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AXn-Po-hn-¨v ap-tdpw
kÀ-¡mÀ H-¸-ap@ mIpw
]nW-dm-bn hn-P-b³
(_lp. tI-c-f ap-Jy-a{´n)
t‐e‐mI‐w a‐pg‐ph³
C‐u{]f-b-s¡-Sp-Xnsb
{‐i²‐n¨‐n«‐p>‐v.
Z‐pc´§f‐ns‐e
{‐]X‐nkÔ‐nIs‐f
ad‐nIS‐v a‐mX‐rI‐m]
ca‐mb c‐oX‐nb‐nÂ
Db‐nÀs‐¯g‐pt‐ä
P\X F
A`‐na‐m\t‐¯‐ms‐S
\a‐p¡‐v a‐pt‐dW‐w
fbs‐¡S‐pX‐nb‐ns‐e c£‐m{‐]
{‐] hÀ¯\‐w F BZ‐yL«‐w \Ã
\‐neb‐n¯s‐ ]‐qÀ¯‐nb‐m¡‐m³
s‐s‐Is‐ab‐v ad‐v klIc‐n¨
FÃ‐mhs‐cb‐p‐w A`‐n\µ‐n¡‐p‐p.
\‐qä‐mï‐pIf‐mb‐n \½‐ps‐S \‐m«‐nÂ
hfÀ‐ph a\‐pj‐yk‐vt‐\l¯‐ns‐âb‐p‐w
X‐y‐mKk²Xb‐ps‐Sb‐p‐w t‐kh\
X¸cXb‐ps‐Sb‐p‐w AS‐n¯db‐mW‐v
ka‐m\XIf‐nÃ‐m¯ C‐u {‐]X‐nkÔ‐ns‐b
ad‐nIS¡‐pX‐n\‐v Ic‐p¯‐mb‐n a‐md‐nbX‐v.
B k‐wk-‐vI‐mcs‐¯ I‐qS‐pXÂ iàa‐mb‐n
D‐u«‐nb‐pd¸‐n¨‐v a‐pt‐‐m«‐pt‐]‐mt‐IïX‐ns‐â
{‐]‐m[‐m\‐y‐wI‐qS‐n H‐mÀas‐¸S‐p¯‐p‐pï‐v
C‐u c£‐m {‐]hÀ¯\‐w.
c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐v h‐nh‐n[Xc¯‐ne‐pÅ
kl‐mb§Ä t‐I{‐µ
kÀ¡‐mc‐ns‐â `‐mK¯‐p\‐n‐pï‐mb‐n«‐pï‐v.
{‐][‐m\a{‐´‐nb‐p‐w B`‐y´ca{‐´‐nb‐p‐w
t‐Icf‐w kµÀi‐n¨‐p F‐v a‐m{‐XaÃ‐,
AS‐nb´c kl‐mb[\‐w {‐]
J‐y‐m]‐n¡‐pIb‐p‐w s‐Nb‐vX‐n«‐pï‐v. I‐qS‐pXÂ
kl‐mb§Ä \ÂI‐ms‐a Dd¸‐p‐w \
ÂI‐nb‐n«‐pï‐v. C¯c‐w CSs‐]SÂ
\µ‐nt‐b‐ms‐S kÀ¡‐mÀ H‐mÀ¡‐p‐p.
c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐v k‐wØ‐m\s‐¯
kl‐mb‐n¡‐pX‐n\‐v FÃ‐m
Xe¯‐ne‐pa‐pÅ kl‐mbh‐p‐w KhÀWd‐ps‐S
`‐mK¯‐p\‐n‐pï‐mbX‐p‐w C‐u Ahkc¯‐nÂ
k‐vac‐n¡‐p‐p.
{‐]h‐mk‐nIÄ
t‐Icf¯‐ns‐â Z‐pc‐nX¯‐n \‐mS‐n\‐p]‐pd¯‐v
P‐oh‐n¡‐pt‐¼‐mg‐p‐w t‐Icf¯‐ns‐â `‐mKa‐ms‐W t‐_‐m[‐w
I‐m¯‐pk‐q£‐n¨‐ps‐I‐mï‐v F‐p‐w CSs‐]«‐n«‐pÅ {‐]
h‐mk‐nIÄ he‐nb kl‐mbh‐p‐w k‐w`‐mh\b‐pa‐mW‐v
Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk¯‐n\‐v \ÂI‐nbX‐v. Ahc‐ps‐S k‐vt‐\
lk¼‐qÀWa‐mb kl‐mb¯‐n\‐v \µ‐n t‐cJs‐¸S‐p¯‐p‐p.
hk‐v{‐X§f‐p‐waä‐p‐w Ah‐ns‐S\‐n‐v Ab¡‐pX‐n\‐v ]ec‐p‐w
k²X Ad‐nb‐n¡‐p‐pï‐v. F‐mÂ‐, Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk
\‐n[‐nb‐nt‐e¡‐v k‐w`‐mh\ \ÂI‐ns‐¡‐mï‐v C‐u {‐]
hÀ¯\¯‐n ]¦‐mf‐nIf‐mI‐pIb‐mW‐v s‐Nt‐¿ïX‐v.
IndianTruth
The IndianTruth Evening Daily
2018 August
Managing Editor : E.M. Babu
Sub Editor's
Chalikkara Radhakrishnan
Rajan Narayamkulam
K.K. Divakaran
N. Devadas
Muneer Chengani
Gangadharan Koothali
Baby Joseph
General Manager : Zemin Babu
Advertisement : Ashmi B.S.
Circulation : Deeraj Babu
Cover & Layout : Rajilal Sarga
Contact Info: Indiantruth Kozhikode,
Lunar Building, Perambra-673525
Ph: 9495760315
indiantruthnews@gmail.com
EDITOR'S DESK
tZio-b-Zp-c- ´-am-bn {]-Jym-]n¡pI
cf‐w A\‐p-`-h‐n¨‐v s‐I‐mï‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-X‐v
t‐Ika‐m-\-X-I-f‐n-Ã‐m¯ Z‐pc-´-a‐m-W‐v.
t‐I‐m]‐n¨ {‐]I‐r-X‐n¡‐v a‐p¼‐n \a‐p¡‐v I‐mc‐ya‐m-b‐n-s‐«‐m‐p‐w
s‐N¿‐m-\‐n-Ã. A\‐p-`-h‐n-¡‐p-It‐b
\‐nh‐r-¯‐n-b‐p-Å‐q. AX‐p-s‐I‐mï‐v k‐m[‐y-a‐mb
c£‐m-k-a‐m-i‐z‐mk {‐]hÀ¯-\-§-s‐fÃ‐m‐w FÃ‐m
Xe-§-f‐ne‐p‐w k‐wL-S‐n-¸‐n-¡-W‐w. CX‐v s‐s‐Zh
t‐I‐m]-a‐m-s‐W‐v {‐]N-c‐n-¸‐n¨‐v FÃ‐m s‐hf‐n-¨-
§-t‐fb‐p‐w s‐IS‐p-¯‐m-\‐pÅ t‐_‐m[-]‐qÀÆ-a‐mb
{‐iah‐p‐w \S-¡‐p-‐pï‐v. h‐nh-c-t‐¡-S‐ns‐â A
¯c‐w {‐]I-S-\-§-s‐f s‐s‐Zh‐w t‐]‐me‐p‐w Ah-
K-W‐n-¡‐p-I-b‐m-b‐n-c‐n¡‐p‐w. I‐mcW‐w s‐s‐Zh-
¯‐ns‐â Ic-§Ä A`b‐w \ÂI‐m\‐p‐w hc‐w-\
ÂI‐n A\‐p-{‐K-l‐n-¡‐m-\‐p-a‐m-W‐v. t‐I‐m]‐n-¡‐p
Ie-I-s‐f‐m‐p‐w s‐s‐Zh-¯‐n\‐v CÃ Xs‐. ]‐ns‐
H‐p-ÅX‐v kl‐n-¡‐m³ h¿‐m¯ Ft‐´‐m
N‐neX‐v \‐m‐w {‐]I‐r-X‐n-t‐b‐mS‐v s‐Nb‐vX‐p F‐p-
Å-X‐m-W‐v. I‐p‐p‐w aeb‐p‐w hbe‐p‐w Ac‐p-h‐nb‐p‐w
]‐pgb‐p‐w {‐]I‐r-X‐n-b‐n s‐hd‐ps‐X h‐nX‐m-\‐n-¨-
X-Ã. FÃ‐m‐w X§Ä¡‐v h‐n¡‐m-\‐p‐w h‐m§‐m-
\‐p-a‐pÅ Nc-¡‐p-I-f‐m-¡‐p Hc‐p h‐yh-Ø¡‐v
I‐og‐n {‐]I‐r-X‐n-s‐b-¡‐p-d‐n-¨‐pÅ A¯c‐w N‐n´-
I-s‐fÃ‐m‐w h‐nU‐v-V‐n-¯-a‐m-b‐nt‐« ]c‐n-K-W‐n¡‐pIb‐p-Å‐q.
GX‐m-b‐me‐p‐w `‐qh‐n\‐n-t‐b‐mK‐w `‐qa‐n-b‐ps‐S
s‐s‐Ia‐mä‐w F‐n-h-b‐n I‐mc‐y-a‐mb \‐nb-{‐´W‐w
t‐hW‐w FÃ‐m hk‐vX‐p-¡f‐p‐w FÃ‐m Bf‐p-If‐p‐w
X§Ä¡‐v h‐n¡‐m\‐p‐w h‐m§‐m-\‐p-a‐pÅ D]‐m[‐n-I-f‐m-s‐W‐v
Ic‐p-X‐p d‐nb Ft‐Ìä‐v _‐nk‐n-\-k‐p-I‐ms‐c k‐pJ‐n-¸‐n-¡‐m³
Bc‐p‐w a‐n\-s‐¡-S-c‐pX‐v. `‐qa‐n AX‐y‐m-h-i‐y-§Ä¡‐v a‐m{‐X‐w D]-
t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w AX‐n-\‐p-t‐hï‐n a‐m{‐X‐w s‐s‐Ia‐mä‐w s‐N¿-
s‐¸-S‐p-Ib‐p‐w s‐N¿‐p‐p F‐v Dd¸‐v hc‐p-¯W‐w, C§-s‐\t‐b
s‐Nb‐vX‐v t‐]‐mb s‐Xä‐n\‐v ]c‐n-l‐mc‐w s‐N¿‐m³ \½‐ps‐S ka‐ql-¯‐n\‐v
Ig‐n-b‐q. t‐Ic-f-¯‐ns‐â X‐mg‐v Øe-§-s‐fÃ‐m‐w
s‐hÅ‐w I‐og-S-¡‐n-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-‐p. h‐nhc h‐n-\‐n-ab D]‐m-[‐n-IÄ
t‐]‐me‐p‐w {‐]hÀ¯\ cl‐n-X-a‐m-I‐p k‐ml-N-c‐y-¯‐n c£‐m-
{‐]-hÀ¯\‐w AX‐oh Z‐pj‐vI-c-a‐m-W‐v. F‐n«‐p‐w ]c‐n-a‐n-X‐n-
IÄ¡-I-¯‐p-\‐n‐v `c-W-k‐w-h‐n-[‐m-\-§Ä DWÀ‐v {‐]
hÀ¯‐n-¡‐pI Xs‐ s‐N¿‐p-‐p-ï‐v. ]s‐£ ^e-{‐]‐m]‐vX‐n
t‐hï{‐X I‐mW‐m-¯X‐v Z‐pc-´-¯‐ns‐â h‐y‐m]‐vX‐n-s‐I‐m-ï‐m-W‐v.
A©‐v e£‐w t‐]s‐c t‐\c‐n«‐p‐w P\-k‐w-J‐y-b‐ps‐S H«‐p-a‐p-¡‐mÂ
`‐mK-t‐¯b‐p‐w ]t‐c‐m-£-a‐mb‐p‐w _‐m[‐n¨ C‐u Z‐pc´‐w Hc‐p
t‐Zi‐ob Z‐pc-´-a‐mb‐n C\‐nb‐p‐w {‐]J‐y‐m-]‐n-¡-s‐¸-«‐n«‐nà A§s‐\
{‐]J‐y‐m-]‐n¨‐v aX‐n-b‐mb k‐m¼-¯‐nI kl‐mb‐w Dd¸‐v hc‐p-
¯‐n-s‐¡mt‐ï Z‐pc‐nX h‐nt‐a‐m-N\ {‐]hÀ¯-\-§Ä I‐pt‐d-s‐b-
¦‐ne‐p‐w \S-¯‐m-\‐m-h‐q. I‐pt‐d-s‐b-¦‐ne‐p‐w F‐v AS‐nh-c-b‐n-«‐ps‐I‐mï‐mW‐v
]d-b‐p-X‐v I‐mcW‐w k‐w`-h‐n¨ Z‐pc-´-¯‐n\‐v
Hc‐p ZiI‐w Ig‐n-ª‐me‐p‐w aX‐n-b‐mb ]c‐n-l‐m-c-a‐m-h‐p-I-b‐n-Ã.
a‐p³]-dª Z‐oÀL-I‐me {‐]k-à‐n-b‐pÅ \‐nba c‐mj‐v{‐S‐ob
X‐oc‐p-a‐m-\-§f‐p‐w I‐qS‐p-X ià‐n-s‐¸-S‐p-¯-s‐¸« AS‐n-b-´‐nc
c£‐m ka‐m-i‐z‐mk {‐]hÀ¯-\-§f‐p‐w \S-¸‐n-e‐m-¡‐m³ t‐I{‐µ
k‐wØ‐m\ kÀ¡‐m-c‐p-If‐p‐w s‐]‐mX‐p-P-\-§f‐p‐w H‐p-I‐qS‐n
H¯‐p-WÀ‐v \‐ot‐§-ï‐n-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-‐p.

t‐Icf¯‐ns‐â Z‐pc´‐w X§f‐ps‐S kt‐l‐mZc§Ä¡‐v
k‐w`h‐n¨ Z‐pc‐nXa‐ms‐W I‐mg‐vN¸‐mt‐S‐ms‐S
kl‐mblk‐vXh‐pa‐mb‐n h‐nh‐n[ k‐wØ‐m\§f‐ns‐e
kÀ¡‐mc‐pIf‐p‐w k‐wLS\If‐p‐w F¯‐nb‐n«‐pï‐v.
\‐m\‐mX‐z¯‐ns‐e GIX‐zs‐a \½‐ps‐S c‐mP‐y¯‐ns‐â
Ic‐p¯‐v D‐u«‐nb‐pd¸‐n¡‐ph‐n[‐w kt‐l‐mZc k‐vt‐\
lt‐¯‐ms‐S \½‐ps‐S Z‐p‐xJ§f‐n ]¦‐pt‐Nc‐pIb‐p‐w
t‐\c‐n«‐v h‐v kl‐mb§Ä \ÂI‐pIb‐p‐ws‐Nb‐vX
Bf‐pIf‐pï‐v. Ahs‐cb‐p‐w k‐vt‐\l¯‐ns‐â `‐mjb‐nÂ
A`‐nh‐mZ‐y‐w s‐N¿‐p‐p.
a‐m[‐ya§f‐ps‐S CSs‐]SÂ
C‐u Z‐pc´¯‐ns‐â h‐nh‐n[ hi§s‐f
k‐qN‐n¸‐n¡‐pIb‐p‐w P\§Ä¡‐v Bhi‐ya‐mb
\‐nÀt‐Zi§Ä \ÂI‐p Xc¯‐ne‐p‐w kÀ¡‐mc‐ns‐â
CSs‐]Se‐pIs‐f P\§f‐ns‐e¯‐n¡‐pX‐n\‐p‐w
kl‐mbIa‐mb‐n hÀ¯‐n¨ a‐m[‐ya§f‐pï‐v.
t‐Icf¯‐n\I¯‐p‐w ]‐pd¯‐pa‐pÅ C‐u
a‐m[‐ya§f‐ps‐S kl‐mbs‐¯ \µ‐nt‐b‐ms‐S kÀ¡‐mÀ
k‐vac‐n¡‐p‐p. ]‐p\c[‐nh‐mk {‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐v {‐]
t‐X‐yI‐n¨‐v i‐pN‐nX‐z‐w‐, Bt‐c‐mK‐y‐w F‐o t‐aJeIf‐nÂ
Aht‐_‐m[‐w k‐rã‐n¡‐pX‐n\‐p‐w P\§f‐nÂ
Bßh‐ni‐z‐mk‐w Dï‐m¡‐pX‐n\‐p‐w
a‐m[‐ya§f‐nÂ\‐n‐v Gs‐d kl‐mb‐w kÀ¡‐mÀ {‐]
X‐o£‐n¡‐p‐p.
c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n GÀs‐¸«hÀ\‐m‐w AS‐p¯
I‐mes‐¯‐m‐p‐w A`‐na‐pJ‐oIc‐n¡‐m¯ C¯cs‐a‐mc‐p
Z‐pc´‐w Dï‐mbt‐¸‐mÄ AX‐ns‐\ AX‐nP‐oh‐n¡‐m³
Ig‐nb‐pt‐a‐m F‐v Bi¦s‐¸«hÀ Gs‐db‐mW‐v.
A¯c‐w Bi¦Is‐f AØ‐m\¯‐m¡‐ns‐¡‐mï‐v
\‐mS‐ns‐\ k‐wc£‐n¡‐m³ \a‐p¡‐v Ig‐nª‐p.
C¯cs‐a‐mc‐p k‐mlNc‐y‐w k‐rã‐n¡‐pX‐n\‐v
kl‐mb‐n¨ k‐p{‐][‐m\a‐ms‐b‐mc‐p LSI‐w
a\‐pj‐yk‐vt‐\l¯‐ns‐â DP‐zea‐mb kt‐µi‐w
a\Ê‐n Bh‐ml‐n¨‐v c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐nÂ
CSs‐]« h‐nh‐n[ t‐aJeb‐nÂs‐¸«hc‐mb‐nc‐p‐p.
A¯c‐w {‐]hÀ¯\§f‐n X§s‐f¯s‐
AÀ¸‐n¨‐v ]s‐¦S‐p¯ h‐nh‐n[ t‐k\‐mh‐n`‐mK§f‐nÂs‐¸
«ht‐c‐mS‐p‐w k²{‐]hÀ¯It‐c‐mS‐pa‐pÅ IS¸‐mS‐p‐w
\µ‐nb‐p‐w t‐Icfka‐ql¯‐n\‐pt‐hï‐n
t‐cJs‐¸S‐p¯‐p‐p.
c‐m]Ie‐nÃ‐ms‐X c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\‐w Gt‐I‐m]‐n¸‐n¨--‐v
h‐nh‐n[ Xe§f‐n {‐]hÀ¯‐n¨ kÀ¡‐mÀ
P‐oh\¡‐mc‐pï‐v. dh\‐y‐q‐, s‐]‐me‐ok‐v‐, ^bÀt‐^‐mg‐vk‐v‐,
s‐s‐hZ‐y‐pX‐n t‐_‐mÀU‐v‐, h‐m«À At‐X‐md‐nä‐n‐, Bt‐c‐mK‐y‐w
X‐pS§‐nb Ht‐«s‐d hI‐p¸‐pIf‐ns‐e kl{‐]
hÀ¯Ic‐pï‐v. Ahs‐c \µ‐nt‐b‐ms‐S k‐vac‐n¡‐p‐p.
