[Thomas_H._Cormen]_Algorithms_unlocked(BookZZ.org)

Chapter 1: What Are Algorithms and Why Should You Care? 9
contain brilliant, in-depth analyses of algorithms. Be warned, however:
the material in TAOCP is intense. By the way, if you’re wondering
where the word “algorithm” comes from, Knuth says that it derives from
the name “al-Khowârizmî,” a ninth-century Persian mathematician.
In addition to CLRS, several other excellent texts on computer algorithms
have been published over the years. The chapter notes for
Chapter 1 of CLRS list many such texts. Rather than replicate that list
here, I refer you to CLRS.