebiT siyvaruliT gake- 

Tebul saqmeebs ufali Seiwiravs, siyvaruli aris 

is Zala, romelic ixsnis adamianebs codvisagan, 

magaram wminda mama gvaswavlis aseve imasac, rom 

crua is adamiani vinc ambobs ufali miyvarso da 

gverdSi mdgomi moyvasis siyvaruli ar gaaCnia. 

“ mtyuar ars da WeSmaritebai ara ars mis Tana, 

rameTu romelasa ara uyvardes Zmai Tvisi, romel 

ixila, viTar uyvardes RmerTi, romel ara uxilavs?” 

( ioane, 4,20) 

cxadia, rom uflis siyvaruli moyvasis siyvaruls 

gulisxmobs, TviT rjulic amazea damyarebuli, 

radgan RvTis mcnebaTa Sesruleba siyvaruliT 

SeiZleba mxolod. 

72

wminda efrem mcires swavlebiT ar arsebobs 

qveyanaze da arc caTa Sina upatiosnesi imaze, rogoric 

siyvarulia. saRmrTo siyvaruli aris saTave 

yovelive sikeTisa, siyvaruli aris mizezi saTnoebisa 

da udidesi magaliTi siyvarulisa da misken 

mowodebisa TviTon ufalia. 

U ufalma siyvaruliT sikvdili daTrguna. siyvarulma 

samoTxis kari gaaRo da caTa sasufeveli 

Seamzada mokvdavTaTvis. ioanes saxareba ki gvamcnobs, 

rom imaze didi siyavruli ar arsebobs am 

qveyanaze, roca moyvasisaTvis Tavganwirva SeuZlia 

adamians. 

U uflismier siyvarulTan dakavSirebiT marTebuli 

iqneba Tu gavixsenebT uwmindesisa da unetaresis 

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis 

ilia meoris sityvebs: 

“ axalSobili yrmis, ieso qristes saxiT 

RvTaebrivi siyvaruli gardamovida qveynad, raTa 

adamiani sauflo didiebis Tanaziari gamxdariyo. 

RvTis gankacebis diad saidumlos bolomde verasdros 

Seicnobs Cveni goneba. Uufalma ganxorcielebiT 

cxadyo Tavisi unapiro siyvaruli kacTa 

modgmisaTvis, siyvaruli, romeli aris aRmadginebeli, 

mkurnali, SemakavSirebeli, gadamrCeneli. 

beTlemis gamoqvabulis bagaSi mwoli Cvili, mac- 

73

xovari maradiuli magaliTia Tavmdablobisa, maswavlebeli 

Tanadgomisa, Zmobisa, Tanasworobisa, 

Tanxmobisa da siyvarulisa. 

Aam saTnoebebiT, rom SevimosoT, jer sakuTar 

sulSi Caxedva unda SevZloT, unda SevicnoT Tavi 

Tvisi.” 23 

Dda marTlac siyvaruli Znelad asaxsneli 

grZnobaa, magram erTi ram ki cxadia, rom siyvaruli 

RvTisagan gamodis da amave dros Cveni mimyvanebelia 

RmerTTan. 

Ggamoyenebuli literatura 

1) saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari; Tbilisi; 

1989 

2) saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari; Tbilisi; 

1995 

3) saRvTimetyvelo krebuli #2; Tbilisi; 1897 

4) RvTisaTno cxovrebis wesebi – wminda mama basili 

didi kesaria- kabadokiis arqiepiskoposi; 

Tbilisi; 2005 

5) wmindanTa cxovreba; t. I; Tbilisi; 2003 

6) wminda mamaTa swavlani (basili didi, ioane 

oqropiri, wm. efrem asuri da sxvani); Tbilisi; 

2002 

7) qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia; Tbilisi; 

1979 

23 

saRvTismetyvelo krebuli ; Tbilisi; 1987 

74

MGvanca Burduli 




direction of history of Georgia 

Saint Fathers tought about love and regert 

It is very interesting to know saint fathers explanation about 

real love and regert.The main point af this work is that fact that 

“God is love.” 

It is very difficult to explaine what is love but it is clear that it 

comes from God and it is the oniy way which lead people away to 

God. 

75

giorgi gelutaSvili 



II kursi 

ierusalimis jvris monastris metoqi 

jvarismamis eklesia TbilisSi 

mravalsaukunovani qarTuli saxelmwifos istoriis 

sxvadasxva etapze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba 

eniWeba mis saerTaSoriso kontaqtebsa da 

kavSir-urTierTobebs. 

saerTaSoriso sarbielze uZvelesi droidan 

did rols asrulebdnen, rogorc saero, ise sasuliero 

moRvaweni. 

uflis moRvaweobis vrceli areali palestinaierusalimi 

adreve moeqca Cvens gonier winaparTa 

yuradRebis sferoSi. isini didad zrunavdnen 

@”wmida miwaze” qarTvelTa saqmianobis gasafarToeblad. 

ierusalimTan saqarTvelos urTierToba saukuneTa 

siRrmeSi iRebs saTaves. 

qarTvel saxelmwifo da sasuliero moRvaweTa 

erToblivma Zalisxmevam daamSvena palestinis 

sxvadasxva adgili, gansakuTrebiT “wminda qalaqi” 

– ierusalimi. 

76

qristianobis gavrcelebas Tan mohyva eklesiamonastrebis 

mSenebloba, rogorc saqarTveloSi 

ise mis farglebs gareT. 

ierusalimis eklesia-monastrebSi qarTvelebis 

moRvaweobis xana, anu rogorc xSirad ixsenieba, 

ierusalimis qarTuli koloniis istoria, moicavs 

daaxloebiT Tormetsaukunovan periods: V s-is 

pirveli naxevridan, petre iberis mier ierusalim- 

Si da mis maxloblad qarTuli monastrebis daarsebidan, 

XVIII s-is dasawyisamde, rodesac qarTvelebma 

dakarges uflebebi TavianT monastrebze.(1, 

69-92) 

saqarTvelos politikuri Sesustebisa da samefo-samTavroebad 

daSlas ucxoeTSi mdebare qar- 

Tul monastrebsac daetyo. Semcirda saqarTvelodan 

wasuli berebisa da momlocvelebis raodenobac, 

ris gamoc mZime ekonomikur viTarebaSi aRmoCnda 

ierusalimis jvris monasteri. 

qarTveli mefeebi da didebulebi xSirad swiravdnen 

ierusalimis wminda adgilebs sxvadasxva 

Sewirulobebs. (2,14) 

TandaTanobiT, saqarTvelos mefe-mTavrebis ga- 

Rebuli Sewiruloba aRar kmaroda sameurneo xarjebisa 

da osmalTagan dadebuli gadasaxadebis 

dasafaravad. 

77

amitom Tavisi ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gansamtkiceblad 

monastrebs sWirdebodaT (stabiluri) 

Semosavali, rac umTavresad mxolod uZravi 

qonebis mesakuTreobas SeeZlo uzrunveleyo. 

cnobebi ierusalimis metoqi eklesiebis Sesaxeb 

qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi dadasturebulia 

XVI-XVII saukunidan da dakavSirebulia yma-mamulis 

SewirvasTan ierusalimisadmi, romelic daiwyo 

am droidan saqarTvelos teritoriaze. XVI s- 

is dasasrulze ufro adrindeli cnobebi jvris 

monastris kuTvnili eklesiebisa da yma-mamulebis 

Sesaxeb, romlebic aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi (da 

saerTod saqarTveloSi) mdebareobdnen,@@ ar mogvepoveba. 

sainteresoa, rom aseTi cnobebi ar SeunaxavT 

jvris monastris svinaqsarul aRapebs, maSin, 

rodesac es aRapebi warmogvidgenen mdidar masalas 

im SewirulebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic misdioda 

jvars XI-XVII saukuneebis manZilze. maT Soris 

aris cnobebi im uZravi qonebis Sesaxeb, romelsac 

flobda jvari palestinaSi (3,14) 

metoqi, rogorc am sityvas sulxan-saba ganmartavs, 

aris “samyofi monacvle”. (4) Zveli qarTuli 

enis leqsikonSi metoqis Sesaxeb weria: “monastris 

kuTvnili daqvemdebarebuli eklesia mamuliT” (5) 

78

iv. javaxiSvili ,,cxovreba ioanesi da efTÂmesi” 

da aTonis aRapebidan motanili magaliTebis ganxilvisas 

werda: “metoqis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebas 

is garemoeba Seadgens, rom igi monastris ,,gareT” 

mdebareobda, xSirad moSorebiTac… metoqebSi 

xilnarebi da sasoflo meurneobis sxva dargis 

uZravi qoneba hqondaT, rasakvirvelia, eklesiac 

iyo. amgvarad, irkveva, rom metoqi monastris er- 

Tnairi axalSeni iyo, romelic mTavari deda monastrisagansaWiro 

sameurneo, an sxva raime miznebs 

emsaxureboda, magaliTad mimosvlisas, rogorc 

gzaze sadgomi sastumro. (6,25-26) amgvarad, 

metoqi anu nacvali eklesiebi, DSendeboda mTavari 

monastrisagan Sors mdebare samonastro mamulSi 

da warmoadgenda administraciul centrs maTi 

marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi. jvris monasteri aRm. saqarTveloSi 

miwebs flobda qar- 

Tlisa da kaxeTis samefoSi, Sesabamisad 

ToToeul am kuTxeSi 

jvars ekuTvnoda erTi an ramdenime 

eklesia. (7,116-120) 

jvaris mamis eklesia 

ierusalimis jvris monasters TbilisSi ekuTvnoda 

jvaris mamis eklesia, rogorc saxelwodeba 

79

migvaniSnebs is iyo ierusalimis arqimandritis, 

jvris monastris winamZRvris da yma-mamulebis gamgeblis, 

jvaris mamis rezidencia, “ierusalimis mamaTa 

sadguri.” (8,5) eklesia mdebareobs Zvel TbilisSi, 

sionis mopirdapire mxares. vaxuSti bagrationi 

mis Sesaxeb ambobs: “eklesia jvaris, gumba- 

Tiani, mSvenieri.”(9,55) igi miCneulia XVI s-is meore 

naxevris nagebobad.(10,32,;51) platon ioseliani 

CvenTvis ucnob, romeliRac wyaroze dayrdnobiT 

wers, rom ierusalimis sapatriarqos ukve V saukuneSive 

hqonia TbilisSi Tavisi metoqi eklesia, 

romelic dangreula XIV s-is bolos Temur-lengis 

Semosevis Sedegad. MmogvianebiT, mis nangrevebze 

aSenebula axali dRemde arsebuli. garda amisa, 

jvaris mamis eklesia Tavisi arsebobis manZilze 

iyo metoqi ierusalimis sami qarTuli monastrisa: 

ilia winaswarmetyvelisa, jvarisa da wminda 

iakobisa. jvaris mamis istoriis aseTi adreuli 

xanis Sesaxeb garda platon ioselianis am 

cnobisa, sxva raime sabuTi ar mogvepoveba. (11,27) 

dokumenturad dadasturebuli cnobebi jvaris mamis 

eklesiis Sesaxeb gvxvdeba XVII s-is dasasrulidan. 

ierusalimis patriarqi dosiTeosi (1666- 

1707ww.) erT-erT Tavis werilSi Txovs erekle I-s, 

rom man gamouyos jvris monasters erTi eklesia 

80

TbilisSi, sadac misi warmomadgeneli papa sergi 

moawyobda senakebs wminda saflavis mamebisaTvis. 

Nnazaralixanis(erekle 1) mier 1692 wels gacemul 

erT sabuTSi naTqvamia: “mokiTxul vqeniT da aq qalaqSi, 

jvaris monastris metoqi saydari yofiliyo. 

JamTa viTarebisagan iq, im saydris garSemo, 

somxebi dasaxlebuliyvnen. isini iqdan avyareT da 

is adgili, viTac jvaris monastrisa yofiliyo, is 

jvaris monasters SevwireT da jvaris mama par- 

Tens uboZeT"(12) disiTeos patriarqis werils exmaureba 

1694 wels nazaralixanis mier gacemuli 

kidev erTi sabuTi, sadac weria: ”viguleT da vigulsmodgineT 

raiTamca mcired raime msaxurebabina 

taZrisa TqvenisaTvis, awe vixileT tfilis qalaqsa 

Sina metoqi jvaris monastrisa eklesia Jam- 

Ta viTarebisagan gaoxrebuliyo, ganvawmendineT da 

wmindiT aiazmiT vakurTxebineT tfilel mitropolit 

domentis.”(13) imave sabuTSi aRniSnulia, rom 

eklesiis maxloblad mcxovrebi ori komli erovnebiT 

somxebi, vinme yuTluaSvilebi jvris monastrisaTvis 

SeuwiravT da, rogorc amgvar SemTxvevaSi 

xdeboda xolme, yovelgvari saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan 

gauTavisuflebiaT. 

aRniSnul sabuTebSi yuradRebas iqcevs eklesiis 

maxloblad mcxovrebi somxebis ayra, xolo 

81

Semdeg maTi Sewirva jvris monastrisadmi. b. arvelaZis 

azriT es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo Semdegi 

mizeziT: somexi moqalaqeebis kompaqturad dasaxleba 

qarTuli eklesiebis maxloblad xSirad 

mTavrdeboda imiT, rom isini epatronebodnen xolme 

am eklesiebs da gadaaqcevdnen maT somxur eklesiebad, 

sxva SemTxvevaSi marTlac gaugebaria, 

ratom unda moeTxova nazaralixans am teritoriebis 

somexi moqalaqeebisagan gaTavisufleba. (14,28) 

imave sabuTSi aRniSnulia, rom eklesiis maxloblad 

mcxovrebi ori komli erovnebiT somxebi, 

vinme yuTluaSvilebi jvris monastrisaTvis SeuwiravT 

da, rogorc amgvar SemTxvevaSi xdeboda 

xolme, yovelgvari saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan 

gauTavisuflebiaT. 

aRniSnul sabuTebSi yuradRebas iqcevs eklesiis 

maxloblad mcxovrebi somxebis ayra, xolo 

Semdeg maTi Sewirva jvris monastrisadmi. b. arvelaZis 

azriT es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo Semdegi 

mizeziT: somexi moqalaqeebis kompaqturad dasaxleba 

qarTuli eklesiebis maxloblad xSirad 

mTavrdeboda imiT, rom isini epatronebodnen xolme 

am eklesiebs da gadaaqcevdnen maT somxur eklesiebad, 

sxva SemTxvevaSi marTlac gaugebaria, 

82

atom unda moeTxova nazaralixans am teritoriebis 

somexi moqalaqeebisagan gaTavisufleba (15,28). 

rogorc am warweridan irkveva karibWe da saxlebi 

auSenebiaT 1825 w-s. es karibWe XX saukunis 

20-ian wlebamde jer kidev arsebobda.(16,28) (amJamad 

aRniSnuli karibWis qva samreklos karibWeSia 

CaSenebuli. g. g.).\ 

eklesiis aRmosavleT kedelze marcxena mxares 

aris qvis fila berZnul-rusul-qarTuli warweriT. 

berZnuli warweris qarTuli Targmani aseTia: “ arqimandriti 

ieroTeosis samoseli ganisvenebs Rmer- 

TSi. 12 noemberi 1896 w.” 

yuradRebas iqcevs, agreTve, erTi garemoeba: saistorio 

wyaroebSi ierusalimis jvris monastris 

metoqi eklesia TbilisSi ramdenimenairadaa moxseniebuli. 

nazaralixanis mier gacemul sabuTSi igi 

iwodeba “jvris monastris metoqi saydari.” (17) 

anton kaTalikosi uwodebs “jvris mamis monasters”, 

xolo 1844 wels Sedgenil eklesiaTa nusxa- 

Si meeqvse adgilze dgas da ixsenieba “ierusalimis 

jvaris amaRlebis eklesia.” (18) 

saistorio sabuTebidan aSkaraa, rom saqarTveloSi 

ierusalimis miwismflobeloba ZiriTadad 

Camoyalibda XVI saukunis meore naxevridan, XVII 

s-is meore naxevramde da miwebis Sewirvis parale- 

83

lurad xdeboda eklesiebis Sewirvac. jvarismamis 

eklesia warmoadgenda yma-mamulebis mmarTveli 

berZeni sasuliero piris rezidencias. misi aSenebis 

dro XVI saukunis meore naxevriTaa daTariRebuli 

da amave droisaTvis unda iyos Sewiruli 

ierusalimisadmi. 


