پی دی اف گیاهان دارویی عطاری آنلاین عطارمارت

شبكه خبرى آموزشى گياهان دارويى
FIGURE 21 Large scale clove distillation plant at ZTSC, Zanzibar. The state owned trading
company has lost its former prominence in the global clove spice and oil market, which was
based on a government monopoly on Tanzanian cloves, with small-scale farmers selling
their cloves at prices set by ZTSC.
(Photo by M. Jack)
the problem or leave it in the residue,
unless the contamination is volatile
(some pesticide residues) or soluble in
the oleoresin solvent, like mycotoxins.
Crops such as paprika and chillies have
been successfully grown in a number
of countries by contracting small-scale
farmers, with oleoresin extraction
being done in the producer country,
or with the baled dried spice exported
by the contractor for processing.
• Grinding
Milling can be done by simple hammer
or plate mills on farm to temperature
controlled equipment used by
some spice plants. Milling reduces
volumes, and thus transport costs,
and may be appropriate in some cases
but care needs to be taken as once
ground the spice will lose flavour and
colour more quickly. Often buyers
prefer whole spices since they are
harder to adulterate.
• Oil extraction
Extraction of volatile oils from
product by steam distillation results
in product with a higher value/
weight ratio. As with wine, chemical
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