axali monacemebi ierusalimis qarTuli samonastro koloniis Sesaxeb
axali monacemebi ierusalimis qarTuli samonastro koloniis Sesaxeb
axali monacemebi ierusalimis qarTuli samonastro koloniis Sesaxeb
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ACADEMIA<br />
ierusalimSi <strong>qarTuli</strong> samecniero<br />
eqspediciis muSaobis (2001 wlis 17 dekemberi<br />
– 2002 wlis 1 aprili) periodSi<br />
vikvlevdi <strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi<br />
daculi <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelnawerebis koleqciis<br />
calkeul nusxebs; agreTve <strong>ierusalimis</strong> da,<br />
zogadad, wminda miwis <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>samonastro</strong><br />
<strong>koloniis</strong> istoriis calkeul sakiTxebs.<br />
sul Cemi samuSao masala 3 jgufad SeiZleba<br />
daiyos:<br />
I ierusalimSi daculi <strong>qarTuli</strong> da<br />
berZnuli xelnawerebi<br />
1. <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelnawerebi<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa<br />
koleqcias samecniero kvlevis<br />
sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> xelnawerebis pirveli<br />
samecniero aRweriloba Sedgenili aqvs a.<br />
cagarels, romelic 1883 wels imyofeboda<br />
ierusalimSi. Semdgom <strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
xelnawerebis aRwerilobis Sedgenaze imu-<br />
Saves agreTve n. marma da amerikelma qarTvelologma<br />
r. bleikma.<br />
1950-iani wlebidan moyolebuli, <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
berZnuli marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> xelnawerebis udidesi<br />
nawili xelmisawvdomi gaxda qarTveli<br />
mecnierebisaTvisac (mikrofilmebis saxiT).<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis k. kekeliZis<br />
saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi<br />
ukve didi xania mimdinareobs muSaoba am<br />
koleqciis sruli samecniero aRwerilobis<br />
Sesadgenad. qarTvel mecnierTa eqspediciis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi momuSave xelnawerTa<br />
institutis TanamSromelTa jgufis erT-erT<br />
umTavres amocanas am koleqciis xelnawerTa<br />
sruli samecniero aRwerilobis saboloo<br />
variantis SemuSaveba warmoadgenda (aqve<br />
46<br />
TinaTin ceraZe<br />
k. kekeliZis sax. xelnawerTa instituti<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia<br />
<strong>axali</strong> <strong>monacemebi</strong> <strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>samonastro</strong><br />
<strong>koloniis</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
davumatebT, rom dReisaTvis <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
berZnuli marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos<br />
qarTul xelnawerTa koleqcia 161 erTeulisagan<br />
Sedgeba).<br />
a) eqspediciaSi muSaobis dros vikvlevdi<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos biblioTekaSi dacul qar-<br />
Tul xelnawerTa koleqciis calkeul<br />
nusxebs. vimuSave, kerZod, <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciis Semdeg<br />
xelnawerebze: ## 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18,<br />
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, 34, 35, 36, 44, 49, 50, 51, 156<br />
(r. bleikis katalogiT) – sul 23 erTeulze;<br />
Sevamowme aRniSnuli xelnawerebis teqnikuri<br />
<strong>monacemebi</strong> (masala, zomebi, rveulebrivi<br />
aRricxva da sxv.), agreTve am xelnawerebSi<br />
warmodgenili anderZ-minawerTa teqstebi maTi<br />
sabolood dazustebis mizniT.<br />
b) axladmikvleuli <strong>qarTuli</strong> xelnaweri<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. saflavis eklesiis<br />
saganZuridan.<br />
wminda miwaze qarTvel mecnierTa eqspediciaSi<br />
muSaobis dros CvenTvis cnobili<br />
gaxda, rom <strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. saflavis saganZurSi<br />
daculi iyo <strong>qarTuli</strong> oTxTavi,<br />
romlis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>ac samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis<br />
aqamde araferi iyo cnobili.<br />
eqspediciis xelmZRvanelTan, prof. T. mgalobliSvilTan<br />
erTad vimuSaveT am xelnaweris<br />
aRwerilobis Sedgenaze.<br />
xelnaweri Seqmnili unda iyos XV-XVI<br />
ss-Si, safiqrebelia, saqarTveloSi; masSi<br />
warmodgenilia oTxTavis giorgi mTawmideliseuli<br />
redaqcia. xelnaweris gadamweria<br />
vinme dimitri, momgebeli ki bagrati. oTxTavi<br />
mdidrulad aris dasuraTebuli _ mas 48<br />
miniatura axlavs, Sesrulebuli ori sxvadasxva<br />
mxatvris mier. xelnaweris bolos<br />
darTuli anderZis mixedviT irkveva, rom<br />
aRniSnuli nusxa macxovris saflavisaTvis<br />
Seuwiravs qarTvel didebuls, giorgi<br />
abaSiZes (XVII-XVIII ss). (il. 1, 2).
