C¥y-bnse kpdn-bm-\nk-`mN-cn{Xw - Mor Adai Study Center-Home

C¥y-bnse 

kpdn-bm-\n-k-`m-N-cn{Xw 

{KŸ-Im-c≥ 

]cn-ip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v 

XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I≥ 

tUm. amØn aqkm 

ae-bmfw ]cn-`m-j-I≥ 

tP°_v h¿Kokv am∂m-°p-gn-bn¬ 

kwtim-[-I≥ 

tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

{]km-[-I¿ 

tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚¿ 

Nocw-Nnd, Nß-\m-ticn 

686 106 

1

C¥ybnse kpdn-bm\n k`m-N-cn{Xw 

History of the Syrian Church in India 

(Malayalam) 

Author: H.H. Ignatius Yacoob III 

English Translator: Matti Moosa 

Malayalam Translator: Jacob Varghese, Mannakuzhiyil 

Editor: Dr. Kuriakose Corepiscopa Moolayil 

M.A. (Syriac), D.H.M.S., D.Min. (Chicago) 

Publisher (English-2009): Gorgias Press, NJ, USA 

(Malayalam-2010): Mor Adai Study Centre, 

Cheeranchira, Changanacherry 686 106 

Kerala 686 106, Ph: 944 620 3002 

E-mail: moolelachen@yahoo.com 

Printed at : D C Press (P) Ltd., Kottayam, Kerala, India. 

Price ` 300.00 

U.S. $ 15.00 

2

ka¿∏Ww 

{KŸ-Im-c-\n¬ sNmcn-n-´p≈ F√m A\p-{K-l-ß-sfbpw{]Xn 

]t{Xm-kns‚ ]n≥Km-anbpw At¥ym-Jym-bp-sSbpw 

Ing-s°ms°bpsSbpw ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kpamb ]cn-ip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv 

At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ kvac-W-bv°mbn Cu IrXn 

ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. kXy-hn-izm-k-ss]-Xr-I-Øns‚ A`n-am-\hpw 

k`-bpsS Poh-ssN-X-\y-{]-Xo-I-hp-ambn At±-lsØ 

ssZhw \ne-\n¿Ø-s´. 

˛˛˛{KŸ-Im-c≥ 

C¥y-bnse k`sb Xs‚ Bfln-I-[n-j-Wbpw hnth-N-\hpw 

B¿P-h-am¿∂ hy‡n-XzhpwsIm≠v GI-\mbn \h-ssN-X\yw 

]I¿∂ tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv ]t{Xmkv \mem-a≥ 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ {]tim-`nX kvac-W-bv°p-ap-∂n¬ ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

˛˛˛Cw•njv ]cn-`m-j-I≥ 

Xs‚ IÆp-\o-cm¬ ae-c k`sb \bn® 

hen-b -Xn-cp-ta\n ]cnip≤ ]utemkv tam¿ 

AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kn-s‚bpw Xs‚ knwl-K¿÷-\-Øm¬ 

ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ \maw DZvtLm-jn® 

anJm-tb¬ tam¿ Zoh-∂mkn-tbm-kn-s‚bpw 

]m-Zm-c-hn-μß-fn¬ Cu ae-bmfw ]Xn∏v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

˛˛˛ae-bmf]cn-`m-j-I≥ 

3


4

ae-bmf]cn-`m-j-Is‚ BapJw 

A_vZ¬ BlmZv dºm-\mbn 1933 apX¬ 1946 hsc ae--c-bn-ep-S- 

\ofw {]kn-≤-\m-bn-cp∂ `mKy-hm-\mb At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

C·m-Øntbmkv bm°q_v XrXob≥ (+1980) Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ 1952-˛-t\mS- 

SpØv {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb ae-_m¿ (a-e--c) k`m-N-cn{Xw 2009 Ah-km- 

\-Øn¬ History of the Syrian Church of India F∂ t]cn¬ Cw•n-jnte°v 

tUm. aØn aqk ]cn-`m-j-s∏-SpØn Ata-cn-°-bn¬ (Gorgias Press, 

New Jersy) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf]cn-`m-jbmWv 

Cu IrXn. 

Hcp Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n F∂-t]mse ae--c-bn¬ Atßm-f-an-tßmfw 

]cy-S\w \SØn In´m-hp∂ tcJ-Iƒ F√mw tiJ-cn-®v, Ah ]I¿Ønsb-Sp-Øv, 

tlmwknepw Ip¿°pam Zb-dm-bnepw Ub¿_-°-dn-ep-≈-h-bpambn 

_‘-s∏-SpØn Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w \SØn kq£va-\n-co-£-W-ß-tfmsS 

Icp-]n-Sn-∏n-®mWv Cu Ncn{Xw {KŸ-Im-c≥ cNn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. {]tXy-In®pw 

tIm´bw CS-h-gn-°¬ IpSpw-_-Ønepw ]mºm-°pS tIm\m´v Xd-hm-ńepw 

an-\n-°c Zb-dm-bnepw ]cn-c-£n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-hbpw km[m-c-W-°m-c\v 

A{]m-]y-hp-am-bn-cp∂ tcJ-I-fmWv Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ apJy B[m-cw. 

IqSm-sX, C´q∏v ssd´¿, C.Fw. ]oen-t∏m-kv, IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ Ipcy≥ 

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m apX-emb ae--c-k-`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°v e`y-am-ImsX 

t]mbXpw ]m{Xn-b¿°m Bÿm-\Øpw a≤y-]q¿h-tZ-i-Ønse tI{μß-fnepw 

]cn-c-£n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xp-amb At\Iw tcJ-Ifpw Cu {KŸ- 

Øn-eqsS shfn-hm-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, am¿tØmam c≠m-as\ 

sa{Xm-\mbn Ah-tcm-[n-®Xv am¿tØmΩ H∂m-a\pw A_vZ¬ Peo¬ 

_mhmbpw tN¿∂mWv F∂mWv F√m-hcpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 

F∂m¬ am¿tØmam c≠m-a≥ At¥ym-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-Øn-te-°-b® 

IØv Ct∏mgpw a¿±o-\n-ep-≠v. AXn¬, A{¥-tbmkv BWv Xs∂ hmgn- 

®Xv F∂v am¿tØmam c≠m-a≥ kzbw ÿncoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXpt]mse 

a‰p ]e-Xpw. 

hmb-\-°m¿ Cu {KŸ-]m-cm-b-W-Øn¬ {i≤n-t°-≠-Xmb Nne 

Imcy-ßƒ {]kvXm-hn-®p-sIm-≈-s´. 

H∂m-a-Xmbn, CXn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p∂ Xob-Xn-Iƒ F√mw-Xs∂ 

Pqen-b≥ Ie-≠¿ {]Imcam-sW-∂p-≈Xv hy‡w. ae--c-bn¬ Ct∏mƒ 

{]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ {KntKm-dn-b≥ Ie-≠¿ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn \S-∏n-em-bXv 

1952-˛-se ]cn-ip≤ At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS 620-˛mw 

5


\º¿ Iev]-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. BI-bm¬ Cu ]pkvXIw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p- 

∂-Xp-h-scbpw Pqen-b≥ Ie-≠¿ Bbn-cp∂p ChnsS ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp-∂Xv. 

Pqen-b≥ Ie-≠-dn¬\n∂pw {KntKm-dn-b≥ Ie-≠-dn-te°v Xob-Xn-Iƒ 

am‰p-∂-Xn\v Ct∏mƒ 13 Znhkw aptºm´v Iqt´-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. DZm-lcW-ambn 

]cn-ip≤ ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n Imew-sN-bvXXv 1902 HIvtSm-_¿ 

20 F∂m-Wv Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-t\mSv 13 Znhkw 

Iqń-bm¬ \hw-_¿ 2 BIpw. AXm-bXv Ct∏mƒ B ]cn-ip-≤s‚ s]cp- 

∂mƒ BtLm-jn-°p∂ Znhkw. 16, 17, \q‰m-≠pIfn¬ 10 Dw 18-˛mw \q‰m- 

≠n¬ 11 Dw 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ 12 Dw Znh-k-ß-fmWv C{]-Imcw Iqt´≠Xv. 

thsdmcp kwKXn Cu {KŸ-Ønse "ae-_m¿' F∂ {]tbm-K-amWv. 

kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn¬ ae--csb ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv "aoen-_m¿' F∂mWv. 

BI-bm¬ Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-sb√mw "ae-_m¿' F∂ {]tbm-Kapt≠m 

Ah-sb√mw Xs∂ ae-c F∂v cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 

DZm-l-cWw: "ae-_m¿ k`', "ae-_m¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ', "ae_m¿ 

aev]m≥' F∂nh bYm-{Iaw ae--c-k-`, ae-c sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø, aec 

aev]m≥ F∂n-h-bmbn amdpw. 

as‰m-∂v, _lp-am-\-kq-N-I-ß-fmb ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ßƒ H∂pw-Xs∂ 

Bcp-sSbpw t]cn-t\msSm∏w tN¿Øn-ń-√. aqe-{K-Ÿ-Ønepw A{]-Im-cam-Wv. 

a\x-]q¿hw Bscbpw Ah-tl-fn-°p-∂-hm-\√; {KŸ-c-N-\-bpsS 

ssien-am-{X-amWv AsX∂v hmb-\-°m¿ a\- n-em-°p-at√m. 

Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ \n∂pw Cw•n-jn-te-°p≈ X¿Pn-a-bn¬ ae--c-bnse 

ÿe-t∏-cp-I-fnepw ho´p-t]-cp-I-fnepw hy‡n-I-fpsS t]cp-I-fnepw hfsc 

cq]-t`-Z-ßƒ h∂n-´p-≠v. Bhp-∂{X Ah bYm¿∞-cq-]-Ønem°m≥ {ian- 

®n-´p-≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw sas{X, Xma-Æ, a√n-°pfw apX-emb ÿe-\m-aßƒ 

IrXy-ambn I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ km[n-®n-ń-√. Nne ho´p-t]-cp-Ifpw 

t]cp-Ifpw A{]-Im-cw-Xs∂. 

IqSmsX, aqe-Ir-Xn-bn¬\n∂pw Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ h∂p-t]m-bn- 

´p-≈Xv F∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp∂ Nne hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb ]ni-Ip-Iƒ Cu 

IrXn-bn¬ Xncp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, ""They met at Mattancheri, 

a town near Cochin on Friday, January 3, 1653 and installed a stone cross 

at a place called Coonen'' F∂mWv Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ \evIn-bn-cn- 

°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse ""Dionysius Mikhai'l was born in the village of 

Kayamkulam on May 16, 1898.... On December 25, 1898 he became a 

Pslater (reader)...'' AXm-bXv 7 amkw am{Xw {]mb-ap-≈-t∏mƒ Zoh-∂mkn-tbmkv 

aoJm-tb¬ tImdqtbm Bbn! C{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]ni-Ip-Iƒ Xncp- 

Øn-b-tijw Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-Is\, ASpØ ]Xn-∏n¬ th≠ Xncp-Øep-Iƒ 

\S-Øm-\mbn Adn-bn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. 

Cu {KŸw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Fs∂ `c-ta-ev]n-®Xv {]km-[- 

I-\mb hμy aqe-bn¬ Ipdn-bm-t°mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bm-Wv. CXv 

6

kwtim-[\w sNbvXXpw A®-Sn-∏n-®Xpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpw tam¿ BZmbn 

ÃUn sk‚-dn¬ IqsS At±lw Xs∂bmWv. At±-l-tØm-Sp≈ AKm- 

[-amb \μn Rm≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 

CS-h-gn-°¬ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ kwc-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ 

hym]-I-ambn D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb tcJ-Iƒ Is≠-Sp-°p-hm≥ 

{]bXv\n® Fs‚ Kpcp-ÿm-\n-bmb Bepw-aq-ń¬ ^m. tUm. G.-‰n. 

