Ucwaningo lwase-Africa Centre lwenhlalo yabantu oluhamba phambili
Ucwaningo lwase-Africa Centre lwenhlalo yabantu oluhamba phambili
Ucwaningo lwase-Africa Centre lwenhlalo yabantu oluhamba phambili
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<strong>Ucwaningo</strong> <strong>lwase</strong>-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
<strong>lwenhlalo</strong> <strong>yabantu</strong> <strong>oluhamba</strong> <strong>phambili</strong>
3<br />
9<br />
12<br />
Okuqukethwe<br />
Okuqukethwe<br />
1 Ezivela Ehhovisi Lomqondisi:<br />
2011-Unyaka Wezinqumo Ezinzima!<br />
3 Iqhaza Locwaningo Lwase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
Lwenhlalo Yabantu Emphakathini<br />
5 Ukubhekwa Kwentuthuko Yezindlu<br />
ZaseNdlovu Village<br />
7 Izingadi Zomphakathi Namaqoqo<br />
Okusekelana<br />
9 Abantu Abaphila Ne-HIV Nalabo Abathelelekile<br />
Asebethola Imishanguzo Ye-HIV Endaweni<br />
Ecwaningwayo Ngo 2010<br />
12 Dansa Ngesayensi<br />
14 Umthombo Wentsha – Ngabe Ikuphi Ingcuphe<br />
Entsheni<br />
16 Ukwamukeleka Kanye Nokwaneliseka<br />
Kweziguli Ngohlelo Lokuthiba I-HIV<br />
Nokwelapha I-TB
Ezivela Ehhovisini LoMqondisi:<br />
2011- Unyaka Wezinqumo<br />
Ezinzima!<br />
USolwazi Marie-Louise Newell<br />
Unyaka ka-2011 ungunyaka obalulekile<br />
kuyi-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> ngezindlela<br />
eziningi, ngocwaningo oluningi<br />
olusashicilelwa futhi kuningi<br />
okuqhubekayo okuzonquma inkomba<br />
yekusasa eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. ISikhungo<br />
sixhaswe ikakhulukazi i-Wellcome Trust, engenye<br />
yabaxhasi abakhulu emhlabeni. Unyaka ngemva<br />
kokuba ngibe uMqondisi ngo-Januwari 2006<br />
saphumelela ekunikezweni i-Wellcome Trust uxhaso<br />
lokwenza umsebenzi wethu eminyakeni emihlanu,<br />
ngo-2007 kuya ku-2012. Ngakho okwamanje<br />
siphakathi nokucela imali yeminyaka emihlanu<br />
elandelayo - umsebenzi omkhulu wezisebenzi<br />
ezisekhundleni eziphezulu esikhungweni. Njengoba<br />
nazi ukuthi inzika-mnotho emhlabeni wonke ifake<br />
ingcindezi enkulu kwezezimali ezinhlanganweni<br />
eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, Nathi asivikelekile<br />
kulokhu, ngakho ke kumele sisebenze kanzima<br />
ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sinayo imali esiyidingayo<br />
ukuqhubeka <strong>phambili</strong> ngalolonke ucwaningo<br />
esifuna ukulwenza. Ngokukhethekile izindlela<br />
zocwaningo ebesilokhu silwenza kuleminyaka<br />
eyisihlanu edlule, okwamanje akukhona-nje ukuthi<br />
lubalulekileocwaningweni lwethu kodwa lulethe<br />
usizo oluningi emphakathini, futhi lokhu kuchazwe<br />
kwisiqeshana sombhalo ngu-William Mhwava<br />
kamuva kulolu shicilelo.<br />
Emuva ngo-2006 ubhubhane lwe-HIV luyelwahlasela<br />
umphakathi lapha, kodwa imishanguzo<br />
yayingatholakali kalula futhi abantu abaningi kakhulu<br />
babefa. I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>, ixhaswe i-USAID/PEPFAR,<br />
yaqalisa ukusebenzisana nesiFunda SezeMpilo<br />
sakwaHlabisa futhi bakha manje okwaziwa ngokuthi<br />
uHlelo LakwaHlabisa Lokwelapha Nokunakekela<br />
okwamanje olunikekezelwa ngemitholampilo engu-<br />
17 esifundeni. Sinomahambanendlwana nezisebenzi<br />
zase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> emtholampilo ngamunye futhi<br />
manje sinabantu abangaphezu kuka-12 000 abathola<br />
imishanguzo. <strong>Ucwaningo</strong> lwethu lukhombisa ukuthi<br />
ngokushesha ngaphezu kwesigamu samakhaya<br />
asendaweni azokuba nothile kuwona othola<br />
imishanguzo. Futhi ngempela kunabaningi abanye<br />
abane-HIV kodwa abangakatholi imishanguzo<br />
futhi ngokuvamile abangazi nakwazi ukuthi bane-<br />
HIV. Naphezu kokuncishiswa kwesabelo sezimali<br />
kwamuva, sikwazile ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo<br />
zemitholampilo ngemali eyizigidi eziyisithupha<br />
zamaRandi. <strong>Ucwaningo</strong> lwethu lukombisile ukuthi<br />
ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwemishanguzo amazinga<br />
okufa kwabantu aye ehla kakhulu futhi kancane i-HIV<br />
iyashintsha ekubeni isifo esingumbulali iba yisifo<br />
esingamahlala-khona, okuyinto abantu abangaphila<br />
nayo isikhathi eside.<br />
1
Naphezu kwale mpumelelo ekwelapheni abantu<br />
abane-HIV, inkinga enzinyana ukuyixazulula<br />
iwukuthi okokuqala abantu bengavikelwa<br />
kanjani ekuthelelekeni nge-HIV. Intsha yethu<br />
isatheleleka ngezinga eliphezulu ngoshaqisayo futhi<br />
kunophawana olukhona lwentuthuko. Ukuzama<br />
ukubhekana nalokhu, i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> inohlelo<br />
olukhulu, olubizwa ngokuthi Umthombo Wentsha,<br />
oluchazwe kabanzi kamuva kuyisiqeshana sombhalo<br />
okulolu shicilelo loMbiko, oluhilela zonke izikole<br />
ezingu-51 esifundeni. Luqhuba, hhayi kuphela<br />
ucwaningo lokuzama ukuqonda ukuthi singabasiza<br />
kanjani abantu bethu abasha ukuba baphephe<br />
kuyi-HIV, kodwa futhi nokuhlinzeka ngenkonzo<br />
kamahambanendlwana wokweluleka nokuhlola.<br />
Owesibili umsebenzi wocwaningo ojabulisayo<br />
esiwuqalisayo umayelana nokuvikela i-HIV obizwa<br />
nge-TasP (Treatment as Prevention). Lomsebenzi<br />
wezigidi ezingu-30 zamaRandi, ohlanganisa<br />
iminyaka emibili, uxhaswe inhlangano yocwaningo<br />
yamaFulentshi, i-ANRS, futhi inhloso ukuzama<br />
ukunikeza imishanguzo wonke umuntu emphakathini<br />
one-HIV, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithini i-CD4.<br />
Uma singakufeza lokho, siyethemba igciwane<br />
le-HIV lingahle linciphe emphakathini, futhi<br />
ukulidlulisela kungase kumiswe. Sizokwenza lolu<br />
cwaningo-vivinyo emiphakathini emine esifundeni<br />
futhi uma kuphumelela futhi siphumelela ukuthola<br />
oxhaso olwengeziwe locwaningo, siyobe sesihlela<br />
ukulwenabisela emiphakathini eyengeziwe.<br />
Lonke ucwaningo e-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> luncike<br />
ekusekelweni umphakathi ukusivumela ukuba<br />
sivakashele amakhaya abo futhi sibabuze imibuzo<br />
- esaziyo izikhathi eziningi ukuthi imibuzo enzima<br />
futhi ehlazayo. Nokho, lolu cwaningo lubaluke<br />
ngempela ekuqondeni nasekulweni nobhubhane lwe-<br />
HIV emphakathini kanye nokuqonda kabanzi isifo<br />
ngokwesayensi. Sinomuzwa wokuthi ukuvikela,<br />
ukuhlola, ukwelapha nezinkonzo zokunakekela<br />
thina nabanye ozakwethu abaningi baseMnyangweni<br />
weZempilo kwaHlabisa abaye bakwazi ukuzakha<br />
ngaphezu kwaleminyaka eyisihlanu edlule ingakwazi<br />
ukuqhubekela <strong>phambili</strong>, futhi ngaleyondlela kancane,<br />
ngosizo oluqhubekayo lomphakathi nokubambisana,<br />
siyokwazi ukulawula futhi ngokusebenzisana<br />
sizokwazi ukuvikela lesi sifo.<br />
Siyabonga kakhulu.<br />
2
Iqhaza Locwaningo Lwase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
LweNhlalo YaBantu Emphakathini<br />
Ngu: Dr William Muhwava<br />
Le ndatshana ihlose ukuchaza ukuthi<br />
kwenzekani oCwaningweni Lwenhlalo<br />
yaBantu ngolimi okungathi wonke<br />
umuntu obandakanyeka emsebenzini<br />
we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> aluqonde. Sihlangana<br />
nabantu kwaHlabisa namaphethelo abasibuza<br />
imibuzo enjengokuthi “I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> yenzani”,<br />
“Abantu bazuzani kulokhu enikwenzayo” Abantu<br />
baye babona abasebenzi bethu basemphakathini<br />
zihamba ngezimoto zehla zenyuka endaweni bebuza<br />
imibuzo beloba phansi izimpendulo emafomini<br />
