Romii din România - ardor

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Romii din România
Cuvânt înainte
Acest raport a fost realizat în colaborare cu Centrul de Resurse pentru Diversitate
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Dimitras; director al CEDIME-SE, Nafsika Papanikolatos, coordonator la CEDIME-
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respectiv CRDE. CEDIME-6( úL &5'( GRUHVF V DGXF PXO XPLULOH ORU vQ PRG
deosebit celor care au recenzat acest raport, respectiv lui Gabriel Andreescu, director
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Helsinki Român, lui Istvan Haller, coordonator de program la Liga ProEuropa, Florin
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la adresa: office@greekhelsinki.gr

Statul: România
CARACTERISTICILE MAJORE
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Toate datele de mai jos provin din World Directory of Minorities – Ghidul
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1. ISTORIC
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(între 1867-1877) unele documente ce se aflau în arhLYHOH P Q VWLULL 7LVPDQD 8QXO
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principatelor devenea implicit sclav (Liegeois, 1968:110). Codul lui Basil, Lupul
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1855, Adunarea Moldovei a votat în unanimitate abolirea sclaviei în principat,
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1930: 242.656 (1,70%)
1956: 104.216 (0,60%)
1966: 64.197 (0,37%)
1977: 227.398 (1,05%)
1992: 409.723 (1,76%)
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România; aici vom prezenta doar câteva cifre pentru ONG-urile romilor (în mii lei):
Anul Partida
Romilor
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antisemitismului, rasismului, a
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Total Pentru romi Total Pentru
1997 530.000
romi
274.000 154.000 102.780 22.000
1998 1.489.000 700.000 435.745 880.000 465.487
1999 4.600.000 835.000 697.678 3.030.300 2.606.991
2000 9.200.000 900.000 3.500.000
Pentru anul bugetar 2000 sunt alocate 1,2 miliarde lei pentru participarea la programe
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SHQWUX F DU IL DOHV $PDOJDPXO FXOWXUDO D IRVW GH DVHPHQHD ODUJ U VSkQGLW SULQWUH
GLIHULWHOH JUXSXUL FKLDU GDF vQF PDL H[LVW GLYL]LXQL úL HOH VXQW H[WUHP GH LPSRUWDQWe
vQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LORU +HOVLQNL :DWFK
ÌQ IXQF LH GH OLPED YRUELW VH SRW GLVWLQJH PDL PXOWH FRPXQLW L $úD FXP HVWH
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DO OLPELL URPDQL 3RSXOD LD PDMRULWDU WLQGH V U VSXQG QHJDWLY OD RELFHLXULOH GLIHULWH
SH FDUH OH REVHUY OD SRSXOD L URPD úL OD YDORULOH ORU SH FDUH DGHVHRUL QX OH vQ HOHJ 'H
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FkúWLJ EDQLL 5RPLL F OG UDUL S VWUHD] úL D]L UHJXOLOH úL RELFHLXULOH VSHFLILFH
PRGHOXOXL GH YLD WUDGL LRQDO 0RLVD (L VXQW VWULF L vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH
FRPSRUWDPHQWXO IHWHORU PDL PDUL GH DQL DFHVWHD QX DX YRLH V VWHD QHVXSUDYHJKHDWH
vQ FRPSDQLD E LH LORU 'LQ DFHDVW FDX] IUHFYHQWDUHD úFROLL SRDWH UHSUH]HQWD R
SUREOHP SHQWUX HOH PDULDMHOH WLQ]kQG V VH vQFKHLH OD R YkUVW IUDJHG – DQL úL
XQHRUL FKLDU PDL GHYUHPH 3kQ VH F V WRUHVF IHWHOH WUHEXLH V ORFXLDVF vPSUHXQ FX
S ULQ LL ORU &RPXQLW LOH GH DOWH HWQLL FULWLF vQ JHQHUDO F V WRULLOH vQFKHLDWH OD R
YkUVW DWkW GH IUDJHG 5HPPHO
8Q DVSHFW GHRVHELW GH LPSRUWDQW DO FXOWXULL URPLORU HVWH PX]LFD (D D IRVW UHFXQRVFXW
DSDUHQW FKLDU úL GH F WUH UHJLPXO FRPXQLVW FDUH OH-D LQWHU]LV V PDL FkQte în limba
URPDQL SHUPL kQGX-OH V FkQWH QXPDL vQ OLPED URPkQ PXO L FkQW UH L URPL ILLQG
REOLJD L V S U VHDVF DQVDPEOXULOH SRSXODUH GLQ FDUH I FHDX SDUWH 'H IDSW PX]LFD
URPLORU D IRVW LQWHU]LV FRPSOHW vQ 5RPkQLD vQDLQWH GH +HOVLQNL :DWFK
1991:21). Unul dintre triburile romilor din România este cunoscut sub numele de
/ XWDUL FHHD FH LQGLF IDSWXO F PX]LFD HVWH PDL PXOW GHFkW R WUDGL LH SHQWUX HL HVWH
XQ PRG GH YLD 'LQ PRPHQW FH DQDOIDEHWLVPXO HVWH ODUJ U VSkQGLW SULQWUH URPL VH
presupuQH F HL QX úWLX V FLWHDVF QRWHOH PX]LFDOH $FHVW OXFUX IDFH FD IDLPD GH EXQL
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VXQW OD IHO GH FXQRVFX L úL SHQWUX WDOHQWXO ORU OD GDQV FKLDU GDF DGHVHRUL GDQVXULOH lor
OL VH SDU ODVFLYH FHORU GH DOW HWQLH $FHVWD HVWH XQ DOW PRWLY SHQWUX FDUH VXQW
FRQVLGHUD L ³LPRUDOL´ &OHEHUW
ÌQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH UHOLJLD FHO SX LQ URPLL URPkQL SDU V LD H[HPSOXO FUHGLQ HL
SRSXOD LHL PDMRULWDUH $úD F UHOLJLD OD FDUH VXEVFULX GHSLQGH GH ]RQD JHRJUDILF vQ
FDUH WU LHVF 5RPLL FDUH DGRSW VWLOXO WUDGL LRQDO WU LHVF GXS XQ FRG IRDUWH VWULFW GH
FUHGLQ H FDUH DIHFWHD] ILHFDUH GRPHQLX DO YLH LL ORU GH OD PDULDMH úL UHOD LL GXS FXP

s-D Y ]XW PDL VXV SkQ OD LHUDUKLD VWDELOLW vQ IDPLOLH 5HPPHO 7RDWH
DUJXPHQWHOH SUH]HQWDWH PDL VXV vL GHVFULX SH URPL FD ILLQG ³GLIHUL L´ DGHVHRUL DWU JkQG
asupra acestora un tratament punitiv sau coercitiv.
'H]YROWDUHD FRQúWLLQ HL PLQRULWDULORU F VXQW GLIHUL L
RRPLL URPkQL DX IRVW WUDWD L PXOW WLPS FD ³GLIHUL L´ GH F WUH LQGLYL]LL FH QX DSDU LQHDX
FRPXQLW LORU URPD $úD FXP D IRVW GHVFULV vQ DOWH FDSLWROH LQVWLQFWXO GH
DXWRFRQVHUYDUH vL GHWHUPLQ DGHVHRUL V -úL QHJH LGHQWLWDWHD DWXQFL FkQG DX GH-a face cu
indivL]L GH DOW HWQLH GLQ FDX]D GLVFULPLQ ULL OD FDUH VXQW H[SXúL
2 GRYDG JU LWRDUH vQ DFHVW VHQV HVWH GLVFUHSDQ D GLQWUH LQGLYL]LL FDUH VH DXWRLGHQWLILF
– FHL FDUH VH GHFODU FD I FkQG SDUWH GLQ FRPXQLWDWH úL LPSOLFLW vúL DVXP LGHQWLWDWHD –
úL LQGLYL]LL FDUH VXQW LGHQWLILFD L GH DO LL FD DSDU LQkQG XQXL DQXPLW JUXS HWQLF
&RPSDUkQG GDWHOH RE LQXWH vQ XUPD FHORU GRX FHUFHW UL FHD GLQ =DPILU
=DPILU úL FHD GLQ ,QVWLWXWXO GH &HUFHWDUH D &DOLW LL 9LH LL VH
SRDWH REVHUYD R VF GHUH D SURFHQWXOXL FHORU FDUH VH DXWRLGHQWLILF vQ WLPS FH SURFHQWXO
JUXSXOXL HWQLF PDMRULWDU FUHúWH
Autoidentificare 1992 1998
Roma 76,5% 63,5%
Român 11,7% 34,2%
Maghiar 6,6% 1,8%
Turc 1% 0,5%
Nimic 4,2% -
a) URPL FDUH SUH]LQW WRDWH FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH HWQLFH WUDGL LRQDOH úL FDUH VH DXWRLGHQWLILF
drept romi în toate contextele, atât în cele oficial–DGPLQLVWUDWLYH FkW úL vQ FHOH
informale;
b) URPL FDUH SUH]LQW WRDWH FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH HWQLFH WUDGL LRQDOH SH FDUH úL FHLODO L vL
LGHQWLILF FD URPL GXS PRGXO ORU GH YLD GDU FDUH QX VH DXWRLGHQWLILF vQ
contextele oficial-DGPLQLVWUDWLYH FD ILLQG URPL LQIRUPDO HL VH DXWRLGHQWLILF FD
romi;
c) URPL ³PRGHUQL]D L´ FDUH úL-DX VFKLPEDW PRGXO GH YLD vQ VHQVXO PRGHUQL] ULL úL
FDUH GHFL QX PDL SUH]LQW LQGLFLL YL]LELOH DOH PRGXOXL WUDGL LRQDO GH YLD FDUH VH
DXWRLGHQWLILF HL vQúLúL FD URPL DWkW vQ FRQWH[WH IRUPDOH FkW úL LQIRUPDOH DFWLYLúWLL
etnici, oameni de afaceri);
d) URPL ³PRGHUQL]D L´ FDUH WLQG V QX VH PDL DXWRLGHQWLILFH FD URPL VDX R IDF vQ PRG
fluctuant úL SH FDUH FHLODO L vL SRW VDX QX LGHQWLILFD FD URPL
e) ³IRúWL URPL´ FDUH V-DX LQWHJUDW vQ SRSXOD LD PDMRULWDU SkQ OD GLVSDUL LD WU V WXULORU
GLVWLQFWLYH FDUH DX UHQXQ DW FKLDU SHQWUX HL vQúLúL OD DXWRLGHQWLILFDUHD FD URPL
Nicolae Gheorghe (fostul cooUGRQDWRU DO 5RPDQL &5,66 úL PHPEUX DO &RQVLOLXOXL
&RQVXOWDWLY DO 5RPLORU 3(5 FRQVXOWDQW SH 3UREOHPHOH 3RSXOD LLORU 5RPD úL 6LQWL OD
2UJDQL]D LD SHQWUX 6HFXULWDWH úL &RRSHUDUH GLQ (XURSD FRQVLGHU F SRSXOD LD URPD
trece printr-XQ SURFHV GH ³HWQRJHQH] ´ – FRQVWUXLQG R QRX LGHQWLWDWH GH JUXS ³5RPD´
DúD FXP FHOHODOWH JUXSXUL DX I FXW vQ VHF ;,; (O VXV LQH F VFRSXO SUH]HQW PDL DOHV
vQ 5RPkQLD HVWH DFHOD GH D ULGLFD VWDWXWXO GH PHPEUX DO FRPXQLW LL GH OD FHO GH
³ LJDQ´ WHUPHQ FH DUH FRQRWD LL SHLRUDWLYH OD FHO GH ³URP´ &X DOWH FXYLQWH vQFHDUF
V UHDOL]H]H R VFKLPEDUH VLPEROLF GH OD VWDWXVXO GH ³VFODY´ OD XQ VWDWXV HJDO FX FHO GH
FHW HDQ vQWU-XQ VWDW FRQVWLWX LRQDO FX GUHSWXO GH D VH DXWRLGHQWLILFD FD DSDU LQkQG