1. e. mamisTvalisSvili. qarTvelebi da bibliuri 

samyaro, Tb., 1998, 

2. el. metreveli. masalebi ierusalimis qar- 

Tuli koloniis istoriisaTvis (XI-XVII saukuneebi), 

Tb., 1962, 

3. iqve 

4. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, 

t. II, Tb., 1991 

5. il. abulaZe, Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, 

Tb., 1973 

6. n. xuciSvili, ierusalimis jvris monastris 

miwis mflobeloba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1999, 

7. n. xuciSvili, istoriul-filologiuri krebuli, 

Tb., 1997, ierusalimis jvris monastris 

metoqi eklesiebi 

8. pl. ioseliani, cxovreba giorgi XII, Tb., 

1978, 

84

9. vaxuSti bagrationi, saqarTvelos geografia, 

Tb., 1997 

10. v. beriZe, XVI-XVIII saukuneebis qarTuli saeklesio 

xuroTmoZRvreba, Tb., 1999 

11. v. beriZe, iqve; n. xuciSvili, ierusalimis 

jvris monastris miwis mflobeloba saqar- 

TveloSi, Tb., 1999, 

12. saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivi 

(scsa), 1450-51/183 

13. scsa, 1450-51/177 

14. n. xuciSvili, ierusalimis jvris monastris 

miwis mflobeloba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1999 

15. v. dondua. kalmasoba, rogorc yofa-cxovrebiTi 

movlena Zvel saqarTveloSi, v. beriZe. 

XVI-XVIII saukuneebis qarTuli saeklesio 

xuroTmoZRvreba, Tb., 1999, 

16. v. beriZe, iqve 

17. scsa, 1450-51/188 

18. xelnawerTa instituti. AD-799 

85

Summary 

In the work presented us we discussed as fast as possible 

the church (dependent on the Jerusalem Cross Monastery), 

the history of the Cross Father church. The exact date of the 

church's construction is not know, but it considered to be 

built in the second half of the 16 th century. 

Supposedly Cross Father Church was donated to the 

Jerusalem Cross Monastery immediately after it was built 

and was the residence of the archimandrites who had arrived 

from Jerusalem and were the rulers of patrimony. 

86

naTia Skubuliani 



iuridiuli fakulteti 

I kursi 

mcire sjuliskanonisa” 

da Tanamedrove qarTuli sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsis SedarebiTi 

analizisaTvis 

(mkvlelobis Sesaxeb) 

saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebs qristianul qveynebSi, 

da kerZod, saqarTveloSi, moqmedi samar- 

Tlis mniSvneloba hqondaT. aseTi Zeglebi orgvaria: 

msoflio krebebis kanonmdebloba, romelic 

gadmoTargmnili iyo qarTulad da qarTuli, e.i. 

adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebi. 

“mcire sjuliskanoni” swored msoflio krebebis 

kanonmdeblobas miekuTvneba, romelic aTonis 

iverTa monasterSi moRvawe qarTvelma saeklesio 

samarTlis cnobilma specialistma eqvTime mTawmindelma 

Seadgina, berZnuli kanonikuri samar- 

Tlis sxvadasxva wyaros gadamuSavebisa da masSi 

qarTuli masalebis Setanis gziT. Zegli Sedgenilia 

1005-1028 wlebSi. 

sasurveli iqneba, oriode sityviT ganvixiloT 

ra kavSiria “mcire sjuliskanonsa” da “did 

sjuliskanons” Soris. am ori Zeglis Sedarebisas 

87

irkveva, rom garkveul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT 

maTi avtorebi erTi da imave wyaroebiT sargeblobdnen. 

bralis sakiTxi orive ZeglSi erTnairad 

aris gadmocemuli. maT Soris gansxvaveba 

terminebSi SeiniSneba. “didi sjuliskanoni” gansakuTrebiT 

mdidaria samarTlebrivi Sinaarsis terminebiT. 

“mcire sjuliskanoni” oTxi nawilisgan 

Sedgeba: 1) meeqvse msoflio krebis (trulis 692w. 

kreba) kanonebi. 2) kanonni SecodebulTani ioane 

mmarxvelisa. 3) kanonni dRiTi-dReTa cdomaTani. 4) 

Zeglis wera sarwmunoebisa. eqvTime mTawmindelma 

msoflio saeklesio krebis kanonebi gadaamuSava 

da qarTul sinamdviles miusadaga. am ZeglSi mravali 

muxli Tavad eqvTimes dawerilia. “mcire 

sjuliskanoni” metad mniSvnelovan cnobebs Seicavs 

sisxlis samarTlis problemebis Sesaxeb. 

kerZod, danaSaulis, sasjelis Sesaxeb da rac 

mTavaria, masSi damuSavebulia bralis problema 

da misi calkeuli saxeebi. 

ioane monazoni Tavis SromaSi – “kanonni 

SecodebulTani” – acxadebs, rom amqveynad rva 

xorcieli codva arsebobs, rogoricaa siZva, mru- 

Soba, mamaTmavloba, sisxlaRreva, uasakoTgamxrwneloba 

da a.S. Tumca, yvelaze uares codvad 

88

nebsiT da uneblie mkvlelobas miiCnevs. swored 

am danaSaulis sakiTxs ganvixilavT winamdebare 

naSromSi da SevecdebiT, aq moyvanili mkvlelobis 

saxeebi da sasjelebi dRevandelobisas SevadaroT. 

upriani iqneba, “mcire sjuliskanonTan” er- 

Tad mokled ganvixiloT Tanamedrove sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris 

1993 wlis 26 dekembris gankargulebiT dafuZnda 

samarTlebrivi reformis saxelmwifo komisia, 

romelmac miznad daisaxa samarTlis Ziri- 

Tad dargebSi fundamenturi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis 

– kodeqsebis momzadeba. qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsis SemmuSavebeli dargobrivi komisiis 

Sromis Sedegad Seiqmna kodeqsi, romelic 

saqarTvelos parlamentma 1999 wlis 22 ivliss miiRo. 

xolo ukve 2000 wlis 1 ivnisidan sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsi ZalaSi Sevida da amoqmedda. am 

sakanonmdeblo aqtis Seqmna mniSvnelovani movlenaa 

Cveni qveynis istoriaSi. * 

ioane monazoni Tavis SromaSi mkvlelobis 

Sesaxeb Zalzed mcire informacias gvawvdis. mas 

erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli aqvs nebsiTi da uneb- 

* saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi. 2007 w. 

89

lie mkvleloba da ar saubrobs mis sxva saxeebze. 

danaSaulis aseT dayofas dRevandeli terminologiiT 

ganzraxva da gaufrTxilebloba Seesabameba. 

avtoris azriT, “nebsiTi mkvlelobis codva 

aris yvelaze ufro gaumarTlebeli, Tumca arc 

esaa miutevebeli. rac Seexeba uneblie mkvlelobas, 

igi Rirsia yovelgvari Sendobisa rogorc advilad 

gasamarTlebeli.” * aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, 

rom XI saukunis dasawyisSi, anu im periodSi, 

rodesac “mcire sjuliskanoni” Seiqmna, sasjelis 

ZiriTad saxes uziarebloba warmoadgenda. amis 

Sesabamisad, nebsiTi mkvlelobis epitimia oc weliwads 

Seadgenda, xolo unebliesi – aTs. 

saqarTvelos konstituciis me–15 muxlis 

mixedviT, sicocxle adamianis xelSeuvali uflebaa 

da mas icavs kanoni. igi uzenaes samarTlebriv 

Rirebulebas warmoadgens.* sisxlis samarTlis 

kodeqsic, ra Tqma unda, Seesabameba konstitucias 

da sicocxlis mospobisTvis gansakuTrebiT mZime 

sasjelebs awesebs. ganzraxi mkvleloba isjeba 

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT Svididan Txutmet 

wlamde da mas gaaCnia sxvadasxva saxeebi: ganzrax 

mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebaSi, mkvleloba 

* “mcire sjuliskanoni”. Tbilisi.2003w. gv 3 

90

msxverplis TxovniT, mkvleloba uecari, Zlieri 

sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi, adamianis 

TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana, dedis mier axalSobilis 

ganzraxi mkvleloba da a.S. xolo sicocxlis 

mospoba gaufrTxileblobiT isjeba Tavisuflebis 

SezRudviT vadiT xuT wlamde an Tavisuflebis 

aRkveTiT vadiT oridan oTx wlamde. 

rogorc vxedavT, Tanamedrove kanonmdebloba 

mkvlelobas ufro farTo masStabiT ganixilavs 

da ar Semoifargleba mxolod da mxolod 

ganzraxi da gaufrTxileblobiTi mkvlelobiT. 

sasjelis daniSvnis dros yuradReba eqceva mraval 

garemoebas: rogor sulier mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda 

damnaSave danaSaulis Cadenis dros, 

surda Tu ara mas am Sedegis dadgoma, Caidina Tu 

ara man es danaSauli iZulebiT, muqariT, Santa- 

JiT da a.S. “mcire sjuliskanonSi” ki mkvleloba 

ase dakonkretebiT ar aris ganxiluli. es faqti, 

ra Tqma unda, mravali garemoebiT aris gamowveuli, 

maTgan yvelaze mTavari ki is aris, rom eqvTime 

mTawmindelis naSromsa da Tanamedrove kanonmdeblobas 

erTmaneTs 9 saukune aSorebs. 

“mcire sjuliskanonis” mesame nawilSi – 

“yoveldRiur SecodebaTa kanonebSi” – basili 

dids, ioanes msgavsad, moxseniebuli aqvs nebsiTi 

91

da uneblie mkvleloba. Tumca, amis garda, igi 

mkvlelobis sxva ramdenime saxesac ganixilavs. magaliTad, 

yaCaRuri mkvleloba, romelic isjeboda 

21 wlis uziareblobiT, brZolaSi kvla - isjeboda 

14 wlis uziareblobiT da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, 

rom mkvlels sasjeli umsubuqdeboda im SemTxvevaSi, 

Tu igi Tavis Cadenil codvas sinanuliT ekideboda. 

es movlena SegviZlia SevadaroT im garemoebas, 

rom dRevandeli kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, 

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mkvleli danaSauls 

aRiarebs, mas SedarebiT msubuqi sasjeli Seefardeba. 

wminda basili didi calke muxlebSi saubrobs 

Cvil da uSobel bavSvTa mkvlelobaze da 

ganasxvavebs sasjelebs imis mixedviT, Tu rogor 

aris Cadenili danaSauli. mag.: “Tu vinme Cvils 

Sobs, magram ugulebelyofs mas da amis gamo Cvili 

mokvdeba, mkvlelobis sasjels daeqvemdebaros.”* 

xolo isini, vinc wamlebis miRebiT klaven 

uSobel isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo 

SromiT vadiT oras ormoc saaTamde, 

anda gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT erTidan or 

wlamde. ufro mZime sasjeli edeba abortis Cam- 

92

dens im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is gamoiwvevs Svilosnobis 

samudamo moSlas an sicocxlis mospobas. * 

sainteresoa is faqti, rom wminda basili 

didi erT-erT muxlSi ambobs: “is qali, romelic 

Zaldatanebuli iqneba da iZulebiT gaixrwneba 

vinmesgan, Tu mSveleli aravin iyo, aseTi qalwuli 

udanaSauloa, xolo moZalade – mkvleli.”*** 

anu avtori am codvas mkvlalobas adarebs da 

iseTsave sasjels uwesebs mis Camdens, rogorc sicocxlis 

momspobs. 

“mcire sjuliskanons” erTiani sakanonmdeblo 

aqtis mniSvneloba ar aqvs, radganac igi 

eqvTime mTawmindelma sxvadasxva berZnuli wyarodan 

Targmna, Tumca igi XI saukunis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi 

samarTlis Zeglia. Zalzed samwuxaroa 

is faqti, rom dReisaTvis XI saukuneSi yvelaze 

gavrcelebul sasjels – uziareblobas – 

ar gaaCnia raime 

datvirTva da es sasjeli Tavisuflebis aRkveTam 

Secvala. Tumca, yuradsaRebia is garemoebac, rom 

“mcire sjuliskanonSi” moxseniebul ZiriTad sasjels 

ar gaaCnia samarTlebrivi datvirTva da sa- 

* saqarTvelos konstitucia. 2007w. muxli 15 

93

eWvoa, am sasjelma Tanamedrove epoqaSi danaSaulis 

raodenobis Semcireba an aRkveTa gamoiwvios. 