G{_lm-ans‚ Bflm¿-∞-amb {iaØn\p \μn ]d-bp-∂p. tcJIƒ 

{]m]yam°nØ∂ {io C.Fw. amXyp CShgn°ens\ kvt\l-]q¿Δw 

A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. 

Cu {KŸ-Øn\v kzX-kn-≤-amb ]mfin-Xy-tØm-Sp-IqsS Ah-XmcnI 

Fgp-Xn-Ø∂ Fs‚ A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£n-bpw tPjvT-k-tlm-Z-c-Xp-ey- 

\p-amb _m¿ CutØm {_otdm tUm. _m_p t]mfnt\mSp≈ kvt\lm- 

Z-c-hp-Iƒ ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 

ae--c-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Ønse GSp-I-fn¬ \nKq-V-am-bn-cp∂ ]eXpw 

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Cu {KŸw k¿h-i-‡s‚ Icp-W-bn¬ B{i-bn-®psIm≠v 

hmb-\-°m¿°v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

XSn-bq¿ 689 545 tP°_v h¿Kokv am∂m-°p-gn-bn¬ 

t^m: 9447755630 

(0469-˛2775000) 

7


tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚¿ 

kndn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-hn-⁄m-\o-b-]T\ßƒ°pw {]Nm-c- 

W-ßƒ°pw apJy-e£yw h®p-sIm≠v Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp kzta 

[bm kwL-amWv Cu ]T-\-tI-{μw. 2001 P\p-h-cn-bn¬ kXy-hnizmk-]-T-\-ßƒ 

F∂ -Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bcw`w -Ip-dn® Cu {]ÿm\w 

C°-gn ]Øp h¿j-ßƒ°I-ambn Bfl-kwXr]vXn \¬Ip∂ 

At\Iw IrXn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Ffnb coXn-bn¬ 

Cu k`m-tk-h\w XpS-cp-hm≥ Bflm¿∞-ambn klI-cn®v Ub-dŒ¿ 

t_m¿Uv AwKXzw kua-\-ky-tØmsS kzoI-cn®v klm-bn® am\yk-l-Im-cn-Iƒ°pw 

_p°v ¢∫v AwKXzw kzoIcn® klr-Z-b-¿-°p-w 

k¿thm]cn Bbp pw Btcm-Kyhpw \evIn A\p-{K-ln-°p∂ ssZh- 

Ir-]bv°pw \μnbpw IrX-⁄-Xbpw A¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

Ub-d-Œ¿ t_m¿Uv AwKXzw 

Cu ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ Ub-d-Œ¿ t_m¿Uv AwKXzw A[n-Im-c-ßtfm 

Ah-Im-i-ßtfm `c-W-®p-a-X-etbm A[n-I-am-bp≈ Hcm-I¿j-Wÿm\w 

F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ Cu {]ÿm-\-tØm-Sp≈ Iqdpw kl-I-c- 

Whpw F∂ \ne-bn-emWv F√m-hcpw kao-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Ch-cpsS 

Bflm¿∞-amb kl-I-cWw C√msX Cu {]ÿm\w apt∂m-´p-t]mhp-I-Xs∂ 

Akm-[y-am-Wv. hy‡-amb Znim-t_m[w \¬In \bn-°phm\pw 

]pXnb Xeß-fn-te°p {]h¿Ø-\-ta-Je hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm\pw 

Rßsf {]m]vX-cm-°p-hm\pw IqSp-X¬ hy‡n-Iƒ ]Xn-\m-bncwcq]bn-¬- 

Ip-dbm-Ø kw-`m-h\ \¬-In- Cu cwKØv apt∂m´p-hcpw 

F∂v {]Xym-in-°p-∂p. Ub-d-Œ¿ t_m¿Uv AwK-ßƒ°v ]T\ tI{μw 

hI F√m IrXn-Ifpw kuP-\y-ambn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. 

_p°v ¢∫v hnin„ AwKXzw 

]T-\-tI{μw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ F√m IrXn-Ifpw XnI®pw kuP-\yambn 

e`n-°p∂ hnin-jvSmw-KXzw kzoI-cn-°p∂ AwK-ßƒ°v temIsØ-hn-sSbpw 

sk‚¿ {]kn-≤o-IcWßƒ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂- 

XmWv. Hcp {KŸ-ti-Jcw D≠m-Ip-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Hcp h¿j t\mókv 

\evIn ÿnc-\n-t£] XpI-bmb 5000 cq]m (U.S.$ 150.00) aq∂p h¿jßƒ°ptijw 

aS°n hmßp-hm\pw kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. 

_p°v ¢∫v AwKXzw 

C¥y-bn-ep≈ GXp hy‡n°pw {]Xn-h¿jw 300 cq]m-bpsS ]pkvX- 

I-ßƒ kuP\yambn e`n-°p∂ Cu ]≤-Xn-bn¬ AwKXzw e`n-°phm≥ 

2500 cq]m ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn¬ Gev]n-°-Ww. tNcp-tºmƒXs∂ 

e`y-amb F√m ]pkvX-I-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂Xpw apt∂m-´p≈ h¿j-ßfnte°v 

hI-sIm-≈n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. 

8

Mor Adai Study Centre 

Board of Directors 

H.E. Archbishop Mor Cyril Aprem Karim (Hon. Patron) 

H.E. Archbishop Mor Theethose Yeldho (Hon. Chairman) 

H.G. Dr. Mor Coorilose Geevarghese Metropolitan (Working President) 

V. Rev. Abraham Thomas Corepiscopa Vazhayil, Boston 

Rev. Fr. Dr. Biji Chirathilattu 

Rev. Fr. Mathews Edathara, Augusta 

Rev. Fr. Mathews Kavumkal, Pangada 

Rev. Fr. Mathew Varghese, Karuthalackal, Chicago 

Rev. Dr. Varghese P. Manikkatt, MaryLand 

Rev. Fr. Varkey Mundackal, New York 

Rev. Fr. Sabu T. Chorattil, Los Angeles 

Rev. Fr. Shyjan Maruthala, Wynad 

Rev. Dn. Anup Kuruvilla, Boston 

Rev. Dn. Martin Babu Vadakkedath, Houston 

Rev. Dn. Moncy Jacob, Boston 

Rev. Dn. T.S. Varghese, Houston 

Mr. Abraham Eapen, Mineapolis 

Dr. E.C. Abraham Edathara, Arkansas 

Mr. Babu Jacob, New York 

Mr. Babu Mathew, Muscat 

Mr. Biju K. Mathew Puthupally, New Jersey 

Mr. Biju Cherian Parochalil, New York 

Mr. Cherian Venkadath, Chicago 

Mr. C.K. Joy, New Jersey 

Mr. George Varghese, Malaysia 

Mr. Jacob Varghese, Mannakuzhiyil, Thadiyoor 

Mr. T. John, Ex.Minister, Bangalore 

Mr. Jose Jacob, Chicago 

Dr. Kurian Mani, Los Angeles 

Dr. Leena George, Kuwait 

Chev. Dr. Mathews Abraham, Sharjah 

Mr. Mathews Mancha, New Jersey 

Dr. Mathew Varghese, Mary Land 

Mr. Mathew Ninan, Tampa 

Mr. Ninan T. Varghese, Philadelphia 

Mr. Philip Jacob, Houston 

Mr. Paul P. John, Tampa 

Mr. Paul Philipose, Dallas 

Mr. Perumanoo I. Mathew, New Jersey 

Mr. Raju Varghese, Canada 

Mr. Reji Daniel, Cheppadu 

Comdr. Dr. Roy P. Thomas, Chicago 

Mr. Sabu Jacob Pukadiyil, Philadelphia 

Mr. Shinu Jesus Abraham, Kuwait 

Mr. Suresh Ittoop Pukadiyil, Saudi Arabia 

Mr. Thomas Chandy, Houston 

Mr. & Mrs. Thomas George, Kelachandra 

Dr. Thomas Joseph, Los Angeles 

Mr. Vinod Abraham, Chicago 

Mr. Varghese Chamathil, Dallas 

Mr. Varghese Parambath, Philadelphia 

Mr. Varghese K. Paruthuvayalil, New York 

Dr. Kuriakose Corepiscopa Moolayil (Executive Director) 

9


{]kn-≤o-Ir-X-amb {KŸ-ßƒ 

1. kXy-hn-izm-k-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛ tUm.- Ko-h¿-Ko-kv- tam-¿- Iq-do-tem-kv & 

˛ tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

2. hn[n- \-S-Ø¬ l¿Pn˛hn[nbpw hni-I-e-\hpw* 

˛tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

3. ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ˛k`bpw kaq-lhpw ˛tUm.- Ko-h¿-Ko-kv- tam-¿- Iq-do-temkv 

4. s]cp-ºn≈n Xncp-ta\n ˛ ae--c-k-`-bpsS Im¬\q-‰m≠v* 

˛ tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

5. The Indian Church of St.Thomas - E.M. Philip 

6. Four Historic Documents - Dr. Kuriakose Corepiscopa Moolayil (Ed) 

7. The Eucharist Service of the Jacobite Syrian Christians 

- Kadavil Dr. Poulose Mor Athanasius Metropolitan 

8. The Book of Common Prayers for ordinary days and Great Lent days 

Dr. Kuriakose Corepiscopa Moolayil (Tr.) 

9. Morning Prayers for Sundays (Sleeba) (English Translation in Syriac tunes) 

Dr. Kurian Corepiscopa Kaniamparampil 

10. kpdn-bm\nk`mNcn{Xw ˛ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

11. ae-bm-fØp-≈ kpdn-bm\n {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS k`m-Ncn{Xw 

˛ ]pI-Sn-bn¬ C´q∏v ssd´¿ 

12. ]q¿hnI ]nXm-°-∑mcpw s]mXp-kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-Ifpw 

˛ ]pXp-ticn butk^v siΩm-i≥ 

13. A Guide to the Altar Assistants Dr. Kuriakose Corepiscopa Moolayil 

14. The Syrian Orthodox Church: Religion and Philosophy 

Kadavil Dr. Paulose Mor Athanasius Metropolitan 

15. ]uckvXy ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-\ne 

˛ tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ (F-Un-‰¿) 

16. Po-hs‚ A∏w- (hn-. Ip-¿-_m-\m- hym-Jym-\w)- 

˛ tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

17. atXm-]tZi]m-e\w˛C.Fw-. ^n-en-∏v- 

18. Quintessence of Religious Doctrines-Vattasseril Geevarghese Mor Dionasius 

19. hn-ip-≤ {KŸhm-b\°p-dn-∏v -˛tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

20. atXm]-tZikm-cßƒ ˛ h´t»cn-¬- Ko-h¿-Ko-kv- tam-¿- Zo-h∂m-tkym-kv- 

21. Readings from the Epistles and Acts of Apostles according to the Syrian Orthodox 

Lectionary**. 

