salmon itsu

”
I love the Leroy Salmon, it’s so fresh. We get it directly
from the Norwegian sea. It’s the next best thing to
catching it ourselves. Nobody else in the UK does that.
“
Alex Young, Salmon Buyer Extraordinaire.
salmon
at itsu
Salmon Information

contents
the facts 03
salmon at itsu
why itsu use superior farm salmon 04
itsu salmon specification 05
itsu salmon colour card 07
Leroy salmon information 08
the cycle of salmon 15
common customer questions? 16
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the facts
Costs
Facts
Salmon costs vary from £8 to £10 per kg
We spent this year
just under £3 million
Salmon - itsu orders an average of
6 tonnes per week
Predicted for 2012
9 tonnes per week
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why itsu use superior farm salmon
After travelling around the world, the
female will have around 30,000 eggs,
from these eggs it is likely that only
12 eggs will develop to adulthood in
the wild. Is it any wonder that farming
this species can only serve to protect
the delicate balance of nature in the
wild for this “king of fish”.
Out of the same female in a farmed
environment, the same 30,000 eggs
should give 27,000 fish - (90%).
As one of the largest salmon buyers
it would be devastating for the species
if itsu were to order wild salmon.
Instead, we choose to put our trust in
the best quality Norwegian superior
salmon farms.
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itsu salmon specification
Product Description
Fresh salmon fillet 4/8 tr.e
Species
Salmon Salar
Country of Origin
Norway
Condition
Fresh
Brand
Leroy
Processing Plant
Sinkaberg-Hansen AS
Packing No
NT-145
Product ID
110247
D-PAK T-PAK
Distribution packaging Transport packaging
Net weight (g): 10 000 400 000
Gross weight (g): 11 000 460 000
Packaging type: Styropor EURO pallet
Width (cm): 40 80
Depth (cm): 60 120
Height (cm): 15 165
No. layers on pall: 13
No. D-Pak per layer: 4
Raw material: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) superior 4-8 kg farmed in Norway.
Colour: 24-27 on SalmoFan and 14-15 on Roche Colour Card
Trimming/cutting: According to Norwegian Standard 9404;
E-trim; skinless and pin bone out.
Deep skinned (3 cm brown fat)
Latin name: SALMO SALAR
Shelf life (no. days): 12
Nationality: Norwegian
Storing temperature: -1/+4°C
Cooling type: ICE
Ingredients: Atlantic Salmon
Production prosess: Slaughtering, filleting, bone removing, trimming, skinning
and packing
The fillets is packed interleaved in styropor boxes with ice
Approximately 8 fillets in the box
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itsu salmon spec CONTINUED
Nutrition values (g/100g):
Energy (kJ): 834
Kcal” 200
Protein: 19,9
Fat: 13,4
Carbohydrates: 0
Allergenes: Fish
Microbiology (limits / g):
ANALYSIS MICROBIOLOGY (max) FREQUENCY (min) METHOD
Total viable count

itsu salmon colour card
itsu Acceptable
Choice Ranges
Pantone 157u - 1665u
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Leroy salmon information
Studies on people
(852 men followed over
a period of 20 years)
show that the greatest
effect on health in regard
to cardio-vascular
diseases is achieved
through a moderate
increase in consumption
of fish.
(Kromhout et al. (1985)
New Engl. J. Med. 312, 1205-1209).
Salmon and salmon feed
Salmon do not need special raw materials such as fishmeal, but do need many of the
components we find in for example fishmeal. The salmon’s requirements for different
nutritional substances such as amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals are
comprehensively mapped.
All raw materials break down in the fish’ stomach / intestine system and are built up
again into “salmon products” in the fish.
The challenge for us as an aquaculture company and for feed manufacturers is to find
the raw materials that contain everything the salmon needs to provide the best possible
production at the lowest possible cost. Meanwhile the raw materials we use shall
originate from sustainable productions / harvests.
For instance, we only use fishmeal produced from industrial fish that are regulated. We
also use fishmeal produced from mackerel and herring offcuts, but then the bulk of the
fish has gone directly beforehand to human consumption, we only utilise the remainder
product.
Salmon feed has traditionally consisted of fishmeal and fish oil. The reason for this is
because there have been low-priced, good, raw materials available and it has been a
natural and safe choice to use these. Over time the supply of fishmeal and fish oil has
declined, primarily because a larger percentage of the fish caught goes directly to
human consumption. It is a good exploitation of the resource. For that reason the
marine farming industry has increasingly made use of other raw materials in the feed.
