A strong parietal hub in the small-world - Synesthesia

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Small-world network of coloured-hearing synaesthetes 187 Table 2. Listed are t- andp-values obtained for the t-tests comparing the synaesthetes and nonsynaesthetes with respect to the global small-world indices broken down for each frequency band Edges CC weighted PL norm Theta t (df = 23) −1.265 −0.15 1.282 p .219 .882 0.214 Alpha1 t (df = 23) −1.154 0.396 0.669 p .26 .697 0.51 Alpha2 t (df = 23) 0.749 1.078 −0.286 p .462 .292 0.778 Beta t (df = 23) 0.232 0.735 −0.057 p .819 .47 0.955 degree) were calculated for each subject individually. The graph-theoretical network analysis for the global small-world indices revealed no between-groups differences. All between-group analyses are summarized in Table 2. As one can see from Table 2, all p values are
188 Lutz Jäncke and Nicolas Langer Table 3. Hubs for which differences between coloured-hearing synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes were hypothesized with respect to the degree measure. Listed are t- andp-values obtained for the t-tests comparing the synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes. In addition, the effect size Cohen’s d is indicated. Please note that only between-group differences are depicted surpassing the thresholds of a p < .05 and an effect size of d > .08. For each region, we also included the MNI coordinates of the maxima for the current densities identified with the sLORETA analysis t Cohen’s Frequency band Region df (23) p d Theta Parietal cortex (l) 2.15 .041 0.879 (X =−20, Y =−65, Z = 50) Alpha1 Parietal cortex (l) 2.16 .041 1.883 (X =−20, Y =−65, Z = 50) Alpha2 Parietal cortex (l) 2.77 .011 1.132 (X =−20, Y =−65, Z = 50) Beta Auditory cortex (r) 2.37 .026 0.969 (X = 45, Y =−30, Z = 10) Identification of hub regions Hub regions for which the degree measure revealed differences between synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes in the some of the hypothesized regions (or hubs). There were also between-group differences in hubs for which no apriorihypothesis have been formulated. All between-group differences are graphically depicted in Figure 1. However, the hubs for which we have formulated apriorihypothesis are specifically marked in Figure 1 (black rectangles) and separately depicted in Table 3. In Table 4, the betweengroup differences are shown for which no apriorhypotheses have been formulated. The degree measures for the left-sided parietal lobe turned out to strongly differ between both Table 4. Hubs for which differences between colored-hearing synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes were not hypothesized with respect to the degree measure t Cohen’s Frequency band Region df (23) p d Theta Inferior frontal gyrus (l) 2.08 .048 0.852 (X =−50, Y = 10, Z = 15) Visual cortex (r) 2.68 .013 1.095 (X = 15, Y =−85, Z = 0) Alpha1 Hippocampus (l) 2.07 .048 0.848 (X =−20, Y =−10, Z =−25) Retrosplenial area (r) 3.33 .003 1.359 (X = 10, Y =−50, Z = 35) Alpha2 Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (l) 2.92 .007 1.194 (X =−45, Y = 35, Z = 20) Beta Angular gyrus (l) 2.29 .031 0.936 (X =−45, Y =−65, Z = 25) Subcentral area (r) 2.29 .031 0.936 (X = 60, Y =−10, Z = 15) Parietal cortex (l) 2.66 .013 1.087 Postcentral gyrus (X = 55, Y =−25, Z = 50)
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A strong parietal hub in the small-world - Synesthesia

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