Xt‐±ik‐zb‐w`cW Ø‐m]\§Ä C‐u Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk
{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n \à \‐neb‐n P\§f‐pa‐mb‐n
CSs‐]«‐v Ahc‐ps‐S Bi¦IÄ AIä‐n a‐p³\‐ncb‐nÂ
¯s‐ Dï‐mb‐nc‐p‐p. C\‐nb‐pt‐as‐d
C´y³-{Sq¯v |4
D¯ch‐mZ‐n¯§Ä a‐p¼‐ne‐pÅ Chc‐ps‐S {‐]
hÀ¯\§f‐p‐w h‐neaX‐n¡‐m\‐mI‐m¯ H‐mb‐mW‐v
kÀ¡‐mÀ I‐mW‐pX‐v.
h‐nh‐n[ {‐]t‐Zi§f‐nÂ
P\§Äs‐¡‐m¸‐w\‐n‐ps‐I‐mï‐v CSs‐]« `cW{‐]
X‐n]£ F‐wFÂFa‐mc‐p‐w c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐v
he‐nb kl‐mba‐mW‐v \ÂI‐nbX‐v. h‐nh‐n[
t‐aJeb‐ns‐e {‐]i‐v\§Ä kÀ¡‐mc‐ns‐â
{‐i²b‐nÂs‐¸S‐p¯‐pX‐n\‐p‐w ChÀ hl‐n¨ ]¦‐v
he‐pX‐mW‐v.
h‐nh‐n[ Ø‐m]\§f‐ps‐S kl‐mb‐w
Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk {‐]hÀ¯\§f‐pa‐mb‐n klIc‐n¨
h‐nh‐n[ Ø‐m]\§s‐f kÀ¡‐mÀ C‐u Ahkc¯‐nÂ
H‐mÀ¡‐p‐p. a‐n\‐na‐w _‐me³k‐v Hg‐nh‐m¡‐n _‐m¦‐pIÄ
CX‐pa‐mb‐n klIc‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v. s‐a‐ms‐s‐_Â
kÀh‐ok‐pIÄ \ÂI‐p I¼\‐nIÄ CX‐pa‐mb‐n
klIc‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v. AhÀ¡‐pÅ \µ‐nb‐p‐w
t‐cJs‐¸S‐p¯s‐«.
kl‐mb‐n¨hs‐c X‐nc‐ns‐¨¯‐n¡Â
Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk {‐]hÀ¯\§f‐n he‐nb
kl‐mba‐mW‐v aÕ‐y_Ô\ t‐_‐m«‐pIf‐p‐w
aÕ‐ys‐¯‐mg‐ne‐mf‐nIf‐p‐w \ÂI‐nb‐n«‐pÅX‐v.
t‐_‐m«‐pSaIf‐p‐w s‐]‐mX‐ps‐h \Ã\‐neb‐nÂ
klIc‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v. t‐_‐m«‐n\‐v CÔ\t‐¯‐ms‐S‐m¸‐w
Xs‐ Z‐nhk‐w 3000 c‐q] h¨‐v \ÂIWs‐a
\‐nÀt‐Zih‐p‐w \ÂI‐nb‐n«‐pï‐v. c£‐m {‐]
hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐nSb‐n XIÀ‐pt‐]‐mb
t‐_‐m«‐pIf‐pa‐pï‐v. Ahb‐ps‐S t‐IS‐p]‐mS‐pIÄ kÀ¡‐mÀ
t‐aÂt‐\‐m«¯‐n¯s‐ X‐oÀ¯‐ps‐I‐mS‐p¡‐m³
\‐nÀt‐Zi‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v. Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk{‐]t‐Zi¯‐v c£‐m{‐]
hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐mb‐n F§s‐\b‐mt‐W‐m t‐_‐m«‐pIÄ
F¯‐n¨X‐v At‐X Xc¯‐n¯s‐ AX‐v
aS¡‐ns‐b¯‐n¡Ws‐a \‐nÀt‐Zih‐p‐w \
ÂI‐nb‐n«‐pï‐v.
t‐k\‐mh‐n`‐mK§Ä \½‐ps‐S c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n\‐v
\ÂI‐nb kl‐mb‐w h‐neaX‐n¡‐m\‐mI‐m¯X‐mW‐v.
c£‐mZ‐uX‐y‐w ]‐qÀ¯‐nb‐m¡‐n aS§‐p C‐u
h‐n`‐mK§Ä¡‐v k‐wØ‐m\¯‐ns‐â
BX‐nt‐Ybac‐y‐mZb‐p‐w k‐wk-‐vI‐mch‐p‐w
DbÀ¯‐n¸‐nS‐n¡‐ph‐n[‐w b‐m{‐Xbb¸‐v \ÂI‐m\‐p‐w
kÀ¡‐mÀ X‐oc‐pa‐m\‐n¡‐p‐pï‐v. C‐u Z‐pc´¯‐nÂ
Gs‐d k‐mt‐¦X‐nIkl‐mb§f‐ps‐S
]‐n´‐pWb‐nÃ‐mX‐nc‐p‐n«‐p‐w X§f‐ps‐S A\‐p`hh‐p‐w
a\‐pj‐yk‐vt‐\lh‐p‐w Ic‐p¯‐m¡‐ns‐¡‐mï‐v CSs‐]«
aÕ‐ys‐¯‐mg‐ne‐mf‐nIÄ¡‐v AXX‐v {‐]t‐Zi§f‐nÂ
Xt‐±ik‐zb‐w`cW Ø‐m]\§f‐ps‐S t‐\X‐rX‐z¯‐nÂ
k‐z‐oIcW‐w \ÂI‐p‐w.
A\‐mi‐mk‐y{‐]hWXIs‐f t‐\c‐nS‐p‐w
Z‐pc´¯‐n\‐nSb‐n s‐Xä‐mb N‐ne {‐]hWXIf‐p‐w
DbÀ‐ph‐n«‐pï‐v. Ahs‐b iàa‐mb‐n¯s‐
kÀ¡‐mÀ t‐\c‐nS‐p‐w. `£‐yhk‐vX‐p¡Ä¡‐pÄs‐¸s‐S
h³ t‐X‐mX‐n h‐ne Ibä‐n h‐n¡‐m\‐pÅ {‐ia§Ä
Ahk‐m\‐n¸‐n¡‐p \S]S‐n kÀ¡‐mÀ k‐z‐oIc‐n¡‐p‐w.
P‐oh³ \ãs‐¸«hÀ¡‐v A\‐pt‐i‐mN\‐w
ka‐m\XIf‐nÃ‐m¯ C‐u {‐]fbs‐¡S‐pX‐ns‐b
AX‐nP‐oh‐n¡‐pX‐n\‐pÅ {‐]hÀ¯\¯‐ns‐e Hc‐p
L«a‐mW‐v h‐nPbIca‐mb‐n ]‐qÀ¯‐nb‐m¡‐m\‐mbX‐v.
C‐u s‐IS‐pX‐nb‐n P‐oh³ \ãs‐¸«hc‐ps‐S
BIk‐va‐nIa‐mb h‐nt‐b‐mK¯‐n A\‐pt‐i‐mN\h‐p‐w
Z‐p‐xJh‐p‐w t‐cJs‐¸S‐p¯‐p‐p. kt‐l‐mZc§s‐f
c£s‐¸S‐p¯‐pX‐n\‐mb‐n CSs‐]«‐v k‐z´‐w P‐oh³
_e‐nbÀ¸‐nt‐¡ï‐nhhc‐pa‐pï‐v. k‐z´‐w
P‐oht‐\¡‐mÄ klP‐oh‐nIf‐ps‐S P‐oh\‐v {‐]‐m[‐m\‐y‐w
\ÂI‐ns‐¡‐mï‐v CSs‐]« Chc‐ps‐S DXa‐mb
a\‐pj‐yk‐vt‐\ls‐¯ BZct‐h‐ms‐S kÀ¡‐mÀ
I‐mW‐p‐p.
AS‐p¯ L«h‐p‐w h‐nPbIca‐mb‐n
]‐qÀ¯‐nb‐m¡W‐w
{‐]fbs‐¡S‐pX‐nb‐ps‐S Hc‐p L«a‐mW‐v
e£‐y¯‐nt‐es‐¡¯‐nb‐n«‐pÅX‐v. Z‐pc‐nX_‐m[‐nXs‐c
k‐m[‐mcW P‐oh‐nX¯‐nt‐e¡‐v X‐nc‐n¨‐ps‐I‐mï‐phc‐nI
F Gs‐d `‐mc‐n¨ D¯ch‐mZ‐n¯‐w
kÀ¡‐mc‐n\‐pa‐p‐ne‐pï‐v F t‐_‐m[‐ya‐pï‐v. B
D¯ch‐mZ‐n¯h‐p‐w \a‐p¡‐v \‐ndt‐hä‐m\‐mIW‐w.
c£‐m{‐]hÀ¯\¯‐n I‐mW‐n¨ Hc‐pab‐p‐w
t‐b‐mP‐n¸‐p‐w I‐q«‐mb‐vab‐p‐w C¡‐mc‐y¯‐ne‐p‐w \a‐p¡‐v
\‐ne\‐nÀ¯‐m\‐mIW‐w. h‐nh‐n[ t‐aJeIf‐nÂ\‐n‐v
]‐p\c[‐nh‐mk {‐]hÀ¯\§Ä¡‐mb‐n kl‐mb§Ä
e`‐ya‐mI‐p‐pï‐v. F{‐X kl‐mb§Ä e`‐n¨‐me‐p‐w
A[‐nIa‐mI‐nà F Ø‐nX‐nb‐mW‐v \‐neh‐ne‐pÅX‐v.
AX‐ps‐I‐mï‐v FÃ‐m kl‐mbs‐¯b‐p‐w kÀ¡‐mÀ
k‐z‐mKX‐ws‐N¿‐pIb‐mW‐v. k‐wØ‐m\¯‐n\‐v
]‐pd¯‐p\‐n‐pÅ kl‐mb§Ä a‐pJ‐ya{‐´‐nb‐ps‐S
Z‐pc‐nX‐mi‐z‐mk \‐n[‐nb‐nt‐e¡‐v k‐w`‐mh\ F
\‐neb‐nt‐e¡‐v Ab¡‐pX‐mb‐nc‐n¡‐p‐w k‐uIc‐y{‐]Z‐w.
aä‐p k‐wØ‐m\§f‐nÂ\‐n‐v e`‐n¡‐p k‐m[\§Ä
t‐Zi‐ob Z‐pc´\‐nh‐mcW At‐X‐md‐nä‐nb‐mW‐v
t‐{‐I‐mU‐oIc‐n¡‐pX‐v. AhÀ \‐nÀt‐Zi‐n¡‐p
Xc¯‐ne‐pÅ k‐m[\§f‐mW‐v e`‐ya‐mt‐¡ïX‐v.
\‐m‐w a‐mX‐rIb‐mIW‐w
t‐e‐mI‐w a‐pg‐ph³ C‐u Z‐pc´s‐¯ {‐i²‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v.
Z‐pc´§f‐ns‐e {‐]X‐nkÔ‐nIs‐f ad‐nIS‐v a‐mX‐rI‐m]
ca‐mb c‐oX‐nb‐n Db‐nÀs‐¯g‐pt‐ä P\X F
A`‐na‐m\t‐¯‐ms‐S \a‐p¡‐v a‐pt‐dW‐w. \ÂI‐nb
kl‐mb§Ä X‐pSÀ‐p‐w Dï‐mb‐m X‐oÀ¨b‐mb‐p‐w
\a‐p¡‐v AX‐v Ig‐nb‐pIXs‐ s‐N¿‐p‐w. B {‐]
hÀ¯\§s‐f I‐q«‐nt‐b‐mP‐n¸‐n¨--‐v kÀ¡‐mÀ
a‐p³]´‐nb‐n¯s‐ Dï‐mI‐ps‐a‐v Dd¸‐v \
ÂI‐p‐p.

{‐]f-b-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐n-¡‐v
]‐pd-s‐I s‐]-b‐v-X‐n-d-§‐p-
B-t‐c‐m-K‐y-{‐]-iv\§Ä
X‐n
-I¨‐p‐w A-{‐]-X‐o-£‐n-X-a‐m-b‐n X-IÀ-¯‐v s‐]
b‐v-X a-g-b‐n-e‐p‐w‐, D-c‐pÄ-s‐]‐m-«-e‐n-e‐p‐w‐, s‐h-Ås‐¸‐m-¡-¯‐ne‐p‐w
t‐I-c-f P-\-X kÀ-Æh‐p‐w \-ã-s‐¸-«‐v
h‐n-d-§-e‐n-¨‐v \‐nÂ-¡‐p- I‐m-g‐v-N-b‐m-s‐W-§‐p‐w. Z‐p-c‐n-X‐mi‐z‐m-k
I‐y‐m-¼‐p-I-f‐ne‐p‐w C-S‐n-ª‐p-h‐o-g‐md‐m-b s‐I-«‐n-S-
§-f‐ne‐p‐w D-ä-h-t‐cb‐p‐w D-Sb-h-t‐cb‐p‐w a‐m-t‐d‐m-S‐v
t‐NÀ-¯‐v {‐]-I‐r-X‐n-b‐p-s‐S I-\‐n-h‐n-\‐m-b‐n {‐]‐mÀ-°‐n-¡‐p-
I-b‐m-W‐v ]-e-c‐p‐w. a-g-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐n-b‐n \‐n‐p‐w P-\-P‐oh‐n-X‐w
k‐m-[‐m-c-W K-X‐n-b‐n-e‐m-I‐m³ a‐m-k-§Ä
]‐n-S‐n-¡‐p‐w. FÃ‐m‐w X-IÀ--S‐n-ª a-®‐n \‐n‐p‐w
P‐o-h‐n-X‐w s‐I-«‐n-¸-S‐p-¡‐p-I A-{‐X F-f‐p-¸aÃ. a-g
\‐n-‐m Z‐p-c‐n-X-§Ä a‐m-d‐n F-‐v I-c‐p-X‐m-³ h-¿.
a-g-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐n-IÄ-¡‐v ]‐nd-t‐I P‐oh-\‐v `‐o-j-W‐n-b‐m-b‐n
]-eX-c‐w B-t‐c‐m-K‐y-{‐]-i‐v-\-§Ä X-e-s‐]‐m-¡‐p‐w.
P-e-P\‐y-t‐c‐m-K§Ä‐, s‐I‐m-X‐p-IP-\‐y t‐c‐m-K§Ä‐,
i‐z‐m-k-t‐I‐m-i k‐w-_-Ôa‐mb t‐c‐m-K§Ä‐, X‐z-¡‐v
t‐c‐m-K-§Ä‐, ]‐m-¼‐p-IS‐n‐, s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐p-X‐m-]-I-S-§Ä
A§-s‐\ ]-eX‐p‐w s‐]-b‐v-X‐n-d-§‐p‐w.
I-c‐p-X-t‐e‐m-S‐n-c‐p-‐n-s‐Ã-¦‐n h‐n-e-s‐¸-« ]-e-P‐o-h-\‐p-
If‐p‐w \-a‐p-¡‐v \-ã-a‐m-t‐b-¡‐m‐w. {‐]-f-b-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐n-b-\‐p-
`-h-s‐¸-« {‐]-t‐Z-i-§Ä a‐m-{‐X-aà a-ä‐v {‐]-t‐Z-i-§-f‐nt‐e¡‐p‐w
C‐u B-t‐c‐m-K‐y-{‐]-i‐v-\-§Ä F-¯‐n-t‐¨-c‐p‐w.
I‐p-¯‐n-s‐b‐m-g‐p-I‐p- s‐h-Å-¯‐n h‐n-kÀ-Ö‐y§Ä‐,
a-ä‐v a‐m-e‐n-\‐y§Â‐, ]-g-§-f‐ne‐p‐w h‐n-f-b‐n-S-§-f‐ne‐p‐w
D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¨X‐p‐w k‐q-£‐n-¨-X‐pa‐m-b I‐o-S-\‐m-i‐n-\‐nIÄ‐,
h-f§Ä‐, s‐I-«‐n-S‐m-h-i‐n-ã-§Ä ^‐m-Î-d‐n-I-f‐nÂ-\‐n-‐pa‐p-Å
]-eX-c‐w c‐m-k-]-Z‐mÀ-°§Ä‐, ]-eX-c‐w
t‐c‐m-K-§Ä ]-c-¯‐m³ I-g‐n-h‐p-Å _‐m-Î‐oc‐nb
t‐]‐m-e‐p-Å k‐q-£‐v-a-P‐o-h‐n-IÄ A§-s‐\ ]-eX‐p‐w
I-eÀ-‐n-c‐n-¡‐p‐w. AX‐p-s‐I‐m-ï‐p X-s‐ {‐]-f-bP-e‐w
s‐s‐I-I‐mc‐y‐w s‐N-¿‐p-t‐¼‐mÄ P‐m{‐K-X B-h-i‐y-a‐mW‐v.
C‐u P-e-¯‐n I‐p-f‐n-¡‐p--X‐p‐w‐, I-f‐n-¡‐p-X‐p‐w
]-eX-c‐w X‐z-¡‐v t‐c‐m-K-§Ä¡‐p‐w ]-IÀ-¨-h‐y‐m-[‐n-
IÄ¡‐p‐w I‐m-c-W-a‐m-t‐b-¡‐m‐w. {‐]-f-b-¯‐n-\‐v t‐i-j‐w
{‐i-²‐n-t‐¡-ï I‐m-c‐y-§Ä
s‐I‐m-X‐p-I‐p-P\‐y-t‐c‐m-K§Ä
s‐h-Å-¯‐n H-e‐n¨‐p-t‐]‐m-b J-c-a‐m-e‐n-\‐y§Ä‐,
¹‐m-Ì‐n-I‐v t‐h-Ì‐p-IÄ a‐p-X-e‐m-b-h-b‐ne‐p‐w a-c-§-f‐ns‐e
s‐]‐m-¯‐p-IÄ a‐p-X-e‐m-b-h-b‐ne‐p‐w X-§‐n-\‐nÂ-
¡‐p- P-e‐w s‐I‐m-X‐p-I‐p-IÄ s‐]-c‐p-I‐p--X‐n-\‐v
I‐m-c-W-a‐m-I‐p‐w. {‐It‐a-W U-¦‐n-¸\‐n‐, N‐n-¡‐p³-K‐p-
\‐n-b‐, a-t‐ed‐n-b a‐p-Xe‐mb t‐c‐m-K-§Ä ]-SÀ-‐v
]‐n-S‐n-b‐v-¡‐m‐w. B-t‐c‐m-K‐y-h-I‐p-¸‐p‐w‐, k--²-k‐w-L-
S-\-I-f‐p‐w‐, s‐d-k‐n-U³-j‐y A-t‐k‐m-k‐n-t‐bj³k‐v‐,
F³.k‐n.k‐n. t‐I‐mf-P‐v k‐w-L-S-\IÄ‐,
h‐nh‐n-[ ]‐mÀ-«‐n {‐]-hÀ-¯-IÀ X‐p-S-§‐n-b-hÀ
s‐s‐I-t‐I‐mÀ-¯‐v b‐p-²-I‐m-e‐m-S‐n-Ø‐m-\-¯‐nÂ
]-c‐n-k-c i‐p-N‐o-I-c-W-¯‐n GÀ-s‐¸-«‐mÂ‐,
D-ï‐m-I‐m³ k‐m-[‐y-X-b‐p-Å C¯-c‐w A-X‐y‐m-l‐n-
X-§Ä H-c‐p ]-c‐n-[‐n h-s‐c-s‐b-¦‐ne‐p‐w \‐n-b-{‐´-Wh‐n-t‐[-b-a‐m-¡‐m‐w.
`-£‐y-`{‐Z-X
{‐]-f-bP-e‐w h‐n-kÀ-P‐y§Ä‐, s‐I-a‐n-¡-e‐p-IÄ‐,
A-W‐p-¡Ä a‐p-X-e‐m-b-h I-eÀ--X‐mW‐v. A‐n-X-\‐mÂ
C-X‐v I‐p-f‐n-¡‐p-X‐n-t‐\‐m‐, ]‐m-N-I¯‐n-t‐\‐m‐, h‐m-b‐v
I-g‐p-I‐p-X‐n-t‐\‐m D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡-c‐pX‐v.
N‐m¡‐v‐, I‐mÀU‐v-t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v s‐]-«‐nIÄ‐, ¹‐m-Ì‐n-I‐v
s‐]-«‐n-IÄ X‐p-S-§‐n-b-h-b‐n k‐q-£‐n-¨ `-£‐y-h-k‐v-X‐p-
¡Ä {‐]-f-b s‐h-Å-¯‐n I‐p-X‐nÀ-‐m ]‐n-s‐
A-h `-£‐y-B-h-i‐y-§Ä-¡‐v D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡-c‐pX‐v.
a-g-I‐mc-W‐w ]-e-b‐n-S-§-f‐ne‐p‐w Z‐n-hk-§-t‐f‐m-f‐w
s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐p-X‐n h‐n-t‐Ñ-Z‐n-¡-s‐¸-«‐n-c‐n-¡‐m‐w. A¯-c‐w
Ø‐m-]-\-§-f‐n {‐^‐n-U‐v-P‐p-I-f‐ne‐p‐w {‐^‐o-k-d‐n-If‐ne‐p‐w
k‐q-£‐n-¨ `-£‐y-h-k‐v-X‐p-¡Ä D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡‐p-
It‐b‐m h‐n-Â-¡‐p-It‐b‐m s‐N-¿-c‐pX‐v.
{‐]-f-bP-e‐w I-eÀ-t‐X‐m \‐nd-ª‐v I-h‐n-ªt‐X‐m
B-b P-e t‐{‐k‐m-X-Ê‐p-I-f‐n \‐n‐p‐w P-e‐w I‐p-S‐n-
¡‐m³ D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡-‐m-X‐n-c‐n-¡‐pI.
I‐p-S‐n-s‐h-Å‐w I‐p-dª-X‐v a‐q-‐v-a‐n-\‐n-s‐ä-¦‐ne‐p‐w
X‐n-f-¸‐n-¨-X‐n-\‐p-t‐i-j‐w X-W‐p-¸‐n-¨‐m-ä‐n a‐m{‐X‐w I‐p-S‐n-
¡‐p-I. h‐r-¯‐n-b‐p-Å ]‐m-{‐X-§-f‐n _‐m-¡‐n-s‐h-Å‐w
A-S-¨‐p-k‐q-£‐n-¡‐m\‐p‐w {‐i-²‐n-¡‐pI.