athile. Abantu baye bamangale ukuthi kungani bebuza<br />
lemibuzo futhi kungani belokhu bebuya bephindelela<br />
bebuza imibuzo efanayo. Le ndatshana izozama<br />
ukuphendula lemibuzo ngendlela ezokwenza ukuthi<br />
wonke umuntu osemphakathini wethu nangaphandle<br />
aqonde umsebenzi we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>.<br />
Umlando Omfishane We-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> yasungulwa ngo-1998 ngoxhaso<br />
olwahlinzekwa yi-Wellcome Trust eyinhlangano<br />
yomhlaba wonke exhasayo ezinze e-United Kingdom.<br />
Nakuba isikhungo socwaningo besingasungulwa<br />
noma kuphi eNingizimu Afrika, isicelo esafakwa<br />
yithimba elakhiwe yilokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi<br />
iNyuvesi yaseNatali, iNyuvesi yase-Durban<br />
Westville kanye ne-South <strong>Africa</strong>n Medical Research<br />
Council senza ukuthi i-Wellcome Trust ikholwe<br />
ukuthi iKwaZulu-Natali yindawo engcono kakhulu<br />
yokusungula lesi sikhungo socwaningo. Labo<br />
ababefuna indawo lapho sizoba khona isikhungo<br />
baqoka indawo yakwaSomkhele ngoba yaveza<br />
izimfanelo ezifanelana nezimfuneko zezinhloso<br />
zocwaningo. Emva kweminyaka emibili yokuhlela<br />
ngokucophelela, ithimba lokuqala labahlonzi<br />
3<br />
lazungeza indawo ekhethiwe libuza imibuzo. Kwaba<br />
wukuqala kohlelo oselusebenze iminyaka engaphezu<br />
kwewu-10 futhi olusazoqhubeka iminyaka eminingi.<br />
I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> izibandakanye emisebenzini emibili<br />
emikhulu yocwaningo. Owokuqala, ucwaningo<br />
<strong>lwenhlalo</strong> <strong>yabantu</strong> olulandelela abantu abawu-90<br />
000 abangamalungu emindeni engu-11 000 luphinde<br />
lubike ngezinguquko ezenzeka esibalweni sabantu<br />
ngenxa yokufuduka, ukuzalwa nokufa. Eyesibili,<br />
ucwaningo lwe-HIV oluhlanganisa ukuhlolela i-HIV<br />
kanye ngonyaka kubantu abadala abayizakhamuzi<br />
kanye nedlanzana labantu abadala bendawo<br />
kodwa abangahlali lapha. Kuneminye imisebenzi<br />
yocwaningo emincane engafakwa ngaphakathi<br />
kwalezi zinhlelo zocwaningo ezimbili ezinkulu.<br />
Ngaphezu kwalemisebenzi yocwaningo, i-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> izibandakanye nokunikezelwa kwezinkonzo,<br />
ikakhulukazi oHlelweni LwemiShanguzo (Anti-<br />
Retroviral Treatment) nasoHlelweni Lokwelulekwa<br />
nokuHlolelwa i-HIV (HIV Counselling & Testing).<br />
<strong>Ucwaningo</strong> <strong>lwase</strong>-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> lokubalwa kwabantu<br />
luhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kolwazi kubantu ababodwa<br />
bevakashelwa ngokuphindelela. Okokuqala<br />
kubalwa futhi kubhaliswe wonke umphakathi<br />
wendawo eklanywe kahle ngokwemingcele, iNdawo<br />
Yocwaningo LweNhlalo Yabantu (Demographic<br />
Surveillance Area). Emva kwalokho, kube<br />
sekuvakashelwa kaningana indawo ngayinye<br />
ebhalisiwe ngaphakathi kweNdawo Yocwaningo<br />
LweNhlalo Yabantu ukuze kubikwe ngezenzakalo<br />
ezihlobene nehlalo <strong>yabantu</strong> kanye nezempilo<br />
ezenzeke kusukela ekuvakasheni okwandulele kanye<br />
nokubika isimo samanje sakho konke okubhalisiwe<br />
endaweni.
Umphakathi ocwaningwayo uchazwa ngokujwayelekile<br />
njengalabo bantu abangabahlali ngaphakathi<br />
eNdaweni Yocwaningo LweNhlalo Yabantu futhi<br />
kusho ukuthi zimbili kuphela izindlela zokungena<br />
emphakathini wocwaningo: ukuzalwa noma<br />
ngokuthuthela eNdaweni Yocwaningo LweNhlalo<br />
Yabantu. Ngokufanayo zimbili izindlela<br />
zokuphuma emphakathini wocwaningo osoHlelweni<br />
Locwaningo LweNhlalo Yabantu (Demographic<br />
Surveillance System): ukufa noma ukuthuthela<br />
ngaphandle kweNdawo Yocwaningo LweNhlalo<br />
Yabantu.<br />
Izinzuzo Zocwaningo<br />
<strong>Ucwaningo</strong> lunobuhle obuningi olubuletha<br />
emphakathini. Njengoba luwumsebenzi ogxile<br />
emphakathini, zonke izakhamuzi zizibandakanye<br />
kulo lonke loluhlelo. Ukuba khona kwe-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> isikhathi eside kulendawo kuthuthukise<br />
ubudlelwano nomphakathi. Ihlomisa abantu ngolwazi<br />
ngomphakathi abangalusebenzisa ukwenza impilo<br />
yabo ibe ngcono. Yingakho, umphakathi uyingxenye<br />
yocwaningo kunokuba ube ngabacwaningwayo.<br />
Abasebenza emphakathini baqashwa kuwo<br />
umphakathi. Loku kunobuhle obuningi ngokuthi<br />
abasebenza emphakathini baliqonda kahle isiko<br />
lalendawo Ngokwesizinda esifanele futhi kusiza<br />
ekugwemeni udweshu. Basiza ekudluliseni<br />
imibono esizindeni esifanele futhi nokuhunyushwa<br />
kwamathuluzi ocwaningo kuvumelana nendawo.<br />
Ukuba khona kwe-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> kube nobuhle<br />
obenezelwe bokunikeza abantu bendawo ulwazi<br />
namakhono. Ezinye izisebenzi zikwazile ukufunda<br />
futhi manje bayaziqhenya ngamadiploma nangeziqu<br />
zasenyuvesi abanazo futhi abanye sebenyukele<br />
ezikhundleni eziphezulu endaweni noma kwezinye<br />
izindawo. Ngokwejwayelekile, i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
ibenesandla ekuthuthukiseni imindeni eminingi<br />
endaweni.<br />
Ukuqhubeka kokuba khona kwe-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
kwenza indlela okuqoqwa ngayo ulwazi ibengcono..<br />
Imininingwane engaphelele ngomuntu oyedwa<br />
ingabuye iqoqwe ngokuhambela okulandelayo.<br />
Ulwazi oluqoqwayo lwethembekile njengoba<br />
izenzakalo ezifana nokuzala, ukufa nokufuduka<br />
zibikwa ngokushesha ngemva kokwenzeka futhi<br />
zingaqinisekiswa ngokuhambela okulandelayo.<br />
KwiSayensi, ukuba khona kwezinga eliphezulu<br />
lobunjalo bolwazi kubalulekile. Ngokuvakasha<br />
okwenzeka kaningana emakhaya, i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa iminingwane edinga izinsuku<br />
ezithe ngqo okwenzeka ngazo isenzakalo. Izenzakalo<br />
okungenzeka ukuthi zigejekile ngokuhambela<br />
okwedlule ziyakwazi ukuba zicosheke,<br />
ikakhulukazi izenzakalo ezikhohlwakalayo noma<br />
okungakhulunywa ngazo njengokufa kwezinsana,<br />
izingane ezizalwa zifile esezithule nofuduko.<br />
Izimpendulo ezingashayi khona zincishiswa<br />
ngokuhlolisisa kusasetshenzwa ngesikhathi kuqoqwa<br />
ulwazi noma esigabeni sokufakwa kolwazi lapho<br />
izinhlelo zekhompyutha zihlolisisa amaphutha.<br />
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwe-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
nomphakathi buqiniswa iBhodi Yokweluleka<br />
YoMphakathi (CAB). I-CAB inamalungu akhethiwe<br />
omphakathi aluleka i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> ngokumelwe<br />
kucatshangelwe ngokwesiko, ngokufaneleka<br />
nokwamukeleka kocwaningo oluhlongozwayo.<br />
Okwesibili, i-CAB inikeza umgudu wokuxhumana<br />
phakathi kweSikhungo ohlangothini olulodwa<br />
kanye nomphakathi, ubuholi bomdabu (amakhosi<br />
nezinduna) kanye nobuholi bukamasipala<br />
(amakhansela akhethiwe) ngakolunye. Okwesithathu,<br />
i-CAB inikeza i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> izeluleko ngezinto<br />
ezikhathaza umphakathi. Okwesine, i-CAB ibika<br />
ngokutholakale ocwaningweni kulabo ababakhethile,<br />
ikakhulukazi emihlanganweni yomphakathi. Bonke<br />
abacwaningi babikela i-CAB ngenqubekela <strong>phambili</strong><br />
ocwaningweni labo, ngemiphumela yokuqala kanye<br />
nokutholakele.<br />
I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> njalo ngenyanga yenza imibukiso<br />
ejikelezayo. Lena imicimbi ehlelwa iHhovisi<br />