22 Trilingual Eucharist Service Book of the Syrian Orthodox Church*** 

23. Po-hPew ˛ tam-¿- {In-tkm-kv-‰tam-kv- tam-i kem-a 

24. `m-Ky-\n-t£]w- ˛ tam-¿- {In-tkm-kv-‰tam-kv- tam-i kem-a 

25. alm-]cn-ip-≤\m-b an-\n-°c _m-h 

˛tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

26. hnip-≤-\mSv kμ¿i\ßƒ 

˛ tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿ F∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

27. ]uckvXy k∂ym-k-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS samgn-ap-Øp-Iƒ 

˛^m. tUm. Ão^≥ πmtØm-´w 

28. NnX-dnb apØp-Iƒ: kpdn-bm-\n- `mjm ˛ kmln-Xy-]-T-\-ßƒ 

˛]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

29. C¥ybnse kpdn-bm\n k`m-N-cn{Xw** 

˛]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

30. kpdn-bm-\n-˛-a-e-bmfw Ip¿_m\ XIvkm (19 {Ia-ßƒ)** 

]pkvX-I-ßƒ°p _‘-s∏-SpI 

Nocw-Nnd tUm-. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

Nß-\m-t»cn 686 106 FIvkn. Ub-d-Œ¿, tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚¿ 

samss_¬: 944 620 3002 email: moolelachen@yahoo.com 

*kv-t‰m-°n-√ **A®Sn-bn-¬- *** ]cn-anX hnX-c-W-Øn-\v -am{Xw 

10

Ah-Xm-cnI 

Ncn{Xw KX-Im-e-I-Y-I-fpsS kam-lr-X-cq]w F∂-Xn-tesd kaq-l- 

Øn¬ kzXzm-t\z-j-W-Iu-Xp-I-Øns‚ enJn-Xm-hn-jvImcw F∂ \ne-bnemWv 

]e-t∏mgpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. C∏-d--Xn¬ GXm-bmepw cN-bn- 

Xm-hns‚ A`n-cp-Nn-Ifpw ]cn-t{]-£y-ßfpw IrXnsb _m[n-°m-Xn-cn-°bn-√. 

DXv]-Øn-∏p-kvX-I-Øns‚ BZym-≤ym-b-ßƒ cN-\m-Im-esØ 

Adnhp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cN-\m-]q¿Δ-bp-K-ß-fnse kw`-h-ß-sf- 

°p-dn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-h-cmWv B[p- 

\n-I-]-fin-X-cn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw. Ahn-sS-sbßpw ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-ń-t´-bn- 

√mØ ÿe-ß-fn¬ kwkvIr-Xn-Iƒ Dcp-Øn-cn-p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Imebf-hmWv 

AXv. CuPn-]vXnse {]mNo-\-cm-P-hw-iw, `mc-X-Ønse ssk‘hkw-kvIm-cw, 

A{_-lm-ans‚ bm{X-bpsS Bcw`w XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° 

GXm≠v HtcIme-ØmWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. 

F∂m¬ A{_-lm-an-t\mSv _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hm-Ø-sXm∂pw ]gb-\n-ba- 

Ønse Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. Zn\-hr-Øm¥w BWv Cu {]IrX- 

Øn¬ {i≤n-t°≠ as‰mcp cN-\. \S-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ \S-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂- 

Xn-s\-bmWv AhnsS ImWp-∂Xv F∂v \nco-£n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv, 

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv kam-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp-X-Iƒ F∂Xpw Fß-s\sbm-s°-bmWv 

Ah hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂Xpw Ncn-{X-\n¿Ωn-Xnsb 

_m[n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fmWv F∂¿∞w. 

`mc-Xo-b-N-cn-{X-]-T\w hc-®p-Im-´p∂ Nn{Xhpw as‰m-∂-√. ssk‘hkw-kvImcw 

kw_-‘n® hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-ßfpw Bcy-hw-i-Øns‚ A[n\nthiw 

]m›m-Xy-N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS It]m-e-kr-jvSn-bmWv F∂Xv kw_- 

‘n® hnhm-Z-ßfpw Hm¿°p-I. cmam-b-W-Øns‚ cN-\m-Im-ew, cma-I-YbpsS 

]cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-b-sb-°p-dn®v Iman¬_p¬s° Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ 

Kthj-I-cpsS \nK-a-\-ßƒ F∂v XpSßn apIn-e-bp-K-Øns‚ A¥ywhsc-bp≈ 

Ime-L-´-Ønse BZm-\-{]-Zm-\-k-ar-≤-amb kmwkvIm-cn-I-hn\na-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ 

hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ hsc Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-I-sfbpw 

km[y-X-I-sfbpw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠-t√m. 

s]mXp-hmb Cu `qan-I-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ `mc-X-Ønse ss{IkvXh-cpsS 

Ncn{Xw hni-I-e\w sNøp-tºmƒ \ΩpsS ssh⁄m-\n-I-]-cm- 

[o\-X-Iƒ A{X-bv°ßv Akzm-`m-hn-I-a√ F∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. 

am¿tØm-Ωm-«o-lm-bpsS BK-a-\-hr-Øm¥w apX¬ imkv{Xo-b-amb 

Ncn{X-]-T-\-Øn¬ sXfn-bp∂ tNmZy-Nn-”-ßƒ thh-em-Xn°v Imc-W- 

11


a√. F∂m¬ tNmZy-ßƒ D∂-bn-°-s∏-S-cpXv F∂ \n¿_-‘-am-Is´ 

A]e-]-\o-b-amWv Xm\pw. 

H∂mw-\q-‰m-≠n¬ tdmam-km-{am-Py-hp-ambn i‡-amb hym]m-c-_-‘ßƒ 

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p, C¥y-bpsS ]›n-a-Xo-chpw ]q¿h-Xo-chpw XΩn¬ 

Ic hgn bm{X D≠m-bn-cp-∂p, ln∏m-eqkv hmWn-Py-hm-X-ßƒ I≠p- 

]nSn-®-tXmsS skmt°m-{S-bn¬\n∂v IS¬ apdn®v IS-°p-hm≥ I∏-ep- 

Iƒ°v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p, tdma≥ hmWn-Py-irw-J-e-bn¬ blq-Z-h¿Ø- 

I¿ F∂pw Hcp {]ap-J-km-∂n-≤y-am-bn-cp∂p F∂n-{Xbpw sXfn-bn-°m≥ 

Ignbpw F∂n-cns° H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ sshZn-I-ln-μp-a-Xtam h¿W-hyhÿtbm 

tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xn-\m¬ \ºq-Xn-cn-amsc 

am\km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ tXmam-«olm h∂p 

F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ icn-b√ F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h¿ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ coXnimkv{Xw 

Adn-bm-Ø-h-cm-Wv. \mev {]apJ IpSpw-_-ßƒ F∂v am‰n-∏-dbp-∂-tXmsS 

Cu «olm-hn-cp-≤-hm-Zn-I-fpsS hmZw s]mfn-bp-at√m! 

\ΩpsS Ncn{Xw {]tl-fn-I-IfpsS kam-lm-c-amWv F∂mWv ]d-bp- 

∂-Xv. Ign H∂pc≠v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°nS-bn-emWv B kam-lmcw Xs∂ 

cq]-s∏-´Xv F∂pw H∏w ]d-bmsX hø. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ hn`-P-\-Øns‚ 

hnØv hnX-bv°p-thmfw ae--c-\-{km-Wn-Iƒ H‰-s°-´m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn¬ 

X¿°w C√. Iq\≥Ip-cn-ivkXyw apX¬ Nn{Xw amdn. BZyw hcm-∏pg 

AXn-cq-]-X-bnse eØo≥Im¿, ]ns∂ PmXn°v I¿Ø-hys‚ D]-tZ-i- 

I-cnse tNcn-Xn-cn-hns\ ]n≥]‰n ]g-b-Iq¿-˛-]p-Ø≥Iq¿ Cßs\ s{]m´- 

Ã‚ v anj-Wdnam¿ hcp-tºm-tgbv°v {]mNo-\-ss{I-kvX-h-cmb ae--c- 

\{km-Wn-Iƒ aq∂v hn`m-K-ß-fmbn F∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw. anj-W-dn-am¿s°m∏w 

\n∂ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿, Xoc-tZ-iØpw ae-{º-tZ-iØpw aX-]-cnh¿Ø\w 

\S-Øn-b-h¿, kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cnse \ho-I-c-W-hm-Zn-Iƒ, Ip°vkmbp 

sIm≠p-h-∂Xv Dƒs∏sS Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-‰m-≠n¬ h∂ {_Z¿-˛-s]¥s°mkvXv 

hn`m-K-ßƒ F∂p-th≠ Akw-Jy-ambn tIcf ss{IkvX-hk-`-Iƒ. 

Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-‰m-≠n¬ ]ns∂bpw ]nf¿∂p k`-Iƒ. Xr»q-cnse 

I¬Zm-b-k-`bv°pw I¬Zm-b-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ A`n-c-an-°p∂ kotdm-a-e- 

_m¿ k`bv°pw {]Xn-`n-∂-amWv I¬Zm-b-k--ev]w. At¥ym-Jy≥- 

]mcºcyw ]men-°p∂ k`-Iƒ Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-tºmƒ sXmgn-bq¿ apX¬ 

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw hsc "]©'X{¥-ambn amdpw BJym\ßƒ. 

Cu alm-h-\m-¥-c-Øn-eqsS Xm≥ I≠ H‰-b-Sn-∏mX ]n≥sN-√p-IbmWv 

`mKy-kva-c-Wm¿l-\mb bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm. D±-fiimkv{Xn-I-sf-t∏mse 

]em-b[zw ]em-b[zw tc! tc! Zpjv°-hn-°p-RvPcmx 

thZm-¥-h-\-k-©mcn Bbm-Xyp-±-fi-tI-kcn 

F∂v Bt{Im-in-°p∂ ]mtd-ńkw F∂ hnI-e-N-cn-{X-ho-£Ww Cu 

IrXn°v A\y-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Cu ]pkvX-I-Ønse F√m ho£- 

W-ß-tfmSpw Rm≥ tbmPn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠-√. _mhmbv°v hy‡-ambpw 

c≠p-aq∂v ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-aXv B[p-\nI Ncn-{X-hn-⁄m- 

12

\o-b-Øns‚ coXn-imkv{Xw ]Tn-°m≥ kμ¿`w D≠mb hy‡n-b√ 

_mhm. c≠m-aXv _mhm-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-t{km-X- p-I-fn¬ Xs∂ `qcn- 

`m-Khpw ]Xn-s\´pw ]sØm-ºXpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse tcJ-I-fm-Wv. aq∂maXv 

At¥ym-Jym-knw-lm-k-\-Øns‚ ]cn-t{]-£y-Øn¬ HXp-ßmsX _mhmbv°v 

Ncn-{X-\n¿ΩnXn Akm-[y-ambncp∂p. 

Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw khn-ti-j-amb Kth-j-W-Iu-Xp-Ihpw 

km[y-am-Im-hp-∂{X hkvXp-\n-jvT-Xbpw _mhm-bpsS cN-\sb \nkvXpeam-°p-∂p. 

]pen-t°m-ń¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS hmgvN kw_-‘n®v _mhm ]dbp∂ 

]e Imcy-ßfpw {i≤n-°p-tºmƒ Cu hkvXp-Xm-{]-Xn-_-≤X 

kphy‡-ambn Z¿in-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ]mtd-ń-s\-t∏mse Hcp ""IYm-Imc≥'' 

Dt]-£n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂-XmWv bqbm°nw tam¿ Iqdo-tem-kns\ hna¿in-®psIm≠v 

CS-h-gn-°¬ ôen-t∏mkv IØ-\m¿ bm°q_v ZznXo-b\v FgpXnb 

IØv. \m´p-sa-{Xms‚ Bhiyw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂n-SØv bqbm°nw tam¿ 

Iqdo-tem-kns\ kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v ""\nß-fpsS \mń¬ _p≤n-am-∑m-cm-bh¿°v 

Cu \mń¬ ASn-sX-‰p∂p'' F∂v DW¿Øp∂ IØv bm°q_v 

XrXob≥ hni-Z-ambn D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Im´p-am-ßm-´p-_m-hm-am-scbpw 

sXmgn-bq¿k`-sbbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂n-SØpw _mhm-bpsS kz{]-Xy-bssÿcyw 

hy‡-am-Wv. 