`-£‐y-h-k‐v-X‐p-¡Ä H‐p‐w X-s‐ X‐pd-‐v s‐h-b‐v-¡-
c‐pX‐v. a-g-b‐v-¡‐v-t‐ij‐w C‐u-¨‐, I‐q-d‐, ]‐m-ä a‐p-Xe‐m-b
£‐p-{‐Z-P‐o-h‐n-I-f‐p-s‐S F®¯‐n K-W‐ya‐m-b hÀ-[-\-
h‐p-ïm-I‐p‐w. C-X‐v A-X‐n-k‐mc‐w‐, s‐s‐S-t‐^‐m-b‐nU‐v‐,
a-ª-¸‐n-¯‐w t‐]‐m-e‐pÅ t‐c‐m-K-§Ä ]-S-c‐p--X‐n-\‐v
I‐m-c-W-a‐m-I‐p‐w.
P- ´‐p-P\‐y-t‐c‐m-K§Ä
P-´‐p-¡-f‐n \‐n-‐p‐w a-\‐p-j‐y-c‐n-t‐e-¡‐v ]-S-c‐p
t‐c‐m-K-§-f‐m-W‐n-h. \‐n-] h‐n-X-¨ `‐o-X‐n-b‐n \‐n‐p‐w
C-\‐nb‐p‐w t‐I-c-fP-\-X ]‐qÀ-® h‐n-a‐p-à‐n t‐\-S‐n-b‐n-
«‐nÃ. {‐]-f-b-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐n-IÄ-s‐¡‐m-¸‐w t‐NÀ-¯‐p h‐m-b‐nt‐¡-ï
H-c‐p P-´‐p-P\‐y-t‐c‐m-K-a‐m-W‐v F-e‐n¸-\‐n
AY-h‐m s‐e]‐v-t‐S‐mk‐v-s‐s‐]-t‐d‐m-k‐nU‐v. a-g-s‐¡-S‐p-X‐nb‐nÂ
X-IÀ- h‐o-S‐p-If‐p‐w aä‐p‐w F-e‐n-IÄ-¡‐n-\‐n
]-d‐p-Z‐o-k-b‐m-b‐n a‐m-d‐p‐w. I‐q-S‐m-s‐X \‐m-i‐w k‐w-`-h‐n-¨
`-£‐y-h-k‐v-X‐p-¡Ä A-h-b‐v-¡‐v B-l‐m-c-h‐p‐w. H-c‐p
s‐]¬F-e‐n H-c‐p hÀ-j‐w s‐I‐m-ï‐v P-·w \Â-I‐p-X‐v
G-I-t‐Z-i‐w 100 I‐p-ª‐p-§Ä-¡‐mW‐v. F-e‐n-I-f‐n-e‐qs‐Sb‐p‐w
a-ä‐v h-fÀ-¯‐p-a‐r-K-§-f‐n-e‐q-s‐Sb‐p‐w F-e‐n¸-\‐n
a-\‐p-j‐y-c‐n-t‐e-¡‐v ]-S-c‐m‐w. t‐c‐m-K‐w a‐qÀ-Ñ‐n-¨‐mÂ
N‐n-e-t‐¸‐mÄ ac-W‐w t‐]‐me‐p‐w k‐w-`-h‐n-¡‐m‐w. s‐I-«‐n-
\‐nÂ-¡‐p- s‐h-Å-¯‐n I-f‐n-¡‐m-X‐n-c‐n-¡‐pI.
H‐m-S-IÄ h‐r-¯‐n-b‐m-¡‐p--hÀ ‐, s‐h-Å-¯-‐n t‐P‐m-e‐n
s‐N-¿‐p-hÀ‐, k‐w-c-£-Ia‐m-b s‐s‐I-¿‐p-d-I-f‐p‐w‐,
I‐m-e‐p-d-I-f‐p‐w [-c‐n-b‐v-¡‐p-I‐, I-S‐p-¯-]\‐n‐, X-e-t‐hZ-\‐,
I-®‐n-\‐v N‐p-h¸‐v‐, t‐]-i‐n-t‐hZ-\‐, a-ª-¸‐n-¯‐w
a‐p-Xe‐m-b e-£-W-§Ä I-ï‐m D-S\-S‐n h‐n-ZK‐v-[
N‐n-I‐n-Õ t‐X-S‐n-b‐m t‐c‐m-K‐w t‐`-Z-a‐m-¡‐m‐w. `-£‐y-a‐me‐n-\‐y-§Ä
h-e‐n-s‐¨-d‐n-b‐m-s‐X t‐h-ï-h‐n-[-¯‐nÂ
k‐w-k‐v-I-c‐n-¨‐p‐w‐, F-e‐n-\‐n-b{‐´-W a‐mÀ-¤-§Ä
A-h-e‐w-_‐n-¨‐p‐w‐, {‐]X‐n-t‐c‐m-[-a‐mÀ-¤-§Ä k‐z‐o-I-c‐n¨‐p‐w
t‐c‐m-K‐w {‐]X‐n-t‐c‐m-[‐n-¡‐m‐w.
tUm. F-kv.sI. kp-tc-jv Ip-amÀ M.D.
Secretary, Medical Education
& Research Group, Calicut
Work in: IQRAA Hospital, Calicut
h‐n-j_‐m-[
I‐m-S‐p-I-f‐n \‐n‐p‐w a-e-I-f‐n \‐n‐p‐w
I‐p¯‐n-s‐b‐m-g‐pI‐n-b s‐h-Å-¯‐nÂ-s‐¸«‐v‐,
]‐m-¼‐pIÄ‐, t‐X-f‐pIÄ‐, ]-g‐p-X‐m-c
(I-c‐n-¦®‐n‐) a‐p-Xe‐m-b ]-e h‐n-j-P-´‐p-
¡f‐p‐w \‐m-«‐n-s‐e-¯‐n-b‐n-«‐p-ï‐m-I‐p‐w.
{‐]-f-b a‐m-e‐n-\‐y-§Ä s‐s‐I-I‐mc‐y‐w
s‐N-¿‐p-t‐¼‐m-g‐p‐w‐, s‐I-«‐n-S‐m-h-i‐n-ã-§Ä
\‐o-¡‐w s‐N-¿‐p-t‐¼‐m-g‐p‐w‐, s‐h-Å‐w
s‐I-«‐n-\‐n- h‐o-S‐p-I-f‐n {‐]-t‐h-i‐n-¡‐pt‐¼‐mh‐p‐w
AX‐o-h P‐m{‐K-X ]‐p-eÀ-
¯W‐w. ]‐m-¼‐p-I-S‐n-t‐b-ä‐m s‐N-t‐¿-ï
{‐]-Y-a-i‐p-{‐i‐p-{‐i‐q-j-s‐b-¸-ä‐nb‐p‐w
i-c‐nb‐m-b A-h-t‐_‐m-[‐w t‐h-W‐w.
s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐p-X k‐p-c-£
a-c§Ä‐, s‐I-«‐n-S§Ä‐, s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐pX
t‐]‐m-k‐v-ä‐p-IÄ a‐p-X-e‐m-b-h h‐o-W‐v
s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐p-X t‐{‐]-j-W-i‐r‐w-J-e-IÄ
s‐]‐m-«‐n-b‐p‐w‐, s‐h-ÅwI-bd‐n-b h‐o-S‐p-I-f‐ns‐e
S‐n.h‐n.‐, {‐^‐n-U‐vP‐v‐, a‐n-I‐vk‐n‐,
A-t‐b¬ t‐_‐m-I‐v-k‐v X‐p-S§‐n-b
D-]-I-c-W-§-f‐n-e‐q-s‐Sb‐p‐w s‐s‐h-Z‐y‐p-X‐m-]-
I-S-§Â k‐w-`-h‐n-¡‐m‐w. t‐hï-{‐X
k‐pc-£‐m a‐mÀ-¤-§Ä A-h-e‐w-_‐n-¨‐n-«‐ns‐Ã-¦‐nÂ
h‐o-g‐v-N‐, s‐]‐mÅÂ‐, X‐o-]‐n-S‐n-
¯‐w X‐pS-§‐n P‐o-h-l‐m-\‐n t‐]‐me‐p‐w
k‐w-`-h‐n-¡‐m‐w. X-I-c‐m-d‐ne‐m-b h-bd‐pIÄ‐,
k‐z‐n-¨‐pIÄ‐, ¹-¤‐pIÄ‐, a-ä‐v
t‐IS‐m-b D-]-I-c-W-§Ä X‐p-S-§‐n-b-h
t‐I-S‐p-]‐m-S‐p-IÄ X‐oÀ--X‐n-\‐p-t‐i-j‐w
a‐m{‐X‐w D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡‐m‐w.
a‐m-\k‐n-I k-½À-±§Ä
t‐]-a‐mc‐n‐, D-c‐pÄ-s‐]‐m-«Â‐, s‐h-Å-s‐¸‐m-
¡‐w t‐]‐m-e‐p-Å {‐]-I‐r-X‐n-Z‐p-c-´-§Â
t‐\-c‐n-t‐S-ï‐n h-hÀ‐, k‐z-´-¡‐m-c‐p‐w‐,
h-k‐v-X‐p-¡f‐p‐w \-ã-s‐¸-«hÀ‐, A]-I-S
a-c-W-§f‐p‐w aä‐p‐w t‐\-c‐n-«‐v I‐m-t‐W-ï‐n
h--hÀ a‐p-X-e‐m-b-h-c‐n hÀj-§-t‐f‐mf‐w
\‐o-ï‐p-\‐n¡‐m-h‐p- a‐m-\k‐n-I
k-½À-±§Â‐, `‐o-X‐n‐, h‐n-j‐m-Z‐w a‐p-
Xe‐mb t‐c‐m-K-§Ä I-t‐ï-¡‐m‐w.
t‐hï-{‐X ]‐p-\-c-[‐nh‐m-k k‐w-c‐w-`-§Ä
G-À-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n-b‐p‐w‐, t‐h-W-s‐a-¦‐nÂ
s‐s‐h-Z‐y-k-l‐m-b‐w \Â-I‐nb‐p‐w C-¯-c-
¡‐m-s‐c a‐p-J‐y-[‐m-c-b‐n-s‐e-¯‐n-b‐v-¡‐m‐w.
C¯-c‐w {‐]-I‐r-X‐n-Z‐p-c-´-§Ä I‐p-«‐n-If‐nÂ
]T-\-s‐s‐h-I-e‐y-§Ä-¡‐v t‐]‐me‐p‐w
I‐m-c-W-a‐m-t‐b-¡‐m‐w.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |5

-c-f-¯‐ns‐e‐, {‐]-t‐X‐y-I‐n-¨‐v a-e-_‐m-d‐n-
t‐£-{‐X§-s‐f k‐w-c-£‐n-¡‐p-h‐m-
t‐Is‐e
\‐p‐w‐, s‐s‐Z-\‐w Z‐n-\ I‐m-c‐y-§Ä t‐\‐m-¡‐n \-S¯‐ph‐m\‐p‐w
t‐h-ï‐n c‐q-]‐o-I-c‐n-¨ k-a‐n-X‐n-b‐m-W‐v
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀU‐v. `-à-P-\-§-f‐p-s‐S k‐u-Ic‐y-§Ä
hÀ-[‐n-¸‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐nÂ
\-h‐oI-c-W {‐]-hÀ¯-\‐w \-S-¯n Ah-s‐b
]‐p-\-c‐p-²-c‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w D-Å {‐]-hÀ-¯-\-§-Ä
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v \-S-¯‐p‐p. t‐£-{‐X-I-eIs‐f
k‐w-c-£‐n-¨‐p \‐nÀ-¯‐p-h‐m-\‐p‐w‐, \‐q-ä‐m-ï‐p-IÄ
]-g-¡-a‐p-Å B-N‐m-c‐m-\‐p-j‐vT‐m-\§-s‐f \‐n-e-\‐nÀ-
¯‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐h-ï‐n kÀ-¡‐mÀ k-l‐m-b-t‐¯‐ms‐S
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v {‐]-hÀ-¯‐n-¡‐p‐p.
kÀ-¡‐m-c‐n \‐n‐p‐w _-U‐v-P-ä‐n-e‐q-s‐S A-\‐p-h-Z‐n-
¡‐p- {‐K‐m³-U‐m-W‐v t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐n-s‐â
h-c‐pa‐m-\ a‐mÀK‐w. C-X‐n-e‐q-s‐S t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐n-s‐e
s‐s‐Z-\‐wZ‐n-\ s‐N-e-h‐p-IÄ h-l‐n-¡‐n-Ib‐p‐w
t‐£-{‐X P‐o-h-\-¡‐mÀ-¡‐p-Å {‐]-X‐n-^-e-§Ä
H-s‐¡b‐p‐w s‐I‐m-S‐p-¡‐p-h‐m-\‐p‐w t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-
U‐v a‐p³s‐s‐I F-S‐p-¡‐p-‐p.
t‐I-c-f-¯‐n-s‐e t‐£-{‐X-§Ä FÃmw Xs,
hÀ-j-§-f‐p-s‐S ]-g-¡-a‐p-Å-X‐p‐w‐, B-b‐n-c-¡-W-
¡‐n-\‐v `-à-P-\-§Ä‐, X-§f‐p-sS s‐s‐s‐Z-h
h‐n-i‐z‐m-k‐w \‐n-e-\‐nÀ-¯‐p-h‐m-\‐p‐w t‐£-{‐X§-s‐f
B-{‐i-b‐n-¡‐p‐p. t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐n h‐n-t‐i-j-Z‐n-hk-§-f‐nÂ
{‐]-t‐X‐y-I ]‐q-P-If‐p‐w h-g‐n-]‐m-S‐p-If‐p‐w
D-ï‐m-I‐p‐p. I‐q-S‐m-s‐X h‐m-Àj‐n-I t‐£-{‐X
D-Õ-h-§f‐p‐w B-d‐m«‐p‐w a-t‐l‐m-Õ-h-§f‐p‐w
\-S-¯-s‐¸-S‐p‐p. I‐q-S‐m-s‐X t‐£-{‐X I-eI-s‐f
\‐n-e-\‐nÀ-¯‐n k‐w-c-£‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐£-{‐XI-e‐m
A-¡‐mZ-a‐n D-ï‐m-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-
U‐v a‐p³s‐s‐I F-S‐p-¯‐n-«‐p-ï‐v.
C-§s‐\-s‐b‐ms‐¡‐, a-e-_‐m-d‐n-s‐e l‐n-µ‐p-t‐£-{‐X-
§-f‐p-s‐S \‐n-e-\‐n¸‐v‐, ]‐m-c¼-c‐y t‐Z-h k-¦Â-¸-
§-f‐p-s‐S ]‐p-\-c‐p-²‐mc-W‐w F-‐n-h-b‐v¡‐p‐w
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐n-s‐â `-c-W \‐nÀh-l-W ]-c‐n-
]‐m-e-\-§Ä s‐I‐m-ï‐v I-g‐n-b‐p-‐p. t‐I-c-f
K-h¬-s‐aâ‐n-s‐â I‐o-g‐n-e‐m-W‐v C‐u t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v
{‐]-hÀ-¯‐n-¡‐p-X‐v. B-b‐n-c-¡-W-¡‐n-\‐v h-c‐p-
t‐£-{‐X-P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-c‐p-s‐S B-{‐i-b-a‐m-b‐n a-e-_‐mÀ
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v {‐]-hÀ-¯‐n-¡‐p-I-b‐mW‐v.
N-c‐n{‐X‐w:þ
C-t‐¸‐mÄ \‐n-e-h‐n t‐I-c-f-¯‐n 5 t‐Z-hk‐z‐w
t‐_‐mÀ-U‐p-IÄ D-ï‐v.
1‐) X‐n-c‐p-h‐n-X‐m‐w-I‐qÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v‐,
2‐) s‐I‐m-¨‐n³ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v‐,
3‐) I‐q-SÂ-a‐m-W‐nI‐y‐w t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v‐,
4‐) K‐p-c‐p-h‐m-b‐qÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v‐,
5‐) a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v. 2006s‐e h‐n.
Fk‐v. A-N‐y‐p-X‐m-\µ-s‐â FÂ.U‐n-.F-^‐v
a-{‐´‐n-k-`‐, 2008Â t‐Z-hk‐z‐w h-I‐p-¸‐v a{‐´‐n P‐n.
k‐p-[‐m-Ic-s‐â t‐\-X‐r-X‐z-¯‐n-e‐m-W‐v a-e-_‐mÀ
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v c‐q-]‐o-I-c‐n-¨X‐v. A-X‐p hs‐c
HRCE (Hindu Religion Charitable Endovment)
1951 s‐e a-{‐Z-‐m-k‐v {‐]-h-i‐y-b‐ps‐S HRCC U‐n-¸‐mÀ-
«‐v-s‐aâ‐m-W‐v a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v.
ae_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v
þN-c‐n-{‐Xh‐p‐w hÀ-¯-a‐m-\h‐p‐w
iin-Ip-amÀ t]-cm{¼
tI-c-f-¯nse hn-in-jy a-e-_m-dn-se t£-{X-§-fp-sS \n-e
-\n¸v, h-fÀ-¨, ]p-\-cp-²mc-Ww Fn-h e-£y-an-«v tZ-hkzw
t_mÀ-Uv t\-Xr-Xz-]-cam-b ]-¦p-h-ln-¡pp. C-Xn-\v kÀ-¡mÀ
km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn k-lm-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿pp. t£-{X-§-
fp-sS N-cn-{X-]-camb ss]-Xr-Ihpw ]m-c-¼-cy-hpw \n-e-\nÀ-¯phm\pw
kw-c-£n-¡p-hm\pw th->n-bp-Å `-c-W-]-cam-b
t\-XrXzw a-e-_mÀ tZ-hkzw t_mÀ-Uv h-ln-¡p-p
1951 a-{‐Z‐m-k‐v l‐n-µ‐p a-X [À-½ Ø‐m-]-\
\‐n-b-a‐w A-X‐m-W‐v a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v
B-b-X‐v. 1700þH‐m-f‐w t‐£-{‐X-§Ä D-ï‐v.
7000H‐m-f‐w P‐o-h-\-¡‐mcpw, H‐mt‐c‐m t‐£-{‐Xh‐p‐w
k‐zX-{‐´ `-c-W N‐p-a-X-e-b‐p-Å k‐z-b‐w`-c-W
Ø‐m-]-\-a‐m-W‐n‐v. t‐_‐mÀU‐v‐, h-I‐p-¸‐v N‐p-a-X-eb‐p-ï‐m-b‐n-c‐p-
I‐m-e-s‐¯-t‐¸‐m-s‐e X-s‐
t‐aÂ-t‐\‐m-« N‐pa-X-e a‐m-{‐X-a‐m-W‐v a-e-_‐mÀ
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐n-\‐v C-‐v \‐n-e-h‐n-e‐p-ÅX‐v.
\‐n-e-h‐n t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐p-s‐S `-c-W N‐pa-X-e
t‐£{‐X‐w {‐S-k‐v-ä‐n-a‐mÀ-¡‐mW‐v. t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐p-s‐S
s‐s‐Z-\‐wZ‐n-\ `-cW‐w‐, t‐_‐mÀ-U‐n \‐n-£‐n-]‐v-X-a‐m-
¡‐n \‐n-b-a-\‐nÀ-½‐m-W‐w \-S-¯-W-s‐a-‐m-W‐v
\-½Ä B-h-i‐y-s‐¸-S‐p--X‐v. 1951s‐e HR&CE
h-I‐p-¸‐v I‐m-e-l-c-W-s‐¸-«-X‐mW‐v. A-X‐p D-S-¨‐phÀ-¯‐v
]‐p-X‐n-b a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w \‐nb-a‐w
F-{‐Xb‐p‐w s‐]-s‐«-‐v \-S-¸‐n-e‐m-¡W‐w.
A-¡‐mc‐y‐w C-t‐¸‐mÄ t‐I-c-f kÀ-¡‐m-d‐n-s‐â
kP‐o-h ]-c‐n-K-W-\-b‐n-e‐pï‐v. a-e-_‐m-d‐n-s‐e
t‐£-{‐X§-s‐f _l‐p. I-S-I‐w]-Å‐n k‐p-t‐c-{‐µ³
ABCD, Special F-‐n§-s‐\ 5 t‐{‐K-U‐p-I-f‐m-b‐n
¢‐mk‐n-s‐s‐^-U‐v s‐N-b‐v-X‐v \‐n-b-a-k-`-b‐nÂ
{‐]-J‐y‐m-]‐n-¨‐n-«‐p-ï‐v.
1200e-[‐n-I‐w t‐£-{‐X-§Â k‐n‐,U‐n t‐{‐K-
U‐nÂ-s‐¸-« t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐m-W‐v k‐n‐, U‐n t‐{‐K-
U‐nÂ-s‐¸-« t‐£-{‐X-§Ä¡‐p‐w hÀ-j-¯‐n 15
e-£‐w c‐q-] h-c‐p-a‐m-\-a‐p-Å _‐n t‐{‐K-U‐v t‐£-{‐X-
§Ä¡‐p‐w \‐n-e-h‐n kÀ-¡‐mÀ _-U‐v-P-ä‐n-e‐q-s‐S
A-\‐p-h-Z‐n-¨‐p-X-c‐p- {‐K‐m³-U‐v D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¨‐m-W‐v
i-¼-fh‐p‐w a-ä‐v B-\‐p-I‐q-e‐y-§e‐p‐w \Â-I‐p--X‐v.