_________ 

* “mcire sjuliskanoni”.Tbilisi..2003w. gv.113 

* saqarTvelos konstitucia. 2008 w. muxli 15 

* „mcire sjuliskanoni“. Tbilisi. 2003w. gv.132. 


1. “mcire sjuliskanoni”, Tb., 2003 

2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi. gam. 

„samarTali’. 2007w. 

3. saqarTvelos konstitucia. 

4. ivane surgulaZe – “qarTuli samarTlis istoriis 

wyaroebi”.. 

5. “saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoria”. 

-valerian metreveli. gam. “meridiani”. 

2003 w. 

6. “saqarTvelos konstituciis komentari”. – avtorTa 

koleqtivi. 

7. ”sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili.” – avtor- 

Ta koleqtivi ( a. gabiani, n. gvenetaZe, i. dvaliZe, 

n. Todua, m. mamulaSvili, g.naWyebia, g. 

tyeSelaZe, g. xuroSvili.) gam. „meridiani“. 

2007w. 

94

“Mcire sjuliskanoni”comparative 

analisis of Georgian Criminal Law. 

(About murder) 

S ummary 

MNatia Shkubuliani 

Ivane Javakhishvili 


Faculty of law, 

first year 

Comparative analysis about crimy against the propersty 

between church law “mcire sjuliskanoni” and conterprorary 

Georgian Criminal Law is discussed in this work the similarities 

and differences are marked between the old and todays Georgian 

Law. 

95

eTer bokelavaZe 

ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis 

saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul 

mecnerebaTa fakulteti. 

specialoba istoria IV kursi 

saeklesio-istoriul safuZvelTa 

falsifikaciisaTvis kosovosa da 

afxazeTSi 

(istoriuli paralelebi) 

kosovosa da afxazeTis problemaTa Sinaarsobrivi 

msgavsebebis Sesaxeb ukanaskneli 

aTwleulis manZilze mravali mosazreba iqna 

gamoTqmuli rogorc qarTul, ise ucxour samecniero 

wreebSi. mkvlevarTa nawili maT 

identurobas usvams xazs, nawilis azriTi ki, 

maT urTierTgamijvnas didi mniSvneloba aqvs 

rigi politikuri procesebis regulirebis 

kuTxiT. aRsaniSnavia is, rom kosovosa da afxazeTis 

sakiTxTa irgvliv gamoqveynebul naSromTa 

umravlesoba mis politikur WrilSi 

ganxilvasa da umTavresad, politikur aspeqtebze 

aqcentirebas moicavs. aRniSnulis fon- 

96

ze, sainteresod mogvaCnia sakiTxis dasma da 

gaanalizeba sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli faqtoris 

farTod ganxilvis safuZvelze. 

kosovosa da afxazeTis regionebi ZvelTaganve 

serbul da qarTul saxelmwifoTa umniSvnelovanes 

geopolitikur da kulturul 

centrebs warmoadgendnen. geografiulma mdebareobam 

mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli maT dawinaurebas 

savaWro-ekonomikuri kuTxiT jer 

kidev antikuri periodidan; mogvianebiT ki, 

romis, bizantiisa Tu nacionalur saxelmwifoTa 

sazRvrebSi, maT uaRresad mniSvnelovani 

politikuri da kulturuli roli mieni- 

WaT. 

kosovosa da afxazeTis teritoria iTvleba 

macxovris mociqulTa mier ganaTlebul miwebad. 

kerZod, saxarebiseuli gadmocemebiTa 

da istoriuli wyaroTa mowmobiT, cnobilia, 

rom balkaneTis n/k-is samxreT da aRmosavleT 

nawilSi qristes sityva iqadages wminda andriapirvelwodebulma 

da pavle mociqulma, 

CrdiloeT SavizRvispireTSi ki mociqulma andriam 

da svimon kananelma. I-IV ss-Si am teri- 

97

toriebze ukve Camoyalibda qristianuli saepiskoposoebi. 

ax. w. V-VI ss-Si serbTa balkaneTis 

n/k-ze damkvidrebisaTanave kosovosa da 

metoqiis teritoria (~kosovo” warmodgeba 

serbuli sityvisagan “kos:~, rac qarTulad 

~Sav SaSvs” niSnavs, ~metoqia~ ki berZnuli 

sityvaa da samonastro miwas aRniSnavs) iqca 

serbTa ganaxlebisa da kulturis mniSvnelovan 

punqtad. 

istoriulad cnobilia, rom serbTa masobrivi 

qristianizacia daiwyo VII-s-is pirvel 

naxevarSi bizantiis imperator herakles mmar- 

Tvelobis Jams. cnobili rusi mkvlevaris skuratis 

mixedviT, sawyis etapze serbTa qristianuli 

Temebi romis eklesiis samwysos warmoadgendnen, 

Tumca mas Semdeg, rac 732 wels 

imperatorma leon isavrielma romis paps CamoarTva 

serbebiT dasaxlebuli aRmosavleT 

iliriis teritoria, serbebi konstantinepolis 

sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSi gadavidnen 

(13, 100). aRniSnul faqts didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs Tanamedrove albanur istoriografia- 

Si Zveli iliriis mkvidr albanelTa kaToli- 

98

kobisa da uSualod kosovos teritoriaze 

Suasaukunovani albanuri kaTolikuri eklesia-monastrebis 

arsebobis Sesaxeb mosazrebis 

farTod gavrcelebis pirobebSi. kerZod, albanel 

mkvlevarTa nawili (i. ragova, m. sopi) 

~ilirizmis~ Teoriaze dayrdnobiT, miiCnevs, 

ra albanelebs kosovos avtoqtonur mosaxleobad, 

aRniSnul teritoriaze arsebul Suasaukunovan 

qristianul taZrebs albanur kaTolikur 

kerebad naTlavs. sainteresoa is, rom 

maTi garkveuli nawili kosovoSi priStinas 

axlos, q. ulpianaSi asaxelebs pirvel albanel 

qristian mowameebs. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT 

unda iTqvas, rom istoriul wyaroebSi 

albanelTa moxseniebas ~arberebis~ saxelwodebiT, 

vxvdebiT mxolod ax. w. XI saukunidan, 

bizantiur qronikebSi, romelTa mixedviTac 

arberia mdebareobda Tanamedrove albaneTis 

centralur nawilSi. serbuli wyaroebi ki 

mxolod XIV saukunidan icnoben informacias 

kosovos teritorize albanur tomTa gansaxlebis 

Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba kosovoSi ulpianas 

pirvelmowameebsa da kaTolikuri eklesia- 

99

monastrebis arsebobis faqts unda aRiniSnos, 

is rom q. ulpianaSi IIs-Si marTlac vxvdebiT 

pirvelmowameebs florassa da lorass, romelTac 

orTodoqsaluri eklesia pativs miagebs. 

kosovoel albanelTa Soris ki arcerTi 

wyaro ar adasturebs am wmindanTa kultis 

arsebobas. niSandoblivia agreTve isic, rom 

kaTolikur eklesia-monastrebs kosovos teritoriaze 

vxvdebiT jer kidev XIIIs-dan, uSualod 

serbeTis samefo dinastiis warmomadgenelTa 

iniciativiTa da mfarvelobiT agebuls 

(23). 

albanel istorikosTa mxridan Sua saukunovan 

serbul taZarTa sakuTar sarwmunoebriv-kulturul 

centrebad gamocxadebis tendencias 

saintereso paraleli SeiZleba moe- 

Zebnos qarTul sinamdvileSi afxazeTis sakiTxis 

saxiT. kosovosagan gansxvavebulma pirobebma 

da umTavresad saerTo rwmenis faqtorma 

aq dRis wesrigSi daayena afxazeTis 

damoukidebeli eklesiis arsebobis sakiTxi. 

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebSi afxazeTis xelisuflebis 

iniciativiT, kvlav ganaxlda af- 

100

xazeTis eklesiis saqarTvelos sapatriarqosgan 

gamoyofis procesi. kerZod, cnobilia, 

rom 1995 wels afxazeTis xelisuflebis meTaurma 

(v. arZinba) TxovniT mimarTa moskovisa 

da sruliad ruseTis patriarqs aleqsi II-s 

afxazeTis eparqiis ruseTis eklesiasTan SeerTebis 

Sesaxeb. 1997 wlis ianvarSi ki gaimar- 

Ta cxum-afxazeTis samRvdeloebis kreba, romelmac 

miiRo dadgenileba saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

iurisdiqciidan gasvlisa da e.w. 

CrdiloeT kavkasiis eparqiasTan mierTebis Sesaxeb 

(sinamdvielSi, ruseTis eklesiasTan SeerTebis 

Sesaxeb, radgan Crd. kavkasiis yvela 

eparqia Sedis ruseTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 

iurisdiqciaSi) (1,3-5). aRniSnuli procesebis 

paralelurad, afxazur da rusul samecniero 

wreebSi daiwyo afxazeTis eparqiis 

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisagan 

gamoyofis istoriuli safuZvlebis Zieba. rac 

maTi mxridan (e. ajinjali, d. dbari, e. smiri, 

d. sarsania) afxazeTis sakaTalikosos-afsuur 

eklesiad, xolo afxazeTis teritoriaze arsebul 

qarTul eklesia-monasterTa _ afsuur 

101

qristianul centrebad gamocxadebaSi gamoixata. 

SemuSavebul iqna Teoria afsuaTa I_VI ss- 

Si monaTvlis Sesaxeb (1, 9-16). 

qarTul istoriografiaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis 

Tanaxmad, mociqulTa qadagebis Semdeg, 

afxazeTis miwaze qristianuli sarwmunoebis 

kvlav ganvrcoba da ganmtkiceba dakavSirebulia 

romis imperiisagan devnili qristiani 

meomrebisa (mag. orentiosi) da mRvdelmTavrebis 

(klimenti romaeli (Is), ioane oqropiri) 

saxelebTan (1, 51-55). afxazeTSi qristianobis 

farTod gavrcelebis udavo faqtze metyvelebs 

biWvinTis episkopos stratofiles monawileoba 

I msoflio saeklesio krebaze. qar- 

Tul da ucxour wyaroTa mixedviT, aRniSnuli 

periodisaTvis Tanamedrove afxazeTis teritoria 

dasaxlebuli iyo dasavlur qarTuli-kolxuri 

tomebiT. cxadia, swored isini 

warmoadgenden Crd-das saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

arsebuli eklesiis samwysos. rac Seexeba 

afsuebs, maTi I-VI ss-Si monaTvlis faqti 

seriozul eWvs badebs, radgan aRniSnuli periodisaTvis 

maTi afxazeTSi gansaxlebis faq- 

102

ti arcerTi saistorio wyaroTi ar dasturdeba. 

serbeTisa da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel 

eklesiaTa istoriidan farTodaa cnobili 

is samonastro kerebi Tu saepiskoposo 

kaTedrebi, romlebic saukuneTa manZilze serbuli 

da qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisa da 

saeklesio-diplomatiur centrebs warmoadgendnen 

da, romlebic swored kosovosa da afxazeTis 

teritoriazea ganfenili. aRniSnuli 

TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis 

mqonea kosovoSi peCis, xolo afxazeTSi _biWvinTis 

sakaTedro taZrebi. peCis samonastro 

kompleqsi XIIIs-is Sua xanebSi, serbeTis arqiepiskopos 

arsen I-is mier iqna agebuli. 1253 

wels aq q. JiCidan gadatanil iqna saarqiepiskoposo 

rezidencia. 1346 wlidan ki rodesac 

serbeTis marTlmadidebeli eklesia saarqiepiskoposodan 

ayvanil iqna sapatriarqo rangSi, 

peCis monasterma ~peCis sapatriarqos~ saxelwodeba 

miiRo (13, 19). 

103

peCi 

aRniSnuli saxelwodeba SemdgomSi sruliad 

serbeTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 

aRmniSvnel sinonimad iqca. niSandoblivia is, 

rom peCis sapatriarqos arseboba ar Seuwyvetia 

osmalTa batonobis periodSic da Tanamedrove 

etapze, uaRresad saintereso faqts 

warmoadgens, is rom, serbeTis marTlmadidebel 

eklesiaSi arsebuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, 

yoveli axali serbi patriarqis belgradSi 

intronizaciis Semdeg, misi aRsaydreba xdeba 

peCis monasterSic (peCis arqiepiskoposis taxtze) 

(13, 115). serbeTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis 

saWeTmpyrobeli ki iwodeba ~peCis mTavarepiskoposad, 

belgrad-karlovacis mitropolitad 

da sruliad serbeTis patriarqad~. 

104

peCis sapatriarqo taZarTan SedarebiT 

gacilebiT met saukunes iTvlis biWvinTis ka- 

Tedra afxazeTSi, romelic jer kidev adreqristianul 

xanaSi daarsebula. saqarTvelos 

gaerTianebis periodSi igi manamde arsebul 

berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciisadmi daqvemdebarebuli 

kaTedridan qarTul saepiskoposo 

biWvinTa 

kaTedrad gadaiqca. IXs-Si biWvinTa ukve dasavleT 

saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso rezidencias 

warmoadgenda. biWvinTis (afxazeTis) sakaTalikosos 

arseboba ar Seuwyvetia saqarTvelos 

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sapatriarqo 

rangSi ayvanis Semdeg, aramed igi warmoadgenda 

saqarTvelos sapatriaqoSi Semaval saeklesio 

samTavros (3, 45). XVs-is 70-ian ww-Si 

saqarTvelos calkeul politikur erTeule- 

105

ad daSlis pirobebSi, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso 

dawinaurda. man TviT ierusalimel-antioqieli 

patriarqisgan miiRo avtokefalia da 

mitropolit ananias SefasebiT, Tavi ~qristes 

mier~ dadgenil ~yovlisa saqarTvelos~ mwyemsad 

gamoacxada. Cvenamde moaRwia erTma sabuTma 

dadasturebulma biWvinTis mamamTavar 

grigolis mier, sadac igi ~yovlisa saqarTvelos 

kaTalikozad~ iwodeba (3, 49). XVIs-Si afxazeTis 

teritoriaze Crd. kavkasiur tomTa 

da maT Soris afsuaTa Camowolis Sedegad 

biWvinTis kaTedra gauqmebul iqna.. sakaTalikoso 

rezidenciam ki biWvinTidan gelaTSi 

gadmoinacvla (3, 55). 

kosovosa da afxazeTis teritoriaze umniSvnelovanes 

serbul da qarTul saeklesio 

centrebs warmoadgendnen agreTve studenica 

da bedia. studenicas monasteri XII s-is miwurulsa 

da XIII s-is damdegs, serbeTis didi 

mTavris stefane nemanis mier iqna agebuli. 

amave taZarSi aRikveca igi berad svimeonis saxeliT 

da aqve iqna dabrZanebuli misi mironmdinare 

sxeulic. studenicas monasterSi moR- 

106

vaweobda stefane nemanis vaJi da serbeTis 

marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiis 

pirveli saWeTmpyrobeli wminda saba (rastislav 

nemani) (7, 24). 

studenica 

stefane nemani 

(umcrosi) 

studenicas monasterSi dRemdea SemorCenili 

nemanTa samefo dinastiis warmomadgenelTa 

gamosaxulebani da, rac uaRresad mniSvnelovania, 

aq ganisvenebs gaerTianebuli serbeTis 

pirveli mefe_stefane nemani (umcrosi) (7, 36). 