PLQRULW LL URPD ,PDJHV DQG ,VVXHV: Coverage of the Roma in the Mass Media in
Romania, 1997).
ÌQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LORU GH URPL LGHQWLWDWHD ORU HVWH SXWHUQLF ILLQG GHFODUDW vQ PDL
PXOWH PRGXUL OLPE PX]LF FRVWXPH WUDGL LRQDOH úL vQ WRW PDL SX LQH FD]XUL
PHúWHúXJXUL WUDGL LRQDOH úi mai ales, modul specific de trai.
,GHQWLILFDUHD DFHVWHL GLIHUHQ H FD ILLQG GH QDWXU HWQLF VDX QD LRQDO
$úD FXP GHMD V-D PHQ LRQDW PDL VXV JUXSXO GH HWQLH URPD QX D IRVW UHFXQRVFXW
FD DWDUH GH F WUH VWDW 'HúL WUHEXLDX V ILH vQUHJLVWUD L OD UHFHQV PkQW QX DX IRVW
FRQVLGHUD L FD XQ JUXS HWQLF UHDO SkQ vQ 3RQV 5RPLL GLQ 5RPkQLD
VXQW UHFXQRVFX L FD PLQRULWDWH QD LRQDO VXE DXVSLFLLOH 'HSDUWDPHQWXOXL SHQWUX
3URWHF LD 0LQRULW LORU 1D LRQDOH vQ FDGUXO F UXLD H[LVW XQ ELURX FH VH DGUHVHD]
H[FOXVLY SUREOHPHORU URPLORU ,GHQWLWDWHD HWQLF HVWH SXWHUQLF SURQXQ DW OD
PDMRULWDWHD URPLORU GH QD LRQDOLWDWH URPkQ GHúL DúD FXP V-D PHQ LRQDW DQWHULRU
instinctul de auto-FRQVHUYDUH vL REOLJ DGHVHRUL SH PHPEULL DFHVWHL PLQRULW L V -úL
DVFXQG DFHDVW LGHQWLWDWH FHO SX LQ DWXQFL FkQG LQWU vQ FRQWDFW FX FRPXQLW L GH DOWH
etnii.
,VWRULFXO LGHQWLW LL HWQLFH VDX QD LRQDOH
ÌQ FDOLWDWH GH VFODYL URPLL GH QD LRQDOLWDWH URPkQ HUDX FDWHJRUL]D L vQ IXQF LH GH
VW SkQLL ORU ELVHULFD FXUWHD GRPQHDVF VDX LQGLYLGXO DSRL HUDX GLYL]D L vQ IXQF LH GH
ORFXO XQGH OXFUDX úL GH GHSULQGHULOH SH FDUH OH DYHDX &URZH 'XS FXP V-a
PHQ LRQDW GHMD FKLDU úL GXS FH VFODYLD D IRVW DEROLW PXO L URPL V-DX Y ]XW vQ VLWXD LD
de a sH vQWRDUFH OD VW SkQLL ORU QHJ VLQG R DOW FDOH GH D VXSUDYLH XL $XWRRUJDQL]DUHD
YLWDO LGHQWLW LL PLQRULWDUH QX V-D PDQLIHVWDW OD URPLL GH QD LRQDOLWDWH URPkQ SkQ vQ
anii ‘30, când sentimentele anti-roma s-DX DPSOLILFDW úL JXYHUQXO FDUH QX FRQVLGHUD F
URPLL PHULWDX V DLE DFHOHDúL GUHSWXUL FD úL FHOHODOWH PLQRULW L L-D GHWHUPLQDW V
DF LRQH]H vQ DFHVW VHQV 3ULPD RUJDQL]D LH URPD D OXDW ILLQ vQ &ODERU vQ LDU
PHPEULL DFHVWHLD DX vQFHSXW V LQWUH OD XQLYHUVLWDWH 7RW vQ SHULRDGD UHVSHFWLY D DS UXW
ziarul 1HDPXO LJ QHVF WUHL DQL PDL WkU]LX vQILLQ kQGX-VH $VRFLD LD *HQHUDO D
5RPLORU GLQ 5RPkQLD 8OWLPD D ILLQ DW GRDU XQ DQ WLPS vQ FDUH D VFRV GRX SXEOLFD LL
FHD PHQ LRQDW DQWHULRU Glasul Romilor úL XQ DOW ]LDU O Rom $VRFLD LD D PDL Vprijinit
DGRSWDUHD XQHL V UE WRUL QD LRQDOH FDUH V FHOHEUH]H HPDQFLSDUH URPLORU GH DVHPHQHD
s-DX PDL OXDW vQ GLVFX LH SODQXUL SHQWUX R ELEOLRWHF XQ VSLWDO R XQLYHUVLWDWH GDU HOH Q-
DX IRVW ILQDOL]DWH QLFLRGDW &RQJUHVXO 0RQGLDO DO 5RPLORU GLQ D IRVW SDU LDO
SODQLILFDW GH DVRFLD LH DFHVWD D VXV LQXW XQ SURJUDP PHQLW V FUHDVF QLYHOXO GH
FRQúWLHQWL]DUH HWQLF D URPLORU úL V FHDU PDL PXOWH GUHSWXUL SHQWUX URPL &URZH
1991:69- ÌQ vQ %XFXUHúWL V-D vQILLQ DW 8QLXQHD *HQHUDO D 5RPLORU Gin
5RPkQLD ILLQG FRQGXV GH *KHRUJKH 1LFROHVFX FDUH D PLOLWDW LQWHQV SHQWUX HUDGLFDUHD
nomadismului. Cel de-DO GRLOHD U ]ERL PRQGLDO D vQVHPQDW WRWRGDW úL VWRSDUHD
vQILLQ ULL GH RUJDQL]D LL DOH URPLORU vQ (XURSD /LHJHRLV 5HJLPXO
comunist inVWDODW vQ 5RPkQLD úL-D OXDW WRDWH P VXULOH SHQWUX D VH DVLJXUD F URPLL QX
DX QLFL R úDQV GH D vQILLQ D DOWH RUJDQL]D LL FHO SX LQ SkQ GXS URPLL vQWU-
DGHY U QX DX PDL FUHDW QLFL R RUJDQL]D LH
,GHQWLWDWHD HWQLF D URPLORU GLQ 5RPkQLD UHLHVH FHO SX LQ OD XQHOH JUXSXUL GLQ
FRVWXPHOH WUDGL LRQDOH SH FDUH OH SRDUW GLQ IHOXO vQ FDUH VH PkQGUHVF FX PX]LFD ORU

FX PHVHULLOH ORU &X WRDWH DFHVWHD PXO L URPL SUHIHU V QHJH DFHVWH DVSHFWH DOH
LGHQWLW LL ORU SHQWUX D QX SUHMXGLFLD úDQVHOH ORU GH D IL DQJDMD L VDX RSRUWXQLW LOH
FRSLLORU ORU GH D DYHD R HGXFD LH 6SHFWUXO YLROHQ HL SUHGRPLQDQW vQ 5RPkQLD SkQ vQ
HVWH XQ DOW PRWLY FDUH IDFH FD PXOWH FRPXQLW L GH URPL V ILH UHIUDFWDUH OD RULFH
IRUP GH RUJDQL]DUH VDX V QX vúL DVXPH LGHQWLWDWHD ) U vQGRLDO DFHDVWD HVWH R
WU V WXU JHQHUDO D FRPXQLW LORU GH URPL DFHVW DVSHFW UHLHúLQG úL GLQ QXP UXO PDUH
GH RUJDQL]D LL DOH URPLORU DS UXWH GXS
3H GH DOW SDUWH 'RQDOG .HQULFN FRQVLGHU GLVFULPLQDUHD VDX UHIX]XO SRSXOD LHL
majoritare de a-L DFFHSWD FD ILLQG FDX]HOH FDUH VWDX OD ED]D S VWU ULL LGHQWLW LL ORU (O
VXV LQH FKLDU F vQFHUF ULOH GLIHULWHORU JXYHUQH GLQ (XURSD GH (VW GH D-L DVLPLOD IRU DW
DX HúXDW GLQ FDX]D IDSWXO F VRFLHW LOH FDUH XUPDX V -i asimileze nu i-au acceptat
(KeQULFN 'H DFHHD VH SRDWH VSXQH F URPLL V-au aflat la îndemâna
SRSXOD LLORU GH DOWH HWQLL DFHVWD ILLQG PRWLYXO SULQFLSDO FDUH D VWDW OD ED]D FRQWLQX ULL
LGHQWLW LL úL FXOWXULL ORU
3ROLWLFLOH UHJLPXOXL FRPXQLVW vQ SULYLQ D GRPLFLOLXOXL IRU DW D REOLJDWLYLW LL DQJDM ULL
úL D HGXFD LHL L-DX DS UDW SH URPL GH XUD HWQLF SH FDUH LQGLYL]L GH DOWH HWQLL DX VLP LW-o
SHQWUX HL 'LQ HL QX DX PDL EHQHILFLDW GH DFHDVW SURWHF LH FRQIUXQWkQGX-se cu
GLVFULPLQDUHD vQ HGXFD LH úL SH SLD D PXQFLL %raham, 1992:28).
&X WRDWH DFHVWHD LGHQWLWDWHD URPD vQF H[LVW 6-D REVHUYDW F LPSRUWDQ D GLIHUHQ HORU
FXOWXUDOH GLQ HVWXO (XURSHL VH GDWRUHD] vQFHUF ULORU GLQ WLPSXO FRPXQLVPXOXL GH D
DVLPLOD SRSXOD LLOH PLQRULWDUH úL D SURFHVXOXL GH UH-impunere a culturilor ce i-a urmat.
0HPEULL PLQRULW LORU DX IRVW FX DWkW PDL KRW Uk L V -úL S VWUH]H LGHQWLW LOH FX FkW
FRQGL LLOH GH WUDL vQ UHJLPXO GH GLQDLQWH GH DX IRVW PDL GLILFLOH VWUXFWXUD
VRFLHW LL ILLQG PXOWLHWQLF 3UREOHPD SH FDUH URPLL DX PRúWHQLW-o de la precursori
FRQVWD GLQ OLSVD XQHL SDWULL PDP 'LQ DFHDVW FDX] HL V-DX VLP LW GH PXOWH RUL PDL
DSURSLD L GH SRSXOD LD PDMRULWDU GHFkW GH URPLL FDUH WU LHVF vQ DOWH S U L 2 DQXPLW
GLVWDQ DUH D URPLORU GH SRSXOD LLOH GH DOWH HWQLL HVWH LPSRUWDQW SHQWUX D OH SHUPLWH V -
úL PHQ LQ LGHQWLWDWHD 6WHZDUW
Unele ONG-XUL GH H[HPSOX 5URPDQL &ULVV SDU LDO VDX PDMRULWDU IRUPDWH GLQ URPL
OXFUHD] SHQWUX D SUHYHQL GLVFULPLQ ULOH úL D IDFLOLWD vQ HOHJHUHD GLQWUH URPL úL FHLODO L
Evident, mai sunW vQF PXOWH GH IFXW GDU URPLL WUHEXLH V VH GHEDUDVH]H GH
GHSHQGHQ D ORU ID GH VWDW FDUH QX vL YD PDL DMXWD FXP D I FXW-o în trecut.
5H]LVWHQ D PLQRULW LL ID GH DVLPLODUH VDX DFFHSWDUHD HL
7HQGLQ D URPLORU GH D DGRSWD OLPED úL FKLDU UHOLJLD H[LVWHQWH vQ ]RQD vQ FDUH WU LHVF
XQHRUL GHFODUkQG OD UHFHQV PLQWH F DSDU LQ DOWRU HWQLL HVWH SUREDELO PRWLYDW vQ FHD
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ÌQ WLPS FH PXO L URPL GH QD LRQDOLWDWH URPkQ ÄDX DEandonat” unele aspecte ale
FXOWXULL ORU DX S VWUDW DOWHOH /LPED URPDQL GH H[HPSOX HVWH vQWkOQLW OD DSUR[LPDWLY
GLQ SRSXOD LH XQHOH WULEXUL S VWUHD] úL vPEU F PLQWHD WUDGL LRQDO &X WRDWH
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În timpul comunismului s-D vQFHUFDW DVLPLODUHD SRSXOD LLORU PLQRULWDUH GLQ 5RPkQLD

