TΟ ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΣΚΕΨΗΣ -ΑΛΕΞΗΣ ΚΑΡΠΟΥΖΟΣ
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Αλέξης Καρπούζος<br />
ΤΟ <strong>ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ</strong> <strong>ΤΗΣ</strong> <strong>ΣΚΕΨΗΣ</strong><br />
Σκέψη και Γλώσσα στους Αρχαιοελληνικούς Χρόνους<br />
Εργαστήριο Σκέψης, Αθήνα 2012
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
80
-<br />
<br />
81
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
82
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
83
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
84
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
85
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
86
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
88
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
89
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
90
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
91
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
92
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
93
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
94
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
95
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
96
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
98
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
99
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
100
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
101
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
102
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
103
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
104
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
105
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
106
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
108
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
109
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
110
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
111
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
112
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
113
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
114
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
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<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
115
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
116
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
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-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
118
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
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-<br />
-<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
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<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
119
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<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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-<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
120
-<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
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-<br />
-<br />
<br />
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<br />
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-<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
121
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<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
-<br />
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<br />
-<br />
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<br />
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122
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-<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
123
-<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-<br />
-<br />
<br />
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1952
1953
1980
ΤΟ <strong>ΧΡΟΝΙΚΟ</strong> <strong>ΤΗΣ</strong> <strong>ΣΚΕΨΗΣ</strong><br />
Ενώ όµως, για τον Ηράκλειτο ο Λόγος «είναι» λέγειν σκεπτόµενο<br />
και ποιητικό του Εν-Όλου, µε τους σοφιστές ο Λόγος µετασχηµατίζεται<br />
σε ρηµατική οµιλία και ο στοχαστικός βίος γίνεται υπόθεση<br />
ρητορείας, τεχνική της επιχειρηµατολογίας και διδασκαλία. Με τον<br />
Πλάτωνα και τον Αριστοτέλη, εραστές της σοφίας και της γνώσης,<br />
ο Λόγος γίνεται φιλοσοφικός και µεταφυσικός. Ο Λόγος ως είναι<br />
εν τω γίγνεσθαι του Εν-Όλου, µεταβάλλεται σε απόπειρα καθυπόταξης<br />
της χρονικότητας του γίγνεσθαι στην ά-χρονη παρουσία του<br />
Είναι και της υπερβατικής ουσίας του. Με τους δύο µεγάλους δασκάλους<br />
της σκέψης, το Εν-Όλον διασπάται, το είναι διαχωρίζεται<br />
από το µη είναι, η ιδέα του φαινοµένου γίνεται η κυρίαρχη όψη του,<br />
η αλήθεια οδηγείται προς την adaequatio intellectus et rei και ο<br />
ανθρώπινος λόγος µετασχηµατίζεται σε κριτή της αλήθειας και της<br />
ουσίας των όντων και των πραγµάτων.
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