Tavisi mniSvnelobiT studenicas monasters 

afxazeTSi utoldeba bediis taZari. 

cnobilia, rom igi ~afxazTa mefem~ da 

SemdgomSi erTiani saqarTvelos pirvelma 

107

edia 

bagrat III 

xelisufalma bagrat III-m aago X saukuneSi. 

manve daarsa bediis saepiskoposo kaTedrac. 

taZarSi Semonaxulia bagrat III-is gamosaxuleba 

eklesiis modeliT xelSi (samxreT kedlis 

aRmosavleT nawilSi) (9, 21-22). 1014 wels 

bediis taZarSi dakrZalul iqna gaerTianebuli 

saqarTvelos pirveli mefe bagrat III, ris 

gamoc SemdgomSi bedieli episkoposi samefo 

saflavis mfarvelad iTvleboda. (~xelmwifis 

karis garigeba”) (9, 24). 

afxazeTisa da kosovos teritoriaze garda 

zemoaaRniSnulis samonastro kerebisa, 

funqcionirebda iseTi mniSvnelobis saeklesio-diplomatiuri 

centrebi, rogorebicaa Ji- 

Cisa da prizrenis saepiskoposoebi kosovoSi, 

108

xolo drandisa da moqvis saepiskoposoebi 

afxazeTSi. 

JiCis monastris daarseba serbuli eklesiis 

didi reformatoris wminda sabasa da misi 

Zmis (SemdgomSi serbeTis pirveli mefe) stefane 

pirvelkurTxeulis saxelebTan aris dakavSirebuli. 

serbeTis marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri 

eklesiis dafuZnebis dRidan 

(1219w.) vidre 1253 wlamde igi serbeTis mTavarepiskposis 

sakaTedro taZars warmoadgenda. 

JiCi 

prizreni 

serbi xalxi mas dRemde ~serbul eklesiaTa 

dedas” uwodebs (17). rac Seexeba prizrenis 

saepiskoposos igi jer kidev wminda sabas 

moRvaweobamde warmoadgenda mniSvnelovan saepiskoposo 

kaTedras kosovos centrSi. ganvi- 

Tarebul Sua saukunebSi ki man serbeTis 

109

mZlavri ekonomikuri da politikur-diplomatiuri 

centris funqciebi SeiTavsa. serbeTis 

nacionalur poeziaSi mas xSirad ~serbeTis 

konstantinepoladac~ ki moixsenieben (40). 

aranaklebi mniSvnelobis mqone iyo dasavlur 

qarTuli samefosaTvis Sua saukunovani 

moqvisa da drandis saepiskoposoebi. orive 

maTgani Xs-Si iqna daarsebuli. msgavsad prizrenisa, 

cnobilia, rom moqvis saepiskoposo 

garda sasuliero daniSnulebisa, saxelmwifo 

mniSvnelobis diplomatiur funqciebs asrulebda 

gvian SuasaukuneebSi. kerZod, cnobilia, 

rusi elCebis pavle zaxarievisa da 

moqvi 

dranda 

fedot elCinis viziti 1640 wels moqvis saepiskoposoSi, 

samegrelos mmarTvel levan II 

110

dadianTan diplomatiuri molaparakebis mizniT 

(12, 117-118). moqvis taZari XIX saukuneSi 

warmoadgenda SarvaSiZeTa sagvareulo saZvales 

(33, 65). aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom rogorc 

moqvis, ise drandis saepiskoposoebma 

arseboba Sewyvites XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi 

Crdilo kavkasiidan afxazur tomTa moZalebis 

gamo (b. lominaZe. T. Jordania). 

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis safuZvelze, 

vfiqrobT, naTeli unda iyos Tanamedrove afxaz 

(da maTTan erTad rus) Tu albanel 

mkvlevarTa argumentaciis usafuZvloba, qar- 

Tul da serbul qristianul keraTa sakuTar 

erovnuli kulturis Zeglebad warmoCenis sakiTxSi. 

istoriis falsifikaciis utyuar dasturs 

warmoadgens Tavad kosovos (deCani, ban- 

Ska, mitrovica, lJeviSka, priStinas monasteri) 

da afxazur miwebze (lixni, ilori, Zveli 

gagra, komani, soxumis sakaTedro taZari) arsebul 

eklesia-monasterTa arqiteqturuli 

stili; arqeologiuri, lingvisturi, epigrafikuli, 

anTropo-geografiuli monacemebi da 

sxv. 

111

Kkosovosa da afxazeTis miwaTa udidesi 

sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli da istoriuli 

mniSvnelobis gaazreba qmnis safuZvels serb 

da qarTvel mkvlevarTa Soris xSir SemTxvevaSi, 

tendenciur SefasebaTa CamoyalibebisaTvis. 

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos is, rom maTi umravlesoba 

obieqtur, istoriul safuZvlebs 

eyrdnoba. Aase, mag: cnobili serbi mkvlevari 

duzan batakoviCi Tavis naSromSi “kosovosa 

da metoqiis Sesaxeb” wers: “igi warmoadgens 

im Senobis qvakuTxeds, rogoricaa serbeTis 

erovnuli panTeoni. rodesac saubroben, rom 

kosovos gareSe ar arsebobs araviTari serbeTi 

da serbi eri, es ar aris marto XIX s-is 

erovnuli romantizmis aRorZineba, igi gulisxmobs 

gacilebiT ufro mets, vidre mxolod 

teritorias, romelic dafarulia misi kulturisa 

da civilizaciis ZeglebiT, ufro metia, 

vidre myarad warmodgenili erovnuli da 

saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba, _ miiCneven, 

rom Kkosovo da metoqia serbTa identurobis 

gasaRebia” (14). 

112

d. batakoviCis Sefasebas exmianeba amerikeli 

mkvlevaris protopresviter Tomas hopkos 

Sexeduleba kosovosa da metoqiis Sesaxeb: 

“kosovos olqi aris serbuli qristianobisa 

da erovnuli TviTmyofadobis akvani. . . 

kosovo igivea serbebisTvis, rac ierusalimi 

da sioni ebraelTaTvis, bostoni da axali inglisi_TeTri 

rasis anglosaqsi protestanti 

amerikelebisaTvis” (The Newspaper “OCA”, 1999, 

june). 

vfiqrobT, msgavs SefasebaTa ganvrcoba 

SesaZlebelia afxazeTzec. Crdilo-dasavleT 

saqarTvelos teritoria, romelic erTiani 

qarTuli samefos SeqmnisTanave iqca qarTuli 

erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis ganuyofel nawilad, 

warmoadgens saqarTvelos eklesiisa 

da qarTuli sulierebis saZirkvels. saqveynod 

cnobil zogad sruliad saqristiano 

siwmindeTa (wminda mociqul svimon kananelis 

saflavi, wminda ioane oqropiris gansasvenebeli(amJamad 

mxolod sarkofagi inaxeba afxazeTSi), 

wminda RvTismSoblis sartyeli bedia- 

Si da sxv.) mis wiaRSi arsebobis faqti kidev 

113

erTxel adasturebs mis usazRvro mniSvnelobas 

rogorc sakuTriv erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis, 

ise msoflio qristianuli 

samyarosaTvis. 

Bb i b l i o g r a f i a 

samecniero literatura da wyaroebi 

1. gamaxaria j, afxazeTi da marTlmadidebloba 

(Is._1921), Tb., 2005 

2. gasviani g. ~mcnebai sasjuloi” qristianuli 

sarwmunoebis mdgomareobisa da afxazeTis 

cnebaze. marTlmadidebloba afxazeTSi da 

erovnuli TviTidentifikaciis sakiTxebi, 

Tb., 2005 

3. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, afxazeTi, 

qarTvelTa gaafxazeba, Tb., 2007 

4. ~mosaxsenebeli mimosvlaTaTvis da qadageba- 

Ta yovladqebulisa da didebulisa mociqulisa 

andriasi”. 

5. mRvdelmTavari inokenti xersoneli, ~wminda 

mociqul pavles cxovreba, Rvawli, dasja” 

Targmani g. royva, Tb., 2004 

114

6. pavliaSvili q, marTlmadidebluri afxaze- 

Ti (recenzia m. i. tarnavas naSromze), ~afxazeTi” 

#1, Tb., 2004 

7. ~cxovreba wminda sabasi, serbeTis mTavarepiskoposisa, 

Tb., 2003 

8. xvistani r, bedia_Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos 

religiur-politikuri centri, Jurn. 

~saistorio Ziebani”, #3, Tb., 2000 

9. xorava b, bediis saepiskoposo, Jurn. ~saistorio 

Ziebani”, #3, Tb., 2000 

10. xorava b, drandis saepiskoposo, marTlmadidebloba. 

afxazeTSi da erovnuli TviTidentifikaciis 

sakiTxebi, Tb., 2005 

11. jojua d, kosovos precendenti, Jurn. ~saistorio 

Ziebani”, #8-9, Tb., 2006 

12. Воронов Ю.Н,В Мире архитектурных Памятников 

Абхазии, М.,1978 

13. Скурат К.Е. История поместних Православних 

Церквей,М., 1994,т,1 

14. Batakovic D, Kosovo and Metohia (internet versia) 

15. Bogdanovic D, The Kosovo Question: Past and Present 

(internet versia) 

16. Cirkovic S, Rises and Falls of the Serbian Statehood in 

Middleages. (internet versia) 

115

17. Dragnic A, Todorovic S, The Saga of Kosovo (internet 

versia) 

18. Non-Albanian Elements within the Fabric of Albanian 

People(internet versia) 

19. Patriachate of Pec(internet versia) 

20. Patriachate of Serbia(internet versia) 

21. Popovic R, Serbian church in History(internet versia) 

22. Tbeolojikal V, Kosovo in the History of Serbian 

Church(internet versia) 

23. The Spiritual and Cultural heritage of Kosovo and 

Metofia. (internet versia) 

Pperioduli gamocemebi: 

24. gaz. “madli” Tb. 1996 #6(111) 

25. gaz. “mrevli” Tb. 1999 #1 

26. gaz. “sapatriarqos uwyebani” Tb. 1999 #18 



29. Jurn. “gumbaTi” Tb. 2007 #4 

30. Jurn. “karibWe” Tb. 2006 #4 (39) 


116


33. Jurn. “jvari vazisa” Tb. 1995 #1 

internet saitebi 

34. www.rastko.org.yu/kosovo/pecarsija/istorijat/img/jpg 

35. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch of Serbia 

36. http// www.serbianorthodoxchurch.net/historyofchurch 

37. http//lamar.coostate.edu/~grjan/kosovohistory.html 

38. http//www.rastko.org.yu/kosovo/pecarsija/istorijat/indexeng.html 

39. http//www.kosovo.net/kosovo1.html 

40. http//www.kosovo.net/default3.html 

41. http://religion.ng.ru/facts/2004-04-07/1-albania.html. 

117

MEter Bokelavadze 




specialization –history 

IV year 

Temperal and historical fountations’s falsification in Kosovo 

and in Abkhazia (historical paralels) 

Summary 

In this article is disscused very important question in modern 

historiographie- temperal and historical fountations’s falsification 

and historical paralels in Kosovo and in Abkhazia, the questions 

lern’s actuality and importance . The basic of this researches are 

modern therotical and methodological approaches and scientifical 

researches. 

118

cira SaloSvili 



iuridiuli fakulteti 

I kursi 

~didi sjuliskanonisa~ da 

saqarTvelos sisxlisa da samoqalaqo 

kodeqsebis SedarebiTi analizi 

(qonebrivi_sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli 

danaSaulebebi)O 

saqarTvelo erT_erTi ZirZveli qristianuli qveyanaa. 

Cvens samSobloSi qristianobas misi xangrZlivi 

istoriis ganmavlobaSi, didi gavlena 

aqvs cxovrebis yvela sferoze, maT Soris samar- 

Talzec. saukuneTa manZilze qveyanaSi iqmneboda 

da iTargmneboda samarTlis saeklesio Zeglebi 

da eWvgareSea, rom moqmedebda kidec; amjerad 

Tqvens yuradRebas mivapyrobT ~did skuliskanons~ 

da vecdebiT, aRmovaCinoT msgavseba Tu gansxvaveba 

imdroindel realobasa da Tanamedroveobas Soris. 

aRniSnuli Zegli marTlmadidebluri qristianuli 

eklesiis ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsia da 

sabolood Camoyalibda IX saukunis ukanasknel 

meoxedSi 14_titulovani nomokanonis e.w. 883 wlis 

redaqciis saxiT. konstantinopolis 980 wlis saeklesio 

krebaze ki zogadqristianuli saxel- 

119

mZRvanelos saxe miiRo. 1 Zegli qarTulad Targmna 

arsen iyalToelma XI_XII saukuneebis mijnaze. 

berZnulad ~sjuliskanoni~ aris nomokanoni, rac 

niSnavs kanons, wess; nomokanonebi ewodeboda mar- 

Tlmadidebluri saeklesio samarTlis krebulebs, 

romlebic Seicaven eklesiis Sinaganawess, agreTve, 

yofa_cxovrebisa da saojaxo samarTlis debulebebs. 