5þ‐ma-s‐¯ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐m-W‐v C-t‐¸‐mÄ
\‐n-e-h‐n-e‐p-ÅX‐v. B-Z‐y-t‐¯-X‐v AU‐z. t‐K‐m-]‐m-e-
I‐r-j‐vW-s‐â t‐\-X‐rX‐z‐w‐, c-ï‐m-a-t‐¯-X‐v AU‐z.
N‐m-¯‐p-¡‐p-«‐n t‐\-X‐r-X‐z‐w‐, a‐q-‐m-a-t‐¯-X‐v
s‐I.F. N-{‐µ³ F-I‐v-k‐v F‐w.FÂ.F. t‐\-X‐r-
X‐z‐w. \‐m-e‐m-a-t‐¯-X‐v k-P‐o-h‐v a-t‐d‐m-f‐n-s‐â t‐\-X‐r-
X‐z‐w. A-©‐m-a-t‐¯-X‐v H-.s‐I. h‐m-k‐p-a‐m-j‐n-s‐â
t‐\-X‐r-X‐z‐w.
t‐£{‐X‐w P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-c‐p-s‐S B-t‐c‐m-K‐y-C³-j‐q-d³k‐p‐w‐,
A-]-I-S C³-j‐q-d³k‐p‐w GÀ-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐ph‐m³
I‐m-c‐y-§Ä ]T‐n-¨‐v h‐n-e-b‐n-c‐p-¯‐p-h‐m³
I-½-ä‐n-s‐b \‐n-b-a‐n-¨‐p-I-g‐nª‐p. i-¼-f ]-c‐n-j‐v-
Ic-W‐w \-S-¸‐n-e‐m-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w I-½-ä‐n-s‐b
\‐n-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¨‐v I-g‐n-ª‐p. (]-¯‐p-hÀ-j-a‐m-b‐n
i-¼-f ]-c‐n-j‐v-Ic-W‐w \-S-¸‐n-e‐m-¡‐n-b‐n«‐v‐)
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w a{‐´‐n I-S-I‐w]-Å‐n k‐p-t‐c-{‐µ³ \‐n-b-ak-`-b‐nÂ
{‐]-i‐v-\‐w D--b‐n¨‐p. X‐n-c‐p-h‐n-X‐m‐w-I‐qÀ‐, K‐p-c‐p-h‐mb‐qÀ
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀU‐p-t‐]‐m-s‐e P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-c‐p-s‐S
i¼-f‐w ]-c‐n-j‐v-I-c‐n-¨‐p \-S-¸‐n-e‐m-¡‐p-s‐a-‐v B \‐n-b-a-k-`b‐nÂ
]-d-ª‐n-«‐pï‐v.
t‐£-{‐X-I-e-IÄ k‐w-c-£‐n-¡‐p-h‐m³ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v
a‐p³s‐s‐I F-S‐p-¯‐v t‐£-{‐XI-e‐m A-¡‐mZ-a‐n Ø‐m-]‐n-¨‐n-
«‐pï‐v. a‐p-J-s‐a-g‐p¯‐v‐, h‐m-Z‐y-I-eIÄ‐, t‐£-{‐X-I-e-IÄ
Fnh k‐w-c-£‐n-¡‐pIb‐p‐w t‐{‐]‐m-Õ‐m-l‐n-¸‐n-¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w
s‐N-¿‐p-‐p.
C-§s‐\-s‐b‐m-s‐¡ t‐I-c-f-¯‐ns‐e h‐n-i‐n-j‐y a-e-_‐m-d‐n-s‐e
t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐p-s‐S \‐n-e-\‐n¸‐v‐, h-fÀ-¨‐, ]‐p-\-c‐p-²‐mc-W‐w
F‐n-h e-£‐y-a‐n-«‐v t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v t‐\-X‐r-X‐z-]-ca‐m-b
]-¦‐p-h-l‐n-¡‐p‐p. C-X‐n-\‐v kÀ-¡‐mÀ k‐m-¼-¯‐n-I-a‐m-b‐n
k-l‐m-b‐n-¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w s‐N-¿‐p‐p. t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐p-s‐S N-c‐n-{‐X-]-
ca‐mb s‐s‐]-X‐r-Ih‐p‐w ]‐m-c-¼-c‐y-h‐p‐w \‐n-e-\‐nÀ-¯‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w
k‐w-c-£‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐h-ï‐n-b‐p-Å `-c-W-]-ca‐m-b t‐\-
X‐rX‐z‐w a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v h-l‐n-¡‐p-‐pï‐v.
1951s‐e HR&CE ACT b‐m-s‐X‐m-c‐p a‐m-äh‐p‐w I‐q-S‐m-s‐X-b‐m-W‐v
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v ]‐n-´‐p-S-c‐p--X‐v. 2008Â a-e-_‐mÀ
t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v \‐n-e-h‐n h-s‐-¦‐ne‐p‐w b‐m-s‐X‐mc‐ph‐n-[
I‐m-Xe‐m-b a‐m-ä-h‐p‐w B-Î‐n h-c‐p-¯‐m-s‐Xb‐p‐w
N-«-§Ä D-ï‐m-¡‐m-s‐Xb‐p‐w C-c‐n-¡‐p-X‐p-s‐I‐m-ï‐v
a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v ]gb HR & CE B-Î‐n-s‐â
H-c‐p ]-IÀ-¸‐v a‐m-{‐X-a‐m-b‐n a‐m-d‐n-b‐n-¡‐p‐p. AX‐p-s‐I‐m-ï‐v
A-S‐n-Ø‐m-\-]-c-a‐m-b‐n I‐m-e-L-«-¯‐n-\-\‐p-k-‐r-X-a‐m-b‐n
t‐£-{‐X ]‐m-c-¼-c‐y-s‐¯b‐p‐w k‐w-k‐v-I‐m-c-s‐¯b‐p‐w h‐n-I-k‐n-
¸‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w i-à‐n-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐p-h‐m-\‐p-a‐p-Å \‐n-b-a-\‐nÀ-a‐m-
W‐w B-h-i‐y-a‐mW‐v.
a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v 2008 \‐n-e-h‐n h-c‐n-I-b‐p‐w
1þ3þ2009Â t‐£-{‐X P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-c‐p-s‐S i¼-f‐w ]-c‐n-j‐v-I-c‐n-
¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w s‐N-b‐vX‐p. X‐p-Ña‐m-b h-c‐p-a‐m-\-h‐p‐w b‐m-s‐X‐mc‐ph‐n-[
B-\‐p-I‐q-e‐y-h‐w CÃ‐m-s‐X A-S‐n-aI-s‐f t‐]‐m-s‐e
AÀ-[ ]-«‐n-W‐n-¡‐m-c‐m-b‐n-c‐p--t‐£-{‐X-P‐o-h-\-¡‐mÀ-¡‐v
a‐m-\‐ya‐m-b i-¼-f-]-c‐n-j‐v-I-c-W‐w FÂ.U‐nF-^‐v a-{‐´‐n-k-`
\-S-¸‐n-e‐m¡‐n. F-‐m \‐nÀ-`‐m-K‐y-h-i‐m t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐ns‐e
\‐n-b-a-§-s‐f¸-ä‐n h‐y-àa‐m-b a‐m-\-Z-Þ-§f‐p‐w Ì‐m-^‐v
]‐m-t‐ä-W‐p‐w‐, t‐£-{‐X-P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-c‐p-s‐S \‐n-b-a-\-¯‐n CÃ.
C‐u ]-g‐pX‐p‐w N‐n-e k‐v-I‐o-a‐p-IÄ {‐S-Ì‐n-a‐mÀ-¡‐p \Â-I‐p-
\‐n-b-a-\-¯‐n-\‐p-Å Aa‐n-X A-[‐n-I‐m-ch‐p‐w D-]-t‐b‐m-K‐n¨‐p‐w
A-\‐m-h-i‐y-a‐m-b X-k‐v-X‐n-I-IÄ D-ï‐m¡‐n‐, A-g‐n-a-X‐nb‐p‐w
k‐z-P-\-]-£-]‐m-Xh‐p‐w \S-¯‐n {‐S-Ì‐n-a‐mÀ P‐o-h-\-¡‐m-s‐c
\‐n-b-a‐n-¡‐p-I-b‐m-W‐v s‐N-¿‐p-X‐v. t‐£-{‐X-¯‐n-s‐â s‐]‐m-X‐pa‐p-XÂ
C-¯-c-¯‐n \-i‐n-¸‐n-¡-s‐¸-S‐m³ h-g‐n X‐p-d-¡-
s‐¸«‐p. C¯-c‐w {‐]-h-W-X-IÄ hÀ-[‐n-¨‐p-h-c‐p-X‐p
s‐I‐m-ï‐v t‐£-{‐X-§-f‐n \‐n-b-a-\-§-f‐n A-g‐na-X‐n
hÀ-[‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w t‐£-{‐X k¼-¯‐v Z‐pÀ-h‐y-b‐w s‐N-¿‐m-\‐p‐w‐,
k‐m-a‐ql‐n-I A-k-´‐p-e‐n-X‐m-h-Ø k‐r-ã‐n-¡‐m\‐p‐w C-S-b‐m-
¡‐p‐p. C-X‐n-\‐v ]-c‐n-l‐m-c‐w D-ï‐m-¡‐p-h‐m³ t‐K‐m-]‐m-e-I‐rj‐v-W³
I-½‐o-j³ k-aÀ-¸‐n-¨ ]‐pX‐n-b a-e-_‐mÀ t‐Z-hk‐z‐w
t‐_‐mÀ-U‐v _‐n \‐n-b-a-\‐nÀ-a‐mW‐w D-S³ ]‐m-k‐m-¡W‐w.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |7

s‐I«‐nS \‐nÀ½‐m-Wh‐p‐w
h‐n.-k‐n.-\‐m-c‐m-b-W³ \¼‐y‐mÀ
s‐s‐ek³k‐vU‐v F©‐n-\‐o-bÀ, t‐]c‐m{‐¼
\‐nb-ah‐p‐ws‐I«‐nS t‐Icf‐w aä‐p k‐wØ‐m-\-§s‐f
\‐nÀ½‐mW‐w
At‐]-£‐n¨‐v kak‐vX t‐aJ-e-If‐ne‐p‐w
k¼--a‐m-W‐v. s‐a¨-s‐¸«
k¼Z‐v h‐yh-Øb‐v¡‐v {‐][‐m\
]¦‐v hl‐n-¡‐p-X‐v hfÀ‐v
s‐I‐mï‐n-c‐n-¡‐p \‐nÀ½‐mW
t‐aJ-e-b‐m-W‐v. P\-k‐w-J‐y-b‐nÂ
`‐qc‐n-]-£h‐p‐w s‐X‐mg‐n s‐Nb‐vX‐p
P‐oh‐n-¡‐p-‐p. CX-c-k‐w-Ø‐m\
s‐X‐mg‐n-e‐m-f‐n-I-s‐f-b-S¡‐w 70-þ80
iX-a‐m\h‐p‐w s‐X‐mg‐n s‐N¿‐pX‐v
\‐nÀ½‐mW t‐aJ-e-b‐n-e‐m-W‐v.
F‐m k‐naâ‐v‐, I¼‐n‐, s‐aäÂ‐,
]‐qg‐n X‐pS§‐n \‐nÀ½‐mW hk‐vX‐p-
¡-f‐ps‐S h‐ne-¡-b-äh‐p‐w Z‐uÀe-
`‐yh‐p‐w I‐mcW‐w \‐nÀ½‐mW t‐aJe
CS-¡‐m-e¯‐v XfÀ‐v s‐I‐mï‐n-c‐n-
¡‐p-‐p. s‐X‐mg‐n-e‐m-f‐n-IÄ¡‐v
s‐X‐mg‐n e`‐n-¡‐m¯ Hc‐p k‐ml-
Nc‐y‐w k‐rj‐vS‐n-¡-s‐¸-«‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-‐p.
\‐nÀ½‐mW t‐aJ-e-s‐b-‐mÂ
s‐I«‐nS \‐nÀ½‐m-W-a‐mW‐v {‐]
[‐m-\-a‐mb‐p‐w Dt‐±-i‐n-¡‐p--X‐v.
]‐mÀ¸‐n-S‐m-h-i‐y‐w‐, I¨-h-S‐w‐,
h‐yh-k‐m-b‐w‐, h‐nZ‐y‐m-`‐y‐m-k‐w‐,
s‐aU‐n-¡Â‐, t‐e‐mU‐vP‐n‐wK‐v X‐pS§‐n
11 H‐mf‐w h‐n`‐mK‐w t‐aJ-e-I-f‐n-e‐mW‐v
\S‐v hc‐p--X‐v.
k‐z´-a‐m-b- ~Hc‐p h‐oS‐v FX‐v H‐mt‐c‐m t‐Ic-f‐o-bs‐âb‐p‐w
P‐oh‐n-X‐m-`‐n-e‐m-j-a‐m-W‐v. Hc‐p s‐Nd‐nb hc‐m-´‐,
Ht‐‐m ct‐ï‐m s‐Nd‐nb I‐nS-¸‐p-a‐p-d‐n-IÄ‐, `£-W‐w
Ig‐n-¡‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w ]‐mNI‐w s‐N¿‐p-h‐m\‐p‐w H‐mt‐c‐m a‐pd‐n-
IÄ Hc‐p I‐pf‐n-a‐p-d‐v‐, I¡‐q-k‐v‐, C{‐Xb‐p‐w k‐uI-c‐y-a‐mW‐v
h‐oS‐v FX‐v s‐I‐mï‐v Dt‐±-i‐n-¡‐p--X‐v. F‐mÂ
h‐oS‐p-IÄ Hc‐p BU‐w-_c hk‐vX‐p-h‐mb‐n \‐nÀ½‐n¨‐v {‐]
I‐r-X‐n¡‐v `‐mc-a‐p-ï‐m-¡‐p {‐]hÀ¯\‐w ka‐q-l-¯‐nÂ
A§‐n-§‐mb‐n Iï‐p-h-c‐p-‐p. s‐hd‐ps‐X h‐oS‐v \‐nÀ½‐n¨‐v
D]-t‐b‐mK i‐q\‐y-a‐mb‐n AS¨‐p ]‐q«‐n-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-X‐p‐w
t‐hd‐n« I‐mg‐v¨-I-f‐m-W‐v. ]‐mÀ¸‐n-t‐S-Xc s‐I«‐n-S-§-f‐mb‐n
a‐md‐p-‐p. s‐I«‐nS \‐nÀ½‐mW t‐aJ-e-b‐n A\‐phÀ¯‐n-t‐¡ï
Bt‐c‐m-K‐y-k‐w-c-£W‐w‐, a‐me‐n-\‐y-
\‐nÀ½‐mÀÖ-\‐w‐, ]c‐n-Ø‐nX‐n k‐wc-£-W‐w‐, I‐pS‐ns‐hÅ
k‐wc-£-W‐w‐, h‐nI-k-\‐w‐, P‐oh³ k‐pc-£‐,
h‐mb‐p-k-©‐m-c‐w‐, X‐pS-§‐nb a\‐pj‐y P‐oh-\‐p-a‐mb‐n
_Ô-s‐¸« {‐]i‐v\-§Ä¡‐v h‐n]‐p-eh‐p‐w h‐y‐m]-I-h‐pa‐mb
\‐nÀ½‐mW {‐]hÀ¯-\-§Ä `‐oj-W‐n-b‐m-I‐m³
]‐mS‐n-Ã. BbX‐v k‐wc-£‐n-¡‐p-h‐m³ s‐I«‐nS \‐nÀ½‐m-Wc‐w-K¯‐v
IÀ¡-i-a‐mb \‐nba k‐wc-£W Ø‐m]-\-
§Ä \S-¸‐n-e‐m¯‐n hc‐p-‐p.
t‐Icf s‐I«‐nS \‐nÀ½‐mW \‐nb-a‐w -t‐I-c-f-¯‐ns‐e
t‐I‐mÀ¸-t‐d-j³‐, a‐p³k‐n-]‐m-e‐n-ä‐n‐, AS¡‐w a‐pg‐p-h³
]©‐m-b-¯‐p-I-f‐ne‐p‐w Ct‐¸‐mÄ _‐m[-I-a‐m-W‐v. 199s‐e
t‐Icf a‐p\‐n-k‐n-]‐m-e‐nä‐n _‐nÂU‐n‐wK‐v BI‐vS‐v (KBR‐)
Ct‐¸‐mÄ t‐I‐mÀ¸-t‐d-j-\‐p-I-f‐ne‐p‐w a‐p\‐n-k‐n-]‐m-e‐n-ä‐n-If‐ne‐p‐w
\S-¸‐n-e‐m¡‐n hc‐p-X‐v.
CX‐n\‐v a‐p³]‐v t‐Icf‐m
_‐nÂU‐n‐wK‐v d‐qÄ (KBR) \‐ne-h‐ne‐p-ï‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
1999s‐e {‐]
k‐vX‐pX \‐nba‐w 2007 P‐q¬a‐m-kt‐¯‐mS‐p
I‐qS‐n t‐Ic-f-¯‐ns‐e
N‐pc‐p¡‐w N‐ne ]©‐m-b-¯‐p-If‐ne‐p‐w
\S-¸‐n-e‐m-b‐n. F‐mÂ
2011Â ]©‐m-b-¯‐p-IÄ¡‐v
a‐m{‐X-a‐mb‐n t‐Ic-f‐m-]-©‐m-b¯‐v
_‐nÂU‐n‐wK‐v d‐qÄ \‐ne-h‐n h‐p.
AX‐n-\‐p-t‐ij‐w t‐I‐mÀ¸-t‐d-j³
a‐p\‐n-k‐n-]‐m-e‐n-ä‐n-I-f‐n (KMBR‐)
D‐w ]©‐m-b-¯‐p-I-f‐n (KPBR‐)D‐w
\S-¸‐n-e‐m¡‐n hc‐p-‐p. 25 A²‐y‐mb-
¯‐n-e‐mb‐n 152-H‐mf‐w \‐nb-a-§f‐p‐w
D]-\‐n-b-a-§f‐p‐w \‐nb-a-¯‐nÂ
DÄs‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n-b‐n-«‐p-ï‐v.
s‐\Âh-b k‐wc-£-W\‐nba‐w‐,
X‐oc-t‐Zi ]c‐n-]‐m-e\ \‐nb-a‐w‐,
^b k‐wc-£W \‐nb-a‐w‐,
]‐mÀ¡‐n‐wK‐v k‐uI-c‐y-\‐n-b-a‐w‐,
a‐me‐n\‐y \‐nÀ½‐mÀÖ-\‐w‐, ags‐hÅ
k‐w`-c-W‐w F‐o {‐][‐m\
\‐nb-a-§Ä s‐]‐mX‐p-k-a‐q-ls‐¯
k‐wc-£‐n-¡‐p \‐nb-a-h‐y-h-Ø-If‐m-W‐v.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |8

{‐Z‐m
DSe‐v a-®‐p-¡‐v
D-b‐n-c‐v X-a‐n-g‐p¡‐v
-h‐n-U c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-s‐â H-c‐p b‐p-K‐w I‐q-
S‐n A-h-k‐m-\‐n-¡‐p-t‐¼‐mÄ H‐m-t‐c‐m X-a‐ngv
a-\-Ê‐n-e‐p‐w "D-S-e‐v a-®p-¡‐v D-b‐n-c‐v- X-a‐n-g‐p-¡‐v'
F- ]-©‐n‐w-K‐v U-b-t‐e‐m-K‐v B-t‐h-i-a-{‐´-a‐m-b‐v P‐ye‐n-¨‐p
\‐nÂ-¡‐p‐w. P-Ì‐o-k‐v ]‐mÀ-«‐n t‐\-X‐m-h‐m-b‐n-c‐p-
A-g-K‐n-c‐n k‐m-a‐n-b‐p-s‐S {‐]-k‐w-K-¯‐n B-I‐r-ã-\‐mb‐n
14 ‐m‐w h-b-Ê‐n c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-t‐e-¡‐v N‐p-h-S‐p-s‐h-
¡‐pIbpw sN-bvXp. X-a‐n-g‐v c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-s‐â X-s‐
kÀ-Æ-X-e k‐v-]À-i‐n-b‐m-b kÀ-K‐m-ß-I c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b
k‐m-‐n-²‐y-a‐m-b‐n Z-£‐n-W‐m a‐qÀ-¯‐n-s‐b- I-c‐p-
W‐m-\‐n-[‐n ]-SÀ-‐p ]-´-e‐n-¡pIbpw sN-bvXp.