LQFOXVLY D URPLORU & DFHVW OXFUX D IRVW XQ HúHF UHLHVH GLQ UHFHQV Pkntul din 1966,
GLQ UH]XOWDWHOH vQUHJLVWUDWH vQ SULYLQ D OLPELL (OH DUDW ]RQH VHPQLILFDWLYH vQ FDUH VH
IRORVHDX OLPELOH PLQRULW LORU vQ ORFXO OLPELL URPkQH FDUH HUD GRPLQDQW 'LQ
UHFHQV PkQW UHLHVH F GLQ URPLL GH QD LRQDOLWDWH URPkQ DX DGRSWDW limba
URPkQ vQ WLPS FH DX S VWUDW OLPED URPDQL LDU FX GRPLFLOLX vQ
7UDQVLOYDQLD YRUEHDX OLPED PDJKLDU *LOEHUJ -5).
3ROLWLFD RILFLDO vQ SULYLQ D URPLORU V-D VFKLPEDW vQ DQLL (L DX IRVW SXU úL VLPSOX
LJQRUD L +HOVLQNL :DWFK 6SUH VIkUúLWXO DFHVWHL GHFDGH 3DUWLGXO &RPXQLVW
5RPkQ 3&5 úL-D GDW VHDPD F QX SXWHDX SUHWLQGH SXU úL VLPSOX F URPLL QX H[LVWDX
În 1977 s-DX I FXW QRL vQFHUF UL GH DVLPLODUH FKLDU GDF VXFFHVXO ORU QX D IRVW SUHD
mare, probabil din cauza ÄFXOWXOXL SHUVRQDOLW LL´ DO OXL &HDXúHVFX úL D JXYHUQXOXL FDUH
GHYHQHD WRW PDL QD LRQDOLVW &XOWXUD D GHYHQLW LQW D DFHVWXL VHQWLPHQW &XOWXUD
URPLORU D SO WLW GLQ SOLQ SUH XO DF LXQLORU vQWUHSULQVH GH UHJLP 5RPLL VXQW IDLPRúL
pentru talentul lor muzical, fapt recunoscut nu numai în România, ci pretutindeni. Pe
P VXU FH JXYHUQXO H[WLQGHD FXOWXUD URPkQLORU vQ GHWULPHQWXO FHOHL D PLQRULW LORU
PX]LFLHQLL URPL HUDX H[FOXúL GLQ DQVDPEOXULOH GH PX]LF SRSXODU /LPED URPDQL D
IRVW LQWHU]LV úL HD FHHD FH vQVHPQD F URPLL FDUH YRLDX V FkQWH WUHEXLDX V R IDF vQ
OLPED URPkQ +HOVLQNL :DWFK $VWIHO GH SROLWLFL QX SXWHDX IDFH GHFkW U X
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ILLQG DXWHQWLILFDW SULQ VHPQDUHD XQXL SURWRFRO GH F WUH 6LQGLFDW úL '310 SH PDL
1999 (Max van der Stoel, 2000:148).
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ILLQG SUH]HQ L UHSUH]HQWDQ L DL PLQLVWHUHORU LPSRUWDQWH 'XS FXP V-a precizat, acest
organism are, prin natura sa, un rol consultativ, fiiQG FHO FDUH YD IDFH UHFRPDQG UL
comitetului inter-PLQLVWHULDO GDU HVWH FHO GLQ XUP RUJDQLVP FDUH YD OXD GHFL]LL ILQDOH
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vQ FDUH RSLQLLOH ORU YRU IL UHIOHFWDWH GH SROLWLFD QD LRQDO FX SULYLUH OD FRPXQLWDWHD
roma.
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fie semnat de ministerele relevante, pentru a fi înaintat apoi parlamentului (Max van
der Stoel, 2000:53). Între timp, România a dezvoltat mecanisme pentru medierea
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UHSUH]HQWDQ LL URPLORU úL DL DOWRU FRPXQLW L DWkW OD QLYHO ORFDO FkW úL OD QLYHO QD LRQDO
(Max van der Stoel, 2000:55).
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(Max van der Stoel, 2000:56).
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propus închiderea romilor într-XQ ODJ U $VRFLD LLOH URPD DX FHUXW LQVWLWX LLORU VWDWXOXL
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SRDWH IL IDSWXO F VRFLHWDWHD URPkQHDVF HVWH DQJUHQDW vQWU-un proces de
GHPRFUDWL]DUH úL GLQ DFHVW PRWLY SRSXOD LD D GHYHQLW PDL WROHUDQW ID GH ³DOWHULWDWH´
ÌQ FLXGD WXWXURU DFHVWRU FRQVWDW UL FRQIRUP EDURPHWUXOXL HWQLF PDL-iunie 2000, gradul
GH UHVSLQJHUH D URPLORU vQF vQUHJLVWUHD] XQ QLYHO vQDOW vQF H[LVW XQ SURFHQW
VHPQLILFDWLY GH URPkQL FDUH QX DU SHUPLWH SRSXOD LHL URPD V WU LDVF vQ 5RPkQLD
38% - ³1X Dú SHUPLWH SRSXOD LHL URPD V WU LDVF vQ DFHDVW DU ´ &HQWUXO GH
&HUFHWDUH D 5HOD LLORU ,QWHUHWQLFH
2UJDQL]D LLOH QD LRQDOLVWH IRORVHVF GH DVHPHQHD XQ GLVFXUV LQVWLJDWRU OD DGUHVD
FRPXQLW LL URPD 9DWUD 5RPkQHDVF HVWH XQ JUXS QD LRQDOLVW H[WUHPLVW FDUH D OXDW
QDúWHUH vQ 7kUJX 0XUHú OD SX LQ WLPS GXS F GHUHD FRPXQLVPXOXL 6H SUHVXSXQH F
HVWH IDFWRUXO GHWHUPLQDQW DO YLROHQ HORU FDUH V-au petrecut în martie 1990. Vatra îi
WUDWHD] vQWU-XQ PRG DSDUWH SH FHW HQLL URPL H[SULPkQGX-úL RELHFWLYXO FD ³R OXSW
VkQJHURDV vPSRWULYD LJDQLORU úL D FHORUODOWH PLQRULW L´ 2UJDQL]D LD SUHWLQGH F

³S PkQWXO VIkQW DO 5RPkQLHL D IRVW EDWMRFRULW GH DVLDWLFL KXQL LJDQL úL DO L
YDJDERQ]L´ 7UDWDPHQWXO DFWXDO DSOLFDW LJDQLORU vQ 5RPkQLD úL vQ DOWH UL GLQ UHJLXQH
HVWH Y ]XW GH F WUH 'RQDOG .HQULFN ³PDL GHJUDE FD R HSXUDUH HWQLF GHFkW FD XQ
genocid, o încercare de a-L GHWHUPLQD SH LJDQL V HPLJUH]H vQ PDV .HQULFN
(FKLOLEUXO GLQWUH OLEHUWDWHD RSLQLHL úL SURWHF LD vPSRWULYD UDVLVPXOXL D
JUXSXULORU PLQRULWDUH HVWH XQXO IUDJLO GDU HVWH YLWDO SHQWUX VXSUDYLH XLUHD SRSXOD LLORU
URPD GLQ (XURSD GH (VW ([DPLQDUHD FD]XULORU GH YLROHQ vPSRWULYD URPLORU GLQ
vQFRDFH LQGLF vQ PRG HYLGHQW DWkW DWLWXGLQHD SRSXOD LHL vQ FHHD FH vL SULYHúWH SH URPL
FkW úL OLSVD EXQ YRLQ HL JXYHUQXOXL GH D IDFH FHYD SHQWUX D VFKLPED DFHDVW DWLWXGLQH
&X WRDWH F ,XOLXV 5RVWDú DILUP F ³GXS QX D H[LVWDW YLROHQ FRPXQLWDU
vPSRWULYD FRPXQLW LORU URPD´ UDSRUWXO DVXSUD VLWXD LHL GLQ 5RPkQLD vQWRFPLW GH
³+XPDQ 5LJKWV :DWFK´ FRQWUD]LFH DFHDVW DILUPD LH , 5RVWDú +5: 2000).
Mass-PHGLD HVWH GH DVHPHQL R VXUV DFWLY GH VWHUHRWLSXUL DQWL-roma. O serie de titluri
DS UXWH vQ GRX ]LDUH QD LRQDOH vQ SHULRDGD PDL-LXOLH GHPRQVWUHD] IRDUWH FODU
DFHDVW DWLWXGLQH ³2 OLFKLGDUH GH FRQWXUL VkQJHURDV vQWUH GRL LJDQL´ ($GHY UXO,
20 mai 1998), ³3URFHVXO OXL )DQH & S kQ – &RQIUXQWDUH vQWUH PDILLOH LJ QHúWL´
($GHY UXO, 24 iunie 1998), ³ LJDQLL GLQ & ] QHúWL VH EDW SHQWUX DOXPLQLXO IXUDW´
($GHY UXO, 13 iulie 1998), “/XSWHOH GLQWUH PDILLOH LJ QHúWL LDX R SDX] –
9LQRYD LL ³DVDOWXOXL GH OD 6WU XOHúWL´ DX IRVW DUHVWD L´ (Ziua, 14 iulie 1998), “'RX
FHWH GH LJDQL vQDUPD L FX EkWH GH EDVHEDOO V-DX E WXW vQ ]RQD úWUDQGXOXL
Tineretului” (Ziua, 29 iulie 1998).
9DVLOH ,RQHVFX 9 ,RQHVFX VXV LQH F SURFHGkQG DVWIHO VH vQFDOF VWLSXOD LLOH
&RQVWLWX LHL UHIHULWRDUH OD RULFH IRUP GH GLVFULPLQDUH DUWLFROXO &RQVWLWX LD
5RPkQLHL ÌQ OXQD DXJXVW *XYHUQXO 5RPkQLHL D GDW R RUGRQDQ GH XUJHQ
pentru a combate orice tip de discriminare. În afara articolelor care dezinformau, dând
QDúWHUH VWHUHRWLSXULORU QHJDWLYH H[LVW FHOH FDUH VXQW SXUH LQYHQ LL $FHVWD HVWH úL FD]XO
unui articol publicat în Transilvania Jurnal (un ziar regional) pe data de 25 iulie, 1998
GH F WUH 2DQD 3DWULFLD FX WLWOXO “Tragedia unei familii din Arad – I-au scos ochii
pentru a-O IDFH FHUúHWRU´ =LDULVWD SUH]LQW SRYHVWHD XQHL SHUVRDQH FDUH E WHD XQ JUXS
GH URPL 3HUVRDQD UHVSHFWLY H[SOLFD vQWU-R MXP WDWH GH SDJLQ FXP ILXO V X D IRVW
U SLW GH LJDQL L V-DX VFRV RFKLL úL DSRL D IRVW SXV V FHUúHDVF 'XS FH úL-D J VLW ILXO
HO D MXUDW V EDW ILHFDUH URP SH FDUH vO vQWkOQHD “ I-au scos ochii copilului meu cu un
ILHU vQURúLW vQ IRF $OWHL SHUVRDQH L-DX W LDW PkQD vQ WLPS FH DOWXLD L-DX W LDW
picioarele punându-O SH OLQLD IHUDW SHQWUX D-i trDQVIRUPD vQ FHUúHWRUL 6SXQH L-mi,
H[LVW OHJL FDUH V P VDOYH]H GH OD DúD FHYD" ùL HX VXQW IHULFLW SHQWUX F FHO SX LQ
mi-DP J VLW FRSLOXO FKLDU GDF HVWH RUE ÌQV FH VH vQWkPSO FX DO L S ULQ L"´
Liga PRO EUROPA a trimis o scrisoare pe data de 28 LXOLH úHIXOXL 3ROL LHL
-XGH XOXL $UDG SHQWUX D FHUH LQIRUPD LL FX SULYLUH OD HYHQLPHQWXO GHVFULV LQ DUWLFRO
ùHIXO SROL LHL GLQ $UDG D VSXV F QX HVWH vQUHJLVWUDW QLFL XQ DVWIHO GH FD] $VWIHO V-a
GRYHGLW F DUWLFROXO D IRVW GRDU R LQYHQ LH R ³SRYHVWH EXQ ´ SHQWUX YkQ]DUHD ]LDUXOXL
5HOD LLOH FX DOWH PLQRULW L GDF H[LVW
9LROHQ D FRPXQLWDU vPSRWULYD URPLORU D IRVW R WU V WXU FDUDFWHULVWLF D UHOD LLORU
GLQWUH FHW HQLL URPD úL PDJKLDULL GLQ 5RPkQLD FD GH DOWIHO úL D UHOD LLORU GLQWUH
FRPXQLWDWHD URPD úL SRSXOD LD PDMRULWDU ÌQ DQXPLWH PRPHQWH URPkQLL úL PDJKLDULL