_mhm-bpsS Kth-j-W-Iu-Xp-Ihpw Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-W-_p-≤nbpw sXfnbn-°p-∂-XmWv 

ae--c-bn¬ \n∂v Inńb hnh-c-ßƒ ioa-bnse ]pcmtcJm-ti-J-c-ß-fp-ambn 

HØp-t\m-°m≥ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ]cn-{i-aw. 

ae--c-bnse Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ s]mXpsh Ah-c-h-cpsS k`m-hn-`m-Kß-fpsS 

\ne-]m-Sp-Isf \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\mWv {ian-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. sksUw 

]mtd-´m-bmepw IWn-bm-º-d-ºn¬ tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m Bbmepw tNSnbØv 

Koh¿Kokv IØ-\m¿ Bbmepw IqS-∏pg tkhy¿ IØ-\m¿ 

Bbmepw. ]mtd-ńkw Ncn-{X-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Ønse ]mj-fi-X-bmWv F∂v 

]d-bm-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-nepw a‰p-≈-hcpw hn`m-Ko-b-]-cn-t{]-£y-ß-fn¬\n∂v 

ap‡-c-√. s]mXpsh \ΩpsS Ncn-{X-]-T\w ""hn\m-bIw {]Ip¿hmtWm 

cNbm amk-hm-\c'' F∂ ań-emWv ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. hc-bv°m≥ ]pds∏-´Xv 

KW-]-Xnsb; hc-®p-h-∂-t∏mƒ Ipc-ß≥! cmP≥ Kpcp-°-sftbm 

]n.-sP. sNdn-bm-s\tbm C\nbpw Hc--Øn\v _meyw _m°n-bp-s≠-n¬ 

kam-cm-[y-\mb sI.-F≥. ]Wn-°-sctbm t]mse \ΩpsS Ncn{Xw \njv]- 

£-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ t]m∂ ""Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ'' Bsc-nepw Xp\n- 

n-d-ßmsX IrXy-amb Hcp kpdn-bm\nk`m-N-cn{Xw hnc-Nn-X-am-hp-sa∂v 

]d-p-Iq-Sm. Aßs\ t\m°n-bm¬ AXn-t{i-jvT-amb Hcp Ncn-{X-{KŸamWv 

bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ \n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≈-Xv F∂v hn\-b-]q¿Δw km£ys∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cn-°m≥ 

hø. ""tdmam e°qØm FkvXv tImkm ^n\nXm 

FkvXv-˛˛˛˛tdmw Xocp-am-\n-®p. kwKXn Ah-km-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p˛˛˛˛F∂ a´v 

k`-bpsS A®-S-°-Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Im-sa-n¬°q-Snbpw Adn-hns‚ N{Ihm-f-ßƒ 

Aßs\ tIm¨{Io-‰n´v Dd-∏n-t°-≠-X-√-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v 

Kth-j-W-ßƒ XpS-c-s´. At\z-j-W-ßƒ ê-a-Wn-b-s´. AXn-\nsS 

13


CØcw hcn-jvT-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Ah-bpsS F√m i‡n-Zu¿_-ey-ß-tfmSpw 

IqsS kpa-\- p-I-fmb At\z-j-W-Ip-Xp-In-I-fpsS hn⁄m-\-Zmlw ian- 

∏n-°-s´. 

1951-˛¬ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ sa{Xm-\m-bn-cp∂ ImeØv cNn-®-XmWv 

C¥y-bnse kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS Ncn{Xw F∂ Cu {KŸw. kpdn-bm\n, 

Ad-_n, ae-bm-fw, Cw•ojv F∂o \mev `mj-I-fn-ep-≈ A®-Sn-°-s∏-´Xpw 

ssIsb-gp-Øp-cq-]-Øn-ep-≈Xpw Bb tcJ-I-sf-bmWv _mhm B{i-bn- 

®n-´p-≈-Xv. tXmam-bpsS \S-]-Sn-Iƒ, _¿kveo_n-bp-sSbpw _msd-{_m-bbp-sSbpw 

am¿t°m-t∏m-tfm-bp-sSbpw cN-\-Iƒ, {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZpƒ 

Peo¬ ae-_m-dnse CS-h-I-Iƒ°-b® Iev]-\, lnZm-b-Øp-≈-bpsS ]´wsIm-S-∏p-kvXIw 

(1685, 1690), i{I-≈m-_m-hm-bpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Whpw 

Ad-_n-bn¬ cNn® thZ-]m-Thpw, hØn-°m-\nse Nne tcJ-Iƒ, Zoh-∂mkn-tbmkv 

{]Y-as‚ Aam-tem-Kn-b, 1600 apX¬ 1850 hsc D≈ ImeØv 

kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw K¿iq-\n-bnepw (kp-dn-bm\n en]n-bn-ep≈ Ad-_n-c-N-\bmWv 

K¿iq-\n) \S-∂n-´p≈ IØn-S-]m-Sp-Iƒ, At{]w {]Y-a≥ _mhmbpsS 

\nc-h[n ]pkvX-I-ßfpw A®-Sn-°-s∏-SmØ Ipdn-∏p-I-fpw, _p°m- 

\\pw luhpw t]mse D≈ ]m›m-Xy-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ, ^mZ¿ πmknUpw 

Cusbw ^nen∏pw C´q-∏p-ssd-´dpw Fgp-Xnb Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ, CS-h-gn- 

°¬ tcJ-Iƒ, ]t{Xmkv \mem-a≥ (sX-‰mbn aq∂m-a≥ F∂v ae--cbn¬ 

Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p) _mhm-bpsS ae--c-hn-j-b-_-≤-amb Fgp-Øp- 

IpØp-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ \o≠p-t]m-Ip∂p _mhm ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw 

B{i-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ tcJ-Iƒ. Npcp-°n-∏-d-m¬ A°m-Z-an-Iamb 

At\z-j-WsØ hnip-≤-amb ssZh-hnfnt]mse D]m-kn® Hcp 

Kthj-I-s\bmWv Cu IrXn hc-®p-Im-´p-∂-Xv. 

Cu ]pkvXIw ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®Xv \∂m-bn. aØnaq-k-bpsS 

Cw•ojv hnh¿Ø-\-amWv {io. tP°_v h¿Kokv B[m-c-am- 

°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ÿe-\m-a-ß-fnepw ho´p-t]-cp-I-fnepw a‰pw CXv Ht´sd 

t¢iw krjvSn-®n-´p≠v F∂v aqk-bpsS ]pkvXIw hmbn-®n-´p-≈-h¿°v 

Duln-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Fnepw {ia-I-c-amb Cu I¿Øhyw A¿∏-Wt_m-[-tØmsS 

Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw kvXpXy¿l-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvX hnh¿Ø-Is\ A`n-\-μn-°msX hø. 

AXy-[nIw kt¥m-j-tØmsS Cu ae-bm-f-hn-h¿Ø\w klr-Z-bk-a£w 

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. am¿tØmΩm «olm-bp-sSbpw 

bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bp-sSbpw {]m¿∞\ CXv hmbn-°p-∂-h¿°v 

tIm´-bm-bn-cn-°s´. 

Notcm-tØm-´w, Un. _m_p-t]mƒ 

Ih-Sn-bm¿, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 3 _mdo-tØm-{_otdm 

2011-˛se Z\-lm-s∏-cp-∂mƒ 

14

{]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v 

]cn-ip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv kpdnbm\n 

k`-bpsS B[p-\nI bpK-Ønse apJyinev]nbpw ]m{Xn-b¿°ok-∑m-cpsS 

\nc-bnse amWn-Iy-hp-am-Wv. kpdn-bm\n k`bv°v BtKmf 

{]k‡n e`n-°p-hm≥X-°-hÆw temI k`m-k-an-Xn-bn¬ AwKXzw FSp- 

°p-Ibpw ItØm-en-°m-˛-Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-I-fp-ambn kPoh FIypsa-\n-°¬ 

_‘w XpS-ßn-h-®Xpw Ct±-l-am-Wv. 

[nj-W-im-en-bmb Kth-j-I\pw {KŸ-Im-c\pw F∂ \ne-bn¬ At±l-Øns‚ 

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ A\-iz-c-ß-fm-Wv. RßƒXs∂ apºv {]kn- 

≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≈ kpdn-bm-\n-k-`m-N-cn-{Xw, {]Xy£ kXyw 1 XpS-ßnb IrXn- 

I-fn-eqsS aebmf hmb-\-°m¿°pw At±lw kp]-cn-Nn-X-\m-Wv. kpdnbm\n 

k`m-N-cn{Xw c≠mw `mKw Ad-_n-bnepw kpdn-bm-\n-bnepw e`y-amsW-nepw 

Cw•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw e`y-am-bn-ń-√. ae-bmf ]cn-`mj-bv°p-th≠n 

sNbvX Nne ]cn-{i-a-ßƒ ê-h-Øm-ImsX h∂-Xp-aqew 

Dt]-£n-t°-≠n-h-∂p. 

ae--c-bn¬ Hcp hymg-h-´-°mew A_vZpƒ BlmZv dºm-\mbn sNeh-gn-®-Xn-\p-tijw 

Cdm-°n¬ aSßn FØn-b-Im-eØv ae--c-k-`-sb-°pdn®v 

Adn-bp-hm-\mbn At±-lsØ kao-]n-®n-cp∂ ]c-tZi kpdn-bm-\n- 

°msc ap∂n¬I≠v Fgp-Xnb Hcp IrXn-bmWv C¥y-bnse kpdn-bm-\nk-`. 

Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°nb Cu IrXn 2009-˛-emWv Cw•o-jn¬ 

]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ tUm. aØn- aqkm F∂ kpdnbm-\n-°m-c-\mWv 

]cn-`mj sNbvX-Xv. kpdn-bm\n `mjbv°pw k`bv°pw 

Aaqey {KŸ-ßƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ tPm¿Pv B‚¨ 

Incmkv tKm¿Pn-bmkv {]kn-eqsS Cu IrXn {]km-[\w sNøp-Ibpw 

ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bv°mbn Fs∂ kZbw A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

AXoh Xmev]-cy-tØmsS ImØn-cp∂ Cu IrXn-bpsS ]cn-`mj \n¿hln-®Xv 

Fs‚ {]nb kplrØpw k`m-kvt\-ln-bp-amb Abn-cq¿ am∂m- 

Ip-gn-bn¬ ]tc-X-\mb Koh¿Kokv tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS aI≥ 

tP°_v h¿Ko-kmWv. hfsc ka¿∞-ambn Cu ]cn-`mj At±lw 

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw {]q^v doUn-ßn¬ Fs∂ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw 

sNbvXp. 

* ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ \ne F∂ IrXn ImWpI 

15


ae-c k`m N-cn{X kw_-‘-ambn At\Iw Adn-b-s∏-SmsX InS∂ 

tcJ-I-fpsS t\¿ImgvN Cu IrXn-bn-ep≠v. Hcp ]fin-Xs‚ kq£va- 

Xbpw Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-cs‚ hnth-N-\hpw Hcp Kth-j-Is‚ \n¿a-a-Xbpw 

Hcp \nco-£-Is‚ \njv]-£-Xbpw Hcp hna¿i-Is‚ \n¿`-b-Xzhpw Cu 

IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. CS-h-gn-°¬ IpSpw-_-Ønse sshZn-I-cpsS tkh\ 

alm-fly-ßsf Ie-h-d-bn-√msX {]iw-kn-°-tºmgpw Ipd-hp-Isf Nq≠n- 

°m-Wn-°p-∂p. bqbm°ow tam¿ Iqdo-temkv _mhm-bpsS hy‡n-Xm-ev]cy-ßsf 

ad-®p-h-bv°p-∂p-an-√. Ch Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ-am-{Xw. kz]-£- 

\n-e-]m-Sp-Isf \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥am{Xw Ncn-{X-c-N-\-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ 

C°m-eØv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS Cu IrXnbpw ssienbpw 

\ap°p henb {]tNm-Z-\-am-Wv. 

1951 hsc-bp≈ Ncn-{X-amWv CsX-∂Xv {KŸ-Øns‚ Hcp ]cn-an-Xnbm-Wv. 

1958-˛se k`m-k-am-[m-\hpw 1964-˛se ImtXm-en°m hmgvNbpw 

Hs° tN¿∂v Cu Ncn-{X-Øns‚ c≠mw `mKw Ncn-{X-Im-c\v XpS-cp-hm≥ 

Ign-bmsX t]mbXv Ncn{X hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Hcp Xocm-\-jvS-am-Wv. 

bmt°m_v XrXo-b≥ _mhmsb kw_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp Ipdn∏pw XpS-∂phm-bn-°mw. 

AXoh Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-tØmSpw ssZhnI kvXpXn-∏p-I-tfmSpw IqSn 

Cu IrXn Ncn-{X-Ip-Xp-In-Iƒ°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. 

Noc©nd 

IqtZmiv CutØm, 2010 

tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿F∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

16

{KŸ-Im-c≥ 

tamdm≥ tam¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv 

bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

˛Hcp A\p-kva-c-Ww˛ 

tUm. Ipcym-t°mkv tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬ 

BapJw 

kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw 

]Ip-Xn-bn¬ \n¿Wm-b-I-t\-XrXzw hln® ]. C·m-Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v 

XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ka¿∞-\mb `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnbpw A\p-Kr-lo- 

X-amb i_vZ-k-hn-ti-j-X-bpsS DS-abpw Bcm-[-\m-\p-jvTm\ kuIp-amcywsIm≠v 

A\p-{K-lo-X\pw {]mtbm-Kn-I-_p-≤n-bp≈ kss`-Iy-t\-Xmhpw 

]fin-X-\mb {KŸ-Im-c\pw k`sb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ønb FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ 

h‡mhpw ae-bm-f-`mj A\m-bmkw ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp∂ "ae-bmfnbmb 

]m{Xn-b¿°okpw' Bbn-cp-∂p. At±lw cNn® Cu IrXn-bpsS 

{]mcw-`-ambn B alm-flm-hns‚ Hcp tcJm-Nn{Xw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv 

DNn-X-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂p. 

P\-\hpw hnZym-`ym-khpw 

Cdm-°nse _¿Xvte F∂ ÿeØv Xuam-amdn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n®v 

(H-IvtSm-_¿ 12, 1912) kpdn-bm\n k`m-]m-c-º-cy-Øn¬ hf¿∂ bm°q- 

_ns‚ k`m-Po-hnXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv ]cn-ip-≤-\mb Gen-bmkv XrXob≥ 

_mhm-bn¬\n∂pw siΩmiv ÿm\w kzoI-cn-®-tXm-sS-bm-Wv. At{]w 

{]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Iio-im-ÿm\w \evIn 1933-˛¬ an\n- 

°-c-bn-te°v tam¿ bqen-tbmkv Gen-bmkv _mhm-bpsS klm-bn-bmbn 

Ab-®p. 21 hbkv am{Xw {]mb-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Cu bph dºm≥ Xs‚ 

]c∂ hmb-\-sIm≠pw _p≤n-k-hn-ti-j-X-sIm≠pw kzc-am-[p-cywsIm≠pw 

A[ym-]-\-k-hn-ti-j-X-sIm≠pw an-\n-°c Zb-dm-bnse 

sshZn-Im-`y-k-\-tI-{μ-Ønse {][m\ hy‡n-bmbnØo¿∂p. ÿm\- 

{`jvS\m-°-s∏´ A_vZpƒ aviolm ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ kw_-‘n®pw 

A_vZp≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS kzoIm-cyX kw_-‘n®pw 

aec-k-`-bn¬ {]N-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ Zpjv{]-Nm-c-W-ß-fpsS \nP-ÿnXn 

17


shfn®Øp sIm≠p-h-cp-hm\pw ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ Imt\m-\n- 

Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb bmYm¿∞y-ßsf hkvXp\njvT-ambn A]-{K-Yn®p 

{]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm\pw a‰pw Cu ]fin-Xm-t{K-k-c≥ {]h¿Øn-®-Xns‚ êambn 

{]kn-≤o-Ir-X-ß-fmb eLp-Ir-Xn-Iƒ k`m-N-cn-{X-]-Tn-Xm-°ƒ°v 

A\n-hm-cy-ß-fm-Wv. Ign Xe-ap-d-bnse sshZn-I-cpsS Kpcp-`q-X-s\∂ 

\ne-bnepw ae--c-k-`m-a-°-fpsS CS-bn¬ s]cpa t\Sp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\p 

Ign-n-cp-∂p. 

1946-˛¬ kztZ-i-tØ°p aS-ßnb A_vZpƒ BlmZv dºm≥ tamkqfnse 

(aq-kƒ) skbv‚ v Fs{^w skan-\m-cn-bn¬ A[ym-]-I-\mbn \nban- 

°-s∏-´p. 1950-˛¬ t_dq´v˛Z-a-kvtImkv `{Zm-k-\-ß-fpsS sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm 

Bbn ]cn-ip≤ At{]w {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Ct±-lsØ 

tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv F∂ t]cn¬ Db¿Øn. ]cnip≤ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm Imew-sN-bvX-t∏mƒ 1957-˛¬ ]cnip≤ kp∂-l-tZmkv BI-am\ 

kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS ]c-am-[y-£-\mbn Ct±-lsØ sXc-s-Sp-°p-Ibpw 

1957 HIvtSm-_¿ 27-˛mw XobXn ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn hmgn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 

Ct±lw ]m{Xn-b¿°m Bÿm\w tlmwkn¬\n∂pw Zam-kvI-kn-te°v 

am‰p-Ibpw e_-t\m-\n¬ k`bv°v {]uV-amb Hcp sshZn-I-sk-an-\mcn 

ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Bbn-c-Øn-sØm-≈m-bn-cØn Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS 

A¥yw-h-scbpw ]›n-ta-jy-bpsS ]dp-Zo-kmbpw ]›n-a-]q¿h-Zn-°p-I-fnte-°p≈ 

bm{Xm-kw-K-a-th-Zn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ e_-t\m-\nse t_dq-ńepw A®m- 

\nepw k`bv°v A`n-am-\-I-c-amb ]e ÿm]-\-ßfpw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øphm≥ 

_mhmbv°v Ign-n-cp-∂p. 1964-˛¬ Cu ÿm]-\-ßƒ kμ¿in® 

HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ ImtXm-en°m _mhm-bpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw Xømdm°nb 

^m. ‰n.-kn. tP°_v* CtX-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂Xv {i≤n-°p-I. 

(t]Pv 58-˛61) 

ae-c k`m-k-am-[m\w 

]cnip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS Ime-L-´- 

Ønse kp{]-[m\ kw`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂v ae-c k`m kam-[m-\-am-Wv. 

ae--c-k-`-bv°p≈ Xs‚ {]Y-a-I-ev]-\-bn¬ k`m-k-am-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v 

]d-bp-∂-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv. 

Ch-sb√mw C{]-Imcw tbmKy-ambn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, {Iao- 

I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw X∑qew \ap°pw k`m-a-°ƒs°-√m-h¿°pw 

BÀmZw BK-X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-s°, \ΩpsS ss]Xr-Iamb 

lrZ-bsØ thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hscm‰ Imcyw am{X-am-Wv. 

Bb-Xv, k`-bpsS {]nb-s∏´ B hn`mKw˛A-Xm-bXv ae--c, 

At\-I-Im-e-ambn k-S-I-c-hpw, hncp-≤-Xm-]-c-amb `n∂-X-I-fm- 

* FtXym-]y≥ kp∂-l-tZmkpw hnip-≤-\mSp kμ¿i-\-hpw, tIm´bw (1965) 

18

Ip∂ Hmf-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ hnj-an-°p-∂-Xv-˛-\-ΩpsS 

ssIIƒsIm≠v kv]¿in-°p-Ibpw \ΩpsS IÆp-sIm≠v 

ImWp-Ibpw sNbvX B hkvXpX Xs∂. Cu `n∂-X-I-fm-Wv-˛h-e-tØm´pw 

CS-tØm-´p-ap≈ AXns‚ hn]p-eo-I-c-W-Øn-\pw, 

{]Nm-c-Øn-\p-ap≈ am¿§-Øn¬Øm-a-khpw XS- hpw hcp-Øp∂ 

Imc-W-ßƒ. `n∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂-hsc H∂n-∏n-°p-hm≥ \mw AXy- 

[nIw Imw£n-°p-∂p. hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂-hsc tbmPn-∏n-°p-hm≥ 

\mw Xm¬]-cy-tØm-Sn-cn-°p-∂p. GI-sXm-gp-Øn¬, hnizmkn-Isf 

kvt\l-tØmSpw ss]Xr-I-ambpw Hcp-an-®p-Iq-Sp-hm≥ \mw hm©n- 

°p-∂p. ae--cbpw C¥ybpw ]cn-ip≤ At¥ym-Jym-knw-lmk-\-hp-am-bp≈ 

B≤ym-fln-I-amb B _‘w Agn-p-t]m- 

ImsX ]men-°p-hm≥ \mw D’m-l-tØm-Sn-cn-°p-∂p. BI-bm¬ 

\ΩpsS lrZ-bsØ kam-[m-\-Øn\pw tbmPn-∏n-\p-ambn \mw 

hnim-e-ambn Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂p. AI-∂p-t]m-b-hsc XncnsI hcp-Øphm-\pw, 

F√mhscbpw hm’-ey-tØmsS Benw-K\w sNøphm\pw 

\ΩpsS Ic-ßƒ \mw \o´p-∂p. CXmWv \ΩpsS {]Y-aamb 

B{K-lw. CXmWv \ΩpsS atlm-∂-X-amb e£yw. 

ss]Xr-I-amb \ΩpsS Cu Dt±-iysØ ]c-kv]cw Adn-bn-°phn≥. 

k`-bpsS sFIy-Øn\pw tbmPn-∏n-\p-ambn ]c-kv]cw 

{]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-hn≥. \∑-bn¬ hnP-bn®p apt∂-dp-hn≥. kpIr- 

X-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse ]mp-sN∂v DØ-a-cm-Ip-hn≥. \ΩpsS ]cnip-≤-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ 

Ah-cpsS c‡w-sIm≠p \sΩ ap{Z-bn´p \sΩ 

`c-ta-ev]n-®n-cn-°p∂ kXy-hn-izm-ksØ kq£va-X-tbmsS kwc- 

£n-°p-hn≥. Aßs\ \nßƒ tim`n-X-a-W-hm-ń-bmb k`-bpsS 

bYm¿∞ a°-fmbn Xocp-am-dm-I-s´. 