h‐n-Z‐y‐mÀ-°‐n-b‐m-b‐n-c‐n-s‐¡ \‐m-S-I c‐w-K-¯‐v k-P‐oh-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-
A-t‐±-l‐w 20 h-b-Ê‐p X‐n-I-b‐p‐w a‐pt‐¼-k‐n-\‐n-a‐m
X‐n-c-¡-Y‐m-I‐r-¯‐m-b‐n. MGR\‐p k‐q-¸À
Xmc]-Z-h‐n t‐\-S‐n-s‐¡‐m-S‐p-¯ "a-s‐s‐e-¡-Å-s‐â-b‐p‐w'
X‐n-c-¡-Y c-N‐n-¨-X‐v I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. i‐n-h‐m-
P‐n K-t‐W-is‐â-b‐p‐w X‐m-c h-fÀ-¨-b‐n I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-
[‐n-b‐p-s‐S k‐w-`‐m-h-\ h-f-s‐c h-e‐p-X‐m-W‐v. I-h‐n-X‐,
]-{‐X-]‐w-à‐n.‐, X‐n-c-¡-Y‐, t‐\‐m-hÂ, P‐o-h-N-c‐n-{‐X‐w‐,
\‐m-S-I‐w‐, ‐k‐w-`‐m-j-W‐w‐, ‐]‐m-«‐p-IÄ‐, F-‐n-§-s‐\
I-s‐s‐e-R‐v-P-d‐p-s‐S I-c-k‐v-]À-i-t‐aÂ-¡‐m-¯ t‐a-J-e-
I-f‐n-Ã F-‐p X-s‐ ]-d-b‐m‐w.
k‐m-l-k‐n-I-X-b‐p‐w‐, \‐n-Ý-b-Z‐mÀ-V‐y-h‐p‐w‐, t‐]‐m-c‐m-«
h‐o-c‐y-h‐p‐w H-‐n-¨‐p k-t‐½-f‐n-¨ B P‐o-h‐n-X-¯‐n-s‐â
k‐w-`-h-_-l‐p-e-X A-\‐m-h-c-W‐w s‐N-¿-s‐¸-S‐p--X‐m-
W‐v B-ß-I-Y-b‐m-b "s‐\-©‐p-¡‐v \‐o-X‐n' F- t‐]-
c‐n B-d‐p h‐m-Ã‐y-§-f‐n-e‐m-b‐n ]-c-‐p I‐n-S-¡‐p-
{‐_-l-Z‐v I‐r-X‐n. H-«-\-h-[‐n k‐w-`-h ]-c-¼-c-Ifp-sS
t\À-km-£yw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv B IrXn.
k‐w-K‐o-X-¯‐n-s‐â-b‐p‐w‐, \‐r-¯-¯‐n-s‐â-b‐p-a-S-¡-a‐p-Å
kÀ-K‐m-ß-I ]-Ý‐m-¯-e-¯‐n P-\‐n-¨ I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-
[‐n X-s‐â {‐]-X‐n-`-s‐b \-h‐o-I-c‐n-¨-X‐v a-s‐ä‐m-c‐p Z‐n-ib‐n-e‐q-s‐S-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
"]-W‐w', "X-¦-cX‐v-\‐w' F-‐o
c-ï‐p k‐n-\‐n-a-I-f‐n-e‐q-s‐S h‐n-[-h‐m h‐n-h‐m-l-t‐¯ t‐{‐]‐m-
Õ‐m-l‐n-¸‐n-¡‐m-\‐p‐w‐, A-b‐n-¯-s‐¯ IT‐n-\-a‐m-b‐n h‐naÀ-i‐n-¡‐m-\‐p‐w
k‐n-\‐n-a F- i-à-a‐m-b P-\-I‐o-b
a‐m-[‐y-a-s‐¯ A-t‐±-l‐w {‐]-t‐b‐m-P-\-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n. X-s‐â
c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b ZÀ-i-\-§Ä-¡‐v kÀ-K‐m-ß-I {‐]-N‐m-c-W‐w
\Â-I‐p-I-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p k‐m-l‐n-X‐y-¯‐n-e‐q-t‐S-b‐p‐w‐, I-eb‐n-e‐q-t‐S-b‐p‐w
A-t‐±-l‐w \‐nÀ-Æ-l‐n-¨‐p t‐]‐m--X‐v.
k‐m-a‐q-l‐y ]‐p-\À-\‐nÀ-½‐n-X‐n-b‐n k‐m-l‐n-X‐y-h‐p‐w‐,
I-e-b‐p‐w F-§‐n-s‐\ {‐]-t‐b‐m-P-\-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐m‐w F--
X‐n-\‐v G-ä-h‐p‐w \-Ã D-Z‐m-l-c-W-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p I-c‐p-W‐m-
\‐n-[‐n-s‐b- I-e‐m-I‐m-c-\‐n-s‐e c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¡‐m-c³.
X-a‐n-g‐v-\‐m-S‐n-s‐â k‐m-a‐q-l‐n-I c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b a-Þ-e-¯‐nÂ
a‐m-{‐X-a-Ã X-a‐n-g‐v `‐m-j-b‐p-t‐S-b‐p‐w‐, k‐w-k-‐v-I‐m-c-¯‐ns‐â-b‐p‐w‐,
h-fÀ-¨-b‐n-e‐p‐w‐, h‐n-I‐m-k-¯‐n-e‐p‐w k-a‐m-\-
X-I-f‐n-Ã‐m-¯ k‐w-`‐m-h-\ s‐N-b‐v-X t‐\-X‐m-h‐p I‐q-S‐nb‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p
I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n. X-a‐n-g‐v ¢‐m-k‐n-¡‐p-I-f‐m-b
"N‐n-e-¸-X‐n-I‐m-c‐w‐', "X‐n-c‐p-¡‐p-dÂ' F-‐o I‐r-X‐n-I-s‐f
A-[‐n-I-c‐n-¨‐p-Å c-N-\-I-f‐n-e‐q-s‐S X-a‐n-g‐v `‐m-j-¡‐v
\‐n-k‐v-X‐p-e k‐w-`‐m-h-\-b‐m-W‐v A-t‐±-l‐w \Â-I‐n-b-
X‐v.s‐]‐m-X‐p-h‐n a‐n-X-`‐m-j‐n-b‐p‐w‐, K‐u-c-h-¡‐m-c-\‐p-a‐m-b
I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n N‐n-e k‐u-l‐r-X-§Ä-¡‐v I‐m-c‐ya‐m-b
h‐n-e-IÂ-¸‐n-¨‐n-c‐p-‐p.
c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-s‐e N‐m-W-I‐y-\‐m-b-I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n h‐y-
X‐y-k-X A-`‐n-{‐]‐m-b‐w \‐n-e-\‐nÀ-¯‐p-t‐¼‐m-g‐p‐w F-X‐nc‐m-f‐n-I-f‐p-s‐S
I‐q-S‐n B-Z-c-h‐p t‐\-S‐n-b k-h‐n-t‐i-j-X-
I-f‐p-Å t‐\-X‐m-h‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p-.
X-a‐n-g-I-¯‐n-s‐â t‐]‐m-c‐m-« N-c‐n-{‐X-¯‐n I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-
[‐n-¡‐v N-c‐n-{‐X {‐]-[‐m-\-a‐m-b Ø‐m-\‐w X-s‐-b‐m-W‐p-
Å-X‐v.G-g‐v ]-X‐n-ä‐m-ï‐v {‐Zm-h‐n-U c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-s‐â
\‐m-b-I-\‐m-b A-t‐±-l‐w A-©‐p X-h-W a‐p-J‐y-a-{‐´‐nb‐m-b‐n.X-a‐n-g-I-¯‐n-s‐â
b‐m-s‐I I-s‐s‐e-R‐v-P-d‐n t‐e-
¡‐p-Å {‐]-b‐m-W-¯‐n A-\-h-[‐n-b‐m-b k-a-c t‐]‐m-c‐m-
«-§-f‐p-s‐S I‐q-S‐n I-Y-I-f‐p-ï‐v. I-t‐Ã-¡‐p-S‐n k-a-c-¯‐nÂ
X‐o-h-ï‐n-¡‐p a‐p-‐n a-c-W-s‐¯ s‐h-Ã‐p-h‐n-f‐n-¨‐p
sdbnÂ-]m-f-¯n I‐n-S- I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n F-
t‐]‐m-c‐m-f‐n t‐]‐mÀ-a‐p-J-§Ä-s‐¡-‐p‐w A-W-b‐m-¯
B-t‐h-i a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. l‐n-µ‐n h‐n-c‐p-² k-a-c-¯‐n-e‐p‐w
B t‐]‐m-c‐m-« h‐o-c‐y‐w X-a‐n-g‐v a-¡Ä-I-ï-X‐m-W‐v.K-
-എന്‍. ദേവദാസ്
hÀ-Wd‐m-b‐n-c‐p- c‐m-P‐m-P‐n-b‐p-s‐S I‐m-d‐n-\‐p a‐p-‐n-t‐es‐¡-S‐p-¯‐p
N‐m-S‐n I-c‐n-s‐¦‐m-S‐n D-bÀ-¯‐n-¡‐m-«‐m³
I‐m-W‐n-¨ A-k‐m-a‐m-\‐y [‐o-c-X X-a‐n-g-c‐p-s‐S B-t‐hi-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
C-µ‐n-c‐m-K‐m-Ô‐n-b‐p-s‐S AÀ-² ^‐m-k‐n-Ì‐v h‐m-g‐v-N-b‐mb‐n-c‐p-
A-S‐n-b-´‐n-c‐m-h-Ø-¡‐m-e-¯‐v I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-
[‐n X-a‐n-g-I-¯‐n-s‐â a‐p-J‐y a-{‐´‐n-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. P-\‐m-
[‐n-]-X‐y a-«‐n-a-d‐n-¡-s‐¸-« I‐m-e-¯‐v X-a‐n-g‐v-\‐m-«‐n-e‐p‐w
{‐]-X‐n-t‐j-[-¯‐n-s‐â A-e-s‐b‐m-e‐n-IÄ k‐r-ã‐n-¡‐m³
A-t‐±-l-¯‐n\p k‐m[‐n¨‐p.
A-§‐n-s‐\ X-a‐n-g‐v \‐m-S‐n-s‐â a-®‐n-e‐p‐w a-\-Ê‐n-e‐p‐w k‐vt‐\-l‐m-Z-c-§-t‐f‐m-s‐S
\‐n-e-b‐p-d-¸‐n-¨ A-t‐±-l‐w X-a‐n-g‐v
a-\-Ê‐p-I-t‐f‐m-S‐v h‐n-S ]-d-b‐p-t‐¼‐m-g‐p‐w.‐, I‐m-e‐m-X‐n-hÀ-
¯‐n-b‐m-b k‐m-‐n-²‐y-a‐m-b‐v X-a‐n-g‐v c‐m-{‐ã‐o-b-¯‐n-e‐p‐w
P‐o-h‐n-X-¯‐n-e‐p‐w A-t‐±-l-a‐p-ï‐m-I‐p‐w. D-S-e‐p `‐q-a‐n-¡‐p‐w.‐,
D-b‐n-c‐v-X-a‐n-g‐p-¡‐p‐w k-aÀ-¸‐n-¨ I-c‐p-W‐m-\‐n-[‐n-s‐b-
t‐]‐m-c‐m-f‐n-k-a‐m-\-X-I-f‐n-Ã‐m-¯ k-a-c-P‐o-h‐n-X-§-f‐n-e‐qs‐S
X-a‐n-g‐v P-\-X-b‐p-s‐S B-ß‐m-`‐n-a‐m-\-a‐p-bÀ-¯‐n-b
IÀ-½-t‐b‐m-K‐n-b‐p-s‐S [‐o-c k‐v-a-c-W-¡‐p a‐p-‐nÂ
B-Zc‐m-R‐v-P-e‐n-IÄ.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |9

I®qÀ
N-cn-{X-]-Y-§-fn-eq-sS..
HISTORICAL
«‐oj‐v C´‐y-b‐n a{‐Z‐mk‐v
{‐_‐n k‐wØ‐m-\-¯‐ns‐â `‐mK-a‐mb‐n-c‐p‐p
hS-¡³ t‐Ic-f‐w. `‐mj‐m-S‐n-Ø‐m-
\-¯‐n k‐wØ‐m\‐ c‐q]‐o-I-cW‐w \S--
t‐¸‐m-g‐mW‐v C‐p I‐mW‐p LS-\-b‐nÂ
Bb‐n-¯‐oÀ-X‐v. 1957 P\‐p-hc‐n a‐mka‐mW‐v
I®‐qÀ P‐nà c‐q]‐o-I-cW‐w \S--X‐v.
t‐Ic-f-¯‐ns‐â c‐mj‐v{‐S‐o-b‐, k‐ma‐q-l‐y‐,
k‐m‐wk‐vI‐m-c‐nI c‐wK-§-f‐n t‐hd‐n«‐p
\‐n¡‐p IS¯‐o-c-\-K-c-a‐mb I®‐qÀ‐,
Hc‐p P‐nÃ-b‐ps‐S k‐wØ‐m\‐w F-X‐n-e‐p-]
c‐n h‐n{‐i‐p-X-a‐mb Nc‐n-{‐X-t‐i-j‐n-¸‐p-I-f‐ps‐S
Ie-h-d-b‐m-W‐v. ]‐pc‐m-X\ I‐me¯‐p Xs‐
Hc‐p h‐mW‐n-P‐y-t‐I{‐µ‐w F \‐ne-b‐nÂ
{‐it‐²-b-a‐mb C‐u t‐Zi¯‐v P‐qX³a‐mc‐p‐w
Ad-_‐n-If‐p‐w s‐s‐N\-¡‐mc‐p‐w h‐v X‐mak‐n¨‐p
I¨-hS‐w \S-¯‐p-Ib‐p‐w Ah-c‐ps‐S
k‐m‐wk‐vI‐m-c‐nI A´À[‐m-c-IÄ {‐]t‐Z-i-
¯‐ns‐â Bß‐m-h‐v X·-b-X‐z-t‐¯‐ms‐S
Cg‐pI‐n t‐NÀ¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w s‐Nb‐vX‐p. I®‐qÀ
\Kc‐w I‐me-¯‐qÀ F t‐]c‐n-e‐m-b‐n-c‐p‐p
BZ‐y-I‐m-e-§-f‐n Ad‐n-b-s‐¸-«‐n-c‐p--X‐v.
t‐Ic-f-¯‐n Gäh‐p‐w ]‐pc‐m-X-\-s‐av
h‐nt‐ij‐n-¸‐n-¡-s‐¸-S‐p c‐mP-h‐w-ia‐mb
a‐qj-I-h‐w-i-¯‐ns‐â ]‐n³a‐p-d-¡‐m-c‐mb
t‐I‐me-¯‐n-c‐n-a‐m-c‐ps‐S F«‐v s‐\S‐p‐w t‐I‐m«-
I-f‐n H‐mb IS-e‐mb‐n t‐I‐m« Ø‐nX‐n
s‐Nb‐vX‐n-c‐p-X‐v I®‐q-c‐n-e‐m-b‐n-c‐p‐p F
\‐m«-d‐n-h‐p-ï‐v. IS-e‐mb‐n {‐i‐oI‐r-j‐vWs‐â
al‐m-t‐£-{‐Xh‐p‐w Ø‐nX‐n s‐Nb‐vX‐n-c‐p-X‐v
Ch‐n-s‐S-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p--X-t‐{‐X. I‐rj‐vW-K‐mY‐m
IÀ¯‐m-h‐mb s‐Nd‐p-t‐Èc‐n \¼‐q-X‐nc‐n
I‐rj‐vW-K‐mY cN‐n-¨X‐p‐w C‐u t‐£{‐X-k-
‐n-[‐n-b‐n s‐h¨‐p Xs‐. IS-e‐m-{‐I-a-W-
¯‐n t‐I‐m«b‐p‐w al‐m-t‐£-{‐Xh‐p‐w
XIÀ-t‐¸‐mÄ t‐I‐me-¯‐nc‐n c‐mP‐m-
¡³a‐mÀ IS-e‐mb‐n {‐i‐oI‐r-j‐vW-t‐£{‐Xw
X§-f‐ps‐S BØ‐m-\-a‐mb N‐nd-¡Â
t‐I‐mh‐n-e-I-¯‐n\‐v ka‐o]‐w ]‐p\À
\‐nÀ½‐n-¨-X‐mW‐v C‐p I‐mW‐p
IS-e‐mb‐n {‐i‐oI‐rj‐vW
t‐£{‐X‐w.
s‐s‐ht‐Z-i‐nI ià‐n-I-f‐mb U¨‐v‐, {‐^©‐v‐, C‐w¥‐oj‐v ka‐q-lh‐p‐w
I®‐q-c‐ns‐â a®‐n\‐v t‐h>‐n t‐]‐mc‐m-S‐n. h‐nP-b-\-Kc k‐ma‐m-P‐y-
¯‐ns‐â ]X-\-t‐¯‐ms‐S DbÀ‐p h Ct‐¡-c‐n-b‐ns‐e
\‐mb‐v¡³a‐m-c‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w A[‐n-\‐n-t‐hi {‐ia-§f‐p‐w I®‐q-c‐ns‐\
{‐Kk‐n-¨‐p. X‐pSÀ¨-b‐m-b‐pÅ Ah-c‐ps‐S B{‐I-a-W-§Ä I\¡‐mä‐mb‐n
I®‐q-c‐n-s‐\b‐p‐w ka‐o-]-{‐]-t‐Z-i-§-s‐fb‐p‐w De-¨‐n-c‐p-‐p.
C‐v I®‐qÀ k‐nä‐n F-d‐n-b-s‐¸-S‐p `‐mK-a‐mW‐v ]‐pc‐m-X\
t‐I‐m«-b‐ps‐Sb‐p‐w t‐k\‐m-t‐I-{‐µ-§-f‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w Ø‐m\‐w. t‐I‐me-
¯‐nc‐n h‐wi-¯‐ns‐e Gäh‐p‐w {‐]K-Û-s‐c‐v Ad‐n-b-s‐¸-
S‐p he-`³ cï‐m-a-\‐mW‐v IS-e‐mb‐n t‐I‐m«b‐p‐w
t‐£{‐Xh‐p‐w \‐nÀ½‐n-¨X‐v F‐mW‐v Ic‐p-X‐p--X‐v. At‐±l‐w
\‐nÀ½‐n¨ as‐ä‐mc‐p ]«-W-a‐mW‐v he-`-]-«W‐w (h-f-]-«-W‐w‐)
F-d‐n-b-s‐¸-S‐p--X‐v. s‐X¡‐n _k‐m-d‐n\‐v ka‐o]‐w A\-
¡‐pf‐w F‐mW‐v {‐]‐mt‐Z-i‐n-I-a‐mb‐n Ad‐n-b-s‐¸-S‐p--X‐v.
I‐qS‐ms‐X s‐X¡‐n-_-k‐m-d‐n\‐v B\-]´‐n Fs‐‐mc‐p t‐]
c‐p‐w DÅX‐mb‐n {‐]t‐Z-i-h‐m-k‐n-IÄ¡-d‐n-b‐m‐w. CX‐v B\-
¸-S-b‐ps‐S BØ‐m-\-a‐m-b-X‐n-\‐m k‐n²‐n¨‐v t‐]c‐p-I-f‐m-W‐v.
