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264 MONA BAKER<br />

11. Any direct comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> type/token ratio <strong>of</strong> texts in different languages, especially<br />

languages as structurally diverse as English and Arabic, would clearly be meaningless,<br />

<strong>for</strong> obvious reasons. Zanettin (2000) proposes an ingenious method <strong>for</strong> overcoming this<br />

difficulty, but applying it requires access to large reference corpora <strong>of</strong> original texts in<br />

both languages.<br />

12. English and Arabic have very different conventions <strong>of</strong> punctuation, and it is not uncommon<br />

<strong>for</strong> a whole paragraph in Arabic to consist <strong>of</strong> one long ‘sentence’, if we follow <strong>the</strong><br />

traditional definition <strong>of</strong> a sentence as ending in a full stop, question mark, or exclamation<br />

mark. Even more problematic in <strong>the</strong> present context is <strong>the</strong> fact that it is very difficult and<br />

costly at <strong>the</strong> moment to scan and analyze Arabic texts automatically, <strong>for</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong><br />

technical reasons, which means that no corpus-based exploration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Arabic originals<br />

can be undertaken, and a manual analysis would require a considerable amount <strong>of</strong> time to<br />

per<strong>for</strong>m.<br />

References<br />

Baker, Mona. 1993. “Corpus Linguistics and Translation Studies: Implications and Appli-<br />

cations”. Mona Baker, (c) Gill Francis John and Benjamins<br />

Elena Tognini-Bonelli, eds. Text and Technology:<br />

In Honour <strong>of</strong> John Sinclair. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993.<br />

233–250. Delivered by Ingenta<br />

Baker, Mona. on: 1995. “Corpora Mon, in 27 Translation Mar Studies: 2006 An Overview 01:50:29 and Some Suggestions<br />

<strong>for</strong> Future Research”. Target 7:2. 223–243.<br />

to: The Baker, John Mona. 1996. Rylands “Corpus-based University Translation Studies: Library, The Challenges The that Lie University<br />

Ahead”.<br />

Harold Somers, ed. Terminology, <strong>of</strong> Manchester<br />

LSP and Translation: Studies in Language Engineering,<br />

in Honour <strong>of</strong> Juan C. Sager. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1996. 175-<br />

IP: 137.189.174.203<br />

186.<br />

Baker, Mona. 1998. “Réexplorer la langue de la traduction: une approche par corpus”. Meta<br />

43:4. 480–485.<br />

Baker, Mona. 1999. “The Role <strong>of</strong> Corpora in <strong>Investigating</strong> <strong>the</strong> Linguistic Behaviour <strong>of</strong><br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Translators”. International Journal <strong>of</strong> Corpus Linguistics 4:2. 281–298.<br />

Burnett, Scott. 1999. A Corpus-based Study <strong>of</strong> Translational English. Manchester: Centre<br />

<strong>for</strong> Translation Studies, UMIST. [MSc Dissertation.]<br />

Crystal, David and Derek Davy. 1969. <strong>Investigating</strong> English <strong>Style</strong>. Longman.<br />

Enkvist, Nils Erik. 1964. “On Defining <strong>Style</strong>: An Essay in Applied Linguistics”. John<br />

Spencer, ed. Linguistics and <strong>Style</strong>. London: Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press, 1964. 1–56.<br />

Gleason, H.A. 1965. Linguistics and English Grammar. New York: Holt, Rinehart &<br />

Winston.<br />

Gullin, Christina. 1998. Översättarens röst. Lund: Lund University Press.<br />

Hermans, Theo. 1996a. Translation’s O<strong>the</strong>r. Inaugural Lecture Delivered at University<br />

College London on 19 March 1996. [Unpublished Manuscript.]<br />

Hermans, Theo. 1996b. “The Translator’s Voice in Translated Narrative”. Target 8:1. 23–<br />

48.<br />

House, Juliane. 1977. A Model <strong>for</strong> Translation Quality Assessment. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.<br />

[Second edition: 1981.]

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