eliXhumana noMphakathi (Community Engagement<br />
Office) lase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>. Imibukiso ejikelezayo<br />
iklanywe ngomqondo wokufundisa nokunandisa,<br />
okuhlose ukufundisa izethameli ngokugxilisa<br />
izifundo ngendlela eyaziwayo yokunandisa.<br />
Lapha, abacwaningi banikezwa inkundla<br />
yokuchaza ngocwaningo olwenzekayo endaweni,<br />
obani abalungenele, ucwaningo luzokwenziwa<br />
kanjani, benxuse ukusebenzisana nangezinye<br />
izinto eziyoqinisekisa kakhulu ukuba yingxenye<br />
yocwaningo. Amalungu omphakathi anikezwa ithuba<br />
lokubuza imibuzo futhi baveze imizwa yabo mayelana<br />
naloluhlelo locwaningo. Lemibuzo nezikhalo<br />
kuphendulwa izisebenzi zase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
ishintshe indlela yomlando kulomphakathi futhi<br />
yenze umehluko oyohlala njalo. Akungatshazwa<br />
ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zizozuza kulomsebenzi<br />
owaqala ngo-1998.<br />
4
Ukubhekwa Kwentuthuko Yezindlu<br />
ZaseNdlovu Village<br />
Ngu: Mammusa Lekoa<br />
Indawo yokuhlala ibonakala njengesidingo<br />
ngqangi kuwowonke umuntu e-Ningizimu<br />
Afrika. UHulumeni wase-Ningizimu<br />
Afrika uthathe isinyathelo emva kokhetho<br />
lwentando yeningi lwango-1994 ukwenza<br />
umqulu wamalungelo ezindlu kuzozonke<br />
izakhamizi. Umqulu wase-Ningizimu Afrika<br />
wango 1996, uyinkomba ephawulekayo yalombono<br />
omusha njengoba uqinisekisa ngokucacile ilungelo<br />
lezindlu ezanele futhi uphoqe uHulumeni athathe<br />
izinyathelo eziphusile ukuzuza impumelelo. Indawo<br />
yokuhlala ibalulekile ngoba ikhombisa isimo<br />
sendawo engakhombisa isimo sempilo <strong>yabantu</strong>.<br />
Iningi labantu e-Ningizimu Afrika abanayo indawo<br />
yokuhlala futhi uHulumeni usethuthukise imithetho<br />
ekhuluma ngokungalingani okwenziwa uHulumeni<br />
wobandlululo. Nakuba inqubo yokukhetha<br />
yenziwa kumthetho sisekelo wezindlu, kodwa<br />
iyakuveza ngokucacile ukuthi ayilandelwa uma<br />
sekukhethwa abahlali. <strong>Ucwaningo</strong> <strong>lwase</strong>-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> lwacubungula konke ngabantu abahlala<br />
e-Ndlovu village ukuthola ukuthi yibaphi abantu<br />
abasuke beya kulezizindlu eziseduze zomxhaso<br />
eziseNyakatho neKwaZulu-Natal. NgokukaMasipala<br />
wase-Mtubatuba loluhlelo lwezindlu lwalubhekelela<br />
umphakathi okade uhlala kwaMsane noma<br />
izindawo ezakhelene, abasebenzisa imizi bebaningi<br />
bempintshene nakuba ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi<br />
u-60% wase-Ndlovu, umphakathi osuka kwezinye<br />
izindawo kwaMsane no-Mpukunyoni wonke.<br />
Lezindawo zifaka i-Richards bay, Empangeni, Jozini,<br />
Durban, Stanger, Ulundi, Phongola, Greytown nase-<br />
Pietermaritzburg.<br />
Ngokudidiyela, kubonakele ukuthi u-43%<br />
womphakathi wase-Ndlovu ongaphansi kuka-18 no-<br />
53% weminyaka yobudala baseminyakeni ephakathi<br />
nendawo (18-49 weminyaka) nalelo dlanzana labantu<br />
abadala abangaphezu kuka-50 kakhulukazi abantu<br />
besilisa nabesifazane abalinganayo abangabahlali<br />
baseNdlovu Village. Iningi labantu eNdlovu Village<br />
abashadile (93%) besekuthi inani labashadile lingu<br />
4%. Kubobonke abahlali baseNdlovu Village<br />
abangamashumi amathathu nesithupha kwabayikhulu<br />
(36%) yilabo abasuke ngaphakathi kwemingcele<br />
yendawo ecwaningwayo (Indawo ecwaningwa ngu-<br />
<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>) kulaba abangamashumi ayisikhombisa<br />
5
nesithupha ekhulwini (76%) basuka kwi ngxenye ye-<br />
DSA kanti abayishumi nane kwabayikhulu (14%)<br />
basuka ezindaweni zasemakhaya futhi abayishumi<br />
nanye ekhulwini (11%) basuka engxenyeni<br />
yasedolobheni eyingxenye ye-DSA. Abanye<br />
kwabaningi abahambe bayohlala eNdlovu besuka<br />
kuDSA banesimo esikhulu senhlalo-mnotho yabo<br />
( 75%) balandelwe yilabo abasezingeni elikahle<br />
lomnotho, (41%). Abayishumi nambili ekhulwini<br />
(22%) abasezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngokomnotho<br />
futhi nabahlanu kwabayikhulu (5%) abasezingeni<br />
eliphansi kakhulu kakhulu ngokwesimo somnotho<br />
lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi intuthuko ngokwesimo<br />
somnotho ilandelwa yilelo esezingeni eliphansi<br />
ngokwesimo mnotho.<br />
ENdlovu Village kubukeka iminingi imindeni<br />
ephethwe abantu besilisa abangamashumi<br />
amahlanu nanye kwabayikhulu (51%) kunaleyo<br />
ephethwe abesifazane abangamashumi amane<br />
nesishagalolunye kwabayikhulu (49%). Bangamakhulu<br />
ayisikhombisa nambili (702) abayizinhloko<br />
zemindeni phakathi kwenani elincane lemindeni<br />
eliyisilinganiso somuntu oyedwa futhi neningi<br />
lemindeni elinganiselwa kweyishumi nane (14).<br />
Ngokujwayelekile inani lemindeni lilinganiselwa<br />
kwemine (4). Lokhu kuyakhombisa ukuthi kukhona<br />
umehluko omncane ongokwesilinganiso somndeni<br />
phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abaphethe<br />
imindeni. Kwabesifazane abaphethe imindeni<br />
kunesilinganiso ngokujwayelekile esiwu-4.2 kanti<br />
kwabesilisa abaphethe imindeni kunesilinganiso sika-<br />
3,7 abangamalungu omndeni. Isilinganiso seminyaka<br />
yabaphethe imindeni eNdlovu Village ingamashumi<br />
amathathu nanhlanu (35). Kafushane abantu<br />
abasezingeni eliphansi futhi neliphansi kakhulu lesimo<br />
somnotho kwakukancane ukuthi bathole izindlu<br />
ngokulandela inqubo eyayibekiwe yizishayamthetho<br />
zezindlu. Ngakho-ke ngalolohlelo lukaMasipala,<br />
izindlu zazuzwa abaqondene nendawo ebizwa<br />
ngoMsane Township kanye nezindawo ezakhelene<br />
nayo. Incazelo yesizathu sokuqala kungaba ukuthi<br />
labo ababefanele ukuthola izindlu babengenazo<br />
izimfanelo ezanele ezazingenza ba yohlala eNdlovu<br />
Village. Esesibili kungaba ukuba hlwempu, abantu<br />
banobunzima ekufakeni izicelo zomazisi okuyibona<br />
okudingeka bafake ngabo izicelo zezindlu.<br />
Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni kumele aqinise izindlela<br />
njengokuveza isiqiniseko sokuba umhlali<br />
wa<strong>phambili</strong>ni. Lokhu kuyosiza ekulawuleni<br />
labo abangenayo besuka ezindaweni ezikude<br />
okuwubunzima lwalabo bangaphakathi ekutholeni<br />
izinhlelo ezenzelwe bona Uhulumeni kumele enze<br />
isiqinisekiso sokuthi uletha zonke izimfanelo<br />
ezidingakalayo eduze nomphakathi ukubanikeza<br />
amathuba okufaka izicelo zezincwadi ezifanele<br />
ezidingakalayo ekuceleni izindlu zikahulumeni<br />
6
Izingadi Zomphakathi Namaqoqo<br />
Okusekelana<br />
Ngu: Menzi Mthethwa noColin Newell<br />
Uhlelo lakwaHlabisa lokwelapha<br />
nokunakekela abaphila nesandulela<br />
ngculaza, olulekelelwa i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>,<br />
laziwa kangcono ngokunikezela<br />
ngabeluleki, abahlengikazi, odokotela<br />
kanye nomahamba nendlwana ukusiza ukuhlola<br />
nokwelapha abaphila nesandulela ngculaza.<br />
Olunye uhlelo okukhulunywa kancane ngalo yilolo<br />
lokunakekela. Lolu lunakekela abantu abaphila<br />
nesandulela ngculaza nengculaza uqobo ngezindlela<br />
ezahlukene njengosizo lwezenhlalakahle,<br />
ukunakekelwa kwasemakhaya, ukulandelwa<br />
kweziguli futhi nangosizo lokweluleka ngokudla<br />
okunempilo. Ibuye izame ukukhuthaza abantu ukuthi<br />
baphile impilo engcono ngaphandle kokucwaswa.<br />
Ingxenye eyodwa ebalulekile yohlelo lokunakekela<br />
uhlelo lokulekelela lwezingadi lwenziwe<br />
emtholampilo ewu-17 eyahlukene esifunda nkantolo<br />