úL-DX XQLW IRU HOH SHQWUX D DWDFD FRPXQLW LOH URPD ORFDOH :HEHU XQ
DVHPHQHD LQFLGHQW DYkQG ORF vQ vQ &DúLQXO 1RX R ORFDOLWDWH SUHGRPLQDQW
PDJKLDU GLQ MXGH XO +DUJKLWD 3H GDWD GH DXJXVW D DFHOXL DQ vQWUHDJD SRSXOD LH
URPD D IRVW L]JRQLW GLQ ORFDOLWDWH LDU FDVHOH ORU DX IRVW LQFHQGLDWH VDX GLVWUXVH SULQ
DOWH PLMORDFH 3ROL LD QX D I FXW QLPLF SHQWUX D SUHYHQL DFWHOH GH YLROHQ FD XUPDUH
marea majoritate a romilor nu s-au mai întors în localitate, ci au mers în satul vecin,
3O LHúLL GH 6XV VDX OD %XFXUHúWL 3ULQWUH PDUWRULL DFHVWXL HYHQLPHQW VH DIOD OD R
RDUHFDUH GLVWDQ úL XQ URP GDU OXL QX L V-D FHUXW V GHD GHFODUD LL 0DJKLDULL D F URU
dovezi au fost luate în considerare de investigatori au amintit crime anterioare comise
GH PHPEULL FRPXQLW LL URPD SHQWUX D MXVWLILFD DWDFXO 7R L DX QHJDW SDUWLFLSDUHD OD
HYHQLPHQWH úL VXV LQHDX F D IRVW SUHD vQWXQHULF FD V IL Y ]XW FLQH DX IRVW DXWRULL
PotrLYLW $VRFLD LHL SHQWUX $S UDUHD 'UHSWXULORU 2PXOXL $3$'2 URPLL FDUH QX V-au
vQWRUV vQ ORFDOLWDWH QX DX SULPLW QLFLRGDW YUHR FRPSHQVD LH SHQWUX SLHUGHUHD
SURSULHW LL $3$'2 -16).
0LQRULWDWHD URPD WUHEXLH V IDF ID SUHMXGHF LORU GLQ SDUWHD tuturor celorlalte
PLQRULW L GLQ 5RPkQLD &HUFHW ULOH HIHFWXDWH vQ DX DU WDW F HL VXQW UHVSLQúL
GH FRPXQLWDWHD JHUPDQ GH GLQ PHPEULL FRPXQLW LL PDJKLDUH GH
FHOHODOWH QD LRQDOLW L XFUDLQHQL HYUHL UXúL OLSRYHQL HWF úL SRDWH FHO PDL úRFDQW HVWH
IDSWXO F úL GH GLQ PHPEULL FRPXQLW LL ORU 'RDU GLQ LQGLYL]LL FKHVWLRQD L QX
DX GDW XQ U VSXQV OD vQWUHEDUHD FX SULYLUH OD PLQRULWDWHD URPD XQ LQGLFDWRU FODU DO
IDSWXOXL F SUREOHPD URPD HVWH FRQúWLHQWL]DW GH SXEOLF 3RSXOD LD UXUDO VLWXHD]
PLQRULWDWHD URPD SH R SR]L LH PDL IDYRUDELO GHFkW SRSXOD LD XUEDQ
potrivit studiului efectuat (Abraham, 1995:103). Etnobarometrul mai-LXQLH DUDW
F DWLWXGLQHD QHJDWLY D PDJKLDULORU vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH FRPXQLWDWHD URPD 1X Dú
SHUPLWH FHW HQLORU URPD V WU LDVF vQ DFHDVW DU V-a diminuat, atingând un nivel
VLPLODU FX FHO DO URPkQLORU &HQWUXO GH &HUFHWDUH D 5HOD LLORU ,QWHUHWQLFH
2000).
5HOD LLOH GLQWUH UHJLXQLOH ORFXLWH GH PLQRULWDWH úL DXWRULW LOe centrale
0LQRULWDWHD URPD GLQ 5RPkQLD QX RFXS R UHJLXQH DQXPH LDU SUH]HQ D ORU HVWH
LPSRVLELO GH GHILQLW vQ WHUPHQL JHRJUDILFL (L WU LHVF vQ WRDWH UHJLXQLOH 5RPkQLHL úL VH
PXW IUHFYHQW GH FHOH PDL PXOWH RUL GLQ FDX]D YLROHQ HL FRPXQLWDUH :HEHU
199 'LQ DFHVW PRWLY QX VH SRDWH YRUEL GHVSUH ³UHOD LL vQWUH ]RQHOH ORFXLWH GH
FRPXQLWDWHD URPD úL DXWRULW LOH FHQWUDOH vQ DFHODúL IHO FXP DFHDVW IRUPXO VH DSOLF
vQ FD]XO DOWRU PLQRULW L
'XS FXP V-D VXEOLQLDW vQ VXEFDSLWROXO DXWRULW LOH URPkQH WUDWHD] vQ PRG
discriminator minoritatea roma, atât direct, prin nepedepsirea celor care comit crime
vPSRWULYD URPLORU FkW úL LQGLUHFW SULQ OLSVD XQHL OHJLVOD LL DGHFYDWH FDUH V SURWHMH]H
GUHSWXULOH DFHVWHL PLQRULW L
3. LIMBA
3.1. Descrierea limbii
)DPLOLD OLQJYLVWLF
0XO L URPL GLQ 5RPkQLD YRUEHVF SH OkQJ OLPED VSHFLILF UHJLXQLL vQ FDUH VH vQWkPSO

V VH DIOH ILH HD URPkQ PDJKLDU VDX RULFDUH DOWD úL OLPED URPDQL $FHDVW OLPE DUH
XQ YRFDEXODU OLPLWDW úL VH DVHDP Q IRDUWH PXOW FX OLPED YRUELW vQ SUH]HQW vQ ,QGLD
(VWH R S UHUH JHQHUDO DFFHSWDW F HWQLFLL URPL VXQW GHVFHQGHQ LL LQGLHQLORU GH FDVW
LQIHULRDU SDUWH D FDVWHL 'RPH FDUH HUDX PX]LFLHQL úL vPSOHWLWRUL GH IXQLL 0RVV
1993:138).
În Ungaria, secolul al XVIII-lea, s-a efectuat un studiu pentru a compara limba romani
FX OLPELOH LQGLHQH úL FDUH VH SDUH LQGLFD IDSWXO F H[LVW R OHJ WXU IRDUWH VWUkQV vQWUH
HOH $FHDVW OHJ WXU D IRVW XOWHULRU FRQILUPDW GH OLQJYLúWL LDU FHUFHW ULOH PDL UHFHQWH
DUDW F DFHVWH GHVFRSHULUL HUDX GHMD vQUHJLVWUDWH GH LVWRULFL DUDEL úL SHUVDQL /LHJHRLV
1995:7).
'LQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH VWUXFWXUDO HVWH R OLPE IOH[LELO FHHD FH vQVHDPQ F WHUPLQD LLOH
FXYLQWHORU YDULD] SHQWUX D H[SULPD FRQFHSWH SUHFXP JHQXO úL FD]XO FD úL vQ OLmba
ODWLQ .HQGULFN ([LVW FLQFL VDX úDVH FD]XUL GRX JHQXUL PDVFXOLQ úL
IHPLQLQ úL FkWHYD WLPSXUL .HQGULFN
'LDOHFWH úL XQLWDWH FRQúWLLQ D OLQJYLVWLF
/LQJYLúWLL VXV LQ F GHúL OLPED URPDQL D LQWUDW vQ (XURSD vQWU-o IRUP XQLWDU V-a
divizat într-R VHULH GH QXPHURDVH GLDOHFWH PXOWH GLQWUH HOH ILLQG LQIOXHQ DWH GH OLPELOH
PDMRULWDUH DOH VWDWHORU vQ FDUH WU LHVF SRSXOD LLOH URPD 6H HVWLPHD] F H[LVW vQWUH
úL GH GLDOHFWH úL F GLQ SRSXOD LD URPD GLQ (XURSD YRUEHúWH XQXO GLQWUH DFHVWHD
.HQULFN 7RWXúL DFHVWH GLDOHFWH VH SRW FODVLILFD vQ GRX JUXSH PDMRUH
³YDODK´ úL ³QRQ-YDODK´ &HO GLQ XUP SUHGRPLQ vQ 5RPkQLD úL D IRVW LQIOXHQ DW GH
OLPED URPkQ 5HPPHO
Cu toate acestea, în climaWXO DFWXDO GLQ 5RPkQLD HVWH GLILFLO V VH GH]YROWH OLPED
URPDQL (D QX HVWH LQWHU]LV vQ SXEOLF FL HVWH FKLDU SUHGDW vQWU-XQ QXP U IRDUWH PLF GH
úFROL GDU GDWRULW QLYHOXOXL vQDOW GH GLVFULPLQDUH GLUHFW úL LQGLUHFW FX FDUH VH
FRQIUXQW FRPXQLWDWHD URPD GLQ 5RPkQLD PXO L vúL QHDJ RULJLQHD HWQLF úL DVWIHO úL
OLPED $GHVHRUL JHQHUD LLOH WLQHUH QX DX vQY DW QLFLRGDW URPDQL úL YRUEHVF OLPED
PDMRULW LL GLQ UHJLXQHD vQ FDUH WU LHVF
,QVWUXPHQWH DOH FXQRDúWHULL GHVFULHUHD OLPELL úL D QRUPHORr (istoria formei
VFULVH úL D VWDQGDUGL] ULL
ÌQDLQWH GH QX H[LVWD R IRUP VWDQGDUG D OLPELL URPDQL 6H VFULD vQ IRUPH GLIHULWH
vQ ILHFDUH DU IRORVLQGX-se, în cea mai mare parte, alfabetul limbii majoritare. În 1990
a fost organizat cel de-al patUXOHD FRQJUHV PRQGLDO DO URPLORU OkQJ 9DUúRYLD /D
acest congres s-a luat decizia de a unifica dialectele într-R IRUP VWDQGDUGL]DW D
OLPELL &RQJUHVXO D DFFHSWDW FX PLFL UH LQHUL VLVWHPXO GH VFULHUH SURSXV GDU HVWH GHMD
SH FDOH V VH EXFXUH GH DFFHSWDUHD JHQHUDO .HQULFN
3.2. Istoria limbii
3.2.1. Origini
(VWH GLILFLO GH D DMXQJH OD XQ FRQVHQV vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH RULJLQHD OLPELL URPDQL VH
FUHGH F HVWH vQUXGLW FX 3XQMDEL úL +LQGL úL F SURYLQH GLQ ,QGLD GH XQGH D IRVW

