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Name: _______________________ An Introduction to Shakespeare’s Language Since Shakespeare wrote nearly four hundred years ago, some of the conventions that he uses in his plays present problems for modern readers. Most of Shakespeare’s lines are written in poetry. Although these lines do not usually rhyme, they do have a set rhythm (called meter). To achieve the meter, Shakespeare arranges words so that the syllables, which are stressed or said more loudly than others, fall in a regular pattern: dah HUM dah DUM dah DUM dah DUM dah DUM. For example, read the following lines from Hamlet aloud: ♣ Neither a borrower nor a lender be, For lean oft loses both itself and friend. ♣ nei THER a BOR rower NOR a LEN der BE, for LOAN oft LO ses BOT it SELF and FRIEND. ♣ The pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, dah DUM, is called an iamb. Each pattern is referred to as a foot. Because Shakespeare uses five iambic feet to a line, this pattern is known as iambic pentameter. In order for Shakespeare to maintain the set meter of most lines, he often structures the lines differently than normal <strong>English</strong> speech. He may change the normal order of words so that the stresses syllables fall in the appropriate place. For example, the following sentence has no set meter: ♣ You WON’T GO till I SET up a GLASS for YOU. ♣ However, Shakespeare turns these words around a bit to maintain the meter in Hamlet: This above all — to thine ownself be true; And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Polonius, Act I, scene iii Hamlet Where’s Where in Julius Caesar This map lists the Roman kingdom during Caesar’s time as ruler. Refer to it as necessary, especially during your reading of Acts IV and V. 4
The First Triumvirate (Before play begins) Julius Caesar Crassus Pompey Who’s Who in Julius Caesar *Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome—Calpurnia, his wife *Marcus Brutus, Roman praetor—Portia, his wife Servants to Brutus Claudius Clitus Dardanius Lucius Strato Varro Comrades in Arms (w/ Brutus) Young Cato Messala Titinius Volumnius Lucilius *Pindarius, servant of Cassius *Artemidorus, teacher of rhetoric and a soothsayer Senators Cicero Popilius Publius The Second Triumvirate (after Caesar dies) Octavius Caesar Mark Antony M. Lepidus Tribunes Flavius Marullus *Other senators, citizens, guards, attendants, and another poet Let’s start by going around the room—say your name and your favorite gladiator. Conspirators against Caesar Marcus Brutus Decius Brutus Casca Metellus Cimber Cassius Cinna Ligarius Trebonius 5
Page 1 and 2: Name: ____________________________
Page 3: Topic List for Roman PowerPoint Pre
Page 7 and 8: 1. __________________: unit of rhyt
Page 9 and 10: Fun with Puns A pun is a play on wo
Page 11 and 12: Directions: To help you better unde
Page 13 and 14: 13. What does Cassius’s quote in
Page 15 and 16: Act II: Scene I - Brutus sends him
Page 17 and 18: 12. After reading Caesar’s quote
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Page 25 and 26: GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS FOR ACTIVE READI
Page 27 and 28: Julius Caesar Act V Study Guide Que
Page 29 and 30: 22. What does Brutus mean when he s
Page 31 and 32: Review Julius Caesar, Shakespeare,

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