]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv]£w tIkn¬ ]q¿W-ambn hnP-bn-®p-\n-ev°p-tºmgmWv 

Cu Iev]\ D≠m-Ip-∂-sX-∂Xv {]tXyIw {][m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. 

1958-˛¬ k`m-k-am-[m-\sØ {]Xn _tk-en-tbmkv Koh¿Kokv ZznXo-bs\ 

]uckvXy ImtXm-en°m Bbn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw 1964-˛¬ tIm´-bØv 

Fgp-s∂-≈n-h∂v HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhmsb ImtXm-en°m ÿm\tØ°p 

hmgn®v k`sb H∂m-°n-Øo¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \n¿`m-Ky-him¬ 

Cu kam-[m-\hpw sFIyhpw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ ae-c k`m-t\- 

Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ign-n-√. ho≠pw ]nf¿∏p-≠m-Ip-Ibpw* 1975-˛¬ ]utemkv 

tam¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv _tk-en-tbmkv ]utemkv ZznXo-b≥ F∂ ÿm\- 

\m-a-Øn¬ ImtXm-en-t°mkv Bbn hmgn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp (sk]vXw- 

_¿ 7, 1975). HutK≥ {]Y-a≥ _mhmbpw kp∂-l-tZmkpw (c≠v AwK- 

* hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v s]cp-ºn≈n Xncp-ta-\n˛ae--c-k-`-bpsS Im¬\q-‰m-≠v, Ipcym-t°mkv 

tIm¿-F-∏n-kvtIm∏ aqe-bn¬, tam¿ BZmbn ÃUn sk‚¿, Nocw-Nn-d-˛686106 (2001) 

19


ßƒ Hgn-sI-bp-≈-h¿) kzX-{¥-k`m \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw tam¿ 

tXmam-knw-lm-k\ ]n¥p-S¿®bpw ]m{Xn-b¿°m-Xp-ey-X-bp≈ ImtXm-ent°‰pw 

Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ae--c-bnse CS-h-I-]-≈n-I-fpsS kzØp- 

°-fn-t∑-ep≈ A[n-Imcw Dd-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ X{¥-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p- 

Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]cnip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhmbv°v Xm≥ 

kwÿm-]n® kam-[m-\hpw sFIyhpw XI-cp-∂Xv ImtW-≠n-h-∂p. 

aec-k-`bv°v Bh-iy-amb IqSp-X¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Øm-amcpw `c-Wkw-hn-[m-\-ßfpw 

F√mw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]cn-ip≤ _mhm t\XrXzw 

\evIn. 

kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS ]m›m-Xy-hym-]\w 

kpdn-bm\n k`mw-Kßƒ a[y-]u-c-kvXy-tZ-iØpw C¥y-bnepw Bbn 

tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cp∂ Hcp ]pcm-X-\-k`m hn`m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ Ccp- 

]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬Xs∂ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ Ata-cn-°≥ 

sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fn¬ Xma-khpw k`m-Po-hn-Xhpw Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-nepw 

bqtdm-∏nepw CXc cmPy-ß-fnepw kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ kwL-Sn-X-cmbn Xmakn-°p-hm≥ 

Bcw`w Ipdn-®-Xv ]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm 

Bcw`n® bqtdm-]y≥ k`m-_-‘-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 

P¿Ω-\n-bnse tKmńß≥ k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bn¬ \S-Ønb {]`m-j-W- 

]cºc* kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS ]ucm-WnI ss]Xr-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v bqtdm- 

]y≥ ]fin-X-∑m-scbpw k`m-t\-Xr-Xz-ß-sfbpw A\p-kva-cn-°p-hm≥ CSbm-°n. 

]›n-ta-jy-bnse cmjv{So-b-˛-aX ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kpdn-bm-\n- 

°m¿°v bqtdm-∏n-te°p IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿°p-hm≥ IqSp-X¬ {]tNm-Z\w 

\evIn-bXpw k`m-hym-]-\-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. 

FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ _‘-ßƒ 

kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bv°v FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ 

kPo-h-]-m-fnØw e`y-am-Ip-∂Xv ]cnip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhmbpsS 

Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. temI-k`m Iu¨kn¬ AwKXzw 1963-˛epw 

ItØm-en°m k`-bp-am-bp≈ HutZym-Kn-I-k-μ¿i-\-_-‘-ßƒ 1970-˛epw 

Bcw-`n-®p. c≠mw hØn-°m≥ Iu¨kn-en¬ k`-bpsS HutZym-Kn-I-{]- 

Xn-\n-[nsb Ab-®p. hnb-∂mbnse "s{]m Hmdn-bs‚'bpsS A\u-tZym- 

KnI ssZh-im-kv{X-]-T-\-ß-fnepw k` kPo-h-]-m-fn-bm-bn. Cßs\ 

s{]m´-Ã‚ v k`m-k-aq-l-ß-fp-ambn s]mXp-Po-hnX sFIy-km-£y-ta-Je-I-fn¬ 

ASp-Øp-h-cp-hm\pw ItØm-en°m k`-bp-ambn hnizm-k-kw-k¿Kta-J-e-I-fn¬ 

IqSp-X¬ ASp-Øp-hcphm\pw CS-bm-bXv ]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v 

XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm XpS-ßn-h® FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ at\m- 

* The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch (English) 

20

`m-h-Øns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-am-bm-Wv. _mhm-bpsS FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ _‘ß-fn¬ 

{][m\ IÆn-bmbn {]h¿Øn® hy‡n-bmWv Ct∏m-gsØ `mKyhm-\mb 

]cn-ip≤ C·m-Øn-tbmkv kmJm {]Y-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

_mhm. ]cn-ip≤ kmJm {]Y-a≥ _mhm temI-k` Iu¨kn¬ {]kn- 

U‚p-am-cn¬ Hcm-fmbn {]h¿Øn-®ncp-∂p. Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv 

k`-I-fp-ambn (Cu-tÃ¨ Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkv) kPo-h-_‘w 

]pe¿Øp-hm-\p≈ ]›m-Ø-ehpw ]. _mhm-bpsS FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ 

_‘-ß-fpsS A\-¥-c-^-e-ß-fm-Wv. 

Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m-_-‘-ßƒ 

BZy aq∂p s]mXp-kp-∂-l-tZm-kp-I-fn¬ \n¿h-Nn-®n-´p≈ ]ucm-WnI 

hnizm-k-ss]-Xr-I-Øn-eqsS hnizm-k-sF-Iyhpw IqZm-im-kw-k¿Khpw \ne- 

\n¿Øn hcp∂ k`-I-fmWv "Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ' F∂dn-b-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂-Xv. 

tIm]v‰nIv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏- 

Sp∂ Ae-Ivkm≥{Un-b≥ knwlm-k-\-Øns‚bpw At¥ym-Jy≥ knwlmk-\-Øn-s‚bpw 

]utcm-ln-Xy-˛-kp-hn-ti-jo-I-cW ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ 

hf¿∂p-h∂ k`-I-fmWv Ch-sb-√mw. A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ k`-bpsS {]mcw-`- 

{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kndn-b≥ anj-\-dn-am-cpsS kPo-h-_‘w C∂pw 

{]kvXp-X-k` Xmev]-cy-]q¿Δw A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿ØtUmIvkv 

k`m-kw-k¿K-Øn-ep≈ k`-Iƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm-Wv. 

1. kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` 

2. tIm]v‰nIv Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` 

3. A¿ao-\n-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` 

4. FtXym-]y≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` 

5. Fdn-{Xn-b≥ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` 

(C-¥y-bn¬ kzX-{¥-k`m {]Jym-]\w \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ ImtXm-en°m 

hn`m-Khpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv "kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`') 

]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm Cu k`-I-fpam-bp≈ 

_‘w hfsc kPo-h-ambn \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. t_dq-ń¬ 

bm°q_v tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv F∂ t]cn¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm Bbncn-°p-tºmƒ 

B‚-en-bm-knse ImtXm-en-t°m-kns\ hmgn-°p-hm≥ kl- 

Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln® aq∂p-t]-cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ 

_mhm. Ct∏m-gsØ Ae-Ivkm{¥ym ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]cnip≤ t]m]v 

sj\qUm*bpsS hmgvN-bn¬ {][m\ Im¿Ωn-IXzw hln-°p-Ibpw ÿm\m- 

`n-tj-I-{]-kwKw \S-Øn-bXpw ]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿- 

°okv _mhm-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1965-˛¬ FtXym-]y≥ N{I-h¿Øn slbven 

* Ae-Ivk{¥ym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns\ hnizm-kn-Iƒ "t]m]v' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw 

"_m_' F∂v kwt_m-[\ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 

21


kemkn hnfn®p tN¿Ø Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`m Xe-h-∑mcpsS 

ktΩ-f-\-Ønepw ]. bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm hfsc kPo-h- 

]mfn Bbn-cp-∂p. 

kwKo-X-⁄-\mb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ s]mXpsh kwKo-X-]-›m-Ø-e-ap≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\m-ss]- 

Xr-I-Ønse IÆn-I-fm-Wv. kpdn-bm\n kwKo-X-imkv{Xw hfsc Xe-ap-d- 

Iƒ ]I¿∂p h∂n-´p≈ kmt-Xn-IXzw \nd-p-\n-ev°p∂ Hcp kwKoXt{km-X-km-Wv. 

kpdn-bm\n kwKoX kmKcw sshhn[yw \nd Hcp 

ka-ky-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. AXn¬ Bg-Øn¬ apßp-∂-h¿°pw {]Xn-`bpw 

{]⁄bpw Hcp-t]mse Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]cnip≤ _mhm Ch-sb√mw HØn- 

W-ßnb Hcp alm-{]-`m-h-hm-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ata-cn-°-bnse B¿®v_nj- 

∏m-bn-cp∂ tbip tam¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv Cu sshZKv≤yw apgp-h-\mbpw 

tiJ-cn-°p-hm≥ ap≥ssI FSp-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v "kpdn-bm\n kwKo-X-X-cm- 

K-ßƒ' ]cnip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bpsS i_vZ-Øn¬ tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 

www.syriac orthodox resources.com˛¬ C‚¿s\‰n¬ 

Cu tiJcw e`y-am-Wv. kwKo-X-⁄-\mb Cu ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

tkh\w ae--c-k-`-bnepw e`y-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ae--c-k-`-bnse 

]nev°me aev]m-∑m-cn-eqsS Cu sshZKv≤yw ae-bm-f-°-c-bnepw \ne- 

\nev°p-∂p-≠v. hμy-\mb tImcpXp aev]m-\-®s‚ Imsk-‰p-I-fn¬ Cu 

sshZ-Kv≤y-Øns‚ ]I¿®bpw IS-∏mSpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. 

{KŸ-Im-c-\mb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

A_vZpƒ BlmZv dºm-\mbn an-\n-°-c-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Imew 

apX¬ Bcw-`n® {KŸ-c-N-\m-˛-{]-`m-jW ]mShw ]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXob≥ 

_mhm BPo-h-\m¥w XpS¿∂p. kpdn-bm-\n, Ad-_n, Cw•o-jv, aebmfw 

`mj-I-fn¬ ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hns‚ cN-\-Iƒ e`y-am-bn-´p-≠v. apºv 

kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xp-t]mse 1940-˛-I-fn¬ ae--c-k-`-bn¬ At¥ym-Jym-knwlm-k\ 

aln-abpw ImtXm-en-t°-‰ns‚ bYm¿∞-\n-ebpw hy‡-am-°phm≥ 

G‰hpw A[nIw cN-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ hy‡n ]cn-ip≤ 

bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ _mhm-bm-bn-cp-∂p.* (A-°m-eØv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®ncp∂ 

Nne kmc-h-Ømb "eLp-te-J-Iƒ' hne-Xo-cmØ apØp-Ifpw Ncn- 

{X-tc-J-I-fp-ambn Cu teJ-I≥ kam-l-cn®p kwc-£n-®n-´p-≠v. kmº- 

Øn-I-e-`yX A\p-k-cn®v Ah ]p\x-{]-Im-i\w sNø-W-sa-∂m-{K-l-ap- 

≠v.) 