2 ~didi skuliskanoni~ pirobiTad iyofa 

oTx nawilad: ~mociqulTa~, ~msoflio saekleso 

krebebis kanonebi~, ~adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonebi~, 

~adgilobriv saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli 

kanonmdebloba~. 

upriani iqneba, naSromSi ramdenime sityviT 

davaxasiaToT saqarTvelos sisxlisa da samoqalaqo 

kodeqsebic. saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris 

1993 wlis 26 dekembris gankargulebiT, dafuZnda 

samarTlebrivi reformis saxelwifo komisia, 

romelmac miznad daisaxa samarTlis ZiriTad 

dargebSi fundamenturi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis _ 

kodeqsebis _ momzadeba. qarTuli sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsis SemmuSavebeli dargobrivi komisia 

Tavdauzogavad Sromobda, ris Sedegadac Seiqmna 

kodeqsi, romelic 1999 wlis 22 ivniss miiRo sa- 

1 ~didi sjuliskanoni~, e. gabiZaSvili, red. Tb., 1975. gv 5 

2 k. kekeliZe, ~Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria~, Tb., 1957, tomi I, gv 531 

120

qarTvelos parlamentma, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 2000 

wlis 1_el ivniss. unda aRiniSnos, rom axali sazogadoebrivi 

urTierTobebis Sesatryvisi sisxlis 

samarTlis kanonmdeblobis Seqmnam, arsebuli 

samarTlebrivi tradiciebisa da dasavlur samarTalTan 

harmonizaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, didi 

garja da Zalisxmeva moiTxova. kanonSemoqmedTa 

azriT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi gardamavali 

periodis sakanonmdeblo aqtia, romelic amoqmedebis 

Semdeg TandaTan ixveweba, Tumca ar egebis 

imis SeumCnevloba, rom is pirveli sisxlis samar- 

Tlis kodeqsia, romelSic qarTvel kanonSemoqmed- 

Ta damoukidebeli sakanonmdeblo neba gamJRavnda. 

3 rac Seexeba saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqss, 

igi 1997 wlis 25 nombers amoqmedda. misi mi- 

Reba umniSvnelovanesi niSansvetia qveynis kanonSemoqmedebis 

ganviTarebaSi. axali kodeqsiT, administraciul 

_ mbrZanebluri ekonomikis dominirebuli 

mdgomareobis nacvlad, wesrigdeba civilizebuli 

samarTlebrivi urTierTobani. samoqalaqo 

3 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, gamomcemloba ~samarTali~, 

2007, gv 3 

121

kodeqsi yoveldRiurobis momwesrigebel normebs 

yvelasa da TiToeuls exeba. 4 

rogorc naSromis saTaurSi aRiniSna, ganvixilavT 

qonebriv _ sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimar- 

Tul danaSaulebTan dakavSirebul muxlebs ~didi 

sjuliskanonsa~ da axal kanonmdeblobaSi. dasawyisisaTvis 

upriani iqneba, movaxdinoT qonebisa da 

sakuTrebis cnebebis definicia: ~qoneba, am kodeqsis 

mixedviT, aris yvela nivTi da aramaterialuri 

qonebrivi sikeTe, romelTa floba, sargebloba 

da gankargva SeuZliaT rogorc fizikur, ise iuridiul 

pirebs da romelTa SeZenac SeiZleba SeuzRudavad, 

Tuki es akrZaluli ar aris kanoniT, 

da ar ewinaaRmdegeba zneobis normebs, _ ambobs 

samoqalaqo kodeqsis 147_e muxli. 5 ~didi sjulikanonSi~ 

ar aris saubari qonebis cnebaze; Zveli 

qarTuli samarTlis mkvlevarebi qonebis Semdegnair 

ganmartebas iZlevian: termini ~saqoneli~ sxvadasxva 

mniSvnelobisa da Sinaarsis matarebeli 

iyo. Zvel epoqaSi ~saqoneli~ niSnavda rogorc sulier, 

ise usulo sikeTes, Rirebulebas. Zalze iS- 

4 saqarTvelas samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari_gamomcemloba~samarTali~, 

2002, wigni pirveli, gv 7 

5 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi_ gamomcemloba ~bona 

kauza~, Tb, 1007. gv.47 

122

viaTad, magram igi zogadad qonebis aRmniSvneli 

terminicaa, _ ambobs valerian metreveli, 6 Tumca 

ar akonkretebs zust termins, romelic am cnebas 

gamoxatavda. rac Seexeba sakuTrebas, saqarTvelos 

samoqalaqo kodedeqsis 170_e muxlis mixedviT: ~mesakuTres 

SeuZlia, kanonismieri an sxvagvari, ker- 

Zod, saxelSekrulebo SeboWvis farglebSi Tavisuflad 

flobdes da sargeblobdes qonebiT (niv- 

TiT), ar dauSvas sxva pirTa mier am qonebiT sargebloba, 

gankargos igi, Tuki amiT ar ilaxeba mezoblebisa 

an sxva mesame pirTa uflebebi anda, 

Tu es moqmedeba ar warmoadgens uflebis borotad 

gamoyenebas.~ 7 iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, piradi 

sakuTrebis aRmniSvneli termini iyo ~sazepuro~. 

igi warCinebul pirTa sakuTrebis aRsaniSnavad gamoiyeneboda, 

Tumca es ar aris am uflebis zogadi 

cnebis gamomxatveli termini. ~sakuTreba~, rogorc 

aseTi, pirvelad V saukuneSi gvxvdeba ~Su- 

Sanikis wamebaSi~. v. metreveli sxvadasaxva samar- 

Tlis Zeglebis dakvirvebis Sedegad sakuTrebis 

cnebis aseT definicias axdens: ~qarTul samar- 

6 

v. metreveli_saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samar- 

Tlis istoria_ gam. ~meridiani~2003, gv307 

7 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi_ gamomcemloba ~bona 

kauza~, Tb, 1007. gv51 

123

TalSi sakuTreba gansazRvrulia, rogorc sruli 

da gansakuTrebuli batonoba sxvadasxva saxis sikeTeze, 

anu sakuTrebis uflebis obieqtebze~. 8 

qarTuli Tanamedrove samarTali gamoyofs 

qonebrivi _ sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSaulebis 

ramdenime saxes: qurdoba, yaCaRoba, 

Zarcva, TaRliToba, gamoZalva... saqarTvelos sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsis 177_e muxlis mixedviT: 

~qurdoba, ese igi sxvisi nivTis faruli daufleba 

marTlsawinaaRmdego misakuTrebis mizniT, _ 

_ isjeba Tavisuflebis SezRudviT vadiT erTidan 

sam wlamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT imave 

vadiT.~ 9 

aqve aRvniSnavT, rom sisxlis samarTalSi 

yoveli danaSauli, romelic Cadenilia ganmeorebiT 

an damamZimebel garemoebebSi, amkacrebs sasjels. 

~didi sjuliskanonSi~ vkiTxulobT: ~Tu 

qurdma TviTon moinanios da Tavi TviTon gaam- 

JRavnos, mxolod erTi weli aekrZalos mas siw- 

8 

v. metreveli_saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samar- 

Tlis istoria_ gam. ~meridiani~2003, gv309 

9 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, gamomcemloba 

~samarTali~, 2007. gv 124 

124

mindeTa ziareba~. 10 _ basili didi, muxli 61. _ 

Zegli erTmaneTisagan mijnavs saflavTa da eklesiaTa 

gaqurdvas da ufro mkacr sasjels awesebs: 

~saflavTa mZarcveleba ganiyofeba Sesandoblad 

da Seundoblad. Tu vinme cxedars moeridos, damarxuli 

sxeuli xeluxleblad datovos da damarxos 

isev... Tumca saqebeli arc es iyos, magram 

Cveulebas es miuCnevia Sesandoblad... xolo gaCxreva, 

mtvrad da miwadqceuli xorcisa da Zvlebis 

aqeT_iqiT mimoyra... unda daisajos im kanonis 

mixedviT, romliTac ganakanoneben martiv siZvas.~ 11 

qarTuli sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ar ganar- 

Cevs erTmaneTisagan saflavebis, taZrebisa da sxva 

sazogadoebriv adgilebsa Tu kerZo sakuTrbaSi 

momxdar qurdobas. albaT, imitom, rom TviTon 

faqti ukve marTlsawinaaRmdego da dasjadia; pasuxismgeblobis 

damZimeba damnaSavis interesebs 

ewinaaRmdegeba; . Tanamedrove kanonmdeblobisa da 

sasjelaRsrulebis sistemaSi ki erT_erTi yvelaze 

aqtualuri damnaSaveTa da patimarTa uflebebia. 

Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom praqtikaSi, 

xSirad, mniSvneloba eniWeba danaSaulis adgils. 

10 saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari _ sapatriarqos 

gamocema, 1987, gv. 418 

11 iqve: 441 

125

didi sjuliskanonSi~ vkiTxulobT: ~siwmindeTa 

mkrexeloba, saeklesio nivTebis mitaceba, Zveli 

aRTqmis mixedviT, Rirsia, aranaklebi sasjelisa, 

vidre mkvleloba, radgan kacismkvlelica da 

RvTisaTvis Sewiruli qonebis momxveWelic CaqolviT 

isjeba~ 12 , _ basili didi. 

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsisagan gansxvavebiT 

vaxtangis samarTlis wigni axdens diferencirebas 

qurdobisa, imis mixedviT, Tu sad aris Cadenili 

igi. 155_e muxli saydris gatexvas, jvrisa 

da xatis damtvrevas, xelmwifis salaros gatexvas 

Cveulebriv qurdobaze mZime danaSaulad miiCnevs, 

Tumca sasjelis gadawyvetas mefesa da kaTalikoss 

miandobs. 13 am muxliT irkveva, rom Zvelad 

msgavs danaSaulebs saero xasiaTis ZeglebSic 

eniWeboda mniSvneloba, rac, albaT, saero da sasuliero 

xelisuflebis erTianobaze mianiSnebs; 

es tendencia, saubedurod, dRes aRar aris gamokveTili. 

~didi sjuliskanonSi~ sakmaod xangrZlivi 

Ziebis Sedegadac versad wavawydiT sxva qonebriv 

danaSaulebs, Tumca dRevandelobaSi am qmedebaTa 

statistika sakmaod did ricxvebs xatavs, 

12 iqve: 

441 

13 v .metreveli “saqarTvelos saxelmwigosa da samarTlis 

istoria”, gam “meridiani” 2003, gv 

126

is gamoc miviCnevT, rom saWiroa TiToeuli ganvixiloT 

cal_calke. aqve davZenT dananebiT, rom, 

rogorc Cans, es qmedebebi dRevandelobaSi gaxda 

aseTi ~aqtualuri~, ~didi sjuliskanonis~ SemqmnelT 

ki saWirod ar CaTvales misi moxsenieba. 

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom im epoqaSi saerTod ar 

xdeboda msgavsi danaSaulebi, an imdenad umniSvnelo 

raodenobiT, rom ZeglSi ar asaxula. axla ki 

ganvixiloT TiToeuli: ~Zarcva, ese igi, sxvisi 

moZravi nivTis aSkara daufleba marTlsawinaaRmdego 

misakuTrebis mizniT, _ 

_isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis SezRudviT 

oridan sam wlamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 

vadiT samadan xuT wlamde, _ vkiTxulobT sisxlis 

samarTlis kodeqsis 178_e muxlSi. kodeqsis 

179_e muxliT yaCaRoba ganimarteba, rogorc qmedeba 

sxvisi moZravi nivTis marTsawinaaRmdego mitacebis 

mizniT, Cadenili sicocxlisaTvis an janmrTelobisaTvis 

saSiSi ZaladobiT anda aseTi Zaladobis 

gamoyenebis muqariT. 

TaRliTobaze saubaria 180-e muxlSi. TaRli- 

Toba ewodeba sxvisi nivTis an qonebrivi sikeTis 

motyuebiT miRebas, xolo gamoZalva (181-e muxli) 

es aris pirisaTvis nivTis, qonebrivi sikeTis, an 

qonebiT sargeblobis moTxovna, rasac Tan axlavs 

127

dazaralebulis an misi axloblebis likvidaciis 

da maTi jamrTlelobis dazianebis an raime sxva 

muqara. 14 aq kidev erTxel gavavlebT paralels 

vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTan; amjerad yaCaRobasTan 

dakavSirebiT:”... …dedakacs rom zed Sebmuli 

an kidebuli iaraRi an Tma, an Tmis satani, 

rac ram feri samkauli zed Sexsnas an SeaWras, 

monaparic Svideulad misces da sisxlis naxevarica” 

15 _ aqedan varkvevT, rom am qmedebas Zegli 

lamis mkvlelobamde amZimebs. dasafiqrebelia is 

faqtic, ratom aris moxseniebuli qmedeba mxolod 

saero xasiaTis samarTlis wyaroebSi. rTuli dasajerebelia 

CvenTvis rom “didi sjulikanonis” 

Seqmnis periodSi saerTod ar gvxvdeboda qmedeba 

da mxolod mogvianebiT iCina Tavi. 

Zveli qarTuli samarTali mkacrad ebrZoda 

sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulebs. dawesebuli 

iyo Semdegnairi sasjeli _ naparavis CamorTmeva 

da patronisaTvis dabruneba. garda amisa, 

parvisaTvis naqurdalis Svidmagi Rirebuleba 

unda gadaexada qurds. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, 

14 saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi, gamomcemloba ~samarTali~, 

2007. gv 124_127 

15 v .metreveli “saqarTvelos saxelmwigosa da samarTlis 

istoria”, gam “meridiani” 2003, gv 303 

128

aseTi sasjeli pirvelad Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis 

iyo dawesebuli, xolo Tu qurdoba meored an 

warmdebobiT (midrekilebiT) iyo Cadenili, igi 

ufro mkacrad isjeboda. 16 dasanania, rom aRniSnuli 

danaSaulebi ar aris moxseniebuli “didi sjuliskanonSi”, 

radgan saintereso iqneboda sasuliero 

pirebis mier qmedebaTa definicia da dakvaficireba, 

maTi Sedareba TanamedroveobasTan. aRniSnuli 

sakiTxis kvlevas SevecadeT imitom, rom 

gagverikvia mizezi, Tu ratom ar aris moxseniebuli 

qonebrivi danaSaulebis bevri saxe Zvel sasuliero 

kanonmdeblobaSi. miuxedavad Cven mier wamoyenebuli 

ramdenime varaudisa, dazustebiT verafers 

vityviT. agreTve sainteresoa isic, Tu ratom 

ar aris dRevandel kanonmdeblobaSi diferencirebuli 

Cveulebrivi qurdoba da saflavebisa 

da taZrebis gaqurdva. es faqti garkveulwilad 

icavs sisxlis samarTlis saerTaSoriso “humanizmis 

princips” _ romelic aris ormagi gagebis; 

erTi mxriv es principi gamoiyeneba im pirebis 

mimarT, romelTac pirvelad da arc Tu ise mZime 

danaSauli Caidines, maT winaaRmdeg iyeneben humanur 

RonisZiebebs. humanizmis meore arc Tu umniS- 

16 iqve : gv 272 

129

vnelo mxares warmoadgens _ sazogadoebis da misi 

wevrebis dacva danaSaulisagan. am SemTxvevaSi 

humanizmi gamoixateba daundobel brZolaSi im pirebis 

mimarT, romelTac mravaljer Caidines mZime 

danaSauli. humanizmis principis pirvel SemTxveva- 

Si, albaT, isic moiazreba, rom danaSaulis simZimis 

gansazRvrisas mniSvneloba ar unda mieniWos 

misi Cadenis adgils. amas mowmobs isic, rom samarTlianobis 

principis mixedviT sisxlis samar- 

Tlis pasuxisgebaSi micema unda emyarebodes mxolod 

obieqtur, damajerebel da kanonisadmi zustad 

Sesatyvis monacemebs. obieqturobaze saubari 

SeuZlebeli iqneba Tu pirs sasjels davumZimebT 

danaSaulis adgilis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa, 

rom zneobrivi Tu qristianuli, am SemTxvevaSi _ 

subieqturi _ principebi, absoluturad sxvas 

gvkarnaxoben. 

dananebiT davZenT, rom Tanamedrove kanonmdeblobaSi 

aRmofxvrilia “did sjuliskanonSi” 

moxseniebuli sasjeli _ uziarebloba. rac, saubedurod, 

Cveni azriT, kidev ufro gvafiqrebinebs, 

rom saero da sasuliero xelisufleba gamijnulia 

erTmaneTisagan, an ubralod, maTi erTianobis 

damadasturebeli faqtebi ar aris asaxuli kanonmdeblobaSi. 