I‐m\-¯‐qÀ F {‐]t‐Zi‐w Hc‐p-I‐m-e¯‐v e£-Z‐o-]‐p-I-f‐n-Â
\‐n‐pÅ Cd-¡‐p-a-X‐n-b‐m-b‐me‐p‐w h‐nt‐Zi c‐mP‐y-§-f‐p-a‐mb‐pÅ
h‐mW‐nP‐y _Ô-§-f‐me‐p‐w k¼--a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
At‐d_‐y X‐pS-§‐nb c‐mP‐y-§-f‐n \‐n‐v I‐pX‐n-c-Is‐f
Cd-¡‐p-aX‐n s‐Nb‐vX‐v b‐p²‐m-h-i‐y-§Ä¡‐mb‐n h‐nP-b-\-
K-c-¯‐n-t‐e¡‐p‐w aä‐p‐w F¯‐n-¨‐n-c‐p h‐y‐m]‐m-c-¯‐ns‐â
t‐I{‐µh‐p‐w CX‐p Xs‐-b‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. F.U‐n ]
X‐n-\‐me‐m‐w \‐qä‐m-ï‐n ae-_‐mÀ kµÀi‐n¨
h‐nt‐Zi k©‐m-c‐n-b‐mb {‐^bÀ t‐P‐mÀ
U‐mak‐v BW‐v I‐m\¯‐qÀ
F‐v BZ‐y-a‐mb‐n t‐cJ-
s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n-¡‐mW‐p-
-X‐v.
sI.-hn.-_m_p
t‐Ic-f-¯‐ns‐e GI a‐pÉ‐n‐w \‐m«‐p c‐mP‐y-a‐mb Ad-¡Â
h‐wi-¯‐ns‐â BØ‐m\‐w I®‐qÀ Bb-t‐X‐mS‐p I‐qS‐n
I®‐qÀ I‐qS‐p-XÂ {‐i²‐m t‐I{‐µ-a‐m-b‐n. 14þ‐m‐w \‐qä‐m-t‐ï‐ms‐S
t‐I‐me-¯‐nc‐n c‐mP-h‐wi‐w £t‐b‐m-·‐p-J-a‐m-h‐p-Ib‐p‐w Adb‐v¡Â
c‐mP-h‐wi‐w {‐]X‐m-]-¯‐n-t‐e¡‐v Db-c‐p-Ib‐p‐w
s‐Nb‐vX-t‐¸‐mÄ Ah-c‐ps‐S Xe-Ø‐m\ \Kc‐n F \‐neb‐nÂ
I®‐qÀ {‐it‐²-b-a‐m-b‐n. e£-Z‐z‐o-]‐v‐, At‐d_‐y X‐pS-
§‐nb {‐]t‐Z-i-§-f‐p-a‐m-b‐pÅ X‐nc-t‐¡-d‐nb IS-¨-h-S-¯‐ns‐â
t‐I{‐µ-h‐nµ‐p F \‐ne-b‐ne‐p‐w k¼--a‐mb Hc‐p {‐]t‐Zi‐w
F \‐ne-b‐ne‐p‐w {‐]t‐Zi‐w {‐it‐²-b-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. Adb‐v¡Â
`c-W-¯‐ns‐â Nc‐n-{‐X-t‐i-j‐n-¸‐p-IÄ C‐p‐w [‐mc‐mf-a‐mb‐n
e`‐y-a‐m-W‐v. c‐mP-I‐p-
S‐p‐w-_-¯‐ns‐â
JP-\‐mh‐v Nc‐n-
{‐X-t‐i-
C´y³-{Sq¯v |10

j‐n-¸‐p-IÄ C‐p‐w [‐mc‐m-f-a‐mb‐n e`‐y-a‐m-W‐v. c‐mP-I‐p-
S‐p‐w_¯‐ns‐â JP-\‐mh‐v Ik‐m-\-t‐¡‐m-«-b‐n-e‐m-W‐v. JP‐m\
t‐I‐m«-b‐mW‐v Ik‐m\ t‐I‐m«-b‐m-b-X‐v. Ad-b‐v¡Â c‐mPh‐wi‐w
k‐z´-a‐mb‐n k‐zÀ®‐w‐, s‐hÅ‐n \‐mW-b-§Ä Ik‐m-
\-t‐¡‐m-«-b‐ns‐e I½-«-¯‐n AS‐n-¨‐n-c‐p--X‐mb‐n t‐cJ-s‐¸-
S‐p-¯‐n-¡‐m-W‐p-‐pï‐v. Gs‐d k¼--a‐mb C‐u
c‐mP-h‐w-i-¯‐ns‐â BØ‐m-\-a-µ‐n-c-a‐mb "Ad-¡Â s‐I«‐v‐'
c‐mP-I‐ob {‐]‐uU‐n-b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w h‐mk‐vX‐p h‐nZ‐y-b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w
\‐nZÀi-\-a‐m-W‐v. ISÂ h‐y‐m]‐m-c-¯‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w \‐mh‐nI ]‐mc-
¼-c‐y-¯‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w H‐mÀa-I-f‐p-WÀ¯‐p H«-\-h[‐n Nc‐n{‐X
k‐ma-{‐K‐n-If‐p‐w t‐cJ-If‐p‐w Ad-¡Â s‐I«‐n k‐wc-£‐n¨‐p
hc‐p-‐p. h‐nt‐Z-i‐n-IÄ C‐u IS¯‐o-cs‐¯ "a‐m¸‐n-ft‐_‐'
F‐m-b‐n-c‐p‐p h‐nf‐n-¨‐n-c‐p--X‐v.
F.U‐n 1505  t‐]‐mÀ¨‐pK‐ok‐v KhÀW-d‐mb‐n AÂt‐aU
I®‐q-c‐ns‐â IS¯‐o-c¯‐v s‐kâ‐v A©-t‐e‐mk‐v t‐I‐m«
]W‐n-X-t‐X‐ms‐S s‐s‐ht‐Z-i‐nI k‐m‐n²‐y‐w {‐]t‐Z-i-¯‐ns‐â
Nc‐n-{‐X-¯‐ns‐e hg‐n-¯‐n-c‐n-h‐m-b‐n. h‐mf‐p‐w ]c‐n-Nb‐p‐w
I‐p´h‐p‐w I‐pd‐p-h-S‐n-b‐p-a‐mb‐n t‐I‐m«-s‐I‐m-¯-f-§Ä k‐wc-
£‐n¨‐p t‐]‐m \½‐ps‐S s‐s‐k\‐y-¯‐ns‐â h‐nf‐n-¸‐m-S-Is‐e-b‐mb‐n
s‐hS‐n-a-c‐p-‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w B[‐p-\‐nI b‐p²-X-{‐´-
§-f‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w ]‐n³_-e-¯‐n \‐ne-b‐p-d-¸‐n¨ s‐s‐ht‐Z-i‐nI
s‐s‐k\‐y-¯‐ns‐â k‐m‐n²‐y‐w A£-c‐mÀ°-¯‐n t‐I‐me-
¯‐n-c‐n-b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w Ad-¡Â `c-W‐m-[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-If‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w
Dd¡‐w s‐IS‐p-¯‐m³ t‐]‐m-X‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p. Ad-¡Â s‐I«‐n\‐v
A`‐n-a‐p-J-a‐mb‐n Ad-_‐n-¡-S-e‐ns‐â X‐oc¯‐v ]X‐n-s‐\‐m‐v
G¡-d‐n {‐X‐nt‐I‐m-W‐m-I‐r-X‐n-b‐n ]W‐nX B©-e-t‐¡‐m«
Ø‐nX‐n s‐N¿‐p s‐N¦Â ]‐mf‐nI‐v \‐nd-ª-X‐m-s‐W-X‐p‐w
ka‐p-{‐Z-¯‐n-t‐e¡‐v A¸‐w XÅ‐n \‐n¡‐p LS-\-b‐ms‐W-X‐p‐w
ka‐p-{‐Z-¯‐ns‐â Bg-¡‐q-S‐p-Xe‐p‐w t‐I‐m«s‐b
I‐qS‐p-XÂ X{‐´-{‐]-[‐m-\-a‐m-¡‐n.
FU‐n.1505Â I®‐q-c‐n-s‐e-¯‐nb h‐nt‐Z-i‐n-b‐mb Z‐pc‐ms‐¯
_Àt‐_‐mk ]X‐n-\©‐p hÀj-t‐¯‐mf‐w X‐ma-k‐n-¨X‐v
I®‐q-c‐n-e‐m-W‐v. I®‐qÀ t‐I‐m«-b‐ns‐e ¢‐mÀ¡‐ns‐â Dt‐Z‐y‐m-
K-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p‐p At‐±l¯‐n-s‐\‐p‐w ]d-b-s‐¸-S‐p-‐p-ï‐v.
_‐mÀt‐_‐mk X‐m³ IïX‐p‐w t‐I«-X‐p-a‐mb I‐mc‐y-§Ä
I‐pt‐d-t‐bs‐d t‐cJ-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n-b‐n-«‐p-ï‐v. t‐I‐mg‐n-t‐¡‐mS‐v c‐mP‐y-
¯‐n-t‐e¡‐v IS¯‐o-c-¯‐n-e‐qs‐S s‐Xt‐¡‐m-«‐pÅ b‐m{‐Xb‐nÂ
DÅ he‐nb \K-c-a‐mW‐v I®‐qÀ. [‐mc‐mf‐w a‐pÉ‐n-
§f‐p‐w h‐nh‐n[ h‐n`‐m-K-¡‐m-c‐mb l‐nµ‐p-¡f‐p‐w
Ch‐n-s‐S-b‐p-ï‐v. Ch-s‐cÃ‐m‐w I¨-h-S¡‐m-c‐p‐w‐, s‐Nd‐pX‐p‐w
he‐p-X‐p-a‐mb I¸-e‐p-I-f‐ps‐S DS-a-I-f‐p-a‐mW‐v F‐v At‐±l‐w
t‐cJ-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐n-b‐p-«‐p-ï‐v.
I®‐q-c‐n t‐]‐mÀ¨‐p-K‐ok‐v B[‐n-]X‐y‐w ]‐nS‐n-a‐p-d‐p-¡‐n-bt‐X‐ms‐S
Ak‐z-Ø-c‐mb k‐ma‐q-X‐n-c‐nb‐p‐w I«h¡‐mc‐mb
Ad-_‐n-If‐p‐w‐, X‐pÀ¡‐n-If‐p‐w ‐, a‐qd‐p-If‐p‐w \S-¯‐nb B{‐IaW
{‐]X‐y‐m-{‐I-a-W-§Ä I®‐q-c‐ns‐â IS-e‐ns‐\ cà-]-
¦‐n-e-a‐m-¡‐n. I®‐qÀ t‐I‐m« t‐I{‐µ‐o-I-c‐n¨‐v \‐ne-b‐p-d-¸‐n¨
t‐]‐mÀN‐p-K‐ok‐v s‐s‐k\‐y‐w F®-¯‐n I‐pd-h‐m-b‐n-c‐p-s‐-
¦‐ne‐p‐w Bb‐p[ a‐nI-h‐n-\‐m X‐pSÀ¨-b‐mb h‐nPb‐w
t‐\S‐n. F.U‐n 1506 a‐mÀ¨‐v a‐mk¯‐n \S Hc‐p Gä‐pa‐p-«-e‐nÂ
a‐m{‐X‐w a‐qh‐m-b‐n-c-t‐¯‐mf‐w \‐m«‐p-s‐s‐k-\‐n-I-c‐mW‐v
s‐I‐mÃ-s‐¸-«-X‐v. t‐]‐mÀ¨‐p-K‐o-k‐p-I‐m-c‐ps‐S a‐pÉ‐n‐w h‐nt‐c‐m-[-
h‐p‐w‐, aX-]-c‐n-hÀ¯-\-{‐i-a-§f‐p‐w {‐I‐qc-X-If‐p‐w I®‐q-c‐ns‐â
a®‐n\‐p‐w a\-Ê‐n\‐p‐w G¸‐n¨ BL‐mX‐w he‐p-X‐m-b‐nc‐p-‐p.
t‐]‐mÀ¨‐p-K‐ok‐v ià‐n s‐Xs‐Ã‐m‐v De-ª-t‐¸‐mÄ
]‐n‐m-s‐e-s‐b-¯‐nb s‐s‐ht‐Z-i‐nI ià‐n-I-f‐mb U¨‐v‐,
{‐^©‐v‐, C‐w¥‐oj‐v ka‐q-lh‐p‐w I®‐q-c‐ns‐â a®‐n\‐v t‐hï‐n
t‐]‐mc‐m-S‐n. h‐nP-b-\-Kc k‐ma‐m-P‐y-¯‐ns‐â ]X-\-t‐¯‐ms‐S
DbÀ‐p h Ct‐¡-c‐n-b‐ns‐e \‐mb‐v¡³a‐m-c‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w
A[‐n-\‐n-t‐hi {‐ia-§f‐p‐w I®‐q-c‐ns‐\ {‐Kk‐n-¨‐p. X‐pSÀ¨b‐m-b‐pÅ
Ah-c‐ps‐S B{‐I-a-W-§Ä I\¡‐m-ä‐mb‐n
I®‐q-c‐n-s‐\b‐p‐w ka‐o-]-{‐]-t‐Z-i-§-s‐fb‐p‐w De-¨‐n-c‐p-‐p.
F.U‐n 1734Â Ct‐¡c‐n \‐mb‐v¡³a‐mÀ I®‐qÀ X‐pd-a‐p-J-
¯‐n-\-S‐p-¯‐mb‐n Hc‐p t‐I‐m« ]W‐nX A¡‐m-e¯‐v U¨‐p-
I‐m-c‐ps‐S A[‐o-\-X-b‐n-e‐m-b‐n-c‐p B©-t‐e‐mk‐v t‐I‐m«b‐v¡
Hc‐p s‐hÃ‐p-h‐n-f‐n-b‐m-b‐n. I‐ps‐d-¡‐met‐¯‐mf‐w ]c-k‐v]-ca‐pÅ
]‐oc¦‐n s‐hS‐n-I-f‐ps‐S k‐n‐wlKÀÖ\‐w I®‐qÀ {‐]
t‐Z-i¯‐v {‐]I-¼\‐w s‐I‐mï‐p. ]‐n‐oS‐v U¨‐v C‐w¥‐oj‐v
k‐wb‐pà s‐s‐k\‐nI X{‐´-§Ä¡‐v a‐p³]‐n AS‐n-bdh‐p
]dª‐v IÀ®‐m-SI s‐s‐k\‐y‐w ]‐n³a‐m-d‐n-b-t‐X‐ms‐S
{‐]t‐Zi‐w X‐me‐vI‐m-e‐nI i‐m´‐n-b‐n-t‐e¡‐v aS-§‐n. C‐u ka‐m-
[‐m-\-¯‐n\‐v Ad‐pX‐n hc‐p-¯‐n-s‐¡‐mï‐v s‐s‐lZ-d‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w
aI³ S‐n¸‐p-h‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w t‐\X‐r-X‐z-¯‐n-e‐pÅ ]S-t‐b‐m-«-§Ä
I®‐q-c‐n-s‐âb‐p‐w ]c‐n-kc {‐]t‐Z-i-§-f‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w Z‐n\-c‐m-{‐X-
§Ä {‐]£‐p-_‐vZ-a‐m-¡‐n. s‐s‐ak‐qÀ s‐s‐k\‐y-¯‐ns‐â \‐mh‐nI
h‐n`‐mK‐w Xe-h-\‐mb‐n Ad-¡Â c‐mP-h‐w-i-¯‐ns‐e s‐jb‐vJ‐v
Be‐ns‐b \‐nb-a‐n-¨-t‐X‐mS‐p I‐qS‐n I®‐qÀ ISÂ h‐oï‐p‐w
{‐i²‐m-t‐I-{‐µ-a‐m-b‐n. Hc‐n-S-t‐hf S‐n¸‐p-h‐ns‐â s‐s‐k\‐nI
t‐I{‐µ-a‐mb‐p‐w s‐kâ‐v B©-t‐e‐mk‐v t‐I‐m« hÀ¯‐n-¨‐n-c‐p‐p
FX‐p‐w Hc‐p Nc‐n{‐X I‐uX‐p-I-a‐m-W‐v. 1790 U‐nk‐w-_À
a‐mk-¯‐n s‐s‐ak‐qÀ Ad-¡Â k‐wb‐pà s‐s‐k\‐ys‐¯
]c‐m-P-b-s‐¸-S‐p¯‐n {‐_‐n«‐o-j‐p-I‐mÀ ]‐nS‐n-s‐¨-S‐p-¯-t‐¸‐mÄ
I®‐qÀ F {‐]‐mN‐o\ \Kc‐w Hc‐p It‐â‐m¬s‐aâ‐v Bb‐n
X‐oc‐p-h‐m-\‐pÅ BZ‐y-N‐p-h-S‐p-s‐h-¸‐p-IÄ \S-¯‐p-I-b‐m-b‐nc‐p-‐p.
t‐I‐m« s‐s‐aX‐m-\h‐p‐w AX‐n\‐p ka‐o-]-a‐pÅ {‐]
t‐Z-i-§f‐p‐w s‐s‐k\‐n-I-c‐ps‐S _‐q«‐ns‐â i_‐vZ-¯‐m a‐pJc‐n-X-a‐m-b‐n‐,
Hc‐p s‐s‐k\‐nI t‐I{‐µ-s‐a \‐ne-b‐n-t‐e¡‐v
Nc‐n{‐X K‐mYI-f‐p-d-§‐p I®‐q-c‐ns‐â a®‐v ad‐p-I-b‐m-b‐nc‐p-‐p.
Nc‐n{‐X]c-a‐mb‐n {‐]i-k‐vX‐n-b‐mÀÖ‐n-¨‐n-«‐pÅ C‐u ]‐pc‐m-X\
h‐mW‐n-P‐y-t‐I{‐µ‐w l‐nµ‐p‐,-a‐p-É‐n‐w‐,-{‐I‐n-k‐vX‐y³ P‐qX ka‐ql-§-Ä
kl-hÀ¯‐nX‐zt‐¯‐ms‐S ]‐mÀ¡‐p-Ib‐p‐w P‐oh‐n-
Xh‐p‐w k‐z]‐v\-§f‐p‐w s‐\b‐vX ]‐pW‐y-t‐Z-i-a‐m-W‐v. K‐pP-d‐m-
¯‐n-I-f‐p‐w‐, ]‐mg‐vk‐n-If‐p‐w ‐, s‐I‐m¦‐n-W‐n-I-f‐p‐w‐, _‐wK‐m-f‐n-If‐p‐w
P‐oh‐nX‐w s‐I‐mï‐v AS-b‐m-f‐vs‐¸-S‐p-¯‐nb e‐nL‐n-X-§Ä
I®‐q-c‐n k‐pe-`-a‐m-W‐v. B‐wt‐¥‐m-þ-C-´‐y³ _Ô‐w a‐qe‐w
k‐wP‐m-X-a‐mb Hc‐p ka‐q-l-¯‐ns‐â Bh‐mk t‐I{‐µ-a‐mb
"_À®-t‐Èc‐n‐' I®‐q-c‐ns‐â l‐rZb h‐ni‐m-e-X-b‐ps‐S {‐]
X‐o-I-a‐m-W‐v.
B[‐p\‐nI I‐me-L-«-¯‐n I®‐q-c‐ns‐â X‐nf-§‐p a‐pJ-
¯‐n\‐v Ic‐p-h‐m-f‐n¸‐v hX‐v AS-§‐m¯ c‐mj‐v{‐S‐ob s‐s‐hc-
¯‐n-s‐â-b‐p‐w‐, s‐I‐me-]‐m-X-I-§-f‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w t‐I{‐µ-s‐a t‐]
c‐p-t‐Z‐mj‐w a‐qe-a‐m-W‐v. BX‐n-Y‐y-a-c‐y‐m-Z-b‐ne‐p‐w Ie‐m
k‐m‐wk‐vI‐m-c‐nI t‐aJ-e-b‐ne‐p‐w I®‐q-c‐ns‐â alX‐z‐w t‐e‐mI‐w
h‐mg‐v¯‐p-‐p. "X‐nd‐'b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w Xd‐n-b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w \‐mS‐v F
h‐nt‐i-jW‐w D‐uc‐p-I-f‐ps‐S I®‐mb I®‐q-c‐ns‐â Nc‐n{‐X]
ch‐p‐w k‐m‐wk‐vI‐m-c‐n-I-h‐p-a‐mb H‐uX‐ys‐¯ k‐qN‐n-¸‐n-
¡‐p-‐p.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |11

MUSICAL
1950 P‐q¬ a‐mk‐w 10\‐v t‐^‐mÀ«‐v
s‐I‐m¨‐n C‐u d‐mt‐he‐n ]S‐nª‐mt‐d
h‐o«‐n A_‐ph‐ns‐âb‐p‐w‐,
]‐m¯‐p½b‐pt‐Sb‐p‐w aI\‐mb‐n
]‐n.F.C{‐_‐ml‐n‐w P\‐n¡‐pt‐¼‐mÄ
AX‐v aeb‐mf‐nIÄ s‐\t‐©ä‐nb
Hc‐p k‐wK‐oX i‐mJb‐ps‐S I‐qS‐n
P\\ a‐mb‐nc‐p‐p.
]«‐nW‐nt‐b‐mS‐v aÃS‐n¨
_‐me‐yI‐ua‐mc§Ä.‐, k‐wK‐oX
at‐\‐zj‐n¨‐pÅ Ae¨‐ne‐nÂ
aZ‐yh‐p‐w. ab¡‐pac‐p‐p‐w
X‐pWb‐mb‐n.s‐I._‐n.t‐hW‐p h‐ns‐â
h‐m¡‐pIÄ ISs‐aS‐p¯‐p ]
dª‐m Hc‐p _j‐od‐nb³ bÆ\‐w.
t‐^‐mÀ«‐v s‐I‐m¨‐nb‐ps‐S {‐]‐nbs‐¸«
]‐m«‐pI‐mc³ s‐al_‐q_‐ns‐â
X_e‐nÌ‐mb‐ns‐¡‐mï‐mb‐nc‐p‐p
k‐wK‐oX P‐oh‐nX¯‐ns‐â X‐pS¡‐w.
AX‐n\‐p t‐ij‐w s‐al_‐q_‐ns‐â
Xs‐ \‐nÀt‐Zi‐m\‐pkcW‐w
t‐_‐ms‐¼b‐vI‐v hï‐n Ibd‐p‐p.
t‐_‐ms‐¼b‐n s‐h¨‐v Dk‐vX‐mX‐v
a‐pP‐mh Ae‐o J‐m\‐nÂ
\‐n‐p‐w X_eb‐n {‐]‐mh‐nW‐y‐w
t‐\S‐p‐p. N‐ne b‐mZ‐rÝ‐nI
k‐w`h§Ä ]ec‐pt‐Sb‐p‐w
P‐oh‐nX§Äa‐mä‐nad‐n¨‐n«‐pï‐v.