Currently these include soya, rapeseed and pea protein as well as rapeseed oil in the fish
feed in addition to fishmeal and fish oil. Research is ongoing and focused on enabling
us to be less dependent on fishmeal and oil.
continued overleaf
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
Raw materials whose use would be an advantage if we only consider the salmon’s
nutritional requirements, but that for various reasons we do not use, are diverse
genetically modified (GMO) products and animal bi-products. GMO products are plants
(e.g. soya, maize and rapeseed) which have been made more resistant to chemical
sprays and insect attacks. Initially these are rational changes for the plants, but there is a
certain amount of scepticism among consumers against these products. The challenge for
Lerøy as a marine farming company lies in that most of the soya, maize and rapeseed
produced in the world is genetically modified. Animal bi-products are for instance
blood-meal produced from pigs and poultry meal produced from chickens. These are
sustainable and nutritionally good products, but some consumers are sceptical about
these raw materials due to previous histories of disease (e.g. BSA/’mad cow’ disease).
Lerøy Seafood Group does not currently use any GMO raw materials or animal biproducts
in feed for salmon.
Salmon as a food product
The salmon covers most of the human’s nutritional needs at the same time as it is the
most important source of the essential nutritional substances that we need. Just as
important as the content of individual nutritional substances is the interaction between
nutritional substances – the salmon is a unique “nutrition parcel”. Recent research
shows that a better effect is achieved on health by eating a portion of salmon that
consists of a parcel with interactive, vital nutritional substances than to eat the same
nutritional substances in concentrated form. For example, the effect of w-3 fatty acids in
a piece of salmon is better than eating the same quantity of w-3 fatty acids in the form
of a capsule. The salmon’s content of important nutritional substances is partially
genetically determined and partially influenced by the feed we give to the fish. The
salmon’s content of proteins and amino acids is genetically determined and is minimally
affected by the feed eaten by the fish. The nutritional value of a protein source is
entirely dependent on which and the quantity of the various amino acids that makes up
the protein source. Salmon protein has the correct level for all the Amino acids.
continued overleaf
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
Salmon is an important source of the healthy w-3 fatty acids (especially EPA/DHA). The
fish’ own need for w-3 fatty acids is far lower than what we find in the salmon. The
level of w-3 in the fish reflects to a large extent the level in the feed, so the choice of oil
source in the feed is therefore important. The oil sources that have high content of w-3
(typical fish oil from Peru and Chile) are much sought after and therefore expensive. Fish
oil is in limited supply and around half of the marine farming industry’s oil requirements
are covered at present by fish oil. That is why we must also use vegetable oils such as
rapeseedseed and sunflower.
A typical Lerøy salmon will when harvested have a level of EPA+ DHA on 1.6 -1.8 g per
100-gram fillet. The recommended intake for an adult person of EPA+DHA is 0.25 g/day.
This means that if you eat one salmon dinner you easily cover the weekly requirement
for EPA+DHA. It is important to remember that other food products also contain some
EPA+DHA. Fat fish are also the most important source we have for Vitamins D, E, B12
and the minerals Selenium and Iodine. Intake of these vitamins and minerals is minute if
for instance you eat w-3 capsules. It is this nutritional parcel that makes salmon such a
unique nutritional product. If the focus is just on the w-3 levels it provides a very
lopsided picture of salmon as one of the healthiest products we can eat.
Many studies have been carried out on the effect on people of eating fat fish. A
reduced risk for cardio-vascular diseases reduces aggravated inflammation, positive
development of the nervous system and brain (which has a very high level of EPA/DHA)
and enhanced learning ability have been shown in a number of studies.
By eating a portion of salmon you achieve a
double health effect; you avoid eating an
unhealthy meal at the same time as you are
eating an extra wholesome salmon meal.
continued overleaf
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
Environmental status salmon farming
Marine farming production has an effect on the local environment on a
par with all other food production. At LSG in 2011 we will have
particular focus on four areas; escapes, salmon lice, organic stress/load
and feed resources. Escapes shall not occur and in 2010 LSG had no
registered escapes (of a biomass of 35 million fish). Research and
development continues to optimise equipment and operating routines
to ensure fish do not escape in the future either.
The fight against salmon lice took a very encouraging turn in 2010 where LSG halved
the number of treatments of fish to combat salmon lice. This was possible through a
significant increase in use of wrasse fish and optimisation of operating routines. Looking
ahead LSG will be participating in various Research and Development projects that have
a total cost of more than NOK 300 million. These have both a short-term and long-term
perspective. LSG is convinced we will have control of the salmon lice problem within a
reasonable space of time. LSG meets the authorities’ criteria and objective in regard to
salmon lice.
Discharge of mineral salts has two sources; discharge in the form of ammonia and faeces
from the fish and wasted feed. We endeavour to avoid wasted feed by having an intense
focus on the actual feeding process. Among other things, underwater cameras have been
used in farm pens to observe the fishes’ eating activity each time they are fed.
Several projects are underway where the main focus is on achieving further reduction of
the amount of feed going to waste. It is difficult to do anything about discharge from the
fish itself. Choice of production sites is crucial to make certain these nutritional substances
are quickly disposed of in the nutrition chain. Regular inspections are made of the sea
floor below our farms/installations by independent inspectors (MOM B inspections) to
ensure the surrounding environment is not placed under unacceptable strain. The
authorities have prepared a set of regulations and results of inspections are reported.