Tumca aq Cndeba kidev erTi kiTxva, 

130

omelzec pasuxs ver vpoulobT da amas dros mivandobT: 

gaamarTlebs ki dRes es sasjeli, aRkveTs 

danaSauls?! 


· k. kekeliZe_ ~Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis istoria~_ 

Tb, 1957 

· e. gabiZaSvili_ ~didi sjuliskanoni~, red., 

1975 

· ~saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari~_ sapatriarqos 

gamomcemloba, 1987 

· ~saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi~_gam. 

~samarTali~, 2007 

· sisxlis samarTlis zogadi nawili~, saxelmZRvanelo, 

avtorTa kolegia: a. gabiani, n. 

gvenetaZe, i. dvaliZe, n. Todua, mg. mamulaSvili, 

g. naWyebia, g. tyeSelaiZe, g. xuroSvili. 

gam. ~meridiani~, 2007 

· ~saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi~_ gam. 

~bona kauza~, 2007 

· ~saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari~_ 

I wigni. gam. ~samarTali~ 2002 

131

· v. metreveli_ ~saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa 

da samarTlis istoria~_ gam, ~meridiani~_ 

2003 

· iv. surgulaZe_ ~qarTuli samarTlis istoriis 

wyaroebi~, 2002 

MCira Shaloshvili 



Faculty of law,first year 

“Didi sjuliskanoni” comparative analisis of Georgian 

Civil and criminal law. (Crime against the property) 

S u m m a r y 

Comperative analysis abaut crimy against the propersty 

beatween Church Low, “Didi sjuliskanoni” and conterprorary 

Georgian civil low is discuced in this work the similarities and 

differenes are marked beatween the old and todays Georgian low. 

In several cases paralel is given with “book of Low” by King 

Vakhtang the VI. 

132

giorgi metreveli 



II kursi 

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos adgilis 

istoriisaTvis msoflio 

marTlmadideblur diptixSi 

diptixi aris marTlmadidebluri RvTismsaxurebis 

dros adgilobriv eklesiaTa moxsenebis rigiToba, 

anu msoflios marTlmadidebel eklesia- 

Ta moxseniebis rigi. Tavdapirveli diptixis Seqmnis 

mizezi aRm. romis imperiaSi warmoiqmna. eklesiaTa 

rigi imdenad didi iyo, rom imperiis erTianobisa 

da dauSlelobis saWiroebam moiTxova gansazRvruliyo 

eklesiaTa rigiToba da damokidebuleba 

erTmaneTis mimarT. aRsaniSnavia, rom sarwmunoebrivTan 

erTad eklesiaTa mimdevrobas da ama 

Tu im eklesiebis adgils ditixSi gansazRvravda 

konkretuli kaTedris an misi saxelmwifos politukuri 

da ekonomikuri siZliere. 

diptixis Sedgenas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba 

mieqca IV-V saukunis Semdeg, konstantinepolis 

episkoposis adgilis gansazRvrisas (konstaninepolisa 

da qalkedonis msoflio saeklesio krebaze) 

(6:275). trulis krebam ki gansazRvra V-VI ss-Si 

133

arsebuli urTierTdamokidebuleba. imperiis eklesiaTa 

Soris pirveli iy romis saydari, meore konstantinepolis, 

mesame aleqsandriis, meoTxe antioqiim 

mexuTe ki ierusalimisa. 

bagrat III-is mier qarTuli samefo-samTavroebis 

gaerTianebas saqarTvelos teritoriaze moqmedi 

ori adgilobrivi eklesiis, ~afxazeTisa“ da 

„mcxeTis“ sakaTalikosos gaerTianeba mohyva. daarsda 

erTiani qarTuli eklesia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos 

saxelwodebiT, daisva sakiTxi saqar- 

Tvelos sapatriarqos adgilisa msoflio mar- 

Tlmadideblur diptixSi. 

Cvens mier zemoTmoyvanil qalkedonisa da trulis 

msoflio saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebSi 

diptixis Sesaxeb, araferia naTqvami saqarTvelos 

kaTolikosze, radgan es krebebi gansazRvravdnen 

mxolod imperiis SigniT Semavali avtokefaluri 

eklesiebis moxseniebis rigiTobas. aseT dros ibadeba 

kiTxva, Tu riTi vixelmZRvaneloT saqarTvelos 

mamamTavris adgilis ZiebaSi. 

sanam uSualod adgilis Ziebas SevudgebodeT, 

mogaxsenebT Tu romel adgilze Tvlidnen Tavs 

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patiarqebi da rogori 

diptixiT sargeblobdnen isini. 

134

saqarTvelos eklesia, rogorc yovelTvis erTguli 

damcveli msoflo saeklesio dadgenilebebisa, 

aRiarebda qalkedonisa da trulis krebebis dadgenilebebs, 

romliTac msoflios pirveli xuTi 

eklesiis diptixi gansazRvruli iyo. Tavis adgils 

ki qarTveli patriarqebi yovelTvis maT Semdeg 

Tvlidnen. 

1057 wels mefe bagrat IV-is Sewirulobis sigels 

SiomRvimisadmi aqvs eklesiis meTauris minaweri, 

romlis Tanaxmadac is Tavs ayenebs meeqvse 

adgilze. vinc es sigeli daarRvioso wers patriarqi 

„krulmca ars. . . xuTTa patriarqTa juariTa. 

.. Cem glaxakisa juariTa“ (3;5-7) 

1259 wlis Sewirulobis dawerils rkonis monastrisadmi 

amtkicebs saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri 

~Cuenca, glaxakni, qristes mier Semdgomad 

xuTTa patriarqTa... suetis cxovelis meequsisa 

patriaqs da qristes mier yovlisa saqarTvelos 

kaTalikozi nikoloz vamtkiceb da warvswer...“ 

zemoT moyvanili amonaridebidan Cans, rom qarTveli 

patriarqebi Tavs meeqvse adgilze Tvlidnen. 

cnobila, rom Sua saukuneebis istoriis dasasruli 

bizantiis dacemis TariRiT aris gansaz- 

Rvruli, ris gamoc italiis qalaqebSi ferarasa 

da florenciaSi 1437-39 ww Catarda gaxmaurebeli 

135

uniaturi kreba, romelic miznad isaxavda dasavleTisa 

da aRmosavleTis ekleisebis gaerTianebas. 

am gaerTianebis sanacvlod bizantias evropisagan 

arsebobis SenarCunebisaTvis aucilebeli daxmarebis 

imedi hqonda. 

msoflio saeklesio krebebma XV s. pirvel naxevarSi 

Tavisi ganviTarebis umaRles dones miaRwies. 

isi saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobis organoebs 

warmoadgendenen da ganixilavdnen aramarto sasuliero, 

aramed saero da politikur sakiTxebsac 

(4;10) 

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis Cvenamde 

moRweul wyaroebs warmoadgens aqtebi, romlebic 

kaTolikeTa da prolaTinurad ganwyobili ber- 

Znuli delegaciis nawilis Tvalsazriss gadmogvcems. 

mesame wyaros warmoadgens diakvnisa da didi 

eklesiarxis silvestris memuarebi, romlebic 

man 1444 w. axlo xanebSi dawera. laTinur versias 

pirobiTad „Acta Latina“-s uwodeben, xolo ber- 

Znuls ki „Acta Graeca“-s. es wyaroebi ganxiluli 

aqvs oleg JuJunaZes naSromSi „saqarTvelos warmomadgenelTa 

monawileoba 1437-39 wlebis feraraflorenciis 

saekleso krebaze“. 

sanam uSualod CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxs SevudgebodeT, 

gavixsenoT saqarTvelos samefosa da 

136

misi eklesiis maSindeli mdgomareoba. iseT dros, 

roca bizantiis imperia arsebobis ukanasknel 

dReebs iTvlida saqarTvelos saTaveSi didad wodebuli 

mefe aleqsandre idga. igi cdilobda Temur 

lengis Semosevebisagan dasustebuli saqar- 

Tvelos maqsimalur gaZlierebas da misi eklesiis 

udidesi mzrunveli iyo. faqtebidan Cans, rom Tu 

qveynis politikur-ekonomikur gaZlierebas eqceoda 

ufro didi yuradReba, igi eklesiis gaZlierebsken 

iyo mimarTuli. amas adasturebs diakvan 

siropulosis cnobebi. memuarebidan vgebulobT, 

rom konstantinepolis patriarqs survili hqonda 

krebis konstantinepolSi Catarebisa, risTvisac 

is Tanxebis miRebas ruseTis Semdeg saqarTvelosa 

da serbeTis arqiepiskoposebisagan imedovnebda. 

igive memuarebidan vgebulobT berZenTa azrs saqarTvelos 

patriarqze „mas uxvad aqvs simdidre, 

masTan arqaukli mivida da misgan mxolod oci 

aTasi miiRo... igi mTeli aRmosvleTis patriarqia...“ 

saqarTvelos samefosa da eklesiis aseTi politikur-ekonomikuri 

siZlieris fonze ar unda iyos 

gasakviri eklesiisaTvis kuTvnili meeqvse adgili 

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebaze, romelic 

gadmocemulia „Acta Latina“-Si. mogvyvavs nawyveti 

137

aqtebidan: ~patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli 

iyvnen herakliis arqiepiskoposi (romelsac 

aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda 

da misi adgili ekava), antioqiis patriarqis mier 

gamogzavnili efesos arqiepiskoposi, ierusalimis 

patriarqis warmomadgeneli – menezis arqiepiskoposi 

da iberiis mefis warmomadgebeli-iberiis 

mitropoliti“ (5;214). maS ase, saqarTvelos eklesiis 

warmomadgenels ferara-florenciis saeklesio 

krebaze ekava marTlmadidebelTa rigSi mexuTe, 

xolo zogadad eklesaTa diptixSi meeqvse 

adgili. 

am krebiT Cven SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom Sua 

saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesias Tavisi sarwmunoebrivi 

da politikur-ekonomikuri siZlieris gamo 

msoflio diptixSi meeqvse adgili ekava. 

1453 wels daeca bizantiis imperia. 1490 wlis aqtiT 

faqtobrivad gaformda saqarTvelos daSla 

samefo samTavroebad, amieridan saqarTvelos eklesias 

saerTaSoriso asparezze veRar umagrebda 

zurgs Zlieri qarTuli saxelmwifo da aseT viTarebaSi 

msoflioSi gamoCnda axali Zala romelic 

Tavs „mesame roms“ uwodebda da Tavs bizantiis 

memkvdred acxadebda. XVI-s-Si ruseTma manamde arnaxul 

siZlieres miaRwia. mefed nakurTxma ivane 

138

IV mrisxanem (1553-1584) mTeli epoqa Seqmna ruseTis 

istoriaSi da igi Zlier centralur samefod Camoayaliba. 

1588 wels moskovSi Cavida konstantinepolis 

patriarqi ieremia, romelTanac molaparakebis 

Semdeg, 1598 wels mitropoliti iobi ruseTis 

patiarqad ikurTxa. 

ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebiT situacia icvleba 

diptixSic. bizantiis dacemiT aRmosavlurri 

qristianoba Zlier ekonomikur kriziss ganicdida. 

ruseTma ki Tavisi politikuri da ekonomikuri 

siZlieriT moaxerxa, rom msoflo patriarqebs 

da maT Soris saqarTvelosac, igi mexuTe adgilze 

eRiarebinaT. 

amasve adasturebs kaTolikos-patriarqi anton I- 

ic, roca mas ruseTSi Casuls sinodis wevrebis 

winaSe mouwia Tavisi marTlmadideblobis dacva 

„rasaca aRiarebs da daamtkicebs, Seiwynarebs da 

miiRebs dRes wminda eklesia aRmosavleTisa, romel 

ars konstantinepolisa, aleqsandriisa, antioqiisaa 

da ierusalimisa da yovlisa ruseTisa meca 

aRviareb ...“ Cvens mier moyvanili es dokumenti 

faqtobrivad asaxavs marTlmadideblur eklesiaTa 

diptixs Sua saukuneebis Semdeg. 1881 wels, anton 

II-is ruseTSi gawveviT moixsna saqarTvelos sa- 

139

patriarqos adgilis sakiTxi marTlmadideblur 

eklesiaTa rigSi. 

dasasruls, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Sua saukuneebSi 

roca saqarTvelo Tavisi ganviTarebis maRal 

safexurxe idga da rodesac saqaRvelos sapatriarqo 

Zlieri qveynis, Zlier eklesias warmoadgenda, 

mas mowinave adgili ekava msoflio eklesiaTa 

rigSi. misi adgili ganisazRvreboda marTlmadideblur 

diptixSi mexuTe, xolo msoflio eklesiaTa 

rigSi meeqvese adgiliT. daSlili saqarTvelos 

arsebobis periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiam 

da misma saWeTmpyrobelma kuTvnili adgili ruseTs 

dauTmo da TviTon erTi adgiliT ukan gadainacvla. 


1. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos 

samociqulo eklesiis istoria, tomi II, 

Tb. 1998. 

2. merab vaCnaZe, vaxtang guruli, ruseTis istoria 

(uZvelesi droidan 1801 wlamde), Tb. 

2004. 

3. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, tomi II, Tb. 

1965. 

140

4. oleg JuJunaZe, saqarTvelos warmomadgenelTa 

monawieloba 1437-39 wlebis feraraflorenciis 

saekleso krebaze. 

5. ilia tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis arqivebsa 

da wignTsacavebSi (XIII-XVIss), Tb. 1984. 

6. didi sjuliskanoni, Tb. 1975. 

7. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos 

samociqulo eklesiis istoria, tomi 

III, Tb. 1999. 

8. evsevi nikolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 

tf. 1918. 

141

sandro nikolaiSvili 



humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetis 


specialoba_msoflio istoria 

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierToba 

adre Sua saukuneebSi 

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierToba Sua 

saukuneebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. sakiTxi 

uaRresad mniSvnelovani iyo mTeli Sua saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi da mas aqtualuroba dResac 

ar daukargavs. 

am problemis ganxilvisas, aucileblad migvaCnia 

SevexoT saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis 

urTierTobis erTmaneTisagan kardinalurad 

gansxvavebul or models: aRmosavlur (bizantiur) 

da dasavlur qristianul modelebs. mecnierTa 

garkveuli nawili qristianul samyaroSi arsebuli 

urTierTobis zemoaRniSnuli modelebis identifikaciisas 

iyeneben iseT terminebs, rogoricaa 

“cezaropapizmi” da “Teokratia”. 

cezaropapizms SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mmarTvelobis 

iseTi forma, rodesac saero xelisufali, 

xSir SemTxvevaSi imperatori, gvevlineba umaRles 

142

avtoritetad religiis sferoSi da acxadebs pretenzias 

papobaze, anu is aris mefe-mRvdeli [4,2]. 

Teokratia, mmarTvelobis iseTi formaa, rodesac 

umaRlesi sasuliero xelisufali (romis 

papi) axorcielebs politikur Zalauflebas da 

Tavis avtoritets saero saqmeebSi mefeze an imperatorze 

maRla ayenebs. SesaZlebelia, es koncefcia 

ar aris srulyofili da rTulia maTi aseTi 

formiT aRmosavlur an dasavlur qristianuli 

samyarosTvis mikuTvneba. am sakiTxze dResac azrTa 

sxvadasxvaobaa. 

zemoaRniSnuli kvlevis mizans warmoadgens 

im mizezebis dadgena, romlebmac ganapiroba saero 

da sasuliero xelisuflebis urTierTobis 

Taviseburebebis Camoyalibeba bizantiis imperiasa 

da dasavleT evropaSi. 

IV saukuneSi romis imperiaSi arsebuli krizisi 

ara marto politikur, aramed cxovrebis yvela 

sferoSi vlindeba. mosaxleobis didi nawilis 

religiuri grZnobebi aSkara kriziss ganicdis. 

warmarTuli kultebi veRar akmayofilebs xalxis 

sulier moTxovnilebebs, kargavs ra pirvandel 

mniSvnelobas, isini Cveulebriv yofiTi kulturis 

nawilebi xdeba. romis imperiaSi aSkarad mZlavrobs 

aRmosavluri provinciebidan Semosuli kul- 

143

tebi da filosofiur-mistikuri ideebi, xdeba 

RvTaebebis sinkretizacia. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis 

didi nawilisaTvis gaugebaria axali 

filosofiur-mistikuri ideebi. axali religia _ 

qristianoba, Tavisi sayovelTao, gasagebi ideebi- 

Ta da monoTeizmis wyalobiT swrafad vrceldeba 

mosaxleobaSi. 

ax. w. IV saukuneSi romis imperiaSi qristianobis 

saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebam warmar- 

Tuli saxelmwifos transformacia gamoiwvia, rac 

gamoixata rogorc religiur, aseve politikur da 

socialur-ekonomiur sferoebSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani 

gardaqmnebiT. gansakuTrebuli Zvrebi saxelmwifo 

wyobilebasa da politikur instituteb- 

Si SeimCneoda. 

oqtaviane avgustusis reformis Sedegad Camoyalibda 

imperatoris tradiciuli kulti, romelmac 

odnav saxecvlili formiT mravali saukune 

iarseba, maT Soris qristianul periodSic. imperatori 

erTpirovneuli mmarTveli, UUumaRlesi qurumi 

(pontifex maxzimus) da RvTebac gaxda. paralelurad 

SeizRuda senatis uflebebi da misi mniSvneloba 

politikur cxovrebaSi formaluri gaxda. 

imperiis aRmosavluri provinciebis mzardma 

progresma imperatoris yuradRebisa da politiku- 

144

i centris am mimarTulebiT gadatana gamoiwvia. 

diokletiane Tavisi rezidenciisaTvis ukve aRmosavleTs 

irCevs, cvlis mmarTvelobis sistemas da 

rac mTavaria, imperatoris kultis sruliad axlebur, 

aRmosavlur models qmnis. mmarTvelobis 

aRmosavluri sistemis mimzidveloba aSkarad 

TvalSisacemi gaxda _ imperatoris Tayvaniscema 

sparsul stilSi xorcieldeba, sul ufro ikargeba 

Zveli romauli xasiaTi da sabolood, imperatori 

kidev ufro ganyenebul pirovnebad gvevlineba. 

yovelive es aSkarad warmatebuli aRmoCnda 

imperatoris Zlierebisa da didebis xazgasasmelad. 

konstantine I-ma kargad moirgo da SeiTvisa 

diokletianes novatoruli ideebi da misi srulyofac 

moaxdina. 

rodesac sakiTxi eklesiisa da saxelmwifos 

urTierTobis adreul etaps Seexeba, gverds ver 

avuvliT “pirveli qristiani imperatoris” _ konstantine 

I didisa da misi epoqis daxasiaTebas. 

swored konstantines saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli 

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba 

da mTeli rigi Kkulturul-politikuri xasiaTis 

reformebi, romelmac warmarTuli saxelmwifos 

qristianul imperiad gardaqmnas Seuwyo 

145

xeli. ra Tqma unda Zveli, warmarTuli tradiciebis, 

azrovnebis formis da religiuri kultebis 

transpormacia rTuli da xangrZlivi procesi aRmoCnda. 

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebis 

pirvelsave etapze gamovlinda is sir- 

Tuleebi, romelic dakavSirebuli iyo axali 

“qristiani imperatoris” koncefciis CamoyalibebasTan, 

kerZod, imdroindeli sazogadoebisaTvis 

Zalze problemuri aRmoCnda antikur-elinuri 

msoflmxedvelobisagan erTbaSad gaTavisufleba. 

yvelaze naTlad antikur-elinuri ideebis gavlena 

gamoixata imperatoris kultis gardaqmnisas, rodesac 

man qristianuli ideebic SeiTvisa. qristianuli 

moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo da religia 

erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad unda yofiliyo, 

xolo es azri ewinaaRmdegeboda imas, rac 

mTeli antikuri periodis ganmavlobaSi erTmane- 

Tisagan ganuyofelad da Serwymulad arsebobda[4,6]. 

konstantinesa da imdroindeli politikuri 

elitisaTvis rTuli aRmoCnda antikuri memkvidreobis 

uaryofa, amitomac “umaRlesi qurumi” 

(pontifex maximus) gardaiqmna “RvTiT kurTxeul monarqad”, 

romelsac Zalaufleba TviT uflisagan 

hqonda boZebuli. am SemTxvevaSi, aSkarad hqonda 

adgili warmarTuli da Kqristianuli ideebis 

146

sinkretizacias, rac imperators uflebas aZlevda 

gamxdariyo umaRlesi avtoriteti saeklesio saqmeebSic 

ki. inteleqtualuri da impulsuri aRmosavleTisaTvis 

imperatori eklesiisa da imperiis er- 

Tianobis simbolod Camoyalibda da IV saukuneSi 

Seqmnili mmarTvelobis es modeli karga xans SemorCa 

bizantielTa cnobierebaSi. 

zemoaRniSnuli koncefciis SemuSavebaSi didi 

wvlili IV saukunis istorikoss, Teologsa da 

saeklesio moRvawes evsevi kesariels miuZRvis, 

romelmac Zalze gadaWarbebulad Seafasa imperatoris 

roli TviT qristiani xalxebis gadarCenis 

saqmeSi da amiT pirdapir daamkvidra antikuri 

gadmonaSTi qristianul azrovnebaSi. mecnierTa 

garkveuli nawili, maT Soris fiustel de kulan- 

Ji, mas bizantiuri “cezaropapizmis” sulisCamdgmeladac 

miiCnevs[4,8]. Tumca xelaRebiT mtkiceba 

imisa, rom bizantiaSi eklesia da saxelmwifo ar 

iyo erTmaneTisagan gamijnuli, ise, rogor amas 

dasavleli mecnierebi miiCneven, simarTles ar Seesabameba. 

qristianobis gamarjvebis Semdeg, imperiaSi 

Tavis adgilis damkvidreba daiwyo Zlierma da saxelmwifos 

msgavsad ierarqiulad organizebulma 

eklesiam, romelic sakuTari erTobiT mkveTrad 

147

gansxvavdeboda misi winamorbedi, warmarTuli religiuri 

sistemisagan. saero xelisuflebis gverdiT 

aRmocenda Zlieri, organizebuli da mtkice 

ideologiis mqone instituti. swored aqedan moyolebuli 

iwyeba imperatorisa da eklesiis uflebebis 

arealis gansazRvra. 

325 wels qalaq nikeaSi mowveulma I msoflio 

saeklesio krebam zustad gamoxata saero da sasuliero 

xelisuflebis urTierTdamokidebulebis 

is forma, romelic aRmosavluri qristianuli 

samyarosaTvis xangrZlivad ucvleli darCa. Aariozulma 

eresma saxelmwifos orad gaxleCis sa- 

SiSroeba Seuqmna. swored am konkretul situacia- 

Si, imperatorma gamoiyena Tavisi Zalaufleba da 

misi brZanebiT mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba. krebas 

uSualod imperatori adevnebda Tvalyurs, 

krebis sxdomasac igi xsnida da misi avtoritetic 

saeklesio saqmeebSi sasuliero pirebisaTvis absoluturad 

misaRebi iyo. sazeimo sxdomaze imperatoris 

mier warmoTqmuli misasalmebeli sityva 

misi avtoritetisa da amave dros, krebis legitimurobis 

kidev erTi xazgasmaa. swored aqedan moyolebuli, 

aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi saeklesio 

krebebi sasuliero sferoSi umaRles avtoritetadaa 

miCneuli. xSir SemTxvevaSi, saeklesio 

148

krebebis mowvevis gadawyvetilebac da masze saboloo 

sityvis warmoTqmac imperatoris prerogativas 

warmoadgens. kardinalurad gansxvavebulia vi- 

Tardeba dasavleT qristianul samyaroSi, sadac 

umaRlesi sasuliero piri - romis papi pretenzias 

acxadebs iyos uzanaesi xelisufali ara marto 

saeklesio, aramed politikur cxovrebaSic. amas 

ramodenime mizezi ganapirobebda. romis imperiis 

krizisi ufro TvalSisacemia mis dasavleT nawilSi 

da swored amiT aixsneba imperatoris aRmosavleTisaken 

swrafva, rac 330w. axali dedaqalaqis 

_ konstantinopolis daarsebiT dagirgvinda. 

odesRac didebiT mosili qalaqi romi da 

mTlianad italia Tavis pirvandel mniSvnelobas 

kargavs. inteleqtualur-SemoqmedebiTi unaris 

mqone mosaxleobis nawilic aRmosavleTisaken iswrafvis. 

germanel tomTa Semosevebi sul ufro 

da ufro autanels xdis politikur mdgomareobas. 

centraluri xelisufleba dezorganizebulia. 

476 wels dasavleT romis ukanaskneli imperatori 

goTebis mier taxtidan iqna Camogdebuli, riTac 

xangrZlivad daesva wertili imperiaSi mSvidobasa 

da stabilurobas. anarqiis periodSi papis mniSvneloba 

TandaTanobiT izrdeba. xSiria SemTxvevebi, 

rodesac umaRlesi sasuliero piri sakuTari 

149

niWisa da unaris wyalobiT axerxebs Tavidan aacilos 

mosaxleobas mZime krizisi. 451 wels erTaderTi 

Zala, romelmac molaparakebebisa da didi 

gamosasyidis safasurad romi kidev erTi, amjerad 

atilas, darbevisagan ixsna papi leo I iyo. politikuri 

anarqia da centraluri xelisuflebis sisuste 

papis, rogorc erTaderTi xelisuflis rolis 

zrdas mniSvnelovnad aCqarebda. amave dros, 

dasavleT qristianul samyaroSi romi erTaderTi 

samociqulo avtokefaluri eklesia iyo, rasac 

ver vityviT aRmosavleTze, sadac ukve arsebobda: 

antioqiis, ierusalimis, aleqsandriisa da konstantinopolis 

kaTedrebi. 

dasavleTis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis 

daqveiTebas Tan mohyva elinistur-antikuri 

tradiciebisa da memkvidreobis ufro mkveTri Sesusteba 

aq, vidre aRmosavleTSi. aRmosavluri 

sivrcisagan gansxvavebiT, swavla-ganaTlebis sistema 

mTlianad sasuliero wodebis xelSi moeqca, 

ramac eklesiis Zlierebis arsebobas Seuwyo xeli. 

adre Sua saukuneebSi dasavleTSi aSkarad igrZnoboda 

eklesiis dominirebis procesi. sainteresoa 

IV saukunis Teologisa da saeklesio piris netari 

augustines koncefcia sasuliero da saero xelisuflebis 

Sesaxeb, romelic man Tavis ,,RvTis 

150

qalaqSi” Camoayaliba. man sasuliero xelisufleba 

saeroze maRla daayena evsevi keserielisagan 

gansxvavebiT, romelic imperators gansakuTrebul 

mniSvnelobas aniWebda. netari augustine kaTolikuri 

eklesiisaTvis uaRresad didi avtoriteti 

iyo da romis papebic warmatebiT iyenebdnen mis 

naSromebs sakuTari uzenaesobis dasabuTebisaTvis. 

amgvarad, saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobis 

ori erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli sistemis 

Camoyalibebas qristianul samyaroSi ramodenime 

faqtori ganapirobebda: politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri 

da mentaluri. aRmosavleTis eklesiis 

gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba ganpirobebuli 

iyo bizantiis imperatoris ganuzomeli avtoritetiT, 

mosaxleobis gansxvavebuli cnobierebiTa da 

Zlieri antikuri memkvidreobis SenarCunebis wyalobiT. 

xolo dasavleTSi politikuri xelisuflebis 

sisustem, germanuli tomebis migraciam da 

erTaderTi romis saeklesio kaTedris arsebobam 

saxelmwifosa da eklesiis xangrZliv dapirispirebas 

Seuwyo xeli. 