U VSkQGLW RGDW FX PLJUD LD LQL LDO .HQULFN 0XOWH VWXGLL SDU V VXV LQ
DFHDVW WHRULH YH]L 6WXGLL HIHFWXDWH GH XQ SDVWRU PDJKLDU FDUH VWXGLD vQ
2ODQGD VHFROXO ;9,,, SUHFXP úL FHUFHW ULOH XOWHULRDUH GLQ GLQ $QJOLD YLQ V
VXV LQ DFHDVW Weorie (Kenrick, 1998:137).
(YROX LD
ÌQ GUXPXO V X GLQVSUH ,QGLD OLPED URPDQL D vPSUXPXWDW FXYLQWH GLQ DOWH OLPEL 'H
exemplu, cuvântul baht QRURF YLQH GLQ OLPED SHUVDQ vQ YUHPH FH FXYkQWXO drom
FDUH vQVHDPQ GUXP SDYDW YLQH GLQ JUHDF .HQUick, 1998:68).
2GDW FH SRSXOD LD URPD D LQWUDW vQ (XURSD úL V-D GLVSHUVDW vQ GLIHULWH VWDWH DX DS UXW
GLDOHFWHOH YH]L FDUH DSRL DX IRVW vQ PDUH P VXU LQIOXHQ DWH GH OLPELOH
SRSXOD LLORU PDMRULWDUH ILLQG DGHVHD VFULVH FX DMXWRUXO DOIDEHWXOXL Iolosit de vorbitorii
OLPELL PDMRULWDUH ([DPLQDUHD GLIHULWHORU GLDOHFWH GLQ FDGUXO OLPELL URPDQL LQGLF
GLUHF LLOH vQ FDUH V-DX vQGUHSWDW URPLL GXS FH DX S U VLW ,QGLD ÌQ PRG VLPLODU
H[DPLQDUHD YRFDEXODUXOXL úL PDL DOHV QXP UXO GH FXYLQWH ORFDOH DIODWe în limba
URPDQL LQGLF SHULRDGD GH WLPS vQ FDUH SRSXOD LLOH URPD DX U PDV vQWU-un singur loc
(Liegeois, 1986:36).
3URGXF LD FXOWXUDO vQ FDGUXO OLPELL OLWHUDWXU WUDGL LH RUDO
5RPLL DX R WUDGL LH RUDO ERJDW WUDQVPLV vQ OLPED ORU QDWDO ÌQFHS V DSDU VFULLWRUL
în limba romani, dar în România nu s-D HYLGHQ LDW QLFL XQ DVWIHO GH SHUVRQDM SkQ vQ
PRPHQWXO GH ID 3URGXF LD OLWHUDU vQ OLPED URPDQL QX D vQFHSXW GHFkW SULQ DQLL
1920, când în Europa de Est s-au publicat mai multe reviste. Genocidul în care au fost
LPSOLFD L FHW HQLL URPL vQ WLPSXO FHOXL GH-DO GRLOHD U ]ERL PRQGLDO D SXV FDS W RULF UHL
LQL LDWLYH GH DFHVW IHO GDU FkQG V-D vQFKHLDW U ]ERLXO D vQFHSXW V VH VFULH GLQ QRX vQ
limba romani. De atunci s-au publicat câteva romane, DXWRELRJUDILL úL OHJHQGH DO WXUL
GH FROHF LL GH SRH]LH úL VFXUWH SRYHVWLUL $X DS UXW GH DVHPHQHD ]LDUH úL UHYLVWH
7HDWUHOH GLQ FkWHYD UL DX SXV vQ VFHQ SLHVH vQ OLPED URPDQL DWkW RSHUH RULJLQDOH FkW
úL WUDGXFHUL 'H DVHPHQHD V-a tradus Noul Testament (Kendrick, 1998:68).
3.3. Date sociolingvistice actuale
5HJLXQHD vQ FDUH HVWH IRORVLW OLPED
&RPXQLW LOH URPD WU LHVF SH vQWUHJ WHULWRULXO 5RPkQLHL (L QX PDL WLQG VSUH
QRPDGLVP GDU GLVFULPLQ ULOH úL WHDPD GH YLROHQ D FRPXQLWDU VXQW UHIOHFWDte de faptul
F vQ PRG FRQVWDQW URPLL VH PXW GLQWU-un loc în altul. De aceea este imposibil de
LQGLFDW FX SUHFL]LH WHULWRULXO vQ FDUH VH YRUEHúWH OLPED URPDQL PDL DOHV F GRDU
GLQ URPLL GLQ 5RPkQLD VXQW FRQVLGHUD L FRPSHWHQ L SHQWUX D YRUEL OLPED Uomani.
1XP UXO GH SHUVRDQH FDUH IRORVHVF DFHDVW OLPE vQ DU úL HPLJUDQ L
GLQ URPLL GLQ 5RPkQLD YRUEHVF URPDQL GH RELFHL DO WXUL GH OLPED URPkQ
Grupuri mai mici vorbesc maghiara, germana, turca sau bulgara (Grupul pentru
Drepturile MinRULW LORU – 0LQRULW\ 5LJKW *URXS 'DWRULW SROLWLFLORU GH
DVLPLODUH PXO L FHW HQL URPD úL-DX XLWDW SURSULD OLPE IDSW FDUH D DYXW XQ HIHFW
U VXQ WRU vQ FDGUXO PLQRULW LL

3H PDSDPRQG H[LVW FLUFD PLOLRDQH GH RDPHQL FDUH YRUEHVF XQXO din dialectele
OLPELL URPDQL 7RDWH DSUR[LPD LLOH XUP WRDUH VXQW vQYHFKLWH QHPDLILLQG DFWXDOL]DWH
$FHVWHD LQFOXG GLDOHFWHOH YDODK U VSkQGLW vQ (XURSD PDL DOHV vQ 5RPkQLD úL YRUELW
de 710.000 indivizi; Erlia, un dialect balcanic concentrat în Bulgaria ULOH IRVWHL

SULYLWRDUH OD DGPLQLVWUD LD ORFDO PRGLILFDW GXS FDUH VWLSXOHD] F vQ
ORFDOLW LOH XQGH FHW HQLL DSDU LQkQG XQHL PLQRULW L QD LRQDOH GHS úHVF HL SRW V
IRORVHDVF OLPED PDWHUQ vQ UHOD LLOH FX DXWRULW LOH LDU GHQXPLULOH ORFDOLW LORU úL DOH
LQVWLWX LLORU FD úL GLUHFWLYHOH DGPLQLVWUD LHL ORFDOH YRU DS UHD úL vQ OLPED ORU PDWHUQ
/HJHD DGPLQLVWUD LHL SXEOLFH QU RFWRPbrie 1991, nr. 24, aprilie 1996).
4. RELIGIA
0DMRULWDWHD HWQLFLORU URPL GLQ 5RPkQLD VXQW GH UHOLJLH RUWRGR[ &HL FDUH QX DSDU LQ
DFHVWHL UHOLJLL WLQG V VH LQWHJUH]H UHOLJLHL GRPLQDQWH GLQ ]RQD vQ FDUH WU LHVF
(Romanian Human Rights Institute, 1993:93 9DVLOH ,RQHVFX HYLGHQ LD] XUP WRUXO
DVSHFW ELVHULFLOH FDUH LQ VOXMEH vQ OLPED URPDQL QX SULPHVF DMXWRU ILQDQFLDU GLQ SDUWHD
Secretariatului de Stat pentru Culte (V. Ionescu, 2000).
,GHQWLILFDUHD XQHL PLQRULW L UHOLJLRDVH
4.1.1. Libertatea relLJLRDV
5HOD LLOH FX FRPXQLWDWHD UHOLJLRDV GRPLQDQW úL FX DOWH FRPXQLW L
0RGXUL SULQ FDUH VWDWXO SURWHMHD] VDX vPSLHGLF DFWLYLW LOH UHOLJLRDVH DOH
PLQRULW LL
5. STATUTUL LEGAL GENERAL
5.1. Trecutul
În calitate de sclavi, etnicii roma din România nu aveau nici un fel de drepturi legale.
'XS FXP V-D SUH]HQWDW vQ VXEFDSLWROXO HL SXWHDX IL FXPS UD L úL YkQGX L vQ
IXQF LH GH GLVSR]L LD ³SURSULHWDUXOXL´ ORU 3ULPHOH GRFXPHQWH OHJDOH vQ FDUH URPLL VXQW
PHQ LRQD L FD VFODYL GDWHD] vQF GLQ ÌQ YUHPHD ,PSHULXOXL $XVWUR-Ungar au
IRVW GLQ QRX VXSXúL XQXL WUDWDPHQW DVSUX ÌQ 7UDQVLOYDQLD DX IRVW úL vQUREL L LDU vQ
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FRQIUXQW úL FHLODO L HOHYL FRSLLL URPL VH EXFXU GH IRDUWH SX LQ DWHQ LH Feea ce face
FD UDWD DEVHQWHLVPXOXL úL D DEDQGRQXOXL V ILH IRDUWH ULGLFDW .URKQ
'XS FXP V-D PHQ LRQDW PDL VXV QX H[LVW VWDWLVWLFL VHSDUDWH SHQWUX HOHYLL URPL GLQ
FLFOX JLPQD]LDO úL OLFHX (OH SUH]LQW WRWXúL R VHULH GH FkWHYD úFROL GLQ 7UDQVilvania
IUHFYHQWDWH GH DFHúWLD vQ FDUH OLPED GH SUHGDUH HVWH PDJKLDUD 0LQLVWHUXO (GXFD LHL
1D LRQDOH
(GXFD LD VXSHULRDU úL FHUFHWDUHD
1X VH SUHD SRDWH YRUEL GHVSUH HGXFD LH VXSHULRDU vQ FHHD FH vL SULYHúWH SH HWQLFLL URPL
din România pentru F IRDUWH SX LQL VXQW FHL FDUH UHXúHVF V DWLQJ DFHVW QLYHO $YkQG
vQ YHGHUH FRPELQDUHD OLSVHL GH DWHQ LH úL D GLVFULPLQ ULL GLQ úFROL FX OLSVD LQWHUHVXOXL
SHQWUX HGXFD LH D S ULQ LORU QX HVWH GHORF VXUSULQ] WRU F SX LQL FRSLL URPL VXQW ELQH
HGXFD L $FHúWLD YRU WUDQVPLWH XUPDúLORU ORU H[SHULHQ HOH QHJDWLYH úL FHUFXO YLFLRV
FRQWLQX UHSHUFXUVLXQLOH DVXSUD SRVLELOLW LORU GH DQJDMDUH ILLQG PDMRUH
7RWXúL DVHPHQL HGXFD LHL OD DOWH QLYHOH VLWXD LD SDUH V VH VFKLPEH 6WDWLVWLFLOH
0LQLVWHUXOXL (GXFD LHL 1D LRQDOH SHQWUX DQXO VWXGHQ HVF LQGLF GH
VWXGHQ L URPL OD XQLYHUVLW L GLQ WRDW DUD ILH VWXGHQ L ILH DVLVWHQ L FHUFHW WRUL OD GUHSW
VRFLRORJLH úWLLQ H QDWXUDOH úL OLWHUDWXU 0DMRULWDWHD DFHVWRUD vQYD vQ OLPED URPkQ
GDU úL vQ OLPED URPDQL OD 8QLYHUVLWDWHD GLQ %XFXUHúWL VHF LD 5RPDQL IUHFYHQWDW DWkW
GH VWXGHQ L URPL FkW úL GH VWXGHQ L GH DOWH HWQLL SDJLQD ZHE D 0LQLVWHUXOXL (GXFD LHL
1D LRQDOH

