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Life sciences in the system of scientific knowledge ical and geological processes which reproduction, i.e. by the creation of a can be synthetically reconstructed by new living body out of a preceding liv- experiments. ing natural body, and so generations in, generations out. Any living natural body is created by a complex biochemical process without leaving its own state of space. IV. The number of the inert natural bod- The number of the living natural bodies does not depend on the size of the ies is tied up (quantitatively) with the planet, but is defined by the properties size of a certain Earth’s envelope, the of the planetary matter energy. The biosphere. A scientific working biosphere is incessantly receiving and hypothesis is admissible (and is to be returning back the matter-energy into checked) about the cosmic metabolism the outer space. There exists a continu- of the living natural bodies. ous material-energetic exchange between the Earth and the cosmic space. V. The area and thevolume of the The mass of the living substance (the manifestation of the inert natural bod- complex of all living natural bodies) is ies are not defined within the limits of near to its limit and perhaps remains a planet and their mass varies with geo- dynamically constant during geological logical time. time. This mass is defined, in the last, by the quantity and oscillations of the radial solar energy embracing the biosphere. VI. The minimum size of an inert The minimum size of a living natural natural body is determined by the dis- body is defined by respiration, mainly persivity of the matter-energy (atom, by the biogenic migration of the atoms, electron, corpuscule, neutron, etc.). in accordance with Sniadecki’s princi- The maximum size is determined by pie and Loschmidt number. According the size of the planet which may be to the observations during geological itself considered as a bioinert natural time, the maximum size of the living body. Under the aspect of our exposi- natural body does not exceed hundreds tion, this size is defined by the volume meter, both for animals and plants, of the biosphere which represents a This may well depend upon some deep special bioinert natural body. The size causes that define the possibility of the varies enormously (in the range of existence (in the biosphere as a bioin- about 10 22 ). ert natural body) of the states of space answering a living natural body. The oscillations range is 10 10 . VII. Chemical composition of the inert Chemical composition of the living nat- natural bodies is entirely a function of ural bodies is created by themselves out the composition of the environment of the environment from which they within which these bodies are created. select (by nutrition and respiration) the 226
One may express it so: this composi- chemical elements necessary for life tion is defined by the “game” of the and reproduction: for the creation of the physical-chemical and geological new living natural bodies. In that they processes at a geological scale. perhaps may change the composition of their isotopes, may alter their atomic weights. The overwhelming part of their chemical composition is created by them in the form of independent (to a certain degree) bodies in the biosphere, i. e. in the bioinert natural body of the planet.
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V. I. Vernadsky SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT
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CONTENTS Preface A. L. Yanshin, F.
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ens through the creation (by him) o
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new species of diatoms, and the oce
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Analogous were the comments of othe
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his studies!” sounded. This was t
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approached an analysis of the struc
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dreds of thousands publications, in
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to the Earth as a set of simplest f
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11. Rational transformation of the
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Section one SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT AND
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phenomena whose manifestations in t
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evealed itself to the scientific kn
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changes it, while with respect to w
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consciousness) of the belief in the
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significance because it has created
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glacial phenomena become intensifie
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Geometrically, the rightness and th
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created. The history of scientific
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the geological time. Whereas under
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more precise an inference made much
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assert it with confidence) that thr
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scientific definition and elucidati
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hundred years) of this duration. Fi
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man from the Southern England in th
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is not a new one, and by the late 1
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Regrettably, the condition of the h
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the spiritual manifestation of the
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destruction not of its armed partic
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the dominating race. Their ideal is
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Firstly, the history of the mankind
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the scientific knowledge within the
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entists never were such people of a
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from the actions outside the scient
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Maxwell, Lavoisier, Ampere, Faraday
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protists, fungi, and micro-organism
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morphological structures of the lif
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with the manifestation not of the c
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these migrations— navigation), th
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42. Our knowledge in this area are
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Europe, this idea went into life du
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it. Probably these demands emerged
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46. But at the same time in the ext
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time received its scientific philos
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scholars and writers that, in their
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enormous, explosion-like (as to its
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essentially belong to the other reg
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Of course, theoretical construction
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The concepts of the quantity, of th
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several months before that. The fir
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and seeks a scientific explanations
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In the history of religions (which
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self-dependent thought in India beg
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dynasties, China formed steady rese
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The problem is that there is a phen
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continuously growing which became e
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later, but still within a reasonabl
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e accomplished in a spontaneous way
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of China and Mongolia. K. Marx, an
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the rise and to the pressure of the
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ated in scientific milieu and unsat
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The idea of a “scientific brain t
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man profoundly and completely: in t
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Thus, the main indubitable eternal
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America, first of all, in connectio
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of science and dependent on it. Suc
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82. From the said it is clear that
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over natural bodies, and over parti
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after a many-century interruption a
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A close connection between philosop
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thought of the Greeks, though incom
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A. D. the cultural exchange between
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Academy of Plato, his teacher, who
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and most usual tool. The technique
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thought, and this movement manifest
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that time, the most intense and pro
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of science in many areas. But in su
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chemical physics. The physical acce
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envelope lying at the frontier of t
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es constantly. Theoretically speaki
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exceeds the boundaries of the biosp
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101. It is clear from the above sai
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nature; and even when it does, the
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ing organisms are included into the
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eproduction of man, the development
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millions, for 1915—645 millions.
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the contemporary human population o
Page 177 and 178: The most probable cause is a series
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Page 185 and 186: created: the surface of the Earth a
Page 187 and 188: latitudes, from what is now Morocco
Page 189 and 190: agenda. This question is tied up wi
Page 191 and 192: We see and know (but we know it at
Page 193 and 194: Section four LIFE SCIENCES IN THE S
Page 195 and 196: determine exactly and scientificall
Page 197 and 198: (simple or complex), any soil, silt
Page 199 and 200: identical causes: the absence of th
Page 201 and 202: 125. Although later I shall return
Page 203 and 204: space-time as an indissoluble whole
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Page 207 and 208: It is best seen in the treatment of
Page 209 and 210: departure, this work may go more de
Page 211 and 212: to biogeochemical energy. Its meani
Page 213 and 214: Unfortunately this name, very impro
Page 215 and 216: only indicate to the existence of n
Page 217 and 218: consists of two states, distinct wi
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Page 221 and 222: The concept of the “space state
Page 223 and 224: X. The living organisms possessing
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Page 231 and 232: CHAPTER X Biological sciences ought
Page 233 and 234: Life sciences in the system of scie
Page 247 and 248: economics, but likewise in that of
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Page 251 and 252: nificance of this phenomenon with t
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Page 257 and 258: From left to right: sitting - N.D.Z
Page 259 and 260: The lastmost photograph of V.I.Vern
Page 261 and 262: Participated in the second session
Page 263 and 264: provinces for mineralogical researc
Page 265 and 266: on the studies of permafrost of the
Page 267 and 268: ecological programmes and for gas-
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