sakwaHlabisa. I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> iqashe ngokugcwele<br />
7<br />
ihhovisi lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, uSibongile<br />
Gumede, olekelela, akhuthaze, ahole futhi<br />
alekelele lezinhlelo. Lezinhlelo azikhonela kuphela<br />
ukukhiqiza izitshalo, kodwa ngoba ukulima<br />
kulekelela ekuzivocavoceni okuhle, kukhuthaze<br />
indlela yokuphila engcono futhi kugqugquzele<br />
ukusebenzisana okuhle emphakathini.<br />
Iningi lezingadi likuyo imtholampilo uqobo. Isizathu<br />
esibalulekile salokhu ukuthi kunezingcingo ezibiyele<br />
kahle iningi lemitholampilo ezivikela izitshalo<br />
ekudliweni izinkomo nezimbuzi, okuyinkinga enkulu<br />
yezinye izingadi zomphakathi endaweni. Esinye<br />
isizathu esibalulekile esokuthi amanzi anikezelwa<br />
emtholampilo asetshenziswe ukuchelela izitshalo.<br />
Ezinye izingadi endaweni zibuye zikhokhele amanzi<br />
kanye nembewu. Enye yezingadi eyenze kahle<br />
elinywe iSiyathuthuka Support Group eseNtondweni<br />
Clinic. Isivuno sabo sakamuva sasengadini yabo<br />
sihlanganisa lelithanga elikhulu 11.2kg elisezandleni
zomqondisi we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>, elanikelelwa<br />
i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> ukubonga ngokukhuthaza nokusiza<br />
abalunikezile. <strong>Ucwaningo</strong> lwakamuva lwezingadi<br />
ezimbili zomphakathi kwaMsane Township<br />
beluqhutshwa nguMenzi Mthethwa oyisakhamuzi<br />
nofunda eNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natal eThekwini,<br />
obelekelelwa i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> ezifundweni zakhe.<br />
Izingadi ezimbili ebezibuka bekuyi-Thathigeja,<br />
esibekhona iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi<br />
amabili, neSiyajabula esungulwe eminyakeni<br />
embalwa edlule.<br />
Ngonyaka ka-2009 ucwaningo lwakhe luthole ukuthi<br />
ngabantu abadala ikakhulukazi abazi mbandakanye<br />
ezingadini. Eqinisweni azikho nhlobo izingadi<br />
ezimbandakanya abantu abasha. I-Thathigeja Garden<br />
ibisondelene nasebehola impesheni futhi buduze<br />
nabobonke abesifazane. Labo abaseSiyajabula<br />
bekungabasebancane futhi iningi labo izifundiswa<br />
eziqashwe ngokugcwele ikakhulukazi othishela<br />
Abaningi bebechaza ukuthi bafunde amakhono<br />
ezolimo kobaba babo, bethi kudala bekungabantu<br />
besilisa ababebaningi kulomsebenzi, okumanje<br />
usuwenziwa kakhulu abesifazane.<br />
Abantu bathi inhloso ngqangi yokuzimbandakanya<br />
ekutshaleni ukwengeza ukudla kwabo, ngamanye<br />
amazwi basebenzisa imikhiqhizo ukudla emakhaya<br />
abo noma banikeze omakhelwane babo futhi<br />
nemindeni yabo, hayi ukudayisa. Basebenza<br />
ngentshisekelo nangesizathu sezempilo, bebona<br />
ukuthi ukudla okusha futhi okunempilo kuyakhiqizwa.<br />
Futhi babona izingadi zibasiza ukuvimbela indlala<br />
futhi nasekubambeni iqhaza empilweni engcono.<br />
Bayingcosana abathola inkokhelo ngokusebenza<br />
ezingadini zabanye, bekubheka njengento<br />
ebangenisela imali.<br />
Siyathuthuka Support Group Entondweni<br />
8
Abantu Abaphila Ne-HIV Nalabo Abathelelekile<br />
Asebethola Imishanguzo Ye-HIV Endaweni<br />
Ecwaningwayo Ngo-2010<br />
Ngu: Dr Abraham Malaza<br />
Isendlalelo<br />
Umjikelezo wokuqala ohlelweni lokuhlolela i-HIV<br />
waqalwa ngo-2003. Ngalesosikhathi ukusatshalaliswa<br />
kwemishanguzo kwakungakandi noma kwakufana<br />
nokungekho endaweni. Njengakuzozonke<br />
izingxenye ze-South <strong>Africa</strong> isikhathi esingaphambi<br />
kuka-2004 sasinokushona okuphezulu okuhlobene<br />
ne-HIV. Masiqhubekela <strong>phambili</strong> ku-2010, isimo<br />
sishintshe sabangcono ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa<br />
kwemishanguzo kusukela ngo-2004. Ngaleyondlela<br />
zimpilo eziningi zisindile futhi zisazoqhubeka<br />
nokusinda njengoba imishanguzo yanda. Minyaka<br />
yonke iningi labantu lithola lemishanguzo esindisa<br />
Impilo.<br />
Kukulokhukukhanya ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlolela i-HIV<br />
luqhubeka nokuba oludingekayo, ukubheka kwethu<br />
okuqhubekayo (bangaki) nokusabalala (kangakanani)<br />
kwe-HIV emphakathini kuwumsebenzi omkhulu<br />
we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> Yocwaningo LwezeMpilo<br />
Nokubalwa kwaBantu. Ulwazi lwe-Surveillance<br />
lugcwalisa izinhloso zethu eziningana, ezinye zazo<br />
ukubheka ukuhamba kwezifo, ukuhlela, ukwabiwa<br />
kwezinsiza kusebenza, ukwakhiwa kwemithetho<br />
nokubanemingenelelo enobufakazi.<br />
Leliphepha lihlose ukunikeza ulwazi lwakamuva<br />
ngenani labantu abaphila ne-HIV kwi-DSA<br />
liqhathaniswa nenani labantu abathelelekile phakathi<br />
kuka-2003 no-2010. Okwesibili linikeza izibalo<br />
zabantu abasohlelweni lwemishanguzo (ART) futhi<br />
ngokwenzenjalo likhombisa ukuthi ingakanani<br />
inqubekela-<strong>phambili</strong> eseyenzekile kusukela ngo-<br />
2003 kuya ku-2010.<br />
Imiphumela<br />
Izilinganiso zokutheleleka nge-HIV (iphesenti<br />
elikhombisa inani labantu abaphila ne-HIV<br />
emphakathini ngesikhathi) kwi-DSA zazingaphansi<br />
(19%) ngo-2007 no-2008 futhi kuze kubemanje<br />
isilinganiso esiphezulu saqinisekiswa ngo-2010<br />
ngenkathi izinga lokutheleleka elaqinisekiswa ngo-2003<br />
9
Year Female Male Overall<br />
2007 HIV Result Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent<br />
Positive 1,325 21 389 13 1,714 19<br />
Negative 4,837 79 2,565 87 7,402 81<br />
Total 6,152 100 2,954 100 9,116 100<br />
2010 HIV Result Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent<br />
Positive 2,007 28 515 16 2,522 24<br />
Negative 5,255 72 2,669 84 7,924 76<br />
Total 7,262 100 3,184 100 10,446 100<br />
Table 1: Amazinga okutheleleka ngokobulili ngo-2007 no-2010<br />
lalingu-23%, 21% (oyedwa kwabahlanu) kubobonke<br />
abesifazane ababehlolwe ngo-2007 latholakala<br />
lithelelekile uma liqhathaniswa no-13% (oyedwa<br />
kwabayisishagalombili) besilisa abahlola ngonyaka<br />
ofanayo. Ngakwesinye isandla u-28% (abathathu<br />
kwabayishumi) wabesifazane batholakala bene-<br />
HIV ngo-2010 beqhathaniswa no-15% (cishe ababili<br />
kwabayishumi) besilisa ngonyaka ofanayo (Table 1).<br />
Kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi kuzozombili izinhla<br />
abesifazane babanezinga lokutheleleka okuphezulu<br />
kunabesilisa<br />
Itafula elingenhla likhombisa amazinga okutheleleka<br />
nge-HIV aphezulu kubantu besifazane uma<br />
beqhathaniswa nabantu besilisa. Ngezansi sibheka<br />
imithelela yobulili neminyaka ekubhebhethekeni<br />
kwe-HIV kwi-DSA. Ngo-2010 inani labantu<br />
abatheleleke nge-HIV laliphezulu kubantu besifazane<br />
kunabantu besilisa kwiqoqo labantu beminyaka<br />
efanayo ephakathi kweminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-34<br />
ubudala. Kwiqoqo leminyaka engaphezu kuka-44,<br />
izinga lokutheleleka lalingaphezulu kubantu besilisa<br />
kunabesifazane beqoqo leminyaka efanayo (Table 1).<br />
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokutheleleka kubantu<br />
besifazane kwabonakala kuku-59% eqoqweni<br />
leminyaka eku-30-34 ngenkathi kwabesilisa<br />
ukutheleleka kwenyuke kwabangu-53% kwabesilisa<br />
beminyaka engu-35 kuya ku-39 ubudala.<br />
Ukulungela imishanguzo kushicilelwe kwi-<br />
National Treatment Guidelines ngokulandelayo:<br />
amasosha omzimba angaphansi kuka-200 kubantu<br />
abadala besilisa nabesifazane abangakhulelwe,<br />
amasosha angaphansi kuka-350 kubantu besifazane<br />