1.ý„oqros oTxTavi“.égiorgi abaSiZis anderZi.<br />
(xelnaweris 414 r). (foto d. cxadaZis)ïïïïïøïùùùùùùùù<br />
2. berZnuli xelnawerebi<br />
winaswari sakvlevi samuSao CavatareT<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos biblioTekis or berZnul<br />
xelnawerze, romlebic saintereso gveCvena<br />
wminda miwis <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>samonastro</strong> <strong>koloniis</strong><br />
istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad<br />
(gadaRebuli gvaqvs am xelnawerTa<br />
mikrofilmebic).<br />
esenia:<br />
a) wm. saflavis berZnul xelnawerTa<br />
koleqciis #523 xelnaweri. es xelnaweri,<br />
faqtobrivad, warmoadgens davTars, sadac<br />
SehqondaT eqvsi <strong>qarTuli</strong> monastris (wm.<br />
jvris, wm. nikolozis, wm. basilis, wm. Tevdores,<br />
wm. giorgis da saidnaias) xarjTaRricx-<br />
2. „oqros oTxTavi“. dimitris anderZi. (xelnaweris<br />
412v). (foto d. cxadaZis)ïïïïïøïùùùùùùâøüø<br />
<strong>axali</strong> <strong>monacemebi</strong> <strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>samonastro</strong>...<br />
47<br />
va. aRricxva nawarmoebia 1665 wlis 1 oqtombridan<br />
vidre 1696 wlis 25 martamde;<br />
b) <strong>ierusalimis</strong> jvris monastris berZnul<br />
xelnawerTa koleqciis # 19 xelnaweri,<br />
romelic TariRdeba 1732 wliT (aqve, amave<br />
nusxaSi aris moxvedrili <strong>qarTuli</strong> sulTa<br />
matianes fragmentic). xelnaweris dasawyisSi<br />
miTiTebulia, rom es aris wigni iberTa wm.<br />
jvris monastridan, sadac Cawerilia saxelebi<br />
cocxalTa da gardacvlilTa da rom<br />
Cawera dawyebulia <strong>ierusalimis</strong> patriarqis,<br />
neqtariosis dros (1660-1669 ww), rodesac am<br />
monastris winamZRvari iyo ioseb iberieli.<br />
xelnaweris 30v-36r ukavia iberTa mefeebis,<br />
mRdelmTavrebisa da sxvaTa saxelebs. aqve,<br />
37r-ze daculia cnoba imis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, rom 1847<br />
wels, danielis iRumenobis periodSi<br />
ierusalimSi Casula dedofali Tamar zemo<br />
iveriidan, SviliSvili erekle mefisa;<br />
3. qarTul da ucxoenovan xelnawerebSi<br />
daculi kolofonebi<br />
calke vmuSaobdi qarTul da ucxoenovan<br />
xelnawerebSi dacul zogierT, dRemde ucnob<br />
qarTul anderZ-minawerze, romlebic<br />
Seicaven axal masalas wminda miwis <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
<strong>samonastro</strong> <strong>koloniis</strong> istoriis calkeuli<br />
sakiTxebisa da iq moRvawe istoriuli<br />
pirebis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. am anderZ-minawerebze<br />
muSaobam saSualeba mogvca dagvezustebina<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> zogierTi <strong>qarTuli</strong> monastris<br />
adgilmdebareoba, aSenebis (ganaxlebis)<br />
TariRi Tu aRmSenebelTa vinaoba. moviyvanT<br />
am kolofonTa mokle CamonaTvals.<br />
a) qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciis #65<br />
nusxis pirvel gverdis r-ze daculi deltavis<br />
monasterSi moRvawe qarTveli monazvnis,<br />
