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Mostafa SHEHATA MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS IN ISLAMIC MEDICINE Syringes and Cannulas Spoons of Wood The Anesthetic Sponge For Drug Inhalation The Anaesthetic Sponge for Inhalation Anaesthesia Utensils for Preparation of Drugs A Drug Store Umayyad Pharmacist’s Measuring Cup With Inseribed Glass Seal; Measures 3 Inches High. (Courtesy The Metropolitan Museum of Art; Gift of Helen Miller Gould, 1910.) 64 JISHIM 2007-2008, 6-7
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS IN ISLAMIC MEDICINE JISHIM 2007-2008, 6-7 Utensils for Preparation of Drugs Patient Transportation Hand Carriage For Patients The Instruments in Medical Practice: The great number of the effi cient medical instruments used in Islamic medicine were made of solid durable material and effectively used by the Islamic physicians in their practice of medicine. Mostafa SHEHATA For clean and safe use of these instruments in surgery, many antiseptic measures were strictly followed to minimize wound infl ection or suppuration. This was based on good rational basis at a time where microorganisms were not known or discovered. Rhazes by his high medical experience recognized the phenomena of putrefaction and so he wisely selected the most clean site in Baghdad to establish a new hospital. He was also the pioneer physician who used pure alcohol as an antiseptic agent for wound cleaning and operative dressings. (20) Preservation of the instruments in fresh liquid bile before their use, was advised by Avicenna as an effective antiseptic measure. (19) Fire heating of the instruments was advised by Rhazes and Avicenna for the surgical tools and cautery instruments before their use as a safe antiseptic measure. (18) Conclusion I hope that this proper honest study of the Islamic Medicine and Instruments can reveal the great precious role played by the Islamic physicians in the progress of medicine and the perfection of medical practice, based on good observation, judgment and high knowledge. The subsequent civilization in Europe got benefi t of this high progress in medical knowledge and manufacture of surgical instruments to start their own renaissance. They quoted all the Islamic medical innovations, without any acknowledgement of the previous precious role of the pioneer Islamic physicians. They even accredited some of their physicians of being the pioneer inventors of many Islamic medical instruments. REFERENCES 1. Dr. Tigany El Mahi “An Introduction to the History of Arab Medicine” (Arabic Edition). First edition, El Khartoom, El Sudan, 1959. 2. Dr. Hassan Kamal “Dictionary of Pharaonic Medicine”. First Edition, The National Publication House, Cairo, Egypt, 1967. 3. Sigerist Henry “A History of Medicine”. Vol. 7, Oxford University Press, 1967. 4. Toby Gelfand “Surgery”. The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Inc., U.S.A., Vol. 26, 1982, p. 56. 5. Dr. Ahmad Mokhtar Mansour “Surgery in Arabo-Islamic Civilization” (Arabic Edition), Edited by Islamic Studies Center, Zakazic, Egypt, 2000. 6. Arturo Castiglioni “A History of Medicine”. Translated to English by Krumbhaar, 2nd edition, Alfred Knopf Publishers, New York, U.S.A., 1958. 65
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Contact Address: 9th World Congress
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3. Congress Members in 2007 Amasya
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