abakhulelwe kanye nesifo sofuba (TB) nakubantu<br />
abatheleleke ngakho kokubili. Ingxube yemishanguzo<br />
nalelo elingasayizwa imishanguzo (MDR/XDR)<br />
iziguli ezinofuba ziyaqaliswa emveni kokutholakala<br />
kungabukwa ukuthi amasosha athini.<br />
Ukusabalala kwemishanguzo kuchazwa inani<br />
labantu abayitholayo imishanguzo ngesikhathi<br />
kwehlukaniswa yinani labantu asebelungele ukungena<br />
ohlelweni lwemishanguzo ngesikhathi esifanayo<br />
(kubala labo abavele sebeyithola imishanguzo.<br />
Isilinganiso sokusabalala kwemishanguzo<br />
okungu-74% ku-DSA sabalwa. Ngoba isilinganiso<br />
asibabali abantu abathola imishanguzo emikhakheni<br />
yezempilo yangasese (ezimele) ngaphandle<br />
kwesifundankantolo ukusabalaliswa kwemishanguzo<br />
kungaba kukhulu. Ngakwesinye isandla ubungako<br />
bokusabalala kwesidingo semishanguzo akwaziwa<br />
njengoba kungebona bonke abantu abahambayo<br />
ukuyohelolela i-HIV. Ngaleyondlela akwaziwa<br />
ukuthi bangaki abantu abathelelekile nokuthi bangaki<br />
asebenamasosha asengaphansi kuka-200 noma<br />
ngaphansi kuka-350 kubantu besifazane abazithwele<br />
nalabo abanesifo sofuba (TB). Ukuzazi isimo sakho<br />
se-HIV kubaluleke kakhulu.<br />
• Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, lolulwazi<br />
lubalulekile kumuntu othintekayo ukuze<br />
bakwazi ukuthola izinhlelo zempilo nokuthi<br />
uma sebeyidinga imishanguzo bakwazi<br />
ukuqaliswa ohlelweni lwemishanguzo.<br />
• Ezingeni lomphakathi, ukwazi ngenani labantu<br />
abathelelekile kubalulekile kuhulumeni<br />
nabanye abahlinzeka ngezinkonzo ukuze<br />
ukuhleleka kahle nezinkonzo ezanele<br />
zingahlinzekwa lapho zidingeka khona<br />
kakhulu.<br />
10
Ngaleyondlela ukwazi komuntu ngesimo sakhe<br />
kuyinzuzo kumuntu ngamunye othintekayo<br />
nasemphakathi wakhe, ngandlela thize.<br />
Lokhukwenyuka okuncane kokutheleleka nge-<br />
HIV phakathi kuka-2003 no-2010 kubhekekile<br />
futhi akumangazi. Lokhu kubangelwa imithelela<br />
yemishanguzo njengoba abantu abaningi<br />
abathelelekile bethola imishanguzo, bagcineka<br />
bephilile ngaleyondlela inani labantu abathelelekile<br />
emphakathini liyenyuka. Ukuncipha kokushona<br />
okuhlobene ne-HIV kuwumphumela omuhle<br />
wokusatshalaliswa kwemishanguzo, ukuthathwa<br />
kwemishanguzo nokuthathwa kahle kwayo<br />
yilawomalunga omphakathi athelelekile.<br />
Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa amathuba abantu<br />
besifazane abasebancane okuzimbandakanya ocansini<br />
nabantu besilisa abadala. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe<br />
izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka nge-HIV kubantu<br />
besifazane eminyakeni ephansi nokwenyuka<br />
kwezinga lokutheleleka kubantu besilisa eminyakeni<br />
elandelayo. Lokhu kubonakaliswa amazinga aphezulu<br />
okutheleleka lapho ukwenyuka kokutheleleka<br />
kubantu besilisa kwabonakala kwiqoqo leminyaka<br />
engaphezulu kwemihlanu ubudala kunalapho<br />
ukwenyuka kwakubonakele kubantu besifazane.<br />
Ukubhebhetheka kwe-HIV kusenokwenzeka kakhulu<br />
emphakathini lapho amazinga okutheleleka nge-HIV<br />
ephezulu. Ukutheleleka okusha (incidence) nakho<br />
kuwukukala okubalulekile ekubhekeni ukutheleleka<br />
nge-HIV. Njengokuvimbela okuqhubekayo<br />
nokushesha kokutholakala ngokuhlolelwa i-HIV<br />
kubalulekile empini yokulwa nalolubhubhane.<br />
Ukushesha ukuthola kubalulekile kumphumela<br />
wokwelapha (prognosis), abantu abaqala<br />
imishanguzo benamasosha aphezulu benza<br />
kangcono kunabantu abaqala imishanguzo uma<br />
amasosha abo esephansi kakhulu. Ukuphindeka<br />
kokutheleleka kubantu asebevele bethelelekile<br />
kuyingozi ekhona edinga ukuthi igwenye<br />
ngayoyonke indlela.<br />
Nakuba izinga eliphelele lokudingeka<br />
kwemishanguzo ku-DSA lingaziwa, ukusatshalaliswa<br />
okulinganiswayo kuyakhuthaza ngenxa yokuthi<br />
kungaphezulu kwalokhu kwe-Province (40%, 2008<br />
no-National (55% ngo-2009) ngokwezilinganiso.<br />
Figure: Amazinga okutheleleka nge-HIV ngokubulili namaqoqo eminyaka, 2010<br />
11
Dansa Ngesayensi<br />
Ngu: Dr Astrid Treffry-Goatley<br />
Ukudansa nge sayensi uhlelo olusha<br />
lwezokuxhumana oluqalwe i<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> okuyisikhungo socwaningo<br />
nokubalwa kwa bantu. I<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
yisikhungo socwaningo lwe-HIV<br />
umhlaba wonke ekuhlolweni kwe-HIV; ekwelapheni<br />
nasohlelweni lokunakekela ihlangene nomnyango<br />
wezempilo enyakatho nekwaZulu-Natal lapho<br />
ubhubhane lwe-HIV lungolunye <strong>oluhamba</strong> <strong>phambili</strong><br />
emhlabeni. Cishe oyedwa kwababili abadala<br />
abaneminyaka engu-35 kuya ku-40 bathelelekile.<br />
Loluhlelo luhlose ukugcizelela izingxoxo<br />
emphakathini mayelana nocwaningo lwesayensi<br />
futhi balethe ubufakazi obuncike kwi-HIV nezempilo<br />
begqugquzela umlayezo kuzo zonke izindawo<br />
ezifana nezinto zokuthutha umphakathi, izindawo<br />
zokungcebeleka, nezindawo zokuthengisa.<br />
Kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa, ukusabalalisa nokuhlola<br />
umculo, iqonde ukugqugquzela ezempilo ne-HIV<br />
nemiyalezo mayelana nokuthathwa kwezinqumo.<br />
Ama-CD amabili kwamathathu aseqediwe futhi<br />
asabalaliswa mahhala kulabo esisebenzisana nabo<br />
kulomphakathi kuhlanganisa nabashayeli bamatekisi,<br />
nabanikazi bezindawo zokucima ukoma, nezindawo<br />
zokulungisa amakhanda. Amatekisi iyona ndlela<br />
12
yokuthutha abantu kulendawo ecwaningwa u<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> ngenani elicishe libe okubili kokuthathu<br />
kubantu abalinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingu-<br />
50 kuya ku-60 abagibela matekisi ngeviki. Itekisi<br />
ngayinye ine-CD nakuba benawo amanye ama-CD<br />
abo abawadlalayo. Ngakho abalaleli abahloswe kulolu<br />
hlelo abagibeli bamatekisi. Ngomhlaka-13 Februwari<br />
2011 loluhlelo lwethulwa eNhlanganweni yamatekisi<br />
yase Mtubatuba. Lomcimbi wawuhanjelwe abashayeli<br />
bamatekisi abacishe babe ngu-200. Ekwethulweni<br />
kohlelo abashayeli bathola ama-CD amabili kanye<br />
nepheshana elifundisa nge-HIV nesikibha sokudansa<br />
nge sayensi kanye nokudla. Uma i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
isithole uvo kosomatekisi ezimpendulweni zabagibeli<br />
kulama-CD amabili, i-CD yesithathu izokwakhiwa<br />
isatshalaliswe.<br />
Bokuthula noDebra Gumede okwamanje sihlanganisa<br />
umculo we-CD yesithathu sibheke izingoma ze hip<br />
hop ukuze sizihlanganise. Kuze kube manje u-DJ<br />
Bonjz we-Sony Music usinike izingoma ezimbili.<br />
Noma yibaphi abaculi nezinkampani zokuqopha<br />
ezithandayo ziyamukeleka ukuba zibe yingxenye<br />
yaloluhlelo olunesasasa.<br />
Lolu uhlelo oluthokozisayo ngoba sicabanga ukuthi<br />
lolulwazi olukulama-CD luzothuthukisa ukuqonda<br />
komphakathi ngokutheleleka nokuvikeleka<br />
nge-HIV. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-CD ihlanganiswe<br />
namanye amaculo omphakathi osuzinikezele<br />
kulolucwaningo nemizamo yokuvimba ukudlulisela<br />
i-HIV futhi lobu budlelwano bubalulekile<br />
ekuphumeleliseni loluhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo<br />
ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa nokubandakanyeka<br />
kakhulu kosomatekisi nezinhlangano zamatekisi<br />
zendawo lama-CD abengeke alalelwe umphakathi.<br />
Loluhlelo lubuye luvumele i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> inikezele<br />