]cn-ip≤ bm°q_v XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv _mhm-bpsS k`m- 

Ncn-{X-hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw Kth-j-W-N-Xp-c-X-bp-sSbpw Bhn-jvI-c-W- 

* ImtXm-en-°m-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ \ne F∂ IrXn ImWp-I. 

22

k-a-{K-X-bp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-km-£y-amWv Cu IrXn. CXv Ct∏mƒ 

kwtim-[\w sNbvXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-°nb ssZh-Ir-]sb 

Hcp alm-`m-Ky-am-bmWv Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. 

ae-c kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS Ncn{Xw Kth-j-W-ssh-Z-Kv≤y-tØmsS 

Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ al-Ømb Hcp IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXp-hsc shfn- 

®Øp h∂n-ń-√mØ At\Iw tcJ-I-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS Cu IrXn 

IqSp-X¬ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p. tIm´bw CS-h-gn-°¬ IpSpw-_-Ønse 

tcJ-I-fpsS {]m[m-\yhpw {]k-‡nbpw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw Cu IrXn 

{]tbm-P-Io-`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. 

Cu IrXn Ad-_n-`m-j-bn¬ \n∂pw Cw•o-jn-te°p hnh¿Ø\w 

sNbvX aØn aqkm-tbmSv ae--c-k-`m-N-cn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ IS-s∏-ń-cn- 

°p-∂p. H∏w ae-bm-f-Øn-te-°p≈ hnh¿Ø-\-Øn\p t{]m’m-ln-∏n® 

tPm¿Pv Incm-kn\pw \μn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 

23

{KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚* apJ-hpc 

Cdm-°nse _lp-am-\y-cmb Nne kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿, C¥y-bnse kpdn-bm\nk-`-bpsS 

Hcp Ncn-{Xhpw {]kvXp-X- k-`-bpsS At¥ymJym ss«lnI 

knwlm-k\-hp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw tN¿Øv Hcp {KŸw cNn-°p-hm≥ 

Ft∂mSv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ 

A[nImc koa-bn-em-bn-cp∂p C¥y F∂p-≈-Xn-\mepw B k-`-bpsS 

ÿnXn-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Hmtcm kpdn-bm\n Hm¿Ø-tUm-Ivkp-Im-c-s\bpw 

_m[n-°p-∂-Xm-b-Xn-\mepw B cmPysØ kpdn-bm-\n-°m¿ kmwkvIm-cn- 

Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambn Hcp kam-Z-c-Wob ÿm\w ssIh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂- 

Xn- -\mepw Ah-cpsS At]-£sb k^-eo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv bp‡-sa∂v Rm≥ 

Icp-Xn-˛˛˛˛{]tXy-In®pw Rm≥ ]{¥-≠n¬]cw kwh-’cw B cmPyØv 

Nne-h-gn-°p-Ibpw kpdn-bm-\n-°m-sc-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS BNm-cy-a-cym-Z-Isf-°p-dn®pw 

hym]-I-amb Adn-hv kºm-Zn-°pIbpw sNbvXn®n-´p-≈-Xn- 

\mepw. XpS¿∂p hcp∂ A≤ym-b-ßƒ, hniz-k-\o-b-ß-fmb ]pcm-X-\hpw 

B[p-\n-I-hp-amb kpdn-bm-\n, Ad-_n, Cw-•o-jv, ae-bm-fw˛˛˛˛A-®-Sn-®tXm 

ssIsb-gp-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂tXm Bb˛˛˛˛tc-J-Isf ASn-ÿm\s∏Sp- 

Øn-bp≈ G‰hpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb hnh-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cu {KŸw cNn- 

°p-∂-Xn\p≠mb al-Ømb Dt±-iysØ ê-h-Ømbn ImWp-amdv ]fin- 

X-cn¬ \n∂pw th≠ AwKo-Imcw CXn\v e`n-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ {]Xym-in- 

°p-∂p. 

\ΩpsS `{Zm-k-\m-ÿm-\-Øp-\n∂pw. 

Pq¨ 6, 1951 

* tam¿ tkth-dn-tbmkv bm°q_v sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ 1957-˛¬ C·m-Øn-tbmkv bmt°m_v 

XrXo-b≥ F∂ t]cn¬ At¥ymJym ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kmbn ÿm\-ta‰p. 1980 Pq¨ 25-˛mw 

XnbXn Imew-sN-bvXp. Uam-kvI-kn¬ I_-d-S-°n. (kw-tim-[-I≥)


26

D≈-S°w 

H∂mw `mKw 

C¥ybnse k`-bpsS ÿm]-\hpw a‰p k`-I-fp-am-bp≈ 

AXns‚ _‘-ßfpw 35-˛64 

1. C¥ym alm-cmPyw 35 

2. ê-`q-bn-jvS-amb N{μm-Imc {]tZ-i-ßfpw 

(Fertile Crecent) C¥ybnse cmPy-ßfpw 38 

3. tam¿ tXmam «olm 40 

4. C¥y-bpsS cmPm-hmb sKm¥-t^m-tdmkv 43 

5. tam¿ tXmam «olm-bpsS t]mcm´-ßfpw c‡-km-£n-Xzhpw 46 

6. C¥ybnse k`bpw "]uckvXy'hpw 50 

7. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\hpw C¥ybnse k`bpw 54 

8. lndmØv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ømbpw C¥ybnse k`bpw 57 

9. C¥ybnse k`bpw s\kvtXm-dn-b hn`m-Khpw 60 

10. tdmambpw C¥ybnse k`bpw 63 

c≠mw `mKw 

1663-˛¬ t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ C¥y hnSp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ C¥y≥ 

k`-bpsS ÿnXn 65˛111 

1. FtU-km-bn¬\n-∂p≈ kndn-b≥ IpSn-tb‰w 67 

2. Cdm-°nse kpdn-bm\n kap-Zmbw 70 

3. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ s\kvtXm-dn-b¿ 

C¥y≥ k`-bn¬ \pg-p-I-b-dp-∂p 73 

4. t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im¿ C¥y-bn¬ 75 

5. s\kvtXm-dn-b≥ ioiva 78 

6. bqk^v (tPm-k-^v), A{_m-lmw, ina-Hm≥ (Simon) F∂ 

sa{Xm-∑m¿ 81 

7. sImSpß√qscbpw ssh∏n≥tIm-´-bn-sebpw sk-an-\m-cn-Iƒ 85 

8. H∂m-asØ ]oU 87 

9. 1599-˛se DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZmkv 90 

10. c≠mw ]oU 95 

11. DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kp∂-l-tZm-kns‚ Imew hsc 

kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS hnizmkw 98 

27


12. Iq\≥Ip-cnip apºmsI ae-_m-dp-Im¿ {]Xn⁄ FSp-°p∂p 101 

13. tXmam H∂m-as‚ sXsc--Sp∏pw Cń-sØm-Ωs‚ 

Xo£vW-Xbpw 105 

14. I¿Ω-eoØm kaq-lhpw aq∂mw ]oUbpw 108 

15. k`-bpsS i{Xp-°ƒ°v ssZh-in£ 110 

aq∂mw `mKw 

U®p-Im-cpsS Iogn¬ C¥ybnse k`-bpsS ÿnXn 113˛230 

1. aqk-ense tam¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ Peo-ens‚ 

C¥y-bn-te-°p≈ hchpw At¥ymJym knwlm-k-hp-am-bp≈ 

]p\¿_-‘hpw 115 

2. apkense {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ Peo¬ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ 118 

3. {KotKm-dn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ Peo-ens‚ IØp-Iƒ 120 

4. tXmam c≠m-a≥ 124 

5. ae-_m¿ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Be-t∏mbnse A{¥-tbmkv 128 

6. I-tØm-en° Ncn-{X-Øn¬ A{¥-tbmkv 130 

7. _tken-tbmkv b¬tZm a-{]n-bm-\m-bp-sSbpw lnZm-b-Øp≈ 

sa{Xm-s‚bpw ae-_m-dn-te-°p≈ hchv 132 

8. Cøm-hm-\nkv lnZm-b-Øp≈ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ 135 

9. C-bm-hm-\nkv lnZm-bØv A≈m sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bpsS 

t]mcm´w 138 

10. 1686-˛se sNß-∂q¿ tbmKhpw AXns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßfpw 142 

11. tXma \mem-a\pw s\kvtXm-dn-b-\mb K{_n-tbepw 150 

12. tXmam \mem-a\pw ss«lnI knwlm-k-\hpw 154 

13. hnizm-ksØ{]Xn tXmam \mem-as‚ Xo£vWX 159 

14. tXmam A©m-a≥ 162 

15. tXmam A©ma\pw Cbm-hm\okv bqlm-t\m≥ 

Acm-IvNn-©nbpw 165 

16. At¥ymJym knwlm-k-\-Øn-te°v tXmam A©m-a≥ 

Ab® IØns‚ Npcp-ßnb cq]w 168 

17. k\ymkn-bmb i{I-≈msb a{]n-bm-\m-bmbn hmgn-°p∂p 172 

18. i{I≈m a{]n-bm-\m-bpsS ae-_m¿ bm{X 176 

19. a{]n-bm\ i{I≈ ae-_m-dn¬ FØn-t®-cp∂p; C-bm-hm-\nkv 

bplm-t\m≥ Ac-IvNn©n XncnsI t]mIp∂p 179 

20. tXmam A©m-a≥, a{]n-bm\ i{I-≈msb kμ¿in-°m≥ 

hnk-Ω-Xn-°p∂p 183 

21. FtU-km-bnse sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ-bmb tkth-dn-tbmkv 

A_vZ¬ Blm-Zns‚ a{]n-bm\m i{I-≈m-bv°p≈ IØv 186 

22. U®p Iº-\n, tXmam A©m-a-s\-Xnsc \nb-a -\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ 

kzoI-cn-°p∂p 189 

23. tXmam A©m-a-\p-ambn k‘n-°p-hm≥ 

a{]n-bm\ i{I-≈m-bpsS {iaw 191 

28

24. tXmam A©m-as‚ imTy-_p-≤nsb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

imkn-°p∂p 196 

25. tXmam A©m-a≥ a{]n-bm\ i{I-≈m-bp-ambn 

cay-X-bn-em-Ip∂p 199 

26. a{]nbm\ i{I-≈m-bpsS t\´-ßƒ 202 

27. shń-°¬ tam¿ _l\mw Zb-dm-bpsS \n¿amWw 206 

28. tXmam Bdm-as‚ Iog-S-°hpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]´m-`n-tj-Ihpw 208 

29. _Ip-Z-bvZm-bnse (Im-c-t°m-in-se) {KotKm-dn-tbmkv 

bqlm-t\ms‚ t\´-ßƒ 212 

30. Bq¿ ioiva 215 

31. A{_-lm-ans\ hnkvX-cn®v sa{Xm≥ ]Z-hn-bn¬\n∂pw Dcn-bp∂p219 

32. aqk-ense tam¿ C-bm-hm-\nkv bqlm-t\m≥ ssIh-cn® 

t\´-ßƒ 223 

33. ae-_mdnse ItØm-en-°¿ eØo≥ sa{Xm-∑m¿s°-Xn-cmbn 

kwL-Sn-°p∂p 225 

34. \memw ]oU 228 

\memw `mKw 

{_nójv `c-Wmcw-`-Øn¬ ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS ÿnXn 231˛291 