duda abazaisZe tbelis asulis ander-<br />
Zis (XIII s) mixedviT cnobili xdeba, rom<br />
deltavis (=dertavis) dedaTa monasteri<br />
wm. ioane naTlismcemlis saxelze iyo<br />
aSenebuli; amasTan, duda monazvnis anderZ-<br />
Si pirvelad vxvdebiT zust miTiTebas imis<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong>, rom aRniSnuli monasteri ierusalimSi<br />
mdebareobda. dudas anderZidan<br />
irkveva isic, rom qarTveli monazoni jayelTa<br />
rZali yofila – anderZSi vxvdebiT<br />
saintereso cnobebs am sagvareulos warmomadgenelTa<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong>.<br />
b) amave koleqciis #132 nusxaSi warmodgenili<br />
ori anderZi saintereso masalas<br />
gvawvdis <strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. Tevdores (berZnuli<br />
tradiciiT, wm. TevdoreTa) eklesiamonastris<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong>. am ori anderZidan ufro
ACADEMIA<br />
adreuli ekuTvnis xelnaweris gadamwers,<br />
Sav miqael xucesmonazons (XIV-XV ss.). misi<br />
anderZis mixedviT, aRniSnuli nusxa<br />
miqaels Seuwiravs wm. Tevdores eklesiisa<br />
da tkebnaris darisaTvis: "..Sevswiren<br />
wmidani ese wignni monastersa tkebnaris<br />
darsa, eklesiasa wmidisa TÂessa.." (Jer.132,<br />
343rv). safiqrebelia, rom aq erTi da igive<br />
adgili unda igulisxmebodes, anu unda<br />
vifiqroT, rom tkebnaris daris (igive<br />
monastris) eklesia aSenebuli yofila wm.<br />
Tevdores saxelze. is, rom tkebnaris monasteri<br />
palestinaSi (da ara saqarTveloSi)<br />
mdebare monasteri unda yofiliyo, vfiqrobT,<br />
dasturdeba anderZis teqstSi daculi<br />
arabuli sityviT "dari", (=monasteri),<br />
rac e. metrevelis miTiTebiT, monazonTa<br />
adgilsamyofels niSnavs.<br />
amave xelnaweris 344v-ze vxvdebiT<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. jvris monastris winamZRvris,<br />
beena ColoyaSvilis (ierusalimSi beena<br />
imyofeboda 1511-1514 ww.) anderZs, saidanac<br />
irkveva, rom beenas ganuaxlebia es eklesia<br />
da, amas garda, uzrunia monastris biblio-<br />
Tekis Sesavsebadac _ mouZebnia am savanis<br />
kuTvnili xelnawerebi da daubrunebia Zveli<br />
mflobelisaTvis (anu wm. Tevdores eklesiis<br />
saZmosaTvis). Cans, rom erT-erTi aseTi<br />
"moZiebuli" xelnaweri yofila Jer. 132-c.<br />
n. CubinaSvilis cnobiT, <strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm.<br />
Tevdores eklesiis erT-erTi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
samSeneblo warwera moixseniebda beena<br />
ColoyaSvils, magram ramdenadac aqamde<br />
cnobili ar iyo raime sxva, damatebiTi<br />
wyaro, romelic beena ColoyaSvils <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
wm. Tevdores monasterTan daakav-<br />
Sirebda, am warweris CubinaSviliseuli<br />
wakiTxva arazustad iyo miCneuli. beena<br />
ColoyaSvilis axladmikvleuli anderZi<br />
saSualebas gvaZlevs, garkveuli koreqtivebi<br />
SevitanoT qarTul samecniero literaturaSi<br />
damkvidrebul TvalsazrisSi da<br />
beena ColoyaSvilis mier wm. Tevdores<br />
