alma-photobook

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Artist’s conception of ALMA. Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/L. Calçada (ESO)
2. Early Radio Astronomy and its Future In 1933, a radio engineer, Karl G. Jansky, reported the first detection of radio waves from the Universe. Since then, radio astronomy has developed to become an important area of research for astronomers hoping to reveal the mysteries of the Universe. Giant single-dish telescopes have obtained wide-field pictures of star-forming clouds and galaxies, while radio interferometers — which use multiple antennas — have made high resolution images of baby stars, and of gigantic radio jets emanating from the centers of galaxies. Radio telescopes have also opened up a new discipline, astrochemistry, by detecting emission lines from molecules in interstellar space. But the Universe remains full of mysteries. To probe these, astronomers needed to build yet more powerful telescopes. North American, European, and Japanese scientists developed their own next generation radio telescope projects throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Scientists and engineers discussed the specifications of the telescopes, searched for the perfect construction site by measuring the weather conditions at several places, and shared their ideas across the international astronomical community. The three projects gradually converged, with a single common design emerging: using more than 40 antennas, focusing on submillimeter wavelengths, and selecting the Atacama Desert as the construction site. Researchers began to think of unify- ing these three projects and constructing a revolutionary telescope that could not be realized by one country or one region alone. To achieve such a high goal, astronomers moved from compe- tition to cooperation for the launch of the international ALMA project.
Page 3: Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO) Credit
Page 6: Artist’s conception of ALMA. Cred
Page 11 and 12: Left: The NRAO 140 Foot Telescope a
Page 13 and 14: The Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA)
Page 15: ESO-NRAO site-testing containers on
Page 18 and 19: A wide view of the Chajnantor Plate
Page 20: The Licancabur volcano and an icy f
Page 23 and 24: Llama at the edge of the internatio
Page 25 and 26: 3. Building ALMA The construction o
Page 27 and 28: A member of the local communities p
Page 29: Construction of an antenna foundati
Page 32 and 33: Completed AOS building. Credit: ALM
Page 34 and 35: Japanese 7-meter antennas in an ass
Page 36 and 37: Arrival of North American 12-meter
Page 39 and 40: Engineers installing the metallic p
Page 41 and 42: Three North American antennas under
Page 43 and 44: A European antenna handed over to t
Page 45: Inspection of the antenna surface a
Page 48 and 49: Left: Band 9 receiver cartridges de
Page 50 and 51: A technician examining the ALMA cor
Page 54 and 55: An ALMA antenna traveling across th
Page 56 and 57: Panoramic view of the OSF Site Erec
Page 58 and 59:
The ALMA gatehouse. The road to the
Page 61:
Maintenance work on an ALMA antenna
Page 64 and 65:
The receiver laboratory at the OSF
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Commissioning and Science Verificat
Page 68 and 69:
The Moon and the arc of the Milky W
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ALMA’s world at night. Credit: ES
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Science assessors at the ALMA Early
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5. ALMA’s View of the Universe De
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Curious spiral spotted by ALMA arou
Page 79 and 80:
ALMA sees clouds of gas hidden by t
Page 81 and 82:
ALMA through the years 1980s - 1990
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