1. \hoIc-W-°mcpw ae-_m-dnse kpdn-bm\n k`bpw 233 

2. tUm. tI¿, tUm. _p°m-\≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv 

H∂m-a-\p-am-bp≈ IqSn-°mgvN 236 

3. aqk-ense Zosbm-kvtIm-tdmkv bqlm-t\ms‚ hchpw 

At±-lsØ Xncn-®-b-bv°p-∂Xpw 238 

4. Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv H∂m-a≥ ssIh-cn® t\´-ßƒ 241 

5. Bqdp-Im¿ 243 

6. tXmam F´m-a\pw ]I-tem-a‰w IpSpw-_-Ønse t\Xm-°-fpsS 

t{iWn-bpsS A¥yhpw 246 

7. tPmk^v dºm≥ tIm´-bØv skan-\mcn ÿm]n-°p-∂p 250 

8. tPmk^v dºm≥ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv c≠m-a-\m-Ip∂p 252 

9. Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv c≠m-a-s\∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-bmfpw 

\ho-I-c-W-°mcpw 255 

10. Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv aq∂m-a-s\∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-bmfpw 

\ho-I-c-W-°mcpw 258 

11. AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ aiolv ae-_m-dn-se-Øp∂p 262 

12. Bq¿ ]oe-Ivkn-t\mkv c≠ma-s‚bpw Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv 

\mem-a-s‚bpw sa{Xm≥ ÿm\w Akm-[p-sh∂v 

A_vZ¬ aiolv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ {]Jym-]n-°p∂p 265 

13. ae-_m-dn¬ \n∂pw A_vZ¬ aiolv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØmsb 

Ib-‰n-hn-Sp∂p 270 

14. Ir{Xna IØp-Iƒ 275 

29


15. Bq¿ ]oe-Ivko-t\mkv c≠m-a≥ 279 

16. hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂v hyXn-N-en-°m≥ \ho-I-c-W-°m¿ 

kpdn-bm-\n-°m-cpsS ta¬ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øp∂p 281 

17. 1836-˛se amth-en-°c tbmKw 285 

18. kpdn-bm-\n-°mcpw \ho-I-c-W-°m-cp-am-bp≈ _‘w 

th¿s]-Sp-Øp∂p 288 

A©mw `mKw 

amXyqkv AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns‚ ioiva 293˛372 

1. At¥ymJym knwlm-k\w apºm-sI -ae-_m¿ k`bpsS 

At]£ 295 

2. amXyqkv AØm-\m-kn-tbm-kns‚ ]´m-`n-tjIw 299 

3. amXyqkv AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv aqk-enepw t_mws_-bnepw 302 

4. amXyq-kns‚ hmgvN-aqew ae-_m¿k-`-bv°p-≠mb BLmXw 304 

5. ae-_m¿ sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm-bmbn bqbm°nw Iqdo-temkns‚ 

\nb-a\w 306 

6. amXyqkv sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØmsb ap-S-°p∂p 310 

7. AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv kvtX^m-t\mkv ae-_m-dn¬ FØn, 

a{Zmkv tImS-Xn-bn¬ Xs‚ `mKw hmZn-°p∂p 314 

8. kvtX^m-t\mkv sa{Xm≥ e≠-\n¬ A∏o¬ t_m[n-∏n-°p∂p 318 

9. Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv \mem-a≥ 322 

10. AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv kvtX^m-t\mkv sa{Xm\pw ]cn-hm-chpw 

ss«lnI knwlm-k-\-Øn-te°v aS-ßp∂p 327 

11. bdp-i-te-anse HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv A_vZ¬-˛-\q¿ 

sa{Xm-t∏meoØm ae-_m-dn-se-Øp∂p 329 

12. HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv A_vZ¬ \q¿ ae-_m-dn¬ ssIh-cn® 

t\´-ßƒ 332 

13. kpdn-bm\nk`-bn¬ amXyq-kns‚ \mi-I-c-amb {]hrØn-Iƒ 336 

14. ae-_m¿ k` ss«lnI {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf \ntbm-Kn®p 

In´p-hm≥ {ian-°p∂p 340 

15. ]pen-t°m-ń¬ tPmk^v Iio-im-bpsS sa{Xm-t∏meoØm 

ÿm\m-tcm-lWw 342 

16. Iqdo-temkv bqbm°nw, Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv tPmk^v 

sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-bpsS ÿm\m-`n-tj-IsØ FXn¿°p-∂p 346 

17. ae-_m-dnse ItØm-en-°¿ eØo≥ ta¬t°m-bvasb 

\ncm-I-cn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p∂p 348 

18. k`m-]-c-amb Nne {KŸ-ßƒ A®-Sn-°p∂p 351 

19. ae-_m-dn¬ a{]n-bm\m ÿm\-Øns‚ D¤hw 352 

20. tIm\m´v A{_lmw Iioim 354 

21. amXyqkv skan-\mcn ssIb-S-°nbtijw 

sshZn-I-hn-Zym-`ymkw XpS-cp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p∂p 357 

30

22. CS-h-gn-°¬ ]oen-t∏mkv Iioi 359 

23. ]oen-t∏mkv Iio-i-bpsS cN-\-Iƒ 363 

24. kpdn-bm\n k`-bpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ßsf 

{]Xn-tcm-[n-®p-sIm≠pw \ho-I-c-W-°m-sc Jfin-®psIm-≠p-ap≈ 

tNmZym-hen 365 

25. amXyq-kns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf tPmk^v Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv 

sNdp-°p∂p 370 

Bdmw `mKw 

]t{Xmkv \mem-a≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ImeL-´-Ønse 

ae-_m-dnse k` 373-˛446 

1. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]t{Xmkv \mem-as‚ hmgvN-bpsS [z\n 

ae-_m-dn¬ 375 

2. amXyq-kns‚ A{]-Xn-tcm[y ]cm-Pbw 377 

3. amXyq-kns‚ apS°v ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv 

ÿnco-I-cn-°p∂p 381 

4. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv e≠-\n¬ 385 

5. Iqdo-temkv bqbm°ow sa{Xm-t∏meoØm ssIh-cn® 

t\´-ß-fpw, At±-l-Øns‚ tcmKhpw \ncym-Whpw 389 

6. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ ae-_m-dn-te-°p≈ bm{X 396 

7. CS-h-gn-°¬ ]oen-t∏mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏ 400 

8. ]oen-t∏mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏ ssIh-cn® t\´-ßƒ 405 

9. ]oen-t∏mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS cN-\-Ifpw ]I¿Øn 

Fgp-Xnb ip{iq-jm-{I-a-ßfpw 408 

10. ]oen-t∏mkv tImsd-∏n-kvtIm-∏m-bpsS A-t∏m-tfm-sP-‰nIvkv 

({]-Xn-tcm[ cN-\-Iƒ) 411 

11. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv apS-°-s∏´ amXyq-kns‚ tamN\w 

Akm-[p-hm-°p∂p 414 

12. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv kpdn-bm\n ssZhm-e-b-ßƒ 

kμ¿in-°p∂p 418 

13. ]≈n-I-fnse D]-{Z-h-ßsf ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ]t{Xmkv 

{]Xn-tj-[n-°p-∂p 422 

14. ]t{Xmkv ]m-{Xn-b¿°okv ae-_m-dn¬ ]≈n-Iƒ 

ÿm]n-°p∂p 429 

15. apf¥pcp-Øn-bn¬ ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿-°okv 

kp∂-l-tZmkv hnfn-®p-Iq-´p∂p 431 

16. ae-_m¿ k`sb ]m{Xn-b¿°okv Ggp `{Zm-k-\-ß-fmbn 

hn`-Pn®v Hmtcm-∂n\pw sa{Xm-t∏meo-Ø-∑msc hmgn-°p∂p 434 

17. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°okv aS-ßp∂p 436 

18. ]t{Xmkv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kns‚ hnS-hm-ß-en-\p ti-j-ap≈ 

ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS ÿnXn 439 

31


19. ]m{Xn-bm¿°m {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv sia-Hm≥ 

sa{Xm-t∏meoØ hmgn°-s∏-Sp∂p 442 

20. Xpº-a¨ sa{Xm-t∏meo-Ø-bmb bqen-tbmkv Koh¿Ko-kv, 

sIm®n sa{Xm-t∏meo-Ø-bm-bn-cp∂ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv sia-Hm≥, 

A-amen sa{Xm-t∏meo-Øm-bm-bn-cp∂ Iqdotemkv Koh¿Kokv 444 

Ggmw `mKw 

ae-_m¿ k` Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n¬ 447˛495 

1. \ncWw sa{Xm-t∏meoØm {KotKm-dn-tbmkv Koh¿Ko-kv, 

tIm´bw sa{Xm-t∏meoØm AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv ]utemkv 449 

2. A_vZ≈m ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae-_m-dn-te°v c≠p 

sa{Xm-t∏meo-Ø-∑msc hmgn-°p∂p 452 

3. ae-_m¿ sa{Xm-t∏meoØm Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv tPmk^v 

ssIh-cn® t\´-ßƒ 454 

4. ]m{Xn-b¿°okv A_vZ≈m c≠m-as‚ ae-_m¿ kμ¿i-\hpw 

Cu cmPysØ At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw 456 

5. ae-_m¿ (a-e-c) sa{Xm-t∏meoØ Iqdotem-kv, 

Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS sa{Xm-t∏meoØ tkth-dn-tbm-kv 458 

6. bqen-tbmkv At¥m-Wn-tbmkv {^m≥knkvtIm tkhn-b¿ 

A¬hm-dokv 462 

7. ae-c (a-e-_m¿) aev]m≥ tIm\m´v am-Ø≥ 

tImsd-∏n-kvtIm∏m 465 

8. ae-_m-dnse ]m{Xn-b¿°m {]Xn\n[n HkvXm-Øn-tbmkv 

…o_m sa{Xm-t∏meoØ 468 

9. Gen-bmkv XrXo-b≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ae-_m¿ 

kμ¿in-°p∂p 470 

10. ae-_m¿ (a-e--c) sa{Xm-t∏meoØ Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv 

Koh¿Kokv 475 

11. ae-_m¿ (a-e--c) sa{Xm-t∏meoØm AØm-\m-kn-tbmkv 

]utemkv, klmbn {Ko-tKm-dn-tbmkv Koh¿Kokv 479 

12. ]m{X-nb¿°m {]Xn-\n[n bqen-tbmkv tImtdm 

sa{Xm-t∏meoØm, tIm´bw sa{Xm-t∏meoØ 

Zoh-∂m-kn-tbmkv aoJm-tb¬, sIm®n sa{Xm-t∏meoØ 

tkth-dn-tbmkv ]utemkv, Iv\m\m-b-°m-cpsS sa{Xm-t∏meoØ 

¢oankv A{_lmw 483 

13. tam¿ C·m-tXymkv skan-\m-cnbpw _¿Øp-e-nbnse 

A_vZ¬ BlmZv dºm\pw 487 

14. ae-_m¿ kpdn-bm\n k` C∂-sebpw C∂pw 490 

32

C¥y-bnse kpdn-bm-\nk-`mN-cn{Xw - Mor Adai Study Center-Home

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