eklesiis ganaxleba dadasturebul faqtad<br />
miviCnioT.<br />
damowmebuli anderZi ukve TavisTavad<br />
aris saintereso im TvalsazrisiTac, rom<br />
igi palestinaSi, kerZod ierusalimSi, qar-<br />
Tuli toponimis ("tkebnari") arsebobis<br />
faqts gvidasturebs.<br />
tkebnari, rogorc irkveva, gamonakliss<br />
ar warmoadgens _ "palestinur" qarTul<br />
toponimad unda iqnas miCneuli agreTve<br />
devTubanic (ix. qvemoT).<br />
48<br />
g) devTubnis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> cnobebi daculia<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> or qarTul xelnawerSi.<br />
esenia: Jer. 62 da Jer. 65. cnobebs devTubnis<br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong> gvawvdis am xelnawerebSi daculi<br />
ori anderZi. pirveli, ufro adreuli<br />
anderZi (XIII-XIV ss.) Jer. 65-is pirveli<br />
gverdis v-ze, meore anderZi ki (XIV s.)<br />
warmodgenilia Jer. 62-is 174v-ze.<br />
devTubani dRemde cnobili iyo erTader-<br />
Ti wyaros mixedviT _ mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos biblioTekis qarTul xelnawerTa<br />
koleqciis kuTvnili nusxa _ Jer. 24-<br />
25), romelSic vxvdebiT aRaps vinme marina<br />
devTubnelis saxelze (e. metreveli mas<br />
XIV s-iT aTariRebs). magram aqamde gaurkveveli<br />
iyo, ras gulisxmobda am aRapSi dadasturebuli<br />
zedwodeba "devTubneli". Jer. 62sa<br />
da Jer. 65-Si daculi anderZebis teqstebi<br />
gvafiqrebinebs, rom saxelwodeba devTubani<br />
ierusalimSi (an mis SemogarenSi) mdebare<br />
romeliRac savanes unda ukavSirdebodes.<br />
vimuSave agreTve <strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli<br />
marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos biblioTekis<br />
ucxoenovan xelnawerebSi dacul<br />
qarTul anderZ-minawerebzec, romlebic<br />
gamovavlineT eqspediciis muSaobis dros. aq,<br />
ubralod, CamovTvliT am xelnawerebs maTSi<br />
daculi <strong>qarTuli</strong> anderZebis Sinaarsis mokle<br />
miTiTebiT.<br />
d) am jgufis wyaroebidan yvelaze adreulia<br />
beena ColoyaSvilis anderZi, romelic<br />
daculia wm. sabas monastris kuTvnil<br />
berZnul xelnawerTa koleqcis # 360 nusxaSi<br />
(amJamad wm. sabas monastris xelnawerebi,<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> jvris monastris berZnul<br />
xelnawerebTan erTad, <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
berZnuli marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos<br />
biblioTekaSi aris Tavmoyrili). beenas<br />
anderZi warmodgenilia xelnaweris sacavi<br />
furclis v-ze da TariRdeba 1511 wliT.<br />
anderZSi xazgasmulia beenas mier golgo-<br />
Tis "daxsnis" faqti.<br />
e) nikifore ColoyaSvilis (XVII s.)<br />
anderZi, romelic daculia wm. saflavis<br />
eklesiis berZnul xelnawerTa koleqciis<br />
#99 nusxis 105-108 furclebze. nikifores<br />
anderZSi mokled aris moTxrobili aRniSnuli<br />
xelnaweris Tavgadasavali; amas<br />
garda, anderZSi laparakia im kontaqtebze,<br />
romelic hqonia nikifore ColoyaSvils<br />