D¼‐mb‐nb‐ps‐S P‐oh‐nX¯‐nÂ
As‐X‐mc‐p K‐m\a‐mb‐nc‐p‐p.
A\i‐zc K‐mbI³ a‐pt‐Ij‐v
Be]‐n¨ "B‐wk‐q `c‐o s‐l'
F K‐m\‐w D¼‐mb‐n ]‐mS‐pX‐v
Dk‐vX‐mZ‐v a‐pP‐m hÀt‐IÄ¡‐m³
CSb‐mb‐n. ]‐n‐nS‐v X_eb‐ns‐e
]c‐ni‐oe\‐w Ahk‐m\‐n¸‐n¨‐v
DÀZ‐p.. l‐nµ‐pØ‐m\‐n
k‐wK‐oX¯‐nt‐e¡‐v D¼‐mb‐nb‐ps‐S
A`‐nc‐pN‐ns‐b hg‐nX‐nc‐n¨‐ph‐n«‐p.
At‐X‐ms‐S k‐wK‐oX¯‐ns‐â
Bß‐mh‐nt‐e¡‐nd§‐nb
A\‐p`‐qX‐nb‐ps‐S
b‐m{‐Xb‐mbX‐pa‐md‐n.
Bb‐m{‐X¡‐nSb‐n h‐oï‐p‐w Hc‐p
\‐nt‐b‐mKs‐a h®‐w h‐nJ‐y‐mX
k‐n\‐na‐m k‐wh‐n[‐mbI³ t‐P‐m¬
F{‐_l‐ma‐ns‐\ Iï‐p a‐p«‐p‐p.
aeb‐mf¯‐ns‐â k‐u`‐mK‐ys‐a‐p
I‐qS‐n B Iï‐pa‐p«e‐ns‐\ h‐nt‐ij‐n
¸‐n¡‐m‐w.C{‐_‐ml‐na‐ns‐e {‐]
X‐n`s‐b Iïd‐nª t‐P‐m¬
C{‐_‐ml‐na‐ns‐\ D¼‐mb‐n
F‐p ]‐p\À\‐maIcW‐w
s‐Nb‐vX‐p.s‐X½‐mS‐nb‐mb Fs‐
a\‐pj‐y\‐m¡‐nbX‐v t‐P‐m¬ Bs‐W‐p‐v D¼‐mb‐n
Xs‐ Hc‐n¡Â ]dª‐n«‐pï‐v.
A{‐Xt‐a Bß\‐n _²a‐mb‐nc‐p‐p
B k‐ul‐rZ‐w. "A½ Ad‐nb‐m³‐' F
P\I‐ob k‐n\‐nab‐ps‐S k‐wK‐oX\‐nÀÆl‐
W¨‐paXe D¼‐mb‐ns‐b G¸‐n¡‐p‐p.
BZ‐ya‐mb‐n Xs‐âiÐ‐w Bt‐eJ\‐w s‐Nb‐vX‐p
t‐I« D¼‐mb‐n¡‐p ]‐ns‐ ‐k‐wK‐oX¯‐ns‐â
A\´h‐nl‐mbÊ‐nt‐e¡‐v ]d‐pbc‐m³
A[‐nII‐me‐w t‐hï‐n h‐nÃ..
]‐n‐oS‐v Kk B h‐njI‐mc¯‐n\‐p t‐NÀ
Ih‐nXIÄ t‐XS‐nb‐pÅ b‐m{‐XIf‐mb‐n.
Ah‐nt‐Sb‐p‐w `‐mK‐y‐w B K‐mbI\‐p
X‐pWb‐mb‐n. t‐hW‐ph‐n.t‐Zi‐w‐, k¨‐nX‐m\
µ³‐, H.F³.h‐n.‐, ‐b‐qk^e‐n t‐It‐¨c‐n
X‐pS§‐n {‐]X‐n`‐m[\c‐ps‐S Ih‐nXIÄ¡‐v
Kk k‐wK‐oX¯‐ns‐â `‐mh‐mh‐nj‐vI‐mc‐w \
ÂI‐nbX‐ne‐qs‐S aeb‐mf¯‐n\‐p e`‐n¨X‐v
24 H‐mf‐w Kk BÂ_§Ä. a‐pg‐ph\‐p‐w
lnam-Zmkv
K‐mbI‐m..
\‐n³ K‐m\‐w
\‐nÀ¯‐pI‐nÃ...
s‐s‐Icf‐n l‐rZb‐w s‐I‐mt‐ïä‐p h‐m§‐n.
aeb‐mf ]Z§s‐f DÀZ‐p h‐n s‐âb‐p‐w .‐,
l‐nµ‐pØ‐m\‐n b‐pt‐Sb‐p‐w ]‐mc¼c‐y§f‐pa‐mb‐n
Cgt‐NÀ¯‐v c‐q]s‐¸S‐p¯‐ns‐bS‐p¯
aeb‐mf‐w Kk aeb‐mf¯‐ns‐â
Xs‐ Hc‐p k‐wK‐oX i‐mJb‐mb‐n c‐q]
s‐¸S‐pIb‐mb‐nc‐p‐p. i‐z‐mkt‐I‐mi‐mÀ_‐pZ
c‐q]¯‐n aeb‐mf¯‐ns‐â s‐\©I‐w
]‐nfÀ‐p s‐I‐mï‐v B K‐mbIs‐â P‐oh³
I‐me‐w A]lc‐ns‐¨S‐p¡‐pt‐¼‐mÄ t‐\
À¯ k‐wK‐oX[‐mcb‐mb‐v l‐rZb§f‐nt‐e¡e‐nª‐nd§‐nb
{‐]Wb
`‐mh¯‐ns‐â k‐ua‐y k‐ma‐`‐y‐w H‐mÀa a‐m{‐Xa‐mb‐n
a‐md‐p‐p.
K‐mbI‐m... \‐n³ K‐m\‐w \‐nÀ¯‐nÃ...
k‐z]‐v\\Kc‐nb‐n \‐nÀae i¿b‐ns‐e B
a‐pK‐vZ k‐uµc‐ys‐¯ DWÀ¯‐ms‐X ]‐mS‐n ]‐mS‐n
Dd¡‐m‐w...
cmtP-jv ]n.Fw.
{]f-b-tijw
\m«p-\-·-X³ ]-¨-¯p-cp¯p-t]mÂ
{]-f-b-ti-jw \mw ho-sï-Sp-¡-Ww
kw-L-t_m-[-¯n-eq-sS \mw
k-¦-S-¡-SÂ \o-´n-¡-S¡Ww
a-X-§-fnÃm-¯ a-Xn-ep-I-fnÃm¯
an-gn-Ifneq-sSm-cp tem-Iw ]p-ecWw
kzm-À-° Nn-´-bm A-Xn-cn-«
a-Xn-ep-IÄ H-cp am{X-sImïp
P-e-tc-J-bmIsh
H-¯p tN-cp-ao Iq-Sm-c-¡ognÂ
kp-J Zpx-J-sam-gn-I-fnÂ
{ip-Xn-tN-cp--sXmcp cm-K-a-tÃm..
A¸-t\cw
aªp-cp-Ip kÔy
cm{Xn-bpsS
ssZÀLy-¯n\v
cpNn-tb-dp-p...!
_nPp.Sn
Fsâ izmk-§Ä¡v
t]mepw hne-§p-IÄ
kuc-bqYwþ,
]I-ens\ th«-sNbvXv
cï-ä-§-fn-se-¯msX
]I¨p t]mbv....!
iq\y-ambv
N{I-hmfw
FI-\mbv Rm\pw!
C´y³-{Sq¯v |12

CâÀs‐\-ä‐v‐:
s‐s‐I¸‐n-S‐n-b‐n-e‐m¡‐m‐w
H«‐n-¸‐n-S‐n-¡‐ms‐X
INTERNET
BZÀi‐v a‐mX‐y‐p-h‐n-s‐\b‐p‐w I‐q«‐ns‐¡‐mï‐v
Ahs‐â a‐mX‐m-]‐n-X‐m-
¡Ä Fs‐ I‐mW‐m³ hX‐v Ig‐n-ªb‐m-g‐vN-b‐m-W‐v.
t‐Ic-f-¯‐ns‐e {‐]a‐pJ F³P‐n-\‐o-b-d‐n‐wK‐v
t‐I‐mt‐f-P‐n cï‐m‐w hÀj h‐nZ‐y‐mÀ°‐nb‐mW‐v
BZÀi‐v. ]t‐£ Ct‐¸‐m-gs‐¯ {‐]
i‐v\‐w h‐oU‐nt‐b‐m s‐Kb‐n-a‐m-W‐v. c‐m{‐X‐n ]
{‐´-ïc Ig‐n-b‐p-t‐h‐mf‐w e‐m]‐v t‐S‐m¸‐n-\‐pa‐p-‐nÂ
h‐oU‐nt‐b‐m s‐Kb‐na‐p‐w If‐n-¨‐nc‐n-
¡‐p‐w.^Ì‐v Cb-d‐ns‐e ]e t‐]¸-d‐p-If‐p‐w
k¹‐n-s‐aâ-d‐n-b‐m-W‐v. ¢‐mk‐n {‐i² X‐os‐c
I‐pd-h‐v. c‐mh‐ns‐e Fg‐p-t‐ä‐m [‐rX‐n-b‐nÂ
{‐]`‐mX I‐rX‐y-§Ä \‐nÀÆ-l‐n¨ t‐ij‐w
t‐{‐_¡‐v ^‐mÌ‐p‐w Ig‐n¨‐v t‐\s‐c t‐I‐mt‐f-
P‐n-t‐e-¡‐v BZÀi‐ns‐â P\\‐w a‐pX-e‐pÅ
I‐mc‐y-§Ä a‐mX‐m-]‐n-X‐m-¡-t‐f‐mS‐v t‐N‐mZ‐n-¨d‐n-ª‐p.
cï‐p-t‐]c‐p‐w Dt‐Z‐y‐m-K-Ø-c‐m-W‐v.
I‐pª‐ns‐e s‐I‐m¨‐p Ic-b‐p-t‐¼‐mÄ S‐n.-h‐nb‐nÂ
I‐mÀ«‐q¬ h¨‐p-s‐I‐m-S‐p-¡‐p-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
H¸‐w s‐s‐Ib‐n Hc‐p ]‐m¡ä‐v _‐nk‐vIä‐p‐w.
k‐vI‐qÄ h‐n«‐p-h-‐me‐p‐w a‐mX‐m-]‐n-X‐m-¡-
s‐f-¯‐m³ s‐s‐hI‐p--X‐n-\‐m AX‐p-hs‐c
S‐n.-h‐n.-b‐ps‐S a‐p¼‐n-e‐m-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p‐w. k‐va‐mÀ«‐v
t‐^‐mW‐p-I-f‐ps‐S hc-t‐h‐ms‐S S‐n.-h‐n-s‐¡‐m¸‐w
CâÀs‐\ä‐p‐w t‐k‐mj‐y a‐oU‐n-b‐m-b‐p‐w.
s‐a‐ms‐s‐_ s‐Kb‐n-a‐p-If‐p‐w Ahs‐â t‐e‐mIt‐¯¡‐v
IS-‐p-h-‐p. I‐q«‐p-I‐mÀ I‐pd-ª‐p.
GX‐p I‐mc‐y-¯‐ne‐p‐w k‐wi-b-\‐n-hÀ¯‐n-h-c‐p-¯‐m³ K‐qK‐nf‐ns‐\
B{‐i-b‐n-¡‐p--h-c‐p->‐v. Hc‐p I‐mc‐y‐w a\-Ê‐n-e‐m-¡‐p-I. ]
e s‐h_‐vs‐s‐k-ä‐p-I-f‐n-s‐eb‐p‐w aä‐p‐w ka‐m-\-h‐n-j-b-¯‐n-e‐pÅ
h‐nh-c-§Ä I‐mW‐n-¨‐p-X-c‐p-I-b‐m-W‐v. K‐qK‐nÄ s‐N¿‐p--X‐v. Chs‐bÃ‐m‐w
B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-a‐m-I-W-s‐a-‐n-Ã. AX‐n-\‐m s‐h_‐vs‐s‐kä‐ns‐â
I‐qS‐n B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-IX ]c‐n-t‐i‐m-[‐n-¨-t‐i-j-a‐m-hW‐w h‐nhc-§Ä
k‐z‐oI-c‐n-¡‐m³.
a‐p³s‐]‐ms‐¡ s‐s‐hI‐p-t‐-c-§-f‐n I‐q«‐p-I‐mÀs‐¡‐m¸‐w
If‐n-¡‐m³ ka‐o-]s‐¯ {‐K‐uï‐n t‐]‐mI‐p-a‐m-b‐n-c‐p-‐p.
s‐a‐ms‐s‐_-e‐n-t‐\‐m-S‐pÅ N§‐m¯‐w Gd‐n-b-t‐X‐ms‐S a‐pd‐n-¡‐p-
Å‐n AS-¨‐n-c‐p‐v b‐qS‐y‐q_‐p‐w s‐^b‐vkv-_‐p¡‐p‐w h‐mS‐vk‐v-
B¸‐p‐w s‐Kb‐n-a‐p-I-f‐p-s‐a-Ã‐m-a‐mb‐n k‐z´‐w t‐e‐mI‐w Hc‐p¡‐n
BZÀi‐v. Ah‐ns‐S I‐pS‐p‐w-_‐m‐w-K-§Ät‐]‐me‐p‐w A\‐y-c‐mb‐n.
h‐o«‐ns‐e k‐wk‐m-c‐w-t‐]‐me‐p‐w I‐pd-ª‐p. `£W‐w
t‐]‐me‐p‐w A½-a‐p-d‐n-b‐n-t‐e-s‐¡-¯‐n-¨-t‐X‐ms‐S s‐a‐ms‐s‐_Â
k‐v{‐I‐o\‐n I®‐p‐w \«‐mb‐n `£W‐w Ig‐n-¡‐p--X‐p-t‐]‐me‐p‐w.
CX‐n-\‐n-S-b‐n-e‐mW‐v k‐wk‐m-ch‐p‐w CâÀs‐\ä‐p‐w k‐uP-
\‐y-a‐m-b‐n-s‐¡‐mï‐v k‐vs‐]j‐y H‐m^-d‐p-a‐mb‐n “P‐nt‐b‐m‐’
c‐wK-¯‐p-h--X‐v. AX‐p-hs‐c AX‐y‐m-h-i‐y-¯‐n\‐v Hc‐p
a‐mk-t‐¯¡‐v 19_‐n t‐Uä D]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¨‐p-s‐I‐m-ï‐n-c‐p
BZÀi‐n\‐v A¬e‐n-a‐n-äU‐v t‐Uä‐m b‐qt‐kP‐v CâÀs‐\-
ä‐ns‐â ]‐pX‐nb h‐mX‐n-e‐p-IÄ X‐pd-‐p-s‐I‐m-S‐p-¯‐p.
s‐k_‐n³.-Fk‐v s‐I‐m«‐mc‐w
At‐X‐ms‐S P‐nt‐b‐m S‐n.-h‐nb‐p‐w P‐nt‐b‐m k‐n\‐n-ab‐p‐w P‐nt‐b‐m
a‐mK-k‐n\‐p‐w P‐nt‐b‐m \‐y‐qk‐p-s‐aÃ‐m‐w I‐mg‐vN-I-f‐n-t‐e¡‐v
BZÀi‐ns‐\ AS‐p-¸‐n-¨-t‐¸‐mÄ a‐pg‐p-h³ ka-bh‐p‐w I‐p¼‐n«
Xe-b‐p-a‐mb‐n t‐^‐mW‐n-\‐p-a‐p³]‐n-e‐m-b‐n. {‐]a‐pJ N‐m\-e‐p-
I-s‐fÃ‐m‐w t‐^‐mW‐n e`‐y-a‐mbt‐X‐ms‐S k‐z‐oI-c-W-a‐pd‐n-b‐ns‐e
S‐n.-h‐n-I‐m-WÂ I‐pd-ª‐p. ]Ic‐w FÃ‐m-ä‐n\‐p‐w
s‐a‐ms‐s‐_-e‐m-b‐n.
c‐mh‐ns‐e Fg‐p-t‐-ä‐m {‐]‐mÀ°‐n-¡‐p--X‐n\‐p‐w a‐p¼‐v
BZ‐y‐w t‐\‐m¡‐p-X‐v k‐va‐mÀ«‐v t‐^‐mW‐n-t‐e¡‐mW‐v. Xt‐e‐v
A]‐vt‐e‐mU‐v s‐Nb‐vX t‐^‐mt‐«‐mb‐v¡‐v F{‐X s‐s‐e¡‐p‐w
Iaâ‐p‐w I‐n«‐n-s‐b‐v s‐^b‐vk‐v_‐p-¡‐n t‐\‐m«‐w. t‐S‐mb‐vs‐eä‐nÂ
t‐]‐mI‐p-X‐p‐w t‐^‐mW‐p-a‐m-b‐mW‐v . h‐mS‐vk‐v-B-¸‐ns‐e
s‐at‐k-P‐p-IÄ X‐nc-b-e‐mW‐v AS‐p¯ t‐P‐me‐n. t‐I‐mt‐f-
P‐n-s‐e-¯‐n-b‐me‐p‐w ¢‐mk‐n-\‐n-S-b‐nÂt‐]‐me‐p‐w ad-¨‐p-h¨‐v
C´y³-{Sq¯v |13

t‐^‐mW‐n-e‐mW‐v I®‐v. s‐s‐hI‐p-t‐c‐w h‐o«‐n-s‐e-¯‐n-b‐mÂ
c‐m{‐X‐n s‐s‐hI‐p-t‐h‐mf‐w s‐Kb‐n-a‐p-I-f‐p-a‐mb‐n s‐a‐ms‐s‐_-e‐ne‐p‐w
e‐m]‐vt‐S‐m-¸‐ne‐p‐w Xs‐ P‐oh‐n-X‐w.
Ct‐¸‐mÄ k¼‐qÀ® CâÀs‐\-ä‐vþ t‐k‐mj‐yÂa‐o-U‐n-bþ
s‐Kb‐n‐w AU‐n-I‐vS‐v.
aZ‐y-]‐m-\h‐p‐w ab-¡‐p-a-c‐p-‐p-t‐]‐ms‐e Xs‐ \‐nb-{‐´‐n-t‐¡-
ï-X‐mW‐v. CâÀs‐\ä‐v AU‐n-£\‐p‐w C‐v GX‐p h‐nh-ch‐p‐w
CâÀs‐\-ä‐n e`‐y-a‐m-I‐p‐w. F‐m B h‐nh-c-§-f‐ns‐e
B[‐n-I‐m-c‐nX Hc‐n-¡e‐p‐w Dd-¸‐p-]-d-b‐m-\‐m-h‐n-Ã.
"h‐n¡‐n ]‐oU‐nb‐' t‐]‐ms‐e h‐nh‐n[ I‐mc‐y-§s‐f¡‐pd‐n¨‐p
h‐nh-c-§Ä \ÂI‐p CâÀs‐\ä‐v t‐{‐k‐mX-Ê‐ns‐e h‐nhc-§Ä
t‐]‐me‐p‐w I‐q«‐n-t‐¨À¡-s‐¸-S‐m-\‐pÅ k‐m[‐yX
h‐n¡‐n-]‐o-U‐n-b‐m-b‐n DÄs‐¸s‐S Dï‐v. \‐y‐qk‐v t‐]‐mÀ«-
e‐p-I-s‐f‐v Ah-I‐m-i-s‐¸«‐v h‐mÀ¯ \ÂI‐p ]e
t‐kh\ Z‐mX‐m-¡Ä¡‐p‐w B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-X-b‐n-Ã. ]{‐X\‐y‐qk‐v
t‐]‐mÀ«-e‐p-I-s‐f‐v þA-h-I‐m-i-s‐¸«‐v h‐mÀ¯ \ÂI‐p
]e t‐kh-\-Z‐m-X‐m-¡Ä¡‐p‐w B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-X-b‐n-Ã. ]
{‐X-§f‐p‐w N‐m\-e‐p-If‐p‐w {‐]k‐v I‐u¬k‐n H‐m^‐v C´‐yb‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w
t‐{‐_‐mU‐v I‐mÌ‐n‐wK‐v a‐n\‐n-k‐v{‐S‐o-b‐p-s‐Sb‐p‐w \‐nb-
{‐´-W-¯‐ne‐p‐w \‐nc‐o-£-W-¯‐ne‐p‐w {‐]hÀ¯‐n-¡‐p-t‐¼‐mÄ
N‐ne s‐h_‐vt‐]‐mÀ«-e‐p-IÄ b‐ms‐X‐m-c‐p-h‐n[ A‐wK‐o-I‐m-c-h‐pa‐n-Ã‐ms‐X
{‐]hÀ¯‐n-¡‐p--h-b‐m-W‐v.