ngethuba lokuzikhangisa futhi umculo wabo ubuye<br />
ulalelwe abantu abebekade bengawulaleli ezindaweni<br />
zase makhaya. Kungokokuqala lokhu ukuthi<br />
kwakheke lobudlelwano kulendawo sisebenzise<br />
<strong>phambili</strong> sizesebenzise loluhlelo ukuthola ukuqonda<br />
okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nendlela eyehlukile<br />
yokuthola ukuthi ingabe ukuxhumana ngesayensi<br />
nezidingo zemboni kuyasebenza yini nokuthi<br />
kukanjani kulomkhakha. Kuyimanje, ukwesekwa<br />
esikuthole embonini yomculo kube sezngeni<br />
elikukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, u-DJ Tira owumnikazi<br />
we Afrotainment okuyisitudiyo esidumile futhi odabuka<br />
kwa Hlabisa ube nokulangazelela okuyisimanga<br />
kulolu hlelo. U-DJ Tira unikezele ngezingoma<br />
ezingu-6 ze-Afrotainment futhi ungumlingisi<br />
o<strong>phambili</strong> engxoxweni. Sithanda ukuthi sithi<br />
“siyabonga kakhulu DJ Tira” ngobubele bakho<br />
nokuseseka kwakho. Omunye obaluleke kakhulu<br />
ekusixhaseni ngu-Malcom Nhleko we-Maltre<br />
Production, obemnene ngokuqopha ingxoxo-ye-<br />
CD endaweni yakhe yokuqopha e-Newlands West.<br />
Abanye ebesibambisene nabo embonini yezomculo<br />
abanikelile kulolu hlelo ngezingoma zabo<br />
sihlanganisa no Sheer Sound, EMI, Gallo,Abafana<br />
13
Umthombo Wentsha –<br />
Ngabe Ikuphi Ingcuphe Entsheni<br />
Ngu: Graeme Hoddinott noBusisiwe Pungula<br />
Isendlalelo<br />
Iningi labantu abasebancane bahaqwa yigciwane<br />
lenculaza ngulaza kwiminyaka emaphakathi bengena<br />
esikolweni samabanga aphakeme nangenkathi<br />
sebengena esigabeni sobudala. Ziningi izizathu<br />
eziholela kulengcuphe: Imvelo yokwakheka<br />
komuntu, Usikompilo kanye namasiko. Ukuze<br />
siqonde ukuthi intsha ingazivikela kanjani kumele<br />
siqonde kuqala ukuthi ingabe siyivikela kuphi.<br />
Yingoba bengenalo ulwazi olwanele olumayelana<br />
negciwane lesandulela ngculaza Noma yingoba<br />
ayenele imithombo yokuthola izinsiza zokuvikela<br />
njengamajazi omkhwenyana noma ukwalulekwa<br />
nokuhlolela isandulela nculaza<br />
Ingabe ikuphi esikuhlosile<br />
Sifuna ukuthola izinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngabe<br />
iziphi izinto ezihlotshananiswa nabantu abasha<br />
ngokuba socansini njalonjalo, ngokukhulelwa kanye<br />
nabahlolwe batholakala ukuthi sebethelelekile<br />
ngesandulela ngculaza Okwesibili, ingabe iziphi<br />
izinto ezihlotshaniswa nabantu abasha abangalwenzi<br />
ucansi, abanomaqondana abangabaningi kanye<br />
nabavikelekile kwigciwane lesandulela ngculaza<br />
Sifuna ukuthola ukuqonda ukuthi ngabe ukhona<br />
yini umehluko kwingcuphe phakathi kwabafanyana<br />
namantombazanyana, uma bekhula besuka ebusheni<br />
beya ebudaleni, noma imiphakath engafani<br />
inengcuphe engafani yini. Sihlose ukusebenzisa<br />
lolulwazi ukuthuthukisa imigomo ebekwe phansi<br />
14
eyenzelwe ngqo ukungenelela ukuze isetshenziswe<br />
kanye nokuthi ihlolwe kuzo zonke izikole zemfundo<br />
ephakeme esifundeni sakwaHlabisa<br />
Ubani oyingxenye yaloluhlelo Nanokuthi<br />
ngabe lusebenza kanjani<br />
Zonke izikole zamabanga aphakeme ezingu-51<br />
kwisifunda nkantolo sakwaHlabisa ziyingxenye<br />
yaloluhlelo ngaphandle kwabafundi bebanga lika-<br />
Grade 8 kanye no-Grade 9 esibameme ukuthi<br />
babe yingxenye yaloluhlelo. Umfundi ngamunye<br />
ozobe eyingxenye yaloluhlelo uzoxhuswaukuba<br />
aphendule iqoqwana lemibuzo emayelana<br />
nezimo zabo, indlela ababuka ngayo izinto kanye<br />
nangendlela abaziphatha ngayo, nanokunika<br />
ithimba labacwaningi isampula lamaconsi egazi.<br />
Imibuzo izophendulwa umfundi ngamunye<br />
kumakhalekhukwini azobe unikezelwe iloluhlelo.<br />
Akekho umfundi ovumeleke ukuthi abe yingxenye<br />
yaloluhlelo uma engaphethe imvume ebhalwe phansi<br />
lapho umzali ezibophezela khona. Lenhlolovo<br />
iyimfihlo okuchaza ukuthi akekho umfundi oyothola<br />
ukuthi sinjani isimo sakhe mayelana negciwane<br />
lesandulela ngculaza ngokuzimbandakanya<br />
kuloluhlelo<br />
Lenhlolovo izokwenziwa ngesikhathi sesikole,<br />
nangedlela ezohambisana nokufunda kwabafundi,<br />
ngokuphazamisa okuncane kakhulu ekufundeni.<br />
Indlela okuzokwenzeka ngayo kuzothatha<br />
okungenani isikhathi sezifundo ezimbili.<br />
Lokhuokucishe kube abafundi ababalelwa<br />
kwabangamashumi ayisithupha (60) abangaba<br />
yingxenye yalenhlolovo ngelanga, ithimba<br />
lizovakashela isikole ngasinye isikhathi esanele<br />
ukuze wonke umfundi athole ithuba. Umfundi<br />
ngamunye ozobe eyingxenye uzoba semathubeni<br />
okuziwinela umuklomelo kamakhalekhukwini<br />
ozobe ukhishwe yiloluhlelo kumncintiswayo<br />
oyokwenziwa uma sekuphele loluhlelo kanye<br />
nemithobanhliziyo eyonikezwa isikole ngasinye.<br />
Isikole somphakathi okuyobayisona esoba nezinga<br />
eliphezulu labafundi ababe yingxeneye yaloluhlelo<br />
naso siyoklonyeliswa.<br />
Umahamba-nendlwana wokweluleka<br />
nokuhlola<br />
Kunosizo oluzotholaka ezikoleni ezibambe iqhaza<br />
kulenhlolovo ewuhlelo lakwa Hlabisa lokunikezela<br />
ngemithi kanye nokunakekela nalapho u <strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> ebambisene khona nomnyango wezempilo,<br />
unikezela ngomahambanendlwana bezokwaluleka<br />
kanye nokuhlolela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza<br />
emphakathini yabo kulama viki amabili kuze kuphele<br />
ucwaningo. Abafundi, abasebenzi basesikoleni kanye<br />
namalunga omphakathi bonke bangazuza kuloluhlelo.<br />
Inqubekela <strong>phambili</strong> kanye<br />
nokuzimbandakanya komphakathi<br />
Phakathi kukaNtulikazi kanye noZibandlela<br />
wonyaka ka-2010 bangaphezu kwezinkulungwane<br />
ezintathu abafundi ababa yingxenye yaloluhlelo.<br />
Okuyinjongo ukuthola abanye abafundi<br />
abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha<br />
ukuba babe yingxenye ngaphambi komhlaka-16 Juni<br />
2011. Kuyasithokozisa ukuthi ingxenye yamashumi<br />
ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu ekhulwini labafundi<br />
abagunyazwe ngabazali babo ukuba babambe<br />
iqhaza ngokuphendula imibuzo kanye nokunikela<br />
ngamaconsi egazi. Sanelisekile ngokuthi cishe<br />
abazali abangamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu<br />
ekhulwini banikeza izingane zabo ithuba, sinxenxa<br />
nabanye abazali ukuthi benze kanjalo<br />
Lenhlolovo isikhiqize isiqalo semiphumela<br />
eseqophelweni eliphezulu ngezindlela okumele<br />
ibuzwe ngayo intsha mayelana nezinto ezithinta<br />
ubulili bubhekelelwe nanokuthi ayihlabi,<br />
nanokuthi ngabe ikahle yini kumasiko nokuqoqa<br />
ulwazi oluyiqiniso. Lemiphumela yalenhlalovo<br />
iyakusatshalaliswa emhlanganweni yomphakathi,<br />
ngokwezigaba zama wadi, kuyoqala ekupheleni<br />
kukaNtulikazi 2011. Sethemba ukwazisa ngokuzayo<br />
umnyango wezemfundo kanye nezinhlango<br />
ezingenzi nzuzo ezihola ukungenelela ekutheni<br />
yini kanti lena ebeka intsha ukuze kulwiswane<br />
nalesisihlava<br />
Ukusekela kanye nokugunyazwa<br />
Loluhlelo luxhaswe inhlangano yakwa Welcome<br />
trust. Igunya linikezelwe ngumnyango wezemfundo<br />
ngokwesifunda nkantolo nanokwezinga<br />
lesiyingi. Iziphathimandla zomasipala ababili<br />
okuwu-Mtubatuba kanye no-Hlabisa kanye<br />
neziphathimandla ezibhekelele ezendabuko ezine<br />
okuyi Mpukunyoni, Mpembeni, Mdletsheni<br />
kanye naMatshamnyama, khona esifundeni bonke<br />
bazisiwe mayelana nalenhlolovo badlulisa futhi<br />
nelaka labo lokuyisekela. Umnyango wezempilo<br />