siriis patriarqTan, evTimisTan.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom amave xelnaweris 105vze<br />
warmodgenilia nikifore ColoyaSvilis
arabulenovani anderZic, romelic warwerilia<br />
ufro adreuli, nikiforemdeli<br />
epoqidan momdinare <strong>qarTuli</strong> anderZis<br />
teqstze.<br />
v) jvaris mamis, meletiosis (XVIII s.)<br />
anderZi, romelic daculia arabuli xelnawerebis<br />
koleqciis #13 xelnaweris 1rze.<br />
am anderZidan irkveva, rom aRniSnuli<br />
arabuli xelnaweri wm. jvris monastris<br />
sakuTrebas warmoadgenda.<br />
II sabuTebi<br />
winaswari sakvlevi samuSao CavatareT<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> berZnuli marTlmadidebeli<br />
sapatriarqos arqivSi dacul qarTul da<br />
zogierT berZnul sabuTebze (gadaRebuli<br />
gvaqvs am sabuTebis qseroaslebic).<br />
1. qarTulenovani dokumentebi:<br />
sapatriarqos arqivSi daculia sul<br />
ori qarTulenovani sabuTi. esenia:<br />
a) kaTalikos nikoloz VIII-is (XVII s.)<br />
epistole <strong>ierusalimis</strong> patriarqis, dosi-<br />
Teos II-is (1669-1707 ww.) mimarT. epistole<br />
orenovania, qarTul teqsts mosdevs misi<br />
berZnuli Targmani. nikoloz kaTalikosi<br />
am epistoleSi acnobebs dosiTeoss, Tu<br />
ra zomebs mimarTavdnen qarTvelebi <strong>ierusalimis</strong><br />
jvris monastris valebidan dasaxsnelad;<br />
b) meore qarTulenovani sabuTi warmoadgens<br />
gaspar tiraco araqelaSvilis<br />
Sewirulebis wigns da TariRdeba 1801 wliT.<br />
<strong>axali</strong> <strong>monacemebi</strong> <strong>ierusalimis</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>samonastro</strong>...<br />
49<br />
2. berZnuli dokumentebi<br />
berZnulenovani dokumentebidan Cven<br />
SevarCieT dosiTeos II-isadmi miwerili<br />
ori werili, romlebic saqarTvelodan<br />
aris gagzavnili da uSualod ukavSirdeba<br />
saqarTvelo-<strong>ierusalimis</strong> urTierTobebis<br />
sakiTxs. maTi avtorebi arian qarTvelebi:<br />
Teimuraz da aSoTani. orive werili TariRdeba<br />
1678 wliT da, faqtobrivad, Sewirulebis<br />
nusxebs warmoadgens.<br />
III naqargoba<br />
winaswari sakvlevi samuSaoebi CavatareT<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. saflavis eklesiaSi daculi<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> naqargobis nimuSebis Sesaswavlad.<br />
amJamad vmuSaobT am naqargobaTa<br />
warwerebis amokiTxvaze da maTSi moxseniebuli<br />
istoriuli pirebis identifikaciis sakiTxze.<br />
es nimuSebia:<br />
1. qarTlis dedoflis, anaxanumis dafarna,<br />
Sewiruli qristes saflavs (1757 w.);<br />
2. ioseb tfilelisa da mariam dedoflis<br />
omofori (XVII s.);<br />
3. elise mTavarepiskoposis omofori<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong>, arabuli da berZnuli warwerebiT<br />
(XVII s.)<br />
4. sami <strong>qarTuli</strong> enqeri.<br />
garda amisa, dasrulebuli gvaqvs muSaoba<br />
mamuka batoniSvilisa da misi meuRlis,<br />
darejanis gardamoxsnaze (1743 w.), romelic<br />
<strong>ierusalimis</strong> wm. Teklas eklesiaSi aris<br />
daculi.
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