REVIEW Chapter 6 - McGraw-Hill Ryerson

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$Math and Chemistry - McGraw-Hill Ryerson$

Part I: The F 1 Generation 2. Determine the genotype of the fl ies use for the P generation. 3. Construct a table to record your results. 4. Use a computer simulation program or obtain results for the F1 generation from your teacher. Record the results in your table. 5. Before beginning Part II, complete the Analysis section of the investigation for Part I. Part II: The F2 Generation 6. Determine the genotype of the fl ies for the F1 cross. 7. Construct a table to record your results. 8. Use a computer simulation program or obtain results for the F2 generation from your teacher. Record the results in your table. Analyze and Interpret Part I 1. From the data you recorded on the appearance of the fl ies in the F1 generation, which trait is dominant? Explain your answer. 2. Given your response to question 1, form a hypothesis about the phenotypic ratio that you will observe in the F2 generation. Part II 3. Calculate an actual phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation from your results. A B Two forms of body colour in fruit flies are black (A) and yellow (B). Conclude and Communicate 4. Describe the inheritance pattern for the trait you studied in this investigation. 5. How does the actual phenotypic ratio you obtained compare to the theoretical phenotypic ratio? Account for any diff erences. Extend Further 6. INQUIRY In this investigation, you tracked the inheritance pattern of one sex-linked trait. Design an investigation that would track the inheritance of one of these traits and the autosomal trait of normal versus vestigial wings. Describe the results you expect. 7. RESEARCH Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively in genetics research. What other traits have been studied in Drosophila? On which chromosomes are the genes for these traits located? <strong>Chapter</strong> 6 Complex Patterns of Inheritance • MHR 271
<strong>Chapter</strong> 6 Section 6.1 SUMMARY Beyond Mendel’s Observations of Inheritance Some patterns of inheritance are more complex than those fi rst proposed by Mendel. These include codominant and incomplete dominant inheritance patterns. In addition, for some traits multiple alleles for a gene can exist within the population. KEY TERMS codominance continuous variation heterozygous advantage Section 6.2 incomplete dominance polygenic trait Inheritance of Linked Genes Some traits are inherited together, due to linked genes. Gene linkage includes sex-linked genes, which are on the sex chromosomes. KEY TERMS linked genes sex-linked trait Section 6.3 The Future of Genetics Research Current and future research in genetics involves studying how phenotypes result from complex interactions between genes and gene products. KEY TERMS bioinformatics genetic profi le genomics 272 MHR • Unit 2 Genetic Processes KEY CONCEPTS • Incomplete dominance leads to the expression of an intermediate phenotype. In the case of codominance, both alleles are fully expressed. • Although an individual has only two alleles for any gene, multiple alleles for a gene may exist within the population. • Environmental conditions can infl uence the expression of certain traits. • Polygenic traits are controlled by more than one gene and can usually be identifi ed by continuous variation in phenotype. KEY CONCEPTS • Alleles of diff erent genes that are on the same chromosome do not assort independently. These genes are said to be linked and their associated traits tend to be inherited together. • Sex-linked traits are expressed in diff erent ratios by male and female off spring because they are determined by the segregation of X and Y chromosomes. • Although sex-linked genes are linked to the X and Y chromosomes, Punnett squares can be used to predict genotypes and phenotypes. KEY CONCEPTS • The complete DNA sequence of the human genome was determined as part of the Human Genome Project. • The fi eld of bioinformatics arose from the need to share and maintain the large quantities of data collected from genomic research. It also provides tools for analyzing genomic data. • There is still much to be learned from the data generated from the Human Genome Project, particularly in identifying genes that are associated with human health. • Current and future research in genomics may allow scientists to tailor preventative and curative treatments for individual patients based on their specifi c genetic profi les. However, ethical questions about who owns an individual’s genetic information continue to be debated.
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER 6 Specifi c Expectations In
Page 3 and 4: Key Terms SECTION 6.1 incomplete do
Page 5 and 6: heterozygous advantage a survival b
Page 7 and 8: Figure 6.7 There are seven differen
Page 9 and 10: continuous variation a range of var
Page 11 and 12: Section 6.1 REVIEW Section Summary
Page 13 and 14: Figure 6.11 In most of the gametes
Page 15 and 16: SuggestedInvestigation ThoughtLab I
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6.15 Great Britain’s Queen
Page 19 and 20: Practice Problems 11. A woman who i
Page 21 and 22: Key Terms SECTION 6.3 bioinformatic
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Page 25 and 26: 264 MHR • Unit 2 Genetic Processe
Page 27 and 28: genetic profile the complete genoty
Page 29 and 30: Plan Your Own INVESTIGATION Skill C
Page 31: ThoughtLab INVESTIGATION Materials
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Page 37 and 38: Chapter 6 SELF-ASSESSMENT Select th
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REVIEW Chapter 6 - McGraw-Hill Ryerson

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