kanye nehhovisi lika Ndunankulu laKwaZulu-Natal<br />
bobabili bayazi ngalolucwaningo kanti silangazelela<br />
ukuthi bayoyisebenzisa imiphumela.<br />
15
Ukwamukeleka Kanye Nokwaneliseka<br />
Kweziguli Ngohlelo Lokuthiba I-HIV<br />
Nokwelapha I-TB<br />
Ngu:Natsayi Chimbindi<br />
Ubhubhane lwesifo sofuba (TB)<br />
kanye neHIV eAfrika luvame<br />
ukwenzeka kubantu abafanayo,<br />
ngezinga lokutheleleka eligcina<br />
liholele esidingweni esikhulu<br />
sezinsizakusebenza zezempilo lapha eNingizimu<br />
Afrika. Isifundankantolo sakwaHlabisa okuyisona<br />
esinomthwalo walo lolubili lolubhubhane asishiyiwe<br />
ngaphandle. Ukukhula ngesivinini kokwelashwa<br />
ngemishanguzo kuhlanganisa nokwelashelwa isifo<br />
sofuba ngendla yokudluliselana okungaholela<br />
emigqeni emide nokuncipha kwethuba lesiguli kanye<br />
nokunikezela ngosizo kanye neminye imingenelelo<br />
enciphisa ukwamukeleka kosizo nokuneliseka<br />
kweziguli. Uhlelo lwakwaHlabisa lokwelapha<br />
nokunakekela imitholampilo ewu-17 eholwa<br />
ngamanesi ukunakekela kanye ne-HIV kuhlanganiswe<br />
eduze ngokudluliselana kulezizinhlelo zombili.<br />
Ngaphezu kwalokho ezinye iziguli zidinga ukuhamba<br />
ihora nangaphezulu uma ziya emitholampilo.<br />
<strong>Ucwaningo</strong> olubizwa nge-“Researching in Equity<br />
in Access to Health Care” (REACH) lucwaninge<br />
kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba ngo-2009<br />
emitholampilo emine esifundankantolo sakwaHlabisa<br />
luqoqa ulwazi ezimweni ezintathu kuhlanganisa<br />
i-HIV ne-TB lugxile kubantu abadla imishanguzo<br />
kanye nemithi ye-TB. Iphepha lemibuzo ehlelekile<br />
lalisetshenziswa abaqoqi bolwazi abaqeqeshiwe<br />
enanini labantu abawu-600 uma sebeqede ukuthola<br />
ukwelashelwa i-TB kanye nemishanguzo ye-HIV<br />
emitholampilo. Imitholampilo eyayisetshenziswa<br />
kwakuyi: Madwaleni, Nkundusi, Mpukunyoni,<br />
Ezwenelisha kanye noHlabisa (Esangweni<br />
nasePhilanjalo)<br />
Inxenye yocwaningo lwe-REACH lwalubuza<br />
imibuzo ebheka ukwamukeleka nokwaneliseka<br />
kweziguli okuhlanganisa ukwaneliseka ngosizo,<br />
inhlonipho, ubungasese nemfihlo, ukukwazi<br />
ukubika ukungaphumeleli kweziguli ukuvakashela<br />
imitholampilo kubasebenzi bezempilo kanye<br />
16
nesimo sengqondo sabasebenzi bezempilo nokunye,<br />
izithombe iziguli eziba nazo ngemiqga emitholampilo<br />
uma zifuna ukubona udokotela noma umhlengikazi,<br />
isimo senhlanzeko endaweni yokusebenzela kanye<br />
nezindlela zokwenza ngcono usizo olunikezwa<br />
iziguli. Ifomu lemvumelwazi latholakala ezigulini<br />
ezineminyaka ewu-18 kuya phezulu kwasebedla<br />
imishanguzo okungenani amasonto amabili<br />
kanye nasebedle amaphilisi e-TB okungenani<br />
izinyanga ezimbili kwababevakashele imitholampilo<br />
yokwelashwa.<br />
Imiphumela yokuqala ikhomba ukuthi ukwaneliseka<br />
kuhle kakhulu cishe eziguleni ezingu-97% kwabane-<br />
TB no-95% kwabane-HIV babika ‘ukwaneliseka<br />
kakhulu’ noma ‘ukwaneliseka’ ngosizo abalutholayo<br />
mhla kuxoxiswana nabo. Nakuba kunjalo, amazinga<br />
okuneliseka aba phansi ngokuphawulekayo kwezinye<br />
izici zokwaneliseka futhi aphansi nakakhulu<br />
kwezinye izici zokwaneliseka futhi aphansi kakhulu<br />
kwabane-HIV kunalaba abane-TB. Cishe ngaphezu<br />
kohhafu (52%) ezigulini ezine-HIV no-40% kwezine-<br />
TB zavuma ukuthi abanye abasebenzi abaziphathi<br />
ngenhlonipho. Kodwa-ke uma iziguli zibuzwa ukuthi<br />
zona ngokwazo zaziphathwa yini ngenhlonipho, cishe<br />
iningi (93% kwezine-HIV no-96%) kwezine-TB<br />
zavuma ukuthi ziphathwa ngenhlonipho. Ingxenye<br />
ephezulu yabathola imishanguzo abangu-65%<br />
kunabangu-40% abane-TB bavuma ukuthi imigqa<br />
yokubona udokotela noma umhlengikazi mide<br />
kakhulu. Mayelana nokukhulumisana komsebenzi<br />
wezempilo nesiguli, u-5% weziguli ezine-TB kodwa<br />
u-10% weziguli ezine-HIV zakuthola kungelula<br />
ukutshela abasebenzi ngokuphutha ukuphuza<br />
amaphilisi futhi u-15% weziguli wabika ukuthi<br />
abasebenzi babhizi ukuthi bengalalela izinkinga<br />
zabo. Iziguli ezikwimishanguzo nasekwelashelweni<br />
i-TB kumele zizizwe zikhululekile ukuxoxa<br />
nabasebenzi bezempilo mayelana nokuphutha<br />
ukuphuza amaphilisi nangezinkinga zokuphuza<br />
njalo imithi okuyinto ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabo.<br />
Amazinga aphezulu ekugcineni imfihlo abikwa<br />
iziguli ezivakashela imitholampilo yokwelashelwa<br />
i-HIV ne-TB.<br />
Iziguli ezingu 21% zavuma ukuthi izindawo<br />
zokusebenzela (kuhlanganise indawo yokulindela<br />
nezindlu zangasese) kwakungcolile futhi ezinye<br />
iziguli zacela izitulo amanzi kanye nezinkomishi.<br />
Mayelana nemizamo yokwenza ngcono okokusebenza<br />
emitholampilo, abaningi kwabane-HIV kunabane-<br />
TB babika isidingo semiqga emifushane (57%),<br />
abasebenzi bezempilo abangeziwe (57%) nezindawo<br />
ezingconywana zeziguli (izindlu zangasese, indawo<br />
yokulinda nokunye) (67%) njengezinye zezindlela<br />
ezindaweni zokusebenzela. Eminye imibono<br />
eyaqhamuka ezigulini kwakungukwamukeliswa<br />
ngamaphasela okudla, izinto zokuhamba kanye<br />
nendlela elula yokuthola imithi ikakhulukazi eye-TB.<br />
Njengoba iziguli zanelisekile jikelele ngosizo<br />
lwezempilo kwi-HIV nesifo se-TB kulendawo<br />
yasemakhaya, kunobufakazi kwezinye izindawana<br />
ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa<br />
imiqga emide kwabeze ukuzothola ukunakwa, inqubo<br />
noma izindlela zezokwelashwa, isimo sengqondo<br />
sabasebenzi bezempilo ezigulini nezinga lenhlanzeko<br />
ezindaweni zokusebenzela.<br />
17
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Nge-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> Nokusebenza Kwayo<br />
1. Yini I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
A: I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> isikhungo socwaningo<br />
esibhekele kakhulu ukucwaninga ngezempilo<br />
zabantu esasungulwa ngo 1997 ngoxhaso<br />
lweWellcome Trust okuyinhlango enikela izwe<br />
lonke ezinde e-United Kingdom. I-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> izibandakanye ezinhlelweni ezimbili<br />
ezinkulu zocwaningo. Olokuqala ucwaningo<br />
lwabantu olulandela abantu abacishe babe<br />
ngu-90,000 abangamalunga amakhaya angu-<br />
11,000 futhi iloba lonke ushintsho olwenzeka<br />
emphakathini ngenxa yokufuduka, ukuzalwa,<br />
kanye nokufa kwabantu. Olwesibili ucwaningo<br />
lwe-HIV olubandakanya ukuhlolelwa i-HIV<br />
minyaka yonke kubahlali asebekhulile kanye<br />
nengxenye engu 12, 5% yalabo esebekhulile<br />
kepha abangasahlali kulendawo. Ngaphezu<br />
kwalokho i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> ilekelela uMnyango<br />
weZempilo ukufaka uHlelo lwe<br />
Mishanguzo kwisifunda nkantolo sakwaHlabisa<br />
ngokwezempilo. Inhloso ngqangi ye-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> ukuthola izimpendulo emibuzweni<br />
yesayensi enzima noma ezinkingeni ezihlobene<br />
nezezempilo.<br />
2. Yini UCwaningo<br />
A: <strong>Ucwaningo</strong> indlela ehlelekile yokuthola<br />
izimpendulo emibuzweni ebukhuni ehlobene<br />
nesimo noma nento ethile ekuthuthukiseni<br />
ukuqonda nokwazi kabanzi ngayo.<br />
3. Kungani I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> Ibuza Imibuzo<br />
Ebucayi Ngokwenza Ucansi<br />
A: Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze siqonde izinkolelo,<br />
indlela yokuziphatha kanye nemiqondo <strong>yabantu</strong><br />