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
LSG is focused on that we shall operate a sustainable activity, this also involves the feed
raw materials we use. LSG has a comprehensive criteria specification that must be met
by our feed suppliers in regard to the origin and sustainability of the raw materials. LSG
is Global Gap certified; which also makes demands of contributing factors such as feed.
The marine raw materials we use shall only originate from regulated fisheries and we
shall not use fishmeal or oil produced in competition with direct human consumption.
Fish in – Fish out
There is intense focus among NGO’s and a number of our customers on “fish in - fish
out” (FIFO), i.e. how much wild fish does it take to produce a kilo of salmon. There are
many ways to do the sums and many figures are batted about. The result is dependent
among other things on the fat content of the wild fish which meal and oil are produced
from (can vary from 3-12%), how much marine protein and oil are in the feed, how
high a feed factor we have (kg feed used per kg growth) etc.
The industry is, in cooperation with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), on the way to
reaching agreement on how FIFO should be calculated (SalmonAquaculture Dialogue). A
typical Lerøy salmon will in accordance with this method have a FIFO for marine protein
equal to ca. 0.5, or for every kg of marine protein we give the salmon we get 2 kg in
return – accordingly a net producer of marine protein. FIFO for marine oil is ca. 2, or for
every kg of fish oil we give the salmon we get 0.5 kg in return. This is
mainly due to the considerable difference in the fat level between the
wild fish we produce oil from and the salmon. We can achieve a lower
level through increased use of vegetable oils but then the level of
EPA/DHA in the fish would be reduced.
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
Traceability
At LSG we have full traceability from egg to completed slaughtered fish. Additionally an
electronic tracking system is available where customers can upload a CV that contains
all key information on the fish. Data found here includes information on feed type, fat
content and colour in the fish and whether the fish has been treated against e.g.
salmon lice. We also have full traceability on the raw materials used in the fish feed via
the feed companies’ tracking system.
Food safety
All production companies that slaughter and process salmon in
LSG are approved by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority
(NFSA), which is the inspectorate authority in Norway. This
authorisation is based on a HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical
Control Points) system and the NFSA issues a separate HACCP
certificate. Most of our companies also have BRC approval
(British Retail Consortium), which is a separate certification that
concerns food safety.
Quality Hallvard Lerøy also carries out its own audits and
approval of the production companies.
All farmed salmon in Norway are safe for consumers to eat. Where hygiene is concerned
an extensive microbiological control regime is implemented in the companies and
inspectorate authority. Foreign substances such as PCB, heavy metals are checked
regularly. Any administering of medicines takes place in consultation with a veterinarian,
retention periods are complied with. The national monitoring program for residue
concentration of medicines in salmon (NIFES on assignment from the NFSA) have never
found a level of medicines in slaughtered salmon that exceeds borderline values.
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Leroy salmon info CONTINUED
Fish Feed Exploitation
In the years to come Lerøy Seafood Group together with its feed suppliers will assume
an active role in ensuring that the raw materials used in our feed are:
• fished/harvested in an ethically sound manner
• fished/harvested in compliance with legal frameworks
• based on sustainable fishing
Lerøy Seafood Group has established requirements for its suppliers of fish feed to make
sure that raw materials for the fish feed are managed in a satisfactory manner.
Moreover, in the time ahead Leroy Seafood Group will require its suppliers to closely
monitor how quotas are established and respected, and how the catch is used.
Lerøy Seafood Group requires that the raw materials in its fish feed must come from
geographic areas regulated by national quotas for the respective species, and where the
quotas are allocated as far as possible in conformance with accepted scientific
recommendations, (reference is made to ICES, FAO, IMARPE, CERNAPESCA, etc.).
We require that all our feed suppliers make use of raw materials which have been
certified in accordance with IFFO’s standard for sustainability or raw materials with MSC
certification.
The process for determining annual quotas for wild fish in the North-East Atlantic is
managed as shown on the diagram on the following page:
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the cycle of salmon (according to Alex)
Salmon (Salmon Salar)
from 26 months old; 4-8 kg fish
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common customer questions?
Welfare
• Our Salmon are from superior farm in Norway.
• itsu and Leroy always make sure that our Salmon are extremely well looked
after during every stage of their life, from fry to adulthood.
• Our Salmon are at least 26 months old when harvested (compared to a welfare
grown chicken which is only 30 days).
Feed
• We guarantee that our Salmon feed does not contain any GM and growth hormones.
• We guarantee that our Salmon feed contain only natural colourant.
• All ingredient used in the manufacture of fish feed must comply with EU regulation.
Density
• The stocking density in our farm allow our fish to show most normal behaviour than a wild Salmon.
• Our Farm salmon swim around 3000 miles a year, pretty much the same as a wild salmon.
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