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Table of Contents: Volume 5 Number 32 30 December, 2011 nces ARTICLES Assessment of inflammatory cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome in an intensive care unit of a Saudi tertiary hospital 5964 Obeid E. Obeid and Manal I. Hassan Seroprevalence of hepatitis-A virus among children aged 1-16 years in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey 5969 Uğur DEVECI, Cemal USTUN and Ozlem HAMANCA Diversity of nifH gene sequences in the sediments of South China Sea 5972 Lixian Wu, Yanhua Cui and Sanfeng Chen Difference in photoinhibition and photoprotection between seedings and saplings leaves of Taxus cuspidata under high irradiance 5978 Wei Li, Yu-Sen Zhao and Zhi-Qiang Zhou Response of Cercospora beticola in sugar beet at different cultivars and fertilization level 5985 Yong-Gang Li, Li Zhang and Feng-Ming Mang In vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum Dzf17 5990 Peiqin Li, Chao Luo, Weibo Sun, Shiqiong Lu, Yan Mou, Youliang Peng and Ligang Zhou Production of calcium gluconate from cassava by Penicillium citrinum SCG-112 5994 Hai-Yan Sun, Pingjuan Zhao, Juanhua Li, Enshi Liu and Ming Peng
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(32), pp. 5796-5805, 30 December, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR ISSN 1996-0808 ©2011 Academic Journals DOI: 10.5897/AJMR11.610 Review Utility and importance of walnut, Juglans regia Linn: A review Nael Abu Taha and Mohammed A. Al-wadaan Chair of Advanced Proteomics and Cytomics Research, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11415, Saudi Arabia. Accepted 9 September, 2011 Juglans regia Linn is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine for a wide array of ailments that include helminthiasis, diarrhea, sinusitis, stomachache, arthritis, asthma, eczema, scrofula, skin disorders, and various endocrine diseases such as diabetes mellitus, anorexia, thyroid dysfunctions, cancer and infectious diseases. The present review, attempts to provide comprehensive information on the ethnobotanical use, pharmacology, nutritional value, preclinical and clinical studies, toxicity, other uses and current research prospects of the Juglans regia L. Currently, there is a renewed interest in walnut, and several investigations aimed at scientific validation of its traditional uses and a humble scientific investigation aimed at isolation and identification of active constituents of crude extracts. Key words: Juglans regia, nutritional value, bioactivity, clinical trial, traditional use, toxicity. INTRODUCTION Origin and distribution Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most widespread tree nut in the world. The tree is commonly called as the Persian walnut, white walnut, English walnut or common walnut. It belongs to juglandaceae and has the scientific name Juglans regia. The walnut tree species is native to the old world. It is native in a region stretching from the Balkans eastward to the western Himalayan chain (Fernandez- Lopez et al., 2000) and was cultivated in Europe as early as 1000 BC. At present, walnut is cultivated commercially *Corresponding author. E-mail: nabutaha@ksu.edu.sa. Abbreviations: FAs, Fatty acids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; AA, amino acid; MICs, minimum inhibitory concentrations; IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration; TMV, tobacco mosaic virus; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; CCl4, carbon tetrachloride; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GSH, glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; GOT, glutamyl oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamyl pyruvic transaminase; TG, triglycerides; EDV, endothelium-dependent vasodilation; CP, cyclophosphamide. throughout southern Europe, northern Africa, eastern Asia, the USA and western South America. World production of whole walnut was around 1.5 × 106 t in 2008 (FAO, 2008). China is the leading world producer, followed by the USA, Iran, Turkey, Ukraine, Romania, France and India, but production in other countries such as Chile and Argentina has increased rapidly in recent years (Martinez et al., 2010). Walnut composition and nutritional value Walnut has been used globally in human nutrition since ancient times. The high protein and oil contents of the kernels of Juglans regia L. (Juglandacea) make this fruit indispensable for human nutrition. Therefore, the walnut is classified as a strategic species for human nutrition and is included in the FAO list of priority plants (Gandev, 2007). The seed part of the fruit (kernel) is consumed fresh, toasted, or mixed with other confectionaries. In the Middle East walnuts are added alone or along with almonds, date, and raisin as a special pastry preparation called Ma'moul. Walnuts are nutrient-rich food due to high contents of fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. They are also good source of flavonoids, sterols, pectic
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UPCOMING CONFERENCES 7th Conference
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