1XP UXO VWXGHQ LORU URPL FDUH VH vQVFULX OD IDFXOWDWH HVWH LQILP FKLDU úL DúD UHDOL] ULOH
FHORU FDUH DX DEVROYLW R IDFXOWDWH VXQW R P UWXULH D SRWHQ LDOXOXL ORU MXVWLILFkQG
FUHúWHUHD HIRUWXULORU GH D P UL SDUWLFLSDUHD HWQLFLORU URPL OD vQY PkQWXO VXSHULRU
8QLL GLQWUH OLGHULL JHQHUD LLORU WLQHUH D URPLORU DX XUPDW R IDFXOWDWH FX DMutorul unor
SURJUDPH JXYHUQDPHQWDOH FDUH DYHDX FD VFRS RE LQHUHD GH GLSORPH DFRUGDWH GH IRUPH
GH vQY PkQW VXSHULRU GH F WUH PHPEULL DFHVWHL HWQLL 3URJUDPHOH JXYHUQDPHQWDOH
VXQW GLIHULWH XQHOH SUHY G DORFDUHD XQXL QXP U GH ORFXUL vQ XQLYHUVLW L SHQWUX etnicii
romi, iar altele acordarea de burse (sume de bani). Un exemplu al acestora este
SROLWLFD URPkQHDVF FRQIRUP F UHLD vQF GLQ JXYHUQXO D vQILLQ DW ORFXUL VSHFLDOH
SHQWUX VWXGHQ LL URPL FDUH GRUHDX V VH vQVFULH OD XQLYHUVLWDWH 3URJUDPXO D vQFeput cu
ORFXUL UH]HUYDWH VWXGHQ LORU URPL OD R IDFXOWDWH FX SURILO VRFLDO GLQ %XFXUHúWL vQ
1999 programul s-D H[WLQV SkQ OD SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D RIHUL ORFXULOH OD -200 de
VWXGHQ L 6LVWHPXO QX DVLJXU RFXSDUHD WXWXURU ORFXULORU FDQGLGD LL WUHEXLH V VXV LQ
XQ H[DPHQ GH DGPLWHUH GDU IDFLOLWHD] DFFHVXO HWQLFLORU URPL OD vQY PkQWXO
VXSHULRU 0D[ YDQ GHU 6WRHO 3RWULYLW OXL )ORULQ 0RLVD DFWXDOPHQWH H[LVW
GH VWXGHQ L URPL vQ XQLYHUVLW LOH URPkQHúWL GDWRULW P VXULORU SR]LWLYH OXDWH de
0LQLVWHUXO (GXFD LHL 1D LRQDOH ) 0RLVD
&2081,&$5($ ù, 0(',$ $8',29,=8$/
6LWXD LD OHJDO
Mass-PHGLD URPkQHDVF HVWH VXSUDYHJKHDW GH F WUH &RQVLOLXO 1D LRQDO DO $XGLR-
9L]XDOXOXL XQ RUJDQLVP FRPSXV GLQ PHPEUL FDUH D IRVW vQILLQ at prin Legea audio-
YL]XDOXOXL SH GDWD GH PDL *XYHUQXO D IRVW FULWLFDW OD DFHD YUHPH SHQWUX F
WR L FHL PHPEUL GLQ FRQVLOLX VXQW HWQLFL URPkQL SOkQJHULOH ILLQG MXVWLILFDWH
GHRDUHFH PLQRULW LOH UHSUH]LQW GLQ SRSXOD LD WRWDO D 5RPkQLHL sunt astfel
vQGUHSW LWH V ILH UHSUH]HQWDWH vQ &RQVLOLXO $XGLR-Vizualului (Helsinki Watch,
1993:51).
7.2. Presa
([LVW IRDUWH SX LQ SUHV VFULV GH HWQLFL URPL VDX SHQWUX HL VXQW GRDU FkWHYD
SXEOLFD LL &X WRDWH DFHVWHD GDW ILLQG SUREOHPD DQDOIDEHWismului romilor din
5RPkQLD úL D V U FLHL GLQ FDX]D F UHLD FXPS UDUHD XQXL ]LDU GDU PDL DOHV D XQXL
WHOHYL]RU VXQW HYHQLPHQWH PDL GHJUDE UDUH GHFkW FRWLGLHQH DFHVW IDSW QX FRQVWLWXLH R
VXUSUL]
)XQGD LD SHQWUX R 6RFLHWDWH 'HVFKLV GLQ %XFXUHúWL SXEOLF Romathan: studii despre
Romi $FHDVWD HVWH R UHYLVW GH FHUFHWDUH VFULV DWkW vQ URPkQHúWH FkW úL vQ URPDQL
incluzând aspecte academice cu privire la cultura roma etc. Centrul de Resurse pentru
&RPXQLW LOH GH 5RPL GLQ &OXM-Napoca a început în anul 2000 un program în cadrul
F UXLD VH YRU SXEOLFD úL VH YRU GLVWULEXL FkWHYD PDWHULDOH PDQXDO GH OLPE URPDQL
GLF LRQDUH OLWHUDWXU FXUV SH FDVHW DXGLR GH vQY DUH D OLPELL URPDQL JKLG GH
FRQYHUVD LH HWF FX VFRSXO GH D UHGXFH OLSVD LQIRUPD LLORU GLQ Gomeniul problemelor
etnicilor romi (F. Moisa, 2000).
9DVLOH ,RQHVFX SUHFL]HD] vQV F QXPDL XQD GLQ ]HFH SXEOLFD LL URPD VXQW ILQDQ DWH GH
VWDW ³$VXO GH 7UHIO ´ úL F DFHDVWD QX GXFH OD GH]YROWDUHD PDVV-media pentru
comunitate (V. Ionescu, 2000).

7.3. Radioul
([LVW XQHOH SURJUDPH UDGLR vQ OLPED URPDQL FDUH VH IRORVHVF GH IUHFYHQ HOH SRVWXOXL
QD LRQDO GH UDGLR 'H DVHPHQHD )XQGD LD SHQWUX R 6RFLHWDWH 'HVFKLV D IRQGDW vQ
XQ SURJUDP UDGLR OD 7kUJX 0XUHú SURJUDP FRQGXV GH GO 5XGROI 0RFD ) 0Risa,
ÌQ WUHFXW D PDL H[LVWDW XQ SURJUDP GH PLQXWH OD &UDLRYD FDUH DFXP úL-a
întrerupt emisia (V. Ionescu, 2000).
7.4. Televiziunea
7HOHYL]LXQHD 5RPkQ 1D LRQDO 795 GLIX]HD] XQ SURJUDP VFXUW GHVSUH
FRPXQLWDWHD URPD R GDW SH V SW PkQ OD R RU FX DXGLHQ VF ]XW 'LQ QRX SRDWH
FHO PDL GHPQ GH QRWDW HVWH WUDWDPHQWXO GLVFULPLQDWRULX DSOLFDW FRPXQLW LL URPD GH
WHOHYL]LXQHD QD LRQDO $FXP GXS FXP VXJHUHD] úL 9DVLOH ,RQHVFX QX PDL H[LVW XQ
program de televiziune dedicat etnicilor romi, ci doar momente sporadice în cadrul
HPLVLXQLL ³&RQYLH XLUL´ vQ SOXV HOH VXQW SUH]HQWDWH vQ OLPED URPkQ 9 ,RQHVFX
2000).
7.5. Internet-ul
([LVW R VXPHGHQLH GH SDJLQL ZHE FRQ LQkQG LQIRUPD LL GHVSUH URPL FUHDWH úL
vQWUH LQXWH GLQ DIDUD ULL ÌQ 5RPkQLD 0LQLVWHUXO (GXFD LHL 1D LRQDOH DUH R VHF LXQH OD
SDJLQD VD GH ZHE GHVSUH HGXFD LD PLQRULW LL URPD LQFOXVLY QXPH úL DGUHVH DOH
IXQGD LLORU úL SHUVRDQHORU FDUH RSHUHD] vQ DFHVW GRPHQLX FKLDU GDF PXO L QX VXQW
romi), pagina web fiind numai îQ OLPED URPkQ &HQWUXO GH 5HVXUVH SHQWUX
&RPXQLW LOH GH 5RPL GLQ &OXM-1DSRFD D LQL LDW XQ SURJUDP GH ZHEVLWH FDUH YD
FRQ LQH LQIRUPD LL GHVSUH DFWLYLWDWHD VD vQ DFHO GRPHQLX 'H DVHPHQHD GO 9DVLOH
,RQHVFX D LQL LDW XQ SURJUDP FDUH DUH FD VFRS vQILLQ DUHD XQHL DJHQ LL GH SUHV FDUH V
DLE XQ EXOHWLQ LQWHUQ ) 0RLVD
8. CONCLUZII
2ILFLDO SRWULYLW UHFHQV PkQWXOXL GLQ vQ 5RPkQLD H[LVW FHW HQL URPL
UHSUH]HQWkQG GLQ SRSXOD LD WRWDO 7RWXúL GDWRULW XQRU PRWLYH FXP DU IL
sHFXULWDWHD SHUVRQDO úL DQDOIDEHWLVPXO DFHDVW FLIU QX HVWH H[DFW LDU RUJDQL]D LLOH
URPD GDX R FLIU XQGHYD vQWUH úL PLOLRDQH QXP UXO H[DFW DO FHW HQLORU URPL
fiind în prezent necunoscut.
5RPLL ORFXLHVF vQ WRDWH UHJLXQLOH ULL 'DWRULW YLROHQ HL FRPXQLWDUH úL D WUDWDPHQWXOXL
QHFRUHVSXQ] WRU GLQ SDUWHD SROL LHL GLQ vQFRDFH PXO L úL-DX S U VLW FDVHOH úL V-au
PXWDW vQ DOWH ]RQH vQ FDVH LPSURYL]DWH OD PDUJLQHD DúH] ULORU SHQWUX FDUH QX SRW
SULPL SHUPLVH GH UH]LGHQ 'LQ DFHVW PRWLY HVWH LPSRVLELO V VH HVWLPH]H QXP UXO
H[DFW DO URPLORU GLQ RULFH SDUWH D ULL
0HPEULL PLQRULW LL vQWkPSLQ SUREOHPH vQ WRDWH DVSHFWHOH YLH LL ÌQ WUHFXW HUDX WUDWD L
DVHPHQL SURSULHW LL FDUH SRDWH IL YkQGXW úL FXPSUDW GXS EXQXO SODF DO
proprietarulXL SHQWUX FD DSRL V ILH FRQVLGHUD L FHW HQL GH UDQJ LQIHULRU HL DX SHWUHFXW
secole opunându-VH RSUHVLXQLL 6WDQGDUGHOH GH YLD VXQW MRDVH OLSVD LQVWDOD LLORU
VDQLWDUH úL D FRQúWLHQWL] ULL LPSRUWDQ HL LJLHQHL GXF OD H[WLQGHUHD EROLORU úL OD R UDW D

