Chapter 18

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7. Itaque mater mortem quarti filii exspectabat, qui non valebat et cuius aetas erat brevis. And so the mother was expecting the death of her fourth son, who was not well and whose life was brief. 8. Bella difficilia sine consilio et clementia numquam gerebamus. We never used to wage difficult wars without planning (good judgment) and clemency. 9. Te cum novem ex aliis miseris ad Caesarem cras trahent. Tomorrow they will drag you to Caesar (along) with nine of the other miserable men. 10. Regem acrem, qui officia neglexerat, ex urbe sua eiecerunt. The threw out of (expelled from) their [own] city the harsh king, who had neglected his duties. 11. Ille poeta in tertio libello saturarum scripsit de hominibus avaris qui ad centum terras alias navigare cupiunt quod pecuniam nimis desiderant. In his third little volume of satires that poet wrote about avaricious men who desire (are eager) to sail to a hundred other lands because they long excessively for money (because of their extreme desire for wealth). (Centum is used here for any large number, = countless, innumerable.) 12. Mercy will be given by them even to the citizens of other cities. Cl�mentia etiam c�vibus ali�rum urbium ab e�s dabitur. 13. Many are moved too often by money but not by truth. Mult� pec�ni� sed n�n v�rit�te nimis saepe moventur. 14. The state will be destroyed by the powerful king, whom they are beginning to fear. C�vit�s � r�ge potent�, quem tim�re incipiunt, d�l�bitur. 15. Those ten women were not frightened by plans of that trivial sort. Illae decem f�minae c�nsili�s ill�us (ist�us) generis levis n�n terr�bantur. SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE 1. Possunt quia posse videntur. They are able because they appear to be able. (I.e., merely the appearance of being powerful can itself be empowering.) 2. Etiam fortes viri subitis periculis saepe terrentur. Even courageous men are often terrified by sudden dangers. 3. Tua consilia sunt clara nobis; teneris scientia horum civium omnium. Your plans are clear to us; you are held fast (restrained) by the knowledge of all these citizens. 4. Malum est consilium quod mutari non potest. Bad (ill-considered) is the plan that cannot be changed. (Many of Wheelock’s S.A. are proverbs drawn from the mimes of the first cent. B.C. dramatist Publilius Syrus, including S.A. 9 below; his maxims were later collected along with aphorisms from other sources and taught in Roman schools: for details see the OCD.) 5. Fas est ab hoste doceri. It is right (fitting) to be taught by the enemy. (Ask students to explain the point, i.e., that there are always valuable lessons to be learned from one’s adversaries.) 6. Eo tempore erant circenses ludi, quo genere levi spectaculi numquam teneor. At that time there were circus games (competitions in the Circus), by which trivial sort of spectacle (a trivial kind of entertainment by which) I am never held (attracted). (As the notes point out, a rel. pron.’s antecdent is often “attracted into” the rel. clause; i.e., quo genere levi spectaculo = genus leve spectaculi quo, “a trivial sort of entertainment by which . . . ..” You should certainly take the opportunity here to discuss the Romans’ love of chariot-racing; refer students to the photo on p. 120 and share with them details from “Circus,” OCD 3 . Although Pliny and other writers 4 TEACHER’S GUIDE and ANSWER KEY for WHEELOCKS LATIN: Chapter 18
sometimes expressed their disdain for these “circus games,” a great many Romans were as fanatical over chariot races as Americans are today over auto races or football–leading the Roman satirist Juvenal to observe cynically of his fellow citizens that all they needed to be content was panem et circenses, “bread and circuses,” i.e., welfare meals and free entertainment.) 7. Haec est nunc vita mea: admitto et saluto bonos viros qui ad me veniunt; deinde aut scribo aut lego; post haec omne tempus corpori datur. This is now my life (daily routine): I receive and greet the good men who come to (visit) me; then I either write or read; after these things all my time is devoted to my body (physical fitness). (See “salutatio,” OCD 3 ; Roman clients would visit their patronus as part of the morning salutatio, where their requests of assistance might be honored, in the manner of Brando’s “Godfather,” with “an offer you can’t refuse.”) 8. Nihil igitur mors est, quoniam natura animi habetur mortalis. Consequently death is nothing, since the nature of the soul is considered to be mortal. (While most Greco- Roman cults and philosophical sects fostered belief in an afterlife, the Epicureans, whose foremost Roman proponent was Lucretius in his didactic poem, the De Rerum Natura, argued that death was the absolute sensationless cessation of existence: the soul is made of atoms and dies along with the body; “Lucretius [Titus Lucretius Carus]” and “Epicurus,” OCD 3 . Mortalis, of course, literally means “subject to mors.”) 9. Amor misceri cum timore non potest. Love cannot be mixed with (exist together with) fear. 10. Numquam enim temeritas cum sapientia commiscetur. For rashness is never mixed together with wisdom. 11. Diligemus eum qui pecunia non movetur. We will love him (the man) who is not motivated by money. 12. Laudatur ab his; culpatur ab illis. He is praised by these men (by some men), blamed by those (by others). 13. Probitas laudatur—et alget. Honesty is praised--and grows cold (is neglected). (Juvenal is known for his epigrammatic sententiae, this one involving a brilliant personification: Honesty is seen as a living creature, once praised but now abandoned and cold with the chill of death.) ON DEATH AND METAMORPHOSIS O genus humanum, quod mortem nimium timet! Cur pericula mortis timetis? Omnia mutantur, omnia fluunt, nihil ad veram mortem venit. Animus errat et in alia corpora miscetur; nec manet, nec easdem formas servat, sed in formas novas mutatur. Vita est flumen; tempora nostra fugiunt et nova sunt semper. Nostra corpora semper mutantur; id quod fuimus aut sumus, non cras erimus. Oh human race, which fears death excessively! Why do you fear the dangers of death? All things are changed (changing), all things flow (are constantly in flux), nothing comes to a true death (truly dies). The soul wanders and is mixed into other bodies; it neither remains (fixed), nor does it keep the same forms, but it is changed into new forms. Life is a river; our times flee (are fleeting) and they are always new (constantly renewed). Our bodies are always changed; that which we have been or are, we shall not be tomorrow. (For Ovid, see p. xxxvi of the text, and remember that Wheelock’s Introduction includes brief comments on most of the writers excerpted in the S.A.; consider including these comments as required TEACHER’S GUIDE and ANSWER KEY for WHEELOCK’S LATIN: Chapter 18 3
Page 1: ev. 8-10-05 Chapter 18 OBJECTIVES U

Chapter 18

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