mayelana nokwenziwa kocansi. Lokhu<br />
kuphinde kusize abacwaningi ekuqondeni<br />
ukuthi ingani inani labantu abathelelekayo<br />
(inkomba) lingehli mayelana ne-HIV/AIDS.<br />
4. Kungani I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> Iqoqa Ulwazi<br />
Ngokufa Emphakathini<br />
A: Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izifo<br />
ezibulala abantu kakhulu. Lolulwazi<br />
lubalulekile ekusizeni ukuqonda umthwalo<br />
wezifo emphakathini. Bese kusiza noMnyango<br />
wezeMpilo ukuhlawumbisela izinhlelo<br />
zokungenelela lazidingeka khona kakhulu.<br />
Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi kuphinde kushiwo<br />
ukuthi uma abahlengikazi bevakashela<br />
imindeni eshonelwe, bayaqikelela ukuthi<br />
umndeni usube nesikhathi esanele sokudlula<br />
esimweni sokulahlekelwa. Uma ngabe ngenkathi<br />
bevakashile bethola ukuthi umndeni<br />
usanenkinga yokumelana nokulahlekelwa<br />
bayawuxhumanisa nosonhlalakahle wase-<br />
<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> nodokotela wengqondo.<br />
5. Yini Ongayenza Ukwazi Isimo Sakho Se-HIV<br />
A: Akukho lula ukubona ukuthi umuntu<br />
uthelelekile nge-HIV. Indlela eyodwa yokwazi<br />
isimo sakho ukuthi uvakashele emtholampilo<br />
oseduze nawe noma usebenzise omahamba<br />
nendlwana be-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> noMnyango<br />
weZempilo bohlelo lwemishanguzo bokuhlolela<br />
nokwalulekwa nge-HIV ukuze wazi isimo<br />
sakho. Loluhlelo lumahhala.<br />
6. Kungani Kubalulekile Ukuhlolela I-HIV<br />
Noma Unganaye Ohlekisana Naye<br />
A: Isizathu ukuthi zintathu izindlela zokudlulisa<br />
igciwane zibizwa kanje: ukuhlangana<br />
ngokocansi, igazi elithelelekile, umama<br />
edlulisela ingane. Noma ngabe unganaye<br />
ohlekisana naye, kungenzeka ukuthi ukewaba<br />
sesimeni sokubhekana negazi elithelelekile<br />
noma uketshezi oluthile lomzimba.<br />
7. Umuntu Angakwazi Ukuhlolelwa Amasosha<br />
(CD4) Uma Engahlolelanga I-HIV<br />
A: Cha. Izikhungo zokucwaninga amagazi<br />
zikaHulumeni azilunikezi lolusizo kubantu<br />
abangatholakalanga bethelelekile nge-HIV.<br />
18
8. Yini Engenziwa Uma Abantu Abathelelekile<br />
Nge-HIV Becwaswa Imindeni Yabo<br />
A: Okokuqala, kumele kufundiswe imindeni<br />
<strong>yabantu</strong> abathelelekile nomphakathi wonkana<br />
nge-HIV, ne-AIDS kanye nemishanguzo.<br />
Esikhathini esiningi abantu bacwasana ngenxa<br />
yokuswela ulwazi noma ukuba nolwazi<br />
okungelona. Usizo lokwelulekwa kwemindeni<br />
luyanikezwa imindeni, abeluleki emtholampilo<br />
bangakwazi ukuba basize ngalo.<br />
9. Ingabe Amakhondomu Asebenza Ngempela<br />
A: Amakhondomu asebenza kahle kakhulu uma<br />
esetshenziswa njalo futhi ngendlela. Izinga<br />
lokwakhiwa kwamakhondomu liyahlolwa<br />
umnyango we-South <strong>Africa</strong> Bureau of<br />
Standards. Ulwazi ekusebenziseni kahle<br />
amakhondomu luyatholakala kuyoyonke<br />
imitholampilo.<br />
10. Kungani Imishanguzo Inganikezwa Abantu<br />
Abathelelekile Nge-HIV Kodwa Abangakaguli<br />
A. Ngokwenqubo mgomo waseNingizimu Afrika<br />
yokuQapha i-HIV ne-AIDS (2010), iMishanguzo<br />
inikezwa lamahlandla ehlukene abantu<br />
alandelayo:<br />
• Labo abanamososha omzimba angaphansi kuka<br />
200 nomangabe bakusiphi isigaba sokugula<br />
• Labo asebesesigabeni sesine sokugula ngokwe-<br />
WHO nomangabe emangaki amasosha abo<br />
omzimba<br />
• Labo aba ne-TB ye-MDR noma i-XDR noma<br />
ngabe angamangaki amasosha abo omzimba<br />
• Labo abanamasosha omzimba awu-350<br />
abakhulelwe noma abane-HIV ne-TB.<br />
Ngalokhoke lokhu kusho ukuthi iMishanguzo<br />
inikezwa iziguli ezine-HIV ngokuthi kulandelwe<br />
imigomo eshiwo ye South <strong>Africa</strong>n National<br />
AIDS Council (SANAC).<br />
11. Kungani Abasebenzi Base <strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
Benqaba Ukugibelisa Umphakathi Izimoto<br />
Zase-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
A: Umthetho we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> wezimoto uthi<br />
abashayeli bezimoto abavumelekile ukugibelisa<br />
abantu. Lapho kwenziwa ngoba uma umgibeli<br />
onjalo engafakiwe kumushwalensi we-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> kwenzeka ingozi angeke akhokhelwe.<br />
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abavumelekile<br />
kuphela abavunyelwe ukuhamba ngezimoto<br />
ze-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>.<br />
12. Ingabe Ubhalisa Kanjani Ukuze Wenze<br />
Izifundo Zecomputer E-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong><br />
A: Umthetho we-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> wezimoto uthi<br />
abashayeli bezimoto abavumelekile ukugibelisa<br />
abantu. Lakhu kwenziwa ngoba uma umgibeli<br />
onjalo engafakiwe kumushwalensi we-<strong>Africa</strong><br />
<strong>Centre</strong> kwenzeka ingozi angeke akhokhelwe.<br />
Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abavumelekile<br />
kuphela ilabo abanegunya lokuhamba<br />
ngezimoto ze-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong>.<br />
13. Ingabe I-<strong>Centre</strong> Iyalunikeza Uxhaso Lwemali<br />
Kosomabhizinisi Abancane Basendaweni<br />
A: I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> iqashe umuntu omelene<br />
nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi (Community<br />
Development Officer) ukusiza umphakathi<br />
ngolwazi lwezindlela zokuthola izimali<br />
zamabhizinisi abo. Ngenxa yokuthi lelihhovisi<br />
alinayo imali, i-<strong>Centre</strong> ingeke ikwazi<br />
ukulekelela umphakathi ngokwezimali kodwa<br />
ingakwazi ngolwazi kuphela.<br />
14. Kungani I-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> Ingayikhiphi<br />
Imiphumela Ye-HIV Kubantu Emakhaya<br />
A: Ukuhlolelwa kwe-HIV okwenziwa ithimba<br />
le-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> elenza ucwaningo lwe-HIV<br />
kwenziwa ngonhloso ngenxa yokucwaninga<br />
kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma unikezela<br />
ngeconsi legazi kumsebenzi wase-AC<br />
osebenzela emakhaya angeke uyithole<br />
imiphumela yakho. Inhloso yalokhu ukuthola<br />
ukuthi isibalo sokutheleleka nge-HIV<br />
siyanda noma siyancipha. Umphakathi<br />
uyanxuswa ukuba usebenzise izindlu<br />
zomahamba nendlwana zokululeka<br />
nokuhlolelwa i-HIV okulethwa emakhaya<br />
nguMnyango weZempilo eletha lolusizo eduze<br />
namakhaya, lapho i-<strong>Africa</strong> <strong>Centre</strong> iyingxenye<br />
yalo ohlelweni lweMishanguzo.<br />
15. Ingabe iMishanguzo imahhala emtholampilo<br />
A: Yebo,imishanguzo itholakala mahhala<br />
kuzozonke izikhungo zikaHulumeni<br />
ezinjengemitholampilo nezibhedlela.<br />
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False Expectations Appearing Real ...<br />
With my eyes wide shut I leap into the blackness.<br />
Waiting, anticipating for what is to follow.<br />
Is it a thud followed by excruciating pain<br />
Would the transformation be like from life to death<br />
Will it be like squeezing through a tiny hole<br />
Is it agonizing as my life seeps through my finger in tiny<br />
dropplets<br />
Is it a gentle release like expelling a breath from my lungs<br />
Somehow I know I have to do this.<br />
How else will I know I hold my breath.<br />
The moment is here, the moment is now!<br />
If I don’t test now, how would I know my HIV status<br />
...are nothing but FEAR!!
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