mRUWDOLW LL LQIDQWLOH IRDUWH ULGLFDW 9kUVWD PHGLH OD F V WRULH HVWH PXOW PDL PLF GHFkW
vQ FD]XO SRSXOD LHL PDMRULWDUH )HWHOH VH F V WRUHVF GH RELFHL OD DQL +HOVLQNL
:DWFK 1X QXPDL F DFHDVWD OH VFXUWHD] GXUDWD FRSLO ULHL GDU FRQGXFe la o
FUHúWHUH LQHYLWDELO D IDPLOLLORU vQU XW LQG SUREOHPHOH FDX]DWH GH V U FLH
6 U FLD GLQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LORU URPD GXFH OD DSDUL LD DOWRU SUREOHPH 6WDQGDUGHOH GH
LJLHQ WLQG V ILH MRDVH GHVHRUL GDWRULW OLSVHL DSHL FXUHQWH úL D HOHFWULFLW LL FDOLWDWHD úL
FDQWLWDWHD DOLPHQWHORU WLQGH V VH vQU XW HDVF vQ PXOWH FRPXQLW L URPD SH SDUFXUVXO
LHUQLL LDU FDUQHD úL SURGXVHOH ODFWDWH VXQW LQDFFHVLELOH WRW WLPSXO 6DYH WKH &KLOGUHQ
ÌQ DVWIHO GH FRQGL LL P ULPHD IDPLOLHL úL OLSVD HGXFD LHi medicale sunt factori
LPSRUWDQ L FDUH FRQWULEXLH OD FRQGL LL SUHFXP PDOQXWUL LD DQHPLD KDQGLFDSXUL GH
vQ O LPH úL JUHXWDWH 6DYH WKH &KLOGUHQ 0XO L FRSLL URPL QX VXQW YDFFLQD L
GDWRULW IDSWXOXL F S ULQ LORU ORU QX OL VH H[SOLF LPSRUWDQ D DFHVWHL DF LXQL
$FFHVXO OD DVLVWHQ PHGLFDO HVWH vQJUHXQDW GH IDSWXO F XQ QXP U PDUH GH URPL QX
SRVHG DFWHOH QHFHVDUH &HL FDUH OH DX VXQW GHVHRUL UH]LGHQ L LOHJDOL vQWU-R ]RQ GLIHULW
de cea pentru care au acte, deci personalul medical nu are aFFHV OD ILúD ORU PHGLFDO
&RQIRUP QRLL OHJL D DVLJXU ULORU VRFLDOH úL PHGLFDOH SUREOHPHOH FX SULYLUH OD UHúHGLQ D
SHUPDQHQW FXSODWH FX OLSVD XQXL YHQLW FDUH DU IDFH SRVLELO SOWLUHD DVLJXU ULL
medicale au ca rezultat lipsa unui medic de familie pentru majoritatea familiilor de
URPL 6DYH WKH &KLOGUHQ &XPS UDUHD PHGLFDPHQWHORU HVWH R SUREOHPH GH
YUHPH FH SUH XULOH VXQW PDUL PDL DOHV F URPLL FUHG F XQ PHGLFDPHQW PDL VFXPS HVWH
mai eficient.
6LWXD LD FRPXQLW LL URPD GLQ 5RPkQLD V-a deterioUDW EUXVF GXS ÌQWU-un climat
DO VFKLPE ULORU FDUH SHUPLWHD DOWRU PLQRULW L V VSHUH OD XQ YLLWRU PDL EXQ URPLL DX
IRVW VXSXúL GLVFULPLQ ULORU V U FLHL úL vQ XQHOH FD]XUL PRU LL
5RPLL GLQ 5RPkQLD VXQW GH]DYDQWDMD L GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH DO HGXFD LHL 'LVFULPLQDUHD
HVWH U VSkQGLW DWkW vQ FDGUXO VLVWHPXOXL OD FDUH XQ LQGLYLG WUHEXLH V UHFXUJ SHQWUX D
LQWUD vQ úFRDO SUHFXP úL vQ FDGUXO úFROLORU GHWHUPLQkQG PXO L FRSLL V QX VH PDL
vQVFULH (GXFD LD HVWH GH DVHPHQHD DIHFWDW GH VU FLD FURQLF din majoritatea
FRPXQLW LORU &RSLLL FDUH UHXúHVF V vQFHDS úFRDOD GHVHRUL QX SURPRYHD] FLFOXO
JLPQD]LDO úL GLQ DFHVW PRWLY HVWH IRDUWH GLILFLO SHQWUX HL V vúL J VHDVF GH OXFUX
$FHDVWD vQ VFKLPE WLQGH V FRQGXF OD R FUHúWHUH D UDWHL FULPLQDOLW LL úL SHUSHWXDUHD
V U FLHL
'LVFULPLQDUHD HVWH R SUREOHP D URPLORU GLQ 5RPkQLD úL vQ DOWH GRPHQLL GHFkW
HGXFD LD úL vPEUDF IRUPD DWkW D YLROHQ HL IL]LFH FkW úL D WUDWDPHQWXOXL QHFRUHVSXQ] WRU
GLQ SDUWHD DXWRULW LORU 9LROHQ D FRPXQLWDU PDQLIHVWDW sub forma raidurilor
vQWUHSULQVH GH SROL LH UHSUH]LQW R VHULH UHJXODW GH DEX]XUL VXIHULWH GH URPL GLQ
vQFRDFH 7RDW FRPXQLWDWHD D IRVW HWLFKHWDW GUHSW FULPLQDO úL DX IRVW H[SXO]D L GLQ
]RQH vQ FDUH WU LDX GH GHFHQLL VLQJXUD ORU FULP ILLQG ³HWQLD´ $FHúWL RDPHQL DX IRVW
IRU D L V VH PXWH OD RUDú SHQWUX D F XWD XQ ORF GH PXQF DFHLD GLQWUH HL FDUH VXQW
FDOLILFD L úL VROLFLW XQ ORF GH PXQF GHVFRSHU F úL vQ DFHVW FD] HWQLD ORU HVWH R
³SUREOHP ´
6XQW QHFHVDUH VFKLPE UL UDGLFDOH DWkW vQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LORU URPD FkW úL vQ DIDUD ORU
SHQWUX D vPEXQ W L VLWXD LD 5HSUH]HQWDQ LL DXWRULW LORU LPSOLFD L vQ SURFHVXO HGXFD LHL
WUHEXLH V DUDWH R vQ HOHJHUH PDL SURIXQG D SUREOHPHORU VSHFLILFH DOH PLQRULW LL úL vQ

PXOWH FD]XUL WUHEXLH GHS úLWH SUHMXGHF LOH ÌQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LL URPD HVWH QHYRLH GH
vQ HOHJHUH FRPXQLWDWHD WUHEXLQG V vQ HOHDJ DYDQWDMHOH HGXFD LHL úL FHOH FDUH GHFXUJ
GLQ DFRUGDUHD VSULMLQXOXL SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD DFFHVXOXL OD HGXFD LH ÌQ FD]XULOH vQ FDUH
H[LVW OLSV GH FRPXQLFDUH vQWUH SURIHVRUL úL S ULQ LL URPL DPEHOH S U L DU WUHEXL V
GHS úHDVF DFHVW QHDMXQV vQ LQWHUHVXO FRSLOXOXL 2UJDQL]D LLOH QRQ-guvernamentale pot
DMXWD GH DVHPHQHD SULQ SURPRYDUHD SURJUDPHORU HGXFD LRQDOH VSHFLDO FRQFHSXWH
pentru a satisface nevoile roPLORU 'DF DFHúWL SDúL vPSUHXQ FX DO LL GH DFHVW IHO QX
VXQW I FX L VSLUDOD GHVFHQGHQW vQ PRPHQWXO GH ID vQ GRPHQLXO HGXFD LHL FRSLLORU
URPD YD FRQWLQXD V FRERDUH FRQGXFkQG OD R V U FLH PDL PDUH OD FUHúWHUHD QLYHOXULORU
FULPLQDOLW LL úL D úRPDMXOXL DVWIHO vQW ULQG XQXO GLQ FHOH PDL FRQVLVWHQWH VWHUHRWLSXUL
despre romi.
Privite în ansamblu, problemele cu care au de-a face etnicii roma din România sunt
foarte serioase FX WRDWH DFHVWHD GDF LQGLYL]LL DU IL PDL GHVFKLúL OD vQ HOHJHUHD
GLIHUHQ HORU GLQWUH FRPXQLW L V-DU SXWHD J VL VROX LL
(GXFD LD HVWH vQ PRG HYLGHQW QHFHVDU SHQWUX D vQO WXUD SUHMXGHF LOH úL UDVLVPXO
FRSLLL QX VH QDVF UDVLúWL – HL vQYD GLVFXUVXO UDVLVW DFDV VDX GLQ DOWH VXUVH ,QWHJUDUHD
copiilor romi sau de alte etnii estH QHFHVDU vQF GLQ SULPLL DQL GH úFRDO DVWIHO vQFkW
DPELL V vQYH H FXP V VH FRPSRUWH XQXO FX FHO ODOW 'LQ S FDWH DFHVW OXFUX HVWH
DSURDSH LPSRVLELO GH UHDOL]DW GDW ILLQG VWDUHD DFWXDO D VLVWHPXOXL HGXFD LRQDO GXS
cum a fost prezentat mai sus.
3UHVD DUH GH DVHPHQHD XQ URO YLWDO 7HOHYL]LXQHD D IRVW DFX]DW GH R GLVFULPLQDUH
VLPLODU FHOHL GLQ SUHVD VFULV vQ FHHD FH SULYHúWH FUHLRQDUHD SRUWUHWXOXL FRPXQLW LL
roma. În 13 iunie 1990, dl. Emanoil Valeriu, directorul Televiziunii Române
1D LRQDOH D DQXQ DW vQ HPLVLH F URPLL DX DWDFDW úL GHYDVWDW VWXGLRXULOH GH WHOHYL]LXQH
FKHPkQG SRSXOD LD URPkQ V DSHUH VWXGLRXULOH +HOVLQNL :DWFK (QXQ DUHD
XQXL DWkW GH PDUH QHDGHY U OD WHOHYL]RU QX SXWHD IL I FXW GHFkW FX XQ VLQJXU VFRS –
provocarea de noi sentimente anti-URPD vQ PLMORFXO SRSXOD LHL $F LXQHD GRPQXOXL
9DOHULX D GHWHUPLQDW )HGHUD LD (WQLF D 5RPLORU V GHSXQ R SOkQJHUH vPSRWULYD FHOXL
PDL VXV DPLQWLW SHQWUX vQF OF UL DOH &RGXOXL 3HQDO LPHGLDW SURFXUDWXUD D DQXODW
DFHDVW SOkQJHUH (Helsinki Watch, 1991:89).
Reportajele despre romi transmise de canalele de televiziune de stat în emisiunile de
úWLUL VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ IRFDOL]DUHD LPDJLQLL SH URPLL SDUWLFLSDQ L OD GHPRQVWUD LLOH
SROLWLFH FRPSURPL kQG DVWIHO LPDJLQHD RSR]L LHL 6H vQWUH LQ DVWIHO FHOH PDL U VSkQGLWH
stereotipuri existente – FULPLQDOLWDWHD úL V U FLD +HOVLQNL :DWFK
$FHDVWD GRYHGHúWH vQ PRG HYLGHQW F ]LDULúWLORU URPkQL OH OLSVHúWH vQWU-o oarecare
P VXU VLP XO UHVSRQVDELOLW LL ÌQ FDGUXO RULF UXL VWDW PDss-media este un factor
GHRVHELW GH LPSRUWDQW vQ SURFHVXO PDQLSXO ULL úL SRDWH IRUPD R LPDJLQH SXEOLF FX
FRQVHFLQ H GH]DVWUXRDVH $WkW *XYHUQXO 5RPkQLHL FkW úL SUHVD vQV úL DU WUHEXL V
UHFXQRDVF DFHVW SRWHQ LDO úL V vQFHUFH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH OHJDWH GH stabilitate, o
SUH]HQWDUH PDL HFKLOLEUDW úL QHS UWLQLWRDUH D HWQLHL URPD úL D FHORUODOWH PLQRULW L
Formarea unei clase intelectuale în cadrul romilor din România nu ar aduce decât
EHQHILFLL XULDúH PLQRULW LL 5RPLL FDUH VXQW FDSDELOL DWkW GLQ SXQFW de vedere al
LQWHOLJHQ HL FkW úL VRFLDO GH D LQWHUDF LRQD FX FHW HQLL GH DOWH HWQLL OD XQ QLYHO
LQWHOHFWXDO úL SROLWLF DU SXWHD DMXWD IRDUWH PXOW OD FRQúWLHQWL]DUHD SUREOHPHORU