151

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi daLliteratura: 

1. В.В. Болотов, Лекции по истории Древней Церкви 

2..А.А. Васильев, История Византийской империи, т. 1, M. 

1996 

3. Енё Гергей, Иcтория Папства, М, 1996 

4. Жилъбер Дагрон, Восточный цезаропапизм. 

www.gummer.info. 

5. Шарль Диль, Основные проблемы 

византийской истории, M., 1947. 

6. А.В. Карташев, Вселенские Соборы, M., 2006 

7. А.П. Лебедев, Христианский Мир и Эллино-Римская 

Цивилизация, СП., 2005 

8. Й.Лортц. История Церкви рассмотренная в связи с 

историей идей 

9. М.Э. Поснов, История Христианской Церкви 

10. Б.Рассел, История Западной философии, Новосибирск, 

2003 

11. CHRISTOPHER BRYAN. Render to Caesar: Jesus, the Early 

Church, and the Roman Superpower, Оoxford. 2005 

152

MSandro Nikolaishvili 




direction of history of World 

The relationship between church and state in early 

middle ages 

Summary 

The relationship between church and state is one of the most 

important issues in Medieval History. When Christianity was 

declared as state religion in Roman Empire a newly formed 

church became the strongest organization. After division of the 

Roman Empire two different distinctive relations formed between 

secular and Church authorities. In the west, strong, ideological 

and political circumstances determined the Pope’s dominant 

power. After the fall of Western Roman Empire in 5 th century no 

signal secular power emerged in West and the Pope religious 

authority gained also secular functions. 

Different process took place in Eastern Roman Empire also 

known as Byzantium. The strong secular power and authority of 

emperor didn’t give possibility church to be dominant, on the 

contrary church and state were separate. Sometimes church was 

under the big influence of the state... It will be very useful finally 

to conclude and analyze the characteristic of ‘Caesaropapism”. 

153

Was it typical for Western Europe in middle ages or for 

Byzantium? 

When we are dealing with relationship between state and 

church we have to mention about Constantine I who transformed 

the religious and political ideology, created new Christian empire, 

with strong cult of Christian emperor. 

The different cultural, religious and exceptional form of 

thinking which developed in Byzantium and in Europe was very 

important. Those issues determine the totally different relation 

between State and Church. 

154

Tamar tlaSaZe 




specialoba-filosofia 

IV kursi 

wmindanTa kanonizaciis evolucia 

dasavleTis eklesiaSi 

qristianuli eklesia Tavisi arsebobis adreuli 

sawyisebidanve pativs miagebs im pirovnebebs, 

romlebmac sagangebo RvawliTa da saTnoebiT 

gamoiara amqveyniuri cxovreba da didi msaxureba 

gauwia eklesias. xSirad es mowameobrivi aRsasruliTac 

ki gamovlindeboda. 

Tavdapirvelad ,,wmindanad” iwodaboda yoveli 

monaTluli qristiani, eklesiis wevri, magram 

IV saukunidan am sityvam sagangebo Sinaarsi SeiZina 

da mxolod garkveul pirovnebebze gavrcelda. 

pirvelni, romelTac miiRes ,,wmindanis”saxelwodaba, 

am sityvis sagangebo mniSvnelobiT iyvnen mociqulebi 

da mowameebi. 

wmindanTa dasSi Seracxva, romelic X saukunidan 

laTinuri sityviT `kanonizaciiT~ moixsenieboda, 

warmoadgenda saeklesio xelisuflebis 

garkveul qmedebas, aqts, sarwmunoebis gardacvlil 

moRvaweze. eklesiis istoriaSi kanonizaci- 

155

am mravali saxecvlileba ganicada. xSirad masTan 

iyo dakavSirebuli mcdeloba aecilebinaT wmindanTa 

dasSi siwmindiT saeWvo pirTa Seracxva.ase 

magaliTad, Zvel eklesiaSi wmindanad Seracxul 

adamianTa gancalkevebuli aqti ar moiTxoveboda 

da saqme Semoifargleboda mxolod maTi saxelebis 

zepiri moxseniebiTa da aRsasrulis dReze 

dResaswaulis dawesebiT. 

ukve II saukunis saeklesio wyaroebSi saxarebiseul 

movlenaTa aRsaniSnavad dawesebuli 

sadResaswaulo dReebis gverdiT gvxvdeba cnobebi 

mowameTa xsenebis dReebis aRniSvnis Sesaxeb. adreuli 

periodis eklesiaSi Tayvaniscemul wmindanTa 

ricxvis Sesaxeb SeiZleba vimsjeloT Cvenamde 

moRweuli kalendrebis, martirologebisa 

da monologiebis mixedviT. maT Soris yvelaze adrindeli 

III_IV saukunis martirologebi ZiriTadad 

laTinuri sasamarTlo aqtebis, e.w. ,,prokonsulTa 

aqtebis” Targmans, an gadamuSavebul variants 

warmoadgenen.es aqtebi imperator konstantines 

brZanebiT imperiis yvela did qalaqSi inaxeboda. 

romis xelisuflebis faqtobrivi aqtebis 

garda, I_II sakuneebidan Cvenamde SemorCenilia ama 

Tu im mowamis cxovrebis aRweris pirveli mcde- 

156

lobebi eklesiis mxridanac, rac mowameTa Tayvaniscemaze 

metyvelebs. 

Zveli eklesiis mowameTa Sesaxeb Semor- 

Cenili Canawerebi sakmaod moklea, radgan romis 

sasamarTloze stenografistTa mier xdeboda mxolod 

mosamarTleTa SekiTxvebisa da braldebul- 

Ta pasuxebis Cawera. sasamarTlo Canawerebs hqonda 

dakiTxvis oqmis saxe, sadac dasawyisSi aRniSnuli 

iyo prokonsulis saxeli, romlis olqSic 

imarTeboda sasamarTlo, Semdeg weli, Tve, ricxvi, 

zogjer miTiTebuli iyo droc. bolos mocemuli 

iyo dakiTxvis teqsti, romelic warmoadgenda 

dialogs sasamarTlo moxeleebsa da braldebuls 

Soris. dakiTxvis dasasruls igi prokonsulis 

brZanebiT xmamaRla ikiTxeboda. Semdeg ki gamohqondaT 

gadawyvetileba da acxadebdnen gana- 

Cens. 

wmindanTa Soris iricxeboda qristesaTvis 

yveli wamebuli, romelTa saxelebic, rogorc mowameobrivi 

sisxliT ganwmendilebisa maTi cxovrebis 

gamoZiebis gareSe avsebdnen wmindanTa dass. 

eklesia zogjer am sasamarTloebze gzavnida pirs 

romelsac evaleboda Caewera dakiTxulis naambobi. 

es Canawerebi mogvianebiT SeuerTda monologiebs 

rogorc ,,wamebani” da dalagebul iqna romis 

157

kalendris dReebis mixedviT.IV saukunis bolos 

kalendari sruli gaxda. wmindanTa ricxvi ki imdenad 

gaizarda, rom wlis manZilze maTi xsenebis 

gareSe ar rCeboda arc erTi dRe. magram aseTi 

sruli Zveli qristianuli kalendari Cvenamde ar 

SemorCenila. 

imis gamo, rom V saukunis dasawyisisaTvis 

wmindanTa pativad dResaswaulebis gamarTvam sakmaod 

farTo xasiaTi miiRo, saeklesio xelisufleba 

valdebuli gaxda Tvalyuri edevnebina wmindanTa 

SeracxvisaTvis da aseve aRekveTa cru kanonizebis 

faqtebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavdapirvelad 

wmindanebi umetes SemTxvevaSi adgilobrivi TayvaniscemiT 

ganididebodnen, Semdeg ki maT mier aRsrulebul 

saswaulTa gamovlenasTan erTad, maTi 

Tayvaniscema saerTo saeklesio xasiaTis xdeboda. 

kanonizacia wesebis dacviT rom Sesrulebuliyo, 

dasavleTis eklesiaSi, adgilobriv 

episkoposs evaleboda Tvalyuri edevnebina am 

procesisaTvis da Tavisi azri Seetyobinebina romis 

papisaTvis, romelsac kardinalebTan erTad 

gadamwyveti xma ekuTvnoda ama Tu im pirovnebis 

wmindanad aRiarebis sakiTxSi. pirveli kanonizeba 

exeboda augsburgis episkopos ulrixs, romelic 

158

993 wels Sesrulebul iqna pap ioane XV-s mier 

romis provinciis episkoposTa krebulTan er- 

Tad.mogvianebiT episkoposTa krebam dakarga Tavisi 

mniSvneloba wmindanTa kanonizaciis saqmeSi, 

rac mTlianad papisa da kardinalebis xelSi aRmoCnda. 

romaul-kaTolikur eklesiaSi wmindanad 

Sesaracxi pirovnebisTvis arsebobda garkveuli 

pirobebi, romelTa dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi da 

gardacvalebidan xuTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg iwyeboda 

kanonizaciis procesi. pirobebi iyo Semdegi: 

kuTvnileba eklesiisadmi, kanonizebadi sikvdili, 

Sesaracxi pirovnebis cxovrebis siwminde da saswaulebis 

gamovlineba. saswaulis aRsruleba wmindanad 

Seracxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa, 

romelic sikvdilis Semdeg unda aResrulebodes 

moRvawis mier, amasTan es unda iyos aranakleb 

oTxi saswaulisa,romelic damowmebul iqneba 

TviTmxilvelebis mier. 

dasavleTis eklesiaSi kanonizaciis aqts 

XVII saukunidan win uZRoda beaTifikaciis aqti, 

romelic warmoadgenda kanonizaciis dabal safexurs, 

rodesac adamiani sikvdilis Semdeg cxaddeboda 

netarad, Tumca amiT ar wydeboda misi wmindanobis 

sakiTxi. pirveli yvela wesiT gaformebu- 

159

li beaTifikacia Sesrulebul iqna francisko 

solskovos mimarT 1662 wels papis benediqte XIVs 

mier. manve daawesa gansazRvruli moTxovnebi beaTifikaciis 

procesis, romlis Tanaxmadac unda 

Semowmebuliyo wmindanad Sesaracxi pirovnebisaTvis 

dawerili Txzuleba (aseTis arsebobis Sem- 

TxvevaSi), unda Sefasebuliyo gmirobis xarisxi 

da aseve gamocxadebuliyo mis mier Sesrulebuli 

saswaulis faqti. 

beaTifikaciis aqti dayofili iyo gamosacdel 

processa da TviT beaTifikaciis aqtad. masSi 

monawileobdnen rqmenis win wamomwevni, romelTac 

sxvagvarad eSmakis winaSe wmindanis damcvelic 

ewodeboda, romlis movaleoba iyo naTeli moefina 

wmindanad gamosacxadebeli kandidatis cxovrebidan 

garkveul momentebisaTvis. mas hyavda oponenti, 

romelic cdilobda dasaxelebuli argumentebis 

uaryofas. adgilobrivi episkoposis mier 

moZiebuli da mopovebuli masalebi Sesaracxi pirovnebis 

Sesaxeb, gansaxilvelad waredgineboda 

sagangebo kongregacias da amiT amoiwureboda gamosacdeli 

procesi, ris Semdegac dgeboda Tavad 

beaTifikaciis aqti, romelic mdgomareobda specialur 

da generalur inkviziciaSi, ganacxadebda 

ra sakiTxs didebisa da saswaulebis Sesaxeb, ri- 

160

Tac garkveuli unda yofiliyo damtkicebulia Tu 

ara moRvawis siwminde, mis mier aRsrulebuli 

saswaulebi. 

beaTifikaciis ceremonia rogorc wesi tardeboda 

da tardeba wminda petres taZarSi, sadac 

farads xdidnen netaris xats, ikiTxeboda dekreti 

beaTifikaciis Sesaxeb, wmindanis locva da 

sruldeboda himni. 

beaTifikaciis aqtis Semdeg papis TanxmobiT 

dgeba kanonizebis aqti, imave rigiT, riTac beaTifikacia 

aRsrulda. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi 

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas specialuri ganCineba, 

yovelgvari formalobis gareSe wmindanad Seracxvis 

Sesaxeb. 

dasasruls, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom wmindanTa 

kanonizacia eklesiis istoriaSi arasdros ar yofila 

erTsaxovani. Seracxvis yovel calkeul Sem- 

TxvevaSi arsebobda gansakuTrebuli mizezebi, 

romlebic SeiZleba damokidebuli yofiliyo rogorc 

moRvawis mier arCeul Rvawlze, aseve im sulier 

moTxovnilebebze,romlebic yovel istoriul 

momentSi eklesias miaCnda aucileblad. 

eklesiis arsebobis sxvadasxva istoriul periodSi, 

wmindanTa kanonizebis mizezebisa da saxesxvaobisas 

erTi ram yovelTvis ucvleli rCebo- 

161

da: yovelgvari Tayvaniscema wmindanisa warmoadgenda 

RvTis siwmindis gancxadebas da yovelTvis 

aResruleboda eklesiis neba-surviliT. 


1. Канонизация святых в ХХ веке, М., 1999 

2. Полный православный богословний словарь, М., 1992 

3. Католическая Энциклопедия 

4. panaiotis bumisi, kanonikuri samarTali, 

Tb., 2007 

162

MTamar Tlashadze 




specialization –philosophy 

IV year 

The evolution of canonization of saints in West 

Christian Church 

Summary 

This work describes the evolution of canonization in West 

Christian Church. Here are discussed first steps of canonization 

when adoration of saints require any separate formal acts. in this 

work there are represented the changes which were happening 

during centuries and there are also characterized the canonization 

and beatification acts the remain the same until today. 

163

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