GX‐p I‐mc‐y-¯‐ne‐p‐w k‐wi-b-\‐n-hÀ¯‐n-h-c‐p-¯‐m³ K‐qK‐nf‐ns‐\
B{‐i-b‐n-¡‐p--h-c‐p-ï‐v. Hc‐p I‐mc‐y‐w a\-Ê‐n-e‐m-¡‐p-I.
]e s‐h_‐vs‐s‐k-ä‐p-I-f‐n-s‐eb‐p‐w aä‐p‐w ka‐m-\-h‐n-j-b-
¯‐n-e‐pÅ h‐nh-c-§Ä I‐mW‐n-¨‐p-X-c‐p-I-b‐m-W‐v. K‐qK‐nÄ
s‐N¿‐p--X‐v. Ch-s‐bÃ‐m‐w B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-a‐m-I-W-s‐a-‐n-Ã.
AX‐n-\‐m s‐h_‐vs‐s‐k-ä‐ns‐â I‐qS‐n B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-IX ]
c‐n-t‐i‐m-[‐n-¨-t‐i-j-a‐m-hW‐w h‐nh-c-§Ä k‐z‐oI-c‐n-¡‐m³.
s‐a‐ms‐s‐_Â s‐Kb‐n-a‐p-IÄ If‐n-¡‐m-\‐mb‐n I‐p«‐n-I-f‐ps‐S
s‐s‐II-f‐n-t‐e¡‐v ]e a‐mX‐m-]‐n-X‐m-¡f‐p‐w t‐^‐mW‐p-IÄ
s‐I‐mS‐p-¡‐m-d‐p-ï‐v. CX‐v s‐Kb‐n‐w AU‐n-£-\‐n-t‐e¡‐p‐w aä‐p‐w
\b‐n-¡‐p-s‐a‐v a\-Ê‐n-e‐m-¡‐p-I. H‐mÀ½-¡‐p-d-h‐v‐, {‐i²-
¡‐p-d-h‐v‐, Ae-k-X‐, aS‐n F‐n-hb‐v¡ s‐Kb‐n‐w AU‐n-
£³ I‐mc-W-a‐m-I‐p‐w. H¸‐w I‐p«‐n-Is‐f hg‐n-s‐X-ä‐n-¡‐p
s‐h_‐vs‐s‐k-ä‐p-I-f‐n-t‐e¡‐p‐w b‐qS‐y‐q-_‐ns‐e AÇ‐o-e-{‐]-ZÀi-
\-§-f‐n-t‐e-¡‐p-s‐aÃ‐m‐w I‐p«‐n-IÄ s‐N‐p h‐og‐m³ \‐nb-{‐´-
W-a‐n-Ã‐m¯ CâÀs‐\ä‐v D]-t‐b‐mK‐w hg‐n-s‐X-f‐n-b‐n-¡‐p-‐p.
AX‐n-\‐m a‐mX‐m-]‐n-X‐m-¡-f‐ps‐S \‐nc‐o-£-W-¯‐n-e‐m-hW‐w
I‐p«‐n-IÄ s‐a‐ms‐s‐_Â t‐^‐m¬ D]-t‐b‐m-K‐n-t‐¡-ï-X‐v.
AS‐p¯ I‐me¯‐v C´‐y-b‐n Ht‐«s‐d I‐p«‐n-Is‐f ac-W-
¯‐n-t‐e¡‐v \b‐n¨ "»‐qs‐h-b‐nÂ' t‐]‐me‐pÅ s‐Kb‐n-a‐p-I-s‐f-
¡‐p-d‐n¨‐v a‐p-d‐n-b‐n¸‐p‐w t‐_‐m[-h¡-c-Wh‐p‐w \ÂI‐m‐w.
F{‐X X‐nc-¡‐p-IÄ¡‐nS-b‐ne‐p‐w I‐pS‐p‐w-_‐m‐w-K-§Äs‐¡‐m¸‐w
C^-I‐vS‐o-h‐mb‐n kab‐w s‐Ne-h-g‐n-¨‐m I‐p«‐n-IÄ I‐q«‐pt‐XS‐n
aä‐p hg‐n-IÄ X‐nc-b‐n-Ã. h‐mb\ hÀ[‐n-¸‐n-¡‐p-I-b‐mW‐v
CâÀs‐\ä‐v AU‐n-£³ I‐pd-b‐v¡‐m-\‐pÅ as‐ä‐mc‐p hg‐n.
\à {‐]t‐N‐m-Z-\‐m-ß-I‐, P‐oh-N-c‐n-{‐X‐, Bß‐ob {‐KÙ-§Ä
h‐mb‐n-¡‐p-X‐v a\-k‐n\‐v DWÀt‐h-I‐p‐w. At‐X kab‐w
h‐m«‐vk‐v-B-¸‐v‐, s‐^b‐vk‐v _‐q¡‐v F‐n-h-b‐n hc‐p--
t‐^‐mÀt‐h-UU‐v s‐at‐k-P‐p-If‐n a‐m{‐X-a‐mb‐n h‐mb-\s‐b
HX‐p-¡‐n-b‐m \‐n§-f-d‐n-b‐ms‐X s‐Xä‐mb h‐nh-c-§-f‐p-s‐SX‐p‐w
A\‐m-h-i‐yh‐p‐w \‐n§Ä¡‐v D]-I‐m-c-{‐]-ZaÃ‐m¯-X‐p-a‐mb
h‐nh-c-§-f‐ps‐S s‐Nd‐nb t‐e‐mI-¯‐mI‐p‐w P‐oh‐n-¡‐p-I.
I‐mc-W‐w‐, h‐nZ-K‐v²-c‐ps‐S A`‐n-{‐]‐m-b-§-s‐f t‐]c‐nÂ
t‐k‐mj‐yÂa‐o-U‐n-b‐m-b‐n-e‐qs‐S ]c-¡‐p h‐nh-c-§f‐p‐w
B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-a-s‐Ã‐p a‐m{‐X-aà Bf‐p-Is‐f hg‐n-s‐X-ä‐n-¡‐p-
-X‐p-a‐m-W‐v. AX‐n-\‐mÂ‐, B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-IX Dd-¸‐p-h-c‐p-¯‐p
h‐m«‐vk‐v-B¸‐v {‐K‐q¸‐p-I-f‐ns‐e h‐nh-c-§Ä k‐z‐oI-c‐n-¡‐p-I.
N‐mä‐n‐wK‐p‐w aä‐p‐w s‐hd‐ps‐X kab‐w If-b‐p--X‐m-s‐W‐v
a\-Ê‐n-e‐m¡‐n \‐nb-{‐´‐n-¡‐p-I. At‐X-k-ab‐w CâÀs‐\-
ä‐ns‐e t‐]‐mk‐n-ä‐o-h‐mb k‐m[‐y-X-IÄ D]-t‐b‐m-K-s‐¸-S‐p-¯‐p-I.
Gs‐X-¦‐ne‐p‐w ]T-\-h‐n-j-b-t‐¯-¡‐p-d‐n¨‐v I‐qS‐p-X-e-d‐n-b‐m³ ‐,
ef‐n-X-a‐mb‐n a\-Ê‐n-e‐m-¡‐m³ B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-I-a‐mb‐n b‐qS‐y‐q_‐v
N‐m\-e‐p-IÄ I‐mW‐m-h‐p--X‐m-W‐v. IELTS, TOEFL, s‐aU‐n-
¡Â‐, F©‐n-\‐o-b-d‐n‐wK‐v {‐]t‐h-i-\-]-c‐o-£-IÄ‐, k‐nh‐nÂ
kÀÆ‐ok‐v X‐pS§‐n h‐nh‐n[ t‐aJ-e-I-f‐pa‐mb‐n _Ô-s‐¸«‐v
t‐I‐m¨‐n‐wM‐v \ÂI‐p s‐a‐ms‐s‐_Â B¹nt‐¡-j-\‐p-IÄ
C‐v k‐va‐mÀ«‐v t‐^‐mW‐p-I-f‐ne‐p-ï‐v. Ch C³t‐Ì‐mÄ s‐N¿‐p-
X‐v ]T\‐w Ff‐p-¸-a‐m-¡‐p‐w.
s‐a‐ms‐s‐_ B¸‐p-IÄ A\-h-[‐n-b‐p-Å-X‐n-\‐m Ah F{‐X
t‐]À U‐u¬t‐e‐mU‐v s‐Nb‐vX‐n-«‐p-ï‐v. a‐p¼‐v U‐u¬t‐e‐mU‐v
s‐Nb‐vX-h-c‐ps‐S A`‐n-{‐]‐m-b-§Ä F‐nh ]c‐n-t‐i‐m-[‐n-¨t‐ij‐w
t‐hW‐w U‐u¬t‐e‐mU‐v s‐N¿‐m³ DZ‐m-l-c-W-
¯‐n\‐v‐, s‐s‐_P‐qk‐v B¸‐v t‐]‐me‐p-Åh h‐nZ‐y‐m-`‐y‐mk
c‐wK¯‐v hfs‐c t‐]‐m¸‐p-e-d‐m-W‐n-‐v.
H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ hg‐n-b‐pÅ kÀ«‐n-^‐n-¡ä‐v t‐I‐mg‐vk‐p-IÄ‐,
s‐hº‐n-\‐m-d‐p-IÄ (H‐m¬s‐s‐e-\-e‐q-s‐S-b‐pÅ s‐ka‐n-\‐mÀ‐)
X‐pS§‐n H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ S‐y‐qj³ hs‐c C‐v ]T\‐w Ff‐p-¸a‐m-¡‐p-‐p.
h‐nt‐Z-i-¯‐pÅ h‐nZ‐y‐mÀ°‐n-IÄ¡‐v k‐vs‐s‐I¸‐v‐,
h‐m«‐vk‐v-B¸‐v h‐oU‐n-t‐b‐m-t‐I‐mÄ a‐pX-e-b‐mh hg‐n-b‐mb‐n
S‐y‐qj-s‐\-S‐p-¡‐p Ht‐«s‐d A[‐y‐m-]-IÀ C‐v t‐Ic-f-¯‐ne‐p-ï‐v.
X‐nc‐n¨‐p‐w h‐nZ-K‐v²-c‐ps‐S ¢‐mk‐p-IÄ C‐v C¯c‐w
a‐m[‐y-a-§-f‐n-e‐qs‐S e`‐y-a‐m-W‐v.
_‐m¦‐n‐w-K‐v‐, Cþ-s‐I‐m-t‐ag‐vk‐v a‐pXÂ t‐l‐m«Â _‐p¡‐n‐w-K‐n\‐p‐w
S‐mI‐vk‐n-_‐p-¡‐n‐w-K‐n\‐p‐w t‐U‐mI‐vSs‐d _‐p¡‐v s‐N¿‐m³
hs‐c C‐v CâÀs‐\ä‐v he‐nb kl‐m-b-a‐m-W‐v. t‐e‐mI-
¯‐ns‐e Gäh‐p‐w he‐nb k¼--\‐mb s‐P^‐v s‐_t‐k‐mk‐v
H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ h‐y‐m]‐mc i‐r‐wJ-e-b‐mb Ba-t‐k‐m-W‐ns‐â
_‐n.-C.H BW‐v. H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ CS-]‐m-S‐p-IÄ C‐v hfs‐c
t‐hK-¯‐n-e‐mW‐v h‐y‐m]‐n-¡‐p--X‐v. H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ h‐y‐m]‐mc
i‐rwJ-e-b‐mb Ba-t‐k‐m-W‐ns‐â k‐n.-C.H H‐m¬s‐s‐e³ CS-
]‐m-S‐p-IÄ C‐v hfs‐c t‐hK-¯‐n-e‐mW‐v h‐y‐m]‐n-¡‐p--X‐v.
AX‐p-s‐I‐m-ï‐p-Xs‐ k‐pc£‐m a‐p³I-c‐p-X-e‐p-I-s‐f-S‐p-¯‐ns‐Ã-¦‐nÂ
\‐n§-f‐ps‐S ]W‐w \j‐vS-s‐¸-S‐m‐w. H‐m¬s‐s‐e³
_‐m¦‐n‐w-K‐ns‐â ]‐mk‐vt‐hU‐p‐w b‐qkÀs‐\-b‐na‐p‐w aä‐p‐w
BÀ¡‐p‐w \ÂI-c‐p-X‐v. _‐m¦‐n \‐n‐m-s‐W‐v ]dª‐v
t‐]‐me‐p‐w N‐ne-t‐¸‐mÄ h‐y‐mP-h‐n-f‐n-IÄ h‐me‐p‐w h‐nh-c-
§Ä s‐s‐Ia‐m-d-c‐p-X‐v.
B{‐^‐n-¡-b‐ns‐e he‐n-s‐b‐mc‐p t‐I‐mS‐o-i‐z-cs‐â aI-f‐m-W‐v.
Fs‐â k‐z¯‐v P‐oh-I‐m-c‐p-W‐y-{‐]-hÀ¯-\-¯‐n\‐v C´‐y-b‐nÂ
h‐n\‐n-t‐b‐m-K‐n-¡‐m³ B{‐Kl‐n¡‐p-‐p. AX‐n\‐v X‐m¦-s‐fs‐
kl‐mb‐n¡‐pt‐a‐m F Xc-¯‐n C.-s‐a-b‐n-e‐n hc‐p
h‐y‐mP s‐at‐k-P‐p-I-f‐ns‐e NX‐n-b‐n h‐og‐m-X‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-I. N‐net‐¸‐mÄ
\pW-b‐ps‐S AS‐p¯ _Ô‐ph‐n-s‐ât‐b‐m k‐pl‐r-¯‐ns‐ât‐b‐m
]‐mg‐vk C.-s‐a-b‐n-e‐nÂ\‐n‐v ]W‐w t‐N‐mZ‐n¨‐v
s‐at‐k-P‐p-IÄ ht‐-¡‐m‐w. AX‐ns‐â B[‐n-I‐m-c‐n-IX
Dd-¸‐p-h-c‐p-¯‐nb t‐ij‐w {‐]hÀ¯‐n-¡‐p-I. N‐ne-t‐¸‐mÄ
B C.-s‐a-b‐n s‐FU‐n-b‐n Ibd‐n l‐m¡Àa‐m-c‐mI‐p‐w ]
W‐w Ih-c‐m³ {‐ia‐n-¡‐p--X‐v. K‐qK‐nÄa‐m-¸‐n-t‐\b‐p‐w aä‐p‐w
B{‐i-b‐n¨‐v b‐m{‐X-s‐N-¿‐p-t‐¼‐mÄ t‐^‐mW‐n Bh-i‐y-
¯‐n\‐v _‐mä-d‐n-N‐mÀÖ‐p‐w t‐Uä‐m _‐me³k‐p-a‐p-s‐ï‐v
Dd-¸‐p-h-c‐p-¯‐p-I. H¸‐w CâÀs‐\-ä‐n-Ã‐m¯ Øe-¯‐p-I‐qS‐n
t‐]‐mI‐p-t‐¼‐m-g‐pÅ d‐q«‐v a‐m¸‐p‐w a\-Ê‐n-e‐m-¡‐n-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p-I.
K‐qK‐nÄa‐m-¸‐ns‐\ a‐m{‐X‐w B{‐i-b‐n-¡‐ms‐X t‐]‐mt‐Iï
d‐q«‐n-t‐\-¡‐p-d‐n¨‐v t‐\cs‐¯ h‐yà-a‐mb [‐mc-W-b‐p-ï‐mb‐n-c‐n-¡-W‐w.
As‐Ã-¦‐n Ff‐p-¸-a‐pÅ d‐q«‐mb‐n K‐qK‐nÄ
hg‐n I‐mW‐n-¡‐p-X‐v t‐a‐mi‐w hg‐n-I-f‐n-e‐q-s‐S-b‐m-b‐n-c‐n-¡‐p‐w.
P‐oh‐n-X-¯‐ne‐p‐w hg‐n-s‐X-ä‐m-X‐n-c‐n-¡‐m³‐, ic‐n-b‐mb hg‐n-IÄ
s‐Xc-s‐ª-S‐p-¡‐m‐w.
([‐o-c-X-b‐v¡‐pÅ C´‐y³ {‐]k‐n-U-ï‐n-s‐â s‐aUe‐p‐w
C´‐y-b‐ns‐e Gäh‐p‐w a‐nI¨ a‐m[‐y-a-{‐]-hÀ¯-I-\‐pÅ
`‐mc-X-kÀ¡‐m-c‐ns‐â ]c-t‐a‐m-X _l‐p-a-X‐nb‐p‐w t‐\S‐n-b‐n-
«‐pÅ c‐mP‐y‐m-´c t‐a‐m«‐n-t‐h-j-\Â k‐v]‐o¡d‐p‐w s‐s‐k_À
s‐s‐kt‐¡‐m-f-P‐nÌ‐p‐w Cc‐p-]-¯-t‐©‐mf‐w P‐oh‐n-X-¯‐ns‐e
h‐nP-b-{‐K-Ù-§-f‐ps‐S cN-b‐n-X‐m-h‐p-a‐mW‐v t‐eJ-I³‐).
C´y³-{Sq¯v |14

C´y³-{Sq-¯v t\m-h ]p-c-kv-Im-cw kaÀ-¸n¨p
t‐I‐mg‐nt‐¡‐mS‐v: C´‐y³ {‐S‐q¯‐v 2017‐, 18 hÀjs‐¯ {‐]
X‐n`‐m ]‐pck-‐vI‐mc‐w c‐mt‐P{‐µ³ FS¯‐p‐w Icb‐ps‐S
"R‐m\‐p‐w _‐p²\‐p‐w‐', F t‐\‐mhe‐n\‐v k½‐m\‐n¨‐p. t‐]
c‐m{‐¼e‐qW‐mÀ H‐mU‐nt‐ä‐md‐nb¯‐n \S NS§‐nÂ
s‐X‐mg‐n FI‐vs‐s‐kk‐v hI‐p¸‐v a{‐´‐n
S‐n.]‐n.c‐maI‐rj‐vW³ ]‐pck-‐vI‐mc‐w h‐nXcW‐w \S¯‐n.
5001 c‐q]b‐p‐w i‐n¸h‐p‐w AS§‐pX‐mW‐v ]‐pck-‐vI‐mc‐w.
c‐m[I‐rj‐vW³ N‐me‐n¡c
A[‐y£\‐mb‐n.c‐m[I‐rj‐vW³ FSt‐¨c‐n ]‐pk‐vXI‐w ]
c‐nNbs‐¸S‐p¯‐n. c‐mt‐P{‐µ³FS¯‐p‐wIc‐, ]‐n. _‐me³
AS‐nt‐b‐mS‐n‐, I‐ng‐nª‐mW‐y‐w I‐p¯‐nc‐ma³‐,
k‐n.]‐n.F.Ak‐ok‐v‐, S‐n.i‐nhZ‐mk³‐,s‐I.s‐I.cP‐oj‐v‐,
s‐I.s‐I.t‐{‐]a³‐, Ae¦‐mÀ `‐mk-‐vIc³ ‐,_‐m_‐p
s‐s‐Ie‐mk‐v‐, h‐n.s‐I.`‐mk-‐vIc³ ‐,I‐pªÐ‐pÅ h‐mf‐qÀ‐,
F. s‐I. Xd‐phb‐v l‐mP‐n‐, kX‐y³ {‐]b‐mK‐v‐,
k‐n.s‐I.k‐pt‐cj‐v‐, s‐I.s‐I.Z‐nh‐mIc³‐, _‐n\‐ps‐Nd‐p
t‐h‐m«‐v‐, j‐n_‐n³ t‐S‐mt‐¸g‐vk‐v‐, ii‐n I‐ng¡³ t‐]
c‐m{‐¼‐,C.F‐w._‐m_‐p‐, t‐ZhZ‐mk‐v t‐]c‐m{‐¼ F‐nhÀ {‐]
k‐wK‐n¨‐p.]‐n.Fk‐v.k‐n ]c‐o£b‐n DbÀ d‐m¦‐v
t‐\S‐nb N‐pa«‐v s‐X‐mg‐ne‐mf‐n k‐p`‐mj‐v _‐m_‐ph‐ns‐\
a{‐´‐n BZc‐n¨‐p.X‐pSÀ‐v \S Ih‐nbc§‐v K‐wK‐m[c³
I‐q¯‐mf‐n DZ‐vL‐mS\‐w s‐Nb‐vX‐p.{‐i‐o[c³ I‐q¯‐mf‐n
A[‐y£\‐mb‐n.P‐n. F³ t‐I‐mt‐Sc‐n‐, S‐n.F‐w
_‐meI‐rj‐vW³‐, N{‐I]‐mW‐n I‐pä‐y‐mS‐n‐, {‐i‐o[c³ {‐i‐o
Ie F‐nhÀ ]s‐¦S‐p¯‐p.
C´y³-{Sq¯v |15

INDIANTRUTH NEWS EVENING DAILY MALAYALAM 2018 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER PRICE `20. PAGES : 24
A1A49476/16, RNI NO: 1303617 KERMAL16043