PLQRULW LL úL OD SURPRYDUHD XQHL vQ HOHJHUL SH R VFDU FkW PDL ODUJ D PRGXOXL GH YLD
specific romilor.
'H DVHPHQHD HGXFD LD HVWH XQ IDFWRU QHFHVDU vQ FDGUXO FRPXQLW LORU URPD 2
SOkQJHUH DGHVHD vQWkOQLW vPSRWULYD URPLORU HVWH DFHHD F HL QX UHVSHFW OHJLOH
FHORUODOWH FRPXQLW L FHHD FH QX VH SRDWH VSXQH F QX VH vQWkPSO FkWHRGDW 'DU GDF
VH GRUHúWH R vQ HOHJHUH FX DGHY UDW D IHQRPHQXOXL DWXQFL HIRUWXULOH WUHEXLH V YLQ GLQ
DPEHOH S U L DWULEXLUHD YLQHL GRDU XQHLD vQ VSH FRPXQLW LORU GH DOWH HWQLL GHFkW FHD
URPD ILLQG R FDOH VLJXU VSUH HúHF
ADRESE
1. ,QVWLWX LL FXOWXUDOH úL VDX DVRFLD LL DOH PLQRULW LORU
• $JHQ LD GH 'H]YROWDUH ³ÌPSUHXQ ´
6F UO WHVFX 6W 1R 6HFWRU %XFXUHúWL
Tel: 01-2524250, 094-759565
Fax: 01-2524250
E-mail: imaria@dnt.ro
Contact: Ionescu Maria
• $OLDQ D ³&DVD 5RPLORU´
0 U úHúWL 6W 1R 3ORLHúWL 3UDKRYD
Contact: Mihai Grigore
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Tel: 035-457795
Contact: Romanescu Ioan
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6RPHúXOXL 6W 1R $S &OXM-Napoca, 3400, Cluj
Tel: 064-139802, 094-277209
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Contact: Doghi Dan Pavel
• $VRFLD LD $QVDPEOXO GH &kQWHFH úL 'DQVXUL DO 5RPLORU ù$75$
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Rovinari St., Bl 32/A, Ap.20, Târgu-0XUHú 0XUHú

Tel: 065-134204, 092-520502
Contact: Rudolf Moca
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Contact: Mihai Ion
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Tel: 094-843783
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Gheorghe Doja St., No. 9, Târgu-0XUHú 0XUHú
Tel: 065-164421
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Contact: Cristian Eparu
• $VRFLDWLD &UHúWLQ $SRVWROLF D 5RPLORU GLQ 5RPkQLD
Oltului St., No. 2, Târgu-0XUHú 0XUHú
Tel: 065-164015
Contact: Rad Petru
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Mihai Viteazu St., No.B 3/2, Ap.1, Cluj-Napoca, 3400, Cluj
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Tel: 01-6885385
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Al. Sahia St., No.5, cartier Palazu-0DUH &RQVWDQ D &RQVWDQ D
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Contact: Anghel Petre
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Parcul Mic St., No.14, Ap.11, BraúRY %UDúRY
Tel: 068-151434
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C. Porumbescu St., No.14, cartier IzvoaUH %DF X %DF X
Contact: Iorga Nicolae
• $VRFLD LD 5RPDQR 7RODK
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Tel: 062-415150
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Contact: Berchi Gheorghe, Boldor Ioan
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Mintia, 2733, Hunedoara
Contact: Rafi Tiberiu
• $VRFLD LD 5RPLORU +DUJKLWD
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Tel: 066-123357
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Contact: Ioni Geza
• $VRFLD LD 5RPLORU +DUJKLWD – Filiala Gheorghieni
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Bucium St., No.23, Bl. B3-1bis, Ap.1; Ipsilanti St., Nr.25; Ciric St., No.54
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• $675$ ù$75$ - ³$YHQ $PHQWD´ $VRFLD LD 6WXGHQ LORU úL 7LQHrilor Romi
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• $675$ ù$57$ – Aven Amentza
Obor St., No.33, Beclean, Cluj Napoca, 3400, Cluj
Tel: 094-139603
Contact: Mihaly Zoltan
• $675$ ù$57$ – Aven Amentza
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• $675$ ù$57$ – Aven Amentza

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Contact: Lavinia Olmazu, Delia Grigore, Cazacu Carmen
• &HQWUXO &UHúWLQ DO 5RPLORU
Alba Iulia St., No.46, Sibiu, 2400, Sibiu
Tel: 069-229863, 092-712590
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Baia-0DUH 6W 1R %O $S 6HFWRU %XFXUHúWL
Tel: 01-6487316
Mobil: 094-542 282
• Comunitatea Etniei Romilor - Prahova
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Tel: 044-161737
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Contact: Neveanu Coriolan
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Beethoven St., No.7, Craiova, 1100, Dolj
Tel: 051-418467
Contact: Burtea Petre
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Radomir, Diosti, Radomir, 1111, Dolj
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Seceretoarelor St., No.8, Sibiu, 2400, Sibiu
Tel: 069-411 538, 093-534024
Contact: Radulescu Iulian, Cornescu Mirela

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1 Mai St., Ap.2, Room 54, Dej, 4650, Cluj
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21 Decembrie 1989 St., No. 108, Cluj Napoca, 3400, Cluj
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Str. Dezroborii, Nr.28, Caracal, 800, Olt
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St.Rene Descartes, Nr.6, Cluj-Napoca, 3400, Cluj
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Contact: Otvos Geza
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Contact: Rotaru Maria
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Contact: Costel Vasile
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Contact: Costel Vasile, Nora Costache
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Str.Anton PDQ 1U 6HFWRU %XFXUHúWL
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Tel: 062-113506
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Contact: Mihai Nicolae
• 8QLXQHD &UHúWLQ D 5RPLORU GLQ 5RPkQLD
Str. Oituz Nr. 54, Bl. 5, Ap. 64, Baia-0DUH 0DUDPXUHú
Tel: 062-431970
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Fata Luncii st., No. 15, Craiova, 1100, Dolj
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• 8QLXQHD 'HPRFUDWLF D 5RPLORU
No.357, Sadova, 1180, Dolj
7HO 3ULP Uia Sadova
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Tel: 054-546923
Fax: 054-546923
E-mail: adrl@comtrust.ro
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Tel: 054-541279
Contact: Rad Marcel

• 8QLXQHD *HQHUDO D 5RPLORU
Mihail Kogalniceanu St., No. 25, Târgu-Jiu, 1400, Gorj
Tel: 053-214840
Contact: Bobu Nicolae
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Buciumului St., No. 11, ConVWDQ D &RQVWDQ D
Contact: Petrache Ivanciu
• 8QLXQHD 5RPLORU GLQ -XGH XO 0XUHú
Vulturilor St., No. 30, Ap.13, Târgu-0XUHú 0XUHú
Tel: 065-133520
Contact: Csurkuly Sandor
• Uniunea Romilor Turda
Republicii St., No.15, Turda, 3350, Cluj
Tel: 064-324169
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0 .RJ OQLFHDQX 6W 1R &OXM-Napoca, 3400, Cluj
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Firiya No. 4, Bloc A3, Ap. 9, Cluj-Napoca, 3400, Cluj
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• $OLDQ D SHQWUX 8QLWDWHa Romilor
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• $OLDQ D SHQWUX 8QLWDWHD 5RPLORU – filiala Arad
Sântana 2, Zefirului St., No.58, Arad, 2900, Arad
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Silvia St., No. 34. Sector %XFXUHúWL
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Tel: 041-759359, 092763220
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Contact: Cobzaru Vasile
• Partida Romilor
Victor Eftimiu St., No.1- 6HFWRU %XFXUHúWL
Tel: 01-3158545
Fax: 01-3225199
Contact: Ivan Gheorghe

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Tel: 063-250787
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Cartier Goranu No. 889, Râmnicu-Vâlcea, 1000, Vâlcea
Contact: Stoica Octavian
• 3DUWLGXO 'HPRFUDW &UHúWLQ DO 5RPLORU - Cluj
Morii St., No. 1047, com. Gilau, Cluj
Tel: 064-991222, 094-253437, 094-253222
Contact: Varga Rudolf
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Contact: Madalin Voicu
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Alba-Iulia St., No. 46, Sibiu, 2400, Sibiu
Tel: 069-229863
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Contact: Florin Cioaba
• 3DUWLGXO 5RPLORU 1RPD]L úL & OG UDUL - Gorj
Meteor St., No. 14, Târgu-Jiu, 1400, Gorj
Contact: Mihai Ilarie
• Partidul Unirea Romilor
Zorilor St., No. 1, Bl. 280, Ap. 57, Alba-Iulia, 2500, Alba
Tel: 058-813331, 094535851
Contact: Bumbu Ioan Gruia
• Sindicatul Liber al Romilor
Cartierul Cornitoiu, Bl. H, Sc. 2, Ap. 20, Craiova, 1100, Dolj
Tel: 051-420043
Contact: Dan Fotescu
• Uniunea Democrat D 5RPLORU
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Tel: 054-546923
Fax: 054-546923
E-mail: adrl@comtrust.ro
Contact: Burtea Toader
• 8QLXQHD 'HPRFUDW D 5RPLORU GLQ -XGH XO *DOD L
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Tel: 036-441861, 426783

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• 8QLXQHD 'HPRFUDW /LEHU D 5RPLORU - Dolj
Fata Luncii St., No. 15, Craiova, 1100, Dolj
Contact: Valcu Vasile
• 8QLXQHD 'HPRFUDWLF D 5RPLORU úL / XWDULORU $UPHQLú
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Contact: Sandu Simion
• 8QLXQHD /LEHU 'HPRFUDW D 5RPLORU GLQ -XGH XO %LKRU
Mihai Antonescu St., No. 20, Ap.5, Oradea, 3700, Bihor
Tel: 059-134952
Contact: Baloy Gyongyi
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